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Definitions: Topic: Introduction to bio
Term / Concept: Definition:
Biology The study of life and interactions of living
things with their environment
Face mask To protect against breathing the smoke , fumes
and infectious germs
Google To protect the eyes from hazardous chemicals
Laboratory To protect the hands from sharp materials and
gloves chemical spillage
Lab coat To protect the skin and clothes from chemical
splashes
Lab shoes to protect against chemical splash, sharp
objects, and falling objects
Emergency used immediately when the skin is exposed to
shower station corrosive chemical
Eye wash station To wash eyes immediately once contacted
with chemicals
Fume chamber  a place to carry out experiments that produce
toxic fumes
Laminar flow  provides a work area with sterile conditions
cabinet by allowing only filtered air
Biology safety  an enclosed ventilated work area to work
cabinet safely with materials contaminated with
microorganisms that cause disease
Cross section Cut horizontally ( the way of an object is cut)

Term / Concept: Definition:

Longitudinal Cut from top to bottom ( the way of an object
section is cut)
Anterior Towards the front body
Posterior Towards the back body
Superior All parts below : towards the feet
Dorsal Upper part of the body ( back in human )
Ventral The lower part of the body ( front in human)
Lateral Towards the side
Definitions: Topic: Cell biology & organisation

Term / Concept: Definition:

Plasma - Controls the movement substance in &
membrane out of the cell
- Allows the exchange of nutrients,
respiratory gases
Cytoplasm - acts a medium for biochemical reaction
Cell wall - maintains shape , provide support &
turgidity to plants
- only available in plant cells
Rough - Transport protein that is synthesized by
endoplasmic ribosomes to golgi apparatus
reticulum (RER)
Smooth - Synthesis and tarnsports glycerol & lipids
endoplasmic - Carries out detoxification of drugs and
reticulum (SER) metabolic-by-products
Ribosomes - Synthesis protein
Nucleus - Controls all cell activities
Mitochondrion - Energy is produced in the form of ATP
 - Site for aerobic respiration to release
energy
Golgi apparatus - Pack , transports,modifies protein and
lipids that is received from endoplasmic
reticulum

Term / Concept: Definition:

Lysosome - Break downs organic compounds to
protein and lipid
Centriole - For the formation of spindle fibre during
cell division
Chloroplast - Contains chlorophyll
- Chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight
&converts it to chemical energy for
phothosynthesis
- Only in plant cells
Vacuole - Contains water,glucose and dissolved
materials
- Maintain turgidity of cells in plants
- Only in plant cell
Epithelial cell - Cell that secretes mucus to trap dust and
microorganisms
Muscle celll - To contract & relax to produce movement
Nerve cell - Transmits nerve impulses from brain to
spinal cord
Red blood cell - Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
White blood cell - Protect the body from infections by
destroying pathogens
Sperm cell - Swims to ovum for fertilization
Palisade - Allows maximum absorption of sunlight
mesophyll cell

Term / Concept: Definition:

Spongy - To allow gaseous exchange from the
mesophyll cell inside of the leaves to the palisade
mesophyll
Xylem vessels - To transport water & mineral salts from
the root to the leaves
Sieve tube - Transport dissolved substance from leaves
to all part of plant
Root hair cell - Absorbs water and mineral ions from the
soil
Guard cell - Controls to opening and closing of the
stomata