Final - Arts 7.4 - Philippine Festivals and Theatrical Forms, 7 Lessons

UNIT 4:
Philippine Festivals and Theatrical Forms
Table of Contents
Introduction 4
Review 6
Lesson 1: Philippine Religious Festivals and Regional Fiestas 7

Learning Targets 7
Warm-up 7
Learn about It! 8
Check Your Understanding 13
Hands-On 14
Hearts-On 17
Lesson 2: Designing Costumes and Props for Religious Festivals 18

Learning Targets 18
Warm-up 18
Learn about It! 19
Hands-On 29
Hearts-On 31
Lesson 3: Choreographing Movements for Regional Fiestas 32

Learning Targets 32
Warm-up 32
Learn about It! 33
Hands-On 43
Hearts-On 45
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Lesson 4: Filipino Plays 46
Learning Targets 46
Warm-up 46
Learn about It! 47
Hands-On 55
Hearts-On 57
Lesson 5: Setting the Stage for Filipino Plays 58

Learning Targets 58
Warm-up 58
Learn about It! 59
Hands-On 66
Hearts-On 68
Lesson 6: Shadows and Movements 69

Learning Targets 69
Warm-up 69
Learn about It! 70
Hands-On 81
Hearts-On 84
Lesson 7: Performing Filipino Arts 85

Learning Targets 85
Warm-up 85
Learn about It! 86
Hands-On 93
Hearts-On 95
Did You Know? 96
Wrap Up 97
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Self-Check 99
Bibliography 101
Glossary 107
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GRADE 7
UNIT 4
Philippine Festivals and Theatrical Forms
Fig. 1. The Philippines is home to a lot of regional and religious festivals that reflect its colorful and wonderful
culture.
Photos from pixabay.com
Introduction
Festivals are a common part of every culture all over the world. It is an event that signifies
what the community celebrates as dictated by their traditions and beliefs. Some of these
celebrations are festive while some can be solemn and sacred. It could be a festival of the
community’s religion, folklore, and even in gratitude for a bountiful harvest. It is usually a
grandiose event participated by many.
The Philippines is a very diverse country. It is archipelagic with its people speaking different
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languages. A lot of other countries have also occupied the country bringing different
influences. However, what makes the Philippines diverse is also what makes it very interesting
and its culture very colorful.
In this unit, you will learn about the festivals in the Philippines and other theatrical forms
being performed in the country. You will look into the history behind these celebrations and
the relevance of these in our cultural identity as Filipinos. Activities are also provided to help
you appreciate the beauty and artistry of this Philippine festivals and performance art.
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Review
The Philippines consists of three main regions namely, Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao. From the
previous units, you learned about the arts and culture from these regions.
● Luzon is the most populous and largest island in the Philippines. It is located in the
northern region of the archipelago and is the economic and political center of the
nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila.
● Visayas is located in the middle parts of the Philippines. It is known historically as the
place where Spanish colonizers set foot in the Philippines. This event greatly influenced
the country towards what it is right now with Christianity as its major religion and the
language.
● Mindanao is at the southern part of the Philippines. It is surrounded by Bohol,
Philippine Celebes, and Sulu seas. It is home to many Filipino Muslims and a lot of
indigenous groups in the country like the Lumads.
● Cultural Motifs are the central theme of folk art and design. These are good
determiners of the artistry and craftsmanship of an artist and even cultural markers to
trace the influences in writing the cultural history of a society.
● Cultural heritage is a valuable feature of a particular community or society that
reflects traditions and historical significance.
● Tradition is the handing down of information, cultures, and beliefs from one
generation to another.
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Lesson 1: Philippine Religious Festivals and
Regional Fiestas
The Philippines has more than 7,000 islands and every community usually have their own
festival in honor of a saint, a religious festival, seasonal change, harvest, or in honor of the
place itself. However, festival and fiesta are sometimes referred to as different terminologies.
Learning Targets
In this lesson, you should be able to

● identify the festivals and theatrical forms celebrated all over the country throughout the
year;
● research on the history of the festival and theatrical composition and its evolution, and
describe how the townspeople participate and contribute to the event;
● identify the elements and principles of art as seen in Philippine Festivals; and
● realize the importance of the festivals and fiestas in the Philippine culture.
Warm-up
Think-Pair-Share
Each student will be given 3 minutes to think about the meaning of fiesta in the Philippines
and create a visual image that represents it based on their experience. They are to share and
discuss their answers to their partner for 10 minutes.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the meaning of fiesta to you?

2. What is the visual image that first comes to mind when you hear the word fiesta?
3. What are your hands-on experience in celebrating fiestas in your community?
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Learn about It!
As nouns, the difference between festival and fiesta is that

festival is an event usually staged by a local community which
centers on a theme or a unique aspect of the community.
Meanwhile, fiesta which is commonly used in Spanish-speaking
countries refers to a religious festival. In the Philippines, these
two terms can be interchangeable due to the fact that the
translation of the word festival in Filipino is pista which came
from the Spanish word fiesta.
The concept of the fiesta is an influence that came from the Spaniards. They used this as a
supplemental tool to propagate Christianity by using it as an attraction for the natives to
gather, and an opportunity to introduce their religion. It was proven effective as the natives
settled in from other places were drawn near and far as they are lured into the unusual
attractions.
A festival or a fiesta is usually composed of a lot of activities, but the most evident among all
festivals celebrated in the country is that it is not without a performance. It used to be a
communal event where people went to confession, took Holy Communion, heard sermons,
attend theater performances, and even watch fireworks display. However, as time goes by, it
evolved along with the trends and interests of the people that made it more grandiose and
entertaining. Whether it is through dancing, play, or singing, a festival is not complete without
performance art.
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Higantes Festival
The Feast of San Clemente popularly known as the Higantes Festival in Angono, Rizal is
characterized by its grand procession featuring the higantes or the 10-foot paper mache
puppets made by the locals. It is an annual event that shows the artistic expression, as well as
the creative recycling of the people from Angono, due to the fact that a higante is made using
only old newspaper, rattan poles, and some wheat paste.
Fig. 1. The Higantes of Angono, Rizal in honor of San Clemente, the patron saint of fishermen. During the
town-wide procession, thousands of devotees also splash water on unsuspecting participants.
Source: (Left) Office of the Vice President, Higantes Festival 2017 - Angono, Rizal 01, marked as public domain, more
details on Wikimedia Commons
Higantes is celebrated every year on November 22 to 23 where a hundred higantes were

made to portray a character or personify an idea. It is said that this event originated from a
tradition where Angono natives created an effigy of Zacarias “Tangkad”, an abusive landlord
known for his imposing height and ill-mannered personality. Since then, Angono natives
utilized paper mache giants during their fiesta to create a festive mood or to express their
political views.
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Taong Putik Festival
The Taong Putik (Mud Man) Festival is a religious festival celebrated in Aliaga, Nueva Ecija
held every 24th day of June. It is celebrated in honor of their patron, Saint John the Baptist.
This festival is characterized by people smearing themselves with mud and covering their
bodies with dry banana or coconut leaves to emulate their patron who hid as the chosen one
to baptize Jesus Christ by wearing animal skin so that people will not recognize and kill him.
Aside from smearing of mud and wearing of leaves, the people attend the thanksgiving mass
followed by the lighting of candles and a procession. It is said that devotees who participate in
the procession are called “Nag-sa-san-Juan” as they ask for favor on the divine to answer their
prayers usually for bountiful harvest or healing.
Fig. 2. People gather as Taong Putik in a church in Bibiclat, Aliaga in Nueva Ecija.
Source: Ramon FVelasquez, Aliaga, Nueva Ecija1243jf 06, CC BY-SA 3.0
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Sublian Festival
The Sublian Festival is celebrated in Batangas City to renew the practice of Subli. Subli is a
ceremonial worship dance in honor of the Holy Cross, and it is said to be indigenous to the
province of Batangas. It is made up of lengthy prayers, songs, and dances in predetermined
arrangements. The male dancers dance in intense fashion hitting the ground with bamboo
sticks, while the female dancers dance with sophisticated wrist and finger movement.
This event usually takes place every July of the year and participants come in native attire
with adorned subli hats to symbolize the attributes and customs of the Batangueño. A
particular activity in the festival called Sublian sa Kalye features partakers marching and
dancing the subli dance on the streets. Thousands of students join and perform the street
dancing subli.
Fig. 3. Subli dancers and their costumes.
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The Feast of the Black Nazarene
The Feast of the Black Nazarene is celebrated every year on January 9. It is usually the
largest festival of the year in the Luzon area because of the thousands of devotees who come
to the district of Quiapo to participate in the procession in transferring the Black Nazarene
from Intramuros to Quiapo Church.
The life-sized statue of Christ is carried through town by barefooted men yelling, "Viva
Señor!” while a huge crowd tries to touch the statue. It is said that the statue was bought by a
priest in Mexico, and brought to Manila in 1606. Since 1787, the statue has been housed at
Saint John the Baptist Church in Quiapo.
For more than 200 years, the church has been placing the statue on a gilded carriage every
January and pulling it through the streets of Quiapo. People who touch it are reported to
sometimes be healed of diseases; thus, a lot of people come from all over Manila to get close
enough to touch the statue with hopes that they will receive a miracle. They also throw towels
to the men who guard the statue and ask them to rub the towel on the statue in hopes of
carrying some of that power away with them.
Fig. 4. The barefooted devotees joined the procession from Quirino Grandstand to the Quiapo Church.
Thousands of devotees flock yearly to celebrate the occasion as a sign of their thanksgiving rites for all the
blessings they received.
Source: Jsinglador, Feast of Black Nazarene, Quiapo, Manila, CC BY-SA 3.0
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Check Your Understanding
A. Identify the answers to the following questions.
1. Where is the Higantes Festival being celebrated?

2. The Taong Putik is being celebrated in honor whom?
3. The word fiesta came from what language?
4. What are the two places where the Black Nazarene are transferred to every year?
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B. Write True if the statement is correct or False if the statement is false.
1. The origin of the word subli is documented.

2. Subli is a song performance.
3. The Higantes Festival is not a religious festival.
4. The Black Nazarene is celebrated every December.
5. Subli hats symbolize the attributes and customs of people living in Batangas.
Hands-On
My Miniature Sized Doll of Angono’s Higantes
Materials:
● Air Dry Clay
● Newspapers
● Acrylic paints
● Brush
● Plastic Bottle
● Toothpicks
● Scissors
● Glue gun
● Gluesticks
● Glue
Instructions:
1. Remove the bottom of the bottle by cutting it with scissors.
2. Put a hole on the cover of the bottle as well as the two sides. Insert a toothpick on each
hole. Make sure to make a hole big enough to hold the toothpicks in place because
these will serve as the placement for the head and arms of the doll. Secure the
toothpicks with the glue gun.
3. Prepare the body of the doll by cutting the newspapers into squares. Cover the plastic
bottle with newspaper cut-outs and brush them with a mixture of glue and water.
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4. While waiting for it to completely dry, work on making the head and arms of the doll by
using the clay. Don’t forget to add your desired designs.
5. Once the cover of the plastic bottle is dry, paint it white as a base and wait to dry. After
it is dry enough, design your Higantes doll!
Tip: Don’t apply too much paint to fasten the drying process of your doll.
Fig. 6. A man making a doll out of recycled materials.

Photo from pixabay.com
Apprentice Novice Master

CRITERIA
(0–2 pts) (3–6 pts) (7–10 pts)
General The student used different kinds

Criteria of lines and shapes and
maximized space.
The student used the

appropriate color combination
and texture.
Composition of elements creates

balance, emphasis, and
proportion.
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Arrangement of elements
created rhythm and movement.
Combination of elements created

harmony, unity, and variety.
Content- Artwork’s design motifs were

Specific Philippine-inspired.
Criteria
Artwork’s design was colorful and
interesting.
The design was a characteristic of

the Higantes Festival in Angono.
The artwork was presented with

neatness and cleanliness.
The artwork showed the richness

of Philippine culture.
TOTAL
Key Guide Questions
1. What motifs in the Higantes festival will you use?

2. What line, shape, and color patterns will you add?
3. How did you get the idea for your design?
4. What is the most important thing you learn in this activity?
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Hearts-On
Read the feelings and situations listed carefully. Reflect and check the corresponding boxes
for your answers.
Feelings / Situations I disagree. I agree. I strongly agree.
It is important to know
about festivals and
fiestas in the
Philippines.
The festivals and

fiestas in the
Philippines highlight
artistry and originality.
The festivals and

fiestas in the
Philippines give me
pride in the richness
of Philippine culture.
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Lesson 2: Designing Costumes and Props for
Religious Festivals
Religious festivals are not complete with colorful costumes and props made by the people
celebrating it. It usually represents the culture and products prevalent in the area where it is
celebrated. In this lesson, we will look into some of these costumes and props in some
festivals in the country.
Learning Targets
● define what makes each of the Philippine festivals unique through the visual
presentation;
● design the visual elements and components of the selected festival or theatrical form
through costumes, props, etc; and
● realize the importance of props and costumes in a production.
Warm-up
Chalkboard Splash
Every student will be given 3 minutes to think of a maximum of 3 words that answers the
question, “What is the importance of props and costumes in festivals?” After everyone has
thought of an answer, they will line up to write their answers on the board. They will then
break into groups of five, and talk about their observations based on the answers posted on
the board.
Guide Questions:
1. What are the common answers listed on the board?

2. What is the role of props and costumes in a community celebration?
3. In your own opinion, what makes attractive props and costumes?
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Learn about It!
The topography of the Philippines is diverse with some areas

being mountainous, while some are wide plains or in coastal
lowlands. This diversity also brings out the uniqueness in a
place due to the products that are very bountiful in the area or
its cultural history deeply ingrained in the everyday life of the
locals. This usually inspires the theme for costumes and props
when it comes to the celebration of fiestas in the Philippines.
Pahiyas of Lucban, Quezon
The Pahiyas celebrated in Lucban, Quezon is regarded as the most colorful harvest festival in
the country. Every May 15, the locals decorate their houses with fruits, vegetables, and the
colorful kiping. Kiping is a leaf-shaped wafer made of rice and dyed food coloring. It is usually
used as a decoration for houses during the Pahiyas but it is also a delicious delicacy in Lucban.
In Lucban, one of the main events in the Pahiyas is the contest for the most beautifully
decorated house, that is why a lot of people like to attend the Pahiyas Festival.
Fig. 1. The Pahiyas festival in honor of Lucban, Quezon's patron saint of the farmers, St. Isidore the Farmer.
Source: Bibliosensei, Pahiyas2012, CC BY-SA 3.0
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Steps in Making Kiping
Making of kiping can be time-consuming, but it is a wonderful art that is attractive to the eyes
as well as satisfying to the stomach. It begins with selecting leaves as molds. The leaves could
be from the coffee tree, umbrella tree, cocoa, antipolo, or banana. However, the widely used
among the locals of Lucban is the kabal because of its toughness. The leaves must be mature,
in the same size, and must not render any unusual taste.
Another important ingredient in making kiping is the rice paste. In making the rice paste, the
rice must be soaked for 2 hours. Other materials needed to prepare are the grinder, mixer,
and steamer.
Step 1: Make the rice paste for the kiping.

Grind the rice with water just a little over the volume
of rice. Mix it with food coloring and a ½ teaspoon of
rock salt. It is said that the rice used must be
stocked for one year to prevent unnecessary
cracking of the rice wafer.
Step 2: Smear the rice paste on the leaves and

steam them for 30 minutes.
Steamers are usually made of bamboo slats that sit
on a big frying pan with boiling water and decaying
banana suckers matched with a lid serve to contain
the steam.
Step 3: Hang and dry the kiping, then strip it off

from the leaves.
After steaming, the kiping should be dried under the
shade until ready for peeling off. A kiping can be
easily peeled off but they must be placed on top of
the other with a weight on top to compress them for
half a day. After this, they are ready to be used as
decoration or be eaten.
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Moriones of Marinduque
The Moriones is annually performed during the Holy Week in Marinduque. It is one of the
country’s oldest religious traditions. It is very famous for its practice of people wearing
costumes of Roman centurions in performing the pugutan or a play reenacting the beheading
of the Roman soldier, Longinus, who speared the side of Jesus during His crucifixion. The
costume in Moriones includes a wooden mask that depicts scowling Roman soldiers and
beautifully made attires. Their attires consist of armor complete with a breastplate, cape,
sandals, and even props like swords, shields, or spears.
The Moriones masks are the most iconic symbol in this tradition and the masks are products
of the skillful hands of the artisans in Marinduque. They carve the mask out of a santol or
dapdap wood, then chisel the wood to form very fine details of a Roman soldier’s face. A
skillful artisan can finish a mask in three days, complete with the helmet and crest, which is
made of horsehair.
Fig. 3. In Moriones, men dressed up as Roman soldiers. They are the main attraction of the famous Moriones
Festival of Marinduque.
Source: Emmanuel Sace, Morions, CC BY-SA 4.0
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Another distinct mask of Moriones is called the Bulaklakan of Mogpog because of the tinfoil
flowers on the top of their masks instead of a crest. The number of flowers standing on the
top of their masks symbolizes how many years are left for the penitence of the devotee
wearing the Moriones costume.
Ati-Atihan of Aklan and the Dinagyang of Iloilo
The Ati-Atihan festival is celebrated annually in the month of January in Kalibo, Aklan in
honor of the Sto. Niño. This festival is known for the colorful costumes paraded by the locals
of Kalibo that depicts ancient warriors in the region. The loud beats of drums and the songs of
the people on the precession also light up the mood in this celebration.
Ati-Atihan means “to be like Atis” which refers to the local name for the Aeta groups who
settled in Panay Island and other parts of the country. However, it is regarded as a religious
procession that is said to have inspired other Philippine festivals like the Sinulog and
Dinagyang.
Dinagyang, on the other hand, is celebrated in Iloilo also in the month of January. The word
Dinagyang is coined by an Ilonggo writer and broadcaster Pacifico Sudario in 1977 which
means merrymaking or revelry. Just like Ati-Atihan, Dinagyang honors the Sto. Niño and the
Christianization of the natives.
Fig. 4. Dinagyang honors the Sto. Niño through a grand parade bearing the image of the saint as well as
performances with colorful costumes.
Source: Ronnie Dayo, Philippines Dinagyang Festival Celebration, CC BY-SA 4.0
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In both festivals, the performers wear colorful costumes made from indigenous materials.
However, what is unique is that the performers in these festivals cover their skin with black
soot to resemble the skin color of the Atis. It is said that during the pre-colonial times when
Malay people from Borneo traveled to the island of Panay, they had a barter with the Atis to
be able to acquire land for their residence. Their negotiation was closed in with a celebration
of friendship where both groups engaged in a banquet and drinking. In appreciation to the
hospitality of the Atis, the Malays painted themselves with soot from their cooking utensils to
look like the Atis.
Fig. 5. An Ati-Atihan contestant with its costumes made from recycled materials such as plastics and mussel
shells.
Source: EnzoBontia, Ati Atihan, CC BY-SA 4.0
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Masskara of Bacolod
The Masskara Festival of Bacolod is celebrated on the month of October every year. The
word Masskara is a blended word coming from mass or multitudes of people, and the Spanish
word cara which means face. It is said that this festival began to uplift the spirits of the locals
in spite of economic challenge and a tragedy caused by the collision of the vessel MV Don
Juan with a tanker that affected and killed more than a hundred lives. It was spearheaded by
the late Mayor Jose "Digoy" Montalvo on October 19, 1980, to live up to the city's signature as
the "City of Smiles."
Fig. 6. Masskara Festival Dancers in Bacolod City

Source: Ceslou, CVP 4413, CC BY-SA 4.0
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The festival has since evolved and is very much characterized for its intricate masks and
colorful costumes. It is said that the motifs of the masks are highly influenced by the Carnival
of Venice and the Rio Carnival. Traditional masks are hand-painted with feathers, flowers, and
native beads, but nowadays, people also use plastic beads and sequins.
Flores de Mayo
Flores de Mayo is a celebration in the Philippines in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary and is
said to have originated in the mid-1800s when the Vatican proclaimed doctrines about the
Immaculate Conception. This festivity that is sometimes called Flores de Maria means Flowers
of Mary or Flowers of May. During this celebration, Filipinos cut flowers and put them in a
basket to be offered to the altar of the Virgin Mary in churches.
An important highlight in this event, however, is the Santacruzan. It is an activity during

Flores de Mayo in honor of St. Helena, the mother of Constantine the Great—the first
Christian emperor. St. Helena is believed by Catholics to be the one who found the relics of
the Holy Cross after 300 years of Jesus Christ’s death.
Fig. 7. A Santcruzan procession.

Source: Markytour777, Flores de Mayo Ilocos, CC BY-SA 4.0
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Santacruzan is an event characterized by a grand procession of the town belles who represent
various religious historical figures. They are selected not just through their beauty, but also
through the embodiment of traditional feminine qualities. They participate in a parade with
their escorts and people who hand-carries bamboo arches adorned with native flowers.
Fig. 8. Beautiful women with their escorts participate in the annual Santacruzan happening around the country.
Source: Markytour777, Filipinas Flores de mayo, CC BY-SA 4.0
A lot of religious figures are represented in the Santacruzan with a respective order in the
procession.
● Methuselah is a bearded man, bent with age, riding a cart looking preoccupied with
toasting some grains of sand in a pan over a fire symbolizing that all that glitters will
end up as dust like what he is toasting.
● Reyna Banderada is a young lady dressed in a long red gown carrying a yellow
triangular flag who symbolizes the coming of Christianity.
● The Aetas represent the natives of the country before the coming of Christianity and
who were the unconverted Filipino pagans.
● Reyna Mora represents the dominant religion before Christianity which is Islam.
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● Reyna Fe symbolizes the virtue of faith which is the first of the theological virtues of
Catholicism. She carries a crucifix.
● Reyna Esperanza symbolizes the virtue of hope which is the second theological virtue.
She carries an anchor.
● Reyna Caridad symbolizes the virtue of charity which is the third theological virtue. She
carries a red heart.
● Reyna Abogada is the defender of the poor and the oppressed. She wears a black
graduation cap and gown, and she carries a big book.
● Reyna Sentenciada has her hands bound by a rope. She symbolizes the innocents who
have been convicted. She is accompanied by two Roman soldiers.
● Reyna Justicia is a personification of the “mirror of justice”. She carries a weighing
scale and a sword.
● Reyna Judith represents Judith of Pethulia who saved her city from the Assyrians after
she beheaded the cruel Holofernes. She carries the head of the beheaded man on one
hand and a sword on the other.
● Reyna Sheba represents the queen who visited the famed King Solomon and was
overwhelmed by his wisdom, power, and richness. She carries a jewelry box.
● Reyna Esther is the biblical Jewish who spared her countrymen from death and
destruction through timely intervention with King Xerxes. She carries a scepter.
● Samaritana is the woman who Christ spoke to at the well. She carries a jug on her
shoulder.
● Veronica is the woman who wiped the face of Jesus. She carries a bandana imprinted
with the three faces of Jesus.
● The Tres Marias are three women who represent Mary of Magdala who carries a bottle
of perfume; Mary, Mother of Christ who carries a handkerchief; and Mary, mother of
James who carries a bottle of oil.
● Marian refers to the celebration of the many titles of the Virgin Mary.
● A-V-E-M-A-R-I-A is represented by eight girls all wearing long white dresses with wings
to make them look like angels. Each one carries a letter to complete the word “AVE
MARIA.”
● Divina Pastora or the Divine Shepherdess carries a shepherdess’ staff.
● Reyna de las Estrellas or the Queen of Stars carries a wand with a star.
● Rosa Mystica carries a bouquet of roses.
● Reyna Paz or the Queen of Peace carries the symbol of peace.
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● Reyna de las Propetas carries an hourglass.
● Reyna del Cielo or the Queen of Heaven carries a flower. She has two angels.
● Reyna de las Virgines carries a rosary and is surrounded by two little angels.
● Reyna de las Flores or the Queen of Flowers carries a bouquet of flowers.
● Reyna Elena or Queen Helena is the highlight in the Santacruzan. She represents the
legendary founder of the true Cross, represented by the small cross. She is
accompanied by her young escort who represents the young Constantine.
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A. Match the roles of characters in Santacruzan from column A to the symbol the carry
from Column B.
A B
1. Reyna Justicia A. Bouquet of Roses
2. Samaritana B. Shepherdess' staff
3. Reyna Esperanza C. Anchor
4. Divina Pastora D. Jug
5. Rosa Mystica E. Weighing scale and sword
1. Pahiyas is a harvest festival in Lucban Quezon.

2. Moriones is a play in Marinduque reenacting the beheading of the Roman soldier.
3. Ati-Atihan honors patron Hesus Nazareno.
4. The Masskara Festival celebrates the life of Sto. Niño.
5. Participants of Santacruzan are selected not just through their beauty, but also
through the embodiment of traditional feminine qualities.
Hands-On
My Masskara Headdress
Materials:
● Mask
● Acrylic paint
● Feathers
● Beads, sequins, or other materials for handicraft
● Glue gun
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Directions:
1. Design your Masskara festival mask based on your desired appearance.
2. Use the acrylic paint as the cover the mask.
3. Put feathers, beads, sequins, and others to ornament the mask.

CRITERIA (0–2 pts) (3–6 pts) (7–10 pts)
General The artist used different lines,

Criteria shapes, and forms.
The artist used different values

and colors.
The artist made good use of

texture and space.
The artwork has good rhythm,

movement, and balance.
The artwork has harmony,

unity, variety, and emphasis.
Content- The artwork conveyed the

Specific colorful and lively celebration of
Criteria Masskara Festival.
The artwork contained a

meaningful expression of arts
and culture related to the
Masskara Festival.
The artwork promoted the

culture of the people from
Bacolod.
The student finished the
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artwork on time.
The artwork was neat and

clean.
TOTAL
Key Guide Questions
1. What basic elements of Masskara Festival did you incorporate on your mask?
2. What experiences might have influenced or inspired you in creating your mask?
3. What did you enjoy the most in doing this activity?
4. What are the challenges you encountered in this activity?
Hearts-On
for your answers.
The props and costumes of festivals display

beauty and uniqueness of the cultural
identity of our country.
The props and costumes in festivals have

functionality that is more than the
aesthetic aspect.
It is important to know about the props

and costumes of festivals in our country to
know more about the cultural communities
celebrating them.
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Lesson 3: Choreographing Movements for
Regional Fiestas
Dancing is an artistic expression that involves body movements. It is a performing art that
consists of movements having aesthetic and symbolic value. Dance can be described by its
choreography which is the practice of designing sequences movements.
Learning Targets

● choreograph the movements and gestures reflecting the mood of selected Philippine
festival/theatrical form;
● analyze the uniqueness of each group’s performance of selected festival or theatrical
form, and
● realize the importance of choreography in regional and religious festivities.
Warm-up
Still Thinking; Ready to Dance
Think of a dance move they have seen being performed in a festival. If they can’t think of any,
they can think of a dance move they might want to suggest for a festival. If they are still
thinking, they have to put their pointing finger on their forehead. If they already thought of
one, they can raise their pointing finger to the air. They must then find a partner and share
and discuss their dance moves.
Guide Questions:
1. What is your dance move?

2. From what festival/fiesta did you see that? / What festival/fiesta would you suggest
that?
3. What is the role of dancing in celebrating festivals?
32
Learn about It!
Dancing is a form of entertainment loved by many; that’s why it is

often present in a lot of celebration especially in fiestas in the
Philippines. It adds up to the festivity of the event and hype up
the energy of the people because of the loud music matched
with groovy movements of the performers.
Street dancing with a grand showdown is a staple for all over the country. People prepare
dance moves to be performed during procession usually covering a route around the town.
They will then perform their special performances at the end of the route which is usually in
the center of the plaza or a gymnasium.
Panagbenga of Baguio
The Panagbenga Festival in Baguio is celebrated in the month of February every year. It is
one of the most popular festivals in the country due to Baguio’s cool climate and as a tourist
destination. The term Panagbenga came from a Kankanaey term which means the season of
blooming.
Fig. 1. A float participating in the parade during the Panagbenga Festival of Baguio City.
Source: Wakowako, Baguio Panagbenga Festival 2012, Cropped it., CC BY-SA 3.0
33
The origins of the Panagbenga Festival can be traced through the proposed idea of Atty.
Damaso E. Bangaoet, Jr. in 1995. He proposed to organize a flower festival that will
showcase the identity and the culture of the locals in Baguio and the Cordilleras. His idea
received positive feedback, not just from the government, but also from the whole
community; thus, the birth of the Panagbenga Festival.
The Panagbenga is very famous for its grand parade. Every float participating in the parade
are adorned with beautiful and fresh flowers that leave the audience in awe. However, what
keeps the crowd mostly entertained are the dancing of the performers parading along with
their floats.
Fig. 2. Performers dancing a Cordilleran dance during the Panagbenga Festival.

Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/mikedred101209/5678308583
The Panagbenga Festival dance is not limited to the traditional festival dance steps.
Nowadays, the performers also incorporate modern and different types of music to entertain
the people attending the celebration. Cultural dances like the traditional dances from
indigenous groups living in the Cordilleras are also performed by the natives during the
parade, complete with the traditional attires and instruments.
34
Kaamulan of Bukidnon
The Kaamulan is celebrated every from February to March by the province of Bukidnon in
Malaybalay City. It is an ethnic-cultural festival that commemorates the culture and traditions
of the seven tribes of Bukidnon namely, Bukidnon, Higaonon, Talaandig, Manobo,
Matigsalug, Tigwahanon, and Umayamnon. The term Kaamulan originated from the word
Amul which means gather, and this event serves as an avenue for the people of Bukidnon to
gather for the purpose of the datuship ritual, wedding ceremony, thanksgiving celebration,
and a peace pact.
The Kaamulan Festival is celebrated with various activities, but people often look forward to
watching the street dancing where they will witness heavily decorated floats featuring the
creativity of the locals in utilizing indigenous materials, as well as the ethnic dances of the
different tribes in Bukidnon. Matched with well-curated and inspired by authentic tribal
dresses and pieces of jewelry, performers from different ages perform ethnic dances like the
Binanog, which is a typical dance of the Talaandig tribe that mimics the movement of the bird
called Bano.
Fig. 3. Street dancing during the Kaamulan Festival.

Source: Theglennpalacio, Kaamulan Festival - Tableau Presentation, CC BY-SA 4.0
35
Another dance being performed in Kaamulan is the Inagong, which is a dance for
entertainment during festivals and gatherings. Talupak, on the other hand, is a dance that
depicts the way and style for planting, harvesting, and winnowing palays. Kayametan is
another dance that mimics a bird called Tungkago resembling a hornbill. This dance is
performed by placing a hand in the nose to mimic the beak of the bird.
Kadayawan of Davao
The Kadayawan Festival of Davao is celebrated annually in August. Dubbed as the King of
Festivals, it is a thanksgiving festival that celebrates the bountiful harvest of the locals with no
tribal borders. Davao prides itself with its ethnicity and cultural background through its
cultural heritage. Davao also houses 11 ethnic groups which are the Bagobo-Kalata,
Bagobo-tagabawa, Matigsalug, Ata Manobo, and Ovu Manobo of the Lumad; and the
Moro people of Sama, Kagan, Maguindanao, Iranun, Maranao, and Tausug tribes.
The Kadayawan Festival is also famous for their grand showdown of street dancing called
Indak-Indak sa Kadalanan. Different schools compete to bag the prize with their dance
performances that show the culture of an indigenous group in Davao. Through their colorful
props and dance choreography, they interpret a legend or tradition of the indigenous group
they represent.
Nowadays, some dances also incorporate stories that interpret the development of Davao
through Lumad, Christians, and Muslim people. Other groups base their performance through
stories about the importance of nature to the people like the Saug River or the effect of
devastating typhoons.
Fertility Dance of Obando, Bulacan
Obando is known for its celebration of a religious festival held by the San Pascual Baylon
Church on the month of May every year. It is a three-day feast composed of church masses,
long dancing precession in the streets, and frenzied devotion inside the church. Obando is
known to be the town of three Saints namely, San Pascual Baylon, Santa Clara, and Our
Lady of Salambao, and they are honored during the fiesta even during the Spanish colonial
period. However, what draws the crowds the most is the fertility dance also known as Sayaw
36
sa Obando practiced during the fiesta in Obando. A lot of couples who hope to have a child
participate in the fertility dance, and sometimes even those who were already granted dance
in gratitude of answering their prayers. Other devotees join in the fertility dance procession as
a fulfillment to their vow, or what they call panata.
Fig. 4. Vendors and churchgoers gather outside Obando Church on the last day of the three-day Fertility Dance
Festival.
Source: Juliethepearl, Vendors at Obando Church Fertility Dance Festival, CC BY-SA 4.0
Though the fiesta is said to have begun during the Spaniards colonization in the country, the
traditional rites of dancing are said to have originated in the precolonial period. The fertility
dance is likened to the pre-Christian tradition called kasilonawan of the natives where local
babaylans or spiritual leaders dance as an offering to the deities of nature. It is said that when
the Spaniards came, they substitute their Christian saints with Santa Clara taking on the role
of preventing and curing infertility.
37
Sayaw sa Obando is danced to the tune of Santa Clarang Pinung-Pino which means “Saint
Clare, Most Refined.” Parishioners dance in their baro’t saya which is an elaborate blouse and
long skirt made of traditional native fibers. They dance in a waltz step called fandango, the
Charleston, foxtrot, rhumba, and the tango. Women also dance using their hips, hands, and
feet as to invite the Spirit of Life to enter their womb.
Nowadays, the mode of the dance has been more organized and choreographed with five
basic steps, each of which has a silent prayer component:
● Dancers clasp their hands with their thumbs pointed upward toward their heart while
waltzing and praying, "Lord, we believe that You will give us a child."
● The women dancers' arms and hands move as if to push their abdomen upward, while
their husbands hold their arms and hands at their back, both praying, "Lord, please
heal me."
● Women dancers move their palms clockwise as if massaging their abdomen, and point
to the heavens, while the men dance with their hands at their back, also pointing to the
heavens praying, "Lord, please give us a child."
● Couples join hands together to show unity and love for each other so as to have a child.
● Couples waltz together with their arms swaying from left to right as thanksgiving.
Sinulog of Cebu
Cebu is labeled as the Historic City in the Central Philippines because of its historical
landmarks and traditions. It is also the home of one of the grandest festivals in the country
called the Sinulog Festival, and it celebrates the coming of Christianity during the Spanish
Period. It also honors the Santo Niño which is the Holy Child Jesus. It happens every year in
the month of January.
A lot of people, not just all over the country but also outside the country, visit Cebu to join in
their festivity during the Sinulog. It was declared as a festival during the 80s and was originally
celebrated through the traditional Sinug dance. However, as the mode of lively street dancing
and dance competitions among groups or schools became more prevalent in the country, the
dancing in Sinulog also grew to what it is today.
38
Fig. 5. In honor of Sto. Niño (Child Jesus), Cebu celebrates Sinulog festival which draws in thousands upon
thousands to witness the religious festival.
Source: Theglennpalacio, Sinulog Festival, CC BY-SA 4.0
The Sinug dance is said to be the traditional dance more commonly performed during the
early celebration of Sinulog. It is performed in honor of Santo Niño. The term Sinug also came
from the expression of the Cebuanos “sunog nga bata” or burnt statue of a child which refers
to the black statue of the Santo Niño.
In the Sinug dance, the performers imitate the movement of the river waves, which was
practiced even during the pre-colonial times by old folks who worship their anitos or wooden
dolls. The dances include seven steps that correspond to specific actions which are called
Llamada, Repaso, Kinaraan nga Sayaw, Kinampilan, Pakli, Espada-espada, and Balituk.
39
Dance Step Description
Llamada Also known as the assembly, is characterized by the rolling of the drum
where the dancers are called to assemble by strongly hitting the drum
once. This signals them to be ready.
Repaso This is the marching of the dancers to form three columns in this order
as the group of Muslims, Christians, and Moros. The Señor Santo Niño
is placed on the table where flowers and candles are being used as
decorations, i.e. called patente (improvised altar).
Kinaraan nga Also known as the traditional dance, is characterized by two steps
Sayaw forward and one step backward, which is typical in a Sinulog-based
dance at present. It is performed with the Sinug beat being played.
Kinampilan Also known as armed-with-bladed-weapon, is another basic step of the

Sinug, which is characterized by one step forward of the right foot and
one step backward, while the left foot remains in place.
Pakli Also known as flipping, is the bending of the hand to the opposite
elbow away from the body.
Espada-espada Also known as sword-like-fighting, is the dance with the use of swords
preparing for the actual battle.
Balituk Also known as rolling to tumble, signifies the end of the dance ritual.
Aside from the Sinug dance, there is also what they call the Sinulog-Based Dance which is
more technologically advanced, faster, and has more succession of steps. It focuses not just of
the choreographed dance, but also to the presentation where they follow a theme or narrate
a story through their performance. It is more contemporary with modern twists and
influences.
40
41
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.
1. _____________ is a traditional dance that mimics a bird called Tungkago resembling a

hornbill.
2. Sayaw sa Obando is danced to the tune of _____________ which means “Saint Clare,
Most Refined”.
3. The term Panagbenga came from a _____________ term which means the season of
blooming.
4. _____________ is a traditional dance performed during the Kaamulan festival that
depicts the way and style for planting, harvesting, and winnowing palays.
5. _____________ is a typical dance of the Talaandig tribe that mimics the movement of
the bird called Bano.
1. Kadayawan Festival celebrates the bountiful harvest of the locals with no tribal
borders
2. Kaamulan is famous for their grand showdown of street dancing called Indak-Indak
sa Kadalanan.
3. Sinulog Festival is celebrated during the month of January.
4. Panagbenga Festival is a flower festival that will showcase the identity and the
culture of the locals in Baguio and the Cordilleras.
5. Sayaw sa Obando is practiced by couples who wanted to have a child or those in
gratitude for their prayers are being answered.
42
Hands-On
Fiesta Dance Video
Materials:
● Camera/smartphone
● Props
● Laptop
Instructions:
1. Make a dance video promoting festivals in the Philippines. Make use of props and
costumes. Edit your video using your smartphone or laptop.

CRITERIA
(0–2 pts) (3–6 pts) (7–10 pts)


and colors.

texture and space.
The artist has good rhythm,


Content- The artwork exemplified

Specific creativity.
Criteria
The artwork was based on
existing festival dance moves.
43
The artwork was aesthetically
pleasing to watch.
The artist finished on time.
The artwork displayed keen

details that were close enough
to the original choreography of
the festivals in the Philippines.
TOTAL
Key Guide Questions
1. How did you come up with the concept with your dance video?
2. What are the dance steps from the lessons you incorporated into your video?
3. What is the most enjoyable part you did in the video?
4. What can you say about the culture in the Philippines through the choreography of
performances in festivals?
44
Hearts-On
for your answers.
The dances in regional

fiestas are something to
be proud of.
The dances in regional

fiestas are unique and of
importance.
Dances in regional fiestas

are pieces of evidence of
how rich and beautiful
Filipino culture is.
45
Lesson 4: Filipino Plays
Filipinos are gifted artists. In the field of performance art, they have a long history and a
cultural heritage that reflects the artistic expression, as well as the evolution of how Filipinos
interpreted their circumstances. In this lesson, you will look into different traditional Filipino
plays that shaped the performance art in the country.
Learning Targets

● determine the artistic Filipino plays;
describe how the townspeople participate and contribute to the event; and
● value the importance of Filipino plays to the country’s culture.
Warm-up
Agree or Disagree
Students are to be grouped with 5 members per group. They are going to express their
opinion if Filipino plays are still being practiced and cultivated in their generation. They will be
given 10 minutes to discuss this among themselves.
Guide Questions:
1. Are Filipino plays still prevalent in the country? Why or why not?
2. Why is it important to preserve the art of performing Filipino plays?
3. Can you name a Filipino play that you have seen? What was it about?
46
Learn about It!
A play is a form of literature written by a playwright which

usually consists of dialogue or singing between characters,
intended for theatrical performance rather than just reading.
Plays are performed at a variety of levels like in professional or
community theater as well as university or school productions. It
is also regarded as modern theater along with musical theater.
In the Philippines, before the coming of cinema in the country, plays are the common form of
communal entertainment among the people. They perform plays during celebrations
especially as a special event in fiestas. People gather in the plaza which is usually located in
the center of the town to watch plays which may feature different story about love, comedy,
or patriotism.
Sarswela
A sarswela (also known as zarzuela in Spanish) is a form of musical theater that combines
spoken word and song that celebrates various Catholic liturgical feasts. The zarzuela Jugar
Con Fuego by Ventura dela Vega and Francisco Asenjo Barbieri was the first zarzuela
introduced in the country in late 1878 or early 1879.
During the first decades of the 20th century, Spanish theater artists continued to stage
zarzuelas, not only in Manila but in rich provincial centers, like those of Iloilo, Cebu, Bicol. They
popularized zarzuelas like La Mascota, El Rey que rabio (The King Who Went Into a Rage),
Elanillo de hierro (Ring of Iron), La Pasionaria (The Passion Flower), and Boccaccio, La
Marcha de Cadiz (The March of Cadiz). These were performed by Spaniards at first, but by
1880, the majority of the writers and performers are Filipinos.
Formed by various theatrical influences, the Filipino sarswela was born in the layers of the
19th century through the presentation of Budhing Nagpahamak in 1890. It was written by an
unknown Bulacan playwright, and its music was composed by Isidro Roxas. Soon after, other
sarswelas were staged in other provinces.
47
The golden age of the sarswela said to have produced popular plays in Tagalog like the
following:
● Dalagang Bukid (Country Girl) by Hermogenes Ilagan (1917);

● Alamat ng Nayon (Legend of the Village) by Servando de los Angeles (1925);
● Paglipas ng Dilim (After the Darkness) by Precioso Palma (1920); and
● Sa Bunganga ng Pating (In the Jaws of the Shark) by Julian Cruz Balmaseda (1921).
The best-known composers during this time were Fulgencio Tolentino, Leon Ignacio,
Bonifacio Abdon, Alejo Carluen and Juan Hernandez. On August 17, 1893, Teatro Zorilla,
the home of zarzuela, was inaugurated.
Fig. 1. A photo of PETA’s stage performance of Dalagang Bukid.

Photo by permission of PETA Library and Archives
48
Sarswela usually contains 1 to 5 acts that depict romantic love among idealized Filipino
characters. It often incorporated contemporary social, political, economic or cultural issues for
relevance and interest. During the Spanish colonial period, it became an art form where
Filipinos express their desire for freedom from discrimination and colonial rule.
Some sarswelas depicted how the Filipinos are being colonized under the Spanish and
Americans. A good example of this is the Pilipinas Circa 1907 by Nicanor Tiongson/Lutgardo
Labad, Louie Pascasio, and Lucien Letaba. This is a sarswela staged by PETA in 1982. It
portrayed how the Americans systematically and simultaneously conquered the economy,
politics, culture, and education of the country during the first decade of the century.
Fig. 2. A photo of PETA’s stage performance of Pilipinas Circa 1907.

49
This revolutionary connotations of some plays in the country prompted the Americans to
arrest various performers and writers of the Philippine sarswela, as well as forcefully shutting
down some sarswela companies in the Philippines.
In spite of this, sarswela was loved by many, especially those in rural areas. It used to be more
popular than cinema before movie theaters became widespread in the country. However, at
the height of Americanization, the popularity of sarswela dwindled until it was revived again
during the 1960s.
Moro-moro or Comedia
Fig. 3. A photo featuring the Christians in a Komedya in Parañaque.

Photo acquired through the generosity of Komedya ng Don Galo
Moro-moro, also known as comedia, linambay, or arakyo, is the earliest form of organized
theater created by the Spanish priests in the Philippines. It is a play in verse that portrays the
lives, loves, and wars of Moros and Christians. It was so popular that this was staged as folk
dramas in Christianized villages throughout the Philippines.
Moro-moro is a secular comedy that dramatizes the war between Christians and Muslims
through a story that shows the forbidden love between the prince and the princess. It is
resolved with the non-Christian being converted to Christianity, or through his or her death,
immediately followed by his or her resurrection.
50
Moro-moro is normally performed in the pueblos or village centers to attract more people to
the foundation of its regime. It often lasts from 3 to 15 hours through a series of
performances. According to accounts, the first Filipino comedia was performed in Latin and
Spanish by Fr. Vicente Puche in Cebu in 1598.
In the Visayas area, Moro-moro has a different name which is linambay. The performance
revolves around the war between the Muslims and the Christians, but its content revolves
around love stories in a fantasy land that resembles the landscape of Philippine metrical
romances. It is staged during the traditional nine nights of the fiesta novenario.
Fig. 3. A photo featuring the Moros in a Komedya in Parañaque.

Photo acquired through the generosity of Komedya ng Don Galo
It is characterized by four major devices in staging like the batalya or the march, the love
angle, the trickster or fool or clown, and rhyme of octosyllabic or dodecasyllabic meter
scheme. The linambay also captivates the people through its spectacular elements like the
batalya, the three kings and many princes and princesses wearing wonderful costumes,
humongous creatures that appear like lions, dragons, and other monstrous creatures.
Actors playing in the linambay can be roughly divided into three categories which are the
leading roles, the supporting roles, and those acting as soldiers and servants. Musicians are
also hired for the production where they play the violin, guitar, bass, and banjos. According to
Dr. Ulysses Aparece, the last recorded productions of the linambay in Central Visayas were in
Bohol in 1976 and Cebu in 1986.
51
The Komedya ng Don Galo, a non-profit organization of professionals and students in
Parañaque, continues to preserve the art of presenting Comedia or Moro-moro until this day.
The company involves young people in the promotion of the development of society. In 2008,
the University of the Philippines recognized KDG for having the youngest Comedia actors.
Aside from Comedias, they also produce other plays such as musicals and the Annual
Senakulo Streetplay: Golgotha.
Senakulo
Senakulo, also known as Passion play or Easter Pageant, is a play presented during the
Lenten season in the Philippines. It depicts the Passion of Jesus Christ, his trial, suffering, and
death. It is often observed by the Catholics during the Holy Week in the month of April.
Theatre companies and community groups perform their different versions of the Senákulo.
They have their own scripts that present the dialogue about the crucifixion of Jesus Christ in
either poetic manner or prosaic form. Some of these scripts are decades or even centuries-old
drawn from both the Bible and folk tradition.
Fig. 2. Photos of a Senakulo in Parañaque.

Photos acquired through the generosity of Komedya ng Don Galo
52
One of the popular Senakulo in the country is Ang Pagtaltal performed in Jordan, Guimaras
which began in 1975. It depicts the ancient story with pomp and color through biblical
costumes patterned after the world's most prominent passion play performed every ten years
by the inhabitants of the village of Oberammergau in Germany. The Senakulo in Guimaras
reenact scenes of Christ's ministry, arrest, condemnation, and crucifixion at the town's
“Golgotha,” which is the Balaan Bukid landmark of the island province.
In other places in the country, the people perform crucifixions outside of Passion Plays to
fulfill a panata or vow for a request or prayer granted. This can be witnessed in places like the
Barangay San Pedro Cutud in San Fernando, Pampanga.
53
A. Fill in the blanks with the answers the following words below.
1. ___________________ is a play presented during the Lenten season in the Philippines.

2. Moro-moro is known as ___________________ in the Visayas area.
3. ___________________ is a form of musical theater that combines spoken word and song
that celebrates various Catholic liturgical feasts.
4. A ___________________ is a form of literature playwright consisting of a dialogue or
singing between characters with the intention for theatrical performance.
5. ___________________ is a secular comedy that dramatizes war between the Christians
and the Muslims.
54
1. The zarzuela Jugar Con Fuego by Ventura dela Vega and Francisco Asenjo Barbieri
was the first zarzuela introduced in the country.
2. The first Filipino comedia was performed in Latin and Spanish by Fr. Vicente Puche in
Cebu in 1598.
3. Senakulo is often observed by the Catholics during the Christmas season in
December.
4. One of the popular Senakulo in the country is Ang Pagtaltal performed in Kalibo,
Aklan which began in 1975.
5. Sarswela usually contains 1 to 5 acts.
Hands-On
My Sarswela Script
Make a script of a sarswela that talks about love or a contemporary issue. It must have at least
one act to two acts at most. Write it beautifully in a 1/8 illustration board. Design the
illustration board. Don’t forget that a sarswela is usually sung or delivered in a poetic manner.

CRITERIA
(0–2 pts) (3–6 pts) (7–10 pts)


and colors.

texture and space.
55

Content- The artwork was inspired by

Specific Philippine sarswela.
Criteria
The artwork exemplified
creativity.
The artist displayed keen

attention to details through the
artwork.
The artwork was clean and

neatly presented.
TOTAL
Key Guide Questions
1. What is the theme of your sarswela script?

2. What is the inspiration behind your artwork?
3. How can a play have social relevance in a country like the Philippines?
56
Hearts-On
for your answers.
The Filipino plays are

unique and of
importance.
Filipino plays are

evidence of how rich and
beautiful Filipino culture
is.
Filipino plays must be

passed on and enriched
for the next generation.
57
Lesson 5: Setting the Stage for Filipino Plays
The stage is an important component in performing acts in a play. The setting of a play
depends greatly on the stage setting. Thus, important elements down to their smallest details
must be taken into account for the experience brought by the play to be more meaningful and
effective not just to the performers but also to the audience.
Learning Targets

● define what makes each of the Philippine theaters forms unique through a visual
presentation;
● design the visual elements and components of the selected festival or theatrical form
through costumes, props, etc; and
● value the props and costumes as important elements of a play.
Warm-up
Think-Pair-Share
Students must find a partner. They each must think of an object present in setting up a stage.
They will be given 10 minutes to discuss their answers with their partners.
Guide Questions:
1. What objects are present in setting up a stage for a theatrical performance?

2. Do you think it is required for every performance to plan the set up for the stage? Why
or why not?
3. What is the role of space in a performance?
58
Learn about It!
Filipino plays are usually for the purpose of public

entertainment, and during the early times, it is often performed
in the plaza located in the center of the town. People gather
around the performers to witness their performances. However,
as time goes by, the construction of the stage to elevate the
performers became a necessity to cater to the large crowd
during fiestas. Stage setups, during the early times, are
oftentimes made from materials like wood. They are often
decorated with leaves coming from coconut or bamboo sticks
arranged to show intricate patterns.
Some plays, like the traditional one performed during the Moriones, used to have no stage set
up due to the fact that the whole town is perceived to be its stage. The Moriones was
traditionally performed where the actors run around the town in search of Longinus, the main
character of the play. People are encouraged to follow around the actors and even participate
in one way or another to give color and amusement to the play. However, nowadays, it is
performed in a conventional type of stage set up in the plaza.
With the influence of Broadway during the American period, Filipinos adapted to building
structures to house their plays. The use of props is oftentimes incorporated to give a realistic
feeling and help the audience understand the setting of the play.
Bodabil
The United States’ influence on Philippine theatre can be seen through the bodabil
(vaudeville). Though it is not a straight-up play because it is a mix of songs, dances, comedy
skits, and even magical performances, the Filipinos were entertained by it. Soon enough, this
type of performance became an entertainment spectacle that was being transported from
one town to the next like a circus.
In 1898, the first bodabil was produced by the Manila Dramatic Guild to entertain American
soldiers and other Americans residing in Manila. It was also the first theatrical performance
59
since the revolution. In 1901, a leading Manila theater, the Teatro Zorilla, would promote
some of these visiting vaudeville troupes as "Novelties in Manila." Not long after, the bodabil
was interjected into comedias and zarzuelas as intermission numbers known as jamborees.
In 1920, a Filipino entertainer who studied piano in America named Luis Borromeo organized
what became the first Filipino bodabil company. The main showcase of his company was an
orchestral band, which played what he called "Classical-Jazz Music," with variety acts in
between. It was also him who dubbed the emerging form as "vod-a-vil", which soon became
popularly known by its Filipinized name, bodabil.
Fig. 1. Cover of "Jazzy Jazzy Sound in All Chinatown," by Louis Borromeo.

Source: Fred Fischer, Inc. in New York, Jazzy Jazzy Sound in All Chinatown, marked as public domain, more details on
Wikimedia Commons
In the 1930s, the country was introduced to Broadway theatre or stage plays through the
westernized education that was provided in most private schools for privileged children.
Shakespearean tragedies and comedies, as well as western classics, were performed in the
original English or Tagalog adaptation. Other plays and dramas written in Filipino are also
60
translated into English during this time. The influence of bodabil in Philippine culture is still
evident up to this day. Its hodgepodge of song and dance numbers are still practiced in some
television variety shows and even in intermission numbers during political rallies.
Elements of Stage Design

In setting up a stage, various elements must be considered, and in Filipino plays, they often
reflect the culture, tradition, as well as the lifestyle of the Filipinos. It often features objects
and materials common in the Philippines. Nevertheless, the following are the basic elements
that must be taken into consideration in setting the stage in a play.
Table Heading Table Heading
Set Design This is usually the most important of the elements in the overall design
for a play because it serves as the backbone for other designs as well. It
may be the whole design for the show or maybe changed depending
on the setting of a scene. It may involve a backdrop, which may include
objects like any building, furniture, or rigging that needs to be
incorporated to create the total set.
Fig. 2. The making of set designs includes making backdrops.

61
Costume Design Costume design informs the audience of who the characters are in a
play. When the audience sees a character dressed a certain way, they
automatically make assumptions about the character, such as whether
the person is rich, poor, good, or evil. It can also be an indicator of a
period like actors portraying Spanish colonial period wear traditional
Filipino clothes like baro’t saya.
Fig. 3. Costume design involves sketching costumes for the actors.

Light Design Lighting design is very useful in setting the mood for various scenes in
a play. Strategic use of light can either intensify a scene or lighten the
mood during a performance. The actors are needed to be seen, but the
way an actor is lit using lighting angles, colors, and intensities can
greatly affect the emotion the audience perceives from a given scene.
Fig. 4. Light design is a good indicator of mood.

62
Sound Design Another atmospheric consideration in plays is the music and sound
effects. Plays usually use recorded music played underneath scene
changes, and often underneath the scenes themselves. Some plays
also require sound effects. Every phone that rings or car that drives by
is usually the work of a sound designer. Traditionally, plays used to
incorporate live bands to accompany them in their performance for
their music and sound. It is still being practiced up to this day, but only
by performing productions who have the manpower and capacity to do
so.
Fig. 5. Sound designing involves planning out the sounds for the production using
different equipment.
Source: Tiago Cassol Schvarstzhaupt, Theater Sound Design - Behringer MX8000, Yamaha
NS10M, Alesis, Sony -, 2009-09-10, CC BY 2.0
63
64
A. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the United States’ influence on Philippine theatre?

2. During the Spanish colonial period, where do the people perform their theatrical
performances?
3. Who produced the first bodabil in the country?
4. Who organized the first Filipino bodabil company?
5. Borromeo popularized what genre of music in the country?
1. Vod-a-vil is a variety show which later became popularly known by its Filipinized
name, bodabil.
2. Actors are needed to be seen, the way an actor is lit using lighting angles, colors, and
intensities can greatly affect the emotion the audience perceives from a given scene.
3. Live bands must accompany performances for their music and sound.
4. The backdrop is a painted cloth hung at the back of a theater stage as part of the
scenery.
5. In 1898, the first bodabil was produced by Teatro Zorilla.
65
Hands-On
Stage Design for my Sarswela

Materials:
● Clay
● Illustration board/styrofoam
● Cutter
● Scissors
● Glue Gun
● Acrylic paint
● cloth
Instructions:
1. Think of a concept for stage design for the sarswela script you made from the previous
lesson.
2. Make a miniature model of it.
3. Share your work to the class.
Fig. 7. A sample miniature stage.

Source: Frania pereira, Model of tiatr stage, CC BY-SA 4.0
66
CRITERIA
(0–2 pts) (3–6 pts) (7–10 pts)


and colors.

texture and space.


Content- The artwork applied important

Specific aspects of designing a stage
Criteria model.
The artwork exemplified

creativity.

attention to details on making a
stage design through the
artwork.

neatly presented.
TOTAL
67
Key Guide Questions
1. What is the concept of your stage design?

2. What cultural motifs that portray Philippine culture can be seen in your stage design?
3. How can costumes and props contribute to the betterment of production?
Hearts-On
for your answers.
The stage is an
important aspect in a
theatrical performance.
Stage in Filipino plays

shows the richness and
beauty of Philippine
culture.
Setting the stage for

Filipino plays is a fun
and exciting activity.
68
Lesson 6: Shadows and Movements
In theater, shadows and movements are utilized to bring a different experience of
performance art. It is a medium and method of theater performance that utilizes not just the
actors’ talents in acting, but as well as props, lights, and body movements.
Learning Targets

● identify the Filipino cultural groups that use shadows and movements in their
presentations;
describe how the townspeople participate and contribute to the event; and
● treasure the cultural groups that use shadows and movements in their productions.
Warm-up
Shadows and Movements for Creativity

Students will be grouped with 5 members in each group. They will be given 10 minutes to
discuss how shadows and movements can be utilized in theatrical performance.
Guide Questions:
1. How can shadows and movements be utilized in theatrical performances?
2. What are some examples of shadow performance and theatrical performances
involving movements?
3. Have you watched a theatrical performance that explored utilizing shadows and
movements?
69
Learn about It!
The use of shadows and body movements gave birth to a new

form of theatrical performances. Shadow play, shadow
puppetry, and dance dramas are different types of theater that
sprung from the creativity and artistic expression of people in
exploring different mediums and ways to entertain people.
These performances are already practiced worldwide but
countries have their own renditions that make their own
theatrical performances unique and culturally relevant to their
community.
A basic type of theater honing shadows and movements in its performance is Puppetry. It
involves the manipulation of puppets in the form of inanimate objects that resembles some
type of human or animal figure. These are animated or manipulated by a human called a
puppeteer. The performance itself is called a puppet production, and the script for a puppet
production is called a puppet play.
Fig. 1. A Puppet theater.

Source: Color etching by Giovanni Volpato, the oil painted c. 1770 by Francesco Maggiotto, Italian painter, (Venice 1738
- Venice 1805), Burattini ca 1770, marked as public domain, more details on Wikimedia Commons
70
Puppeteers use movements from hands and arms to control devices, such as rods or strings
to move the body, head, limbs, and in some cases, the mouth and eyes of the puppet. The
puppeteer sometimes speaks in the voice of the character of the puppet, while at other times,
they perform to a recorded soundtrack.
Fig. 2. A man controlling his puppet through strings.

Source: Michelangelo-36, P. CASALS TITEREAL, marked as public domain, more details on Wikimedia Commons
There are many different varieties of puppets, and they are made of a wide range of
materials, depending on their form and intended use. They can be very simple in their
construction like the finger puppets and sock puppets or be extremely complex like glove
puppets or marionettes. They can also be performed in a small makeshift stage that hides the
puppeteer, or in wider space where the puppeteer can also expose himself to the crowd.
Nevertheless, it is a very ancient form of theatre that has existed in different parts of the
globe.
71
Fig. 3. A Sicilian Puppet Theater.
Source: Bjs, Alcamo-Pupi-bjs2007-01, CC0 1.0
Shadow Play and Shadow Puppetry
Shadow puppetry is an ancient form of storytelling and entertainment which utilizes on flat
cut-out figures called shadow puppets, which are held between a source of light and a
translucent screen. The cut-out shapes of the puppets sometimes include translucent color
or other types of details that bring various effects when held at the light source. With the
guidance of a talented puppeteer, the shadow puppets can appear to walk, dance, fight, nod
and even laugh.
This type of theater performance has a long history in Southeast Asia, especially with the
famous Wayang Kulit of the Indonesians. Although the Philippines doesn’t have a very deep
practice on the art unlike Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Cambodia, the country have
theater groups who practice the art of utilizing shadow in their theatrical performances.
72
Fig. 4. A Wayang Kulit performance.
Source: Tropenmuseum, part of the National Museum of World Cultures, COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een
poppenspeler tijdens een wajang kulit voorstelling TMnr 10017990, CC BY-SA 3.0
Puppetry in the Philippines is said to have started since the time of Dr. Jose Rizal, the country’s
national hero, through his staged play entitled “CARILLO.” He used a box and a stick, and he
placed this at the back of a white cloth with a candle light as light source to project the
shadow of his puppets. In the town of Angono, giant puppets called Higantes are well known
as the main objects in celebrating the feast of St. Clementine every last Sunday of November.
Aside from the traditional puppetry, there were puppet groups formed since 1972 up to
present. These groups were inspired by the different puppetry art in other countries, and
73
some of those children programs are seen on the movies and television. Today, the
well-known practitioners of this art are the Anino Shadow Collective and the El Gamma
Penumbra.
Anino Shadow Collective

The Anino Shadowplay Collective was formed in 1996. It was founded by a group of
multimedia artists who aim to popularize the art of shadow play. Members of the group come
from diverse backgrounds with some being educators, cultural workers, visual artists,
musicians, and theatre practitioners. They undertake live performances, exhibitions, video,
animation and workshops often with tie-up from educational and art institutions. They also
occasionally perform in commercial establishments.
Fig. 5. Scenes from Anino Shadow Collective’s Florante at Laura.

Photo acquired through the generosity of Anino Shadow Collective
The performances of ANINO mostly portray Philippine traditional art and literature, political
history, and contemporary culture. Its aesthetic shows influences from Filipiniana to universal
pop imagery and “international” experimental art. Their performances make use of projected
images and hybrid theatrical styles that deals with themes which sometimes question Filipino
identity.
74
Fig. 5. Puppeteers at work in Anino Shadow Collective’s Florante at Laura
Photo acquired through the generosity of Anino Shadow Collective
El Gamma Penumbra
El Gamma Penumbra is a performing group from Tanauan City, Batangas who bagged the first
place in Asia’s Got Talent first season in 2015. The group was formed in 2008 originally as a
hip-hop boy group competing in dance contests in the province of Batangas but switched to
shadow play to offer a new way of performing. The group is composed mostly of male
members, due to the reason that extreme body movements and contacts are required on
their routines.
Fig. 6. El Gamma Penumbra is composed mostly of male members

Photo acquired through the generosity of El Gamma Penumbra
75
The group began gaining recognition in their participation in the Pilipinas Got Talent, a
televised talent competition in the country in 2011. They mentioned that they explored the
medium of incorporating shadow play in their performance by practicing in a basketball court
near Tanauan, using a tarpaulin and a halogen light as an improvisation.
Although the group did not win the Pilipinas Got Talent competition, their beautiful and
moving performances were recognized, and they became regular guests in television shows
as well as performers in national events in the country. In 2015, they embarked to compete
internationally by auditioning in Asia’s Got Talent, and they won the golden buzzer from one
of the judges, the Indonesia artist Anggun.
On the semifinals, they earned another golden buzzer from four judges of the show that
ensured their spot on the grand finals. Their shadow play performance of the song Colors of
the Wind that tackled on environmental issues moved the hearts of many, and landed them
as the grand winner in the said competition.
According to the group, their name El Gamma Penumbra comes from the words Gamma and
Penumbra, which refer to the ideas of light or gamma rays and shadow. They say that this
refers to "the ray of light behind a man's shadow".
Dance Drama
Dance and drama can be two different performance art, wherein the former could be purely
formal dance which stresses the lines and patterns of the movement itself, and the latter, an
expression or imitation of emotion, character, and narrative action. However, joined together,
these two bring a different form of theatrical performance that involves body movements as
76
well as a story that can bring an audience towards a different kind of experience.
The type and function of dance drama vary considerably which includes:
● full-length theatrical works in which dance is used to tell a story and present specific
characters;
● hunting dances where the dancers imitate a hunter’s movement as well as the
animals; and
● courtship dances which may contain a few pantomimic gestures such as a lift, a curtsy,
or a mock kiss to convey meaning and emotion.
In the Philippines, dance drama can be seen evidently on ballet. However, some theatrical
group nowadays, also incorporate drama and acting in performing folk dances in the country
to give more color and context on the dance itself for the audience to ponder and appreciate.
Ballet Manila and Ballet Philippines
Ballet is an artistic form created through the movement of the human body. It is theatrical
because it is performed on a stage to an audience. It tells a story or expresses a thought,
concept, or emotion while also utilizing costumes, scenic design, and lighting. Ballet
performances can be enchanting, exciting, provoking, or disturbing.
Fig. 7. A scene from Ballet Manila’s Snow White

Photography by Erica Jacinto
77
Ballet as classical form started in Italy and France under royal patronage, and eventually
recognized as a full dance form to the Philippines in 1581 with Ballet Comique de la Reine. As
compositional presentation during the Spanish time, Maestro Appiani’s shows could be
considered ballets.
Fig. 8. A scene from Ballet Philippines’ Don Quixote

Ballet productions in the country integrate the display of dancers’ skill and interpretation,
musical composition, scenery, costume and lighting designs, and a story or abstract
configuration of movements alone. Story-ballets are exemplified in the works of Leonor
Orosa Goquingco, Rosalia Merino Santos, and abstract-ballets of Remedios de Oteyza.
Several that came after took on native themes, motifs, and movements to mix in with ballet’s
Western aesthetics. These can be seen, nowadays, in the repertoire of Ballet Philippines,
Philippine Ballet Theater, and Ballet Manila. The three ballet dance companies are
considered the best in the country that display the vigor and elegance of ballet as adapted in
the Philippines.
78
Fig. 9. A scene from Philippine Ballet Theater’s Pilipino Komiks
79
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.
1. ______________ is a type of theater performance that involves the manipulation of

inanimate objects that resembles some type of human or animal figure.
2. Dr. Jose Rizal shadow play is entitled ______________.
3. The three ballet dance companies that are considered the best in the country are
______________ , ______________ , and ______________.
80
1. The name of the group El Gamma Penumbra refers to "the ray of light behind a
man's shadow".
2. A performance that uses puppets is called puppet play.
3. Shadow puppetry is a traditional Philippine theater form.
4. ANINO Shadow Collective mostly portray Philippine traditional art and literature,
political history, and contemporary culture.
5. Courtship dances contain pantomimic gestures such as a lift, a curtsy, or a mock kiss
to convey meaning and emotion.
Hands-On
My Shadow Play Puppets
Materials:
● Folder
● Skewer stick with removed pointy edge
● Crayon or acrylic paints
● Glue gun
● Pencil
● Scissors
Instructions:
1. Think of a folktale or myth in the Philippines that you would like to perform in a shadow
play.
2. Make the puppets needed for the shadow play by drawing them on a folder and cutting
them out.
3. Design and decorate your puppets by using your coloring materials. Stick them to
skewer sticks.
81
Fig. 6. A Shadow puppeteer.
Source: Nevit Dilmen, Karagoz theatre 06315, CC BY-SA 3.0

CRITERIA
(0–2 pts) (3–6 pts) (7–10 pts)


and colors.

texture and space.


Content- The artwork was inspired from

Specific shadow play.
82
Criteria The artwork exemplified
creativity.

artwork.

neatly presented.
TOTAL
Key Guide Questions
1. What Philippine folktale or myth did you use for your puppets?
2. Why did you design your puppets like that?
3. What are the cultural motifs of the Philippines that you incorporated for your puppets?
4. What is the most enjoyable part for you in doing this activity?
83
Hearts-On
for your answers.
Shadows and movements in

theatrical performances are
interesting and artistic.

Filipino plays adds
excitement and emotions in
the performance.

Filipino plays shows the
richness and beauty of
Philippine culture.
84
Lesson 7: Performing Filipino Arts
Watching a theatrical performance can be exciting or thought-provoking, but participating in
making and executing one is a different experience that unleashes an individual’s artistic
potential and capability. It is a challenging activity, but a worthy experience that makes one’s
soul alive and enriched.
Learning Targets

● improvise accompanying sound and rhythm of the Philippine festival/theatrical form;
● perform in a group showcase of the selected Philippine festival/theatrical form, and
● value teamwork during the process of production.
Warm-up
Reflect and Share
Reflect on how Filipino plays benefit the community as a whole, and think of at least one
significant contribution that had helped them personally in an aspect of their life. If they have
thought of an answer, they must make a thumbs up. After everyone has raised their thumbs,
they have to look for a partner, and discuss their answers with their partner.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the benefit of the community in organizing Filipino plays?
2. What is the contribution of Filipino plays in your life?
3. What is the contribution of performing Filipino play to an individual especially to a
Filipino?
85
Learn about It!
Theatrical performances in the Philippines is very much alive,

especially in the Metro Manila area, where a lot of theater
groups perform to reach a wider audience. One of the
well-known theatrical associations of artists and educators in
the country is the Philippine Educational Theater
Association (PETA). It is a non-profit, non-stock,
non-governmental, and a registered donee institution who
use theater arts to help empower the Filipino people. They
use theater as a tool for education, social change, and development.
PETA was established on April 7, 1967, by Cecile Guidote-Alvarez. Four years later, PETA was
named the UNESCO-International Theater Institute Center in the Philippines. In that same
year, PETA organized the first Third World Theater Festival that coincided with the 400th
foundation anniversary of Manila. PETA is very active in its theater performance activities in
spite of the Martial Law in the country during the 1970s. It was able to adapt, translate, write,
publish, and perform about 300 plays by the 1990s.
PETA is known to produce and perform materials that use Filipino and other Philippine
languages and dialects because of its philosophy in promoting Philippine heritage. It
encouraged the writing of original works as well as translation of world classics into Filipino
that reflects current issues of the times. It also trains theater practitioners from various
sectors like students, workers, farmers and fisherfolks, even sex workers, and people in areas
of conflict.
PETA’s headquarters is now located in the PETA Theater Center in New Manila, Quezon City.
Since their move in 2005, PETA has produced and performed adaptations of classic foreign
plays, local and children's theatrical productions, as well as adopt modern pop music in their
performances. Among their many works are the “Dalagang Bukid,” “Pilipinas Circa,” “Kahapon,
Ngayon at Bukas,” and “Palasyo ni Valentin.”
86
Fig. 1. The PETA’s headquarters is located in the PETA Theater Center in New Manila, Quezon City.
87
Fig. 2. A photo of PETA’s performance entitled Palasyo ni Valentin.
Steps in Putting up a Theatrical Performance
It is a very common activity for students to facilitate a theater performance to boost their
confidence as well as nurture their talents and skills in public speaking and performing.
However, it can be disorganized and confusing if one is not aware of the preparations needed
in making a performance successful. Here are a few basic steps taken by the professionals in
planning and executing their theatrical performances.
Step 1: Choose a show that you love.

A play starts with choosing a show to perform, and some of the things to consider are the
interest of the organizers as well as the resources available at hand. Taking this into
consideration saves a lot of time and effort for everyone and helps guarantee the success
of the show. Choose a show that you know you can cast easily, works within your budget,
and that is versatile with its staging.
Modern shows such as short plays fit this criteria because it makes use of props and
costumes that are common and can be easily attained. Reading scripts can also widen your
88
options and is advisable for interested artists who want to direct or write plays.
Step 2: Find a theater space where you can perform your show.
Space is very important in performing. Sometimes a place is already set to where the
performance will happen, but in a situation where it will have to be predetermined, it is
important to take into consideration the show as well as the expenses that might be
incurred in using the space. A very big space is not required if the target audience is small,
but nevertheless, choosing a space or adjusting on the space available can be a
challenging, and yet, a fun part in organizing a play.
Step 3: Assemble your team and cast your play.

In professional theatrical performances, a lot of people play vital roles for the success of
the show. Actors as well as the production team behind the stage are people that have
their own roles in the show. These roles help systematize the workload in putting up a
show and help the show run smoothly during the preparation as well as the performance
dates of the schedule.
Sample list of jobs on any given production includes the following:

Position Role
Director The one who oversees and orchestrates the mounting of a theatre
production by unifying various aspects of production. The director
ensures that the quality and completeness of theatre production is
realized.
Music Director The person responsible for the musical aspects of the performance,
like the musical accompaniment for the play or the theatrical
production.
Choreographer The one who creates choreographies if the performers are required
to dance. The practice of making body movements as a definite
sequence is known as dance choreographing or a dance
composition.
Production Stage The individual who oversees the stage management and the smooth
89
Manager execution of a theatrical production. Stage management may be
performed by an individual in small productions. However, larger
productions typically employ a stage management team consisting of
a head stage manager, or production stage manager, and one or
more assistant stage managers.
Set Designer The set designer designs the stage environment, and may also work
on designing props for the show. The set designer and his/her team
are responsible for developing a complete set of design drawings
that will be used on the performance.
Lighting Designer The person who creates the lighting, atmosphere, and time of day
for the production in response to the script. The lighting director also
works closely with the stage manager or the technical manager, if
show control systems are used in the production.
Costume The person who designs the costumes of the actors. The role of the
Designer costume designer is to create the characters' outfits/costumes and
balance the scenes with texture and color.
Sound Designer The individual who creates the soundtracks for the performance. It
involves specifying, acquiring, or creating auditory elements using
audio production techniques and tools like sound effects for
particular objects.
Technical A technical person knowledgeable in using computers or

Director technological machineries that are essential for the production. This
person usually possesses the highest level of skill within the technical
aspects of the production.
Carpenter(s) The personnels who build the set and other stage elements like
props. They work closely with the set designer.
Actors Those who portray characters in a performance. In choosing actors,

the director often hold auditions to cast the roles to deserving and
talented individuals.
90
Step 4: Create a production calendar and prepare for your performance.
Creating a production calendar can be made even during the casting of actors, as long as
the main team for the pre-production is mostly filled. The production calendar will serve as
a guide and target dates to keep the preparation for the performance in check and on
schedule. After a production calendar has been set, the production will usually go over the
preparations needed for the performance like the rehearsals of the actors, constructions
of the sets and props, acquiring the needed equipment as well as other logistics for the
performance, and the promotion of the play to the public.
Fig. 3. Staging a play can be laborious but fulfilling.

91
A. Identify the answers to the following questions.
1. What does the theatrical association PETA means?

2. Who creates the soundtracks for the theatrical performance?
3. Who designs the stage environment and work on designing props for the show?
4. Where is the current headquarters of PETA?
5. Who portray characters in a theatrical performance?
92
1. Space is very important in performing.

2. Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA) is a non-profit, non-stock,
non-governmental, and a registered donee institution.
3. PETA became inactive during the Martial Law in the country in the 1970s.
4. PETA has only produced and performed adaptations of classic foreign plays, and
local and children's theatrical productions.
5. In professional theatrical performances, only the actors play vital roles for the
success of the show.
Hands-On
My Filipino Play Performance
Plan a play to be performed in class. You can choose the sarswela script you made from
Lesson 5, or to perform a shadow play using the props you made in Lesson 6. Don’t forget to
apply what you learned in this lesson on how to organize a theatrical performance. Invite your
friends and family to watch your play.

CRITERIA
(0–2 pts) (3–6 pts) (7–10 pts)
General The artist used artistic and

Criteria stylistic interpretation in the
performance.
The artist displayed rhythmic

clarity and articulation of
phrasing in delivering lines.
93
The artist engagement on the
performance was heartfelt.
The performance was

performed with appropriate
props and costumes.
The performance has harmony,

unity, variety and emphasis.
Content- The performance was inspired

Specific from Filipino theatrical arts.
Criteria
The performance exemplified
creativity.
The performance displayed

Philippine culture and arts.

performance.
The performance was clean and

neatly presented.
TOTAL
Key Guide Questions
1. What is the concept of your Filipino play performance?

2. What are the props and costumes that you used on your Filipino play?
3. What is the most difficult part you did in this activity?
4. How did you resolve the challenges you faced to do the activity?
5. What is the most important thing you learned in this activity?
94
Hearts-On
for your answers.
Performing Filipino Arts is

important to Filipinos.
Filipino plays display our

cultural heritage and
historical roots.
Filipino plays must be

propagated and
appreciated by everyone.
95
Did You Know?
Regarded as the King of Philippine Comedy, Dolphy started his show business career as a
bodabil actor. He started performing onstage during the Japanese occupation. At the age of
16, he got a job as a chorus dancer for a month at the Avenue Theater, and subsequently, on
the Lyric Theater. He also appeared in shows at the Orient Theater with Golay as his first stage
name.
Dolphy on a 2013 stamp sheet of the Philippines

Source: Philippine Postal Corporation, Dolphy 2013 stampsheet of the Philippines, marked as public domain, more
details on Wikimedia Commons
96
Wrap Up
97
98
Self-Check
Skills I CANNOT I ALMOST CAN I CAN
I _______________ identify the festivals and

theatrical forms celebrated all over the
country throughout the year.
I ___________________ research on the
history of the festival and theatrical
composition and its evolution, and
describe how the townspeople
participate and contribute to the event.
I ________________ identify the elements
and principles of art as seen in Philippine
Festivals.
I _________________ define what makes
each of the Philippine festivals unique
through a visual presentation.
I ____________________ design the visual
elements and components of the
selected festival or theatrical form
through costumes, props, etc.
I ________________ analyze the uniqueness
of each group’s performance of their
selected festival or theatrical form.
I _________________ improvise
accompanying sound and rhythm of the
Philippine festival/theatrical form.
I _______________ perform in a group
showcase of the selected Philippine
festival/theatrical form.
99
I am good at because I am planning to
________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________
1.
2.
3.
I need to improve on because I am planning to

______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________
1.
2.
3.
100
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.
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enumbra-invades-world/.
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Glossary
Ballet refers to an artistic dance form performed to music using precise and highly formalized
set steps and gestures.
Choreography refers to the sequence of steps and movements in dance or figure skating,
especially in a ballet or other staged dance.
Costume refers to a set of clothes worn by an actor or other performer for a particular role or
by someone attending a masquerade.
Drama refers to a play for theater, radio, or television.
Ethnicity refers to the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national
or cultural tradition.
Fiesta refers to an event marked by festivities or celebration.
Lumad refers to a group of Austronesian indigenous people in the southern Philippines.
Movement refers to an act of changing physical location or position or of having this
changed.
Play refers to a dramatic work for the stage or to be broadcast.
Prop refers to a portable object other than furniture or costumes used on the set of a play or
movie.
Region refers to an area or division, especially part of a country or the world having definable
characteristics but not always fixed boundaries.
Religion refers to the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a
personal God or gods.
Shadow refers to a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and
a surface.
Street Dance refers to a social gathering at which people dance in the street.
Theater refers to the activity or profession of acting, producing, directing, or writing plays.
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Quiz
LESSON 1: Philippine Religious Festivals and Regional Fiestas

1. Question Single Choice Ans Explanation
Who is the Saint A. San Rafael The Higantes Festival is
being honored being celebrated in honor
B. San Clemente x
during the of San Clemente, the
Higantes Festival? C. San Pascual patron saint of fishermen.
D. San Ildefonso
2. Question SIngle Choice Explanation
Where is the A. Aliaga, Nueva Ecija x The Taong Putik (Mud Man)
tradition of Taong Festival is a religious
B. San Jose, Nueva Ecija
Putik (Mud man) festival celebrated in
being practiced? C. Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija Aliaga, Nueva Ecija.
D. Palayan, Nueva Ecija
3. Question Fill in the blank Explanation
The Sublian festival July The Sublian Festival in
being celebrated in Batangas City is usually
the month of celebrated every year in
_______________. the month of July.
4. Question Single Choice Ans. Explanation

When was the A. 1605 It is said that the Black
statue of the Black Nazarene statue was
B. 1606 x
Nazarene brought bought by a priest in
to Manila? C. 1607 Mexico and brought to
D.1608 Manila in 1606.
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5. Question Fill in the blanks Explanation
_________ is a Subli Subli is a ceremonial
ceremonial worship dance in honor of
worship dance that the Holy Cross and is said
is indigenous to to be indigenous to the
the province of province of Batangas.
Batangas.
6. Question Multiple Choice Explanation
What are the A. Confession x A fiesta used to be a
activities of a fiesta communal event where
B. Holy Communion x
during the Spanish people went to confession,
colonial period? C. Church sermon x took Holy Communion,
D. Beauty Pageants heard sermons, attend
theater performances, and
even watch fireworks
display.
What are the A. People smear themselves x Every month of June,
activities with mud. people participating in the
performed during Taong Putik Festival of
B. People give gifts to each
the Taong Putik? Aliaga cover themselves
other.
with mud, leaves, and then
C. People light candles in x participate in a parade
the church. towards the church to
D. People cover themselves x attend mass and light a
with leaves. candle.
8. Question Single Choice Ans.

Which of the A. old newspaper Higantes of Angono, Rizal
materials is not are created through
B. rattan poles
used in making the recycled materials like old
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Higantes of C. wheatpaste newspaper, rattan poles,
Angono? and wheat paste.
D. cement x
9. Question Sequencing
Sequence the A. Feast of the Black 1 The Feast of the Black
following festivals Nazarene Nazarene is celebrated on
according to the January, followed by the
B. Sublian Festival 3
first to be Taong Putik on June, then
celebrated to the C. Higantes Festival 4 Sublian Festival in July, and
last. D. Taong Putik Festival 2 then the Higantes Festival
every November.
10. Question Multiple Choice
What are the A. subsub x The origins of the term
words that are said Subli is unknown but some
B. sabi
to be the root people speculate that it
word of the word C. bali x might have originated
Subli? D. sobli x from words like subsub
which means fall with the
head, bali which means
broken, or sobli which
means exchange of places.
LESSON 2: Designing Costumes and Props for Religious Festivals

What is the play of A. pugutan x Moriones is very famous for
Moriones that performing the pugutan or
B. putulan
reenacts the a play reenacting the
beheading of the C. pusalan beheading of the Roman
Roman soldier, D. puntahan soldier Longinus who
Longinus, who speared the side of Jesus
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speared the side of during His crucifixion.
Jesus during His
crucifixion?
What city in the A. Cebu City Bacolod city's signature is
Philippines is "City of Smiles" which
B. Tagbiliran City
called the City of represents its Masskara
Smiles? C. Bacolod City x Festival.
D. Quezon City
3. Question Single Choice Explanation
Where is the A. Iloilo x The Dinagyang Festival is
Dinagyang Festival the most grand festival
B. Cebu
celebrated? celebrated in Iloilo.
C. Aklan
D. Quezon
4. Question Identification Ans. Explanation

He coined the Pacifico The word Dinagyang is
word Dinagyang in Sudario coined by an Ilonggo writer
the Dinagyang and broadcaster, Pacifico
x
Festival. Sudario. It means
merrymaking or revelry.

Masskara came cara Masskara is a blended word
from the word coming from mass or
mass and _______. multitudes of people and
the Spanish word cara which
means face.
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What are the A. Mango The leaves used in molding
leaves used in kiping for could be from the
B. banana x
molding the coffee tree, umbrella tree,
kiping? C. cacao x cocoa, antipolo, banana, or
D. kabal x kabal.

Who are the Tres A. Mary of Magdala x The Tres Marias are three
Marias in women who represent Mary
B. Mary, mother of John
Santacruzan? of Magdala who carries a
C. Mary, Mother of Christ x bottle of perfume; Mary,
D. Mary, mother of James x Mother of Christ who carries
a handkerchief; and Mary,
mother of James who carries
a bottle of oil.
8. Question Multiple Choice Ans.

What are the three A. patience The three theological virtues
theological virtues represented in the
B. hope x
presented in the Santacruzan are faith in the
Santacruzan? C. charity x figure of Reyna Fe, hope in
D. faith x the figure of Reyna
Esperanza, and charity in
the figure of Reyna Caridad.
Sequence the A. Smear the rice paste on 2 In making kiping, make the
steps in making the leaves and steam them rice paste first and then
kiping. for 30 minutes. smear it on the leaves and
steam for 30 minutes. Hang
B. Strip off the kiping from 4
it to dry and then strip off
the leaves.
the kiping gently from the
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C. Hang and dry the kiping. 3 leaves.
D. Make the rice paste for 1

the kiping.
10. Question Categorizing
Categorize the A. Ati-atihan Religious Ati-Atihan and the
following if they Dinagyang are festivals in
B. Dinagyang Religious
are a religious or honor of the Holy Child.
regional festival. C. Masskara Regional Santacruzan is celebrated in
D. Santacruzan Religious honor of St. Helena.
Masskara, on the other
hand, is a festival with no
religious basis.
LESSON 3: Choreographing Movements for Regional Fiestas

1. Question Identification Ans Explanation
It is the traditional Talupak Talupak is a dance that
dance performed depicts the way and style
during the for planting, harvesting, and
Kaamulan festival winnowing palays.
about rice.

What does the A. season of love The term Panagbenga came
term Panagbenga from a Kankanaey term
B. season of planting
mean? which means season of
C. season of harvest blooming.
D. season of blooming x
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What is the song A. Santa Mariang Pinung-Pino Sayaw sa Obando is danced
played during the to the tune of Santa Clarang
B. Santa Clarang Pinung-Pino x
Sayaw sa Obando? Pinung-Pino which means
C. Santa Rosang Pinung-Pino “Saint Clare, Most Refined”.
D. Santa Luciang Pinung-Pino

What is the first A. Kinampilan Llamada, also known as
step in the Sinug the assembly, is
B. Pakli
dance that prompt characterized by the
the dancers to be C. Balituk rolling of the drum where
ready? D. Llamada x the dancers are being
called to assemble by
strongly hitting the drum
once. This signals them to
be ready.
The _____ is the Espada-espada Espada-espada, also
sword-like-fighting known as
in the Sinug dance. sword-like-fighting, is the
dance with the use of
swords preparing for the
actual battle.
Kaamulan Festival A. wedding ceremony x Kaamulan Festival serves
is celebrated for as an avenue for the
B. datuship ritual x
the purpose of people of Bukidnon to
doing what C. peace pact x gather for the purpose of
activities? D. Commemorating the datuship ritual, wedding
dead ceremony, thanksgiving
celebration, and a peace
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pact.
What are the tribes A. Higaonon x Kaamulan Festival is an
in Bukidnon that ethnic-cultural festival that
B. Manobo x
are being commemorates the
recognized in the C. Iranun culture and traditions of
Kaamulan Festival? D. Umayamnon x the seven tribes of
Bukidnon namely,
Bukidnon, Higaonon,
Talaandig, Manobo,
Matigsalug, Tigwahanon
and Umayamnon.
8. Question Multiple Choice Ans.

What are the A. Sama x Davao house 11 ethnic
ethnic groups groups which are the
B. Matigsalug x
housed in Davao? Bagobo-Kalata,
C. Tausug x Bagobo-tagabawa,
D. T’boli Matigsalug, Ata Manobo,
and Ovu Manobo of the
Lumad; and the Moro
people of Sama, Kagan,
Maguindanao, Iranun,
Maranao, and Tausug
tribes.
Sequence the A. Sayaw sa Obando 3 Sinulog is celebrated every
following January, followed by
B. Kadayawan Festival 4
celebrations in Panagbenga on February,
accordance to the C. Panagbenga Festival 2 then Sayaw sa Obando on
month where they D. Sinulog Festival 1 May, and finally by
115
are celebrated. Kadayawan every month of
August.
Categorize the A. Panagbenga Festival Regional Panagbenga of Baguio to
following celebrate the season of
B. Kaamulan Festival Regional
celebrations as blooming in the region
religious or C. Sinulog Festival Religious while Kaamulan and
regional. D. Kadayawan Festival Regional Kadayawan are celebrated
to recognize the ethnicity of
the people living in Davao
and Bukidnon. Sinulog
Festival, on the other hand,
is celebrated in honor of
the Holy Child.
LESSON 4: Filipino Plays

1. Question Identification Ans Explanation
He is the Father of Hermogen Hermogenes Ilagan is
Philippine es Ilagan regarded as the Father of
Zarzuela. Tagalog Zarzuela and
Philippine Zarzuela.

Where is the home A. Teatro Lopez In August 17, 1893,
of zarzuela? Teatro Zorilla, the home
B. Teatro Zorilla x
of zarzuela, was
C. Teatro Manila inaugurated.
D. Teatro Abelardo
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Who composed A. Bonifacio Abdon The Filipino sarswela
the songs for the Budhing Nagpahamak was
B. Fulgencio Tolentino
sarswela Budhing created in 1890 by an
Nagpahamak in C. Isidro Roxas x unknown Bulacan
1890? D. Leon Ignacio playwright and its music
was composed by Isidro
Roxas.

What is the first A. Jugo Con Yielo The zarzuela Jugar Con
zarzuela Fuego by Ventura dela
B. Jugar Con Fuego x
introduced in the Vega and Francisco
Philippines? C. Jugar Con Yielo Asenjo Barbieri was the
D. Jugo Con Fuego first zarzuela introduced
in the country in late 1878
or early 1879.
5. Question Fill in the blanks. Explanation
____________ is one Ang Ang Pagtataltal is one of
of the most Pagtataltal the most popular
popular senakulo senakulo performed in
performed in Jordan, Guimaras which
Jordan, Guimaras. began in 1975.
What are the other A. comedia x Moro-moro, also known
names of as comedia, linambay, or
B. arakyo x
moro-moro? arakyo, is the earliest form
C. linambay x of organized theater
D. drama created by the Spanish
priests in the Philippines.
117
What are the A. rhyme x Linambay is characterized
devices in staging a by four major devices in
B. the love angle x
linambay? staging like the batalya or
C. ballet the march, the love angle,
D. batalya x the trickster or fool or
clown, and rhyme of
octosyllabic or
dodecasyllabic meter
scheme.

What is not true A. Senakulo is also known as Senakulo, also known as
about Senakulo? Easter Pageant. Passion play or Easter
Pageant, is presented
B. Senakulo is presented x
during the Lenten season
during Christmas in the
in the Philippines.
Philippines.
C. Senakulo is often observed
by the Catholics.
D. Senakulo is celebrated in
the month of April.
Sequence the A. Suffering of Jesus Christ 3 Senakulo is a play that
following events in depicts the Passion of
B. Trial of Jesus Christ 2
the performance Jesus Christ, his trial,
of Senakulo. C. Passion of Jesus Christ 1 suffering, and death.
D. Death of Jesus Christ 4
Categorize the A. Servando de los Angeles playwright Servando de los Angeles
following person created the Alamat ng
B. Julian Cruz Balmaseda playwright
118
whether they are a C. Leon Ignacio composer Nayon in 1925 while
composer or a Julian Cruz Balmaseda
D. Alejo Carluen composer
playwright during created Sa Bunganga ng
the golden age of Pating in 1921. Leon
sarswela. Ignacio and Alejo Carluen
are known composers
during the golden age of
sarswela.
LESSON 5: Setting the Stage for Filipino Plays

Who produced the A. Manila Performing Guild In 1898, the first bodabil
first bodabil in the was produced by the
B. Manila Theater Guild
country? Manila Dramatic Guild to
C. Manila Dramatic Guild x entertain American
D. Manila Acting Guild soldiers and other
Americans residing in
Manila.
2. Question Identification Explanation
He organized the Luis In 1920, a Filipino
first Filipino Borromeo entertainer named Luis
bodabil company. Borromeo organized
what became the first
Filipino bodabil
company.

What is regarded A. Set design x Set design is usually the
as the backbone most important of the
B. Sound design
for other designs elements in the overall
in a stage play? C. Costume design design for a play because
it serves as the backbone
119
D. Light design for other designs as well.

Who popularized A. Regidor de la Rosa Luis Borromeo and his band
jazz in the are credited as having
B. Ulysses Aparece
Philippines? popularized jazz in the
C. Nicanor Tiongson Philippines.
D. Luis Borromeo x
______________ is the Teatro In 1901, a leading Manila
leading theater in Zorilla theater, the Teatro Zorilla,
Manila in 1901. would promote some of the
visiting vaudeville troupes
from abroad as "Novelties in
Manila".

What are the A. building x Set designing may involve
designs drawn or sketching backdrops which
B. furniture x
planned for a set may include objects like any
design? C. rigging x building, furniture or rigging
D. costume that are incorporated to the
total set.
What is not A. placements of light Sound effects is planned
covered under the under the sound design in
B. type of lights
light design in a making a stage play.
stage play? C. lighting effects
D. sound effects x
120
What is not true A. He is a bodabil actor. Rogelio de la Rosa is a
about Rogelio de la bodabil actor turned
B. He is a politician,
Rosa? politician and diplomat. He
C. He is a diplomat. promoted Philippine arts and
D. He promoted foreign arts x culture by supporting Filipino
and culture from America. performers in their
endeavors.
9. Question Multiple choice
What are the A. dances x Bodabil is not a straight-up
performances play because it is a mix of
B. comedy skits x
involved in songs, dances, comedy skits,
bodabil? C. solely drama and even magical
D.magical performances x performances.

What are the A. television variety shows x The influence of bodabil in
influences of Philippine culture is jazz, its
B. intermission numbers in x
bodabil in hodgepodge of song and
political rallies
Philippine culture? dance numbers still
C. jazz x practiced in some television
D. drama depicting Christian variety shows and
and Muslim war intermission numbers in
political rallies.
LESSON 6: Shadows and Movements

What is called a A. puppyteer Puppets are animated or
perform manipulated by a human
B. muppeteer
manipulating a called a puppeteer.
121
puppet? C. puppeteer x
D. pupateer
What are the giant A. Higantes x In the town of Angono, giant
puppets in the puppets called Higantes are
B. Duwendes
Feast of St. well known as the main
Clementine in C. Kapres objects in celebrating the
Angono, Rizal? D. Aswang feast of St. Clementine every
last Sunday of November.
3. Question Identification Explanation
It is the year the 1996 The Anino Shadowplay
Anino Shadowplay Collective was formed in
Collective 1996 by a group of
established. multimedia artists who aim
to popularize the art of
shadow play in the
Philippines.

When was Ballet A. 1578 Ballet as classical form
recognized as a full started in Italy and France
B. 1579
dance form in the under royal patronage and
Philippines? C. 1580 eventually recognized as a
D. 1581 x full dance form to the
Philippines in 1581 with
Ballet Comique de la Reine.
___________ is a Puppetry Puppetry is a theater
theater performance that involves
performance that the manipulation of puppets
122
involves the in a form of inanimate
manipulation of objects that resembles some
puppets in a form type of human or animal
of inanimate figure.
objects.
What Southeast A. Malaysia x Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand
Asian countries and Cambodia are Southeast
B. Thailand x
that have a very Asian countries that have a
deep practice on C. Singapore very deep practice on the art
Shadow play? D. Cambodia x of Shadow puppeteering.

What are the types A. courtship dances x The type and function of
and function of dance drama includes
B. full-length theatrical x
dance drama? full-length theatrical works,
works
hunting dances, and
C. hunting dances x courtship dances.
D. musical

What is not true A. They are from Tanauan El Gamma Penumbra did
about El Gamma City, Batangas. not win in Pilipinas Got
Penumbra? Talent but they won in the
B. They are originally as
first season of Asia’s Got
hip-hop dance group.
Talent.
C. They are a winner of x
Pilipinas Got Talent.
D. They are a winner of Asia’s
Got Talent.
123
What are the three A. Ballet Manila x Ballet Philippines, Philippine
ballet dance Ballet Theater, and Ballet
B. Ballet Luzon
companies Manila are the three ballet
regarded as the C. Ballet Philippines x dance companies
best in the D. Philippine Ballet Theater x considered to be the best in
Philippines? the country that display the
vigor and elegance of ballet
as adapted in the
Philippines.

Who are the A. Remedios de Oteyza x In the Philippines,
Filipino artists that story-ballets are exemplified
B. Maestro Appiani
exemplify ballet in in the works of Leonor Orosa
the Philippines C. Rosalia Merino Santos x Goquingco, Rosalia Merino
through their D. Leonor Orosa Goquingco x Santos, and abstract-ballets
works? of Remedios de Oteyza.
LESSON 7: Performing Filipino Arts

Who is the one A. Set Designer The Director oversees and
who oversees and orchestrates the mounting of
B. Production Stage Manager
orchestrates a theatre production by
everything on the C. Technical Director unifying various aspects of
mounting of a D. Director x production.
theatre
production?
When was PETA A. April 7, 1966 PETA was established on
124
established? B. April 7, 1967 x April 7, 1967 by Cecile
Guidote-Alvarez.
C. April 7, 1968
D. April 7, 1969
Who creates dance A. Choreographer x The choreographer creates
steps if the dance steps if the
B. Costume Designer
performers are performers are required to
required to dance? C. Lighting Designer dance.
D. Carpenter
4. Question Identification Ans. Explanation

He usually Technical The Technical Director is
possesses the Director the one mostly
highest level of knowledgeable in using
skill within the computers or technological
technical aspects machinery that are
of the production. essential for the
production.
What is the Philippine One of the well-known
meaning of the Educational theatrical associations of
abbreviation PETA? Theater artists and educators in the
Association country is Philippine
Educational Theater
Association (PETA).
What are some of A. Kahapon, Ngayon at x Among the many works of
the performances Bukas PETA are the “Dalagang
of PETA? Bukid”, “Pilipinas Circa”,
125
B. Mindanao Circa “Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas”,
and “Palasyo ni Valentin”.
C. Dalagang Bukid x
D. Palasyo ni Valentin x
What does PETA A. use Filipino and other x As a theatre association,
promote as a Philippine languages PETA promotes writing of
theatre original works as well as
B. writing of original x
association? translation of world classics
works as well as
into Filipino and other
translation of world
Philippine languages and to
classics into Filipino
train theater practitioners
C. train theater x from various sectors.
practitioners from various
sectors
D. violence

What is not true A. It was named the Since 2005, PETA’s
about PETA? UNESCO-International headquarters is located in
Theater Institute Center. the PETA Theater Center in
New Manila, Quezon City .
B. Its headquarters is in the x
PETA Theater Center in Pasig
City.
C. It is a non-profit,
non-stock,
non-governmental, and a
registered donee institution.
D. It organized the first Third
World Theater Festival.
126
Sequence the A. Assemble your team and 3 In putting up a theatrical
following steps in cast performance, Choose a show
putting up a first for your play. Find a
B. Choose a show that you 1
theatrical theater space where you will
love.
performance. perform your show.
C. Create a production 4 Assemble your team and
calendar and prepare for cast your play. Create a
your performance. production calendar and
D. Find a theater space. 2 prepare for your
performance.
What are the A. develop their public x It is a very common activity
advantages in speaking for students to facilitate a
making students theater performance to
B. boost their confidence x
facilitate a theater boost their confidence as
performance? C. nurture their artistic skills x well as nurture their talents
D. making them disorganized and skills in public speaking
and performing.
KPI for Writers:

Directions: Read carefully and fill out the ‘Self-Rating’ column. (Note: Target is at [3]
Successful performance.)
QS Writer: Click to enter your name.
Assigned Topic: Click to select Grade Level – Unit Click to indicate Unit No. – Unit Title
S
[1] [2] [3] [4]
elf
Criteria Below Needs Successful Exemplary S/SCS
- Rating
expectations Improvement performance performance
Rating
127
Standards are not Standards are Standards are Further researched
addressed. Integration somewhat addressed. adequately and addressed
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Standards across domains is not competencies across Integration of given competencies to
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(DepEd evident. domains ( is competencies across make integration Select rating.
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Does not tap interest Lesson is opened by Lesson is opened by Lesson is creatively
and prior knowledge. the overview of the tapping interest and opened by tapping
Unit overview is lesson. Limited prior knowledge, and interest and prior
inadequate. Unit ends attempt to tap interest giving an overview of knowledge, and giving
without a wrap up and and prior knowledge. the lesson. Units ends an overview of the
a concept map. Unit ends with limited with a comprehensive lesson. Units ends
review and limited summary of lessons with a comprehensive
Introduction, Lesson activities did concept map.. and key points and summary of lessons
Essential not address the concept map. and key points, Select
Questions, and essential questions. Essential questions presented in a Select rating.
Wrap Up iare meaningful but Stated questions are creative manner. rating.
lesson activities did meaningful and Questions were
not address aspects of relevant for target meaningful and
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addressed the framed the central
questions. idea and adequately
address by the
activities.
Match between lesson Discussion proper has Discussion proper has Discussion proper has
content and limited match clear match between evident match
objective(s) is lacking in between lesson lesson content and between lesson
the discussion proper; content and objective(s); relevant content and
examples provided are objective(s); relevant and adequate objective(s); relevant,
Discussion and irrelevant and examples provided; examples provided; multiple and/or Select
text boxes Select rating.
inadequate; no limited opportunity for with opportunities for appropriate examples
rating.
opportunity for student practice. student practice. provided; with
student practice opportunities for
guided and
independent practice
The content has 10 or The content has 9 to 4 The content has 1-3 The content has no
more errors. errors. minor errors. errors. Select
Content Accuracy Select rating.
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128
[1] [2] [3] [4] C
Criteria Below Needs Successful Exemplary elf-Rati S/SCS
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This section is Questions have no Varying difficulty of Varying difficulty of

missing or may be variety in difficulty questions are given questions are given
present but does levels. and are not and are aligned with and are aligned with
not follow the set aligned with the the objectives. the objectives.
guidelines, unclear objectives. Questions are Questions are clear
and not concise. somewhat clear and and concise. They
Check Your Questions concise. They show show defined
Understanding, They are are not clear and relationship to all relationship to all Select
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not grade concise; utilizes grade objectives in the unit; objectives in the unit;
Assessment rating.
level-appropriate level-appropriate utilizes grade utilizes grade
assessments and assessments but with level-appropriate level-appropriate
no attempt at little attempt at assessments with assessments with
differentiation. differentiation. some evidence of evidence of
differentiation. differentiation.
This section is This section provides This section provides This section provides
missing or may be psychomotor activities psychomotor psychomotor activities
present but does (at least 1 item per activities (at least 1 (at least 1 item per
not aid learning at topic) that are item per topic) that topic) that are
all. appropriate for are appropriate for appropriate for
students but does not students and students and
S
Performance Performance necessarily challenge challenge their challenge both of their
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Task Assessment the students’ creativity resourcefulness or creativity and
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GRASPS was not or resourcefulness. creativity. resourcefulness.
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was followed.
Poor quality as Fair quality evidenced Good quality Professional attention

evidenced by 8 or by 5-7 errors in writing evidenced by to writing is evidenced
more errors in mechanics (e.g., clarity, grade-level by grade level
writing mechanics spelling, usage and/or appropriate appropriate discussion
Professional (e.g., clarity, grammar). Few discussion, and 1-4 through clarity in
spelling, usage plagiarized content is errors in writing writing as well as S
Writing and
and/or grammar). A detected, and for mechanics (e.g., absence of spelling, elect elect
Other Support
huge section of revision. Somewhat clarity, spelling, usage usage, and rating. rating.
Features
plagiarized content followed the template. and/or grammar) No grammatical errors.
is detected, and for plagiarized content. No plagiarized content
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follow the template. template.
10-point quiz in Corresponding Each lesson has a Each lesson has a S

10 - Point Quiz each lesson is 10-point quiz is corresponding corresponding elect elect
lacking either in missing 1-2 numbers. 10-point quiz, with 10-point quiz, with rating. rating.
129
questions or in Half of the items did complete complete
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quiz is poorly made, guidelines . majority of the of the questions
majority of the questions followed followed the
questions didn’t the guidelines. guidelines.
follow the
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Total
Remarks

KPI for Editors:
Directions: Read carefully and fill out the ‘Self-Rating’ column.

(Note: Target is at [3] Meets the Standard.)
QS Editor:
Assigned Topic: Click to select Grade Level – Unit Click to indicate Unit No. – Unit Title
[4] [3] [2] [1] S

C
Exceeds the Meets the Approaching Developing the elf-Ratin S/SCS
riteria
Standard Standard the Standard Standard g Rating
Making Revisions
Makes revisions above Makes some revisions Makes some revisions Demonstrates a lack of
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has been exceedingly has been sufficient to substantial way. revision has been done
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Ability to the content, focus, focus, structure, clarity, been somewhat improve the content, Select Select
Revise structure, clarity, and and coherence of an sufficient to improve focus, structure, clarity, rating. rating.
coherence of an earlier earlier SG draft. the content, focus, and coherence of an
SG draft. structure, clarity, and earlier SG draft.
coherence of
an earlier SG draft.
Makes relevant and Adds/Substitutes Somewhat Does not add/substitute

meticulous adding/ relevant material to an adds/substitutes relevant material to an Select Select
substituting of relevant earlier SG draft; deletes material to an earlier earlier SG draft. rating. rating.
material to an earlier unhelpful material. SG draft; somewhat
SG draft; meticulously deletes unhelpful
130
deletes unhelpful material.
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Strengthens Makes Makes minor No revisions

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introduction, transitions introduction, transitions introduction, transitions introduction, transitions
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creatively rewrites sentences that may be sentences that may be rewrite sentences that rating. rating.
sentences that may be distracting; combines distracting; combines may be distracting.
distracting; combines sentences that may be sentences that may be
sentences that may be combined. combined.
combined.
Ensures that Mechanics ( Mechanics ( Mechanics (

mechanics ( grammar, grammar, punctuation grammar, punctuation grammar, punctuation and
punctuation and and spelling) of final and spelling) of final spelling) of final revision
spelling) of final revision has 2 errors; revision has 3-4 errors; has 5 or more errors;
revision are nearly mechanics are mostly mechanics are mechanics have either Select Select
flawless. accurate and rarely somewhat accurate not improved significantly rating. rating.
impede meaning. and rarely impede or appear to be the only
meaning. focus of the revision.
[2]
[4] [3] [1]
Criteria Approaching the Self-Rati S/SCS
Exceeds the Standard Meets the Standard Developing the Standard Rating
Standard ng
Ensures that Bibliography Bibliography Bibliography

bibliography is has 1 error in format. has 2-3 errors in has 4 or more errors in Select Select
complete and follows format. format. rating. rating.
the CMS format.
Comprehens Incorporates Incorporates Incorporates

ively incorporates constructive comments comments that comments (or none at all)
constructive comments that prove helpful to somewhat prove but does not prove helpful
Ability to that prove helpful to improving the content, helpful to improving to improving the content, Select Select
Give improving the content, focus, structure, clarity, the content, focus, focus, structure, clarity, rating. rating.
Feedback focus, structure, clarity, and structure, clarity, and and
and coherence of an
coherence of coherence of coherence of an
earlier SG draft.
an earlier SG draft. an earlier SG draft. earlier SG draft.
131
Follows the Followed the Somewhat Did not follow
guidelines established guidelines established followed the guidelines the guidelines established
for Asana tasks; for Asana tasks; followed established for Asana for Asana tasks; did not
Select Select
Work Flow followed guidelines in guidelines in encoding tasks; followed follow guidelines in
rating. rating.
encoding slides and slides and quizzes, with guidelines in encoding encoding slides and
quizzes. 1-2 misses. slides and quizzes, quizzes, with more than 5
with 3-5 misses. misses.
Punctuality of Submission
Submitted Submitted on Submitted a Submitted two

ahead of time (no time (or on day after the given or more days after the Select Select
extensions asked). approved/adjusted deadline. given deadline. rating. rating.
deadline).
Total

Remark/s (if any):
132

Final - Arts 7.4 - Philippine Festivals and Theatrical Forms, 7 Lessons

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Final - Arts 7.4 - Philippine Festivals and Theatrical Forms, 7 Lessons

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UNIT 4:

Philippine Festivals and Theatrical Forms

Lesson 1: Philippine Religious Festivals and Regional Fiestas 7

Lesson 2: Designing Costumes and Props for Religious Festivals 18

Lesson 3: Choreographing Movements for Regional Fiestas 32

Lesson 5: Setting the Stage for Filipino Plays 58

Lesson 6: Shadows and Movements 69

Lesson 7: Performing Filipino Arts 85

Did You Know? 96

In this lesson, you should be able to

1. What is the meaning of fiesta to you?

As nouns, the difference between festival and fiesta is that

Higantes is celebrated every year on November 22 to 23 where a hundred higantes were

Fig. 3. Subli dancers and their costumes.

A. Identify the answers to the following questions.

1. Where is the Higantes Festival being celebrated?

1. The origin of the word subli is documented.

My Miniature Sized Doll of Angono’s Higantes

Fig. 6. A man making a doll out of recycled materials.

Apprentice Novice Master

General The student used different kinds

The student used the

Composition of elements creates

Combination of elements created

Content- Artwork’s design motifs were

The design was a characteristic of

The artwork was presented with

The artwork showed the richness

Key Guide Questions

1. What motifs in the Higantes festival will you use?

Feelings / Situations I disagree. I agree. I strongly agree.

The festivals and

The festivals and

1. What are the common answers listed on the board?

The topography of the Philippines is diverse with some areas

Pahiyas of Lucban, Quezon

Step 1: Make the rice paste for the kiping.

Step 2: Smear the rice paste on the leaves and

Step 3: Hang and dry the kiping, then strip it off

Ati-Atihan of Aklan and the Dinagyang of Iloilo

Fig. 6. Masskara Festival Dancers in Bacolod City

An important highlight in this event, however, is the Santacruzan. It is an activity during

Fig. 7. A Santcruzan procession.

B. Write True if the statement is correct or False if the statement is false.

1. Pahiyas is a harvest festival in Lucban Quezon.

Apprentice Novice Master

General The artist used different lines,

The artist used different values

The artist made good use of

The artwork has good rhythm,

The artwork has harmony,

Content- The artwork conveyed the

The artwork contained a

The artwork promoted the

The student finished the

The artwork was neat and

Key Guide Questions

The props and costumes of festivals display

The props and costumes in festivals have

It is important to know about the props

In this lesson, you should be able to

1. What is your dance move?