Management Information Systems

Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network

Introduction
Networking means the group of computer connected to each
other through the communication media for the purpose of
communication and sharing the resources.
The shared resources might be:
• Data files
• Applications
• Hardware
The number of possible connections on a network is
N(N–1)/2 or (N2 –N)/2
N = number of nodes (points of connection)
Example: 10 computers on a network = 10(10–1)/2
= 45 possible connections
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Introduction
Advantages
a) The copies of software can be copied with the other
computers.
b) Peripherals like printers, hard disk can be
accessed by the computer in the network, so that
total installation charge will be deducted.
Disadvantages
a) Highly chances of virus infection in the computers
within the network.
b) Highly chances of losing data/information, if proper
authentication is not maintained.
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Introduction
Components of Computer Network
To create the network between computers, some
components are compulsorily needed. Some of the
basic components of the network are:
• Computer
• Transmission media
• Network software
• Protocols
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Introduction
Types of Network
Computer network can be classified into different
types depending upon its size, geographical
distribution and the structure. The different types
of computer network are:
• Local Area Network (LAN)

• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

• Wide Area Network (WAN)

• Virtual Private Network (VPN)

 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Types of Network

Local Area Network (LAN)

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a
network that is confined to a
relatively small area. It is generally
a limited to a geographic area such
as a lab, school or building. Its
main communications media are
cables and generally owned by one Fig. Local Area Network

organization. Data transmission

rate is faster than WAN and less
errors rates.
Features (LAN):
a) Owned by a single organizations.
b) Diameter of not more than three kilometers (approx.).
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Types of Network

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN) covers larger geographical
areas such as cities or school
districts by interconnecting
smaller networks within a large
geographic area. Information is
easily disseminated throughout the
network.
Features (MAN): Fig. Metropolitan Area Network

a) A MAN, which can include one or more LANs as well as

telecommunica-tions equipment such as microwave and
satellite relay stations, is smaller than a wide area network
but generally operates at a higher speed.
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Types of Network

Wide Area Network (WAN)

WAN stands for Wide Area
Network, spans relatively large
geographical area such as city-to-
city, country-to-country and
throughout the world. Its main
communication media are satellite,
telephone lines, radio modem
etc. Fig. Wide Area Network

Features (WAN):
a) Owned by multiple organizations.
b) Covers a large geographical area.
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Types of Network
Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Types of Network

Virtual Private Networks (VPN)

• Used to establish secure intranets and extranets

• The Internet is the main backbone network
• Relies on network firewalls, encryption, and
other security features to build a “pipe” through the
Internet
• Creates a private network without the high
cost of a separate proprietary connection

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 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Network Topology

The configuration or layout of a network formed by

the connections between devices on a LAN (local
area network) or between two or more LANs.
• Bus Topology

• Ring Topology

• Star Topology
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Network Topology

Bus Topology
A topology
(configuration) for a
LAN (local area
network) in which all
nodes is connected to a
main communications
line (bus). Fig. Bus Topology

Node: Each computer or device in a network is

called a node.
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Network Topology

Bus Topology
Advantages:
a) It uses short length cable that decreases the
installation cost.
b) Low traffic cost.
Disadvantages:
a) If problem occurs on the bus, the entire network
will go down.
b) Limited to future addition of other devices.
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Network Topology

Ring Topology
A LAN (local area
network) in which devices
(nodes) are connected in a
closed loop, or ring.

Fig. Ring Topology

 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Network Topology

Ring Topology
Advantages:
a) Short cable connections which cause an increase in
network reliability.
b) Supports optical fiber cable that is very high-speed
data transmission media.
Disadvantages:
a) Because of the closed loop, however, adding new
nodes can be difficult.
b) Any node failure causes network failure.
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Network Topology

Star Topology
A LAN (local area
network) in which each
device (node) is connected
to a central computer in a
star-shaped configuration
(topology); commonly, a
network consisting of a
central computer (the hub)
surrounded by terminals.
Fig. Star Topology
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Network Topology

Star Topology
Advantages:
a) Need only one link, i.e. input/output port.
b) Easy to troubleshoot.
Disadvantages:
a) Long cable length, since each device is directly
connected to the central hub.
b) The entire network becomes inoperable if the
central hub fails to work.
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Network Topology

LAN Configuration
in Star Topology

Fig. TCP/IP Properties

 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Network Topology

LAN Configuration in Star Topology

Fig. IP Configuration
DNS: Domain Name System
DHCP: Dynamic Host Control Protocol
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Protocols

The protocols are set of rules and formats for

sending and receiving data.
OR
Protocols are technical guidelines that govern the
exchange of signal transmission and reception
between equipments.
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Few Protocols

 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a

communications protocol for the transfer of
information on the Internet.
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a network protocol
used to transfer data from one computer to another
through a network, such as the Internet.
 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a de facto
standard for electronic mail (e-mail) transmissions
across the Internet.
 Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3) is used to
retrieve e-mail from a remote mail server.
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Few Protocols

 Internet Protocol Suite (commonly TCP/IP) is the set of

communications protocols used for the Internet and other
similar networks.
 IPX/SPX stands for Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced
Packet Exchange. IPX and SPX are networking protocols used
primarily on networks using the Novell NetWare operating
systems.
 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is the method for finding a
host's hardware address (MAC) when only its Network Layer
address (IP) is known.
MAC: Media Access Control
IP: Internet Protocol
RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Business Application Trends
• Telecommunications networks now play a vital and
pervasive role in Web-enabled…
• E-business processes
• Electronic commerce
• Enterprise collaboration
• Other applications that support operations,
management, and strategic objectives
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
The Internet Revolution
• The Internet has become a global information
superhighway
• Millions of smaller, private networks operating
independent of, or in harmony with, each other
• 10 servers in 1991 to over 46 million today
• Sustained growth in excess of 1 million servers per
month
• No central computer system
• No governing body
• Based on common standards

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 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Internet Service Providers
• ISP
• A company that specializes in providing easy access to
the Internet
• For a monthly fee, provides software, user name,
password, and Internet access
• ISPs themselves are connected to one another
through network access points
• One ISP can easily connect to another to obtain
addresses of websites or user nodes
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Internet Applications
• Most popular Internet applications and uses
• E-mail
• Instant messaging
• Browsing the Web
• Chat rooms
• Publish opinions, subject matter, creative work
• Buy and sell
• Downloading (data, software, reports, pictures, music,
videos)

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 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Internet Applications
• Business use of the Internet
 E-commerce is the major business use of the
Internet.
 For marketing, sales and customer relationship
management applications, applications in
engineering and human resources.
 Enterprise communication and collaboration
 Forming new business partnerships
 Providing customer and vendor support

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 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Business Use of the Internet
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Business Value of the Internet

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 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
The Role of Intranets
• Many companies have sophisticated and widespread
intranets, offering…
• Detailed data retrieval
• Collaboration
• Personalized customer profiles
• Links to the Internet
• Intranets use Internet technologies
• Web browsers and servers
• TCP/IP network protocols
• HTML publishing and databases

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 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Intranets
• Intranets are protected by…
• Passwords
• Encryption
• Firewalls
• Customers, suppliers, and other business partners
can access an intranet via extranet links

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 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Business Value of Intranets
• Intranets support
• Communications and collaboration
• Business operations and management
• Web publishing
• Intranet portal management

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 Management Information Systems
Intranets as Information Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Portals

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 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Extranets
• Network links that use Internet technologies to
connect the intranet of a business to the intranets of
another
• Virtual Private Networks
• Direct private network links, or private secure Internet
links between companies
• Unsecured Extranet
• Link between a company and others via the Internet,
relying on encryption of sensitive data and firewall
security systems
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Extranet Connectivity
 Management Information Systems
Unit 3: Telecommunication and Network
Business Value of Extranets
• Web browser technology makes customer and
supplier access to intranets easier and faster
• Another way to build and strengthen strategic
relationships
• Enables and improves collaboration between a
business, customers, and partners
• Facilitates online, interactive product development
and marketing

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