ALGEBRA 2, Sheet 1

A line with the equation x = 3, x = -9, x= ANY NUMBER has an UNDEFINED SLOPE, it is a vertical line!
Real Numbers Irrational Numbers:
Properties of Exponents Properties of Radicals

∏, √3, 5∏, 4√7, e, decimalsthat

x0 = 1
cannot be simplified to a fraction.

xE fxaxt.PE
m = slope = rise/run

Rational Numbers:

xa • xb = xa+b
0.141414..., 0.23, 1/2, 14/5
Repeating decimals, simplified fractions..
Remember:

Integers: -5, -3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

Whole + includes negatives
xa ÷ xb = xa-b
Domain = x values
Range = y values
Tab Va Vb afx xta

Whole numbers: 0, 1, 2..

Function: x values
622
3586 358.35 4f3
(xy)a = xa • ya
Natural + includes 0

CANNOT repeat

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Natural or counting numbers:

(xa)b = xa•b
1, 2, 3, 4, 5... <, > DOTTED LINE

≤, ≥ SOLID LINE

Factoring GCF Factoring Difference of Squares Factoring Trinomials

Greatest common factor: Is there a number or Works when there are two squared terms Find factors of the “c” term to split to two
Point Slope Form y - y1 = m(x - x1)

term that can be factored out of all terms? being subtracted ie x2 - y2 = (x + y)(x - y) factors that sum to “b” term.
Example: x2 - x - 6.

ab + bc = b(a + c) GCF = b a2 - b2 = (a + b)(a - b)

Factors of 6 that sum to -1= 3, 2
4x2 - 25y2 = (2x + 5y)(2x - 5y) Therefore factored pair = (x + 2)(x - 3)

4x + 10xy = 2x(2 + 5y) GCF = 2x

100j4 - 16k2 = (10j2 + 4k)(10j2 - 4k) x2 - 2x - 8 = (x + 2)(a - 4)

12abc - 3ab + 6ac = 3a(4bc - b + 2c) GCF = 3a

x4xt2 Factors of 8 that sum to -2 = 2, -4

8x2 + 4x - 2x3 = 4x(2x + 1 - 2x2) GCF = 4x 81x2 - y2 = (9x + y)(9x - y)

y2 + 12y + 20 = (y + 10)(y + 2)

Factors of 20 that sum to 12 = 10, 2

a2 - 6a + 9 = (a2 - 3)(a2 - 3) or (a - 3)2

@CuteCalculus Factors of 9 that sum to -6 = -3, -3

Factor by Grouping Factoring Cubes - SOAP Factoring when a ≠ 1

x3 + 2x2 - 3x - 6 Same sign, Opposite sign, Always Positive Multiply the “a” term by the “c” term = a•c
GCF = x GCF = —3 Factors of a•c that sum to “b” term?
a3 - b3 = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)

2x2 + 9x - 18

3lxt2 a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2)

a • c = 2 • -18 = -36

x4xt2 3lxt2 8x3 - 125y3 = (2x - 5y)(4x2 + 10xy + 5y2) Factors of -36 that sum to 9 = 12, -3

(cube root of each) “a” term = 2x, “b” term = 5y Split middle term 9x into 12x - 3x

62 3 Xt 2 27j3 + 64 = (3j + 4)(9j2 - 12j + 16)

Factor by GROUPING
Group the rst two and last two terms. Factor out the GCF
e
2x2 + 12x - 3x - 18
Slope Intercept Form y = mx + b

of both, which should result in the same binomial, (x + 2).

root of each) “a” term = 3j, “b” term = 4
(cube 2x(x + 6) - 3(x + 6), then combine outer terms
z
Re-write with the GCF terms (x ) and (—3) as one binomial
z
(x - 3) and the double binomial (x + 2) as the other.
Answer: (2x - 3)(x + 6)
Log Rules

Complex Numbers Inverse Functions f(x), f -1(x)

Ab = C logAC = b im i The inverse is the reflection of a function over the line

A line with a ZERO SLOPE, like y = 5 or y = -3 is a horizontal line

y = x. The inverse can be found by switching x and y

and solving for y to get the new equation.

logx(y • z) = logx y + logx z Take out the largest factor of 4

logx(y/z) = logx y - logx z

ni i i iV 9 2 344 z zyt3
(because i to the 4th = 1) then

3
nish using the diagram.
gymmet'D

i y Examples r x 3
2 22 21
logx yr = r • logx y i

logx x = 1
i i20 i e i I L Ix y Ix z
i35is i3 y.i3 i E

logx1 = 0
Same rules apply
to natural log, ln I I
ii8 iio.iz y.ie y
cog a
y Ix Z

Completing the Square Permutation ORDER MATTERS

“What’s your locker permuation?”
One to One Functions
2
6x + 12x - 54 = 0 1. Factor so “a” term = 1. •Passes vertical and horizontal line test

2 2. Add spaces for need- n is the number of things to •Each input has a different output
Parabola

6(x + 2x + __) = 54 + __

2 ed value to complete sq. n! choose from, and we choose r •No x's or y's repeat

nPr =
6(x + 2x + 1) = 54 + 6 of them, no repetitions, order
i i i i
3. Needed value

6(x + 1)2 = 60
= (b÷2)2 (n - r)! matters! Ex: locker combo
“n” choose “r”
(x + 1)2 = 10

4. Factor. Then solve for x

by taking square root. Combination ORDER IS NOT IMPORTANT Even and Odd Functions

4x2 - 25y2 - 8x - 100y - 196 = 0

Ex: Lottery winning numbers
Even if f(-x) = f(x) Y-AXIS SYMMETRY
Hyperbola

4x2 - 8x - 25y2 - 100y = 196 5 flavors ice cream, 3 scoops. Odd if f(-x) = - f(x) ORIGIN SYMMETRY

4(x2 - 2x + _) - 25(y2 - 4y + _) = 196 + _ + _ n! n = 5, r = 3

4(x2 - 2x + 1) - 25(y2 - 4y + 4) = 196 + 4 + (-100)

4(x + 3)2 - 25(y - 2)2= 100
nCr =
r!(n - r)!
4 people from a group of 10
n = 10, r = 4
even iii iii ODD i

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Created by April Chloe Terrazas CuteCalculus.com

BroffVW Algebra 2 Sheet 1

Exponential Growth/Decay Sequences The Discriminant

Arithmetic The part of the quadratic formula
Growth A(t) = P(1 + r)t Explicit an = a1 + (n - 1)d that indicates the number and type

quarterly n = 4, monthly n = 12

of roots/solutions/zeros/x-intercepts.
Compounded: annually n = 1

Decay A(t) = P(1 - r)t
a1 = ?
b2 - 4ac
Recursive

Compound Interest with LOG an = an - 1 + d

A = P ( 1 + r/n )nt Geometric If the discriminant is:
an = a1 • (r)n - 1
A = total amount

P = principal, r = rate as decimal Explicit > 0, [positive +++] there are 2 roots

n = number of times compounded
= 0, there is 1 root

Compounded Continuously Recursive a1 = ? < 0, [negative ---] there are 0 roots

A= Pert an = an - 1 • r

Multiplicity Series 44 r thin

How many times a unique root repeats Sums of nite sequences n z
a z

Standard (Vertex) Form: f(x)=a(x - h)2 + k

itself based on graph characteristics. ARITHMETIC: n is number of terms, a is i i

r
the rst term, a is the nth term in the sum. i il i i Ix il I i i i i
Multiplicity of:
I a
n a

1 = linear
Sn n a t an solutions
solution
2 = bounce 2

Sums of nite sequences

ear

3 = snake
r n
GEOMETRIC: r is the common ratio and
r ≠ 1, n is the number of terms in the sum NO z
and a is the rst term. solutions

Z t tt te

Sn a y rn
L y r @CuteCalculus
a

End Behavior Even and Odd Degree Polynomials Circles

The direction the function is heading at each end of the graph. (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
Odd degree Odd degree Even degree Even degree Center

(h, k), r = radius
+++ coef cient - - - coef cient +++ coef cient — — — coef cient

ti
Examples
y=x+2 44 Examples
y = —x + 2 Tf Examples
y = xz+ 2 TT Examples
y = —x z
+2 46
center
y = x3- 5x + 3 y = —3x3+ 8x -1 y = x -42
7x + 1 y = —5xz- 12x + 4

hk
y = xs y = —xs y = xa y = —x4

s i r
en is to iu lo I I
s z i l I i k
en n

to is r a
Quadratic General Form: f(x)=ax2 + bx + c

WI
a a

p

4111 I It little t H Ix h t ly k r2

is 11114 a a
is
a
is
n x o t y 01232 x y a

v e

Ellipses Center (h, k) 2a = major axis Parabolas y = ax2 + bx + c Hyperbolas focus c Ea't b
2b = minor axis Vertex (h, k) 2 E 4 92 1.3 c b c rE

(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = 1 x is major axis y = 1 (x - h)2 + k Focus (h, k + p) (x - h) - (y - k) = 1 opens x-axis
2 b2

a2 b2 4p Vertex Form Directrix y = k - p a

(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = 1 y is major axis The focus and directrix
Axis of symmetry
(y - h)2 - (x - k)2 = 1 opens y-axis o I
x = -b/2a or x = h s

b2 a2 are the “p” value away a2 b 2
coanxiiyq.at 2b6b
axis

r ya Symm
from the vertex in
k of y covertex a
az E

centerminor L
opposite directions.
i axisza za 4
transverse
a
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The focus is always
i r

ay z 2
INSIDE the parabola.
i i vertexexol ly 1
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i i i i The axis of u i st.tt
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Toots
focus
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f a 12 1 symmetry always
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major za 8 goes through the
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