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(©) What are the various stages in the sludge digestion process? Also discuss the factors affecting sludge digestion and their control. _ . er ine wer € fthirr Sereersit an avi Gam or Rie ret ar fl ets Aa AT TT TT AT surf rt Ft sre Frere ft aaTeT | (10 Marks) {c) Figure shows two parallel line loads on the ground surface. Determine the vertical stress at @ point P as shown in figure. . Ae i ar a erate Ft re Peer hw bg ere enh aor Pte ee SP ee a feorrar rar Bi 1) Using Boussinesq's theory /arfitaen i Feria 0 ran we fi) Using Westergaard's theory / 7520178 % Prat aT STH FTA (20 Marks) (d) "A precast concrete pile is being dtiven with a 35 KN hammer having a free fall of 90 cm. if the penetration in the last 5 blow Is 30 mm, determine the allowable load carrying capacity of the pile according to Engineering News formu ‘tei wee fer geflz reer BT 3s feet apea eotrer A erie Pert on rar ®, Fit 90 aft ft fitter art #1 cafe afte Ss sear @ wae 30 fant &, at Sottaattn arene a (coftftaftr ape cafar) ® sepa ores FT eftart are aes erat atfrr 1 (20 Marks) CN eT UUEEIEEE EERE ATT tat Teal 1 SEEPS. PT Re Qi. (3) A compacted cylindrical specimen 50 mm in diameter and 100mm tong Is to be prepared from a dry soil, If the specimen is required to have a water content ‘of 20% and % air void of 25%, then calculate the weight of solid and weight of water required in the Preparation of above sample if specific gravity of Solid is 2 72. Also calculate void ratio of specimen, - Oy eto FATA ee ref nares aT 50 Fin rer he 100 Fiat sar rare Fear are #1 ah rH 20% (ors #1 rm ot 259%, (9) aFtert ary Har aT ares 8, at re & fafire yee 2.72 FAT TT TT AT ATT TA are har a Ty ae Frog srr Yo TAT I i (15 Marks) tage it moved from 6.5 cm to 15 cmin 30 min. The degree of saturation Is 85%, porosity is 35%, Dete, ine capillary head and coefficient of Bede yin 65 mA ny wll Eke gar ered safhae Hest m isl ee I, 8596 a rarer 3596 1 TIT on ate reer tari Piatto (15 Marks) (6) Define following terms (Any three) - Profane orci 1 afore (are dy — }) Phreatic line / Fintfee arsq IN Difference between compaction and consolidation / 4-71 sty wines % a ad Uli) Sensitivity of soil / Pgh attemafteray §) Liquefaction /zétarer (PRP Tort) (15 Marks) {)_ Sludge is collected from primary settling tank. Its volume was 145 m? at moisture cuntent of 95%. If after SxPosing itto the atmosphere, its water content reduces to 80% determinene volume. SSW safes serra aT Sop at rae egy aT é1 959% St alt Te Sah arTae AAT 145m? hy aR rt SOUS are see ae, ear Ht ATT BOM am eH AT ATA A EE oe ATT Praites ¥e) (15 Marks) Q2. (a) There are two borrow areas A and B which have soils with void ratios of 0.85 and 0.65 respectively. The Water content of borrow areas is 17% and 13% respectively. The fill at the end of construction will have a total volume of 8,000 m’, bulk density of 2.1 Mg/m’ and a placement ontant of 20% Netermine the volume of the soil required to be excavated from bath areas (Given G= 2.6) I the cost of excavation of soil and transportation is Rs. 220/- per 100 mv for area A and Rs. 200/- per 100 1m’ for area B. Which of the borrow area is more economical 7 ‘reer (ET) 87 A a BE, Brat ae: 0.85 ote 0.65% ferry arqure are PRET i eat tat A oe AT FRE: 17% 37 13% 81 Pratt att were FA ATT 8,000 4, 2.1 Fore ar PA aire Tree atte SETS BATE We et A ray 20% eh | rt Seat raga Fe sree RET A aT Paweea (Pre 1G = 26 fear rr) fe Ft ft gerd atte fag ft area are A fa 220/97 100 str aa B ¥ Frm 200 /- 94 100 0 8 | a ara ar ate orfire Fiowradt #7 (d) A square footing of size 1.5 m x 1.5 m is resting on clay at a depth of 2 m below ground level. Tota thickness of clay deposit Is 4m below ground level and is rested over a firm sand stratum. Clay has following properties - 1.5 381.5 08 are er fre ere (FEM) an are 2 after A ager or PEE re go Bs FRA ear Fe ater atte eae a a fies A fate cat rat a HO TT ATT fh afar * frafafar amet. LL. =35% Wy = 30% S=100% G,=2.62 C,= 0.425 kg/cm’ FOS=3 Assume ground water table is at ground level. 414 fi spat ATPTHT WHAT rr Tr By Find safe bearing capacity of soil at the base of foundation, Use skempton's theary. / Ata % arene qr fixgt Praha aes er ar Ta er area ie fair eT TTT wt (15 Marks) a4. (2) Itls required to supply water to.a population of 80,000 at a per capita demand of 150 L per day. Chlorine usage in the treatment is 5kg/day. The residual chlorine after 10 minutes contact is 0.20 mg/L. Calculate the chlorine demand of the water. 80,000 56 arretear ar aft ocftr wht Fem 150 LF ate aqaTe me A ara Ft TAT 8) aye H HATA TT Skgifer ert 8] 10 Fife wank HF ape wafers FATE 0.20 moll sat MAT A FATA ATH after AAT | - ata (10 Mark (b)_ What are the various pollutants causing pollution of air? Discuss the sources and their =ffects on huma health and environment in general. aaa efit wea ave Reg aan aT 7 ae at ect aes ae Te age TY Ta aa 7 Tet are rartt #1 at AAT] (15 Marks) (c)_For the earth retaining structure shown in the figure below, draw earth pressure diagram for active state ‘and find the total thrust per unit length of wall. igh aa vas Fh sia Pr AP Pere are Pra Fare Tar afier rarer % Fr fest ar zara we wae he rare oft cart sear we gs er aT FT| V2 kNim? gq 2462 0.60 30° lem|| Sand (15 Marks) ‘Subject : Environmental Engineering & Soil Mec i oe (d) A 30.cm diameter sewer having an invert slope of 1 in 150 was flowin 19 full. What would be the veloci flow and discharge? (n=0.013) what would be the velocity and discharge when i ee and 0.8 of its full depth? rennin naan Reon 62 150.81 6 we cared ara art 30 Sof arm A afar Tt ag oA i Tae on Priea ¥1 a1 TTT (n = 0.013) aa Atay orth A Tere 0,2 tr 0.8 TAT ae TA at a ce om she rere Sar aT? Proporvonate | Popatonate| Proportions | poporionat | Propornate area a/A perimeter p/P | mean depth velocity wv | dichargea 7 | Proportionate i 09781 (20 Marks) (a) Besign a rapid sand filter for 4 MLD of water with a rate of filtration of 5000 L/m'/hr. ; “

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