Study of A Cogeneration Plant in Sugar Mill by Using Bagasse As A Fuel

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Study of a Cogeneration Plant in Sugar Mill by using Bagasse as a Fuel
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International Electrical Engineering Journal (IEEJ)
Vol. 7 (2016) No.6, pp. 2226-2240
ISSN 2078-2365
http://www.ieejournal.com/
Study of a Cogeneration Plant in Sugar

Mill by using Bagasse as a Fuel
1
C.Dinakaran, Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE, Sri Venkateswara College of Engg. & Tech., Chittoor
2
S.Purushotham, Assistant Engineer, S.N.J Sugars and Products Limited, Nelavoy Village, Chittoor
3
S.M.Harikrishna, Trainee Engineer, S.N.J Sugars and Products Limited, Nelavoy Village, Chittoor
1
dina4karan@gmail.com, 2purushotamsevoor@gmail.com, 3smharikrishna028@gmail.com
Abstract — Bagasse cogeneration describes the use of fibrous per square meter of boiler surface. The super saturated steam
sugarcane waste, bagasse to cogenerate heat and electricity at from superheater is fed to the impulse reaction turbine by
high efficiency in sugar mills. Proposed work is a case study on means of the main valve [7]. The valve placed in between
sugarcane industry and economics is worked out for advanced superheater and the turbine is for limiting the excess flow
cogeneration power system. In generally, different kinds of
level of steam to the turbine. The turbine converts steam
co-generation plants are available based on products in industry
and bagasse is derived from several types of the cogeneration energy into mechanical energy [8].
plant. By replacing low-efficiency mill turbines with hydraulic The turbine is coupled with the Turbo Alternator with
drives and DC motors, cogeneration power increases in sugar the help of couplings. The Turbo Alternator converts
mill to operate at high efficiency (65-70%). This replacement mechanical energy into electrical energy [9]. The generated
can aid increase of power to a grid, resulting in additional electrical energy is stepped up by using power transformer
revenue for sugar plant. The research evaluates the technical and feed to bus bar with various protection systems.
feasibility and economic viability of reconfiguring the sugar
industries towards cogeneration and also quantifies the
emissions from Bagasse cogeneration. The total electric power
that can be produced and fed to the national grid, the economic
issues and the issues of emissions.
Key Words — Bagasse, Boiler, Feed Water Heater,
Condenser, Turbine, Chimney, ID Fan, S.A Fan, F.D Fan.
I. INTRODUCTION
Fig.1 shows the line diagram of steam/thermal power
plant [1]. The fuel for a thermal power plant is coal/Bagasse.
The coal is pulverized in coal pulverization plant for required
sizes to feed in the boiler unit of steam/thermal power plant
[2]. The water in boiler gets heated once the coal/bagasse is
fired in the furnace. Gradually the water gets converted into
steam after heating it up to 4800C. The steam flows through
the superheater such that the moisture content in the steam
gets evaporated and turn into super saturated steam [3]. The
hot flue gas from the boiler is fed to superheater which
increases the temperature of the superheater and removes the
moisture content. The flue gas flowing through super heater
flows through economizer and air pre-heater. The main Fig. 1 Line Diagram of Steam Power Plant
function of the economizer is that it will increase the The 132KV power generated is sent to the nearest
temperature of the feed water by utilizing the heat from the substation. The exhaust steam from steam turbine is again
hot flue gases [4]. converted into water in the condenser and it is sent to the
The feed water is again sent to the boiler for cooling tower with the water from the river/pond, where the
conversion of steam [5]. The air pre-heater increases the water is cooled and sent to circulating water pump [10]. Again
temperature of the air supplied for coal burning by deriving the water is sent through condensate extraction pump to LP
heat from flue gases [6]. By preheating the air there will be an water heater and then to HP feedwater heater. Then the water
increase in thermal efficiency and increase in steam capacity
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Vol. 7 (2016) No.6, pp. 2226-2240
ISSN 2078-2365
is sent to economizer and from there it is circulated to boiler overall efficiency is increased and secondly, too much
[11]. This process repeats simultaneously. The ash in the condensation in the last stages of a turbine (which would
furnace is sent to ash handling plant where it is mixed in water cause blade corrosion) is avoided. The superheated steam
in order to stop the spreading of the ash in the air and it is sent from the superheater is fed to steam turbine through the main
to ash storage plant. The electrostatic precipitator collects the valve. The Superheater is used to increase the temperature of
dust from the furnace and sends the exhaust gases through a saturated steam without raising its pressure and it is placed on
chimney. the hot flue gases path in the furnace.
C. Impulse – Reaction Turbine

II. COGENERATION PLANT ACCESSORIES
EQUIPMENT
A. Boiler
Fig. 3 Impulse – Reaction Turbine

Fig. 2 Babcock and Wilcox Boiler Fig.3 shows the impulse -reaction turbine. This type
The Babcock and Wilcox boiler is a water tube, of turbine is a combination of impulse and reaction turbine.
internally fired and natural water circulation boiler. The steam The total pressure drop of the steam from the boiler to
and water drum which is placed about 8Meter in length and condense pressure is divided into a number of stages as done
2Meter in diameter. It is inclined at an angle of 10° to 15° in pressure compounding and velocity obtained in each stage
from the normal position to promote water circulation. Fig.2 is also compounded. For a given pressure drop, this type of
shows the Babcock and Wilcox boiler, Coal is fed to the grate turbines is designed in compact sizes. The dry and
through the fire door and is burnt. The hot flue gases rise superheated steam from the superheater is fed to the steam
upward and pass across the left side portion of the water tubes. turbine through the main valve. The heat energy of steam
The baffles are used to deflect the hot gases in the zigzag when passing over the blades of a turbine is converted into
manner and for an upward and downward direction of the flue mechanical energy. After giving heat energy to the turbine,
gases movement over the water tubes along with superheater. the steam is exhausted to the condenser which condenses the
The part of the water tubes which is just above the furnace is exhausted steam by means of cold water circulation.
heated to a higher temperature so that the water density is
D. Alternator
decreased. Due to a decrease in density, the water rises into
the drum through the uptake header. In this position, the water
and steam are separated in the drum. In fact, the steam is
having lighter weight compared to water. So it is collected in
the upper parts of the drum. The circulation of water is
obtained by convective currents and it is known as natural
circulation. The steam is taken from the drum through a tube
to the superheater for superheating the steam. A damper is
fitted to regulate the flue gas outlet and the boiler is fitted with
necessary mountings.
B. Super Heater
The steam produced in the boiler is wet and is passed
through a superheater where it is dried and superheated (i.e..,
Fig. 4 Turbo Alternator
the steam temperature increased above that of boiling point of
water) by the flue gases on their way to the chimney. Fig.4 shows the turbo alternator. The steam turbine is
Superheating provides two principal benefits. Firstly, the coupled to an alternator. The alternator converts mechanical
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ISSN 2078-2365
energy of turbine into electrical energy. The electrical output without any change in the frequency. A power transformer is
from the alternator is delivered to the bus bars through used in a substation to step-up (or) step-down the voltage.
transformer, circuit breakers and isolators. Fig.6 shows the substation transformer which is installed
upon the length of rails fixed a concrete slabs having
E. Exciter foundation 1 to 1.5 m deep.
G. Lightning Arrester
Fig. 5 Exciter
Exciters are nothing but the D.C. generators. Its

main function is to supply DC power to the field system /
rotor. These are mounted on the same shaft of the Alternator. Fig. 7 Lightning Arrester
The capacity of the exciter is about 0.5% to 3% of the
alternator capacity. The exciter was a small DC generator The Fig.7 shows the substation lightning arrestors.
coupled to the same shaft as the rotor. Therefore, when the Lightning arrestors are the instrument that is used in the
rotor rotates this exciter produces the power for the incoming feeders so that to prevent the high voltage entering
electromagnet. Control of the exciter output is done by the main station. This high voltage is very dangerous to the
varying the field current of the exciter. This output from the instruments used in the substation. Even the instruments are
exciter then controls the magnetic field of the rotor to produce very costly, so to prevent any damage lightening arrestors are
a constant voltage output by the generator. This DC current used. The lightening arrestors do not let the lightning fall on
feeds to the rotor through slip rings as shown in Fig.5. the station. If some lightening occurs the arrestors pull the
lightning and ground it to the earth. In any
F. Power Transformer substation/generating station the main important is of
protection which is firstly done by these lightning arrestors.
The lightening arrestors are grounded to the earth so that it
can pull the lightning to the ground. The lightening arrestor
works with an angle of 30° to 45° making a cone.
H. Potential Transformer
Fig. 6 Power Transformer Fig. 8 Potential Transformer

The Fig.8 shows the substation potential
A transformer is a static device which transfers the transformer. There are two potential transformers used in the
electrical power or energy from one alternating current circuit bus connected both sides of the bus. The potential transformer
to another with the desired change in voltage or current and
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ISSN 2078-2365
uses a bus isolator to protect itself. The main use of this any extra voltage cannot enter the line. Thus an isolator is
transformer is to measure the voltage through the bus. This is used after the bus also for protection.
done so as to get the detail information of the voltage passing
through the bus to the instrument. There are two main K. Bus bar
functions in it
a. Measurement
b. Protection
I. Current Transformer
Fig. 11 Bus Bar
A bus-bar term is used for a bar (or) conductor carrying

an electric current to which many connections may be made as
shown in Fig.11.
Fig. 9 Current Transformer

L. Relay
Fig.9 shows current transformer. Current transformers

are basically used to take the readings of the currents entering
the substation. This transformer steps down the current from
800Amps to 1Amp. The current transformer works on the
principle of variable flux. This is done because we have no
instrument for measuring of such a large current. The main
use of this transformer is
a. Distance Protection
b. Backup Protection
c. Measurement
J. Isolator
Fig. 12 Relay Panel
Fig.12 shows a relay panel. A relay is a device which

detects the fault and initiates information to the circuit breaker
to isolate the detective element from the rest of the system.
M. SF6 Circuit Breaker

Fig.13 shows a sulphur hexafluoride circuit breaker.
The sulphur hexafluoride gas (SF6) is an electronegative gas
and has a strong tendency to absorb free electrons. The
contacts of the breaker are opened in a high-pressure flow of
sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas and an arc are struck between
them. The gas captures the conducting free electrons in the arc
Fig. 10 Isolator to form relatively immobile negative ions. This loss of
Fig.10 shows isolator, the use of this isolator is to conducting electrons in the arc quickly builds up enough
protect the transformer and the other instrument in the line. insulation strength to extinguish the arc. The sulphur
The isolator isolates the extra voltage to the ground and thus
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ISSN 2078-2365
hexafluoride (SF6) circuit breakers have been found to be very

effective for high power and high voltage service. Over current relay R
Over current relay y
Over current relay B
Neutral displacement relay
Overvoltage relay
Under voltage relay
Buchholz trip relay
Winding temperature trip relay
Oil temperature trip relay
Oil surge trip relay
PRD alarm
MOG alarm
Buchholz alarm relay
Winding temperature alarm
Oil temperature alarm
LV master trip relay
HV master trip relay
Fig. 13 Sulphur Hexafluoride Circuit Breaker
Trip relay coils supervision relay
11KV Tie CB coil supervision relay
III. PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS 132KV CB trip coil-1 supervision relay
A. Alternator Protection 132KV CB trip coil-2
PRD trip relay
The protections that are used in a thermal power plant
for a generator or alternator are as follows,
Differential protection IV. STANDARDS TO GENERATE POWER IN SUGAR
Reverse power protection MILL BY USING BAGASSE/COAL
Over frequency protection As per the industrial records, some of the standard
Stand by earth fault values are mentioned below,
Loss of excitation protection without u/v If one tonne of bagasse is burnt 2.2 tonne of steam is
Loss of excitation protection with u/v produced.
MET protection PT fuse fail generator negative PH If one tonne of coal is burnt 4 tonne of steam is
sequence-1 produced as per the calorific value of coal.
Generator negative PH sequence-2 To generate 1MW of power 4 tonne of steam is
Under Frequency protection-1 required.
Under Frequency protection-2 To generate 20MW of power 80 tonne of steam is
Voltage restraint o/c relay required.
Generator over voltage protection-1 The boiler used for steam production is Thermal
Generator over voltage protection-2 Babcock and Wilcox Boiler with an operating
Generator under voltage protection capacity of 80 TPH, the pressure of 67 ATA, the
Overload protection temperature of 487±50C.
AVR PT fuses fail If one tonne of a cane is crushed 300Kg of bagasse is
Emergency trip produced.
GRP self-test fail In a day to generate 20MW of power 50 tonne of
GRP power supply fail de-mineralized water is used.
Over fuse protection To generate 1MW of power 6.55 tonne of water is
Class-A trip required.
Direction sensitive E/F trip To generate 20MW of power 131 tonne of water is
MIT overload relay required.
The moisture content in the bagasse must be from 490
B. 132KV Switch Yard Protections to 550C.
VT fuse fails relay
Standby earth fault
V. VARIOUS PARAMETERS OF STEAM TURBINE

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ISSN 2078-2365
S.NO TURBINE PARAMETERS UNITS 6:00 AM 7:00AM

1. TURBINE LOAD MW 11.1 11.2
2. TURBINE SPEED RPM 7122 7167
3. INLET STEAM PRESSURE KG/CM2 63 62
4. INLET STEAM TEMPERATURE °C 477 476
5. INLET STEAM FLOW TPH 71 72
6. AFTER FIRST STAGE STEAM PRESSURE KG/CM2 32 33
7. HP EXTRACTION STEAM PRESSURE KG/CM2 7.0 6.9
8. HP EXTRACTION STEAM TEMPERATURE °C 235 230
9. HP EXTRACTION STEAM FLOW TPH 8.4 8.6
10. LP EXTRACTION STEAM PRESSURE KG/CM2 1.02 1.01
11. LP EXTRACTION STEAM TEMPERATURE °C 125 124
12. LP EXTRACTION STEAM FLOW TPH 60 63
13. AUXILIARY STEAM PRESSURE KG/CM2 9.9 9.9
14. AUXILIARY STEAM TEMPERATURE °C 431 432
15. SEALING STEAM PRESSURE KG/CM2 0.05 0.05
16. SEALING STEAM TEMPERATURE °C 245 245
17. EXHAUST STEAM PRESSURE KG/CM2 -0.93 -0.93
18. EXHAUST STEAM TEMPERATURE °C 43 43
19. CONDENSATE FLOW TPH 4 6
20. HP VALVE DEMAND % 69 70
21. HP VALVE POSITION MM 27 27
22. LP VALVE DEMAND % 30 29
23. LP VALVE POSITION MM 7/5 7/5
24. CONTROL OIL PRESSURE KG/CM2 9.5 9.6
25. LUBE OIL PRESSURE KG/CM2 1.9 1.9
26. DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ACROSS FILTERS KG/CM2 0.45 0.45
27. OIL COOLER OIL INLET TEMPERATURE °C 58 58
28. OIL COOLER OIL OUTLET TEMPERATURE °C 42 42
29. CONDENSER CW INLET PRESSURE KG/CM2 0.80 0.80
30. CONDENSER CW OUTLET PRESSURE KG/CM2 0.65 0.65
31. CONDENSER COOLING INLET TEMPERATURE °C 32 32
32. CONDENSER COOLING OUTLET TEMPERATURE °C 35 35
33. OIL COOLER COOLING WATER INLET TEMPERATURE °C 32 32
34. OIL COOLER WATER OUTLET TEMPERATURE °C 35 35
35. MAIN OIL TANK LEVEL MM N N
36. OIL OVERHEAD TANK OVERFLOW YES/NO Y Y
37. LUBE OIL SUPPLY PRESSURE AT TURBINE THRUST BEARING KG/CM2 0.45 0.45
38. LUBE OIL RETURN TEMPERATURE AT TURBINE THRUST °C 54 54
BEARING
39. LUBE OIL RETURN TEMPERATURE AT TURBINE FRONT °C 55 55
BEARING
40. LUBE OIL SUPPLY PRESSURE AT TURBINE FRONT BEARING KG/CM2 0.95 0.95
41. LUBE OIL SUPPLY PRESS. AT TURBINE REAR BEARING KG/CM2 0.69 0.69
42. LUBE OIL SUPPLY PRESSURE AT GEAR BOX KG/CM2 1.18 1.18
43. LUBE OIL SUPPLY PRESSURE AT GENERATOR FRONT KG/CM2 0.69 0.69
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ISSN 2078-2365
BEARING
44. LUBE OIL SUPPLY PRESSURE AT GENERATOR REAR KG/CM2 0.63 0.63
BEARING
45. LUBE OIL RETURN TEMPERATURE AT TURBINE REAR °C 60 60
BEARING
46. LUBE OIL RETURN TEMPERATURE AT GEN GEAR BOX °C 51 51
47. LUBE OIL RETURN TEMPERATURE AT GENERATOR FRONT °C 50 50
BEARING
48. LUBE OIL RETURN TEMPERATURE AT GENERATOR REAR °C 46 46
BEARING
49. TURBINE THRUST BEARING TEMPERATURE (ACTIVE) (A) °C 54 54
50. TURBINE THRUST BEARING TEMPERATURE (ACTIVE) (D) °C 54 54
51. TURBINE FRONT BEARING TEMPERATURE (F) °C 87 87
52. TURBINE REAR BEARING TEMPERATURE (I) °C 69 69
53. GEAR PINION FRONT BEARING TEMPERATURE (K) °C 80 80
54. GEAR PINION REAR BEARING TEMPERATURE (J) °C 87 87
55. GEAR PINION WHEEL FRONT BEARING TEMPERATURE (M) °C 67 67
56. GEAR PINION WHEEL REAR BEARING TEMPERATURE (W) °C 63 64
57. GENERATOR FRONT BEARING TEMPERATURE (P) °C 60 60
58. GENERATOR REAR BEARING TEMPERATURE (Q) °C 57 57
59. HOT WELL TEMPERATURE °C 43 43
60. HOT WELL LEVEL % 33 32
61. CONDENSER VACUUM KG/CM2 -0.93 -0.93
62. CEP SUCTION PRESSURE KG/CM2 -0.82 -0.82
63. CEP DISCHARGE PRESSURE KG/CM2 7.6 7.6
64. CONDENSATE TEMPERATURE BEFORE EJECTOR °C 42 42
65. CONDENSATE TEMPERATURE AFTER EJECTOR °C 58 58
66. CONDENSATE BEFORE GLAND STEAM CONDENSER °C 55 55
67. CONDENSATE TEMPERATURE AFTER GLAND STEAM °C - -
CONDENSER
68. GENERATOR AIR COOLER WATER INLET TEMPERATURE °C 32 32
69. GENERATOR AIR COOLER WATER OUTLET TEMPERATURE °C 34 34
70. AXIAL DISPLACEMENT MM 0.22/0.26 0.25/0.26
71. TURBINE FRONT SHAFT VIBRATION MICRONS 65/75 66/73
72. TURBINE REAR SHAFT VIBRATION MICRONS 27/35 28/35
73. GEAR PINION SHAFT VIBRATION (HSS) MICRONS 22/33 28/31
74. GEAR WHEEL SHAFT VIBRATION (LSS) MICRONS 18/19 16/18
75. GENERATOR FRONT SHAFT VIBRATION MICRONS 33/25 37/26
76. GENERATOR REAR SHAFT VIBRATION MICRONS 24/33 21/35
2
77. HP SECONDARY OIL PRESSURE KG/CM 3.0 3.0
78. LP SECONDARY OIL PRESSURE KG/CM2 2.6 2.6
VI. CONCLUSION using this type of plants we save natural resources like coal,
Bagasse otherwise a refuse, if used as cogeneration water because the byproduct of sugar cane i.e., bagasse is
fuel is proved to have been technically feasible, economically used as raw material for combustion. By erecting the plant as
viable for the competitive industrial environment of sugar per the design it results in the reduction of atmospheric
industries, environmentally friendly because of greenhouse pollution and increases the power generation and the
neutral emissions and acceptable regarding social matters. By efficiency of the plant increases. By these designs, the step by
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ISSN 2078-2365
step process of power generation will be in a progressive level [6] G.Prasad, E.Swidenbank, B.W.Hong, “A Novel Performance
Monitoring Strategy for Economical Thermal Power Plant Operation”,
such that interruption in power generation will not happen
IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 14, No. 3, September
and fault identification and rectification will be easy for any 1999, PP. 802-809.
working individual. [7] S.P.Nangare, R.S.Kulkarni, “Theoretical Analysis of Energy
Utilization Measures through Energy Audit in sugar industry Power
Plant”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and
Studies, Vol. 1, Issue 3, April – June 2012, PP. 168-171.
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(IEEJ), Vol. 6 (2015), No. 7, PP. 1973-1987. [9] Samir Ansari, Vikash Kumar, Arindam Ghosal, “A Review on Power
[2] M.Premalatha, S.Shanmuga Priya, V.Sivaramakrishna, “Efficient Generation in Thermal Power Plant for Maximum Efficiency”,
Cogeneration scheme for sugar industry”, Journal of Scientific & International Journal of Advanced Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 4,
Industrial Research, Vol. 67, March 2008, PP. 239-242. No. 1 (2014), PP. 1-8.
[3] G.V.Pradeep Varma, T.Srinivas, “Design and analysis of a [10] C.Dinakaran, “Implementation of Shunt and Series FACTS Devices
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[4] Francesco Fantozzi, Sandro Diaconi Ferico, Umberto Desideri, “Study [11] M.S.Krishnarayalu, “Unit Commitment with economic load
of a cogeneration plant for agro-food industry”, Applied Thermal dispatch”, International Electrical Engineering Journal (IEEJ), Vol. 6
Engineering, Vol. 20 (2000), PP. 993-1017. (2015), No. 5, PP. 1913-1916.
[5] Domenico Panno, Antonio Messineo, Antonella Dispenza,
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(2007), PP. 746-754.
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APPENDIX
TYPES OF EQUIPMENT USED IN COGENERATION PLANT
AVR PANEL:
SL.NO : S30381
MAKE : BHEL
NOMINAL OUTPUT : 7.12 A, 78.4 V
CEILING OUTPUT : 11.27 A, 150 V
LOAD : EXCITER HELP
COOLING : AN
MAXIMUM AMBIENT : 50°C
AUXILIARY DC SUPPLY : 1100
AUXILIARY AC SUPPLY : 415 V, 3 PHASE, 50HZ
NEUTRAL GROUNDING RESISTORS:

MAKE : NATIONAL SWITCH GEARS, CHENNAI-98
SYSTEM VOLTAGE : 125 KV, AC, 50HZ
FAULT CURRENT : 100 A
DURATION : 30 SECOND
TOTAL RESISTANCE : 63.5 OHMS
ELEMENT MAT./TYPE : COIL WOUND / PUNCHED
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE : 50°C
TEMPERATURE RISE : 25°C
SL.NO./YEAR OF MFG. : NGR/T/38/2000
REFERENCE DRG. : NGP-3-1868
ESP ELECTRONIC CONTROLLER-1:

MODEL : ADOR CORONA
MAKE : ADOR POWERTRON LTD., PUNE
SL.NO. : 0796-01-03-2001
RATED INPUT VOLTAGE : 415 V, AC, 50 HZ
RATED INPUT CURRENT : 120 A
RATED OUTPUT VOLTAGE : 95 KV (PEAK) DC
RATED OUTPUT CURRENT : 500 MA DC
ESP ELECTRONIC CONTROLLER-2:

MODEL : ADOR CORONA
MAKE : ADOR POWERTRON LTD., PUNE
SL.NO. : 0795-01-03-2001
RATED INPUT VOLTAGE : 415 V, AC, 50 HZ
RATED INPUT CURRENT : 120 A
RATED OUTPUT VOLTAGE : 95 KV (PEAK) DC
RATED OUTPUT CURRENT : 500 MA DC
FLOAT CUM BOOST BATTERY CHARGER-1:

TYPE : 110TP150
INPUT : 415 V, AC,50 HZ
OUTPUT : 110 V,150 A, AC
SL.NO. : 2037-1195
MANUFACTURING : JUNE 2001
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FLOAT CUM BOOST BATTERY CHARGER-2:

TYPE : 110TP150
INPUT : 415 V, AC,50 HZ
OUTPUT : 110 V,150 A, AC
SL.NO. : 2038-1195
MANUFACTURING : JUNE 2001
INCOMER FROM STG FEEDER: (VCB)

VOLTAGE : 11 KV
FREQUENCY : 50 HZ
CIRCUIT CURRENT : 2000 A
BUS BAR CURRENT : 2000 A
TYPE : VM12
SL.NO. : BP9055146
MAKE : BHEL, BHOPAL
SPEC. : IS3427 / IEC 298
TO GENERATOR TRANSFORMER FEEDER: (VCB)

VOLTAGE : 11 KV
FREQUENCY : 50 HZ
CIRCUIT CURRENT : 2000 A
BUS BAR CURRENT : 2000 A
TYPE : VM12
SL.NO. : BP9055145
MAKE : BHEL, BHOPAL
SPEC. : IS3427 / IEC 298
TURBO GENERATOR:
MAKE : BHEL, HYDERABAD
DRIVE : ST
KVA : 25500
KW : 20400
POWER FACTOR LAG : 0.8
FREQUENCY : 50
RPM : 1500
PHASE : 3 AC
CONNECTION : STAR
STATOR VOLTS : 11000
STATOR AMPS : 1338
ROTOR VOLTS : 93
ROTOR AMPS : 838
AMBIENT AIR : 39°C
COOLING : CACW
DUTY : CONT.
ALTITUDE : <1000M
TOTAL WEIGHT : -
OVER SPEED : 10%
GAS PRESSURE : NA
WINDING INSULATION : CLASS F
STANDARD : IEC - 34, IS : 4722
TYPE : TA11 1240 12P - 15
PROTECTION : IP- 54
SL.NO. : 1408
YEAR : 2001
BRUSHLESS EXCITER:
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MAKE : BHEL
TYPE : EAR 80/9 -15/16 - 217
INSULATION CLASS : F
SL.NO. : 10558
YEAR : 2001
STANDARD NO. : IS : 4722
KW : 94
CONT. VOLTS : 102
CONT. AMPS : 922
RPM : 1500
EXCITATION W : 544
EXCITATION V : 77.41
EXCITATION A : 7.03
PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR:

MAKE : BHEL
TYPE : EAP11/ 16-15/6
KVA : 1.5
VOLTAGE : 220
AMPS : 3.94
FREQUENCY : 75 HZ, 3 PHASE
RPM : 1500
UPS PANEL-1:
CAPACITY : 15 KVA
INPUT : 415 V, 50 HZ
OUTPUT : 230 V
MAKE : HI - REC
SL.NO. : 01082296
ISOLATOR WITH EARTH SWITCH DEVELOPER ENDMAIN SWITCH:

MAKE : VERSATECK, HYDERABAD
VOLTS : 132 KV
AMPS. : 1250 AMPS
SL.NO. : 673
EARTH SWITCH:
MAKE : VERSATECK, HYDERABAD
VOLTS : 132 KV
AMPS : 1250 AMPS
SL.NO. : 671
R-PHASE CURRENT TRANSFORMER- DEVELOPER END:

CURRENT RATIO : 250 - 125/ 1-1-1 AMPS
FREQUENCY : 50 HZ
HSV : 145 KV
INSULATION CLASS : 275 KV RMS / 650 KV (PEAK)
SHORT TIME CURRENT : 31.5 KA FOR 1 SEC
QUANTITY OF OIL : 105 Ltrs.(APPROXIMATELY)
TOTAL WEIGHT : 290 Kg
TOTAL GREEPAGE DISTANCE : 3625mm (MINIMUM )
STANDARD : IS: 2705 (1992)
MAKE : ITC
SL.NO. : 9058-07
CORE SEC. PRL RATIO BURDE CLASS RCT/N VK IX MA
2236
Vol. 7 (2016) No.6, pp. 2226-2240
ISSN 2078-2365
CONN. CONN. AMPS N OHMS VOLTS VK /2

1 1S1-1S2 P1-P2 125/1 - PS <=2.5 120(RC 30 MA
1S1-1S3 P1-P2 250/1 - PS <=5 T+2)
2 2S1-2S2 P1-P2 125/1 20VA 5P20 - - -
2S1-2S3 P1-P2 250/1 20VA 5P20 - - -
3 3S1-3S2 P1-P2 125/1 20VA 0.2 - - -
3S1-3S3 P1-P2 250/1 20VA 0.2 - - -
SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER DEVELOPER END:

MAKE : ALSTOM
SL.NO. : 031110
RATED VOLTS : 145 KV
NORMAL CURRENT : 3150 A
FREQUENCY : 50 HZ
LIGHTING IMPULSE WITHSTAND VOLTAGE : 650 KV (PEAK)
FIRST POLE CLEAR FACTOR : 1.5
SHORT TIME WITHSTAND CURRENT : 31.5 KA
DURATION OF SHORT CURRENT : 3 Sec
SHORT CIRCUIT BREAKING CURRENT
SYMMETEICAL : 31.5 KA
ASYMMETRICAL : 37.2 KA
SC MAKING CURRENT : 80 KA(PEAK)
OUT OF PHASE BREAKING CURRENT : 0-0.35-CO-3 MIN - CO
OPERATING SEQUENCE : 6.3 BAR
SF6 GAS PRESSURE AT 20°C, 1013npa : 8.7 Kg
TOTAL MASS OF SF6 GAS : 1300 Kg
TOTAL MASS OF BREAKER :
REF. STD. : IEC – 56
YEAR : 2002
TYPE : FAF1 – 2
TRIP COIL : 110 V, DC
CLOSE COIL : 110 V, DC
MOTOR : 230 V, 50 HZ, AC
HEATER : 230 V,50 HZ, AC
OUTDOOR VACCUM CIRCUIT BREAKER:

MAKE : ALSTOM
TYPE : PCOB – 15
SL.NO. : 13127 / P1
VOLTS : 12 KV
BREAKING CAPACITY : 25 KVA
PHASE : 3
FREQUENCY : 50 HZ
MAKING CAPACITY : 62 KA (PEAK )
SHORT TIME RATING : 25 KA
SHUNT TRIP : 110 V DC
CLOSE : 110 V DC
MOTOR SUPPLY : 230 V AC
MECH. M : SPMX - 500 FORM
MONTH / YEAR : 05 / 02
2237
Vol. 7 (2016) No.6, pp. 2226-2240
ISSN 2078-2365
25MVA POWER TRANSFORMER:

TYPE OF COOLING : ONAN
RATED POWER LV & HV : 25 MVA
RATED VOLTS
HV : 132 KV
LV : 11 KV
RATED LINE AMPS
HV : 109.5 A
LV : 13137 A
NUMBER OF PHASE : 3
MAXIMUM TEMP. RAISE OVER ON
AMBIENT OF 50°C
TOP OF OIL : 50°C
AVERAGE WINDING : 55°C
IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE
TAP 1 : 10.94%
TAP 9 : 10.28%
TAP 25 : 9.63%
MAKERS SL.NO. : B – 29622
REF. NO. : T – 6496
TYPE : DOUBLE
WOUND
VECTOR GROUP : YNd1
FREQUENCY : 50 HZ
INSULATION
HV SIDE KV : L1650AC275
LV SIDE KV : L175AC28
HVN KV : AC38
CORE AND COIL MASS : 29000 Kg
TANK AND FITTING MASS : 17000 Kg
MASS OF OIL : 14500 Kg
TOTAL MASS : 60500 Kg
TRANSPORT MASS(OIL FILLED) : 48000 Kg
DIAGARM DRG. NO. : A218223
YEAR : 2002
VOLUME OF OIL : 16800 Ltrs
25MVA POWER TRANSFORMER OLTC:

SL.NO : 5002696 / 2001
TYPE : MIII350 / 60 / B / 14273W
RESISTANCE : 4.3 OHMS
MAKE : BHEL
OLTC MOTOR:
VOLTS : 415 V
FREQUENCY : 50 HZ
KW : 1.1
CONTROL SUPPLY : 110 V, 50 HZ
POT : 1000 OHMS
2.5MVA DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER-1:

TYPE OF COOLING : ONAN
RATED POWER LV & HV : 2.5 MVA
RATED VOLTS
HV : 11 KV
2238
Vol. 7 (2016) No.6, pp. 2226-2240
ISSN 2078-2365
LV : 0.43 KV
RATED LINE AMPS
HV : 131.2 A
LV : 3333.4 A
NUMBER OF PHASE : 3
MAXIMUM TEMP. RAISE OVER ON
AMBIENT OF 50°C
TOP OF OIL : 50°C
AVERAGE WINDING : 55°C
IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE HV / LV : 6.793 %
MAKERS SL.NO. : D – 3262
REF. NO. : TIP – 1001
VECTOR GROUP : DYN11
FREQUENCY : 50 HZ
INSULATION
HV SIDE KV : L175AC28
LV SIDE KV : L1AC3
HVN KV : L1AC3
CORE AND COIL MASS : 3040 Kg
TANK AND FITTING MASS : 2300 Kg
MASS OF OIL : 1140 Kg
TOTAL MASS : 6500 Kg
TRANSPORT MASS(OIL FILLED) : 5200 Kg
DIAGARM DRG. NO. : A328614
VOLUME OF OIL : 1315 Ltrs
YEAR : 2002
WTICT:
RATIO : 3333 / 175 AMPS
BURDEN : 10 VA
ACC.CLASS : 3
NCT:
RATIO : 4000 / 1 A
ACC. CLASS : PS
Vk : > 500 V
IMAG : < 30 MA AT Vk / 2
RCT@75 : < 14 OHMS
ESP TRANSFORMER–1:
SL.NO. : 0796 - 01 - 03 - 2001
TYPE : ADOR KARONA
KVA : 49.8
AC INPUT VOLTAGE : 415 V
AC INPUT CURRENT : 120 A
AC OUTPUT VOLTAGE : 70731 V
AC OUTPUT CURRENT : 0.700 A
FREQUENCY : 58 HZ
PHASE : SINGLE PHASE
DC VOLTAGE (PEAK) : 95000 V
DC CURRENT : 500 MA
2239
Vol. 7 (2016) No.6, pp. 2226-2240
ISSN 2078-2365
ESP TRANSFORMER-2:
SL.NO. : 0795 - 01 - 03 – 2001
TYPE : ADOR KARONA
KVA : 49.8
AC INPUT VOLTAGE : 415 V
AC INPUT CURRENT : 120 A
AC OUTPUT VOLTAGE : 70731 V
AC OUTPUT CURRENT : 0.700 A
FREQUENCY : 58 HZ
PHASE : SINGLE PHASE
DC VOLTAGE (PEAK) : 95000 V
DC CURRENT : 500 MA
DISEL GENERATOR:
MAKE : CATTERPILLAR
SL.NO. : 9IRGS00058
RATING : 725 KVA
KW : 580
VOLT : 415
HZ : 50
POWER FACTOR : 0.8
R.P.M. : 1500
AMPS : 1009
DIRECTION OF ROTATION : CW
AMBIENT : 40°C
INSULATION CLASS : H
ENCL. TYPE : IP23
YEAR OF MFG. : 2002
SELF REGULATING BRUSHLESS ALTERNATOR:

TYPE : DSG 62M, NR 62 – 237
VOLT : 415
AMPS : 1009 A
CONST. : B24, B16 / B5
DUTY : S1
CAPACITY : 725 KVA
AMP : 40°C
P.F. : 0.8
ROTOR DIRECTION : CW
R.P.M. : 1500
HZ : 50
PHASE : 3
EXCITATION : 35 V
AMPS : 3.7
RIS DEGREE : N
INS. CLASS : H
ENCL. TYPE : IP23
AVR : LC1 / LC2
2240
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Study of A Cogeneration Plant in Sugar Mill by Using Bagasse As A Fuel

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Study of A Cogeneration Plant in Sugar Mill by Using Bagasse As A Fuel

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Study of a Cogeneration Plant in Sugar Mill by using Bagasse as a Fuel

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Study of a Cogeneration Plant in Sugar

C. Impulse – Reaction Turbine

Fig. 3 Impulse – Reaction Turbine

Exciters are nothing but the D.C. generators. Its

Fig. 6 Power Transformer Fig. 8 Potential Transformer

Fig. 11 Bus Bar

A bus-bar term is used for a bar (or) conductor carrying

Fig. 9 Current Transformer

Fig.9 shows current transformer. Current transformers

Fig. 12 Relay Panel

Fig.12 shows a relay panel. A relay is a device which

M. SF6 Circuit Breaker

hexafluoride (SF6) circuit breakers have been found to be very

V. VARIOUS PARAMETERS OF STEAM TURBINE

S.NO TURBINE PARAMETERS UNITS 6:00 AM 7:00AM

NEUTRAL GROUNDING RESISTORS:

ESP ELECTRONIC CONTROLLER-1:

ESP ELECTRONIC CONTROLLER-2:

FLOAT CUM BOOST BATTERY CHARGER-1:

FLOAT CUM BOOST BATTERY CHARGER-2:

INCOMER FROM STG FEEDER: (VCB)

TO GENERATOR TRANSFORMER FEEDER: (VCB)

PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR:

ISOLATOR WITH EARTH SWITCH DEVELOPER ENDMAIN SWITCH:

R-PHASE CURRENT TRANSFORMER- DEVELOPER END:

CONN. CONN. AMPS N OHMS VOLTS VK /2

SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER DEVELOPER END:

OUTDOOR VACCUM CIRCUIT BREAKER:

25MVA POWER TRANSFORMER:

25MVA POWER TRANSFORMER OLTC:

2.5MVA DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER-1:

SELF REGULATING BRUSHLESS ALTERNATOR:

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