Lecture 2.

STANDARD PRESCRIPTION PHRASES INDICATING ORDERS

AND INSTRUCTIONS

In this lecture you will:

• Learn basic standard phrases used in prescriptions
• Learn clinic Latin and Greek component elements used in drug names
• Learn Latin and Greek component elements carrying information on chemical
composition of a drug
 
The sections of the lectures:
I. Standard prescription phrases indicating orders and instructions
II. Clinic Latin and Greek component elements used in drug names
III. Latin and Greek component elements carrying information on chemical
composition of a drug
IV. Exercises.
 I. STANDARD PRESCRIPTION PHRASES INDICATING ORDERS
AND INSTRUCTIONS

In the Latin part of a prescription some verb forms are used which indicate
orders and instructions. They are required in order to give to a pharmacist
instructions how to make up and dispense drugs. You should learn these verb
forms as standard prescription phrases.
The meaning “order, instruction, direction” is expressed in the Latin part of a
prescription by “imperative moode” and “conjunctive moode” of a Latin
verb.
а) Imperative mode From all imperative mode forms only the 2nd person
singular form is used in prescriptions. You will have to memorize standard
prescription phrases in the imperative mode as follows:

• Recĭpe Take, receive

• Da Give

• Signa Write on a label

• Misce Mix

• Sterilĭsa! (with the exclamation Sterilize!

mark)
• Adde Add

• Da tales doses Give of such doses

b) Conjunctive mode The Latin conjunctive mode has many meanings. Only
one meaning “order, instruction, direction” is used in prescriptions. These
forms are translated from Latin into English with the word-combination “let
it be”. You will have to memorize standard prescription phrases in the
conjunctive mode as follows:

• Detur Let it be given

• Signētur Let it be labeled

• Misceātur Let it be mixed

• Sterilisētur! (with the exclamation Let it be sterilized!

mark)
• Repetātur Let it be repeated

• Dentur tales doses Let it be given of such doses

• Attention!!! - Prescription phrases in imperative and conjunctive modes have
the same meaning: order, instruction, direction, therefore they are completely
equal and interchangeable. You may use each of them.
в) Verb fiěri in prescriptions The prescription phrase with the verb fieri is
often used in prescriptions.
Model: Misce, (ut) fiat + pharmaceutical form in Nominative singular
Note: Conjunction ut is usually omitted
Examples:

• Misce, fiat pulvis. Mix to make a powder

• Misce, fiat unguentum. Mix to make an ointment
• Misce, fiat linimentum. Mix to make a liniment
 II. CLINIC LATIN AND GREEK COMPONENT ELEMENTS USED IN
DRUG NAMES

• In drug names some clinical Latin and Greek component elements are used
which are already known to you. You will have to pay attention to their
spelling and meaning in the pharmaceutical terminology:
## Latin Meaing Examples

-angi-, -vas-, spasmolytics, Angiotensinamidum

1. referring to vessels Vasographinum
-cardi-, -cor-, -cord- cardiovascular drugs Cardiovalenum
2. Corazolum
-chol- cholagogic, bile- Chologonum
3. expelling
-cyt- (from Greek «cell») Cytamenum
4. antianemic drugs

-derm- for treatment of skin Dermosolonum

5. diseases
-erythr- (from Greek «red») Erythromycinum
6.
glyc- (from Greek «sweet») Glycerophosphatum
7.
-haem-, -aem- drugs influencing Haematogenum
8. hemopoesis Liquaeminum
9. -hepat-, -hepar- extracts from liver Vitohepatum

10. -lys(in)- drugs for destruction and Sarcolysinum

excretion
11. -my(o)- (from Greek «muscle») Myostatinum

12. -myel(o)- referring to brain Myelosanum

13. -neo-, -nov- (from Greek «new») Neocidum Novandrolum

14. -pan- (from Greek «total») Pantocidum

15. -physi(o)- referring to physical Physiolactinum

properties
16. -poly- (from «many») Polyvaccinum

17. -pyo- antipurulent drugs Pyocidum

18. -thyr- drugs influencing functions Methothyrinum

of the thyroid gland
 III. GREEK AND LATIN ELEMENTS CARRYING
INFORMATION ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A DRUG
## Latin Meaing Examples

-aeth- containing ethyl Aethinalum

1.
-(a)zin-, -zol-, -(a)zid- containing nitrogen Aminazinum, Corazolum
2. Saluzidum
-benz- containing benzol Benzonalum
3.
-chlor- containing chlorine Chloraminum
4.
-cyan- (from Greek «cyanus» - Cyanidum
5. blue)
-hydr- water, hydrogen Hydrocortisonum
6.
-meth- containing methyl Methacinum
7.
-oxy- containing oxygen Oxylidinum
8.
-phen- containing phenyl Phenolum
9.
-phosph- containing phosphorus Phosphacolum
10.
-phthor- containing fluorine Phthoracizinum
11.
-thi- containing sulfur Thiophosphamidum
12.
-yl- containing hydrocarbon Methyluracilum
13. radical
 IV. VOCABULARY
Learn drug names:

1. Amўlum, i n Tritĭci (um, i n) wheat starch

2. Chloxylum, i n chloxyl

3. Dibazōlum, i n dibazol

4. Eucatōlum, i n eucatol

5. Hydrochlorothiazīdum, i n hydrochlorothiazid

6. Ichthyōlum, i n ichthyol
7. Mycosolōnum, i n mycosolon
8. Olěum (i, n) Ricĭni (us, i m) castor oil
9. Phthoruracīlum, i n phthoruracil

10. Polyphepānum, i n polyphepan

11. Solutĭo Ammonĭi (um, i n) caustĭci liquid ammonia (solution of
(us, a, um) ammonia)
12. Sulfadimezīnum, i n sulfadimezin
13. Synthomycīnum, i n synthomycin

14. Vaselīnum, i n vaseline

15. Xeroformĭum, i n xeroform

Medical plants:

16. Convallarĭa, ae f lily of the valley

17. Eucalyptus, i f eucalyptus

18. Linum, i n flax

19. Plantāgo, ĭnis f common (greated) plantain

20. Salvĭa, ae f sage

Other words:

21 antiasthmatĭcus, a, um. antiasthmatic

22. diuretĭcus, a, um diuretic, urinative

23. piperītus, a, um pepper

24. semen, ĭnis n seed

25. siccus, a, um dry

 V. EXCERCISES
Exercise 1. Read drug names, find component elements carrying information about pharmaceutical
characteristics, give their meaning:

14. Methyluracilum,
1. Benzonalum, 15. Hydrolysinum,
2. Dipheninum, 16. Nitroglycerinum,
3. Normotensum, 17. Benzobarbitalum,
4. Pyrimethaninum, 18. Methindionum,
5. Acetylcysteinum, 19. Mycoseptinum,
6. Sulfalenum, 20. Chlorochininum,
7. Penicillaminum, 21. Cyclophosphamidum,
8. Erythromycinum, 22. Cyanocobalaminum,
9. Sulfathiazolum, 23. Cerebrolysinum.
10. Sulfamethoxazolum,
11. Vancomycinum,
12. Diphenhydraminum,

13. Cyclosporinum,
 Exercise 2. Translate from English into Latin:
1. Solution of papaverin,
2. tincture of mint,
3. granules of amidopyrin,
4. ointment of xeroform,
5. tablets of sulfadimezin,
6. oil of eucalyptus,
7. motherwort herb tincture,
8. foxglove leaves powder,
9. tablets of dibazol,
10. fluid extract of hawthorn,
11. oitment of ichthyol,
12. solution of procainamid,
13. tablets of phenobarbital,
14. sage leaves tincture,
15. decoction of oak cortex,
16. mint leaves tincture,
17. emulsion of castor oil,
18. tablet of novocainamid,
19. liquid ammonia,
20. oil of peppermint,
21. eucalyptus leaves tincture,
22. tincture of calendula,
23. leaf of common plantain,
24. solution of salvin,
25. matricary leaves,
26. granule of plantaglucid,
27. drops of eucatol,
28. solution of aminophyllin,
29. coltsfoot leaf granules.
 Exercise 3. Translate from English into Latin, using the given
vocabulary:
1. Give 10 ml of epinephrin solution.
2. Take 200 ml of valerian root tinсture.
3. Add 5 ml of castor oil.
4. Give 10 ml of menthol oil.
5. Take 30,0 of xeroform ointment.
6. Mix 5 ml of mint tincture and 10 ml of motherwort tincture.
7. Add 3 ml of peppermint oil.
8. Sterilize 20 ml of castor oil.
9. Take 5,0 of boromenthol ointment.
10. Give 25,0 of synthomycin liniment.
11. Mix 10 ml of lily of the valley tincture and 15 ml of valerian tincture.
12. Give 25 ml of motherwort extract.
13. Take 20,0 of castor oil emulsion.
14. Sterilize 200 ml of novocain solution.
 List of literature:
Information is based on general literature
1. Latin and Fundamentals of Medical Terminology. For Medical Students
/Д.К. Кондратьев, О.Е. Вылегжанина, Ю.В. Князева – Гродно: ГрГМУ,
2005 – 250 с.
2. Латинский язык: учеб. пособие / Т. Л. Бухарина, В. Ф. Новодранова, Т.
В. Михина. - М. : ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2015. - 496 с. - ISBN 978-5-9704-
3182-5.
Additional literature
3. Учебное пособие, под ред. B.Ф. Новодрановой. М.: ГЭОTAP-Медиa,
2007. — 288 с. Латинско-русский и русско-латинский словарь
наиболее употребительных анатомических терминов"