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Culture Documents
Past Paper 2
Past Paper 2
Past Paper 2
This paper is suitable for current students and all re-entry candidates.
The marks for this paper constitute 70% of the total marks for this course.
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Instructions:
Each answer must be approximately 1200 words. Students are advised to keep to expected
word counts, but coursework policies on overlength does not apply.
1. “The right of citizens to have their voices heard and influence policies and legislative
measures is at the core of democracy and good governance.”
2. “One of the distinctive features of the European Union (EU) is that its institutions were
vested with real powers to achieve the objectives defined in the constitutive treaties. The
balance of power between the EU institutions has evolved since its inception and, it had
to, because of the massive expansion of competencies and policies and the overall
progression of European integration.”
Discuss.
3. “The requirement that all Courts and Tribunals in the European Union (EU) Member
States are free to refer questions of EU law to the Court of Justice of the European
Union (CJEU) poses a problem for the national systems of precedent.”
Discuss.
4. “The externalisation of the European Union Border control is said to be putting human
rights at risk.”
Discuss.
5. “The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFREU) offers a limited
scope for protection of human rights.”
Discuss.
6. “Indirect effect has now become the single most significant doctrine in the judicial
application of European Union law by national courts.”
Discuss.
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