LAHORE CSS ACADEMY

13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore

0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

Algebraic Expression
All expressions that connect variables, constants (coefficients) etc by algebraic operations of
addition, subtraction multiplication and division are called algebraic expressions for example,
2 xy  y, y3  y9 , z3 – 5ab, c  d  4, 3a 2 xy etc. Consider a term 3a 2 xy , has following parts.
Coefficient
The number part of this term i.e. –3 is called coefficient.
Variable
A number or quantity that increases or decreases over time or take different values in different
situations are called variables. ‘a’, ‘x’ and ‘y’ are three distinct variables. Variables have values,
which are numbers associated to these variables. We use these values instead of variables while
solving these expressions.
Power or Exponent
An expression that represents repeated multiplication of the same factor is called Power or
Exponent. i.e.in 3a 2 xy,2 is power of a.
Constants
All numbers (powers, coefficients) are called constants as they have a fixed value.
Algebraic Term
An algebraic expression is a combination of algebraic terms joined by mathematical operations ‘+’ or
‘–‘. Thus parts of an algebraic expression separated by ‘+’ or ‘–’ sign are algebraic terms or simply
terms. For example, in expression z 3  5ab  3ab  cd there are four terms  z 3 ,5ab,3ab and cd  . An
algebraic term is actually a product of variables and constants. Thus 5ab actually means 5  a  b . In
algebra normally ‘  ’ symbol is not used.
Like Terms
The algebraic terms having exactly same variables and exponents are called like terms. They can differ
only in their coefficients. For example: 5a 2b and 3a 2b are like terms whereas a 2b and b 2 a are not.
Bodmas
The order of precedence of operations for algebraic expression is same as that for numbers i.e.
bracket, of, exponent, division, multiplication, addition, and subtraction.
Addition
In addition of algebraic expressions, like terms of both expressions will be combined and thus
the result will be an algebraic expression of unlike terms and resultant combined terms for
example:
5 x 2  10 x  7  3 x 2  4 x  2  8 x 2  6 x  5.
Lahore CSS Academy
 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

Similarly,
 2a  3a    4a
2 2
 4a  8  7a 2  2a  8.
Subtraction
In subtraction the signs of all the terms of expression that is to be subtracted are inverted i.e. ‘+’
to ‘–’ and ‘–‘ to ‘+’ then the expressions are added as stated above. For example:
 2a  3a 2
 4  –  4a 2  a  8   2a  3a 2  4    4a 2  a  8   a 2  3a – 12
Similarly,
b  4   b2  ab  4a   b  4  b2  ab  4a   b2  b  ab  4a  4
Multiplication
In multiplication of two expressions, multiply all terms of first with all terms of other one by
one. Combine like terms of the resultant terms generated by above multiplication and then finally
write all these terms as an expression. For example, if 4a 2 is multiplied with –2ab then result
will be –8a 3b .
Example:  2h  4  h  2h2  h3 
 2h  h  2h2  h3  – 4  h  2h2  h3 
 2 h 2  4 h 3  2 h 4  4 h  8h 2  4 h 3
 2h 4  6h 2  4h
KEY FACTS:
 If two like terms to be combined have coefficients that are additive inverse of each other then
they are cancelled and result is zero only.
 Since algebraic expressions can be multiplied they can be squared, cubed or raised to any
power.
 The order in which we multiply algebraic expressions does not matter. It means
 a  b  ab  ba    ab  ba  a  b .
 The only like algebraic terms can be combined.
Factors
If an algebraic expression is a product of other algebraic expressions then these expressions are
called factors of the original expression for example, If 15a 2b  10ab  5ab  3a  2 then 5ab
and 3a  2 are the factors of 15a 2b  10ab. Similarly, 3h3  9hy  3h  h2  3 y  has factors
3h and h 2  3 y .
Lahore CSS Academy
 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

Division of Algebraic Expressions

First of all let us check how individual algebraic terms are divided consider  9 x 2 y    3xz  .
Step 1 Divide coefficients 9  3  3.
1
Step 2 In algebra n
 x  n . So use this rule to combine common variables:
x
x2
 x 2 .x 1  x
x
Step 3 No operation will be performed on variables that are not common. Hence answer will be
. Similarly, 8a 2bc2    4ac 2   2ab.
3xy
z
There are two ways to divide algebraic expressions. Any one of them can be used
according to the nature of the problem.
Method 1
( ax n  by a  cz q )
If division is of the shape where a , b, c, d , n, a , p, q are any numbers and x, y, z
dw p
and w are any variables. In such situations keep in mind that
( ax n  by a  cz q ) ax n by a cz q
  
dw p dw p dw p dw p
Now these terms can be divided individually and their answers can be summed up to get the
required result. This method is useful only if denominator is a single term.
Example:
2
y2
 9 x  4 xy  y    x   9xx  4 xxy  yx
2
 9  4y 
x
Method 2
In this case we use long division; long division is very similar to division of numbers for
example, 15 x 2  2 x  4    3x  1 . In this method consider the left most terms of both
expressions i.e. 15x 2 and 3x . The quotient of this division is 5x hence multiply 3x  1 with 5x
subtract this expression 15 x 2  5 x  from 15 x 2  2 x  4  which results 7 x  4 . Now repeat the
same procedure with 3x  1 and 7 x  4 until you have term with less powers of x than in 3x  1
7 5
Hence we have quotient 5 x  and remainder .
3 3
Value of a Variable

Lahore CSS Academy

 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

All variables have some numeric value. Variables are used for unknown values in problem and
after performing some operation we have some values for these variables, which is actually the
value of the unknown. We can find out the value of an algebraic expression by placing the value

of each variable for example, to find the value of expression

 5a  9b  8c  such that
a  b  c
a  2, b  3 and c  5
(5a  9b  8c ) [5(2)  9(3)  8(5)] (10  27  40) 77
    7.7
(a  b  c) (2  3  5) 10 10
Example:
c5
value of when a=2, b=3 and c=4 is
ab 3
c5 45 1024 1024 512
= = = =
ab 3
2(3) 3
(2  27) 54 27
KEY FACTS:
 If an expression has n variables and value of expression and n  1 variables is known then
value of each variable can be calculated
Example: Find c if 2a 2c  32 and a = 2
2a 2c  32
2  2  c  32
2

8c  32  c  4

POLYNOMIALS AND FACTORIZATION

Polynomial
A polynomial is an expression that is sum of two or more monomials. For example:
2 x 2  3, 2 x 3  3, 3x 2  7, x 2  5 x  1, x 2 y 2 etc. Thus polynomials are algebraic expressions in
which variables only have positive integers or zero as exponents.
Monomial
An algebraic expression that has only one term is called monomial.
For example, 3, y, 5 x 3 ,  4 xy z , a 3b2 etc.

Lahore CSS Academy

 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

Binomial
A polynomial having only two terms is called binomial.
For example  x 2  y 2 , 2 x 3  3 and 3 x 2  7 etc.

Trinomials
Polynomials with three terms are called trinomials, for example x 2  5 x  1, 5 x 2  10 x  7 and
3 x 2  4 x  2 etc.
Operations on Polynomials
The behavior of polynomials is same as that of normal algebraic expressions while performing
mathematical operation ‘+’ ‘–’ ‘×’ and ‘÷’ etc.
Degree of The Polynomials
Degree of any polynomial is the highest power of the variable involved. e.g. degree of
3 x 2  9 x 3  2 x is 3.
Factorization
The process of converting an algebraic expression to its factors is called factorization. There are
many techniques of factorization.
ALGEBRAIC TOPICS
Indices

An index number is a number, which is raised to a power. The power is known as index. Index
tells us how many times we have to multiply the number by itself.

Example: 25 means we have to multiply 2 by itself five times 25  2  2  2  2  2  32 So, in

this example 5 is the index.

Now,

If a3  a  a  a

Then a 2  a3   a  a    a  a  a   a5

Thus
Lahore CSS Academy
 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

(1). a n  a m  a nm

(2). a n  a m  a nm

(3). a 
n m
 a nm

These three identities form the basic laws of indices:

From (2)

a 3  a 5  a 2

But

(a  a  a ) 1
a3  a5   2
(a  a  a  a  a ) a

Hence

1
a 2 means
a2
In general
1
a n 
an

From (2)

a3  a3  a0

a3
But 3  1
a

Therefore

a0  1
Now from (1)
1 1
a1 may be written as a 2  a 2
Lahore CSS Academy
 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

1 1
i.e. a1  a 2  a 2
1
So a 2  a

Similarly
1 1 1 1 1
a1  a 5  a 5  a 5  a 5  a 5
1
a5  5 a

In general
1
a na
n

also
3 1 1 1 3
a  a  a  a = a  4 a3
4 4 4 4 4

In general
n
a m  m an
Example:

 12 12 
t  t 
Simplify  3 
t2
Solution:

 12 12 
t  t  1
1 3
Here,   2t 2 –
 3  2t 2 2  2t 1 
2
3
t
t2 t2
Surds

Lahore CSS Academy

 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

Such expressions as 2, 3, 5 cannot be written as numerically exact quantities. Such numbers

are called irrational and also surds.

Example: Express 48 in the simplest possible surd.

48 = (16  3) = 4 3
Exponential Functions
An exponential function has the form f  x   a x .
Here a  0, a  1 . The constant ‘a’ is called base and the independent variable x may assume any
real value. The best way to understand exponential function is to sketch their graph.
Properties of Exponential Function
(i) The graph of f  x   a x always passes through the point (0,1) since a 0  1
(ii) If f  x   a x then for a > 1 f is an increasing function and for 0 < a < 1 f is a decreasing
function.
Note:
(i) If a u  a v
then u  v
(ii) If a u  b u
Then a  b
Example: Solve for x
310  35 x
10 = 5x
x=2
Absolute Value
The absolute value of a number x, denoted by |x|, is defined by the formula
x for x  0 
x 
 x for x  0 
Note:
(i) |x| > 0 for every x
(ii) |x| = 0 iff x = 0

Lahore CSS Academy

 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

Absolute Value Property

(i) A number and its negative have the same absolute value a  a .
(ii) The absolute value of a product is the product of the absolute values ab  a b
a a
(iii) The absolute value of a quotient is the quotient of the absolute value 
b b
(iv) The triangle inequality. The absolute value of the sum of two numbers is less than or
(v) equal to the sum of their absolute values a  b  a  b

Exercise
(1) Which of the following is the value of the function x3+2x+5 at x=2.
(a) 15 (b) 17 (c) 18 (d) 19 (e) 20
(2) 7n2 – 7n + 5 – (3n + 7n2) =
(a) 5+10n (b) 10n-5 (c) –10n+5 (d) 45-10n (e) 30+n
(3) If a = 3, b = -1, c = 2, which of the following is true?
I. a+b+c = 4
II. 3a + 5b = 4
III. 2c-5a = 6
(a) I only (b) II only (c) I and III (d) I and II (e) III only
(7x-49)
(4) . .=?
(x-7)
(a) x-7 (b) x (c) 7 (d) 7x (e) 49
(5) 4x2+16x+36 is equivalent to?
(a) 4(x2+4x+4) (b) 4(x+4)(x+4) (c) 4x(x+4+9)
(d) 4(x2+4x+9) (e) 4(x2+6x+9)
8 6 40
(6) What is the value of + × where Z=2
Z Z Z
(a) 27 (b) 32 (c) 40 (d) 60 (e) 64
(7) (a+b)2 + (b+c)2 =
Lahore CSS Academy
 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

(a) a2 + 2b2 + 2ab + c2 + 2bc (b) a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc

(c) a2 - b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc (d) 2a2+2b2+2c2+ab+bc (e) none
(ab  (a+b))
(8) =? If a = 1, b = 2.
1 1
( + )
a b
3 8 11 8 9
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
8 4 8 2 2
9 7
(9) If = , then what is the value of a
a a2
7 9
(a) (b) (c) 7 (d) 9 (e) 63
9 7
(10) If b = -3 and a = 2, then a2+b2+2ab= ?
(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) -7 (d) 6 (e) 7
(11) If a × 51 × 48 × 54 = 16 × 17 × 18, then a =
1 1
(a) (b) (c) 25 (d) 27 (e) 500
27 250
(x 2 yz + xy2 z + xyz 2 )
(12)
xyz
(x+y+z)
(a) xy+xy+yz (b) xy+yz+zx (c) x+y+z (d) x2+y2+z2 (e)
xyz
(13) If x² - y² = 55, and x - y = 11, then y =
(a) 8 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) – 8 (e) – 3
(14) If x=5, y=4, z=3, then which of the following is true?
I. x+y+z = 11
II. x+y-z = -6
III. x+y+z = 12
IV. –x+y-z = -4
(a) I and II (b) III and IV (c) I and III (d) All (e) None

Lahore CSS Academy

 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

(12a 2 -144a)
(15) =?
(a-12)
(a) 12a (b) 12a2 (c) 11a (d) 144aa (e) None
9 21 36
(16) What is the value of +  where a = 3
a a a
(a) 80 (b) 120 (c) 100 (d) 87 (e) 252
(17) If f(x) = │(x² – 50)│, what is the value of f(-5) ?
(a) 75 (b) 25 (c) 0 (d) – 25 (e) – 75
(18) If 17–m= 12–n, then m–n=?
(a) 5 (b) –5 (c) 4 (d) 3 (e) None
(p  q )
2 2
(19) = 50 then p-q=?
(p+q)
(a) 25 (b) 45 (c) 49 (d) 50 (e) 10
 
2
(20) 2 3 

(a) 5 - 2√6 (b) 5 - √6 (c) 1 - 2√6 (d) 1 - √2 (e) 1

(21) 230 + 230 + 230 + 230 =
(a) 8120 (b) 830 (c) 832 (d) 232 (e) 230
(p+q)
(22) If x= , then x-1=?
(p-q)
q 2q 2q
(a) (b) (c) 2p(p-q) (d) (e) 2q
p-q (p+q) (p-q)
(23) If p+q = 4, q+r = -2, r+p = 3, then p+q+r =?
2 5 6
(a) (b) (c) (d) 5 (e) 6
5 2 2
(24) If 5a=2b=40c, what is the value of 8a+5b in terms of c?
(a)10c (b) 164c (c) 52c (d) 25c (e) 82c
10
(25) If p = , what is value of pq in terms of p?
(q+2)

Lahore CSS Academy

 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

10 3(p-5) 2(p-5)
(a)2(5-p) (b) (c) (d) (e) none
p p p
(26) The trinomial x2+x-20 is exactly divisible by:
(a) x – 5 (b) x + 4 (c) x – 10 (d) x – 4 (e) x – 2
(27) (a3+b)2 – (a3-b)2 = ?
(a) –4a3b (b) 0 (c) (2ab) 2 (d) 4a3b (e) 4a2b
5y
(28) If (5w)(5x) = , what is z in terms of w,x and y?
5z
(a) y/wx (b) y-w-x (c) w+x-y (d) y-wx (e) y/w+x
(29) What is the sum of 3x +7x -7 and 5x2+8x-9?
3 2

(a) 3x3+12x2+8x-16 (b) 8x3+7x2-16

(c) 3x3+5x2+8x-2 (d) none
(30) Subtract 5x2-9x-10 from 8x2+10x-25
(a) 3x2+x+15 (b) 3x2+19x-15
(c) -3x2-19x+15 (d) 13x2+x-35
(31) (1,000,002)2-(999,998)2
(a) 2,000,000 (b) 1,000,000 (c) 4,000,000 (d) 80,00,000 (e) None
2
1  1
(32) If  – x   50 , what is the value of 2  x 2 ?
x  x
(a) 2 (b) 48 (c) 52 (d) 60 (e)can’t be determined
1 1 1
(33) If + = and xy=z, what is the average of x and y?
x y z
1 z (x+y)
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d) (e)
2 2 2z
(34) If a2-b2=21 and a2+b2=29, which of the following could be the value of ab?
I- –10 II- 5 2 III- 10
(a) I only (b) II only (c) III only (d) I and III only (e) II and III only
(35) If a2+b2 = 8 and (a-b)2= 4, what is the value of ab?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 3 (e) 4
Lahore CSS Academy
 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

1 1
(36) Which of the following is equal to (z+ )2-(z- )2?
z z
1 2 2 1
(a) 0 (b) 4 (c) -z (d) -2z2 (e) -4z2
z2 z2 z2
(37) What is the value of a2-b2/a-b when a=12.3 and b = 13.2?
(a) 30 (b) 25.5 (c) 20 (d) 37.6 (e) 40
(38) If x2-y2=56 and x-y=4, what is the average of x and y?
(a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 2 (d) 6 (e) 4
(39) What is the value of x2+14x+49 when x=83?
(a) 3300 (b) 4900 (c) 5000 (d) 8100 (e) 8279
(40) x2+3x+2 =
(a) (x+1)(x-2) (b) (x+2)(x+1) (c) (x+2(x-1) (d) (x-2)(x-1) (e) (x+3)(x-1)
(a-b)
(41) If x = a+b, y = , then xy=?
(a+b)

(a-b)2 (a-b)
(a) (b) (c) a2-b2 (d) a+b (e) b+a
(a-b) a
(42) If 16-a=20-b, then a-b=?
(a) –4 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) –6 (e) 10
(43) If f(x) = (x + 2) / (x-2) for all integers except x=2, which of the following has the
greatest value?
(a) f(-1) (b) f(0) (c) f(1) (d) f(3) (e) f(4)
(44) If pqr = 1 , rst = 0 , and spr = 0, which of the following must be zero?
(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S (e) T
65  6 4
(45) Which of the following is equal to ?
5
(a) 1/5 (b) 6/5 (c) 6³ (d) 64 / 5 (e) 64
(46) If f(x) = x² – 3, where x is an integer, which of the following could be a value of f(x)?

Lahore CSS Academy

 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

I6
II 0
III -6
(a) I only (b) I and II only (c) II and III only
(d) I and III only (e) I, II and III
(47) A perfect cube is an integer whose cube root is an integer. For example, 27, 64 and
125 are perfect cubes. If p and q are perfect cubes, which of the following will not
necessarily be a perfect cube?
(a) 8p (b) pq (c) pq + 27 (d) – p (e) (p – q)6
(48) If f(3) = 15 and f(5) = 45, which of the following could be f(x)?
(a) 4x + 3 (b) 2x² – 2x (c) 2x² - x (d) 2x² - 5 (e) 5x²
(49) If V = 12R / (r + R) , then R =
(a) Vr / (12 - V) (b) Vr + V /12 (c) Vr – 12 (d) V / r – 12 (e) V (r + 1) /12
(50) x = y - (50/y), where x and y are both > 0. If the value of y is doubled in the equation
above, the value of x will
(a) Decrease (b) Stay the same
(c) Increase four fold (d) Double (e) Increase to more than double

1 b 11 a 21 d 31 d 41 a
2 c 12 c 22 d 32 c 42 a
3 d 13 e 23 b 33 b 43 d
4 c 14 b 24 b 34 d 44 d
5 d 15 a 25 a 35 c 45 e
6 e 16 d 26 d 36 b 46 a
7 a 17 b 27 d 37 b 47 c
8 d 18 a 28 b 38 b 48 c
9 a 19 d 29 a 39 d 49 a
10 b 20 a 30 b 40 b 50 e

Lahore CSS Academy

 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

Lahore CSS Academy

 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

(1) Which of the following is the value of function x 3  3x  2 at x  4?

(a) 67 (b) 45 (c) 74 (d) 68
(2) y 2  62 y  336 is equivalent to?
(a)  y  56 y  6 (b)  y  56 y  6 (c)  y  56 y  6 (d) None of these
(3) If  a  b   4,  a  b   6 then, ab  ?
(a) 5 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) Not Possible

 
2
(4) 5 6 ?

(a) 11  2 30 (b) 11  2 30 (c) 11  2 30 (d) None

2y
(5) If  2w  .  2 x   what is z in terms of w, x and y?
2z
y
(a) (b) y  w  x (c) w  x  y (d) y  wx
wx
(6) If x 2  y 2  80 and x  y  20 , then what is the average of x and y?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
75  7 4
(7) Which of the following is equal to ?
6
1 74
(a) (b) (c) 7 4 (d) 6 4
6 6
(8) If f  6  67 and f  4   27 , then which of following could be f  x   ?
(a) 3 x 2  6 (b) 3 x 2  5 (c) 2 x 2  6 (d) 2 x 2  5
(9) The trinomial x 2  4 x  5 is exactly divisible by?
(a) x  1 (b) x  1 (c) x  3 (d) x  3
(10) 4 4 4 4 ?
30 30 30 30

(a) 16120 (b) 830 (c) 431 (d) 230

(11) If f  x   x3  50 , then what is the value of f  5  ?
(a) – 175 (b) 175 (c) 165 (d) – 75
Lahore CSS Academy
 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

(12) If 20  x  16  y , then x  y  ?
(a) 4 (b) – 4 (c) 6 (d) Not possible
If ab  4 and  a  b   2 , what is the value of a 2  b 2  ?
2
(13)

(a) 10 (b) 2 (c) 20 (d) 12

3 x 2  12 x2  5x  6
(14) If x  10, then  ?
x 2  2 x  8 2 x 2  14 x  24
6  x  2 3  x  2
2
3
(a) (b) 6 (c) (d)
2  x  4
2
2  x  4
2
1  1
(15) If   a   100 , what is the value of 2  a 2  ?
a  a
(a) 10 (b) 100 (c) 98 (d) 102
If # n   n  5   5 , then find #3  #5  ?
2
(16)
(a) 50 (b) 55 (c) 40 (d) 45
(17) If y  x  y 2 x for all positive integers, then 3  4  2  ?
(a) 38 (b) 316 (c) 324 (d) 332
(18) The value of x 2  5 x  6 at x  2 is?
(a) 2 (b) 20 (c) 40 (d) 10
5 1
(19) If x  7 , what is the value of x 2  x 2  ?
(a) 2 (b) 7 (c) 49 (d) 4
(20) What is quotient if 36 x 2 y  21xy 3 z is divided by 9 xy ?
7 2 3 2 3 2 2 7 2
(a) 4 x  yz (b) 4 y  y z (c) 4 x  y z (d) 4 x  y z
3 7 7 3

Lahore CSS Academy

 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

1 c 6 a 11 b 16 d
2 b 7 c 12 a 17 d
3 a 8 d 13 a 18 b
4 a 9 b 14 b 19 c
5 b 10 c 15 c 20 d

4  3  4   2  64  12  2  74
3
(1)
(2)  y  56 y  6  y2  62 y  336
 a  b    a  b   4ab
2 2
(3)
20
16  36  4ab  ab   5
4
 1    
2
5 6  1 5  6  2 30  11  2 30
2
(4)
(5) 2 w x  2 y  z  w  x  y  z  z  y  w  x
(6) x 2  y 2  80
 x  y  x  y   80
2 2
 x  y x  y 40
 20   40   2
2 2 20
7 7  1
4
(7)  74
6
f  6   2  6   5  67
2
(8)
f  4   2  4   5  27
2

(9) x2  5x  x  5   x  1 x  5

Lahore CSS Academy

 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

(10) 430 1  1  1  1  430. 4   431

(11) 125  50  175  175
(12) 20  16  x  y  x  y  4
a  b  2  a 2  b 2  2ab  2
2
(13)
a 2  b 2  2  2ab
 2  2  4  10
3 x 2  12 x2  5x  6
(14) 
x 2  2 x  8 2 x 2  14 x  24
3 x2  4  2 x 2  14 x  24

 x  4  x  2  x2  5x  6
3  x  2  x  2   x  4  2 x  6 

 x  4  x  2   x  2  x  3
3  2  x  3
6
 x  3
2
1 
(15)  a  a   100

1 1
2
 a 2  2  100  2  a 2  98
a a

#n   n  5  5
2
(16)

#3   3  5   5   2   5  4  5  9
2 2
So,

# 5   5  5   5  0  5  5  #3  #5  9  5  45
2

(17) y  x  y2x

Lahore CSS Academy

 LAHORE CSS ACADEMY
13-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Barkat Market, Lahore
0331-0001110 / 0333-9800938

Topic 2 Basic Algebra

3  4  2  ?
3  4   3  38
24

 
y x
38  2   38 
22
 384
   332
y x

x2  5x  6 at x  2   2   5  2   6  4  10  6  20
2
(18)
5 1
(19) x x2 2
at x  7
5
5 1 51 4
x2 
 x2 x  x 2  x 2   7   49
2
2 2
1
2
x

(20) 36 x y  21xy z   9 xy, Quotient=?

2 3

36 x 2 y 21xy 3 z 7
  4 x  y2 z
9 xy 9 xy 3

Lahore CSS Academy