Source: WikiPedia

The Philippines consist of

The primary difference is that they were
a large number of upland not absorbed by centuries
ethnolinguistic nations of Spanish and United States colonization
living in the country. The of the Philippines, and in the process have
highland ethnic nations retained their customs and traditions. This
have co-existed with the is mainly due to the rugged inaccessibility
lowland Austronesian of the mountains, which discouraged
ethnic nations for Spanish and American colonizers from
thousands of years in the coming into contact with the highlanders
Philippine archipelago.
• In the 1990s, there were more than 100 highland tribal groups
constituting approximately 3% of the population. The upland tribal
groups were a blend in ethnic origin, like those in lowland areas of
the country, although the upland tribal groups do not interact nor
intermingle with the latter.
• Because they displayed a variety of social organization, cultural
expression and artistic skills. They showed a high degree of
creativity, usually employed to embellish utilitarian objects, such as
bowls, baskets, clothing, weapons and spoons.
• The tribal groups of the Philippines are known for their carved
wooden figures, baskets, weaving, pottery and weapons.
 These groups ranged from
various Igorot tribes, a group that
includes the Bontoc, Ibaloi, Ifugao,
Isneg,
Kalinga, Kankanaey and Tinguian,
who built the Rice Terraces. They
also covered a wide spectrum in
terms of their integration and
acculturation with lowland
Christian and Muslim Filipinos.
Native groups such as
the Bukidnon in Mindanao, had
intermarried with lowlanders for
almost a century. Other groups
such as the Kalinga in Luzon
have remained isolated from
lowland influence.
 There were several upland groups
living in the Cordillera Central of
Luzon in 1990. At one time it was
employed by lowland Filipinos in a
pejorative sense, but in recent
years it came to be used with pride
by native groups in the mountain
region as a positive expression of
their ethnic identity
The Ifugao of Ifugao province,
the Bontoc, Kalinga, Tinguian,
the Kankanaey and Ibaloi were
all farmers who constructed
the rice terraces for many
centuries.
Other mountain peoples of Luzon
are the
Isnag of the province of Apayao
Gaddang of the border between
Kalinga and Isabela provinces
The Ilongot of Nueva Vizcaya
province and Caraballo Mountains
Other groups such as
the Negritos formerly dominated
the highlands throughout the
islands for thousands of years, but
have been reduced to a small
population, living in widely
scattered locations, primarily along
the eastern ranges of the mountains

In the Southern Philippines, upland
and lowland tribal groups were
concentrated on Mindanao and
western Visayas, although there are
several upland groups such as
the Mangyan living in Mindoro.
Among the most important groups
found on Mindanao are collectively
called the Lumad, and includes
the Manobo which is a bigger
ethnographic group such as the Ata-
Manobo and the Matigsalug found
in Davao City, Davao del Norte and
Bukidnon Province.
 The Ubo-Manobo in
The Langilan- The Pulanguiyon- southwestern parts of Davao
Manobo in Davao del Manobo of City, and northern parts of
Norte; the Agusan- North Cotabato Province that
Manobo in Agusan del Bukidnon Province; is also to include
Sur and southern parts the Arumanen-Manobo of
of Agusan del Norte; Carmen (N. Cotabato);
the Dulangan-Manobo in the
Province of Sultan Kudarat.
The Talaandig, Higaonon an The Kalagan lives
d Bukidnon of Bukidnon particularly in lowland
province, Bagobo, Mandaya areas and seashores of
, Mansaka, Tagakaulo in Davao del Norte,
Davao region who Compostella Valley, Davao
Oriental and some
inhabited the mountains seashores in Davao Del Sur,
bordering the Davao Gulf
 The Mamanua in
The Subanon of
the Agusan-
upland areas
Surigao border
in Zamboanga;
region;
The B'laan, Ted
uray and Tboli i Yakan is the indigenous tribe in
the hinterlands of Basilan
n the region of
the Cotabato Province. In the lowland lives
province the Sama Banguingui tribe
while in coastal areas there
leave the nomadic Luwa'an.
Sulu lowland areas are also
home of the Sama Banguingui
The Samal is
synonymous with
Luwa'an. They are the
Sama or the Sinama
and the Jama Mapun
are the indigenous
tribes in the province
of Tawi-Tawi
The islands of the Philippines are inhabited by more than
175 Ethnolinguistic Nations, the majority of whose own languages
are Austronesian languages in origin. Many of these nations
converted to Christianity, particularly the lowland-coastal
nations, and adopted many foreign elements of culture.

Ethnolinguistic nations include

the Ivatan, Ilocano, Pangasinan, Kapampangan, Tagalog, Bicolan
o, Visayans (Masbateño, Hiligaynon, Cebuano, Waray, Butuanon,
Romblomanon, Kamayo, Cuyunon,
and Surigaonon), Zamboangueño, Subanon, and a lot more.
• In western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago, there are
ethnolinguistic nations who practice Islam. The Spanish called
them Moros after the Moors (despite no resemblance or cultural
ties to them apart from their religion). In the Agusan Marsh and the
highlands of Mindanao, there are native ethnic groups collectively
known as the Lumad. Unlike the Moros, these people do not
practice Islam, and maintain their animistic beliefs and traditions
though some of them have converted to Christianity as well.
The Negrito are a pre-Austronesian people who migrated
from motherland (Africa) and were among the earliest
human beings to settle the Philippines. The first known
were the people of the Callao Man remains. The Negrito
population was estimated in 2004 at around 31,000. Their
tribal groups include the Ati, and the Aeta. Their ways of
life remain mostly free from Western and Islamic
influences. Scholars study them to try to understand pre-
Hispanic culture.
Most Filipinos are Malayo-Polynesian, a major family within
the Austronesian language family. Other ethnolinguistic nations
form a minority in the Philippine population. These include those
of Spanish, Latin American, Japanese, Chinese particularly the
Hokkien Ethnic and Cantonese Ethnic, Indians particularly the
Punjabi Ethnic, Tamil Ethnic and Kerala Ethnic, English, Castilian,
and other ethnolinguistic nations from other countries. Mixed-race
or mixed-ethnicity individuals are known as mestizo.
Ethnolinguistic Nations (Low Land)
Ethnolinguistic Nations (Low Land)
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Ethnolinguistic Nations (High Land)
Ethnolinguistic Nations (Low Land)
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Ethnolinguistic Nations (High Land)
Ethnolinguistic Nations (High Land)
Ethnolinguistic Nations (High Land)
Ethnolinguistic Nations (High Land)
Ethnolinguistic Nations (High Land)
Ethnolinguistic Nations (High Land)
Ethnolinguistic Nations (High Land)