QUESTION BANK

Antenna and Wave Propagation

ECE 3rD YEAR, 6TH SEM
Course – Outcomes
COs Description
CO1 Define various antenna parameters.
CO2 Understand the various special antennas with their applications.
CO3 Understand the reflector antennas & types of reflector antennas.
CO4 Understand the various antenna parameter measurements & antenna arrays.
C05 Discuss radio wave propagation
Unit -1

Objective Question

S.No. Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1. Radiation pattern is _____ 1 1 Remember 1
dimensional quantity (level 1)
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Single
(d) Non
2. The basic requirements of 1 1 Understand 1
transmitting antennas are: (level 2)
(a) High efficiency
(b) Low Side lobes
(c) Large signal to noise ratio
(d) None of the mentioned
3. ________ is also called as 3-dB 1 1 Understand 1,2
bandwidth (level 2)
(a) FNBW
(b) HPBW
(c) Both a and b
(d) None
4. ____ of an antenna is a plot of 1 1 Understand 1,2
the magnitude of the far field (level 2)
strength versus position around
the antenna.
(a) Radiation pattern
(b) Directivity
(c) Beam width
(d) None
5. If the power input to an antenna 1 1 Understand 1,2
is 100 mW and if the radiated (level 2)
power is measured to be 90
mW, then the efficiency of the
antenna is.
(a) 75%
(b) 80%
(c) 90%
(d) insufficient data
True/False

S.No. Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1. Beamwidth and directivity are 1 1 Understand 1
both measures of the focusing (level 2)
ability of an antenna.
2. Antenna are bidirectional 1 1 Remember 1
devices. (level 1)
3. Power radiated from an antenna 1 1 Understand 1
per unit solid angle is called (level 2)
radiation intensity.
4. Effective aperture is a 1 1 Understand 1
parameter of the antenna that (level 2)
gives the physical aperture of
the antenna.
5. When the separation between 1 1 Remember 1,2
two lines that carry the TEM (level 1)
wave approaches λ the wave
tends to be radiated.

Short answer type Question

S.No Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1. a) Define an Antenna? 1 Remember 1,2
b) Define the term HPBW. (level 1)
2. Relate the Gain and Directivity 1 Remember 1,2,12
of an antenna through proper (level 1)
expression.
3. A radio link has a 15-W 1 Remember 1,2,3
Transmitter connected to an (level 1)
antenna of 2.5m2 effective
aperture at 5 GHz. The receiving
antenna has an effective
aperture of 0.5 m2the
transmitting and is located at a
15-Km Line-of-sight distance
from the transmitting antenna.
Assuming lossless, matched
antennas, find the power
delivered to the receiver.
Estimate the power delivered to
RXF
4. Calculate the directivity of an 1 Applying 1,2,3
antenna, if HPBW on one plane (level 3)
is 300 and 600 on orthogonal
plane?
5. Derive Friss Transmission 1 Analyze 1,2
formula. (level 4)
6. Solve the HPBW for an antenna 1 Applying 1,2,3,4
with a field pattern given by (level 3)
E(Ø)=Cos2Ø for 0 ≤̊ Ø≤90 ̊

Long answer type Question

S.No. Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1. Describe the antenna 1 Understand 1,12
parameters. (a) Gain (b) (level 2)
Bandwidth (c) Input Impedance
(d) Effective aperture
2. (a)To describe the gain of an 1 Understand 2,3,4
antenna, any of the terms (level 2)
directive gain, directivity or
power gain may be used. Define
each of them and explain how
each is related to other two.

(b) Explain the polarization.

3. A transmitting antenna has an 1 Analyze 1,2,3,4
effective height 2/π times the (level 4)
physical length. This carries a
current of 1600A at the base
and operating at a frequency of
20khz. If the physical length of
the antenna is 200mt. and
antenna efficiency is 10%.
Calculate:
1. Electric field intensity at
350km.
2. Radiation resistance
3. Power radiated
4. Power input in the antenna
5. The voltage in the receiving
antenna of 100m effective
height at a distance of 350km.
4. Define: 1 Remember 1,12
1. Hertzian dipole (level 1)
2. Beam solid angle
3. HPBW and BWFN
4. Reciprocity theorem

UNIT 2
Objective Question

S.No. Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1. How are the infinitesimal 1 2 Remember 1,2
dipoles represented in terms of (level 1)
antenna length and signal
wavelength?
a. l ≤ (λ /50)
b. (λ/50 ) < l ≤ (λ /10)
c. l =λ/2
d. None of theabove
2. What is the nature of radiation 1 2 Remember 1
pattern of an isotropic antenna? (level 1)
a.Spherical
b.Dough-nut
c.Elliptical
d.Hyperbolic

3. Which kind of polarization is 1 2 Remember 1,2

provided by helical antennas? (level 1)
a.Plane
b.Elliptical
c.Circular
d.All of theabove
4. Yagi-Uda antenna Consists of: 1 2 Remember 1,2
a. Folded dipole (level 1)
b. Reflector
c. Directors
d. All of the above

5. In a horn antenna, with increase 1 2 Understand 1,2

in aperture, the directivity is (level 2)
____ and diffraction is ______
a) increased, decreased
b) decreased, increased
c) increased, increased
d) decreased, decreased
True/False Question

S.No. Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1. In unequal conductor folded 1 2 Remember 1
dipole, the diameter of the (level 1)
conductor of feed arm and the
non feed arm are unequal.
2. A narrow beam-width is 1 2 Understand 1
obtained through a large (level 2)
number of directors.
3. Principle used in Horn antenna 1 2 Remember 1,4
 is Huygens principle. (level 1)
4. Practically we don’t use 1 2 Remember 2,3
Hertzian dipole. (level 1)
5. The radiation resistance of a 1 2 Remember 2,4
monopole is ½ times the (level 1)
current element.

Short answer type Question

S.No. Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1. Explain in detail the working 2 Understand 1,2,3,10
principle of Loop antenna. (level 2)
2. With a suitable diagram, 2 Understand 2,3,4,5,9
discuss the construction and (level 2)
operation of a yagi-Uda
antenna?
3. Design a 3 element Yagi-Uda 2 Create 2,3,4,5,9,11
antenna to operate at a (level 6)
frequency of 200 MHz
4. Derive the expression for the 2 Analyze 2,3,4
far field component of a half (level 4)
wave dipole antenna.

5. How will be the radiation in 2 Analyze 2,3

Axial and Normal modes of (Level 4)
Helical antenna.

6. Explain in detail the working 2 Understand 2,3

principle of helical antenna in (level 2)
Normal and axial mode.

Long answer type Question

S.No. Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1. What are Hertzian dipoles? 2 Analyze 2,4,12
Derive the electric and (Level 4)
magnetic field quantities of
infinitesimal dipole and
radiation pattern.
2. Explain the special features of 2 Understand 1,10,12
various types of Horn (level 2)
antennas.
3. a)Explain the loop antenna and 2 Evalute 3,4,5,9
drive an expression for (level 5)
radiation resistance of a loop
antenna
 b) Determine the voltage
induced in a frame loop
antenna that has 12 turns and
is 1 m square. The incident
wave of 100 µV/m field
strength and of 10 MHz
frequency. The frame of the
loop is parallel to the direction
of propagation of the waves.
4. Explain the dipole antenna and 2 Understand 3,4,5
Obtain the Radiation (level 2)
Resistance of Half wave Dipole
or Quarter wave Monopole
Antennas.

UNIT 3

Objective Question:

S.NO Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1. Which conversion mechanism 1 3 Remember 1,2
is performed by parabolic (level 1)
reflector antenna?
a.Plane to sphericalwave
b.Spherical to planewave
c.Both a and b
d.None of theabove
2. Which of the following is a 1 3 Remember 1,3
dual reflector antenna? (level 1)
a) Cassegrain antenna
b) Parabolic antenna
c) Offset reflector antenna
d) Wire antenna
3. A corner reflector is converted 1 3 Understand 2,3
to plane reflector when the (level 2)
corner angle is ______
a) 90°
b) 180°
c) 45°
d) 60°
4. Corner angle of a corner 1 3 Understand 2,3
reflector with 4 current (level 2)
elements is ______
a) π/4
b) π/2
c) π/8
 d) 4π
5. To obtain maximum beam 1 3 Understand 1,3
pattern, the primary radiator is (level 2)
placed ______ in a reflector
antenna.
a) between Focus and Directrix
b) after the focus
c) at the focus point
d) can be placed anywhere

True/False Question

S.No Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1 Reflector antenna operates on 1 3 Remember 1,5
the Geometric optics principle? (level 1)
2 Corner reflector is designed for 1 3 Remember 1,3
radiation in forward direction (level 1)
unlike in plane reflector.
3 In a paraboloid antenna, all 1 3 Understand 1,2
rays leaving the focal point are (level 2)
collimated along the reflector’s
axis after reflection.
4 The beam gets deteriorated 1 3 Understand 1,2
when it is moved along a line (level 2)
perpendicular to the main axis
passing through focus?
5 Minor lobe radiation increases 1 3 Remember 2,3
regarding the Cassegrain feed (level 1)
system

Short answer type Question

S.No Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1 Describe the different types of 3 Remember 1,12
reflector antenna and List out (level 1)
the application of reflector
antennas.
2 Explain advantages and 3 Understand 1,12
disadvantages of Corner and (level 2)
Flat sheet reflectors?
3 With neat sketches explain the 3 Understand 2,3,4
structure and operation of (level 2)
parabolic reflector antennas.
4 List out the differences 3 Understand 2
between active and passive (level 2)
corner reflectors.
5 Explain how a parabolodial 3 Understand 2
antenna gives a highly (level 2)
directional pattern. what are
the practical applications of
such an antenna
6 Find the diameter of the 3 Apply 2,3
reflector antenna that has a 0.5 (level 3)
deg HPBW at a frequency of 8.2
GHz. Assume an efficiency
constant = 0.6. Calculate the
antenna gain and effective
aperture.

Long answer type Question

S.No Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1 Explain Feed methods of 3 Understand 1,12
Parabolic reflector in detail? (level 2)
2 a) Describe the cassegrain 3 Apply 2,3,11
method of feeding a parabolic (level 3)
reflector?
b) A parabolic reflector antenna
with diameter 20 m, is designed
to operate at frequency of
6GHz and illumination efficiency
of 0.54. Calculate antenna gain
3 a) A paraboloid reflector 3 Apply 2,3
antenna is designed for (level 3)
operation at 3000MHz. Its
largest aperture dimension is
20ft. For measurement of
radiation pattern, what should
be minimum distance between
primary and secondary
antenna.
b) Briefly explain about Flat
Sheet reflectors.

4 a) Describe the methods of 3 Understand 2,3,5

feeding a paraboloid reflector (level 2)
in which the primary antenna is
located at the focal point.
b) The diameter of a parabolic
reflector is 2m. For operation at
6 GHz, find the beam width
between first nulls and the gain
 UNIT 4

Objective Questions

S.No Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1 In broadside array, all the 1 4 Remember 1
elements in the array should (level 1)
have similar excitation along
with similar amplitude
excitation for maximum
radiation.
a.Phase
b.Frequency
c.Current
d.Voltage
2 Which among the following is 1 4 Remember 1
regarded as a condition of an (level 1)
ordinary endfirearray?
a.α <βd
b.α >βd
c.α =±βd
d.α ≠±βd
3 If a linear uniform array 1 4 Understand 2
consists of 9 isotropic elements (level 2)
separated by λ/4, what would
be the directivity of a broadside
array indB?
a.6.53 dB
b.7.99dB
c.8.55dB
d.9.02dB
4 Which of the following antenna 1 4 Remember 2,3
ranges are used to avoid (level 1)
limitations due to
electromagnetic interference?
a) Anechoic Chambers
b) Slant height
c) Outdoor ranges
d) Reflection range
5 In which of the following 1 4 Remember 1
method does not require (level 1)
standard gain of antennas for
gain measurements to compare
AUT?
a) Absolute gain
b) Gain transfer method
c) Gain compromise method
d) Both gain transfer and
absolute gain method
True/False Question

S.No Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1 Antenna range refers to the 1 4 Remember 2,3
measurement of antenna (level 1)
parameters.
2 Friss equation provided the 1 4 Understand 1,12
basis for the absolute gain (level 2)
measurement.
3 Spectrum Analyzer is time 1 4 Remember 1,12
domain instrument. (level 1)
4 The electrical size of antenna is 1 4 Understand 2,3
increased by antenna array to (level 2)
avoid size lobes compared to
single antenna.
5 All the elements must be 1 4 Remember 2,3,4
identical to apply pattern (level 1)
multiplication principle.

Short answer type Question

S.No Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1 Explain: 4 Understand 1,12
a) Driven array (level 2)
b) Colinear array
c) Phased array
d) Conformal array
e) Adaptive array
2 Using pattern multiplication 4 Remember 2,3
find the radiation pattern for (level 1)
the broadside array of 4
elements, spacing between
each element is λ/2.
3 For a 2 element linear antenna 4 Analyze 2,3
array separated by a (level 4)
distance4/3d, derive the
field quantities and draw its
radiation pattern for the phase
difference of 450
4 Compare End fire and 4 Understand 2
Broadside array. (level 2)
5 Derive Array factor of an 4 Analyze 2,9
Uniform linear array. Explain (level 4)
the significance of array factor.
6 Explain in detail about the 4 Understand 2,7,9
Binomial Arrays. (level 2)
Long answer type Question

S.No Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1 Obtain the radiation pattern of 4 Understand 2,3
8-isotropic elements fed in (level 2)
phase and spaced /2 apart
using Principle of
Multiplication of patterns.
2 With neat sketches explain 4 Understand 2,3,9
about Broad Side, End Fire and (level 2)
increased End Fire Arrays.
3 What are the different 4 Understand 1,2,12
methods used for Gain (level 2)
measurement and explain
about them.
4 How the pattern and Directivity 4 Remember 1,2,12
of antennas can be measured. (level 1)

UNIT 5

Objective Question

S.No Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1 Which ionization layer exists 1 5 Remember 1
during day time & usually (level 1)
vanishes at night due to
highest recombination rate?
a.D-region
b.NormalE-region
c.Sporadic E-region
d.Appletonregion

2 What is the possible range of 1 5 Remember 1,2

height for the occurrence of (level 1)
sporadic E-regionwith respect
to normalE-region?
a.20 km –50km
b.45 km –85km
c.90 km –130 km
d. 140 km –200 km
3 Which type of ground wave 1 5 Remember 1,2
travels over the earth surface (level 1)
by acquiring direct path
through air from transmitting
to receiving antennas?
a.Surface wave
 b.Space wave
c.Both a &b
d.None of theabove
4 If the maximum electron 1 5 Apply 1,2
density for F-layer in (level 3)
ionosphere is 4 x 106
electrons/cm3, then what will
be the critical frequency of EM
wave forF-layer?
a.4MHz
b.9MHz
c.18MHz
d.25MHz
5 The line –of- sight (LOS) 1 5 Understand 1
distance is the distance (level 2)
travelled by the ________
wave.
a. diffracted b. Scattered
c. Reflected d. Direct

True/False Question

S.No Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1 Critical frequency is the lowest 1 5 Remember 1
frequency that returns from (level 1)
Ionosphere at vertical
frequency
2 Maximum Usable Frequency 1 5 Remember 1,2
(MUF) is the highest frequency (level 1)
that returns from Ionosphere
Other than vertical frequency.
3 Virtual height is always lesser 1 5 Remember 1,2,3
than the Actual height. (level 1)
4 The frequency for satellite 1 5 Remember 2,3
communication should be less (level 1)
than the critical frequency.
5 The abnormal variation in 1 5 Understand 2,3,4
ionosphere is Ionospheric (level 2)
storm.

Short answer type Question

S.No Question Marks CO BL PO PI
1 a) Define Critical frequency? 5 Remember 2,3,12
b) How are critical frequency (level 1)
and Maximum usable
frequency related?
2 Differentiate Virtual height 5 Understand 1,2
from actual height. (level 2)
3 What are the features of 5 Remember 1,2
troposcatter propagation? (level 1)
4 Draw the various layers of 5 Remember 9,12
atmospheric structure. (level 1)
5 Find the maximum distance 5 Analyzing 2,3
that can be covered by a space (level 4)
wave, when the antenna
heights are 60m and 120m.
6 Explain the duct propagation 5 Understand 1,2,3,12
and M-curves in detail? (level 2)

Long answer type Question

S.No Question Marks CO BL PO PI

1 Explain the terms: MUF, Skip 5 Understand 1,2,12
distance, Virtual height, Duct (level 2)
propagation, fading.
2 Explain the concept of 5 Understand 2,12
refrection and reflection of (level 2)
sky wave by ionosphere.
3 Discuss the ionosphere 5 Understand 2,12
region and the Importance of (level 2)
D,E,F1& F2 layers
4 Describe the mechanism of 5 Understand 2,12
space wave propagation over (level 2)
ideal flat earth with a neat
sketch?