Saiipem

Weld discontinuities
can be classifieddependingon their:
Position a) surface:thesearesurfacediscontinuities
on theweldsurface

b) volumetric:
thesedeveloped
in theweldmetalor in the heatalteredzone.

Shaoe a) two-dimensionaldiscontinuitieshave a relativelylarge cross-section

in one
directionanda smallor negligible in the directionperpendicular
cross-section to
thefirstone-
b) three-dimensional
discontinuities
thatdevelopin alldirections

IEAtr!]ESE
l0nqand Pe|pendlcularl0
lheweld

k*an'Fls c,6cLs, 4omholes ..)

Oriqin a) Metallurqical;
thesearecausedby:
- residualstress;this is in direct proportionto the material strength and
developsbothlongitudinallyandtransversally
withrespectto the weld;
- fusionin the parentmetal;
- absorption of gasin theweldmetal;
- fastcoolingof thejoint

b) Operational:
causedby:
- inadequateworkingconditions;
- materials
notproperlystorec
- badpreparation
of theedges.

,1. INIRODUCTION