Digital case presentation

(future trends)
Nur Sabrina Binti Azman
TP061369
Table of contents

01. INTRODUCTION 04. REFERENCES

Basic understanding on artificial intelligence The references of all informations.
(AI), internet of things (IoT) & blockchain.

02. TIMELINE
The history of how cars, motorcycles, airplanes, trains
and transportation hub were invented to become an
industry.

03.FUTURE TRENDS

The evolution and revolution in the

automotive industry.
01 INTRODUCTION
Basic understanding on artificial intelligence
(AI), internet of things (IoT) & blockchain.
 What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
□ Artificial intelligence is a computerised system that
able to perform tasks that requires human reaction.

□ There are four main AI types which include

reactive, limited memory, theory of mind and self-
aware.

□ Example of AI in automotive industry: An

autonomous self-driving car moving without having
human control.




 What is Internet of Things (IoT)?
□ Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated
computing devices with the ability to transfer data via
network without any human interaction.

□ IoT can be connected by just adding sensors to

devices which increase the level of digital intelligence.

□ Example of IoT in automotive industry: The

connection to software and data platforms to receive
feature updates, software updates, safety
improvements and map and traffic updates.




 What is Blockchain?
□ A blockchain is a distributed database that connected
among the computer network as it stores information in
a digital format.

□ Blockchain works on allowing the digital information to

be recorded and distributed, but not edited to increase
the security wall.

□ Example of blockchain in automotive industry: Uber, an

e-hailing services that uses an application for a driver to
pick up a passenger to a destination with just one swipe.




 Timeline
02 The history of how cars, motorcycles, airplanes,
trains and transportation hub were invented to
become an industry.
TIMELINE ON THE HISTORY OF CARS
Timeline on the history of cars
Ferdinand Porsche debuts
Austria’s Lohner-Porsche, a
radical hybrid car that can
jAN. 29, generates electricity from two
small gasoline engines to
1886 power its front wheels.
Cadillac introduces the
first electric starter that
was created by Charles
“Boss” Kettering. The
Dec. starter that eliminates the Dec. 1,
need for drivers to hand-
1906 crank cars to life. 1913

Henry ford’s assembly line

Carl Benz patents PORSCHE SHOWS FIRST HYBRID Rolls-royce introduces ‘the Cadillac makes the
starts rolling, brings car
world’s first automobile CAR AT PARIS WORLD’S FAIR best car in the world’ engine crank obsolete ownership to the masses

Carl Benz, a German Rolls-Royce introduces The passion to “build a

mechanical engineer
created a patent for a
“vehicle powered by a
gas engine”. He created
the Motorwagen, the
three-wheeled vehicle’s
engine with just one
cylinder, less than 1 hp
and 10-m.p.h top speed.
the prototype for its
1900 iconic Silver Ghost - the
most famous hand-build,
durable, luxurious and
well-engineered car.
motor car for the great
1912 multitude”, the pioneer of
the American car maker,
Henry Ford implements
the first moving
automotive assembly line
for his Model T.
Timeline on the history of cars The U.S. Army seeks bids from
135 automakers to design a “light
reconnaissance vehicle” that
The Traction Avant, child of a French could handle tough military duty
engineer and industrialist, Andre- since it was war era. Willy’s
delivers its prototype “Quad”-
Gustave Citroen, is credited as the
May, named for its four-wheel-drive May 11,
1915 world’s first mass-produced, front-wheel-
system. Known as Jeep Wrangler
drive car. The sleek, lightweight unibody
1938 when which to civilian production.
1947
Citroen also pioneers in producing
suspension and hydraulic bakes.

The Citroen traction avant: Enzo ferrari’s first

African American car Hitler launches the Willys-overland
from gangsters to the
company sets up shop gestapo Volkswagen Beetle delivers first-ever jeep (red) car debuts

C.R. Patterson and Sons

Adolf Hitler produces an The legendary race car
of Greenfield, Ohio
affordable “people’s car” Nov. 14, company founder, Enzo
becomes the first African
American-owned
1934 for the masses. The
1940 Ferrari calls his 125S a
“Beetle” is listed as the “promising failure”. The
company by building a
most produced car when red roadster with 117 hp
carriage-making firm
VW builds 23 millions from a V-12 engine
after the Civil War to a
model produced from becomes a Ferrari
combustion-engine
1938 to 1999. signature.
automobiles such as
buses and commercial
vehicles.
Timeline on the history of cars Lunar Rover Vehicle,
built by Boeing, the
The founder, Ferdinand Porsche, foldable, lightweight,
designs a sports car called “911” battery-powered Rover-
with a distinctively tapered roofline a dune-buggy-like
and an air-cooled, six-cylinder vehicle that reached a
Aug. 26, engine at the rear. The distinctive April 17, max. speed of 11.2 mph Oct.
silhouette endures through 8- successfully travel to the
1959 generations of redesigns.
1964 moon. 1997

The mini Porsche 911 introduces Ford Mustang sparks First lunar rover Toyota Prius becomes
revolution at Frankfurt motor show beatlemania-style frenzy cruises the moon fuel-sipper supreme

Sir Alec Issigonis, Greek-
born Mini’s designer,
creates the pint-sized
automobile. The Mini’s
space-saving, engine-
sideways layout with
front-wheel drive
becomes the basis for
tens of millions of
modern car.
Henry Ford II and Lee
Sept. 12, Iacocca introduces the
Ford Mustang as the first
1963 muscle sport car. Racing
legend Carroll Shelby
lends performance cred
by engineering high-
powered versions.
Launched in Japan, the
July 31, fuel-saving, shoebox-
shaped Toyota sparks a
1971 sensational sale as
automakers start to
create their own gas-
electric hybrid type of
cars.
Timeline on the history of cars
The founder of Tesla, Elon Musk
introduces his first Tesla Roadster,
based on a Lotus Elise chassis,
heavily reengineered to run on
2005 electricity. Musk’s upstart has the 2021
industry realises that electric cars are
the future.

Bugatti Aveyron becomes

Tesla model s disrupts Tesla’s autonomous
world’s fastest
production car
fossil fuelled industry car carrier 2022

The Volkswagen Group’s The closest company to

Bugatti Veyron 16.4 with
its 987 hp, four-turbo, 16-
cylinder engine becomes
the fastest production
car.
June 12, put autonomous cars on
the market with their Full
2012 Sled-Driving package
that enable a hands-free
control of the automobile
for highway and freeway
driving.
TIMELINE ON THE HISTORY OF MOTORCYCLES
Timeline on the history of motorcycles
Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Mayback,
German partners, created the first gas- Charles H. Metz, a
powered engine than was combine with a manufacturing factory
traditional bike with the help of Nicolaus was responsible for the
Otto. Triumph Engineering was later first production of
1867 founded in England, which would have 1894 motorcycles in the 1901
become ‘Triumph Motorcycle’. America.

The first THE FIRST GAS-POWERED First motorcycle with

HILDEBRAND AND WOLFMULLER First production in
COMBUSTION ENGINE and dedion-buton’s innovation
motorcycle ‘triumph motorcycle’
COMPANY America four-stroke engine

Invented and created by A German company At the start of the

Sylvester Howard Roper, a called Hilderbrand and motorcycles in the
steam-powered, two-cycle 1885 Wolfmuller became the 1899 America, Indian
velocipede was essentially first to have created a Motorcycle has used
an early form of bicycle. factory production line for Dedion-Buton’s
However, it was called the ‘motor-cycles’ innovative invention of
‘motorcycle’ as it has two vehicles. the four-stroke engine to
wheels and a coal-fired create their first
steam engine. motorcycle.
Timeline on the history of MOTORCYCLES
When the first world began,
the European and American
armies has integrated
motorcycles into the Army as
1903 a convenient vehicle to carry
messages quickly.
When WWII ended, due to the
large number of veterans returning
home after having ridden these
1920’s vehicles, the ‘cruiser’ design
became popular. Brotherhoods and
- motorcycle clubs began to take off 1951
at this point.
1930’s

HARLEY-DAVIDSON THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND World war ii and KRONREIF AND TRUNKENPOZ
The industry’s sales influx
MOTORCYCLE COMPANY MOTORCYCLES motorcycles MATTIGHOFEN (KTM)

The partners, William

Harley with Arthur and
Walter Davidson has
launched Harley-
Davidson Motorcycle
Company under
transport vehicles. Their
engine proved to be
speedy and constantly
won races.
The motorcycle is embraced and
the industry experiences a large 1940’ An Austrian company
named Kronreif and
1914 influx of sales. During this time, Trunkenpolz
well-known companies like Moto s Mattighofen, also known
Guzzi and BMW were inducted into as ‘KTM’ has created
the industry, and the American their first prototype
Motorcyclist Association was motorcycle.
established.
Timeline on the history of motorcycles

Honda and Yamaha embarks Honda makes the

into the industry as want to second wave in the
prove to create motorcycles industry by creating a
that were advanced as the four-cylinder motorcycles
1952 power-house American brand 1960 that been called the first 1980’s
in the Japan. ‘superbike’.

Honda and Kawasaki’s first

First Japanese production HONDA AND YAMAHA ENTERS Kawasaki enters the HONDA MAKES THE
electronic fuel injection
of motorcycle, Suzuki THE INDUSTRY industry SECOND WAVE systems

Suzuki became the first The company known as Honda and Kawasaki
Japanese producer of Kawasaki make an become the first to
motorcycles, which 1955 entrance in the race 1969 introduce electronic fuel
sooner led to a ripple of industry and released injection systems
high-quality bikes being their first bike. motorcycles.
created within the
country.
Timeline on the history of motorcycles

Polaris announces the

resurrection of one of the
The first electric motorbike first American motorcycle
1990’s called the Lectra was 2009 brand called Indian 2018
produces into the industry. Motorcycle.

THE OTHER BRANDS The first hybrid Indian Motorcycle Harley-davidson first
THE FIRST ELECTRIC MOTORBIKE
COMEBACK motorcycles enters to market electric motorcycle

As the industry The first hybrid Harley-Davidson

experiences a surge in
motorcycle sales, then
brand BMW, Ducati,
Aprilia and Triumph to
make a comeback.
motorcycle called the introduces their first
1998 Eco Vehicle ET-120 is 2013 electric motorcycle to the
introduced and sold in industry called LiveWire.
India.
TIMELINE ON THE HISTORY OF BOATS
Timeline on the history of boats

A frame boat, built like a The Egyptians were

basket and covered with building wooden boats
7000 animal skins was another very 4000 that could sail across 1000
early boat. A coating of tar oceans to find new
bc kept the boat from the water. bc lands. ad

The first boat in the Wooden boats to The viking longboats

The first frame boat Ancient Egypt’s boat builder
world across the ocean revolution

Thousands of years ago,

a raft made by tying
several logs together
with creepers was the
first water transport that
a person could steer.
5000 Boat builders in ancient
Egypt used reeds to
build what were probably
bc the first sailing boats in
the world.
2500 These ships that was known by
the ‘Viking Longboats’ had sail up
to 60 oarsmen who rowed the
bc ship. The longboats were long
and narrow so were able to travel
on the open sea, as well as along
the rivers.
Timeline on the history of boats

The first steamships that

1100 Three or four types of sailing had cross the Atlantic
ad ships were in service for 1800’s ocean combined steam 1845
centuries as a water transport. and wind power.

The chinese sailing boats The industry of boats on its

The ‘clipper ships’ The first ‘steamships’ THE PROPELLER MECHANISM
enters the revolution way to evolution

Chinese people were sailing Fast sailing ships called The first ocean-going
boats with a rudder for 1450 ‘clipper ships’ were built liners made of iron and
steering the boat, patterns
onwards in the 1800’s. They had 1819 driven by a propeller
on the sails to give then long, slim hulls and tall were being built and
greater strength and masts. used from the time
watertight compartments being.
long before the western
ships had them.
Timeline on the history of boats

The revolution of the

hovercraft that float
Coal burning sailing ships above the waves on
were converted to diesel cushions of air and are
1880’s power, using oil instead of 1912 capable of high speeds 1959
steam. up to 140 km/h.

The evolution of Coal burning system were The revolution of

The legendary ‘titanic’ The n.s. savannah
mechanisms introduced to the industry Hovercraft

Some steam driven river
boats had rear paddles
and were called stern
wheelers, others had
paddle wheels on their
side.
One of the legendary
pioneer ship that was
1910 known as the ‘Titanic’
was built in England
during this time of the
year.
The N.S. Savannah is
one of the first nuclear
1955 powered cargo ships and
was able to sail for three
and a half years without
to be refuelled.
Timeline on the history of boats

The container ships was introduced

in the 1980’s to carry cargo in huge The cruise liners are
metal boxes which are stacked on ships that carry hundreds
1980’s the deck. A modern cargo ship can … of people on floating …
carry up to one thousand containers. holidays in the ocean.

The modern nuclear

The hydrofoil enters the The cruise liners were
Container ships The ‘supertankers’ powered aircraft as
revolution introduced transport base

The hydrofoil was used Among the largest ships The modern nuclear
as ferried or water taxi, were ever built, these powered aircraft carries
hydrofoils ride on wings … supertankers are used 1990’s battle cruisers,
that lift the craft clear of as an oil transportation. destroyers and nuclear
the water so that it rides powered submarine are
on skis as it gain speed. all use to keep a country
safe and to protect its
territory.
Timeline on the history of boats

The modernised raft is a type of

A jet ski is a small self-
propelled vehicle for a single
person that resembles the
2000’s scooter and is steered by the
handlebars.
boat that distinguished by the
absence of hull. The rafts are
kept afloat either by buoyant
… materials such as inflated …
containers.

Ferry Jet ski Kayak The modernised raft The ‘yachts’

It is a boat or a ship that The kayak is a long A yacht is a sailing boats

carries passengers and
sometimes their vehicles
on short-distance.
narrow hunting boat or power vessels used
… propelled by a single of … for pleasure, cruising or
double paddles. even racing. It is known
as a personal sailing
boat.
TIMELINE ON THE HISTORY OF AIRPLANES.
Timeline on the history of airplanes

The first untethered manned

World known artist, Leonardo hot air balloon flight was on
1000 da Vinci designs flying 21 November 1783 in Paris,
bce machines. Sketch dated in 1709 France in a balloon created 1843
1488. by the Montgolfier brothers.

First kite Da vinci designs planes Model glider design Hot air balloon flight Biplane design

Kites are invented in

China. 1485 - Bartolomeu Laurenco de
Gusmao designs a
George Cayley’s biplane
design is introduced to
model glider. 1783 the era.
1500
Timeline on the history of airplanes

Orville and Wilbur Wright

make the first recorded Alberto Santos-Dumont
powered, sustained and makes the first
1895 controlled flight in a heavier- 1904 successful powered flight 1911
than-air flying machine, in the Europe

First powered flight in new First powered flight in New Zealander launches
The biplane gliders First powered flight
zealand Europe glider

Otto Lilienthal flies Richard Pearse who is George Bolt’s flying

biplane gliders. from New Zealand career began in the
1903 makes his first 1906 South Island in 1911. He
appearance on the launched the glider from
powered flight called the the Cashmere Hills at the
‘monoplane’ of more age of 18.
than a few seconds.
Timeline on the history of airplanes

A pilot named Charles

In the year of 1939, Yeager were the first to
Germany’s Heinkel 178 fly the first aircraft to
1930 became the first fully jet- 1940’s exceed the speed of 1969
propelled aircraft to fly. sound in level flight.

Aerial agricultural Aircraft exceeds speed First supersonic transport

Jet engine invented First jet-propelled aircraft
developed in nz of sound flight

In the 1930, a British
inventor known as Frank
Whittle invented the jet
engine.
Seed sowing, top
dressing and crop
1939 dusting were developed
in NZ with the ex-WW2
pilots and planes.
In the year of 1969, the
first flights of supersonic
1947 transport known as
Soviet TU-144 and
Anglo-French Concorde
were introduced to the
industry.
Timeline on the history of airplanes

Dick Rutan and Jeana

Yeager fly the US
A turbojet-powered supersonic ultralight Voyager around
passenger jet known as the the world in a 9-day non- 2005 -
1970 ‘Concorde’ begins its first 1979 stop flight from California
passenger-carrying service. to California. 2006

First Boeing 747 Longest human-powered First non-stop flight First non-stop world solo
Concorde passengers
commercial flight flight around the world flights

In the year of 1970, a
flight known as Boeing
747 makes the first
commercial flight.
A man named Bryan
Allen pedals the
1976 Gossamer Albatross
across the English
Channel, breaking the
distance record for
human-powered flight.
Steve Fossett makes the
first non-stop solo flight
1986 around the world in 2005
and landed in England
after flying around the
world once and crossing
the Atlantic twice in
2006.
Timeline on the history of airplanes

In December of 2019, the

world’s first fully-electric
2016 aircraft for commercial flight
completed a test in Canada.

Solar flight around the

world
Electric aircraft 2022

Solar Impulse 2 was the

first plane to be powered
by a renewable energy 2019
source to fly around the
world.
TIMELINE ON THE HISTORY OF TRAINS.
Timeline on the history of trains
Scotsman James Watt
1603 managed to build the first
stationary steam engine.
An Englishman named
Matthew Murray created
the first steam based
locomotive in Leeds.
Richard Trevithick
1803 showcased his 1812
locomotive in public.

First stationary steam

The First wagonway
engine
First public railway First locomotive Commercial railways

Huntingdon Beaumont The first public railway In the year of 1812, the
created the first recorded was created in London to first commercial
wagon way in the 1774 transport the goods on 1804 passenger railway
England. the line that was 14km opened in England on
long. the Middleton Railway.
Timeline on the history of trains

In the year of 1830,

In the year of 1829, the first Americans had built their
steam locomotive started first steam engine as it
working in America however worked great until the
1825 its excessive weights forced it 1829 year of 1931 when it 1863
to become stationary boiler. exploded.

THE COMMERCIAL ‘ROCKET’ First American steam

Locomotion no. 1 First locomotive in america First underground railway
TRAIN engine

A man known as George
Stephenson built his
famous Locomotion No.1
which was capable of
pulling 90 tons of coal at
15mph.
In the year of 1829,
Stephenson’s locomotive
1829 ‘Rocket’ train became
the fastest train that was
ever built wait its top
speed of 30 mph. It was
also capable of carrying
30 people.
In the year of 1863, the
first underground railway
1830 started working in
London. Success of this
track gave birth to the
modern subways.
Timeline on the history of trains
In the year 1913, diesel
powered locomotives were
1872 introduced and started being
used in the Sweden.
In the year of 1964, the
first bullet train was
introduced in the Japan.
It traveled between
Tokyo and Osaka with
1960 the average speed of 1979
160 km/h.

First automatic air brake Diesel-powered locomotives Diesel-electric power First bullet train The French tgv

In the year 1872, an In the year 1960, In 1979, France has

American inventor known
as George
Westinghouse patented
his first automatic air
brake, which sooner
became a primary brake
system in all future
trains.
America has finished
1913 their transition steam
models to a diesel-
electric power.
begun using their high
1964 speed train called the
‘TGV’. It has an average
travelling speed up to
300 km/h.
Timeline on the history of trains

2010

Shanghai largest metro

system 2022

In the year of 2010,

Shanghai Metro has
becoming the world’s
largest urban transit
system with 420m lines
and 278 stations in total.
03 Future trends
The evolution and revolution in the
automotive industry.
FUTURE TRENDS ON CARS
The walking vehicle concept.
 The beginning of the walking vehicle concept

THE WALKING TRUCK

● The walking truck was created by Ralph

S_Mosher in 1966 that is known as General
Electric (GE) Walking Truck.


● The operator’s hands controlled the two front

legs and the feet operated controlled the two
rear legs.
 tHE WALKING vehicle CONCEPT inspiration

STAR WARS

● An American space opera multimedia

franchise created by George Lucas in 1977.


● Various films and other media including

television series, video games, novels, comic
books, theme park attractions and more.
 tHE WALKING vehicle CONCEPT inspiration

LAND VEHICLES IN STAR WARS

● In the movies, it is called the ‘Walkers and

Tanks’.


● A fictional Star Wars terrestrial vehicles that

is used in wars or as a transportation method
by land in the films.
tHE WALKING vehicle CONCEPT inspiration

THE WALKERS IN STAR WARS

There are 8 types of walkers that were introduced in

the films:


- All Terrain Armoured Transport (AT-AT)

- All Terrain Scout Transport (AT-ST)

- All Terrain Tactical Enforcer (AT-TE)

- All Terrain Armoured Cargo Transport (AT-ACT)
- All Terrain Reconnaissance Transport (AT-RT)
- All Terrain Attack Pod (AT-AP)
- All Terrain Defense Pod (AT-DP)
- All Terrain MegaCaliber Six (AT-M6)
 tHE WALKING vehicle CONCEPT comes to reality

HYUNDAI’S ELEVATE
● ‘Elevate’ is a concept of a walking vehicle that has
created by Hyundai and Sundberg-Ferar starting in
2018.


● The concept is to achieve the ultimate mobility

demand that have no limit terrain access.


● The team has made a prototype by using carbon

fibre.

● The concept of the vehicle is not just walking but

can transform to a normal land vehicle.
FUTURE TRENDS ON motorcycles
The future of Z-TRONIC light bike.
 tHE Z-TRONIC LIGHT BIKE inspiration

TRON LEGACY

● An American space opera multimedia

franchise created by George Lucas in 1977.


● Various films and other media including

television series, video games, novels, comic
books, theme park attractions and more.
 THE Z-TRONIC LIGHT BIKE BY BMW

THE Z-TRONIC

● BMW’s latest vision for motorcycle’s industry.


● Incorporate an electric engine, a flexi frame

for maximum responsiveness, terrain tyres
and a self-stabilising system.
FUTURE TRENDS ON boats
The future of The Quadrofoil, an electric personal
watercraft.
 The quatrefoil - an electric personal watercraft

THE QUADROFOIL
● The Quadrofoil known as Q2 has given a
wide-spectrum of unique improvements in
efficiency, range, manoeuvrability, safety and
comfort.

● The Q2, offers a wide range of future design

including a unique C-Shape hydrofoils, State-
of-the-art ergonomics, wave-piercing, hydro-
aerodynamic hull,Formula 1 inspired
detachable steering wheel and a touch
screen display.
FUTURE TRENDS ON trains
The future of Hyperloop Train by Elon Musk.
 Hyperloop train by Elon Musk

THE HYPERLOOP TRAIN

● A super-fast passenger train that would

overcome the usual friction by levitating
above its track on air-bearings in an enclosed
low-pressure tube.


● With a top speed of 750 mph, magnetic force

is directed towards end of the rails which
pushes armature and train forward.
FUTURE TRENDS ON airplanes
The future of ZerO - the plane of the future .
 ZERO - THE PLANE OF THE FUTURE

THE ZERO

● The concept plane runs off electricity

rather than jet fuel. The concept
envisages the use of batteries however
electric generators could also be installed
on board.


● The aesthetic feature of the concept also

came into play.
04 References
The references of all informations.
● HISTORY. 2022. Car History Timeline: From 3-Wheeled Buggies to Self-Driving Vehicles -
HISTORY. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.history.com/news/car-history-timeline
[Accessed 13 March 2022].


● Cam. 2022. The Timeline and History of Motorcycles. [ONLINE] Available at: https://
brainbucket.rumbleon.com/history-of-motorcycles [Accessed 13 March 2022].


● Science Learning Hub. 2022. A progression of flight - timeline - Science Learning Hub.
[ONLINE] Available at: https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1691-a-progression-of-
flight-timeline [Accessed 13 March 2022].


● Timetoast. 2022. The Evolution of Trains timeline | Timetoast timelines. [ONLINE]

Available at: https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/the-evolution-of-trains [Accessed 13
March 2022].


● Water transportation history and new trends. 2022. Water transportation history and new
trends. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/AMALDASKH/water-
transportation-history-and-new-trends [Accessed 13 March 2022].