A PRESENTATION ON “EXAMINATION OF

TYPEWRITER TYPED DOCUMENTS “

SUBMITTED BY:-

Ananya Hariharno
4th semester
Roll no - 21045106
 WHY AND WHEN IS FORENSIC DOCUMENT
EXAMINATION USED?
´ Since documents are part of daily life, forensic document
examiners work a wide variety of cases. Forensic document
examiners are called to investigate the authenticity of documents
in situations such as: ́ •
´ forgeries ́
´ kidnappings
´ ́ counterfeiting ́
´ extortion ́
´ identity theft ́
´ stalking ́
´ fraud ́
´ contested wills ́
´ suicides ́
´ contested contracts
Forensic document examiners are most frequently asked to resolve
questions of authorship. Is the signature on the mortgage loan
genuine? Who wrote the anonymous note? Did the deceased sign the
will? By comparing documents found at a crime scene to a suspect's
known writing samples, the forensic document examiner can help
confirm who wrote the note and include or exclude suspects from the
investigation.
 EVIDENCES THAT MAY BE EXAMINED:-

´ Questioned matter may consist of identity cards, agreements,

titles and deeds, wills, seals, stamps, bank cheques and
notes, handwritten communication, documents generated by
machined (ex: fax machines, photocopiers and computer
printers), currency and other electronic documents. In various
conditions, graffiti and digital signatures may also be
analysed; however, the examine should be responsive that
the assessment of these types of evidence can be
challenging.
 COLLECTING THE KNOWN AND UNKNOWN:-

´ In cases concerning handwriting, samples are typically

́

classified into two types: requested writing specimens and

collected writing (Admitted) specimens. Investigator
dictates a known writing material for the writer and writing
obtained are called requested specimens. These specimens
are carefully generated under controlled conditions, with
the writer being closely observed. However, writings that
were written by the suspect or victim prior to the
examination are called collected writing specimens. Good
quality basis of writing specimens may comprise items
such as cancelled cheques, letters, diaries, signed receipts,
medical records, real estate contracts, tax records or other
signed legal documents.
 TYPEWRITER:-
´ With the advancement in technology and the
boom of the computer age, typewriters have
mostly discontinued in usage o
documentation, document experts still may be
given cases to examine typewriter written
documents. Whichever assessment involving
typewriting should contain an examination of
the class characteristics of typewriters,
typestyle, horizontal spacing, and make and
model, and individual characteristics of the
typewriter and defects.
´ Typewritten documents may be mapped out back to the source
typewriter on which they were written by identifying class
characteristics of the machine (e.g., if it is manual/electric, carbon
film ribbon/ fabric ribbon, design of typing) and individual
discrepancies across machines due to wear and tear, scratch or
mishandling. The system of TYPE classification is one of the tools
in which experts may categorize the typestyle which is used in a
typing the document, which may lead to the recognition of the
make and model of the source machine. If possible, the forensic
expert should investigate the specific machines) suspected to have
been employed in making of questioned documents in order to
evaluate individual characteristics.
´ The primary step that is taken while examining any
typewritten and printed documents is to establish
the printing technology types involved in
generating and printing the particular document.
Secondly, it should be determined whether the
document which is questioned is an original or a
forged, and if there were numerous methods
involved in the printing of the document (ex: a
document which is printed that was again
photocopied and/or faxed). When these factors are
identified, the examiner may start looking for other
factors such as typography, formatting, and copy
deformation. Adobe Photoshop® or similar
software might be used to evaluate line direction
and spacing, which may be specifically useful to
identify irregularities or alterations in the text.
´ If typewritten or machine-
produced documents are in
question, every page of the
questioned document should be
vigilantly compared to all of the
other pages of the document, and,
whenever possible, compared to
samples which are collected from
the source machine.
CONCLUSION:-
´ Paper and ink are the integral part of the any document. Forgery
of documents generally involve pen and material on which it was
written. paper is commonly used material for the documents
Analysis of the paper and ink is very much essential in
determination of possible forgery, age of the document, any
crossing over of pen marks, involvement of two pens in single
documents, addition or deletion of new pages in previous
documents. Paper analysis is generally conducted to match the
paper source and differentiate between to paper material. Analysis
involves weighing, measuring thickness and evaluate paper for
internal or surface weave patterns. Surface weaves are unusual,
however, these are easily visualized with oblique lighting.