we S orularda, Karsilikit Konugmanin bos birakilan kismint tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi the fact that spring is coming. Hannah: = Oh, come on! Everybody loves spring. Itis the season of renewal and regeneration, and it has a positive effect on people. Roger: Hannah: ~ Oh, I didn’t know that. If that's the case, 1 can’t blame you for not being enthusiastic about spring. ‘A)_ Of course, it does. That’s why everybody is 0 enthusiastic about this season. B) You can't speak for everyone. There are many people out there who loves other seasons more than they love spring. C) There is one thing you are missing there. am allergic to pollens, which makes the whole spring a miserable time for me. D) But | believe that there are some very beneficial aspects of spring on humans as well as on other living things. E) With the global warming intensifying, the seasons of spring and fall are slowly disappearing, : Wiliam: = lam so furious right now. I can't believe that Just happened. Beatrice: = What's the matter? What happened? William: Twas working on my essay, and | was almost done when there was a power cut. | don't think | saved the document. ‘A) Power cuts are so rare these days. | wonder whether they made improvements in the infrastructure. B) That tells me why you are so excited right now. But you have to wait until you see your grade. ©) Lam sorry that your computer just crashed. You need to take it to repair center, and see what they can do. D) The essay is supposed to be at least 500 words and makes up 20% of your final grade. ) Ohno, that’s not good. If only you had a backup generator. Lucy: Helen ~ Interesting. What about you, yourself? Can you tell what your next step would be in a given situation? Lucy: = Not really. 'm an unpredictable person. I'm just good at guessing what others would do. Helen: = So, let mo see if got this right: you're saying you can guess what others would do next, but you can't do the same with yourself. A). People tend to overestimate their own generosity, which is not surprising at all B) Some people are very easy to be friends with, whereas others strike me as very cold. C) Praise is very important in education, but if you overuse it, is effect just fades away. D) Don't you think itis interesting that some people are so naive and can easily be deceived? E) Some people are so predictable. | can tell what they are going to do next in a particular situation, Alice: = Schizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of other health problems including heart disease, diabetes, and suicide. ‘Susan: = This association between schizophrenia and poor physical health is well-established. Alice: ‘Susan: = Exactly. It has an undeniable effect. A) So, that could explain why people with schizophrenia live about 10 to 20 years less than people without it B) Atthe turn of the 20" century, doctors were willing to prescribe many questionable remedies. (©). Schizophrenia is not as common as other mental disorders, 1D) Symptoms of schizophrenia usually start between ages 16 and 30. ) Howover, there are many people who have schizophrenia who don't have a family member with the disorder. | | Scanned with CamScannerSuat GURCAN = Yes, and there is nothing wrong with that. Harry: ~ Aro you sure? I've heard that letting your dog sleep in your bedroom might distur your own sleep a bit. Belt: = Scientifically speaking, having a dog in your bedroom while you're sleeping don’t affect your sleep at ‘A) The average amount of sleep for adult dogs is 12-14 hours per day. B) Some pet foods contain ingredients that are hard to digest, forcing your pet to spend more ‘energy digesting the food. C) I know that some dog owners let their dogs sleep with them at night. D) Sleeping habits can give clues about a dog's health and happiness that you can interpret if you know what to look for. E) Adog that sleeps on his side has to feel pretty safe and comfortable, as it leaves the vital organs exposed. 6. Emre: = I think that if you want to win friends and influence people, you should show them your best self and highlight your strengths. Allan: = You might just be wrong about that. Emre: = What do you mean? I can't impress people to be my friend if| show my weaknesses. ‘A)_ You should always be strong on the outside ‘even if you are dead inside. B) Anumber of scientific studies suggest the opposite: the way to win trust and make friends is to reveal your flaws and weaknesses. C) Some people are impossible to impress no matter how hard you try. D) You are right. One should always look perfect. ‘and flawiess in order to gain other people's respect and trust. E) There are so many reasons why a friendship which was once so strong could suddenly end. Ridvan GURBUZ - Ergun KABAKG1- Ugur ALBAYRAK 7 It makes mo wonder whether you need to have a psychiatric disorder to be truly creative. Thomas: =I don't think that Is necessarily truc boliove that there are some coincidental cases. vi ~ Well, we need scientific studies to make ‘sure if there is any relationship. ‘A) From Beethoven and Van Gogh to Syivia Plath, the arts teem with stories of creative geniuses who were tortured by mental illness. B) Do you think psychiatric illnesses can truly be cured or is that impossible? ) The symptoms of a psychiatric disorder must be more severe than an expected response to an upsetting event. D) Ament illness can make you miserable and ccan cause problems in your daly life, such as at school of work or in relationships. E) Mental health problems may be related to excessive stress due to a particular situation or series of events. 8. Kevin: ~ Researchers suggest that many listeners of podeasts or radio shows have a “parasocial relationship” with the host of their favorite Programs. 1d of that term before. What does it mean? Kevin: = Itrefers to a one-sided relationship where ‘one person extends emotional energy, interest and time, and the other party is completely unaware of the other's existence. ‘Campbell: Kevin: = That's certainly one good example. A) Oh, Lgotit. Like with celebrities, right? Some people are too obsessed with their favorite celebrity, and can’t stop talking about them. 'B) There is a growing consensus that the popularity of listening to the radio is decreasing fast with number of people listening plummeted. )_ Radio has the power to promote the rise of hatred and intolerance, it also has the strongth to fight those things. 1D) There are more radio stations broadcasting today than ever before. How is it possible that people listen to the radio less? E) Radio stations make most of their profits from advertisement, vr A\ Scanned with CamScannerBell: = As of yet no, but soon there might be. Fatih: = Why do you think so? Bell: = Think about it: some people start overusing the Internet, and then they need more and more of it until they can’t go offline ‘anymore. AA) Is there officially such a thing as the Intemet Addiction Disorder? B) What are some of the side-effects of prolonged internet use? ©) Are you sure humanity is ready for what comes after the Internet? ) Did you know that there are people who lost their lives playing computer games because they can't stop? E)_ Will the technology keep getting cheaper and cheaper? Alice: Albert, how often do you do the washing up at home? Albert: = Oh, you know, on special occasions - ‘after a Christmas lunch! That sounds rrible, | know. But I'm just not very good at chores. ‘Alice: Albert: = I suppose you're right. But, maybe we, | mean men, have a higher threshold for di and untidiness. ‘A) Ittakes a lot of dit and untidiness to make me fee! | need to start cleaning up. B) Not being good at chores sounds like a bad ‘excuse for avoiding housework. ©) Why not consider the serious implications of women doing more of the household chores? D) Putting the rubbish out or fixing a leaky tap ~ those are work many people stil see as ‘men's jobs. E) Abit more give and take at home could help improve a working mum's prospects of getting promoted at work and earning more. Berk: = Doos your work bring you into contact with many overseas students, William? William: = Yes. They may need help because of injury to themselves or their property. Yet, these aren't the only problems ! deal with. Berk: Wiliam: = There are lots of things which don't get so much attention. Sometimes, itis to do with relationships in the community, as when bills aren't paid or contracted work isn’t completed, A) think, i's a shock to many people here for the first time to find out how many things are prohibited. B) Really? What other things do people come to you for help with? ©) You see, here, you can't even drive from ‘one state to another with a few apples and ‘oranges for the journey. D) Have you got time for a cup of coffee? I'l tell you about iti you ke. E) If's0, what cultural challenges do they face here in Turkey? Ted: — How's your lab report coming along? John: = All right, I guess. I've got all the data. ‘There's just one problem. | have no idea how to organize it all. I's really frustrating. Ted John: = I'm sure she would. My problem is that | have class during her office hours. | can't Just talk with her about it. And the project is. due in a few days. ‘A) Have you talked to your professor? I bet she would have some suggestions. B) I thought you were going to call your sister ‘about the problem. She might help you, ©) It there's anything I can do, just ask. I could offer my help anytime you know. D) Your sister was supposed to help you. What happened? ) The first thing you should dois cheer up. Then we can try to work out your problem, a lM Scanned with CamScanner www.modadil.comi ‘Suat GURCAN - Ridvan GURBOZ- Ergun KABAKGI Ugur ALDAYRAK ‘Thomas: = Did you decide to onrol in that creative writing course after all? Frederick: = I still haven't decided. I'd really liko to, but It’s only on Tuesdays from 8 to 11 p.m. And ''m afraid to walk back to my car so lato at night. Thomas = Yeah, | know what you moan. | got uneasy walking around campus at night sometime: too. You know, you can always call campu security and ask for an oscort. Frederick: ‘Thomas: = No, not at all, It's a free service for students. ‘A)_{ myself thought ofthat, but don't you have to pay for it? B) I tried that once, but it didn’t work out for me. How about you? C) It might be inconvenient to request a security escort once a week. What do you think? D) There could be several people in the class ‘who also park in the student lot. E) It'd be nice if | had someone I could trust in the class, wouldn't it? Zahra: Alfred: = What Is a proto-language? Zahra: = It's the ancestor of modern languages. Now, as time passed and people began to spl Into different tribes, this original proto- language began to evolve independently in tribes. Alfred: = So in this way the process of language divergence has begun. A) Aproto-language is @ language that is the recorded or hypothetical ancestor of another language or group of languages. B) Dialects occur when one language begins to be altered into two or more versions. €) It's generally believed by linguists that all the languages of today originated from a ‘common proto-language thousands of years ago. D) We can easily say that French and Spanish originated from the same language. E) Alanguage separates into multiple dialocts ‘and eventually these dialects become two or more separate languages. 7. Bon: = Dr, Rogor Clark, who Is a sclontist and also ‘a photographors, says that tho resolution of tho human eyo Is 576 mogapixel Donna: Bon: = You can say that, what doos it actually moan? | it moans you can pack 576 million Into an area tho sizo of your fleld of pixel view. ‘A)_ You only soe high resolution in a very small area in the center of your vision. 8) Tho eyo is not a camera tons that takes snapshots to save in your memory. ©) That's why eyo is among the most fragile body parts in the human body. 1D) Many peoplo don't have a good understanding of the anatomy of the eyo. ) That is huge, when you compare it to the 12 ‘megapixels of a smart phone camera, a serious problem with Ben: = What kind of a problem are you talking about? Donna: = Wall, a good amount of tho news content on the Internet is either partially or complately misinformative, ‘A)_ Young people spend too much time playing video games. 8) Most people today got their news from the various sources on the Internet C) Engaging in an honost discussion about problems is the best way fo solve them. 1D) Islil prefer to got my news front traditional sources such as papers. ‘You know one thing | have teamed is that as you get old, your prionties change, w Scanned with CamScanner10. 1n kismini tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. Mark: ~ Mr. Hudson, what is the difference between lecture and tutorial? Mr. Hudson: Mark: = Okay, and what about tutorial? Mr, Hudson: = You will be divided into groups and will have to present a piece of work to the group as a whole and then the group will discuss what you've said. ‘A) Alecture is about an hour long and a tutorial usually runs for about two hours. Alecture is rather like what | am doing now Where one person will alk to all of you together on a subject, Listening to lectures in many ways is just giving you information that you could access for yourself at university tutorial is perhaps where most of the learning occurs at a university. E) We do ask you to try to attend the lectures. B) ° D) 12. Garcia: = You should know that most of the important books are held in Closed Reserve. Ricky: Garcia: = Closed Reserve. That's a part of the library where you can go to read books but you can't take them out of the bullding. Ricky: suppose, | will need to buy the core books. A) Where is Closed Reserve in the library then? B) Well, I'l be getting the reading list next week When lectures start. All the books are in the library right? Can we take the books we need out of the library whenever we want? Sorry for that, but | don’t know where itis located in the library. Where? Sorry, what did you call that section of the library? c) ) &) - How are you going with your Australian studies tutorial paper? Martin: = Oh good. | finished it actually. Tom: Marti = Well, after some consideration I decided to look at the history of banana growing in Australia. ‘A) | couldn't find a suitable topic and it makes me feel stressed. Wow! I think, industry in Australia could be a good topic, isnt it? Oh, you did! What is it about? I'm stil trying to find an interesting topic. Did you manage to find a better topic than Michael's? I'm sure that I've chosen a much more interesting topic than yours. 8) °) D) E) Burak: = Yes, by determining characteristics as varied as whether it will have blue eyes or suffer from a life-threatening illness. here since its the set of all these inherited genetic instructions. Berk: = What's more amazing is that DNA is an extremely long text, for contains more than 3 bil ‘A)_ None of the single-gene disorders is a disease in the conventional sense. ‘The new space project will take longer to ‘accomplish than the lunar missions, for it will ‘not be complete until early next century. ‘The genetic inheritance a baby receives from its parents at the moment of conception fixes ‘much of its later development. ‘As a result of the Human Genome Project, there will be new hope of release from the shadows of cancer and heart disease. Those working on the Human Genome Project claim that the new genetical anatomy will reduce human suffering in the twenty-first century. i i i 8) ©) 0) —) Scanned with CamScanner{ Suat GURCAN - Ridvan Gi 13. Professor: 14. ~ For your research paper, | would like to warn you that any kind of plagiarism will automatically disqualify your paper. It won’t be graded. Gadiar: = But, what is pl Professor: ~ Plagiarism is taking other people's work without acknowledging it, that is, without saying where it comes from. Gadiar: ism, professor? A) So, its basically another word for stealing from the works of others. B) And while i's a good idea to work with other ‘people, don't hand in work which is exactly the same as your friend's work. C) Invery serious cases you might be denied entry to the university D) Ifyou don't acknowledge the source of your information, then you run the risk of filing the subject. E) Of course, all essays are based on research done by other people, but you must remember to attribute the work to the original writer. Oguz: = According to some recent reports, there is a great concer in Europe and North America about declining standards of literacy in schools. Arda: = Right, in Britain, for example, 30 per cent of 16 year olds have a reading age of 14 or ess. That's why they're considering massive ‘educational changes to develop literacy. uz: OF hats what they should do, because | strongly believe that the development of literacy has far-reaching effects on general intellectual development. Arda: 'A) When teachers use picture books, they are simply continuing a long-established tradition that is accepted without question. B) From North America to the Antipodes, the first books that many school children receive are totaly without text. C) Generally, a teacher's main concern is to help young beginner readers to develop the abil to recognise words. D) | couldn't agree more. So, anything which hinders the development of iteracy is a serious matter for Us all. E) Even ifa child is able to read aloud fluently, he or she may not be able to understand much of i oe 15, 16. Giga BAKCL IZ - Ergur Gur ALBAYRAK Caner: = As you probably know as an international ‘student, you'll need to open a bank account while you're here, Seyma: Caner: = That's possible, but banks are the safest place to keep your mono} Seyma: =I guess you're right. I'l think about it. ‘A) Banks have diferent policies and the services they'l offer will depend on your individual circumstances. B) So, its a matter of going there and finding out about my own particular situation. ) I don't want to do it, Because they'l probably charge me an annual fee forthe account. )_No, when | goto open a bank account, should I take any certain document with me? E) In addition fo this, most banks ask me to bring my passport and letter or certificate of enrolment. jem: “Besides their other usages, Ihave heard that pictures are also used to help motivate children to read. Hakan: ~ Yes, because they are beautiful and eye- catching. Gigdem: Hakan: = That's certainly right. In this way, they can imagine better in response to the story. ‘A) Academic journals cite experiments which demonstrate how detrimental pictures are for beginner readers. B) But, to me, reading motivation should be provided by making them listen to stories. C) Pictures affect speed and accuracy and the closer the pictures are to the words, the slower and more inaccurate the child's reading becomes. 1D) Yes, poor readers given no pictures lear significantly more words than those leaming to read with books with pictures. E)_ Unfortunately, as they grow older, many children turn aside from books without pictures, ‘\y) Scanned with CamScanner1 ws ‘sor Slik Konugmanin bos birakalan kismint tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. Emily: = Do you know why uniforms were first manufactured? Rick: ~ Oh, 1am not sure, but | think it has ‘something to do with the military purposes. Emily: Rick: = Then, my guess was quite right. ‘A) From uniforms and workwear emerged ‘corporate clothing’. B) No, chefs wore white because they worked with flour. C) Actually, they were originally intended to impress and even terrify the enemy. D) A successful uniform needs to balance two key sets of needs, E) Stil, dark colours give an aura of authority while lighter shades suggest approachabity. Senior: = The government has been funding a loans. ‘scheme for students in higher education since 1990. Freshman: = Really? Who can apply for it? Senior: Freshman: = I'ma US resident, unfortunately. ‘A) The income of your parents, spouse, partner cor other relatives is not taken into account. 8) ‘The loan intended to supplement the grant for living costs. C) Eligible courses are offered by colleges, universes and other publicly funded institutions. D) Those who are UK residents and are ‘attending a full-time higher education course {are eligible fora student loan. ) Fulltime courses last at least one academic year and include sandwich courses which Combine time at college with time spent in a workplace. oe | 3. George: ~ Have you over heard about the attractive thought theory that Sir William Herschel once put forward about a hidden point in space? Sulhan: = Idon't think | have. Did he claim that there is a point in space which we cannot see? George: = Yes, throughout the Earth's annual revolution around the sun there Is one point of space always hidden from our eyes, he says. Sulhan: = Amazing! And where is this point? George: ‘A) The two largest moons, Titania and Oberon, were discovered by Herschel in 1787. B) The possibilty of life on another planet that is essentially similar to our own is an exciting Prospect. C) He set himself the astonishing task of Pointing hs telescope to every accessible part ofthe sky and recording what he saw. D) We can see itn the sky only when there is light coming from the sun. ) Its the opposite part ofthe Earth's orbit, ‘hich is always hidden by the sun, Simon: = Why do you think revenue management has come about? Mark Well, there Is one basic reason: We now have very powerful computer programs to do the calculations and so the prices can be changed at a moment's notice. Simon: Mark: = That's right! In fact, it’s alla bit of a gamble. A) Yes, hire car companies are also revenue management to set their tarifs. B) You see in the past they didn't have the right to keep changing the prices of the tickets. ©) Well, thank you, Mark, for that overview. It was well researched. D) So you mean ten minutes could be critical when you're buying a plane ticket, don't you? E) I don't think so. You always have crazy ideas impossible to come true. These are all false hopes, Mark. | wrsascacassis | Scanned with CamScanner Hill!i | i 5 ‘Suat GURGAN - Ridvan GURBOZ - Ergun KABAKG Vladimir % ~ Rivor deltas are rather difficult places for map makers. Jamie: ~ That's what | heard too, but I can't exactly figure out why. Vladimir: Jami ~ Quite logical. That must be the reason. ‘A) Well, the river builds them up, the sea wears. them down; so their outlines are always ‘changing. ‘And the civil engineers are as interested in performance as in speed and size, ‘You can engineer around these problems, or you can engineer them out. ‘Only a limited amount of pile-driving is needed to support building foundations above softer areas. E) The differences are both political and geological B) °) >) Dilek: = For much of recent Western history, health has been viewed In the physical sense only. Havva: 8 Dilek: = Yes, according to this view, creating health for people means providing medical care to treat or prevent disease and illness. Hawa: = Itdoes indeed, but you and | both know that the concept of health involves much more than that. ‘A) Thats, specific behaviours which were seen. to increase risk of disease were targeted. | think the concept of health holds different ‘meanings for different people and groups. So, health in this sense has been defined as the absence of disease or ilness and is seen in medical terms. ‘While this individualistic approach to health ‘worked for some, people experiencing poverty or unemployment benefited litle from it. ‘And the fundamental conditions and resources for health are peace, shelter, ‘education, food, a viable income, social Justice and equity. 8) °) >) 5) = Ugur ALBAYRAK Elizabeth: = Have you heard that two followers of Clark Hull, Howard and Tracey Kendler, devised a test for children that was explicitly based on Clark Hull's principles. ‘Simon: = Yes, | know it. The children were given the task of leaming to operate a machine so as to geta toy. Elizabet Simon: — Yes, the stages consisted merely of pressing the correct one of two buttons to get a marble; and of inserting the marble into a small hole to release the toy. A) They did not press the button to get the marble and then proceed without further help to use the marble to get the toy. B) And, in order to succeed it, they had to go through a two-stage sequence. The children ‘were trained on each stage separately ‘Achild understands nothing, afterall, about how a marble put into a hole can open a little door. D) We may conclude, then, that children experience very real difficulty when faced with the Kendler apparatus. So the Kendlers concluded that they were incapable of deductive reasoning. °) e) Ted: — Restaurant menus and supermarkets all tend to feature always the same range of ‘meats - beef, lamb, chicken, pork, that sort of thing. Paula: ~ Yes, and but the farming of other animals ‘can bring new types of meat to our tables. Ted: = Do you mean we should expect to see a different type of meat on the menus soon? Paula: ‘A). Would you like to eat crocodile meat one day? Why not? The kangaroo, for instance, is one animal that's now being farmed for its meat. Most people think of ostriches as wild animals. ‘This is rather ko chicken, pale and tender, and i's getting quite fashionable, However, recently there's been more and ‘more interest in the development of ostrich farming in other parts of the world, 8) ce) >) e) Ww Scanned with CamScannerws bulunuz, Robin = The average distance driven by car users is growing, It increased from 8 km a day per person in Western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995, Lynne: = That's a lot. | strongly believe that this kind ‘of a dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems. Robin: = Do you mean, for example, the depletion of global oil reserves? Lynne: ‘A)_ One solution is to design well-planned cities and neighbourhoods so that car journeys are not necessary. B) In Europe most cities are stil designed for the old modes of transport. ©) Even Moscow has joined the list of capitals afflicted by congestion and traffic fumes. D) Besides, global use is increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emission rates and fuel efficiency. E) That's one of them, plus there are the issues of environmental pollution, traffic congestion and safety. Matt: = Do you care much about your appearance? ‘Simon: = I think everybody does to some extent, because in our society you have to worry about your appearance. Matt: = Why do you think so? ‘Simon: AA) Stil, | really want to have plastic surgery, but it's faiy scary. B)_ Well, in our society you are often judged by the way you look. ) think | am not the kind of person who stands in font of a mirtor before going out. D) I started worrying about my looks only after | went to college. E) Itis because there is only so much money you can spend on cosmetics. it} DIVALOG ‘Supervisor: = You know you are supposed to be here on time every day, but you're always late for work, Jon: 1m sorry about that, but there Is heavy traffic every morning. Supervisor: Jon: = promise I'l start doing that from now on. |A) Well, luse the same route as you to ‘commute to and from work, but 'm always here on time. B) Stil, you can come up with a solution of your ‘own, lke hitting the road a bit earlier in the morning. C) I know there is. But let me give you a fair ‘warning; i will not be tolerated in the future. D)_ You know itis just an excuse to cover up the fact that itis your responsibilty that causes you to be late E) But you don't have to walk to work every day. You can just drive here, \ Matt: Chris: = That might be a good idea, especially to avoid burn-out, and | suggest the practice of forest bathing. Mat = It sounds familiar, but | don't know what exactly you mean by that. Chris: = Itis about camping, for example, in the woods for a while to escape the daily grind. A) Youknow, with my hectic work schedule lately, | am beginning to feel that I need a break. B) What do you say we go out fora walk during lunch-break in the park? ©) think | will tender my resignation unless the ‘working conditions in the office improve. 1D) We humans are unbelievable: we keep destroying everything that is actually good for us like forests E)_ Some momings, | just don't fee! like getting ‘up and going to work. i 3 : i Scanned with CamScannerI www.modadilcom Suat GURCAN Jane: — Do you know that in some housing estates, a koy alone is insufficiont to get someone In the door; his or her voiceprint must also be verified. Tim ~~ Of course, and soon, customers at some banks will have to present their facos for scanning before they can enter the building and withdraw their money, Jane: ~ Ue read that all of these are applications of biometrics, a little-known but fast-growing technology that involves tho uso of physical or biological characteristics to identity individuals. Tim: AA). Systems using fingerprints, hands, voices, iises, retinas and faces aro already on the market )_Inother words. the fist commercial biomatrc, hand reador used by an American fim to monitor employee attendance, was introduced in 1974. ©) And the world’s largest maker of cash dispensers is developing new machines that incorporate irs scanners 1D) You're right. In use for more than a decade at ‘some high-security government institutions, biometrics are now rapidly popping up in the everyday world. E) Students who want to enter the some Universities need more than just a conventional ID card. Their identities must be ‘authenticated by an electronic hand scanner Kathy: Video games, especially violont ones, actualy decrease youth crime rates instead of Increasing them. Berk: = How come? That doosn’t make much sense. Kathy: Berk: = So, you are saying video games mako young people less violent, not more. first, | thought it didn't make senso, B) Itall depends on whether the game is an ‘educational one or it just contains a lot of violence. €) Itdoes, actually, considering the fact that teenagers get some of their aggression out by playing these games. 1D) I think researchers ignore the long term effects Cf playing video games that contain a lot of violence. ) No, it doesn't. Violent video games encourage ‘crime, especially among young people. Rudvan GURBL A Ergun KABAKGI Ugur ALBAYRA Stolta Roso ~ But tho fact of tho matter is pooplo started ‘exploring space long before anyone could travel thoro, right? ‘Tho first spaco oxplorers wore tho anclent Egyptians and Arabs who studiod tho sky and passed along thelr knowledge to tho anciont Grooks. Rose: = Intorosting. | havo always thought that Itwas tho Grooks who studied the skios bofore any other civilization did. a) B) ©) D) gE) Tho first important Greek astronomer to suggest that Earth was round when people thought it was flat was Pythagoras. ‘Many people think that exploration of space began whien people first put on space suits ‘and went up in rocket ships. People in the medieval ages were used to bolieving that Earth was the centro of everything. {the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei had insisted that Earth moves around the Sun, he ‘would have been put fo death. i Through the 1700s, 1800s and 1900s, 7 scientists used telescopes to explore space ‘and made many discoveries, Mike: = Did you hear about the twins that were born In tho United States last week? Leonard: i = No, | did not. What's so special about them? / Mike: = Woll, they are monoambiotic twins, which . moans they shared the same amniotic c and placenta. That happens only one in 10,000 births. Leonard: A) 8) °) D) E) Yes, the odds of having twins are a lot higher now than they wore a few decades ago. | think people should not be encouraged to have twins as there is already a population ‘oxplosion under way. That sil does not oxplain why so many pople want to have twins, and change their lfestyl in that endeavour. Now that I think about it, it makes sense why {have been seeing so many twins around lately. That's 60 rarol And it sounds extremely risky as | imagine there is a high chance of ‘becoming entangled in the umbilical cords. Ww) Scanned with CamScanner\ = Do you think thero fs Intelligent life out thore in the universe? sizo of the universe 9f of planotary ‘good chance, first boforo wo can find them. A) Sodo you think we have a chance of encountering alien if in our own solar systom? B) Well, how do the scientists come up with those figures regarding the numbers of planets and planetary systems? ) Thon, do you believe any possible alien life form would be hostile or friendly towards us? D) But don't you think aliens would have found us by now if they really existed? E)_ Why do you think we are much more primitive than other alien civilizations? Bacon: = Ill be visiting San Francisco next month as a part of my vacation. Roger: = San Francisco? That's my hometown; I'm from there. Bacon: Roger: = Woll, I's probably tho architecturo. Ther a lot of unique bulldings. A) Oh really? Then you are the one to tell me what is special about it. B) Then you know the Golden Gate Bridge is the symbol of San Francisco. C) Tho most expensive area Is a place called Pacific Heights, which overlooks the Bay. D) So you must have been to the Alcatraz numerous times. E)_ You aro? So | think you know whether this is. ‘a,good time to visit San Francisco, Sam = Ihave road that Neandertals possessed a ‘good knowledge of medicinal plants and thelr various anti-inflammatory and pain- relieving propertios. Norman: Sam: = You know that makes me feo! that they might be underestimated in many aspects. Norman: = Considering tho fact that they have a ‘substantial amount of medicinal knowledge, they might have been much more advanced ‘than we usually give them credit for. A) This certainly contrasts markedly with the rather simplistic view of them in popular imagination. B) A.good amount of knowledge we have about them comes from fossil analyses that were deep in caves. C) Most modern Europeans and Asians have between 1 and 4 percent Neanderthal DNA. D) Itis believed that humans first encountered Neanderthals when they migrated from Africa to Europe about 60,000 years ago. ) Their voices might have been affected by their deep rib cages and large nasal cavities. Carrie: = According to some research, people who fave children live longer than people who don't. Peter: =I think I can show you a number of studies that claim otherwise. Carte: = So, are you saying that having children does not have anything to do with a prolonged Mfespan? Peter: ‘A) Well, research shows that having children defiritely plays a very important role in living longer. B) Besides passing on your legacy, you will hhave someone to take care of you in old age, C) Marriage is sometimes more beneficial to ‘men’s survival than to women’s. 1D) In fact, what I'm trying to tell you is there are contradicting studies on the issue, E) Surprisingly, people who don't have kids are happier than those who do. Scanned with CamScanner wwwmodadilcom |wwwmiodadilcom Suat GURCAN - Ridvan GORBUZ - Ergun KABAKGI - Ugur ALBAYRAK Conan: ~ Scientists have been trying to decipher the mysterious “Phaistos Disk” ever since the 4,000-year-old clay disk was discovered in 1908 on the Greek island of Crete. O'Brian: = thought they had already figured out ‘everything about it. Conan: OpBrian: = No surprises there. Many kinds of artifacts like that are known to contain prayers, or a sort of religious meaning. ‘A) Noone seems to have been able to translate. the mysterious language inscribed on the disk, dating back to 1700 B.C. B) Do you think it would be that easy to understand what a clay disk like that may be worth? C) Ancient relics are just amazing if you ask me. They offer many mysteries that are hard to crack D) I don't know about that, but | thought you'd be interested in hearing what | had to say. ) Not exactly. They are still scratching their heads about it, but the prevailing theory is that ittmay be carrying a prayer to an ancient god. Todd: = I'm on the point of giving up on learning Russian. It seems like I keep forgetting the meanings of the words and phrases all the Todd: ~ But the process can be overwhelming. Sometimes, | feel like | will never be ‘successful in learning the language. Jonathan: FA = Most language learners experience that feoling, but as long as you keep trying, you'll get over it and eventually succeed. ‘A) 1am suffering from the same problem, and no matter what | do, I don't seem to be able toget overt B) Well, that's not unexpected while learning a new language. That's why you need to be persistent, and you should never give up. ©) And on top of that, they have a different alphabet, which, by itself, presents a whole set of problems. 1D) So, that could mean only one thing: you're trying in vain and stop trying to tearn it immediately. E) Not exactly! Vocabulary is the hardest part of all, especially when you try to memorize so ‘many words with different meanings James: = The generation gap has always been an issue, but | think it has become more apparent today than ever before. James: = You're probably right. In a span of one generation, we have undergone changes that could only be seen in three or four generations in the past. Kirk: ~ True, and that has caused the younger generation to become more detached from the older one. A) Do you really believe that the generation gap is a more serious problem than it was before? B)_ I don't think | totally agree with you. The younger generation stil has a fot to leam ‘rom the elderiy. C) I tend to think that the problem is more closely associated with the bad attitudes of the young people. 1D) But you seem to be forgetting the fact that the older generation tends to be wiser. E) Well, that's because of the rapid technological changes we've been going through in the last few decades. John: Do you know what the term “W-FI" stands for? Brian: ~ Well, ! know that the “Wi” part stands for “wireless”, but | am not sure about the “Fi”. John: Brian: ~ Really? It sounds like it must mean something, but apparently it does not. ‘A) tis interesting that almost no one has an idea about what it stands for. B) | think it probably has something to do with fiber optics. C) mot surprised, because the *Fi* doesn't ‘mean anything 1D) Soave you telling me that you know what half of it means? E)_ You know | have to look it up myself since you have no clue about it ws Scanned with CamScanneryi Amy: =I got a zero from the history exam, becat I got caught with an open book under the desk. Lauren: Amy: ~ But | completely forgot that we had an exam that day. Lauren = Well, that's even more irresponsible of you. ‘A) Oh, did you? Wel, you should take me as a role model. | never get caught cheating B) Some teachers pay more attention than others to what students are up to during the ‘exams. C) You know you will have an opportunity in the ext exam to make things right. 1D) That's a well-deserved zero then. You should have just studied instead of resorting to cheating. E) Don't worry about it. Your grade in history does not make much difference in your grade point average. Romero: lan: Prat is especially true for lite children who constantly interact with objects around the house. Romero: ; Yes, and that's why certain precautions need to be taken to make home a safer place for them. Dylan: = Now that | have a toddler at home, that is, exactly what lam doing. ‘A) Ihave always wanted to have children. Have yyou ever thought about it? B) The experiences in early child development play a critical role in adult life. ©) I think there are too many unnecessary items lying around in my house. D) You know accidents that occur at home can cause injuries and sometimes even death, )_ Raising a child can cost you more than you ‘can ever imagine, Melanie: Greg = You're right. | heard that less than 1% of household waste goes to landfills there. Melanie: =Can you beliove that? What's more interesting is that they have gotten so good at waste management that other countries actually pay them to take care of their trash. Greg: = That shows the extent of their expertise in dealing with trash, ‘A)_ Burning trash contributes to CO, emissions, ‘something which most people afe against. B) The world produces 1.2 billion tons of trash annually. C) You can't help but admire Sweden when it comes to waste management. 1D) Many countries around the world need to efficiently engage in recycling if they want to avoid a massive crisis in the future. ) find it interesting that the problem of excessive trash accumulating throughout the worid is largely ignored. Chester: = walk into the grocery store with a couple of items on my list, but somehow | end up buying many more items. Julie: = You're not the only one. According toa research, most shoppers leave with almost {60% more than they intended to buy. Chester: = That's a lot. There must be a kind of trick involved. Jul ‘A)_ What | do is! go shopping when I'm not hungry. which significantly reduces my spending B) Wel, grocery stores are set up specifically to lure people into buying more than they meant... to, C) Stil, the studies are not the most reliable source of information on people's shopping habits 1D) Why don't you go to a cheaper supermarket? ‘That will help you spend loss money, E) True. Getting people to buy more than they feed is not as easy to do as people seem to believe. it Me Scanned with CamScanner| wil ‘Suat GURCAN - Ridvan GURBUZ - Ergun KABAKG! - Ugur ALBAYRAK Peter: ~ did not know that a wedding would cost me as much as it di Katie: — Well, | wouldn't be surprised, because getting married is an expensive business. Peter; 7% Katie: = You're right, and those are actually what makes a wedding as costly as it is. A) Soare you saying that you got away with a cheaper wedding? know, but there were numerous seemingly useless, and unnecessary details that cost a lot of money. Well, you should have thought about that before you decided to get married. Itis just that you spend so much money that you can't enjoy the wedding ceremony itself, ‘while everybody else seems to be having fun. Yes, and | wouldn't have survived it without the financial contribution of my far 8) c) oD) —) Anni je ‘Can you believe that its snowing in the month of May in the northern hemisphere? Marty: Ann: People keep saying that, but is there any real proof that climate change is the real reason behind the weather extremes? Marty: = Of course there is, but most people are oblivious to it, because they don't educate themselves about it. ‘A) That's not usual, but | am not surprised given the climate change we are going through. Unbelievable, butifit were the southern hemisphere, that would have been considered normal. remember seeing snow a couple of years ago in June, let alone May. B) c) Well, there are some areas that are covered with snow all year round. No, I cannot. | don't think you ean show me ‘one place in the northern hemisphere where it snows in May. D) 5) Michae = Ibelieve that the saying ‘might is right’ could easily be applicable to our modem world. Gill = Thave never heard of that phrase. Michaet: =You haven't? It means those who are powerful can do what they wish unchallenged, even if their action is in fact unjustified. Gilt: ‘A)_ That's strange. | alvays thought that it meant ‘something completely different. | can't believe you support those who treat others unfairly and use any means to get what they want. You are right then; that sounds like what's, happening in today's world Problems that seem impossible to solve may actually be easily resolved sometimes. ‘You cannot justify a wrong action by pointing out the ones that are just worse. 8) ©) D) 5) Barbara: = I'm thinking of doing some volunteer work this summer. Sar Barbara: = That Is just pathatic. | don't want to belleve that there are people like that. ‘Sam: = Oh, trust me, there are many. |A) Volunteer work? That's great thinking. It makes me so happy to know that there are stil people lke you. Good idea! Do you think maybe | can join you and we can get more people to join us? There are many people out there who are involved in volunteer work. Do you have to be one of them? Good thinking, but I don’t think they need a lot of volunteers this year, That's a noble enterprise, but you should be careful about people who abuse volunteers and the work they do. 8) °) D) &) ws Scanned with CamScannerwi tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi Greg: = The number of people following a vegetarian diet is increasing, Tommy: Itis, actually. Why do you think someone decides to be a vegetarian? Greg: Tommy: = True, or maybe It is alittle bit of both, ‘A) Well, they may be concerned about their health or about animal rights. B) think it has something to do with the abuse of animals. C) Because a vegetarian diet offers numerous health benefits. 1D) There could be a number of reasons for that. £) Idon't know, but vegetarians consume animal related food whether they realize it or not. Ky =Thave eight hours of classes on Monday and twelve on Wednesday according to my ‘schedule for the upcoming semest Stanley: = So, considering that you are required to take twenty hours of classes this semester, you'll be covering them in just two days. Kyl = That's right, but it can be exhausting to attend eight hours a day, let alone twelve. Stanley: |A) They've given me twenty hours this semester, and | am not complaining, B) I can't argue that, but look at the bright side, you'll have other days all to yourself, C) {don't know about you, but 'm thinking of including three mid-terms this semester. D) Then Mondays and Wednesdays should be relatively relaxing for you. E) Well, have only three more courses to take before | can graduate. DIVALOG Matt: ~ Tsunami alerts can be issued minutes of an earthquake occurring thanks to advanced tsunami warning systems. Claire: Matt: What do you mean? Cai ~ Imean people living in coastal areas know to evacuate immediately to higher ground if they feel a large earthquake. A). Yes, but the most effective warning for people is the earthquake itsetf. B) I know, but | wish they could find a way to predict when a tsunami wil strike. (©) What about the people who do not have enough time to evacuate? D) Those systems can be very effective in saving lives. ) That's true, but how do they know when exactly an earthquake will strike? Jack: = Well, it depends on why you want to exercise. Dan: =I think I'm looking to lose weight. Jack: = Then, moming may be the best. According to multiple stuc breakfast is better for controll and improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. ‘A)_ Exercising late in the day can interfere with sleep, while morning exercise can help you get a good night's sleep. B)_'mthinking of starting to exercise, but can’t decide whether it would be more beneficial to do it in the morning or in the evening. ©) Morning is the best time for maintaining ‘a consistent exercise schedule, because there could be last minute obligations in the evening D) heard that the stress hormone cortisol is the highest in the morning and decreases. throughout the day, E) Do you think I need to sign up for a gym to start exercising or | can do it myself at home? Scanned with CamScanner