Техническая эксплуатация водного транспорта: проблемы и пути развития

У ДК 639.2.052.5
Н.И. Репринцева, Ю.Д. Рыгин
Камчатский государственный технический университет,
Петропавловск-Камчатский, 683003
e-mail: nezzkam@gmail.com
ГЛУБОКОВОДНАЯ, МЕЛКОВОДНАЯ И ПРИБРЕЖНАЯ РЫБНАЯ ЛОВЛЯ
Настоящая статья посвящена особенностям глубоководной, мелководной и прибрежной рыбной лов-
ли, а также освещает функции рыбаков, находящихся в опасных условиях в открытом море.

Ключевые слова: моряк, рыба, рыбалка, вода, берег, глубоководный, прибрежный.

N.I. Reprintseva, Y.D. Rygin

Kamchatka State Technical University,
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683003
e-mail: nezzkam@gmail.com
DEEP-SEA, MIDDLE-WATER AND INSHORE FISHING
The present article is devoted to the peculiarities of deep-sea, middle-water and inshore fishing and describes
the function of fishermen during dangerous conditions in open sea.

Key words: seaman, fish, fishing, water, shore, deep-sea, inshore.

More than half the total catch of white fish landed in Great Britain is caught by deep-sea trawlers
operating from Hull, Grimsby and, to a lesser extent, from Fleetwood in Lancashire.
Once fishing begins, every member of the crew is working most hours of the dyad night. In the old
days there is a regulation that a man must spend six hours below after an eighteen-hour spell on
deck [1]. It usually works out that of the twelve men handing the trawl and getting the fish mine are
working (for twelve hours) and thee are sleeping (for four hours).
It is doubtful whether the skipper has even this much relief; the catch is his responsibility and he is
on the bridge practically the whole time he is in the fishing grounds.
When the rope fastening the cod-end is untied by the bos’n, the gleaming catch spills on to
the deck and the deckhands gut the fish which are washed a special machine. It is the bos’n’s duty to
see that all fish are clear of blood and slime before they are stacked in the fishroom, which occupies
all the space between the fo’c’s’le and the bridge and is designed to hold 4,000 ten-stone kits.
(The ten-stone kit or box is a standard measure with the deep-sea fishermen.) Really is the maximum
storage needed. Anything above 2,000 kits represents a fair haul and one of 3,000 kits would
be something of a record.
After the fish are gutted, the livers are collected and processed for oil.
The deep-sea fishermen experience many disadvantages. They are away from home for three
weeks at a time and usually put to sea again after only 48 hours ashore, so that they cannot have much
home life. Their hours and conditions of work are arduous [4]. Winter in the northern water is very rig-
orous. The fishermen endure bitter cold and face danger stormy seas and drifting ice flows. With
numbed hands, they gut the icy fish upon the heeling deck. Light floods down upon them from an over-
head searchlight while all around are the freezing waters and seeming endlessness of the Arctic night.
But this is their life and their livelihood. They go to bring the harvests of the Northern seas to help
to feed their countrymen.
Deep-sea trawling has been called the toughest job in the world and nobody who has studied
the hardships of the task will quarrel with the description.
The inshore fishermen, as one would expect, operate close to shore. They work with net, line
or lobster pot and, at scattered points around our coasts, are salmon fishermen, the crabbers, the shrimp-
ers and lobster catchers; cockles, whelks, and mussels are caught in Morecambe Bay and the Wash;
sports and whitebait are netted off the coasts of Essex, Suffolk and Dorset.

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 Международная научно-техническая конференция

A variety of vessels fish the near and middle-waters, from the small motor-powered cable with
a crew of three to the 130-foot trawler with the crew of twelve. Fishing through the night only a few
miles from shore, the smaller boats return to catch the early market [5]. The large craft are usually away
from the port three or four days, fishing the more distant grounds.
Living conditions on the smaller craft are inevitably more cramped than on the deep-sea trawlers
and there as little rest for the men once at sea, for they are fully occupied in preparing nets, fishing and
stowing the catch.
Before the vessel has tied-up at the quay, two of the crew hurry ashore with the sample of the
catch, this is carefully examined by the buyers in the large shed-like building which is the local fish
market. Then the salesman opens the bidding and disposes of the catch in a matter of minutes. Some
goes to the merchants for re-sale as fresh fish, some to the kipperers, canners, curers, and quick-
freezers.
The unsold balance goes to the fish-meal factory where it is made into animal feeding stuff and its
oil is used in the edible oil industry [6].
Bibliography
1. Пенина И.П., Емельянова И.С. Английский язык для морских училищ. − М.: Высш.
шк., 2001. – 238 с.
2. Харитонов В.С. Англо-русский учебный разговорник для специалистов флотов рыбной
промышленности. − М.: Русский язык, 1988. – 236 с.
3. Бодрягина Л.И. Англо-русский морской словарь. – Петропавловск-Камчатский: Кам-
чатГТУ, 2008. – 104 с.
4. Шевелева С.А., Скворцова М.В. Деловая переписка на английском языке. 1000 фраз. –
М.: Филоматис, 2007. – 165 с.
5. Деловая переписка на английском и русском языках. – Budapest: ПАННОАРТ, 1996. –
389 с.
6. Переписка с иностранными партнерами: Учеб. пособие. − М., 1992. – 74 с.

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