ABSTRACT

In India sewage cleaning from manholes and drains are a difficult and risky
job for anyone, but these workers are forced to do these jobs just to earn for their
family.In our project we design a system which extracts the toxic gases from the
sewage at programmed intervals. The device checks for the measurement of toxic
gases present in the sewage and extracts them once their level exceeds the
threshold value. We also designed a health monitoring system for the workers who
enters the sewage for manual cleaning. This prevents unwanted health issues for
the workers and provides automated collection of toxic gases.Most of the cities
adopted the sewage system and the duty of Municipal Corporation to maintain
cleanliness, health and safety of the cities if the sewage is not properly maintained
then it contaminated with the pure water and may spread infectious diseases. The
sewage workers are not aware of sudden attack of poisonous gases. Since these
gases are odorless, if exposed for a long time that may cause a serious health
issues. Our concept aims to design a system to measure and analyze the real-time
levels of toxic gases and alert the workers. The IoT technology that shall detect the
mixture of gases, sensing each type of gas to measure its level while keeping track
of the real-time dynamic changes in the above factors .We focused on designing an
embedded system with IoT to track down effluents and generate alert signals
through a wireless network.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.

ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS
INTRODUCTION iii
1.1 GENERAL iv
1.2 TECHNOLOGIES USED vii
1.2.1 HISTORY OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM ix
1 1.2.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF AN 1
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
1.2.3 BASIC STRUCTURE OF AN
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
1.2.4 IMPORTANT TECHNOLOGIES USED
IN EMBEDDED SYSTEM
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 3
2.1 UNIVERSAL ROBOT EMPLOYMENT OF 3
MIMIC HUMAN WRITING
2.2 SMART MONITORING OF SEWAGE 3

WORKERS USING IOT AND MACHINE

LEARNING
4
2.3 IOT BASED SEWAGE MONITORING
SYSTEM 5
2.4 ISSUES IN WEARABLE COMPUTING

iv
 FOR MEDICAL MONITORING 6
APPLICATION
2.5 SMART SAFETY MONITORING FOR
6
SEWAGE WORKERS WITH TWO WAY
COMMUNICATION
2.6 A WIRELESS MONITORING SYTEM FOR
PULSE OXIMETRY SENSORS
7

2.7 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A HEART 8

RATE MEASURING DEVICEUSING
9
FINGERTIP

3 2.8 IOT DEVICES FOR SEWAGE GAS

9
MONITORING AND ALERT SYSTEM
2.9 SEWAGE LEVEL MAINTANCE USING 11
IOT 11
4
2.10 SMART REAL TIME DRAINAGE 12
MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT 13
EXISTING METHODOLOGY 14
3.1 INTRODUCTION 14
3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM 15
3.3 DRAWBACKS 15
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY 16
4.1 INTRODUCTION 16
4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM 16
4.2.1 SEWAGE MONITORING SYSTEM 17

v
5 4.2.2 HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM 19
4.3 WORK FLOW 19
4.3.1 SEWAGE MONITORING SYSTEM 20
4.3.2 HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM 21
4.4 FLOW CHART 21
4.4.1SEWAGE MONITORING SYSTEM 22
4.4.2 HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM 22
4.4 MAJOR UNITS 38
4.5 ADVANTAGES 43
6 HARDWARE DESCRIPTIONS 44
5.1 PIC MICROCONTROLLER 45
5.2 RELAY DRIVER 47
7
5.3 DC SUCTION PUMP 50
8
5.4 MQ-9 SENSOR 53
5.5 METHANE GAS SENSOR 56
5.6 WATER LEVEL SENSOR 61
5.7 PULSE SENSOR 65
5.8 TEMPERATURE SENSOR 65
5.9 SPO2 SENSOR 67
5.10 PH SENSOR 71
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTIONS 73
6.1 INTERNET OF THINGS 74
6.2 MPLAB IDE SOFTWARE 75
RESULT 101
CONCLUSION
FUTURE WORK

vi
 APPENDIX
REFERENCE

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE FIGURE NAME PAGE

NO. NO.

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR EXISTING METHOD 12

4.2.1 SEWAGE MONITORING SYSTEM 15
4.2.2 HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM 16
4.4.1 SEWAGE MONITORING SYSTEM 19
4.4.2 HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM 20
5.1.1 PIC MICRO CONTROLLER(16F877A) 25
5.1.2 MCLC 26
5.1.3 CRYSTAL RESONATOR 28
5.1.4 ARCHITECTURE OF PIC 16F877A 32
5.2.1 RELAY DRIVER 38
5.2.2 CIRCUIT SYMBOL OF RELAY 41

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5.2.3 RELAY 41
5.2.4 PROTECTION DOIDE FOR RELAY 42
5.3 DC SUCTION PUMP 43
5.4 MQ-9 SENSOR 45
5.5 METHANE GAS SENSOR 46
5.6 WIPER 48
5.7 PULSE SENSOR 52
5.8 TEMPERATURE SENSOR 54
5.9.1 SPO2 SENSOR 57
5.9.2 SPO2 WAVE FORM 58
5.10.1 PH LEVEL SENSOR 62
5.10.2 COMBINATION PH SENSOR 63
5.10.3 DIFFERENTIAL PH SENSOR 63
6.1.1 MONITORING LEVELS IN IoT 66
6.1.2 MPLAB IDE SOFTWARE 70
7.1.1 MONITORING ON IoT 71
7.1.2 TOP VIEW OF KIT 72

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

IoT Internet of Things

WBAN Wireless Body Area Network

WCS Wastewater Collection System

CCTV Closed Circuit Television

PSU Power Supply Unit

BPM Beats Per Minute

PWA Pulse WaveAmplitude

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

PIC Programmable Interface Controller

PWRT Power Up Timer

OST Oscillator Start Up Timer

ix
SPI Serial Peripheral Interface

FSR File Select Register

SP Stack Pointer

SPCO SinglePole Change Over

DPCO DoublePole Change Over