British Homreopathic Pharmacopreia

Part 1
 ,
8 PUBLISHERS' ANNOUNCEMENT.

No trouble or expense has been spared to secure this object.

The revision of the work in its second edition was en­
trusted to Dr. J. 'I'. O'Connor, of Amenia, New York, formerly
Professor of Chemistry at the New York Homreop·a tbic
College, who also saw the book through the press; and we
take this opportunity of expressing our sincere thanks and
acknowl­rnent for the prompt and faithful manner in
which b e bas performed this difficult task. PART I.

GENERAL

HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.

IN the manufacture and preservation of Homreopathic medicines,

care must be taken to avoid everything that can in the least affoct
their purity. Such influences ns light, smoke, strong ollors, etc., must
be guarded 1tgaiust. Strong-smelling substances used for homreopathic
purposes, which could contaminn.te the others, must, therefore, be kept
separate. All homreopathic remedies, tinctures as well as potencies,
should be protected from snulight.

UTENSILS.
Bottles and Glasses.-For neutral snbstnnccs ns "·ell ns for rem­
edies, only new, well-cle,wsed bottles and glas.ses should be used. They
should be of white (so-called), i. e., colorless, flint glass. For remedies
sensitive to light, vials covered with black varnish should be used.
Glass-stoppered Bottles should only be used for substnnces
which corrode cork--such as acids, iodine and bromine preparations,
etc.
NoTE.-Yellow or amber-colored bottles were introduccrl Mme ye.us ngo, it
being claimed that they afforded protection against the chemical rays of li�ht.
However, such protection is afforrled to hut few chemicals, and ns it is clnimed by
several writers that non-medicinal substances exposed for some time to yellow
li�ht acquire medicinal pro 1crtics, it follows that amher-mlorc,1 hotties nre innd­
1
m,ssible ns receptacles of ,omccop:•thi · remedies. Hesi,lcs this, it practically
pre,•cnts a proper examination of the n,ntcnl,; of the bottles.
1 (/ HOMmOl'A1'HIC PUARMAVEU'l'l{;S.
Weights.-Uulcss otherwise specified, the United States apothe­
caries' weight is understood.
Corks.-Thc corks used must be of the· best quality, and as free
from pores M possible.
Measuring Glasses.-Measuring glasses, properly graduated, are
used for measuring the liquid vehicles used i n preparin!s potencies or
attenuations, but they should never be used for measnnng any medi­
cinal substance.
Mortars.-For pulverizing very hard substances, a highly-polished
iron mortar and pestle of the same material are employed; other
metallic mortnrs must not be used. For softer substances porcelain
mortars are suitable.
Triturating Mortars.-Triturating mortars and pestles must be
made either of porcelain, the inside of the mortar and the face of the
pestle being ground or unglazed, or of wedge,yood-ware, or of agate.
Mortars made of metal are not to be used for trituro.ting. · Special
mortars must be used for each separate remedy, with· the name · of the
:-cmedy marked ou each mortar. . (59 ° or 60 ° F.) is taken as unity for the detcnn111at1on of specific gravity
Sieves.-Only hair or silk sieves can be used; the former for the
c,mrser powders i'u the preparation of tinctures, tlie latter for the finer,
in making triturntious. Sieves designed for sugo.r of milk must not be
used for other purposes.
Spatulas and Spoons.-Spatulas and spoons must be made of
!torn, boue, or porcelain.
Funnels.-Only glass or porcelain funnels may be Ulled; ,never
metallic oues.
Chopping Board.-The choppiug board must be mu�e of so.und,
'. •
well-seasoned maple, free from lrnots. . vapor, at the same time bein g violently agitated or boiling.
Chopping Knife.-The chopping knife, used for cutting up plants,
must be made of good steel, and uhmys kept well-polished.
Presses.-Presses used for plants must be well made, anq so con­
structed that they can readily be taken apart, and thoroughly.cleansed.
THE CLEANSING OF UTEN�ILS.
In making homroopathi_c preparations, the utmost c1eanliness must
be observed. Accordingly, utensils, even _when used for the first time,
must be thoroughly cleansed.
Glasses and bottles are to be washed several times-with rain water,
then rinsed with distilled water, and after draining, are to be dried at •
a high temperature.
Porcelain vessels must be scalded with boiling water, and dried at a
high temperature.
The press is taken apart, and washed first with cold, then with hot
water, and then dried thoroughly. , .
All utensils should be cleansed immediately after use.
Glm,scs nll(l bottles which have been used for a.Darti£ular tincture
or poteucy, howcYcr well cleansed, must not be use'cf'for'another prep-
aration.
II 0:\1 (EOl'ATHI:; l' lI A_H,M A c1.rnT1r::.,_ 11
-�· NEUTRAL SUBSTANCES OR VEHICLES.
AQUA DESTILLATA.
Distilled Water.-Formula H 2 0.. Molecular weight 18.
Preparation of Distilled Water.-Rain wat_er coll�cted so�e
time after the commencement of a storm, as the portion fallmg earlier
contains particles of dust a.nd v1�rious or�anic �d . inorg_a�ic matte:-3,
which had been suspended or dissolved Ill the au, 1s subjected to dis­
tillation in an npparatus expressly desigue1l for Lhat purpo�- A copper
still and block-tin· condenser arc generally used, but _1� 1s _bes� to use
a still that is gold or nickle-plated throughout, as S1hca _is d1:>9olved
out by steam from au ordinary glass retort, and porcelam lls are
objectionfl.ble for the same reason. The distilled water must t)e filled
at once into glass-stoppered bottles, that it may not become contamin­
ated by dust or spores floating iu the air. ..Water prepared and pre­
served in this manner will remain pure for years.
Properties.-Distilled water is a transparent, colorless, odorless,
tasteless liquid, whose density at the temper�tur� of �5 ° o� 15. 5 ° . C.
of liquid and solid bodies; but the. weight of 1 CU. of wat�r t�t its
maximum dcusity (given below J is called 1 gramme, and thus f�rn•s�es
the starting point of the metric system of weights. \Yater 1s at its­
maximum density at the temperature 4° C.; below that t�mpcrnture
it expands gmcl11ally Lill the frceziug point 0 ° C. (32° F._) 1s reached,
when it becomes solid, formiug ice w},ose specific grn.vity 1s .916-th�s
showing an expausion at the moment of solidification, of i'r of its
bulk. Above 4 ° C. water expands slightly for every degree of heat
added, till at 100 ° C. (212° F.) at the scii level, it is converted into
Tests of Purity.-Distilled water should have the physical char­
acteristics noted above; it should leave no residue after evaporation,
should be indifferent to test papers, and should give no precipitate
when treated with Uarium chloride, silver nitrate, ammonium oxalate,
or hydrogen sulphide. . . _ . . .
The presence of carbonic oxide will be proven by ii white prec1p1tate
whcu agitated with lime water.
ALCOHOL.
Spirit of Wine.-In commerce, there is'now ohtainable every­
where, pure alcohol, free from fuse! oil, containing 90 per cent. of
anhydrous alcohol. Hence, it is scarcely ever necessary for the i:1lrnr-
111acist to rectify the rnw spirit. In hommopathic plmrmncy especudly,
particulnr care should be exercised uot to use nlcohol which had been
used in making medicinal preparations, and which had been re­
cove·red by distillation. Should it he necessnry to rectify the rnw
spirit containing fuse! oil, the following method is offor�d: Dilute raw
spirit with distilled water uni.ii its specific �nwit.y 1s 0.86 or 0.87.
Macerate '"ith fresh b11mecl charcoal, broken in small pieces, for one
ol· two days with freriuent stirring, :rnd finally pour the liquid into a
retort and distil by the heat of fl water bath.
12 llOMffiOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS•.
. AJ_cohol entirely free from fusel oil, is to be subjected to redistilla­
t1on m un app1�ratus cspeci1dly adapted for the purpose. The product
should be r�duce_d _to 1)7 per cent. (Trullcs), or u SJ)t!cific gmvit of
.843, by uddmg d1stdled water; (95 per cent. alcohol LTru lles] m!. b
�e �uce d to 87 per ce�t._ [TrallesJ by adding to seven parts of yth!
101 mer ODE; part of d1st1lled water). This is the standard officinal
strength of so-called homwopathic alcohol.
NoTF;--Wl!�n n stro ng.cr alcohol is employed to prepare II tincture' the strength
_
( acco rd.i ng to Ira Iles) 1s ex prCS8cd.
Dilute Alcohol.-C�ns_ists of seven parts alcohol, specific gravity
0.8 3,. and three parts d istilled water, the mixture having specific
gravity 0.89.
P7operti�s--:-A�solute alcohol is a colorless, transparent, ver
mobde, volatil � l1qu1d, .;hose specific grn.vity at 15.5 °
.
c.
(60o F.) fs
�.7938: I_t bo_1Is at ?8.4_' C. (17?° F.), but the temperature of the boil-
1�g �omt 1S lugher, if diluted wi th water, according to the degree of
<lilut10n.
It mixes iu nil proportions with distilled wat_er and remains clear.
Its_ odor a�d taste are purely alco_holic, ,�arm, fragrant and agreeable.
It is very mflnmmable, burnmg with a fnmt, bluish flame and without
smoke. Its so_lveut po_wer �xt_ends over a_ wide raµge.
Test�.-Dtluted_ with d1st11Jed water Ill equal proportions, alcohol
should y ield no fore i gn odor, nor, when a few dr ops are rubbed between
t_he hands, should . any foreign odor be perceptible. Treated with a
few c(rnps of solut10� of silver nitrnte and exposed to bright light it
remams unchanged if pure. ·
A<l_d sl�wly to the alcohol its own weight of pure concentrated sul­
phur1c acid. �f the alcob_ol is pure, it remains colorleas; if fuse! oil is
_
p resent,_ a re?d1sh color will be developed, from the formation of amyl­
sulphuric acid.
SACCHARUM LACTIS.
Formula, c l 2 H 22 0 11 , H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 360.
Common Name, Sugar of Milk.
Synonypi, Lnctose.
Sugar of Milk.-This sugar is one of the constituents of milk. In
the vegetable kingdom it is very rarely fo un d.
Pure l�ctos� is in odorless, white, har d, four-sided rhombic prisms.
Its taste 1s famtly sweet, and between the teeth it gives a sandy or
"_gritty" feelin&. I� is soluble in two and one-half parts of boiling
�1 ater, bu � requires s i x parts of water at o rdinary temperatures. It is
msoluble m alcohol, or even a 60 per cent. alcohol, in ether and chlo­
roform.
Its wato!'Y solution does not form a syrup.
. By heatmg to 1_59 C_. (302 F.) it gives up its water of crystnlliza­
° °
� 1on. B,v long bodmg m a weak watery solution it becomes changed
rnto gnlactose.. The same transformation is effected more rapidly by
HOMffiOPATHIC PllAJUl4CfUTICS. 13
lli�estion with dilute mineral acids or with strong solutions of or� anic
acids. Gnlactose, under the influence of beer ,vcnst undergoes vmous
fermentation.
Preparation.-Tho general outlines of the method a rc as follows:
Fresh milk is allowed to stand till its cream rises-then skimmed, and ·'
treated with rennet to cimgulato the casein. The latter is removed
and the residue is a solution of milk sugnr and the snlts of milk, but fri
uot wholly free from casci_n and bu�ter-fot: Upon cvnporntion of this
liquid, called whey, the n11lk sugar 1s obt:uncd III cry� tals as above de­
scribed. It is a constant by-product in the manufacture of cheese.
The crystals so obtained nre redissolved in water, trente<l with animal
charcoal and recrystallize d after filtration.
It is extremely difficult t<J free milk sugar from slight amounts of
foreign substances by repeated crystallization from watery solution, for
the water does not surrender all of the sugar.
To overcome the difficulty, Stapf' devised the following method: Dis­
solve a pound of the finest milk sugar in four pounds of boiling dis­
tilled water; filter the solution while yet warm, through the finest
Swedish filter pa.per, and thoroughly mix the filtmte in a glass.or PO!'•
celain dish, with four pounds of pur e absolute alcohol. The vessel 1s
then to be covered tightly and sot aside iu a cool place so that the
sugar may crystallize out.
At the end of throe or four cla.ys there will be found on the bottom
allll sides of the vessel a crust about one-sixth of nn inch in thickness,
crystalline aud glistening, whose wei�ht will be found to very nearly
equal that of the milk _sugar dissolvect in the beginning of _ the rro�ess.
The crystalline mass 1s then to be collected, washed with dist1llccl.
water, to \\'hich has been added some alcohol, dried between folds of
bibulous paper and preserved for U8e.
Character and Tests.-Milk sugar must be entirely free from
fat or the other constituents of milk, which freedom will be shown hy
its perfect whiteness; it should not be hygroscopic, nor should it have
an,v mucid, musty, sour, or.other foreign smell or � te. . .
Milk SLl"nr may be adulterated with cane sugar; 111 this case the 111-
crcnsed s1�eet11cs.; ns well ns the more ready solubility in water will
servo to detect the falsification. If alum be present, n white precipi­
tate will be thrown clown on adding to the solution of milk sugar nn
alkaline hy<lrn.te not in excess.
If copper. from copper vessels in the preparation of the sugar, be
present, a reddish-brown precipitate will occur on the addition of po­
tassium ferro-cyanide solution. Chloride of sodium, or phosphates,
will be detected by silver nitrate solution,. 1�itric acid di�olvi�1g tl_ie
phosphate of silver formed but not the chloride. Sulphuric acid will
be detected by barium nitrate or chloride.
If a solution of milk sugar redden blue litmus paper, the fact is due
to free acid, and shows, in all probability, that the sugar was prepared
from milk that had become sour.
 14 HO!l!CEOPATHIC PHAR!l!AVEUTICS. HOMffiOP.A.THIC PII.A.R¥ACEUTICS. 15
GLOBULES OR PELLETS and. )>un� o� drugs, metals, minerals, chemicals, etc., must be tcst.cd
according to ·the stated rules, before being employed for any homcoo­
Globules arc prepared from pure cane sugar. They patbio purposes.
of uniform size for each number M girnn below, perfe must be white,
too har d, and entirely soluble in �istilled water.. ctly !?lobular, not
they arc somewhat soft, but becon:ic harder" by age.Whe n freshly made �RELIM_INARY MANIPULATIONS.

. ...• ·-·-·'•·
Addition of flour , Fresh Plants and Parts of Plants.-The fresh plant, or part
15l ucose, gl ycerine, or starch, to make them soft,. or to keep them so,
1s an adultcrntion. They are assorted according' to ·
size and designated . of it, is re-examined ns to it.c, undoubted identity, then carefully freed
by numbers from 8 to 80. . " from any impurities that might have accidentally escaped notice in
.... gathering it. Only those par ts nrc taken for use which arc specified

..
810 JG 20 25 SO ◄O GO 60 70 80
under the <respective remedy. The operation must be carried on as
quickly and uninterruptedly as possible in the following'i'hanner: The
plant should be cut up with a well polished steel knife, free from rust,
on 'a· well cleansed chopping board; then divided as finely as po51!ible
Measure of Globules.-The number given to any \

is deter mined by laying ten of equal size in a.line and size of globules with an equally well cleansed chopping knife. The finely divided
with each other ; the space so occupied, iven in millim in close contact mnss is then to be treated in the manner more minutel y described un­
her by which that particular size is desi�gnated. etres, is th'e num-' der Class I or II or III, accor ding to which the tincture is to be pre­
l>ared. Fresh fruits and seeds, if they can be cut up, are treated as
above; if not, they nrc simply cr ushed in n mortar.
THE P�OCURING OF MEDICINAL'SUB
STANCES. Dried Plants and their Parts.-For the preparation of tinc­
Fresh Plants.-As to the time when the fresh tures, they ar e pulverized coarsely; for the pr epar ation of triturntions,
gathered, the directions to be followed are, 'with few plant is to be as finely as•p0ssiblc. · ....
under the remedy. If'such directions are wanting,-it excep tions, given Metals, Minerals and Chemical Preparations.-The, rule
that the plants have been collected by the pr_over at, is-to be nssun1cd for this·clas.c, is to r educe the crude substance to :t state so fitiel;r, di­
which their medicinal vir tue is greatest, ·e. g., narcotic the season jn ,. vided, that, if it is to be triturntcd, such cun be <lone uniformly. 'rhis
bloom, others shor tly befor e, or when coming intb blooin.plants wl1ilc iu we accomplish with a pnrt of these substances by pounding, but with
Only such plants should be coll ected as are' healthy, ·stron most•��tals by precipitation.
oped, faultless, and free from dust and enterpilla.r's nests, gly devel­ NOTE.-Hahncmann employed metallic foil or filings, or comminnled the
growing wild in a locality known to be most- fa'vorable to und when metals on o. wheL-sLonc. Later microscopic examinations have shown,•however,
the
ment. Cultivated flowers are employed only.fa cases their develop­ tbo._t this method of sulxlividing is very 1mperf'ci:l, and renders Lhc purily of it,
where the prover meto.l"verydonblful, purlicles of lhe iron or whet,.slone becoming mingled witli
has expressly prescribed their use. Plnnti ·should shown
lrhe uruform i:lisLribution of the cntde ;111L-<:tance, on lhec olher hand, has been For
be·grtthered when es.
the weather hns previously been sunny and •dry, and airer to.Jrnve been nccomplishcd only in lril11rallo,:s preµ:ird from precipilal
dew has disappeared from them. The collected the morning­ .
this reason we employ predpilnles, since we consider this depar t11re tm:ii !!A":"· /j Wid
-
pncked too closely in canying,. and should bespeci mens must not be mann's r11les lo be in no wise subversive of Jlonttl'opuLhy. ?>foreo,·er, the tritura; l,
tions prepared from precipitates ha,·c been used fot· re-provings, and it is onJy by · (
manipulnti<rn, that they may yield their Tun strengquick ly subjected to
th unchanged. '"
<ho·""' of pre,; i "'< � <I'", ro" oh"';" prep,rn< ;,., of "'°'"'"' ""; Co.mi<y. • J
Fresh Portions of Plants.-The same princ
coll ection of fresh por tions of plants. ' iples apply to the
FrrnITs 1111(1 1-;EEDS ought to be collected in-their fully . PREPARATION OF POTENCIES OR
(unless the umipc is prescribed). · ripe condition ATTENUATIONS'.
·
·woons nrc collected before the beginning of spring '- · '.l'wo scales a e emp oyed in poteutizing, viz., the centesirnal nod
are developed. , ere the buds r l
decimal.
rlERns should be cut above the root-leaves. ' The Centesimal Scale.-This scale was introduced by Hahne­
BARKS arc col·lccted from resinous trees and shrubs at the mann, nod is still r etained iu making the higher potencies, while the
before the development of the l eaves: from t.he non-resinous time of, or lo,ver potencie.. arc now mor e generally made on the decimal seal� •
Roon1 m·c dug, unless specially directed 'other , in autumn.
The centesimal scnle is based on the principle thnt the fir st potency
annual plnnts, before the ripening of the seed; wise, llS follows: Of
must contain the Th· part of the clrug power, nnd each following po­
spri ng of the second year ; of perennials, in autumn.of biennials, in th� tency the 1:¼ ir part of the one preceding it. However, as tinctures and
Twras :ue to he used only when of the present year's ,
growth. solutious are prepn rcd by dilforent rn l es, the drug power varie s, and
Drµgs, Metals, Minerals, Chemicals, Etc.-The hence the quantity of the mother-tincture or solution and of the neutral
genuineness .,.._ •
 J4 JIO�I< EOI'ATJI IC !'II A ltM ACE
U'l'H '!'i. l lO�[illOl'ATillC PI lARMACEU'l'IC:S. 15
GLOBULES OR PELLETS nnd purity of tlrngs, metals, mincrnls, 1·hc111i.cah1, clc·., mu�t ho lcstcd
(;foh11l<'s arr prrparrd from p nceordi ng to the stated rnlcs, before hciug employed for any hommo­
1 1rc eanc sugar. They must hr whitr,
of 1 1 11i forn1 size for <•a<:11 m1111bcr pathic purposes.
as
to,> hard, : 1 11d <·nlirely soluble iu gi,·c,1 below, perfectly glob11lar, not
dist
thry arc ;;0111e1rhat soil, h11t bcco11_ illed water. ,vhcn freshly 111ndc PRELIMINARY MANIPULATIONS.

········--·
1c harder by age. Addition of
gl11cn�r, gly<'eri ue, 01· starch, flo11r,
to make them soft, or to kee
p lhc111 !'o, Fresh Plants and Parts of Plants.-Thc fresh plaut, or part
is a11 nd11llcratio11. Tl1cy arc nsso
by 11u111bcrs from 8 to 80. rtcd acc ordiug to 'size and dcsignntcd of it, is rc-cxa111inecl :,� lo ils 1111douhtcd idrntity, then caref'ully freed
from nny impurities tlra.t might have nccident.ally escaped notic-o in
gathering it. Only tho"c parts arc taken for usc ll'hich arc f'pccified
under the respective remcd_v. The nperntio11 must he canicd on as
<Jllickly and u11intcrnrptodly as pn,sihl<: in the folloll'ing t'tta1111er: The
810 15 20 2., !10 10 r
00 60 70 SO plunt should be cut, up with a well polished steel k11ilc, f' cc from rust,
Measure of Globules.-The num on a ll'CII cleansed chopping hoard; the11 di,·idod as finely as possible
ber given to any size of g-loh
is cletern1i11cd by la_ri 11g t<•n of C<Ju ules with an equally well clea11scd choppiug knilc. The finely diYided
al
with cnch other; the �pac<• so occupi size in a line and in close conlart mnss is then to he treated in the manner more 111inutcl\' described un­
ccl, givcD in millimetres, is
bcr hy whi ('h that parti cular size the n,1111- der Clnss I or II or 111, accordi ng t.o whi ch the ti11ctui·c is to be pre­
is d csiguated.
!)nrcd. Fresh frui ts and scccl,;, if' they c:111 be cut up, arc treated as
THE PROCURING OF ME above; ii' not, t.hcy arc simply rrnshl'rl itt rl mortar.
DICINAL SUBSTANC
ES. Dried Plants and their Parts.-For the prcparation of tinc­
Fresh Plants.-As lo the ti111
e whcu the fr esh plaut is tures, they arc pulverized coarsely; for the prcparatiou of triturnt.ions,
gathcrt'd, lht' directions to he follo to 1,c as finely ns possible•.
ll'ed are, with few exceptions,
1111drr th<• n•111rd_r. I(' �,l('h dirc
etions arc wunting, it is to be 11�81gi1·c•11 Metals, Minerals and Chemical Preparations.-The rule
that th<• p l ant,- hal'c h<'<'ll c11ll
cct<•d by the provcr at the !'t•a�
111,Pd for this class is to reduce the crude suhsL:111cc to a ;;talc so tincly di­
which tlH•ir 111<•diei11:d ,·irtuc is
g-rca
1111 i11 vided, t.l,nt, if it. is to he• tri t11rntccl, Sll<'h e1111 he do11c uniforndv. This
0!00111, olhrrs ,d1ortl_y hPfore, or whe tcst, e. g., narcotic plauts whil<• in we accomplish with a part of t.hc•s<• suh;;larrc(�5 hy potmcli11g, hut with
11 coming into bloom.
Only s11d, p l ant;; sl10111ld be coll most mctnls by precipitati on.
ected ns are hcnlthy, strongly
opcd, f:wlt h•�s, and frrc f'ro111 d<'vnl­ NoT1-:.-Hahne111:ann employed rnetallir f11il or filin�s, or comminntcd the
dus
growing wild i n a lo( :ilit_r knoll'n t mu) caterpillar's nest.c;, and when metals 011 a whet-stone. L:alc1· 111icros,·opic cxa111i11:ali1111s have shnwn, however,
' to ho most favornble to their
lllenl. Cnltirnted flow <•r,; arc employed only iu cases dcvclop­ that this method of snl,.Jh·iding is \'cry i111perl'ed, and renders the p11ri1y of the
hm, cxpn':,sl_r prc.•crihcd thei r use. where the pru,·t·r 111clal ,·ery donhtfnl, par(i,-li,s of the iron or whet-stone li<'l'fl111in� mini::led with it.
the 1rcallu•r has prrvi onsly heen Pln nts should be gathered when 'l'he 1111ili1rrn distril111ti1111 of lhe crndc snl •l:11we, 1111 the111hcr h:11111, has hccn Hhown
sunny and dry, nnd nfter the mor In llll\"C hccn a(-co111plisht•d only in trilnratio,:s j,1cp:1rrd fro111 JH"<'t•ipitalc:<. For
d<•11· has clisappearccl fr-0111 thcn
1. The collected specimens mus ni11g-­ this n'a!-:011 we ernploy prct·i pitate�, f'inec we ,·onsidcr thi� <lcparlllf<: .t:rt.\'11 !!�":..� . "'1
p:l<'kccl 1110 <'losely in ea rryi11g, t 11ot
and should be quickly subject he 111:,1111'" rul('s lo lw in llfl wise snh\'Cl>;i,·c 111' 1 lnnuropathy. l\lnrr111·('r, lhe lri111rn-
ma11ip 11lati1111, that. they 111a_v yiel. ed to lions prepared l'i-11111 pr<'c·ipilalcs hal'C licrn nscd for ,·,•-pro,·ings, and ii is only by
d their full strength unchaugccl the nsc of prccipilatcs that we can oulain preparation" of constant nnil"ormity.
Fresh Portions of Plants. .
-T he same principles apply to
collc<'ti o11 of f'rc;;h portions of pl:11 the
1 ts. ·
F1:u1Ts :111,J �i-:1-:1,,1 ought to he PREPARATION OF POTENCIES OR
collected iu their fully ripe cond
(1111l<'ss I he unripe i,, pr<•sni hrd ition ATTENUATIONS.
).
"'001>.-< arr eollcded h<•fore the
are dc\'C•lop,•d. h<'g i1111i ng of spring, ere the h11ds Two scales arc 1•111ploycd i n pnlrntizing, vi z., the ce11lc.�i111a/ aml the
R1,i:11s should he cut,
clccimrd.
aho,·e the root
R,uu:s 111·<• cnll<•cl<'d fi-0111 n-,:i 11011 -lenYcs. The Centesimal Scale.-Thi � �enle 11·11ia; i11trod1wrd hy lluhne­
s trees and sh l'llbs at the time of; mnnn, and is still n•tnined in 111aki ni:r the hi µ:hcr potcm•ir�, irhile the
h<'fi>1·c tlw du,·(•lop n "•nt of' the l<':tv or
<•s: f'ro111 the 11011-r<.'Sinous, in nulu l011:cr potcncit·-� arc 1w1r more generally m:ulc on the rleci11rnl scnle.
l{onTs :11·p dug. 1111lei<.� ,;prri nll_r d 111n.
i rected ·otherwise. rrs follo The centc.<;i111:tl �n1lc is hasrrl 011 tire pii11riplc that the fir;;t potency
:1111111:tl p l:1111�. lwfi,n• lh<' ripr-11i11g ll'R: Of
�p ring of' I hi• S<•<·ond .,·<·ar; of' pl'rr of' the �ced; of hie1111ials, in llw must eontain tit<• 1 ), 15 p:t rt of' tht• drng pn1n•r, :tncl <':tch folloll'i11g po­
1111i11 J ,; , in nut1rn111. tency the rih· part 111' tlr<> 1111e pn•<·Pdi111-!: it. I lm1·c1·c•r, m; ti11et11rcs and
T1r1<:s a,·e to hC' u�ccl 011l_r when
of' thc prrsenl yrar's i:rrowth. solutions arc prcp:irrcl h_,· dilll•r<•nl rnlc�, the clrnl--( power rnrics, and
Drugs, Metals, Minerals, Che
111icals, Etc.-Thc g<•1111inc1u•�;, hence the qunntity 11f' the 111otlrcr-ti11cture or !:'olulio11 and of t.hc neutral
 16 HOM<E0PATHIC PIIARMA
CJ,;UTICS.

vehicle 11111st he> !"o J l l'OJ 10rtio11c>d

t lrnt tire first potency rcprcsc11ts
r!o· part ol' tlr 1 • dr11/.! poll't'r. 111 Jll <'Jl aring- the the Il0;\ICE0l'A 1'11 H.: PI I A IOI AC'EUTIGS. 17
potc11<'ic.�, to u11c 111i11i111 or p:rrt ' scco11d, nnd follo ll'in
lry weight of ' tire receding pole g
11i11cty-ninc mini111s o r J l:rrts by ll p 11cy,
't•ight, of tire 11c11 trnl ·vehicle arc added. NOTJ,.-V,'c are expli,·iL in tlireclini;: t.l,e proper proportion of the Bubstnnl'c
L'hc r1•spccti vc "t·la��cs" ll'lri<'lr prcs being fin;L puL into the ,·ial, arnl the ,·chicle :afterwards, because this is a rule which
the dilfor<'llt pn te11cic>s /,!in• the 11cc·c crihc> the rclati,·c propo1-tio11s for all careful pharmacists shoul<I follow, lo prevent the possibility of mistnkcs.
s.•:rry i 11 forrn atiou.
The Decimal Scale.-1)11r
i11g Jlalr11c111anu's lifetime a11o
111cthod, t Ire dcl'i 111:d �1·:tl<•, i11trod11 tlrc TRITURATIONS.
faund 111:rny adl1Prenf,; 11111011g ho ('ed by Dr. Cuuslanti 11c 1lcri11g.r
111Ceop11tl,ic physicinus. Potentiation of Dry Suhstances.-Dry f-11hi-tnnccs, i. e., those
rcnll·di<•:; :te<•nrdi11.� lo thi,; ><l':lll', J 11 prcpari 11g
it is tire rule tli ut tl,e first p ot,•11< whose mcdicinn.1 f'O\\'('I', :tccordin� Lo homccopnthie principles, must
should contain the i'rr of' the dru
g power, while the followi 11 g polc ·y lirst be developed by trituration \\'ii I, sugnr of milk, ought to be
arc prepared ll'ith one '111i11i111 nci,·:<
or part, by weight, of the prce manipulntccl in :L ll'ar111 a11d dry a tn1osphcrc. Before bcgi1111ing the
poten<'y to 11ine 1ni11i1w; or part l'di11g
s, by weight, of the ueutral veh work we must. ,ntis(v ourselves thnt the npp:1rnt11s to be used is pcr­
( Corn pare the cla!<scs.) icle.
foctly clcnn. i\forl11r>1 should he wnshcd fir1't with cold wnter, then
with hot water, and enrcfully wiped dry, nnd lastly, a small qunutity
ATTENUATIONS. of alcohol is to be hurnc•d in the mortnr. This 111ust be clone for every
Potentiation of Liquid subsequent. triturnti1 111 .
Substances.-Potentintion TRI'l'URATIO:-s o:- TI! r,; CE:-Tr•:srn,u, ScA LE.-1 fahncrnnnn so lucidly
enrricd on in :1 11 :qiart111<•11t free must he
fr11111 all odors, dust
TI,p vials u�cd li11· this purp,ise nud direct sunlight. gives the ledrnicnl ,lirrc·lion, to hr oh,ervcd in trituraling, in his Chronic
should hc> �nth that. the qnn 111 ust be round, nnd
their capncit_y DiseasclJ, Vol. 1, p. 18:�. that we give here a cnrc>f'ul trnnslntin n : "First
ntity of' prcpnrntion to be add one grain of thr 1'tth1-tancc to nho11t one-third of ninety-nine grains
thPrein ><hall only tll'n-thinls succusscrl
fill thc111. The name of the· of sugnr of' milk in rt por('c•lai11 mortn r, uuglnzrd or ground to nn 111 1-
the• n11111hcr ol' tl,p p 1 1trncy remedy with
is ma rked both on the cork polishcd surface hy r11hhing with 11'<'1. 1,mul; mix t,l,c medicine nncl the
\' ial, U><ing the "i111plc 11u1n nnd on the
end for the potencies on the
"Clctle. :11111 afHxin� an x to ccntcsimal sugar of milk together for a moment ll'ith a porcclnin spatula, then
the n111nc ral for potencies on
sc:tlc. the decirunl after triturnti11g the 111ixt11n• vigorously for Rix minutes, scrnpc the
PoTENTl,ITJON o.-- T111,: C 1,:N·1·r triturntion together for four 111i1111trH from the hott.0111 of' the mortar
1·ial inlcndccl for the fir�t pot -:s1Mi11. 8c;,u,K-Jnto the duly marked and from the faC'c of the (nlso unglazed) porcclnin pestle, in orclcr
ency, the proper proportion
tincture or sol11ti11n i!< poured of mot that the triturntion may he uniformly mixed, and ngain triturntc the
nud the vehicle added-us men her­
under the elm;� ac('urclin.� to
which the tiucture has been tioned scraped-up mas!" (without forthcr ntldition of' f'ugnr of milk) 11 second
pp. 11-18),-then the vial is
carefully corked and shaken p ared (sc�
rep Lime for six minutes ll'ith the ,:nmc force. To this powder, n�rnin
ful downward strokes of the by ten power­ scrnpC'cl up for fou r mi1111lrs, in which thc> fir!'! third of niucty-ninc
arm.
..!I\P. .:ieeond r1.1�':ilr_j is lnade hy nudi grains has bcrn u�ecl, we ndd now the sceond third, 111ixiug both
tency ninety-nine minims of the vehi ng to one minim of the first po­ together with n. spntuln for :t moment, nncl ngni 11 triturnting for l'ix
ns clirrctc,1 aho,·1•. ,\ II s11h.•<''111cnt cle, the vial bei.n� shaken again minutes with the ,nn1c force, 1111d thc11 again scraping up the i riturntion
potenries nrc mnclc m like manner;-
i. e., h_y addi11!! ln 011p part of the · for four minutr�. triturnlc vigon 1usly six rninttlt'S ll sceond time, n11cl
preeccling potency 11incty-ni11c ha.vin� ,erapecl this 111:rss togctl1cr for four minute�, inf'orporntc the
minim!< of the 1"<•hicl1•, a 11d givi11g
the mixture ten succussivc strok
Jn I hi� 111:1:in,,r p11t1•11 < i<'s 111 11 .v he ,·n es. thircl portion ol' �ugnr of milk hy stirring\\ it!, the spatula so thnt the
rricd up to the 011c th n
or hi.�h<·r; a:t:•1111alio11 s a'hov" ,Ilic usnudth whole mixture a lter f-ix mi1111Lcs vigorous lriturntion and four minutes
thirtieth arc termed Hi h Potenciu
Po-rr-::-TI.\TlilX o:,., TIIE D1-:i-Drn1, _q . scraping togc>thcr ma_r for the la!'!. time he triL11rntcd six n1inutes·n11d
,·i:d i11tPnd1·d li,r llu• fir><t ,b·imnl Rc,,r.r-:.-Into the clul): rnur.ketf then scraped togctlH•r c·nrPl'ully." This is tl1r fi1'1't (1) tril11rntio11. To
potcn<·y the proper proporj.ion of
mothcr-ti11<:tun• ur �nlution is p,,ur prepare the Rcc·mHl I'.!) trit11rati,m. one grain of' the first trituration is
ed nnd the vehicle ndded
tioned 11 11dcr the cl:i"s according to �s men­ ncldcd to the 011c >-third p art of ni1u·ty-11i1w grni11s of' !'11g11r of' milk
which the tincture or_ eolut1on hna
licrn preparc<l (S<'C pngc 19-25)-
tl,e vial mixed in a. mortnr ll'ith the ,:p atuln, a11d so treated that e ach third i!' ill'icc
r·,mtc11ts sl1akc11 ll'itl, tc11 viism·ous down is then well QO'rked, and the well tril,urntccl for six minute!", and �napccl to1,rethcr for four minutes,
folloll'i11g pote11ciP:-1 are 111:idc in the ward stroke6 of tl1 e arm. All , and then put i11 to n w<·ll-st opperc>d hol.Llc. Jn I.he fm111e \ \ f' l)' one grnin
same mnnne1:, except thnt for eh
new pot('llcy. one nti11i111 or part of of' the sceoncl (2) Lritmn.tiun is trentcd in preparing the third (:J). 'l'h<'
the prccedmg pote�cy nnd � urnc ,
minims or part,; of' the ,·chicle nre triturntion 11111�t he done encrgrtic ally, hut 11ot so much so that the
measured into the vrnl, nud then
shaken as directed alH 1 ,· 1 •. sugar of milk shall clc a \'C Ro strongly to the hutto111 of the mortar thnt
it cannot in four minutes he scrnpccl together. To mnkc nn_r higher
triturntion, one grain o f the prcccdin_g triturntion to that, clcl'irNl is
triturntecl with 11inc,ty-ninc grains 11f' sng:n of' 111ilk mi directed aho,·c.
('o-s:\'lrnsro:- (lf' TIii-: T11rn11 ('1•:i"'TE.C:l�IAJ. (�) Tr:ITUHATION IJ\'TO
 I-IOMCEOPATI-IJC I'll A �::11 A<.:J•:vncs. 1D
MEDICATED GLOBULES.
Medication of Globules.-Moi strn t.he gloh ulcs ll'ith the rc,1uisito
potc1wy, i11 a IJottll' lll'o-f.h i rds tilled, cork the huttlc, aud shake it so
that. all the glnh1iles shall become unifornil y moistcucd. Thc11 i11 vcrt
tl1e botflc•, st:111di11g it on the crn·k, a11d let it rclll:ti 11 i11 that. posi ti on
from 11 i11c to·tcn hour:::. The11 l<HJ�<'n the cork a J i ttl!', and let the
liq uid lh:1 L m:iy h:11·L• l'ollt•dt•d ll'ilhin the ll<'l'k of lhc holtlc d rn in out .
Jn :l fi·1r days thl· pellefs ll'ill be c11 1 ircly dry, :111d ready fm· di�pr11si11 g.
It is 11 0L p roper In dispcusc 111cdicatcd globules until !hey l t nrn IJccon,o
perfoetly dry.
Pote11l'ic•s prepared ll'ith dilute alcohol cannot be u�cd for medicat­
ing gloh11ll'�, a,- the• glohu]ps become di�i11 tcgrntr1l hy the "oln•11 L prrncr
of the \\'alc•r to11 l:1i11l'd in the dilufc alcohol.
l\lcdi('alcd pc>lleti;, like all other hon1 ccopnlhic rnPdieincs, reriuirc to
be kep i ll'ell c·nrked, and protc>cted from heat and sunlight. Carefully
kept th<'y retain Iheir Yi rtuo llln11y years.
i'ion:.-l lahncni:11111 gi,·es another 111etho<.I in his Cl11·011;c Diseases, \' o l. 1, page
.
187: "The glol,ules :ire poured into a clean por!'cl:iin howl, mlhc!' deep than
l,roarl, and eno111-d1 of" t lir l'C<p1ired pntc-n<•.r rlroppcd upon them to 111oistcn <·0111-
plctcly CYcry g-lol,nJt, in Lhe space of" one 1ninntc. The <·ontenls of the bowl al'C
then c111pticcl nn a picl"e of dean, clry filtcl'ing paper, so thaL any ex<·c:s.s nf liqni,l
n,ay he ;il,,:nd,cd, and the g-lohnles spread onL thaL lhcy may so011 dry. The dry
glo bnlc,: :ire then p1111rcd into a 1·ial dnly marked with the n:1mc and po tency, and
securely ,·orkcd."'
PROPORTIONS OF MEASURE AND WEIGHT IN
THE PREPARATION OF TINCTURES,
SOLUTIONS, POTENCIES AND
TRITURATIONS.
The proportion of mrasure and ll'cight, employed in the prrparation
of ti u<"l.urc,:, �olu tion,-, pofcnei cs :md lrit.11ration,:, arc for the ,:ako of
more c-onyc•ni ent n·fen•n<·c, arr:rnged iu nine classes, to wJ 1ich atlcution
is called under <'al'h mrdi cine.
CLASS I.
TINCTURES.
Tinctures prepared ll'ith equal parts by weight of juice and alcohol.
The f'1 1ndanrpnfnl rule for this class is contained i11 lJ:il111cman '
11 s
Jllal. 1lfecl. Pura, under Bcllndo11nn.
The fh•shly-gnt IH'rcd plant, or part thereof; cltoppccl nnd pounde
d to
n pulp, is cnclo,:rd i 11 n pi ece of' new linen and f!nhj<'ctccl to pressur
e.
The <'XJ l l'C'R•Pd _jni<"c i,: tltcn, h_,· hri �k ngi talio11, m ingled with an
C<Jlllll
part h_ weight of nlrolrol. This mi xture is allowed to
y alcohol, nnd each shaken ten ti111c;;.
stand eight
days i n a 1rcll-stoppered hotl.l<', in :l dark cool pince, aml is
then filtered,
Amount of' drug power of tincture, L
18 HO�llEOPATJ-1 IC l'!lAlUIACIWTILS.
L1iiu1n PoTEN"CfE.<;.-Thc substa11ecs triturnlcd according to the ccn­
tesinr:d sc:tle to tlw thi rd (:1), arc hron�ht hy t.lris couti1111 011,; prncess
to su ch 11 degree of" al 1!'11 11:ll ion tlmt they dissolve iu ur co111lii1 1e ll'iLh a
liquid vehicle, such as alcohol or water, !111(1 can thus be carried to a
still hiqher degree of suhdivi sion. This method of conversion, I-Iahne-
111a1111 d<•scrihcs as folloll's:
"Jn order to convert the pnl<'t1L tri turation i nto the liquid state, and
still fort.her dcn:lop i ts power, 11·c avail 0111·sph•es of the cxperienl'C,
hi therto 1111 k1w1rn _t.o chc111 istry, th:Lt all medicinal substances triturntcd
to thc: third 0), !ll'lJ sol11hlc in 11':tlcr mid alcohol. Fifty minims of
di�tillcd 11':ttcr arc added ll'i th the 1ncas11ring glass to one grain of the
third (:{) triLlll'al i on, and this hy agitation is readily diK,nlved; theu
fif"ly 111i11 i111,; of" :il,·ohol are add<)d, and lho !ilnpperc·d v ial, only two­
third,; fill1·d ll'ith the rnixtlll'C, is !<h:1kc11 ten ti11 1 c;;; thi s i s tlw-fourth (-()
potency. Of this, 01H: 111i 11i111 is added tu ninety-11i11e nrininis of alcohol,
:111,l the ll'ell corked 1·i:tl shrr ken ten times; this i,, t.ho filth (5) potency.
The following potcuc:it•s arc each prepared 1rith 0110 mini111 of the prc­
c,•,lin� potency to ni11rty-ni . 11c minims of alcohol, and each shaken ten
tinH•s."
T1tn·u1iA't.'CON:i o:s- Tit,,: D1-:urM,\ L ScALE.-For the triturations to he
prepared according lo Lire dccinml scale, we follow the same 111et hod in
trit11 rafi11g as is gi\·t•n under the cP11tosi1nal se:tlo, except that first ton
parts hy weight of' Lire nude s11hst:1 11ce arc triturntcrl with thirty grai11s
of' su gar of milk for t,wi c:n si x 111i1111l.<·s, and c•ac:h time sernpcd together
for fo ur 111 inutc·s. \Ve tlH·ll add thi1ty grai11s more of sugar of milk,
tritu rntc again tll'i ec six n1 i 11ul.<·s :uul each time scrape together for
four nrinutcs, finnlly adding thirty grains 111orc of sugar of milk,
and trif11rating tire 111ixturc i 11 the same manner. This is the first
dL•ci 111:il (Ix) tri t11ratio11. 'J'pn parts hy ll'eight of this preparatio11,
triturntcd with three t.imt•s thirty pa1·ts hy \\'eight, of sugar of' milk i n
prcci�cly the same 111:u111er, gi vc:; t,hc second deci mal (2x) triturntion.
Of this, 1011 p:trts by weight with three times thirty parts by ll'cight ol'
sugar of' 111ilk gives I.he third dc.cirna.l <3x), and i n this way, the trit11r­
atio11 c•ach ti me of ten parts hy ll"<'ight of' the preceding triturntion,
ll'ith ninety pnrL'l hy weight of' sugar of milk is conti1 1ued for any
higher l,riturati11n desired 1111 the d1·einml SC':tlt•.
Uo:s-n,:w;ro:s- 01-' •r111-: oD:Trr J)i-:<'IMAL ((h:) TmTUHATfON INTO
L1Q1111i l'oT1-::s-c11•:�.-\Ve di�s11lve one gr:1i11 of tire 6x triL11rntion in
f-it'Ly mi11i111:; of distilled water i n :L 1·ial, :1ddi11g thereto lifl.y lllinims of
alc,>hol, aud shaking lhc Yial tc11 ti111 C's; this is the Sx potency. (The
7x, n.ec,1rd i11g to the rnlc go1·crning this sc:v,. ca111 1ot he prepared in
the proportion of one lo nine.) O 11e drop c1f the Sx potency with nine
minims of' dilute nle11hol, shaken leu Limes, givPs the Hx potency. One
minirn of' the 9x potency ll'i th nine mi nims of alcohol, a.nd shnken ten
tim<'.s gives the lOx potency. All following potencies arc each prc­
p:1.rcd with one minim of the prccediug potency to nine minims of
N<rn:.-llahne111:rn11 directs cfrn71s o f drng :111.J ,·chi<·lc to l,c nHetl, l111L :is there
is 110 1111ifnr111ity in till· n1cas11re of" :td1·1•p of" thcdillcrP11L liq11ids, we h:tl'e :uloptc,l
the more (•X:H'l 111cas111·,· of 111ini,11.�.
 UlACEUTl
CS. UO.\IIBOJ'A'l'II IC l'JIAJDI ACEUTICS. 21
A'l' JI IC rnAl
n oMUsOI'
ON- b. Decimal Scale.
ATI
l'OT�NTI
2 minims of tincture aud 8 tuini111s of dilute alcohol give the 1x po­
al Swle.
<t. Ccntc.sim okohol gi,e
the l sl tency.
>S of d ih• « 1 minim of the lx potency n11d U minims of dilute nlcohol gi,·c lire
ml !18 "' inin " the 2,1
2 mi ni " " .,r tinetn'" ,
, ni o i m s of alcoh ol gi
2x potency.
1 1nini111 of the 2x potc•11<·y and !J 1ui 11ims oi'-nlcohol give the :�x
!l!l
1tcnl:y. tcn,·y ",ol of the p<O potency.
" ' o f the I st 1m one roioi m
1 m ini
'" "' " '
''"' ,,.,. \''° of 1ikoho\.
w ith All following potcucics nrc prepared with one minim of the preced­
oLCIIC)'· ing !"'""'' 111s ing potency to ni11c 111ini111s of alcohol.
All tho fo\\owt0 nincLy-ninc 1 11ini
g p ot c m :y
cdin Scale.
b. J)ecimal bol givo tb
o 1< po- CLASS III.
, Iii or e n\ oo
S "'iH in.s of
ti,,.,tn rn ""' give the
e ,,. i "i ,,,, nf
mi ni "'" n l' ,lilo« nlcohol TINCTURES
. ., ",n I !l
1.,·11•· Y ·
t\.,. I , I"'', ,., oh ol giv e th
e Tinctures prcpnrcrl with two parts hy weight of alcohol to one part
I "'in i"' ,.r "' i "h ns of dilute ok of plant, or parL thereof.
.,- "'" I !l
""' >, \ ,,.1,,,,, e p rnced· The f'1111damcnlal rule for this class is contained in Ifahnemaun's
•111 •)' .
'J. X \11111
I min "" .,f w t on e mioim of th .Mat. 1l[ed. J >um, under Scilln.
, x potency. p•·or"" "' i h
A P""'""''" ,n·o The fresh plant, or part thereof, is pounded to a fine pulp nnd
All fo\\n wins 1iuc minims of :ilcohol. weighed. Then two parts hy weight of alcohol arc taken, nud nf'te1·
t.o 1
inµ; pot.enc)' thoroughly mixing t.hc pulp with one-sixlh pa.rt of it, the rest of lhe
alcohol is nrh)r,:. Aftpr lrndng stirred the whole, nud hn,·iug filled it
I.
C LA 8 S I into a well-stoppered holliP, it is allowed to stnud eight days, i 11 a
dark, cool place. The tincture is then scparnted by <lccauting, strain­
S. od to
TINCTURE alc ohol ndd iug aud filtcri111-{.
tw o p Mls of Amouut of drug power of li11 cturc, L
y tlm .,i,1 of
•r;,.etnn• Mpln l""'"' hpart. thereof. ohnomonu',
of n t, or "" "' is oo ntnin e<l in R
three part� monl"I nM \iw this ed . To POTE1'iTIATI0-:--1.
'f ho fnn,lo n, 11111kr '1'h11y n . of, is weigh en the
J\(,,t. }\fr,1/. P ,rr sh pb n \.,°" v o<t l h«•o
a,·o tok O" , Th
ohnp "' I, fn t nf olonhol e£"""''Y W a. C'cntcsimal Scale.
'\'ho Ii ,,ol y o.-!>, \l.wn I""" hy wdsh .,,,,oh ,,\e.,hol '" is o th o ,ost of 6 minims of' tincture and 9..J. 1nini111s of' dilute nleohol give the 1st
n·o o p il h '" ,1<1 i ng
'i'•·•·y tl ml is mnisl ""
"' I w
I is well ,1,h·•·«
l. A
oogh o piece potency.
oh ,,pre,\ ph oss to , th iek po Ip, ""' othe•· ond ,t,·oi,.ed tho stand eight 1 minim of' the 1st potency and 99 minims of nlcohol i:ri,·e the 2d
ln·i"S the m the whole is mi sol u,g ohtoioo<l is ,.\lowed to ou filtornd. potency.
the olcohol, thns o, aod th
.ew \i n O"- The tinotn"ttle, in o dm·k, ,on! pl ,o All following potencies arc prcpnrecl with' one minim of the preced­
, bo
of \\-stoPI'"""' rc, !- ing potency to 1 1incty-niuc minims nf' alcohol.
,\,.ys io o we drug power of t,inctu
Amount of
b. Decimal Scale.
10N.
roTF.N'l'l A'f 6 minims of' tincture ant! --1 minims of' dilute alcol1ol give the lx
Scale.
et. Ccnte-qimctl ivo the
lsl potency.
s of d ilu te ,kohol g 1 minim of the lx pol,cncy :111d 9 111i11i1ns of dilute alcohol �i YC the
!JS minim
tioetm-o mHI ai ,o tho 2<1 2x potency.
i minims of ,o io i m s of alcohol 1 minim of the 2x potency nnrl 9 1ni11in1s of alcohol gi,·e the '."Ix
an<l 9 9
I' ,tcncy. im of the I st P""""' the p,eced· potency.
I mio
,·c d wi th "'" n, in im of All following potencies arc prepared with ouc minim of the preced­
p<" P"
I' ,\('ll<'Y o \lnwino"I'"""'°'" m·o 111s of alcohol. ing potency to nin() minims nf' al<'<ihnl.
.
A.II f l'l, y-n in c 111i11i
\o ni n
ill'.� p11\<'111·y
20 llOMrnUl'ATlllC l'HARMACEUTICS.

1 '0TEN'l'f AT I ON.
l!O�IU:UPA'l'ILIC l'HA!tMACEU'flCS. 21
a. Cenlesimal Seale.
b. Decimal Scale.
2 minims of lincturc nnd 98 minims of dilute nlcohol give the 1st
pntcncy. . . :2 minims of tincture and 8 mini111s of dilute alcohol giye the lx po­
1 minim of' the 1st potency and !)9 mm1ms of alcohol give the 2d tcucy.
J'lllCn(')", . . . . 1 ·111ini111 of' the lx potency and !J 111iui111s of' <lilutc alcohol gi,·c the
All the followi1w polrncll'S arc prepared with one mrn1m of the prc- '.lx potcn('y.
(·cding potl'ney Lo �1incly-11i11c 111i11i11 1s of nlcohol. l 111ini111 •of the 2x potency and !) minims of alcohol give the :�x
potrney.
b. Decimal f::,'cale. All fi1llowing pnlc11<:ies arc pl'(:p:trccl with one 111iui1 1 1 of the prccc<l­
iug potc11 <'y to nine 111ini111s of alcohol.
2 minims of' tincture and 8 minin1 s of clilulc alcohol give the lx po­
trn<'y.
I ·111 ini111 of' the lx pol(\ncy nnd !l 111inims of dilute alcohol give the
2x pol,cnt•y. CLASS III.
l minim of the 2x potency and D minims of dilute alcohol give the TINCTURES.
!h potcn(·y. .
All following potcn(•J<•;-: arc prepared mth one minim of the preccd­ Tinctures prepared with two parL'l by weight of alcohol to one part
inl-{ potency Lo nine minims of alcohol. of' plant, or part therrof'.
The f'1111damcutnl rule for this class is contniucd in llnhncmnnn's
Mat. JI/eel. f >nrci, nnder Scilln,
The frei;l1 plant, 01· part thereof', is 1 1 ,1<letl to a fine pulp nllll
CLASS II. weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol nrc taken, nnd nflcr
TINCTURES. thoroughly mixing the pulp with oue-sixth part of it, the rest of the
alcohol is added. Aflc•r h:l\·inl-{ Rtirrrtl the whole, and haviug filled it
Tinctures cxprcssccl hy the aid of two pnrls of alcohol added to into 1L we! 1-Rtoppcred hottic, it is allowed to staud eight dnyR, in n
three parlf' of' plant, or pni:t thc1: cof. . , . , dark, con! pince. The Liucturc is then scparntc<l by <lccantiug, straiu­
The fondnmcntal rule for tl11s class 1s contamcd m IIahnemann s iug aud filtering.
/lhl. JJ[ed. Pnra, under Thnya. AmouuL of drug power of tincture, i.
The finely chopped, f'rcsh plan�, Ot' 1�art I.hereof, is wcig!1ed. To
,:, .•ry t.l i rrc pnrt;:;, two parts h.v. WCll-{ht of nlenhol nrc tnl,cn.
. Then tl1 e
l'Ol'ENTIATJON.
,·h ,ppc•d plant, is moi!'tPn<•d w1lh a� much :llcohol ns 1� ncccs!'n.ry t�
hri 1 w the m:i.-;.➔ to a thic•k pnlp, and 1s well i:t1rrrd. Aclchng the rest of a. C'cnlcsimal Scale.
I.he ;�h:ohol, the whole is 1nixcd tog<'lher nnd !'trnincd through n p_iccc
of' new linen. The t.i nct.urc thus ohtainrd is 1dlowcd to stnncl eight 6 m'ninHl of tincture nnd 9-1- 11 1ini111s of' dilute alcohol give the 1st
,1:t,·s in :i. well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, aud then filtered. potcucy.
Amo1111t of' tlrng power of tincture, t 1 111ini111 of' the 1st potency and 99 minims of alcohol gi,·c the 2d
potency.
All following potencies arc prrpan•d with one 111i11 i1 1 1 of the prcC'cd­
POTt;;N'l'fATrQN. ing potency to nincly-niue minims of alcohol.
a. Ccnleirimal Scale.
b. Decimal Scale.
2 minims of tincture ancl 98 minims of' dilute alcohol give the 1st
p ,tcnry. 6 minims of ti11cl11rc anrl -I- 111inims of dilute alcohol give the lx
. . , . potency
l minim of the ht poteucy and 99 m1111n1 s of alcohol give the 2d
1 minim of the lx potency and D minims of dilute nleohol giYC Lho
I' 1tl'n('.\'. . .. 2x potency,
All follnwiup; pot<'ncics arc prepared with one m1111m of the preccd- 1 minim of the 2x potency 1111<1 9 minims of alcohol give the 3x
i11g polcn<'y t,o ninety-nine minims of alcohol. p0teney.
All following potencies nrc prrparctl with one minim of the pr<'rcd­
ing potency to nin<' minims nf nlcohol.
22 JH•�lt l•:l>l',\'l'II ll! I'll A IOI Al 'J,:UTJCS.

CL,\SS 1 V. JIO�HEOl'J\TII IC f"IIAJt�IAC:El"J"l\';S. _.,

•)•'

TINCTURES. 1 1nini111 111' fire J�t poltll<,Y :111d !)!) 111ini1w; of' ak11hol give tlu: 2d
Ti11<"111n• prl'parrd ll'itlr fi\' t! part,.: hy \\'l'ight of alt'ol111I. p•,krrcy.
TIii' f'n11d:11111•11t:d r11lc· fi,r tlri,- 1·1:11-� i� ,·onlairwd i11 l lah11e111a1111·� J\11 follo\\'i11g pol1·1wi1·,; an• 111·1•p:11·cd \\'illr orrc 111i11i111 uf' the pretc•cl­
Nat ..1/,·,/. /',m,. 1111d,·r S 1 1igPli:1 :111,I :-:1:iplri�agri:1. i11g polelll')' lo 11inety-11i1H· 111i11irm; ol' alcul10I.
\\',·i�i, 1111· fi11,·h· di\·i, 1 ,,, 1 ,-11h,-l:1111·1· 1dri,·d \'""1·1:d,11· and :rni111al :-11h­
:1:1111·1•; :11·1· p1iln·r11.1·d. f' rt',-h :111i111:d ,-11l,,-1a111·(•:-�,re po1111,lp,I) :111,I p1111r
11\'t•r it. Ii\·,· p:irt,.: lty m·i .�l,J. 111' :d1·11h11I, 1111•11 IPt, tl11• 11,ixl11n· n·111:1i11
1·iµ:lit. d:iy:- ( pr11\·i,ll',I I h:11 li,r I 111· )':tl'I i1·11l:1r 1111•dil'it11• a, lo11g1·r 111:11·1·r:1- J\� llil' �11l11li1111 \·11nl:1i11:- ,' cr cll'II;_: p1111·1·r, it 1·111T1•sp11111I,; 111 IIH· I.•:
li1111 i,- 11111 n·,prin·d l, :ii 11nli11ary 1t•111p1•1·al111·,, i11 a dark pl:tt'C, �lraki11g J'llfl o lll'_\'.

ii l1ri1·1• :1 d:ry: 1 1 11•11 p1111r oll'.:-trai11 :111,I lilil'I'. I 111i11i111 of' 1111• �ol11Ji1111 :111cl !I 111ini111,.: 111' di�1ill1•cl 11':tll•r 1-(in• 1111: �x
,\1111111111 of' clru� 111n1·1·r or li11ct11re, , 1ir• pot1•111·y.
I 111i11i111 of' tli e 2x pott•lle\· · and !J 111i11ir11� of' dilute al<-ohol gi\· e tlw
:ix pol1·11t·.\'.
l'<JTl•:l\TI.\ TION. I 111i11i111 111' tire :h pol1·111·y a11d !J 111i11i111,; of' :1l<-ol111I giYe the •Ix
p11l1·111·y.
a. Ccnlcsimol S('((/e. ,\II follo\\'illl-( poll·nl'ic·!' an• 11repared \\'ilh oue 111i11i111 111' the preced­
HI 111i11i111!' of' linctnrr :rnrl !)() 111i11i111s of alcohol �irn the 11-1 po­ ing potency lo 11i11e 111i11illls ul' alcohol.
tt•fll'\'.
·
I 111i11i111 of' Lire hi. pol.1•111·-'· :rnd !l!J 111i11i111s of :tlcc,lwl gi\'C LlrP 2d
p11l1•111•.\". ('l,J\SS
T
\ -/i .
. \.II foll11ll'i11g pntrnri<'s arc• prrpar<'cl \\'illr one mi11i111 of the preced­
ing polt'111·.r lo ninel_y -nine 111i11i111� of' :rll'olrol. AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS.

/,. Dr,·i11111l 81•11/c.

0110 part. hy \\'f'ighf. 111' tlu• 1111•,Iil'i11al �11 h!'I :111t·e is cli�sol n•d 111 11i11l'I 1 ·­
ni111• p:irl� hy \\ Pight. 111' di�lilh·d \\':1!<-r.
/\,.: the ti11t'L11n• c1111t:1i11,.: 1 1,, clrnl-( p11\\'er, it corresponds to tire lx A111ou11t of' drng p1111·er 111' !'11l11iio11, ilo•
""' 1•111·y.
I 111i11i111 111' ti11d11rr and!) 111i11i111s of' alcohol gi\' C the 2x poterrc·y.
All fi1llo\\'i11g p11t1·11c·ir,- an• 11rcp:1n•d \\'itlr ouc 111iui111 of tire prrcecl­ l'OTt-:l\TI .\TI< i:,;.
in).! p111l•111·.r lo 11i11l' 111i11i111,; of' :ikolrol.
a. ('1·11lr8imal Smlc.
A� the i;olulion eo11tai11� 1 !,rr clrng pm\'t'r, it cnrrrsponds lo the J,-t
CLAR:-; V-ll. Jlflfrlll')'.
1 lllinilll nf 1111• �oluiion a11cl !H) minilll:i of'cliltrlc :tlc·ol1<1l gi\·c the 2,1
AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS. p,,tent'y.
All following 11nte11t'i1•,; arc prl'pared \\'ith 1111c 111i11i111 of' the preced­
Onr p:irl 1,-', wriglrt nf' 1111• 111eclici11:rl i=11hsla11cc is dissolved in nine ing poll'lll')' In 11i11cl,y-ni1w 111ini1111; of' alc11h11I.
p:rrl,.: h1· m•iglrt; nf distilll'd w:1l1•r.
A 111ount or drug lH)\\'('I' ol' H11l11Lin11, 11ir,
t,_ ncrimul Scale.

POTENTf.\TlON. As the sohrlion c1111fai11� 1 � rr drnl-( puwrr, ii, <'lltTesponcls lo the 2x

()Of('IIC'_\'.
11. (',•11lr.•i1110! 8Mle. 1 mi11im of the !'ol11li1111 :111d !l 111inirw; 111' cliluie alcolwl f,!iYc the '.1x
,111t(•l1('y.
111 111i11irns of the �ol11ii1111 ancl!)() n1ini111s of distilled wnter give tht• 1 -11i'ini111 of lhc• '.1x polPtH')' and !) minims of' aleoh,,I gi\'!' the 4x
] �I pol('Ill'_\'. poll'11<·.\'·
All folln\\'in:,r pot1•1H'i<•:- arr pn•p:irrd \\'ilh 0111' minim of' th0 prrcrcl­
inir polf'IH'_\- 111 11i111• 111i11i111,.: 111' :il1•11h11l.
24 HOMlEOl'ATHrn 1'IIARMACICUTICS. IIO�l<EOl'ATJI IC l'JlAJtMACE(;'J'll:H. 2�
A II fi,llowing pof.<!JH'i<•� arc JH'<•pnred wit.Ii one minim of the 1n·ee<•d­
<JLA8S VI-a. i11g potcm�y to ninety-nine minims of alcoho1.

ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS. b. Decimal B('(tlr..

< >ne part. lir Wl'ii.rht of tltc mcdieinnl substnnce is dissolved in nine As the solution conlnins T! i'.i drng power, it corrcsponcls to tlw �x
part� hy m•i�ht of :ileolwl. 1>0tenc,r.
A111ou11L of dmg power of solution, •r1JJ• 1 mi11im of the solution nll(l U minims of' alcohol give the :lx po­
tc•11,•y.
AH following potl•11eit•s are prepared with one minim uf the pn•ecd­
J>oTEN'J'IJ\TION. ing potency lo nine 111ini111s of alcohol.

'"·· Cenfc.�imnl Scale.

10 minims of tlw solution mid 90 minims of alcohol gh·e the ht
potency.
l 111i11im of the 1st potPncy and !H) minims of nlcohol give tlw �,I
pot<•tH'Y •
;\ II followin:,r potmcics nrc prcpnrc<l with one minim of the prcc<·d­
i11g' polt•m·y to ninety-nine mini1m, of nlcohol.
CLASS VII.
TRITURATION OF DRY MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES.
'l'hc fmulnm<'lltal rule for this class is contained in Halmcmnnn •s
.Mfll. 11/cd. Pura. 1111cler Ar::C'llic11111.
[t'or the trit.11ratio11 :111d potcut.intion of dry nwdiciual s11h8tn11cc·s the
followi11g proportiom; of' weight. mid nwmmre form the lmsii;:

b. Decimal Scale. a. l'cntc.qimal Scale.

.\i. the solution co11tairn; 110 drug power, it corresponds to the lx po­ One pnrt hy weight of the mcdieinnl suhslnncc to HH pnrts hy WC'ight
tt•11c·,·. of sugnr of milk gives the 1st trit.11rntion.
I 111i11i111 of tlw i-:olul.ion :md !) minims of ulcohol give the 2x po­ All following- t.rit.11rntio11s nrc prepared with one grnin of the precl·d­
0

h-rH·,·. ing triturat.iou to 11inct.y-ninc grnirn; of sugnr of milk.

A°ll following- poh•ncil·� nrc prepnrc<l with one minim of the preced­
ing- potem·y to nine minims of nlcohol. C,m.ver.<Jion ·info Liquid l'olen,·ic.<J.
One grnin of tlw !1d t.rit.uration clissolved in f>O 111ini111� of distil1c·cl
wnt.er :md 111ixccl wilh :,0 mi11i111s of nlcohol �in•:-- tlH' -hh pof Pll('."·
1 minim of the •Hh potc•rwy to !H) 111i11i111i; of alcohol �i\'l'!-1 tII<' :>lh
CLASH VI-/3. potency.
All following potP1wiP:-- nn� pr<•p:11·c•d with mie 111ini111 of tlH• JU'l'<'<•<l­
ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS. ing potency to ninety-nine mini111s of nlcuhol.
One pnrt hy weight. of' the mcdicinnl substance is dissolved in 99 b. Decimal Senfe.
parts by weight of alcohol.
Amount uf drug power of solution, Tb "JJ• One pnrt h_r weight. of the medieinnl Rttl,�t:mce to H parts hy weight
of sugar of 111il� g-in•i,; I-he 1 x t.ritnrntion. ..
All followin� trit11mtio11s nre IH'l'Jntl"l'cl with one grain of till' prc<'L·d­
POTENTIATION. ing trituration to nine grains of imgar of' milk.
a. Cc11 fc.qimal Scale. 00111,r.1·.,;ion folo Liq uid l'olcnrie.�.
..-\8 the solution contnin� r! "JJ drug power, it corresponds to the 1st One grnin of tlu· (h: t.l'itur:il.ion di:-::-:oh·l'd in :,0 111i11i111� of' dii-:tilll·cl
p11h•11c•y. wnter and mixed wit.Ii GO mi11i111!-I of al<'nltol, 1,ri,·C'� tlH•- 8.x potenc·.,·.
I 111i11im of the solution nnd 00 minims of nlcohol give the 2d po• 1 minim of the (�x pot.eney t.o !) 111i11itw, of ,lilnt<i :tl<'ohol g-iws the
ll'llt'_\', ,. Ox potency.

2G J l0)1 tEOI' ATllIC l'llARMACEU'I'lCS.
1 lllinim of the !Jx potency to !) lllinin1s of alcohol gives the lOx
potency.
All following potencies nrc prepared with one minim of the preced-
ing potency to nine llliuims of alcohol.
• the rule is found in llahnc111111111 ·s Utrunic Diseases, under Agaricus.
CLASS VIII.
TRITURATION OF LIQUID SUBSTANCES.
The rnlc for this class is euutaincd fn Hahncmann's Chronic Dis•
ease.�, under Petrolcum.
Fur the tritnrntiou of these substances the following proportions of
weight and measure form the bnsis:
a. Ce11tesimal Scal,e.
1 minim of the substance to 99 grains of sugar of milk gives the 1st
trituratiou.
1 part by weight of the 1st trituration to 99 parts by weight of sugar
of milk gives the 2d trituration.
All following triturntions are prepared with one grain of the preced­
ing t rituration to ninety-nine grains of sugar of milk.
Conversion into Liquid Potencies.
One grnin of the 3cl trituration dissolved in 50 minims of distilled
water nntl mixed with 50 minims of alcohol, gives the 4th potency.
1 minim of the 4th potency to 99 minims of alcohol g1ves the 5th
potency.
All following potencies are prepared with one minim of the preced­
ing potency to ninct.y-nine minnns of alcohol.
b. Decimal Scale.
1 minim of the snhstnncc to 9 grnius of sugar of milk gives the lx
tritu rntion.
1 p1u-t by weight of the 1x triturntiou to 9 parts by weight of sugar
of milk gives the 2x: trituration.
All following triturntions arc prepared with one grain of the preced­
ing triturntiou to nine grains of sugar of milk.
Conversion into J_li,quid Potencies.
One grnin of the 6x: triturntion dissolved in 50 minims of distilled
,rntcr and mixed with 50 minims of alcohol, gives the 8x potency.
1 minim of the 8x: potency to 9 minims of dilute alcohol gives the
!Jx potcney.
1 minim of the fix potency to 9 minims of nlcohol gives the lOx
potency.
All following potencies arc prcpnrc<l with one minim of the prece{
ing potc1aCy to nine rninims of alcohol.
HO�lillul' ATHIC !'HARM AC.EUTlCS. 27
CLASS IX.
TRITURATION OF FRESH VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL
SUBSTANCES.
For this clnss, the lower triturations of which cnunot he preserved,
Fresh· vegetables a11<l :mi11ials arc first pou1Hlc<I or grntcd to n firic
pulp, then triturntcd nnd potenti,,cd according to the following propor­
tions by weight an<l measure:
a. Centesimal &ale.
Two parts* by weight of' the subslm.1cc nnd 99 parts by "·eight of
sugar of milk gives the 1st trituration.
One part by weight of the first trituration to 99 parts by weight of
sugar of milk gives the 2d trituration.
All following triturations arc prepared with one part by weight of
the preceding trituration to ninety-nine pnrts by weight of sugnr of
milk.
Conversion into Liqttid Potencies.
One grain of the 3d trituralion dissolved in 50 minims of distilled
water and mixed with 50 minims of alcohol gives the 4th potency.
1 minim of the 4th potcucy tu 99 miuims of alcohol gives the 5th
potency.
All following potencies arc prepnrcd with one minim of the prccc1l­
ing potency to ninety-nine minims of alcohol.
a. Decimal Scale.
Two parts by weight of the substance an<l 9 parts by weight of sugnr
of milk give the lx tritmntion.
1 pnrt by weight of the ] x trituration to 9 pnrts by weight of' sugnr
of milk gives the 2x trituration.
All following trituratio1is are prepared with one pn t by wcif..(ht of
r
the preceding trituratiou to uine pnrts by weight of sugnr of milk.
Conversion into Liquid Potencies.
One grain of the 6x trituration dissolved in 50 minims of distilled
wa�r and mixed with 50 minims of alcohol ,rives the 8x: potency.
·1 minim of the 8x potency to 9 minims of dilute alcohol gi\"es the
9x potency.
• 1 minim of the 9x potency to 9 minims of alcohol gives the l0x po-
tency.
. All following potencies nrc prepnrecl with one minim of the prcccd•
ing potency to nine minims of alcohol.
- ---- -- -----------------
* Two parts !1re taken bcr:11rnc of loss by crnpor:ition during trituralion.
28 UOl\l<EOPA'l'IIIC PIIARMACEUTICS.

NOMENCLATURE.
Iu homceopn.thy the old Latin 11u111cuclnture of Hahuemn.nn's tim9,
still used n.t this date in the oflieial Phnrmacopceirt of the German Em­
pire, lrns been retained, nnd adopted by all the text books of the school.
In nil cases where ouly oue species of n genus of plants is officinnl, the
mcdici11c bears the name of the genus or species, thus instcrtd of say­
ing Ac'.1111it11111 Napcllus, we !'II)' Aconitwn; instead of Atropti Bclla­
donua, Belladonna. If Inter, another plant of the same genus is proved,
ns for example, Aconitum Lycoctonum, its name receives thk distinc­
tive addition Lyeoctonmn, while by the name Aconitmn alone we nlwnys
undcrstan1I Aconitum Nnpellus. To avoid mistakes, we give under PART II.
the officinal name, in Part II, treating of Special Homroopathic Phar­
maceutics, the 1mme of the species and its synonyms.
0 is used to denote Mother Tinctures.
Dil. (Dilutions) is used to denote Liquid Potencies or Attenuations.
Trit. is used to denote Trituratioos.
SPECIAL
The simple numeral, 1, 2, 3, etc., added to the name of a remedy,
signifies that the preparation hns been potentized on the Centesimal
scale.
The Latin numeral ten (x) added to the simple numeral, viz. : 1 x,
2x, 3x, etc., signifies that the preparation has been potentized on tho
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Decimal scale.

ABELMOSCHUS.
Synonym, Hibiscus Abelmoschus, Wight and Arnott.
Nat. Ord., MnJvaccro.
Common Name, Musk Seed.
A shrub growing in.Egypt, aud in the East and \Vest Indies. Tht
seeds nre known under the names of Semen Abelmoschi, Alcere ./Egyptiaca
nnd Grana .Mo.�chata. They are kidney-shaped, three to four milli
metres long and about two millimetres wide; nrc characterized h)
many brown concentric strb), with grnyish furrows between the striro
· They have an agree:ible oclor like that of musk, nnd an aromatic taste
Preparation.-Thc dried seeds _nrc powdered and covered wit!
five parts by weight of alcohol. After mixing well, and pouring i·
into a. well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight days in a dark
cool place, shaking it twice a day. The tincture is then poured off
strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, *·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss IV.

ABIES CANADENSIS, Michaux.

Synonym, Pious Caoadeosis, Willd.
Nat. Ord., Coniferro.
Common Names, Hemlock Sprncc, Canada Pitch.
A well known evergreen tree founrl in rocky woods in Britisl
America anti the United States ns for south ns the Alleghenies. It i
(:!!I)
30 HOMOWPA'l'HIC PHARMACEUTICS.
commonly from 70 to 80 foet high. The trunk is straight nnd from
two to three feet in di11111ctcr. Th!l leuves ure lincnr, smull, tint, ob­
scurely de11ticulnte, spreading in two directions, makiug apparently two
rows. The cones arc ovoid, slightly longer thau the leaves, terminal
and pendulous.
The first provings were made under <lirectiou of Dr. Gatchell.
Preparation.-TIH' fresh hnrk und young buds a,rc pounded to a
pulp aud weighed. Theu two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken,
and after mixing the pulp thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, tho
:-rst of the alcohol i� :uld1•,I. ;\ ll1•r having stirred the whole well, nnd
having poured it int,, a wcll-:toppcrcd bottle, it-is allowed to slanrl
Pight rlnys in :t dark, ('ool pince. The tincture is then separated by
dec:111ting, straining nnd filtering.
Drug power of tincture, L
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
ABIES NIGRA, Poire/.
Nat. Ord., Conifer:u.
Common Name, J31ack or Douhle Spruce.
A tree found growing in swamps and cold mountain woods in north-
·crn United f-;tatt•.-; and Canada. lts lcnves are short, being six or eight
lines long, either dark green or glaucous-whitish. Coucs ovoid, being
one to one and one-half inches long, mostly recurved, pcrsisteut, the
scales with n thin, oll,cu ero�cly-<lcntntc edge.
The first proviugs were made u11dcr direction of Dr. Leaman;
Preparation.-Two parts hy weight of the gum are dissolved in
nine parts by weight of 95 per ccut. alcohol and designated as mother
tincture.
Drug power of ti11cturc, fo-.
Dilutions must he pr.:iparcd as directed uudcr Class VI-a.
ABROTANUM.
Synonym, /1. rtcmi�i:i. Ahrotnnum, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Co111posit:u.
Common Name, Routhcrnwood.
A shrnh, native of southern Europe and the Lcvnnt. It is about
three foct i11 height, !raves hi-pinnntifid, the young leaves covered
with whitish silky hairs. The taste is burning, sharp and bitter; the
odor :i.romatic mixed with that of lemons.
Preparation.-Thc fresh lc1tvcs gathered in July nnd August nre
chopped nud pounded to a pulp aud weighed. Then two parts by_
weight of alcohol arc taken, au<I having mixed the pulp thoroughly
with one-sixth part of it, the rest of the alcohol is added. After hnv­
i11g stirred the whole well. and liaviug poured it into n well-stoppered
�ottlc, it, is allowed to sta11d eight days in n dark, cool place. Tlie
t111cturc is the11 separated by dccanti111r, straining and filtering.
.
Drug power of. t111cturc, h. 0 concentrated sulphuric acid arc arldcd, the rc:tnrt connected with n re­
Dih,t,ians 111��t.hc prepared as directer! under Class III.
HOMffiOPATHIC PHAHMA<:EUTICS. 31
ABSINTHIUM.
Synonyms, Artemisin Absinthium, Linn. Absinthium Vulgnre,
Lamarclc.
Nat. Ord., Composit::-c.
Common Name, Common \Vormwood.
A shrub t,hrec or four foot high, growing wild in Europe in dry,
stony places; naturalized in New Euglaud. Leaves bi an<l t,ri-pin­
natifid; the Oppermo t oucs uudi�I silky-hairy.
The flower heads nrc ycllo�,,,uc1111g, hcrnisphcricul. Tnst,c very
bitter; odor st.rong a11d root-Ii kc.
The first prin·ing was made under Dr. Gatchcll's directions.
Preparation.-The f'rrsh young lcn\·<•s and hlo��oms arc chopped
nod pounded to :t pulp and weighed. Then two parts by wcigl1t of
alcohol arc takc11, a11d lmving mixed the pulp thoroughly with one­
sixth part of it, the rest of the nlcohol is mldcd. After haying stirred
the whole well, and h:tving poured it into a well-stoppered bottle, it is
allowed to stnnd eight dnys in n dnrk,cool place. TI\C tiucturc is then
sepnrntc<i hy" decanting, st rni11ing n11d filtering.
Drug power of tinclurc, L
Dilutions must he prepared ns directed under Class III.
ACALYPHA INDICA, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Euphorbinccx.
Common Name, Jndinn Acalypha.
This plant, growing one or t,wo foot high, is found in the Enst Indies.
In appearance it i-cscmblcs the Nettle or Amaranth.
Preparation.-Tlic fresh plant is pou11dcd lo a pulp and wci�hcd.
Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, and nfl:cr thoroughly
mix-ing the pulp with one-sixth part of it, the rest or the alcohol is
added. After h:LYing stincd the whole well, and h:n·ing- poured it
into a well-stoppered hot,Ll<·, it is allowed to st1111d eight day� in a dark,
cool place. The tincture is then separalcll by dccautiug, straining nnd
filtering.
Drug power of tincture,!.
Dilut.ions must be prepared nR directed under Class III.
ACIDUM ACETICUM GLACIALE.
'Present Name, Glacial Acetic Acirl.
Formula, e ll H 1 0 2 .
(Concentrated Acetic Acid, corresponding to nt least 8-! per cent. of
nnhyd1·ous acid. Br.)
Preparation of Glacial Acetic Acid.-Of pmc cryst.alli1.ccl
sodium ncetntc ten parts nrc taken and by hcnt deprived of its water
of crystallization. The residue, less than six parts, is upon cooling,
broken up nnd placed in n, glass tuhulntcd retort upon a sand-bath
and warmed to :i temperature of 120 ° F. Then cig-ht parts of pure
ceiver by suitable apparatus, nnd the co11lcnts suhmittecl to cbtiilation.
British Homreopathic Pharmacopreia

Part 2
 PART II.

SPECIAL

HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.

ABELMOSCHUS.
Synonym, Hibiscus Abelmoschus, Wight and Arnott.
Nat. Ord., J\folvacere.
Common Name, J\Iusk Seed.
A shrub growing in.Egypt, and in the East and ·west Indies. The
seeds are known under the names of Semen Abelmoschi, Alcere ./Egyp tiacre,
aml Grana M6.;chata. They arc kidney-shaped, thl'ee to four milli­
metres long and about two millimetres wide; are characterized by
nmny brown concentric striro, with grnyish furrows between the strire.
The,v have m1 ngrccable odor like that of musk, nod an aromatic taste.
Preparation.-The dried seeds are powdered and covered with
five parts by weight of alcohol. · After mixing well, and pouring it
into a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight days in a dark,
cool ,place, shaking it twice a day. The tincture is then poured off,
strained and filtcrerl.
Drug power of tincture, 1¾r,
Dilutions must be prepared rui directed under Class IV.

ABIES CANADENSIS, Michaux.

Synonym, Pinus Canadensis, Willd.
Nat. Ord., Coniforro.
Common Names, Hemlock Spruce, Canarb Pitch.
A well known evergreen tree found in rocky woods in British
America and the United States as far south ns the Alleghenies. It is
(29)
 .....
30 HOMCEOPA'l'IT re PHARMACEUTICS.
commonly from 70 to 80 feet high. The trunk is straight nnd from
two to three feet in ,!iarnctcr. The leaves nrc linear, small, Hat, ob­
scttrcly dc11ticuln.tc, sprcadi11g in two direclions, mnkiug npparcntly two
rows. The cones arc o\"Oid, slightly longer thnu the leaves, termiunl
and pendulous.
The first provings were made under direction of Dr. Gatchell.
Preparation.-The frc:,h bark and young buds a.re pounded ton
pulp and weigh<•«!. Thcn I wo parts by weight of alcohol nre taken,
• ai11l after 111ixi11g the pulp thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, tho
�est of the alcohol i,; added. Af"tcr lmving stirred the whole well, and
havi11g poured it into n well-stoppered bottle, it-is allowed to stau,I
eight days in a dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by
decanting, stmi11ing and filtering.
Drng power of' t in�i,,nc, .I.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
ABIES NIGRA, I'oiref.
Nat. Ord., Conifcr:c.
Common Name, Black or Douhlc Spruce .
. A tree found growi11g i11 swamps and cold mountain woods in north­
ern United 8t:ttcs :tll(l Ca11adn. Its leaves nrc short, being six or eight
lines long, citht•r dark green or glaucous-whitish. Cones ovoid, being
one to one and one-half incite.- long, mostly recurved, persistent, the
Rcales with n tliin. often crol'ely-dc11tatc edgc.
The first provi11.t,rs were mndc under direction of Dr. Leaman.
Preparation.-Two parts hy weight of the gum nre dissolved in
nine p:trL<; hy weight of' Vii p<'r cc•nt. alcohol nn<l dcsiguatecl as mother
t.inct11rc.
JJrug power of' ti11clurc, ,¼.
Dilutions must he prepared as directed uudcr Class VI-a.
ABROTANUM.
Synonym, Artcmisi:t Abrotnnum, I.tinn.
J:':lat. Ord., Co111posit:"C.
Common Name, 8outhcrnwo()(I.
h. shrnh, 11ativc of southern Europe !llld the Levant. It is about
three feet in height, leaves hi-pinnntifid, the young leaves covered
with whitish silky hairs. The taste is burning, sharp and bitter; the
odor aromatic mixc<I with that of lemons.
Pr eparation.-Thc fresh lcllvcs gathered in July and August nre
chopped au<I pounded to n. pulp a11d weighed. Then two parts by_
weight of alcohol arc taken, and having mixed the pulp thoroughly
with one-sixth part of it, the rest of' the nlcohol is added. After hav­
ing stirred the whole well. nnd having poured it into a well-stoppered
botllc, it il-' nllow!'d to !'ta1HI ci�ht clays in n dark, cool pince. Tli<i
tincture i;; thc11 ;mparnt<•d h_r decanting, strni11ing and filtering.
Drn� power of'tindurc, L
Dilt:ti,ms 11111�� he prnpared as directed under Clnss III.
.
-- - -
IT.OM<EOPATHIC PHA!UlACEUTlCS. 31
ABSINTHIUM.
Synonyms, Artemisia Absinthium, Linn. Absinthium Vulgarc,
Lmnarck.
Nat. Ord., Composit�.
Common Name, Common "\Vormwood.
A shrub three or four foct high, growing wild in Europe in dry,
stony places; 1 1nt.urnlizcd i11 N?"'. Englnm!. / Lc�ves bi an<l tri-pin-
natifid; the uppcrnwst ones und1v11lcd! nil silky_-hn1ry_. ,,
The flower heads arc yellow, 11odd111g, hcm1sphcncnl. Iastc very
bitter· odor sll:ong nnd root-like.
Th� fir,;L pm,•i11� was made undt·r Dr. Gatchcll's clirections.
Preparation.-Thc fresh young leaves and blos.<:oms nrc cJ1oppcd
nnd pm11Hlcd to a pulp nnc( wcigl�cd. Then two parts by "-e!gl1t of
,
nleohol nrc t:il,Pn, and lmv111g mixed the pulp thorough!)_ \\1th_ onc­
sixth pa.rt of it, the rest. of the n.lcohol is added. A f't,rr haYmg f't,11:re�I
the whole well, nn�I having _ponred it into a wcll-st?pPcr:d b�tt(c, it 1s
nllowcd to stand eight days 111 n. dark, cool pince. Il�c tmctmc 1s then
scparatccl hy decn 11ti11g. straining a11d filtering.
Drug power of'ti11cture, L
Dilutions must he prepared as cl1rccted under Class III.
ACALYPHA INDICA, Linn.
Nat. Ord., E11phorliince:c.
Common Name, ]11cli:m J\cnlyphn. .
. .
This plant, growing 011c or two fi•ct high, 1s found 111 the Enst lnclies.
Iu appenr:111cc it 1'ese111bles the Nett �c or A111nrnnth.
.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plant, 1s pounded to a pulp nm! we1ghP1I.
Then two parts hy weight o'. alcohol nr? _taken, and 11 llcr tl111ro11ghly
, _
mixi11 g the pulp with one-sixth part of 1t, the rest of �he alcohol !s
adclcd. After havi11g stirred the whole well, a11d hnn11g _poured it
into a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eigl)t dnys 1_11 _a dnrk,
cool pince. The li11cturc is then separated by dccnnt111g, strnn11ng nud
filtering.
Drug power ol' tfoct.nrc, i.
Dilutions must he prepared ns d1rcctccl under Class III.
ACIDUM ACETICUM GLACIALE.
Present Name, Glacinl Acetic Acid.
Formula, G� ]T 4 0 2 • •
(Conccntrn.tccl Acetic Acid, corrcspond111g to nt least 84 per cent. of
anhydrous acicl. Br.)
.
Preparation of Glacial Acetic Acid.-Of l!lll"C cr)'.Stnllticcl
sodium acetate ten pnrts arc tn.kc11 ancl by )1ent clcpn_ved of its w�1tcr
of crystallization. fhc rcsi<l11c, less thnu i:;1x pnrts, 1s upon coolmir,
broli:en up and plncecl in n. gin!<-<; tuhulntcd retort upon n. san�-hath
and warmed to a temperature of 120 F. Then cil!ht pnrts _of pure
°
concentrated !'lulphuric acid nrc :uldcd, _ n_ re­
_ t_ h
the retort c'.mncctcd w1
ceiver by suitable apparntus, nnd the contents suhm1ttecl to cl!�t11lat1nu.
32 HOM<EOPA'l'HIC PIT ARM,ACEUTICS.
The sulphuric acid unites with the sodium of the sodi_um � ce�ate1 f�rm­
ing acid sodium sulphate, and pure anhydrous acetic, acid is d1st1lled
over into the receiver, which should be kept cool. U the heat be _too
great, nurl especially toward the last of the pr?cess, sulphurous oxide,
carbonic oxide aud carbonaceous compounds will be apt to come over
and contaminate the product. . .
Properties.-Glacinl acetic acid crystallizes near the freezmg-pomt
of water (34 F.), nnd rcmnin� crystalline until the temperatu�e rises
°
to above 9° C. (48 ° F.); it contains, then, about one per cent. of water,
or not less than 84 per cent. of acetic nnhydrid. At the ordinary
temperatures it is n colorless liquid with !1. pungent acetous odor, an_d
vcsicates the skin. When heated to boiling (2480 F.), the vapor 1s
inflammable and burns with a blue flame. Its specific gravity is 1.065.
A; it is hygroscopic it should be kept in well-stop�ered bottles. .
Tests.-Purc acetic acid should leave no residue on evaporation .
Empyrcumatic mnttcr is best d�tccted by neutrnl) zing the aci� with
sodium carbo1rntc n.nd then addmg a small quantity of a solution of
p:>tn.ssiu111 permnuganat �. If the latter_ loses its ?olor, and afterward a
brown prccipitalc dcpos1ts, cmpyreumat1c m�tter lS pr61!ent. . Hydrogen
sulphide, solution of silver nitrate �nd solution o[ bar�\lm _mtratc must
11.it color or cloud the acid when diluted. Solution of md1go must not
lose its color when heated with the acid.
. looking, six-sided scales, which feel greasy to the touch, without odor
Preparation for Homc:eopathrc Use.-One pa�t by we1,gl1_t of
pure glacial acetic acid is dissolved in nine parts by weight of d1st1lled
water.
, Amount of drug power, 1¼·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class V-u..
ACIDUM BENZOICUM.
Present Name , Bcm.oic Acid.
Formula, 110 7 H 5 02-
Molecular Weight, 122.
Preparation of Benzoi_c _Acid.-Take of_benzoin in coarse pov.:­
dcr any qunntity. Spread. 1t 10 a ln.y�r not tl11cker thnn �Jue� ce1;1t1-
111ctrcs upon the hot.Com of a shnll�w iron pan, covered w1_th filtermg
paper !uteri or pasted to the outside. Over_ th� whole is placed a
long cone of white card-board. Upon the 1lppltcat1on of heat by �cans
of n. sand-bnt.h, the benzoic acid sublimes and condenses upon t�e muer
surfi1cc of the cone.
Properties.-Benzoic ncid exists in permanent, white feathery, soft
light plntcs, or occnsionnlly six-si� ed needles. \Vhe1;1 prepared _ns
_
ahovc it hns the odor of gum bcnzom from a small portion of volatile
oil which hns been condensed with the crystitls. It fuses at 121° C.
( t-19.5 ° F.) but under water at 100° C. (212° F.), its vapor coming off
rcaclily with the steam. The vnpor irritates the air-passages.
Tests.-If carefully . heater) on. platinum f�il_, ben�oic acid m�lts
to n. colorlcss or yellowish flu1d, frnally v!1por1�mg _w1�h. co�bw,t1on
and leaving no residue, The presen� e of l11ppur1c a�1d 1s md1catcd by
the rcddish co\or when f11�ccl on platmum, oa by a shght carbonaceous
HOllI<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 33
resroue. If the latter be considcrnblc, sugur or a tartratc hns been
present. Non-carbonnccous residue shows mineral mntters. If one­
fifth of a gramme be well shaken with ten centimetres of distilled
water nnd the mixture then tinged a dnrk reel with solution of potas­
sium permanganate, the color will not change inside of five minutes,
but it will do so immcdintcly if hippuric ncid or bcnzoic acid made
. from urine, or ciunamic ucid be present.
It was first proven hy lJr. J cm,cR.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic U se.-One part by weight of
pure benzoic aei<l 'is dissolved in nine parts hy weight of alcohol.
Amount of drug power, 1\,-.
Dilutions must be prcpored as directed under Class VI-u..
Triturations of' the pure bcnzoic acid arc prepared as directed un der
Class VII.
ACIDUM BORACICUM.
Present Name, 13orneic Acid. Boric Acid.
Formula, lI 3 130 0 •
Molecular Weight, 62.
Preparation of Boracic Acid.-It is prepared by decomposing
bornx in a hot solution hy ad<liug thereto hydrochloric acid.
Properties.-Jt crystnllizcsout on cvapornlion in small white,silky­
and having a searccly perceptible acid taste; when heated it melts in
its own water of crystallization and leaves a hard, glass-like mass. The
acid is soluble in three parts of boiling water, in twenty-six parts at
ordinary temperatures, and in six pn.rts of alcohol.
Tests.-Its alcoholic solution burns with n. green flame; a solution
in water imparts a brown color to turmeric paper, and faintly reddens
blue litmus paper, and is prccipitatccJ by nitrate of silver or chloride
of barium, the precipitates r edissolving if a. large amount of water
be added.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-The pure boracic acid
is prepared by triturntion, as directed under Class VII.
Present Names, Hydrogen Bromide. Hydrobromic Acid.
Formula, 1-IBr.
Molecular Weight, 81.
,Prepar1:1tion of Hydrobromic Acid.-Ily the notion of sul­
• ·o acid upon bromides of the alkalics the bromine is liberated nnd
with the hydrogen of the acid, thus formi11g hydrogen bromide;
esame time is formed a sulphnte of the base. A solution of equnl
of potassium bromide nnd water is made, and there is added to it
lly and cautiously a little more than one pnrt of strong sulphuric
Heat materially assists the reaction. The mixture is suffored
1, when if water be not in excess, crystals of potassium sulphate
�lize out in a few days. The supernatant liquid is then
34 HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEU'flCS.
.. • RO.MCEOPATlIIC PHAR
MACEUTIC.'.
3o
poured into a glass retort mu! s11h111ittc1l to rlii<till11Lio11 1 tt<'nrly to dry­ Properties.-A hsolutcly .
ness. The distillate is a solution of hyclrnbro111ic acid in w:1l1ir, and its eo�; its odor is described pu bo r c · 1 hns no smell of
strc1irrth must be determined hy the usual methods. The sol 11tiou 11my crystals liquefy at
ns i'1�c�ftu- '�uf
\
8 �lilly _ nro11mt1c. . crco­
lie sl:�ndnrdizctl by tlilutio11 with walcr to a specific grn.vily of 1 .20!1. abou t .ioo
C·-(357·8 ° F) · 1'1 1c prc:-:en ·'
U 1104 0 · � f'
1 ), l 1 ic nc11I boils al about The
1310
ce of a sma .
Properties.-Purc hydrobromic ncid is a culorlcss, highly acid, crystallization by cold. Jt
is soh . • ll nmoun t o f ":atcr hmdcrs the
p1111gent gas; it fu111cs in moist air 1111<1 iA f° r(,c]y snluhlc in water. Tho i'l> 1 c 11 1 f'1 11ecn par
eohible in nlcohol ether r1; . . ts ol wntcr; is fh•cly
ci-t1
soluLiou as prepared under the ahuvc given dircctiurni is a colnrlcss, phide, nu d the �t!i'�•n•:_d :; i �l · f: t lt/'.� ��'.c acul, chloruf or111, carb on di �til-
trnnspnrcnt liquid without otlor, n nd has a strongly nci<l rcnclio11. lt , i
should be kept in dark bottles and exn111iued occnsiounlly lo sec if . Test.:3.-:--It is iuddlcrcnt tu litmus 1n > r .
dipped _rn it and aflenra rd into h · clioc · / l _? ." !\. sl i p o( deal woo<./
1 o11
any decomposition has taken place, which will be indicated hy its nc­
quiriug a yellow color.
Tests.-It should leave 1w rc•sidue upon evnporntion. Silvrr nitrnto
a green1Sh-bJuc color. U J011 . , /
then adding solution o/'sor1\u t
and one of the best tests is
111 1�)�;� 0�)� 0\��
l
n 1
�
c
_
wtJ
f
ac! d nu1! dncd, n cquirc,
1 a Iit tlc _ nnilinc
. c 1 11 c 11c co_ 1 or 1s pro and
produces a white precipital� which is _insoluble in �lilutc ni�ric acid 1_111(! a yellow-white, flocky pn•l'ip
h the '>
�alc o� �1 1· 1011
.?t '. .
�1 on11;1 e wat?•· Ill cxccs.Q, when
duced,
somcwhnt spnringlysoluhlc Ill :tlllllH)ll�:t, b11tfreoly lll pot.'\SSIUIII cr1nule: Preparation for Homceo . 1-p 1l'nol 1s thrown <!own.
Preparation for Homceopath1c Use.-One pnrt by wc1ghl of pure crystallized carbolic acid if\th1� �s�--911 c pnrt by weight of
pure hydrobromic acid is dis.-;olvcd in nine parts by weight of" distilled alcohol. l isso ve m u me parts by
, weight of
water. .Amount of drug power '-er
Amount of drug power, 1 '-cr. Dilutions must be pi.cpn' :
"' Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class V-a. i ct1· ns d'ircctcd under Class VI-a.
CIDUM CHROMICU
ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. M.
Present Name ' Ch romic
Synonyms, Phcnic Acid, Phcnylic Alcohol, Phenol. io .Acid. Anl1 Y dri·c1 c. Impropcrly term
ed Chro-
Present Name, Carbolic Aci<l. Formula, Cr O:i .
Formula, IIC 0 II 6 0. Molecul�r Weight, 100
Molecular Weight, 94. Prep .5.
aration of Chrom
Origin.-Carbulic acid occurs in coal tar products, in the urine of Lichromnte in seventeen p·u ic Acid -D!" ss�t I ten parts of potnssium
ts ho"J: d �
man mHl herbivorous nnimnls, and by the dry distillntion of Salicin, d cautiously, with con st;111t of cr
Salicylic acid, Bcnzoin, null many or�nnic bodies. st.irri 1 :d��' 1:��:l u�\t� g / l ad�I rndunlly
Preparation of Carbolic Acid.-When con,l tar (one of the �d parts of p ur e concentrated 1<1 1 lph 11 ric acid ,. Jct s :l l f:S i '()(.' tw e11ty­
e
remove t l c . t n l o f • ,111< l f 01 one c , ay
secondary products of gns mnnuf'aclurc) is subjected to distillntion, ed Warr;1 tJ°��� �l e.po tassium disulplrntc which
!· a w:_itcr-bath aud �dd car will ha
v�
there first comes over n mixture of' hydro-cnrbons which arc lighter �f concentr�tc/lt� l cf"11 1
than water; as the process continues and the temperature risc.c;, n yellow . u prn11_1c ac1 d ' nnd put ns,dc ly fif"t ccu
The . I for twent -four
oil distils over, which is heavier than water, and is commonly called
dead oil.
ei part1/fil1:�• �vi�fi 1::.:1:�'i
c
g f:;/c l_i·ic! ta now bo c?llectc� in n
1
:Y be rendered crf'c tl fr 1 • · 01 111 1 g ass-wool. fhc crysln ls
{
The dea<l oil is submitted to distillation, and the product which
comes over between the temperatures 300 ° and 400° F. contains car­
un lazed ea1�hC111�•n tc ;si :;�
err�d to dry bottles n ud ·h
t
111 "S��!- hy suflc rii,1� thr11 1 lo clrni11
lhcy nrc then Lo
;
1\�ett1::l f :��;��I
1
bolic ncid. In order to extract the acid from the distillntc, the lnltcr ropert1es.-Chromic ·111h � .
:-
I co ics m f'me cri1 •
is shaken with a hot concentrated solution of potassium hydrate nnd oh are very deliquescent. n ydrile
some of the solid hydrate. A white crystalline mass is deposited which n<l xt me;iy soluhlc i11 wn11f:011 11cedlcs
; the solutions have tl : ? ter n11d alco�
i!> scpnrntcd from the liquid portion nnd treated with a little_ wntcr, rdin to �he degree of ;l�l� l o the crystals, but this is fai11 tcr,
thus forming :t solution of so-called cnrbolatc of pot11Sh; this 1s scl1n­ �i�: 1.
�n i_ th�r <_lark en in colo g
ratc<l from :t ciuanlity of oil which floats nbovc it, n:,rl dccompO$ Cd with ag!� tf1c 011g11rnl color ret r, becomin almost black ' hut upon
n
fr a 1 1 rns·
hydrochloric n cid, when the cnrbolic acid appears as nn oily l_nyer u_pou 00°'6 C. (572 ° F) .ni1 l I"f t1 e . 'l'l icy me I t nl n te111pcrnture
the surfitec of the liquid. The latter is drawn off; di�estcd with n hllle chromi c o xide·au• c l l i 1 icat be iu crcnscd, they arc decompo sed
firce oxygen.
fused cnlcium chloride to remove the water, nnd distillctl. "fO lc . anhydride is nu_cncrgetic oxi
The distilled liquid, when exposed to a low temperature, solidifies to i
t. y �on contact w th org di;,:cr, givin� up ox' en ren
-.1W8 ac nuic dii y,
a mnss of long, colorles.c; needles which may be again liquefied at the tion is so intensei that £lam iwi . ttcr Will1 1111l)g- 1y< 1 rons nlco-
temperature of' the hand. ydride is reduced as above ' pro. duced. In all these cn ses
sta�e�t
36 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
37
T e ts -The only i mpurities likely Lo be �)resent in Lhe _ crystnls n r� ."ACIDUM CITRICUM.
� ·I·)ICI1rom..nte ••niicl sull)huric acid. l'he former wil l be dct.c1-
pot•u,s1ulll Present Name, Citric Acid.
m1! 1 ? l>y it.s not dissolving
·'·I . iu cold tliluLc nlcohol; tI1c In�Lcr, I>y r11_s· t Formula, U 0 ll 8 0 7 •
I . . ·wh dridc with a large excess of dilut.c hyd •?-
l
Molecular Weight, 210.
�h;:::.�� ����/ �: 1�t��- n:lun.1ly itci<ling dilut.c alcohol till all I.he chromi�
ll_lIc i� rc<lueed to chromic oxic lc.
,,t I I)' I.· The fluid is then �,, be Lr� nte(
Citric acid occurs in lemons, ornngcs nml m ost ncilfl
ous fruits and
-vegetables. It. is in these cases generally nccompunic
�1Lh _ _ vo lumes of water ntHI tested with barium chlon�le. 11 sul­ <l by
acids. It is in large amount in the juice of the lemon other organic
(

p llll'ICt.110l\CIC l be pr·esent''n, while 1ircci1iit ntc will occur wl1 1ch llltt)' be
"1 allied species. , ornngcs and
onlv in suflicicot iunount to cnusc lllcrc clom \'ltless. . Preparation· of Citric Acid.-Take hot lemon
for Homreopathic Use.-Onc p�rt. 1 >y �vc1 _ gI� t o {'
.
p rep·aration .. �adually to it powdered chalk till the acid is neu juice nml n<ld
osol vcd in nine 1mrts by weight ul d 1 st.1llccl
pure clI rom1c nc1'd 1· s d'1.,. mg calcium citmt.c is thrown on a filter nnd wnshctdralized. The result­
water. the washings run clear. The filtrate is t.hcu mixed with hot water till
Amount of drug power, 11If• water to give bulk, and then is nddccl a mixt.uro of one with enough cold
Dilut.iuus must be prepared as d1reclcd uu<le1• 'cluss V-u.. pnrt sulphuric
•
acid with tw elve of' water, until the calcium has nil becom
The mixture is thou boiled, filtered, evnporntcd e a sulphate.
ACIDUM CHRYSOPHANICUM. to specific gravi t.y
1.210, and finally set asi<lc j,o crystnllizc. Iron vessel
in part of iron, should be Df.Oided in Lhc prepnrnt.io s, or those ma<le
Present Name, Chrysophaoic Acid. Properti es.-Cit.ric acid is in rhombic prisms with n o f citric ncid.
Formula, C.: 16 H 1 o 04, the surfaces of the lR.Lter being trapezoidal; by clihcdrnl ends,
Molecular Weight, 254. . . . the latter circumst. nnce
the crystals arc dist.ioguishe<l from I.hose of
Source.-Chrysophanic ncid is the c_ hief const. 1Luent of Goa JJ?10rle1, tart.ur
permanent iu dry air, colorless, odorlcss and of an ic acid, They are
in which it exists to the amount, of e1ghty-four. per ccn�. It. 1s nlso At the ordinary temperature they arc soluble in theirintensely acid taste.
found in Rume.-c cri,spus, in the root of Rheuin o_fficinale, and III the yellow and in half that amount of boiling water; iu their own bulk of water,
lichen Parmelia parietina. . . per cent. alcohol n od not at all in absolute et.her.o\\·u volume of 90
p e' t· of Chrysophanic Acid -As t.hc 1ic1d 1s :t 1 most A watery solu­
• soruJ:�I�
rn :cld
remove a· II subs•nnces
. ,,u
water Gon powder is first treated with t.he latter,. to
.
s' ol uble I.herein ' the residue is • then LrcaLcd with
tion decomposes readily, producing acct.ic acid
mouldy growth. At 100 ° C. (212 ° F.) the crysta nod developing a
ls dissolve in their
water of crystnllizntiou; nt nbout 175° C. (�47 ° F.)
bc117,ol and from the benzol solut.ion _ chry_sophan1c uc1d cryst11 II' . 1zrs_ ou_t • they n rc decom­
•

posed into water, carbonous nn<l c nrbouic oxides, nceton

Properties.-Pure chrysophnn1c nc 1 <l, from bcnzol �olut.wn_, 1s � 11
pn.lc or or11ngc-yellow monoclinic prisms ; from nlcol�ohc solntwn, 11
0;..111gc-ycllow matted ncctllcs. The crystals nrc without o<lor an 1
nl:nost without taste. They mel t nt 162° C. (32:}. 6° F.), _but cry�t11� -
izc agllin 011 cooling; at ll, higher tc111pcrnt11rc l� small P�'.-1,)()� suhhn'.�
in olden-yellow needles, but the greater part 1s cnrbmm.cd 1 the .11� 1 j
is �cry slightly soluble in cold wittcr; somc,�·lmt m�rc so 111 hoilm�
water, to which it gives a yellow color. It chssolv_C:3 111 112.'5 p nrl.s 0!
a1 coI10I at 30 ° C · (86 ° F.) ' but in 224 parts of boiling alcohol. It is
readily soluble in benzol, ether, gI acm · 1 ncct1· c ac1·c1 n �cI � m yI nlcohol ·
Tests.-Conccntrnted sulphuric ncitl di11solvcs 1 t w 1Lh a reel c�>l_or,
from which sol ution it separnt.cs out in y�llo�v flocks _ upo_n t.hc adth�1
of water. A solution of a caustic alkali d1�<,olvcs 1t ,�•1th � beaut, giu1
dark red co lor, the solution upon cvitporat 1on ch:mg_mg III C?lor t o
violet-blue. By the a�d)tion �f 1111 acid to the alkaline solution tho
chrysophanic ncid prec1p 1t ntes m yel \ow flocks. ,
Preparation for �om�opat�uc Use.-fhe pure cl1rysop1 1 111110
acid is prepared by tr1turat10n us directed under Class VIL
acid. ,vhen heated Lo carbonizntion, citric n citl; unlikee and aconitic
develops no caramel odor. tnrtnric acid,
Tests.-Thc usual impuritie s found in citric ncid
acid, lime and trnccs o f lead. A Ryslcm nt.ic met.ho nre, sulphuric
purity of the nci<l is ns follows: Dissolve rt large cryst d of t.csting the
small ones with sorno frngmcnts of broken cryst.1ds, iu nl nml a fow
bulk of distilled water. One pnrt of Lho solution is t en Limes their
;hydrogen sulphide; no altcrnt,iou of color or trcn t.cd wit.Ii
no precipitat.c shows
absence of lead. Should, however, lend be presen
t in mere trnccs, the
reaction will not be mnnifcst till after the solution hns
caustic ammonia iu excess. A second portion Lcstcd with been trcnt.c<l with
:'will �ve a precipitate which, however, will not be dissolvlend acet.ato
acid if sulphuric ncid be present. Limo is host dcLect ed hy nitric
liuz some crystals of the ncid nod testing the nsh in ed by incinernt­
Tlle presence of tartaric acid, which is not infrequently the usual way_
. adulterant in citric ncid, will be shown by adding to a used ns nn
solut.ion of tho
auspeoted acid a smn.11. quantity of potassium 11cctnte,
crystalline precipitate of cream of tartar will be thrown when a white
water added in excess to n solution of ciLric acid down. Limo
tate in the cold, but upon boiling for some time aprwhite oduces uo p ro-�ipi­

tormed. precipitate is
38 HOMCEOPA.TRW PHARMACEUTICS.
Preparation.for Homc:eopathic Use.-The f.urc citric ncid is
prepared by trituration, as directed under Class VI
ACIDUM FLUORICUM.
Present Names, Hydrogen Fluoride. Hydrofluoric Acid.
Fluoric Acid.
Formula, HF.
Molecular Weight, 20.
Preparation.-\Vhcn powdered f\uor spar is mixed with twice its
weight of concentrated sulphuric acid nrnl heated in n. leaden retort
whose neck fits tightly into n. _ lemlcn comlc�1si1�g t_uh_ c kept cool by a
mixture of ice nn<l salt aroun<l 1t, a colorlcss liquul d1sLds over, 1wd only
calcium sulphate is found iu the rc�ort. The clistilla�c is the so-called _
hydrofluoric acid, but as yet u?t quite pmc. I� c?mb_rncs. eagerly W(t)1
1luorides of potassium and sodium 11nd �1pou this fact its further pun �­
cation depends. By hea_ting d i:y potnss1um hydro_flu?ratc t? rcdn?55 m
a platinum still there 1s obtamcd a° colorlcss hqnHI, winch bods at
19.5 ° C. (67° F'.) and at about 12.8 C. (55 F.) hn� specific gravity
°
0.988. It unites with wnter with great violence; dissolves all ordi­
nary metals except_ gold, J.)l�tinu�, _ silve1:, m?r?ury an� lead, and ,has
a remarlrn.ble 11.flimty for silica, umtmg with 1t m even its most refra�­
tory form.
Test.-A piece of glass thinly coated with beeswax, 11.nd from
which the beeswax has been in parts removed, will, when " flowed"
with an aqueous solution of the acid, be etched or "en.ten in" where0
ever the glass has been exposed to its action. Cnution is required
when experimenting with it or using it in any way. Its vnpors arc
extraordinarily injurious to the air passages, and the liquid, if dropped
upon the skin, causes long lasting, very painful, almost incurable sores,
The first provings were made under direction of Dr. C. Hering.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-One part by weight of
pure H11oric acid is dissolved in 99 parts by weight of distilled water,
and must be preserved in gutta-percha vials.
Amount of drug power, rbu·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class V-fi, except
that distilled Mtter must be used for all dilutions to the 3 or Gx,
gutta-percha vials being employed for diluting as well as for pre­
serving.
ACIDUM FORMICICUM.
Present Name, Formic Acid.
Formula, CH 2 O�.
Molecular Weight, 46.
Origin .-The name "formic acid" is derived from that of t11e red
ant (Formica nifa), from wl�ich the acid was fir:3t obta_ine<l; it also
exists in the hairs of a catcrp11lar (Bombyx processionea), 111 some other
insects, in the needles of the pine, in stinging nettles, in old oil Qf tur-
HOi\ICEOPATliIC J'HAllMACEUTICS. 39
pent�e; it is found in minute quantity in sweat and urine, and can be
produced by the oxidation of mauy organic suhstanccs.
Preparation.-Prcforably, by heating oxalic acid with glycerine.
Pure concentrated glycerine is added to crysiallizcd oxalic acid iu a
retort. Vpon heating a_ little above_ 100� U. (2�2 ° F.) decomposition
ensues, with the product10n of carbonic oxide, wluch escapes, 11nd dilute
forµrlo aci� \vhich _ distils over. ·when th� produc�ion of the gas ccnscs,
more oxalic a�1d 1_ � acldcd aud Lhe hcatmg contmucd, upon which a
stronger formic ·ae1d passes over, and on further addition of oxalic
acid, an t1eid of constant strength is obtained. The dilute acid may be
rendered water-free hy heating dried oxalic acid in it 11nd allowing the
solutio� to cry�t11l!izc. The oxalic acid retaius_ the water, and by
decanting the hqu1<l from Lhc crystals nnd rcd1sLilling, pure formic
'dis obtained.
Pr?.perti�s.-In. the pure s�ate it is a clear, co�orless liquid, fum­
slightly m the mr, and havmg a very pcnctratmg odor; it is cor-
·ve, and upon the skin it raises blisters and .causes wounds similar
those frodu�ed b y _ hums. It h?ils 11.t 100� C. (212 ° F.) 11nd at
C: (3� F.) it solid1�cs to . rt white crystalline mass, whose specific
:v;ity IS 1.235. It m1x?5 with :,vater, :ilcohol 11n<l ether, iu all pro-
rtions, but the alcoholic solutions will be found to contain some
1yl formate.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-Onc part by "'eight of
formic acid is dissol \·eel in nine p11rts by weight of distilled w11ter
ount of drug power, r\r·
• utions must be prepared as directed under Clnss V-a.
resent Name, Gallic Acid.
onnula, 0 7 H 0 0 6 , H 2 0.
olecular Weight, 188.
rigin.-Gallic acid is found in nut-galls, sumach, hellebore root,
pomegranate root, and in many other plants.
epal'ation of Gallic Acid.-Powdcrcd galls 11.re moistened
water to a thin m11gma, and set aside for five or six weeks in t\
place; fermentation occurs and an impure gallic 11cid is one of
itlta. This is treated with three times its ,ycight of water, boiled
olv� the ga�lic i_ici?, fi I tered, and the solution set aside.to cool ;
ted galhc acid 1s collected, 'drained, pressed bet\\'ccn folds of
paper to remove any mother liquor, nnd if necessary, purified
llization from water, or by solution in hot water with animal
al. On filtering and cooliug, most of the acid sep11rates in tho
slender acicular crystals, which are white or fa\\'1.1-colorcd.
erties.-Gallic acid is in silky acicular crystals, whose t11sto
gent and weakly acid. They are \\'ithout odor.
'dis so_lll� in 100 parts of cold water and in ten parts of 90
alcoho�At the temperature of boiling \\'ater, the cryst11ls
their water of crystallization, amounting to 9.58 per cent.
40 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
When heated to about 215° C. (419 F.) they break up into pyrogallic
°
acid and carbonic oxide.
Solution of gallic acid when exposed for some time to the nir dcco111-
poses, evolving carbonic oxide and precipitating a blackish substance.
The solution of gallic acid reddens blue litmus paper.
Tests.-Gallic acid is distingl'iished from tannin by it.<i crystnlline
structure; tanuin is entirely amorphous; gnllic acid docs not prccip�
itate either nlhumeu or gelatine from_ their solu�i�>ns, as dors l'.111ni1.
! .
Preparation for Homreopath1c Use.-lhe pure gnlhe ncHl tS
prepared by tritumtim1, as directed under Clnss VII.
ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM.
Present Name, Hyclro�en Cyanide, Hy<lrocyanie Acid.
Common Name, Prussic Acid.
Formula, HCN or HCy.
Molecular Weight, 27.
Origin.-Hydrocyauic acid can be obtained from many members
of the verretn,ble kingdom; in some it exists free, in others-nnd prob·
ably the greater number-it cannot be found till after the plant,. or
part of it used for this purpose, has been crushed and treated with
water.
In these cases a nitrogenous body, Amygdnlin, is decomposer! under
the influence of a ferment, such as Emulsin or Syuaptase, present in
t,ho organic structure. . . .
.
The acid is known to exist ready formed m the JUICC of the bitter
cassava; it is obtainable from the bitter almond, the kernels of plums
and peaches, seeds of the apple, the cherry laurel, etc.
Preparation of Hydrocyanic Acid.-The usual met.hod of pre­
pn.rinrr the acid is as follows: In a small, tubul:tted retort dissolve two
ounce� of potassium ferro-cyanide in powder in ten ounces of wal-cr
nnd add one fluid ounce of sulphuric acid previously diluted with four
ouncPs of water and cooled. Transfer the solution to a glns.<i retort with
co1ule11ser and receiver attached. Place in the receh·cr eight ounces
0£' distilled w:iter (condenser and receiver must be kept cold). Apply
heat hy 111en11s of a saml bath, and distil slowly till the liquid. in the
receiver has increased to seventeen fluid ounces. Add to thrs three
ounces of distilled water, or as much as may be required to hring the
ncid to t_he standarc� -strengtl1,_ in wl�ich 100 _grai':1 s of the ac)d, precipi­
tated with a solution of silver mtrate, will yield 10 grams of dry
silver cyanide. So prepared and so diluted it is the standard hydrocy­
auic acid used in medicine.
Properties of the Medicinal Acid.-The officinal hydrocyanic
acid is a volatile liquid perfectly clear and colorless. It reacts weakly
acid to test pn,per and only temporarily. The acid has a peculiar_odor,
resemblinrr that of bitter almonds, and somewhat pungent. It 1s apt
to decom1�ose a�er being k pt 0me time, and should in all cruies be
carefully exclu<led from ligh. V.
. alcohol, less so in ether.
Tests.-As the acid is,· n when dilute, very unstable, rt should
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 41
be tested first as to its identity. To the liquid supposed to contain
HCy, is added -a few drops of a solution of ferrous sulphate, and then
potassium hydrntc in excess. After exposure to the air for fifi.cen
• minutes with frequent agitation, hydrochloric acid is added iu excess,
which dissolves the already precipitated ferrous-ferric hydrate, leav­
ing undissolved the forric ferro-cyanide or Prussian blue. If the
amount of the HCy he 111in11te, the solution so tested will, aft.er the
addition of HCl in cxCC$S, only appear green, the blue precipitate not
settling down for so111e ti111c.
• If a s1leci111eu of the acid reddens litmus paper strongly or pcr111a­
nently, s 1owi11g the pr<'sc11cc of' other ncid, it shou Id he rejc!'tcd. Su1-
phuric or hydrochloric acid, if present, may be detected h3• the bnriurn
chloride or the silver nitrate test, in the usual ,my.
The first provings wore mnde by Dr. Jllrg and his pupils.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The oflicinal hydrorranic
aoid (containing about 2 per cent. of the auhydrous acid) is inixec.i with
equal parts by weight of distilled wate1-:--
Amouut of drug (lO\\'er, Th·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class VI-(i.
ACIDUM LACTICUM,
Present Name, LncLic Acid.
Formula, C 3 H 0 0 3 .
Molecular Weight, DO.
Origin.-The acidity of sour milk depends upoJ'U10 presence of au
acid produced by the trnnsformatiou of sugar of milk into lactic acirl
y the influence of the <lecornposiug cnsein, the chief albu111111ous body
ntained in milk.
The acid may also be produced from other sugars hy the �ame for­
ent, and is found free iu mnuy vegetable substnuces i11 a st.11te of de­
mpoaitiou.
Prepar�tion of Lactic Acid.-Dis.�nlve eight pnrts nf cane sugnr
parts of water, aud to the mixture add 011c p:irt of poor cheese
ee part.s of chalk. The whole is then set aside nm! allowed to
for five or six weeks at a temperature of 26.6 ° U. (80 ° F.). The
C acid formed from the cane sugar under the influence of the
• g casein in the cheese, combines with the lime of the chalk,
g crystals of calcium lact;tte and disengaging carbonic oxide.
end of the process, the crystals arc collected, dissolved in boilc
r and recrystallized, and digested with one-third their weight
hurio acid, thus converting the lime into sulphate and setting
lactic acid:- Upou the addition of alcohol, the whole of the
eulphate is precipitated and the lactic acid dissolved; upon
• g the a'lcohol, the lactic acid remains behind.
rtles.-Lactic acid is a colorless, or very sli�htly yellowish,
transparent liquid, of syrupy consistency. It rs strongly acid
te and to litmus paper. It is soluble in all proportions in
 42 HOMIBOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
. Tests.-�fhe best me�ns of determining the identity of lactic ncid
1s by producmg some of its salts m.1d examining t h eir form under the
mit:rnsco11c. Ziuc lactate whcu dcpositc<l quickly from its solutions
s�ww� m1d�r the nii?rosc�pe needles aggregated iu S Jhcrical masses.
. \
1' or 1mpunt1es the JoJlowmg may be used: ,vhcn mixed with cqunl
volumes of alcohol and ether,a clear solution is evidence of the nhscncc
of lactates,mnnuitc,sugnr and gum. Treated with zinc oxide iu cxceRs
nnd hented, and t h cu extracted with absolute alcohol nnd the filtrate
evaporated,a sweet residue is,if present, glycerine. ..Wh en treated with
�olutious of hydrogen sulphide, bnrium c h loride, silver nitrate 1md
11n1mouium oxalate, it should give no precipitate; aud w h en heated it
s hou Id give neither the odor of acetic nor of hutyric acid. ' bent glass tube ,�it,!1 a thrcc-net:�c�l wns!1-bottlc! Juru1shcd ':1th a safet�
Prep3:rati?n fo� Hom�opathic Use.-�nc P trt by weight
. of
pure lactic acid 1s dissolved m 99 parts by weight of: alcohol.
Amount of drug power, Th-
- means of a bent tube dipping about half an inch below the s_urfoc�;
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class VI-{l.
•fluid-ounces, or th e l1qnHI has ncqu1rcd a specific gravity of 1.1�. T h e
ACIDUM MOLYBD.lENICUM.
Present Name, Molybdic tri-oxide, Molybdic Acid.
Formula, Mo 0 3 •
Molecular Weight, 144.
Preparation of Molybdic Acid.-To obtain this acid
calcine
su I p h i?e of molyb<leuum nt a red hent in nu open vessel, and n�utrnl
the nCid by means of caustic ammonia. To free it from this combiuizc
tio1!, precipitate it by nitric ?r acct!c nci_d,or expose the compou a­
nd to
a high heat, and wnsh the acid obtmnccl 111 water, dry and melt
it in a.
glass vessel or a platinum crucible.
Pr�perties.-T his is a wh ite porous, light mass, fusible, volatile
becoming yellow nt a lng _ ,
h temperature, and whito ngain on cooling
of n metallic tnstc, soluble in 570 parts of cold water. ' Hager's method iu one opcrat_ion. 4 o_ _r 5 CU. of hydruchl?ri_ c _ncid
Test.-For identification dissolve molybdic acid in ammon
dilute with water nud dilute solution of phosphoric acid. A ycllo,� ia•
precipitate indicates molybclic acid.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The pure molybcl
acid is prepnrc<l by triturntion, as directed undor Class VII. ic
ACIDUM MURIATICUM.
Synonyms.-Hydrogen Chloride. Hydrochloric Acid.
Acidum
Hydrochloridum. l\i[uriatic Acid.
Present Name, Hydrochloric Acid.
Common Name, Spirit of Salt.
Formula, HCI.
Molecular Weight, 36.5.
�rdiu:iry murin.tic acid is a solution of HCl gas in water. It 1s,
n.t tunes, erroneously called liq1iid murintic acid but aqueous muriat
acid would be a better term. ' io
Oril={in.-Hydrochloric acid occurs free among the gases emanat
ing
JlO�liliOP,\ Tl!IC l'J IAlDIACIW'l'ICS. 4.3
from active volcanoCR,and sometimes in tl1c spring aud river waters of
volcanic districts. Co111111crcinlly it is always prepared by the decom­
position of sodium c h loride and of ammonium t: hloridc.
Preparation of Muriatic _Acid.;--"Takc of �hlori?e of sodi�m,
dried, forty-eig h t 01111� es ('.wom�upo1s); sulph�mc acid, forty-fo_ur
fluid-ounces; water, tl11rty-s1x flu1d-ou11c_c.s; d1s_t11lcd watc �, fifl.y flu1d­
ounces. Pour th e sulp h uric acid slowly mto tlnrt):-two flllld-oun_ccs o�
the water and when the mixture hns cooled, add 1t to the chlondc of
sodium p�·eviously introduced into a flask haYing the capacity of nt
least one gallon (imp. measure). Connect the _fins(, by c?rks an� a
tube, and contnmmg _th e remammg four fluHl :ounccs of the water ,
then, applying l:ent to t h e flask, conduct _ tl)c d1seng�g�d gflB through
the wash-bottle, 1JJto a second bottle conta1111ng the d1st11led water, by
and let the process .he . continued �ntil t h e Jl!"<!duct 1�cnsu1:es s1xty-s1x
·bottle containin� the distilled water must be kept cool dunng the
whole operation.' (Ilr. P.) . . . . .
Properties. of the Pure Ac1d.-Officmal. munat1c nc1d, when
pure, is a transparent col ?rlcss liq_uid,h�ving a _ suff?�1ting odor nnd cx­
'fremely corrosive properties. lt fumes 111 the :ur. � he st�ongest hydro­
chloric acid, specific gravity 1.2�, cout�.ins 43 J!Cr _cent. of HCI gns, nnd
upon heating evolves the latter till specific grnv1t.,Y 1s rc_clnced t? 1)0 n,!<l
the liquid contains �O per cent. of the gns. After tlus the liquid dis-
tils over unchanged.
.
Tests.-Chiefly to determine t h e presence or nbsc_ncc of_ arscmc,_sul­
phurous and sulphuric ncids, _free e h !urine,nitrous ox�dcs, zmc nud iron
chlorides. Th e test for nrsc111c nod for sulp h urous nc1d mny be done hy
are placed in a test tube, and dilute? "·!t h an cqu�l volume of distilled
water. A piece of chemically pure zmc 1s dr?ppcd JUt? the test !ube and
the la.tttlr loosely closed by a co�·k, into t h e mtcrn�il face ot: wl11ch have
been inserted two strips of filtenng piLper, one n_101stcncd with lead acc­
te solution the ot h er wit h silver nitrntc solution. Should the latter
blackened, the presence of arscuic is indicated; if the lend paper
ows a darkening, sulphurous ncid is present. . .
Dilute with two volumes of distilled water nucl·tcst for sulphuric acid,
means of barium chloride solution; a white precipitate, insoluble in
·o acid, shows sulphuric acid; for free c hlorine or nitrous �xidcs, by
·of starch and potassium iodide solution, a hlue colorat1on shows
er free chlorine or nitrous oxides present, or perhaps both. Iron
be detected by potassium sulphoc ynnidc solution,_ n sli�ht addition
1,ich will cause a red coloration. Upon cvnporatmg a few drachms
e acid in a platinum dish, the absence of nny residue shows ah-
of salts, including those of the nbovc metals.
. .
e first provings were made under IIn h ncmnnn, s d1rect1ons..
tparation for H�mreop�thic ?� e--:-One pa_rt by weight of
uriatic acid (specific gravity 1.16) 1s <l1ssoh·ed 1n two parts by
t of distilled water.
44 HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Amount of drug power, "f'lr·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class V-a..
ACIDUM NITRICUM.
Synonym, Aqua Fortis.
Present Names, Hydrogen Nitrntc. Nitric Acid.
Formula, HNO 3 •
Molecular Weight, 63.
Nitric acid, of the specific gravity 1.420.
Nitric acid is never found free in nature, except in very minute
nmoL�nt. But in combin�tion wi�h n bas?, it is found in the_ vegct1tblc
an�! 111 great abundance m the mmcrnl kmgdom. ,vheu mtrogcnous
an1mnl substnuces undergo decomposition, ammonia is formed, and in
the prcscn cc of water 11;11c! a �asc, oxidation �n.sues, with the pro­
_ and many lichcus. It is also fourHl in cousidern.blc (]Uant,ity in gunno
duction of water and 111tr1c ncHl; the latter umtmg with the base a
�it1:ate results. By treating the uitrnte with sulphuric acid, nitric n�id
1s displaced a!1d set fre�, a�d at �he same time n sulphate is formed.
Preparation of N1tnc Ac1d.-Ou n small scale in the lnborn­
tory, nit1:ic acid is prepared by distilling potassium �itrnte with nu
equal weight of concentrated sulphuric acid. The capacity of the re­
tort should be such that the mixture will not more than two-thirds
fill i�. As _soon as the acid has well soaked into the nitre, a grndu­
ally mcrcasmg heat may be applied by means of the sand-bath when
the acid will distil over. At the beginning and towards the encl' of the
opemtion the retort becomes filled with a red vap'or. This is clue to
th? d�composition, by heat, of� portion of the colorless vapor of nitric
acHI, 111to water, oxygen and mtrogen tctroxiclc.
General Properties.-The strongest nitric acid obtainable has a
s?ccific gnwit Y, 1.52, a!id is _ u�t cn.tircly water-[rec, ·containing about
; _
1D per cent. Ihe off1cmal 111tnc acid of the Umted States and British
rlrn�·macopmias hns �pecific gravity 1.42; it is a colorless, transparent
hqu1d and at the ord11.1nry atmospheric pressure ' ha.� a definite'boiling
point, 120.5° C. (2-!9 ° F.).
The acid is _s�ronf?ly corros ive. :i;nncr the influence of light it suf­
fers clccompos1t1on from the ltbernt1on of oxygen and the formation of
thc_ lowcr_ oxides of ni �rogen, which latter impart a yellow color to it.
A1_11mal tissues arc stamcd permanently yellow by it, from the picric
acid produced. .Many vegetable matters arc transformed by it into
violcntl;' explosive bodies.
The first provings were made under Hahnemann's directions.
Tests.-The acid, diluted with two volumes of distilled water
should give no precipitate when treated with barium nitrate or silvc;
ni�rnte in so)ution,_ otherwise the prcsen�e of sulphuric or hydrochloric
ncHI, respcct1vely, 1s shown. ,vhen agitated in a test tube with chlo­
rofor !11 and afterwitrd treated with hydrogen sulphide it should
ren�m1� col�rless; a reddening
_ �n th� first case indicates the presence
of wdme, m the latter of 10d1c acHl. It should evaporate without
residue,
HOMCEOPA'l'I-IIC PB ARM ACEU'l'lCS. 45
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-Onc part by weight of
pure nitric acid (specific gravity 1.42) is dissolved in nine parts by
weight of distilled water.
Amount of drug power, 1 10- .
Dilutions must he prepared as directed under Class V-a.
ACIDUM OXALICUM.
Present Na�es, Hydrogen Ox:1.late. Oxalic Acid.
Formula, l1 2 U 2 O 4, 2H 2 O.
Molecular Weight, 12tj,
Origin and Formation.-Oxalic ari<l is found in combination
with iro �1 iu the 111ineral J lumholdtite, in the vcgctnhlc king dom, com­
bined mth potn�si11111 in Oxa/is, Rmne.1; and their nllics, with sodium in
Salicornia and Solsola anrl their relatives, and with calcium in rhubarb
in combination with ammonia and calcium. It c1u1 be produced i11·ti'.
ficially by _the oxiclntion of many organic non-nitrogenous bodies.
Preparation.-Oxalic acid is 111nnufiteturcd on a large scale by
oxidizing saw-dust with a mixture of potni<sium hydrate aud sodium hy­
drate. lt is found that the latter will not produce oxalic acid "·ithout
the presence of the former, and to use this alone would be too expensive.
A mixture is made of one part, by their m/lccular weights, of the
potassium to two parts of the sodium hydrnte. '!'he solution should hnYc
specific gravity 1.3ii. It is then made into a thick paste with saw-dust,
and heated upon iron plates for several hours. The water in the allrn­
line hydrate is decomposed, hydrogen i& given off; nnd the oxygen
converts the wo0<l into oxalic acid. On treating the mass with cold
water a quantity of sodium oxalate is left undissolved; this is boiled
with calcium hydrate, thus forming sodium hydrate and calcium oxa.­
late, the latter being ini::oluhlc. The calcium oxalate is now decom­
posed with dilute sulphuric acid, the sparingly soluble calcium sulphate
being produced. This is removed, and the solution on evaporation
yields crystals of oxalic acid.
Properties.-Oxalic acid scparntrs from a hot aqueous solution in
colorless trnusparcnt crystals derived from an oblique rhombic prism.
They are easily soluble in water and alcohol; are without odor nnd
have an intensely acid taste. "'ith a slight increase of tcmpcrnture
they lose their water of crystallization and c1:unrhlc to a white powder.
At a high tcmpcrnturc, a part decomposes into carbon monoxide, car­
bon di-oxide and water, another pnr. t into carbon di-oxide and formic
acid, and a thin! part suhlimcs unchanged.
The remedy wns first introduced by Dr. Koch, Sr.
Tests.-Thc dryness of the crystals.will show the absence of sul­
phuric, nitric and ;:acchnric acids; upon incinerating in a platinum
dish the absence of ash will indicate freedom from mineral salts; a spe­
cial test for nitric acid, if present, is indigo solution; for sulphuric acid,
barium chloride; extraneous organic·matters, will he evidenced by their
carbonization ,rhcu the crystals arc heated with sulphuric acid.
 ROM<EOPA'l'HIC PHARMACEU'l'ICS.
47
40 DOMCEOPA'l'HIC PHARMACEU'l'ICS.

ACIDUM PICRICUM.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Thc pure oxnlic ncid is
prcpnrcd by triturntio11, ns directed under Class VIL Present Name, Picric Acicl.
henol.
Synonyms, CarbazoLic acid.. Tri-nitrop
ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. Formula, lIU 0 11 2 (N0 2 )3 0.
Molecular Weight, 22!). n-prnduct resulting from
Present Names, 0 l:u.: iitl Phosphoric Acid. Mono-Hydrogen Preparation.-Picric ncid is nn ox idntio nic suhstnuces, f'uch ns
orga
. Phosphate. Mnta.-1 'hoHphoric Acid. the action or nitric :tcid upon certnin n, the rrsin of Xantlwrrha;ci
Formula, lll'Oa· iudi�o, silk, salicin, cournarin, phlorizdi t economically p rcpnrrd from
mos
Molecular Weight, 80. hab ltlis, aloes, stornx, bcuzoin, clc. lt is is grt1(l11nlly nddl•d to stron!-(
Preparation of Phosphoric Acid.-It is usu11lly ob tnincd by One ptu·t, of t. h latte r
carbolic acid.
c
h is violent, s11hsiclcs, three
treating honril h1 1 rnccl tn ll'hitcncss, with 11u equal weight of' sulphuric nitric acitl, nnrl when t.he rractiuu, whic n1 tl Lhc whole hoilcd till uitrous
c 11ci1l arc ncldc d 1
llci d. The himc nsh is decomposed into calcium sulphate which is in­ parts of f11111ing nitri given oil: Upon cooling, lhc picric ncid will be
�olt1hlc 1 and caleit1111 :uul magnes ium phosphates nud phosphoric acid, fumes arc uo long er
vccl they mny be further p uri ­
which arc left in solution. After filtration the liquid is ncutrnlizc<l found in crystalf!, nncl after being rc111ofrom a solutiou in alcohol nfter
with an11 11oniu111 carbonate or hydrate, which u nites with nn y sulphuric fied by redissolving nnd rccrystnlli ziug
n.cid that may he present, nnu pre cipitates the phospha tes !Ll,uvc 111cn­ n prcli111i11 nry washing in cold ll'nter. bright yellow, glistening, crys-
tionccl 1 and also for111s with the phosphoric acid ammouiu111 phosphate. Properties.-l'icric acid exists iu
hns no intensely biller taste.
After removing the precipi ta ted phosphates the l iquid is. evaporated t.nlliuc scales. J t is without. o<lor, but lo a yellow fluid, which, on
to drync!'S and hcntcd to rc1lncss in a platinum vessel. Ammonium U pou gruclunl heating the cryst als melt
ra idly heatcd they sub·
SLilphntc is driven on; ammonium phosphate is deprived of its cooling, l,ccomcs erystallinc ngnin. ·when pfumes. They nre sp ar­
nmmonin, nnd n1rtn-phosphoric acid •is left. The product still contains lime with the formation of yello w suflh c ntiug
in hoiling wntcr, and cos ily
some :Lm111onia, nncl n. better process for obtaining the ac id perfectly ingly soluble in cold ll'ntcr, more read ily The solut ion in benzol i s
pure is as follows: Bum phosp horus, found free from sulphur, in 1t in alcohol, ether, chlor oform , l,cnz ol, etc.
color is a br ight yellow nad
is
two-nec krrl �la.<1.� globe, t hrough which a current of dry air is p:t!l:l1•d colorlcss; in nil the others unm·cd the othe nnim nl tiss es.
skin and u
imf>_nrted permanently to silk, " ool, the
r
continuously. The oxide resulting is converted into the glac inl nci<l
1868, Inter in America by Dr.
by 1uldiiiou of water and subsequent fusion in a platinum vcs.scl. First proven by I'nrisel, of Pnris, iu
Properties.-Glacial pho:iphoric acid is in colorless, ice-like, trnns­ L.B. Couch. ntioned
111incd from the nhovc-mc
parcui nrnsses, which arn very hygros copic, and soluble in water and Tests.-1 ts ide1 1lity 111ny he dctcr ion of it n solut ion of
dropping into n hot solut
m nlcoh1>l; the solution hns n strongly acid reac tion aud tnste. chnracteristic•R, nml by red color from
t.he liq id beco mes of' a deep
Tests.-Artcr saturnLlon with hydrogen sulphide no precipitate potnssium cy111 1idc, ll'hcn u
be
shoul1l occur even af'tcr 1i long time (absence of arsenic nud metals). the formation 111' iH 1111rp
0 ur11tc of' pol11Fsiu11 1. Pieri c ncirl may crntc ;
cinlly nitre 11ml sodiu m p i
Treated with intli�n solut.ion and with potnss ium permanganate soln­ aclulteratccl wit.h clillerrnt, :::alls, espc . All t,hci;c 1mhHl:11 1<·rs will re­
tiun, 110 decolol'll.tmn should take pince (absence of nitric nnd phos­ nlsn with ox11lic nl'id 11 11d horn cic ncid
dried anti powrlcrcu picric ncid
phorus acids). Upon heating some fragment.s of the fused ncid in a mni11 ns a rC'�icluc l'rnm :i solution of'
strong snl11t.i11n of' pota!l.�i11111 hyd rnte, the odor of ammonia will rcvc11l in 150 volu 11 1rs of hen zinc .
.-One pnrt hy weight o{
the prcsPnc<·, if' any, of' tlmt body. Iloile<l with six volumes of dis­ Preparation for Homreopathic Use
ne parts by weight. of distilled
tillc<l wa ter, and adding strong nitric acid, upon adding in cxcC'ss pure picric acid is dissolved in ninety-ni
strong :tm1 11011i11111 hydrntc a whi te pre cipitate indicates magnesiu111 or water.
1du111i11i111 11. If' a fresh po rtion of the above solution be treated with A 111ount of dru� power, rl"!f• u nder Class V-�­
absolute alcohol in large excess, no t urbidity should occur. Dilut.ions 11111st he prcpnrcd ns di rected prcpnrcd n.s directed under
The drug wns first, pro,•011 nuder Ilnhnemann's direction. Triturntions of t.hc pure picri c a c id arc
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-One part by weight . Class VIL
of purified glacinl phosphor ic n cid is dissolved in ninety parts by
weight of distilled watrr, nnd then nrc added ten parts of nlcohol.
Amount of dru� power, rh• l\Cnrk 2x. ACIDUM SALICYLICUM.
Dilutions m ust be prepared na directed under Clllll8 V-/J. Present Name, Salicylic Acid.
Formula, C 1 H 8 Oa·
Molecular Weight, 138.
48 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Origin.-Salicylic acid is found free in the flowers of Sp irrea
nlmaria, und ns mcthylsalicylic ncid, in the ethereal oil of Gmtllhcrin
procmnbcns; it cnn be formed by the oxidation of snlicin, c11lllarin,
indigo.
Preparation.-Salicylic acid is made 011 o. large scale synLhcti­
c:dly, by causing n. rearnrngcmcnt of the elements of a molcc11lc of'
carbonic oxide and one of carbolic acicl, so as to form a new 111ulce11le,
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 49
and in wines and fcrrncntcrl liquors, being formed during the produc­
tion of sugar. It is also ohtninahlc from calcium malntc iu the pres­
ence of de_composiug casein, as well as from Lartra�cs, etc.
Preparation.-In a short-ne?kcd glass rct?rt IS rlaecd dry amber,
broken to a coarse powder, uutil the rctort_ 1s half fill�d; �he latter
after being conucctcd with a large receiver, 1s° deeply buried m a sand­
bath and the heat grndually raised till 280 C. (�36 F.) is rcnc!1cd.
°

thns, C 0 l [ 0 0 + C 0�= () 7 lI 0 0 3 • The 1rese11cc of iootli11111 RPc111s to The temperature is kept at this p�int as long as wl11tc vapors are given
he nccess:try, nml the prnccs.� is practit'al \ y ns follows: lJry sodiurn off. The white vapors condc11sc rn the w _ ?ll c�olcd rcemvc� tu ': dark
cnrbolntc is placed in a retort and dry cnrhonic oxide is c:nuscd Lo pass yellow acid fluid, w � 1ich consi� ts of succ � n1e acid, som? acct•? acid and
through it, not too rapidly; ns soon ns this is brgun the tempcrnturc is water, upon the surface of wluc_h floats oil or a!nber. The g1 cater part
rai:cd to 100 ° C. (212° F). The pas: age of the gns �till continuing, of the succinic ncid condenses 111 crystals W1th111 the ucck of the rcto�t.
the temperature is rnisccl very slowly so that iu the course of i:cvcral After the apparatus has bccoi:ic c�>0l, the crystnls ni:e �ollected, dis­
ho11r::1180 ° C. is reached, nud finally fro111 220 ° to 250 ° C. ( 426 °--l86 ° F.). solved in hot water, the solution filtered through filtermg paper, to
The operation is cue.eel when no more carbolic acid comes over. The separate any adhering oil of amber, and the filtrate evnpornted, when
rcsicluc in the retort contnins sodium carbonate 1111d i111purc sodiulll sali­ the acid crystallizes out. . .
. . . . .
cylatc. It is dissolved iu watilr, decomposed with hydrochloric acid, Properties.-Thc offic111al succ1111c 11c1t ! 1s not p ure; it forms )Cl-
rccrystnJlized, and then further purified by re-solution and treatment low or greyish-yellow crystals, permanent 111 tl � e mr. They have the
.
with animal charco1il. odor of oil of nmbcr and nn empyreumat1c acid taste. Except that
Properties.-Pure salicylic acid is in loose masses of small, fine, their solutions in water nnd alcohol arc not colorlcss, they behave as
col orless needles, white nnd lustrous. They fuse nt 159 ° C. (318.2 ° F.). do the crystals of the pure ncid. The pure acid is odorlcss and is in
° °
By carefully heating they sublime unchanged, but if heated rapidly colorless transparent, or white crystals. They _ melt at 180 C. (356 F.),
_
they decompose into carbolic acid and carbon di-oxide. They arc are soluble in 20 parte of water at o ! ·d11111ry tc �peraturcs, nnd 111_ 2
soluble in 700 parts of cold water, readily in boiling water, alcohol parts of boiling water; they arc readily soluble III alcohol, but with
nncl ether, and lmve a sweetish sou1· taste, nn<l rccl<lcn blue litmus difficulty in ether. . . .
. . .
paper. Tests.-A solution of succm1c acid, ncutrnhzcrl with ammon1n nnd
First proven by Dr. Lewi, in Germany. treated with ferric chloride, gives n brown-re�! preci1?it!'te. If acetic
Tests.-Salicylic acid in watery solution, when treated with ferric acid be present, it may be <letcctcd �JY the wlnte prcc1p1tatc_ produced
chloride solution, gives rise to an intense violet color. The purity of in eoncentmtcd solution, by potas.<i1um 1icctate; �xalic nc1d, �y tl�c
the acid is shown by its difficult solubility in cold water, its ready and white :precipita� when trcat�d :vith ?alcium c!1lonrle; sul\Jhur1c nc1<l
complete solution in alcohol, and the bchavior of the dry acid when by barmm chlondc. Upon mcmcrat1on no res1�luc should JC �c!'t. .
gently and carefully heated in a test tube. Even before the melting Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Thc pure succm1c acid
point is reached the aci1! bc �ins to snblime in beautiful needles, mul at is prepared by trituration, us directed umlcr Clnss VII.
a higher temperature is dissipated without residue. Carbolic acid, if
present, will be detected by the bromine-water test. lt is unnffocw<l
by barium chloride. ACIDUM SULPHURICUM.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use. The pure salicylic acid Present Name Hydrogen Sulphate. Sulphuric Acid.
is prepared by trituration, ns directed under Class VII. Common Nam�s, Sulphuric Acid. Oil of Vitriol.
Formula, H 2 80 4•
ACIDUM SUCCINICUM. Molecular Weight, 98. . . .
Origin.-Sulphuric acid do� not ex1st_ m nat�re 111 the fr�c state,
Present Name, Succiuic Acid. except in the waters of some sprmgs and m the R.10 \io.rngre 1� South
Formula, 0 1 H 0 0 4, America; but ns sulfbate it is found in many mmerals, and JO both
Molecular Weight, 118. vegetable and anima organisms. . . . . .
Origin .-Succiuic acid is found ready-formed in amber, from which Preparation.-,Vhcn sulphur 1s burn�d m the air or m ?xygcn, it
hy hcat.in17 iu iron retorts, it may be readily obtained. It is also found combines with two atoms of oxygen, for!nmg sulphurous ox1�e; upon
in some of the resins of coniferous trees, in Artemesia, Lactucci, etc. It is solution in water and exposure to the mr? the sulphu_rous .oxide takes
among the products of the actiou of nitric acid upon most fatty and up an additional atom of oxygen, producmg sulphur!c oxide. In the
waxy substances; it is found in small quantity in various animal fluids, presence of water each of these oxides becomes an acid. The process
4
 GO HOMCEOPA'rHlC Pi-IARMACEUTICS.,
above outlined i s complicated when the need of ox i di zing sulph11rous
oxide rapidly, is brought into the problem. For this purpose nitric
acid, which gives up readily a part of its oxygen, is used, and in the
form of one of the lower oxides of nitrogen acts ns the oxygen carrier.
The whole process is substantially ns follows: Iu a furnace sulphur is
burned, or iron pyrites is ronsted; the product of the combustion o£
the sulphur is led into a leaden chamber couuectcd ll'ith the funmcc,
together with atmospheric air and the uitrogcu tctroxiclc gas resulting
from the dccomposition of a nitrate placed iu a part of the fu rnacc. The
N 2 O" gives up two atoms of O to two molecules of' S 02, th11s forming
two molec11les of S 0 3 • A current of atmospheric air is clrall'n sloll'ly
thro11gh the clmmber, from which the N 2 0 2 takl'S tll'u nloms of
oxygen and is thereby reconverted into N 2 0 4 n11cl i,; ready to oxicli7.C
anew two fresh molecules ofSO 2 •. And so the process contiuues. To
transform the S 0 3 into H 2 S 0 4 stca. 111 is blown into the chamber nt
various points, and from it the required H 2 O is ohtaiucd. Special
arrangements are used by which loss of the nitrogcu oxides is avoided.
The sulphuric ncid as it is formed falls to the floor or the chamber, or
condensing on its walls trickles doll'n, and is allowed to accumulate till
its specific gravity is 1.5; then it is drawn off, eonccnlrntcd in leaden
pans until the specific gravity is 1.7, and is further concentrated in
vessels of glnss or platinum until its maximum specific gravity, 1.85, is
reached.
Properties.--Sulphuric ncid is a dense, oily, colorless li<1uid, 1uHI
when of specific gravity 1.85, coutains forty parts of sulphuric anhy­
dride aud nine of H 2 0. It has n. remarlmble afli.nity for water, with
which it unites, with the evolution of great heat; it takes the ele­
ments forming water, from any substance contniuing them and hence
its destructive action upon all organiied bodies, most of which it chars,
i. e., leaving only their carbon behind. At the temperature -20 ° C.
(-! ° F.) it solidifies, and at 327° C. (620 ° F.) it boils nnd may he
distilled. Its salts are called sulplmtrs; the n11 1·1md snlphntes arc nil
soluble in water, except those of. the alk1tli11c cnrths. ln order to oh­
tniu it chemically pure it must be rcdistillcd, nut! the process is not
suitable Lo the pharmaceuti cal laboratory.
The ncid was first proven by Hnhnemnnn.
Tests.-Commercially pure sulphuric acid should always be tested
for arsenic, sulphurous acid, the lower acids of the nitrogen series nnd
lead. Sulphates of the alkalics, of the earths and of mctn.ls nrc proven
abscut, if upon mixing the acid with four volumes of alcohol and scttiug
the mixture aside for an hour, no precipitate occurs-the m i xture re­
maining perfectly clear; sulphurous acid is absent if the diluted acid,
upon treatment with indigo solut ion, or solution of potassium per111nn­
ganate, docs not discharge the color of the test. Arsenic and lead will
be detected by the yellow prccipitnte in the first named, by the blackish
one in the secoud, when the acid largely diluted is treated with hydro­
gen sulphide.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Onc part by weight of
pure sulphuric acitl, specific gravity 1.843, is dissolved in nine part!!
• by weight or distilled water.
·. IIOMCEOPA'rfIIC PHARMACEU'l'ICS.
Gl
·· Amount of drug power, r'-o-·
- Dilutions must be prepared as direct
. ed under Clpss V-a.
-ACIDUM TANNICUM.
Synonyms, Di-Gallic Acid. Gallo-Tannic Acid.
Present Name, Tannic Acid. Tannin.
For�ula, C 14 H 10 0
0•
Molecular Weight, :J22.
Origin and Varieties.-Thc tannins are
of plant.a and arc widely distributed throughoutthe a1,tringcnt principles
the vcgcrahlc kin�dom.
Most of them are glucosidcs of gallic acid.
The
�o-tannio ncid U.S. l'., is properly, when pure, ollicinal t.1111nin, or
the tannins have the power of precipitating gelati di-gallic acid. A II
their solutions, and ferric salts nrc thrown down byn and albumen from
:cipitate. With the ferric salts the tanui11s from them ns a dark prc­
,tea pl ant gi ve greenish prccipilntcs, while tanni ki 110 , c.1tcchu nnd the
'.a: ·blue-black precipitate. Gallo-tm1 11ic acid n from galls produces
or
• ied in large quautity from nut-galls, and to thisdi-gallie acid is ob­
. looks for the officinnl preparation. source the pharmn-
'P.reparation.-" Expose the powdered galls
to
;lwo or three days, and afterwards ndd sufficient a damp atmosphere
� Let this stand in a well closed vessel for ether to form a soft
twenty-four hours,
having quickly enveloped it in a linen cloth, subm
in a suitable press so 11s to soparntc tire liquid it it to strong
. the pressed cake to n powder, mix it with suffie portion. Re-
icnt
'-tteenth of its bulk of water has been added, to ether, to which
form again a soft
; and press this as heforc. l\Iix the cxprcisscd
iixture to spontaneous evaporation until, by theliquid aid
s and expose
·little heat, it has acquired the cousistcncc of a soft suhsc queutly
it on earthen plates or dishes, and dry it in a hot-aiextract; then
lperature not exceeding 212° F."-Br. P. r chambe1· at
1perties.-Ofli.cioal tnnnic ncid is i11 pale yellow
,, faintlr Iustrous and without odor; is rendily solublamorphous
LCOhol; msolublc in absolute ether. 'L'he sol 11 tio11s e in water
·paper. A not too dilute solution gives precipitatesrcdd P11 blue
1, sulphuric and hydrochloric acids, with the salts with phos-
and of the heavy metals. It.s well known coagu of the alkali
lating power
1umen, gelatin and allied animal substnuces, uml nlso
the
' Jcipitate produced by it with ferric salts, uccd ouly blue­
ted. to be
:-It should be complctnly soluble in flA.Q pnrts of
cold dis­
ir, forming a yellow-brown solution tolerably clear; it
lear solution in ten parts of 90 per cent. alcohol, and should
ion is added half its volume of ether no noteworthy when to
no precipitate, should occur. turbidity,
•ation for Homreopathic Use.-The pure tannic acid
is
:l?Y trituration, as directed under Class VII.
52 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. HOMCEOPATlllC PHARMACEUTICS. 53

ACIDUM TARTARICUM. ACIDUM URICUM.

Present Name, Tartaric Acid. Synonym, Lith ic Acid.
Formula, 0 4 H 0 Oe, Present Name, Uric Acid.
Molecular Weight, 150. Formula,C�N 4 U 4 O3- . . ·
.
Origin.-It occurs in grnpes, pine npplcs, tamarinds and several -Tbis acid is a product of the n111111al orgamsm, bemg nc �t
Origin.
1s
other fruits. The tartaric acid of commerce is prepared .from crude to the last of a succession of oxidation processes whose final outcome
�rtnr, '.1-n impure. �cid-potassium-tartrntc, whic)1 is precipitated from moo.
formentmg grape-Juice by the alcohol produced 111 the process. · Preparation of Uric Acid.-It may be prc1�arcd _ fro�1 I 1um1111
Preparation of Tartaric Acid.-"Tnkc of acid tnrtrntc of potash nrine by concentratio11 nud addition of hydrochlonc �ctd; it crystnl­
forty-fivc ounces; distilled water a sutl-icicncy; prepared chalk, twcl vc lizee out after some time in the form of small, rcdJ1sh, trnnslucent
aud a half ounces; chloride of calcium, thirteen nud a half ounces; �. very difficult to purify. It is_ more readily ?htaincd from the
s ulphuric acid, thirteen Huid ounces. Boil the ncid tnrtratc of putnsh solld white excrement of serpcuts, wh ich can be cas1!y procurcd,,Il11s � n�
w!th_ two gnllous of the ;vater, and add grndually the chalk, constnutly which consists alm o st entirely of uric acid aml _ a mmo111u m _ mate.
the
st1rrmg. ·when the cflervcscencc has ceased, ndd the chloride uf cal­ is reduced to powder, and boiled in dilute solution of caustic potash; p h?s­
cium dissolved in two pints of the wntcr. ·when the tartmtc of lime liquid, filtered from the residue o f fccu lent _ m ntt ? r all( ( earthy
a lcw
has subsided pour off the liquid, and wnsh the tartrntc with distillecl phates, is mixed with excess of hydro�hlonc acid, boil�d for
hed
w.ater unt_il it is ren_dered tasteless. Pour the sulphuric ncid, first minutes and left to cool. The product 1s collected on a hltcr, wus
diluted with three pints of the water, on the tartrntc of lime; mix until fr�e from p o tassium chlorid e, and dric � by g � utlc _ h eat. .
l11tc
thoroughly,_ boil for haH'.an-hour with repented stirring, nud filter Properties.-Uric acid, thus obtained, 1� a. ghstcnmg, snm�- wseen
th�ough calico.. Evapo�ate �he filtrate at a gentle heat until it ac­ powder, tasteless, ino<lorous, nnd very sparmgly soluble. It 1ss. �t
quires . the specific grn.v1ty of 1.21, allow it to cool, and then separate under the microscope to consist of minute, but regular crystal
out apparent dcc?mpo�1-
aml reJcct the crystals of su)phatc of lime whic)1 have formed. Again
_ · dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid with ·
evaporate the clear liqu or till a film forms on its sui.face nncl nllow it tion, and is prccipi �tcd by �lilut\ on with wat c: �y destruct1yc -�hs­
t ? cool and crystallize. Lastly, purify the crystals by s�lution, ·filtra­ tillo.tiop, uric acid yields cyanic acid, hydroc yan_ ic acid, . carl?on c_liox1de,
t10n (if n ecessary) and recrystalli.mtion."-Br. P. and black coaly rcs1d1:1e , nch 111 mtrogcn .
ammonium carbonate, 11
1tc, cy�n­
Properties.-Ta.rtnric acid is in obli<] uc rhombic prisms, transpar­ By fusion with p ota..«siurn hydrate, it yields �otass1u111_ �a.rbo111_ whic
ent and colorlcss. They arc soluble in three-quarters of their own weight e. Uric acicl is remark nblc for the fac1ht) : with_ h
ate and cyanid 1te nrnl
of cold water, and in three pn.rts of alcohol; insoluble in ether chloro­ it is altered by oxidizing agents , and the great numbe r of d c fiu _
_ ent111g the
form and hcnzin. The soluLions urc strongly acid in reactio�, and if crysto.llizable compounds obtnincd in tl11_s mnn11c!·• or hy t1:ug agcnui,
kept, unlc..« s they are very strong, deposit a fungous growth and are immediate products of oxidation with acids, alkahcs, recluc1
found to contain acetic acid. etc. ·
The substance was first proven by Dr. Nc1111ing, a contemporary of Tests.-Uric acid is perfectly "'?II c)1n!·actc:1zc · d, C\'CII w1 1cn . ·111
J [nhnemaun. very small quantity, by its bchavi or with 111tr1c acid. A s111�\I portion
Cl)J >SUlc
Tests.--Sevcrn.l crystals of tho acicl nrc to be dissolved in twice mixed with 11 drop or two of nitric acicl in a. s_mall p_orc�1sl11111 _ c n11t1011 sly
their weight of distilled water, by repeated agitation; n similar amount dissolves with copio us c ff c rvcscc ncc. "\Vhc n th1s _ s? lullon
of the acid is to be treated with four times its weight of 97 or 98 per and, aft e r the adc t1on of a. l1 � tlc water,
aporated nearly to dryness, . h
called
cent. alcohol. In both cases the solutions should be clear nncl com­ ed with a slight excess of ammomn, a magcnl,n-red tmt
plete. The watery solution is to be diluted with its own volume of rexide is immediatcl.y produc ed. .
distilled water, and p ortions of it arc to be tested by hydrogen sulphide reparation for Homceopath1c Use.-Thc pure uric acid is
for metals, by ammonium oxalate solution for calcium compounds, and �d by trituration, as directed u n clcr Class VII.
for sulphuric acid by the barium nitrate test. By heating, the acid
f
C'arbonizes, giving of the odor of burnt sugar, and the carbonaceous
11mtter is finnlly consumed without residue.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The pure tartaric acid onym, Aconitum Napellus, Li,11n.
is prepared by trituration as directed under Class Vll. at. Ord., Ran unculacero. .
mmon Names, Monkshood. vVolfsbanc. Acon_1tc. .
e genus M onkshood is spread all over E1;1 r ope, � 1thcr g rowmg
_ n s for
eously in the mounta�n distnct.c;, or cult1rntcd m g�rde _ era,
• on. Th ough all species p ossess more o r less narcotic po"
54 JlO�lmOl'ATHIC PHARMACEU1'ICS.
it is, notwithslnn,ling, by no means indifferent from which we drnw 011r
exceedingly important medicine. Experience hns declared itself for
the above stated species and exclusively for the plnnt growing wilcl,
which is indigenous to the Swiss, Carinthinn nn<l Styrian Alps, the l'yr­
cnces, the Dauphiny, the mountains of Silesia, Dn.vnrin. nnd the llart;r..
The herbaceous :um11nl 8tcm of aconite starts from an clnnl-{atcd conil'al
tubero11s root two to four inches long, nnd so111ct.i111l's an inch in t.hick­
ncss. This root tapers off in a long tail wit.Ii n11nH•ro11;; l,rn11l'hi11g­
rnotlcts from its sides. The dried rnot is more ur l<•f's crn,i<:al or tapl'r­
i11g, enlarged and knotty at the s11n1111it,, which i;; cn111·1wd with the
hasc of the stem; it is from twu to fo11 r inchcs long, :wd fron, a ha If' Lo
one inch thick. The t11ber-likc portion of' the root is lllOrc slender,
much shrivelled longitudinally, a.n<l beset with the prominent bnses of
rootlets. The stem is upright, three to four foet high, ro1111dish-angu­
latc and in it,s upper half clothed with sprcnding dark green lcavc•s,
,Yhich arc paler on their under side, long-pctiolcd nud fivc-louc'.1, the
lobes deeply two to five cleft. The uppermost leaves arc lllorc s11nplc
thnn the lower. The stem is crowned with the bcn.utif'nl raceme of
dark violet helmet-shaped flowers. The root is dark brown, and when
dry breaks wit,h a short fracture, showing a white aud farinaceous, or
brnwnish or grey iuuer suhstaucc, sometimes hollow in its ccutrc. A
transverse section of 11. souD<l root shows n pure white central portion,
somewhat stm·-slntpcd and haviDg seven or eight rays or points. By
this it nmy be di(forentiated from the root of Aco11itu111 cammarum,
whose central portion is more distinctly five-pointed.
Introduced into our l\'Iatcrin. l\fcdica by Hn.hnemaun.
Preparation.-In the flowering time, June and July, the entire
plant, except the root, is chopper! and pounded to a pulp, enclosed in
a, piece of new linen and subjected to pressure. The expre.,oSed juice is
then, by brisk ngitation, mingle<! with an equal part by weight of
alcohol, the 111ixturc is pou·red into n. well-stoppered bottle, allo�\'C<l to
stanrl eight days iu a dark,_ cool place, n.i_id then filtered. It 1s also
recommended to prepare a. tmcturc according to Class , II.
Drug power of' t,incture, 1 .
Dilut,ions are prepared as dircctetl under Clnsses I an<l II
ACONITUM CAMMARUM, Jacquin.
· subjected t·o pressure. The cxpre_�scd Jt11ce 1s thci� l !y b1:1sk ng1tat1_on,
Synonym, Aconitum Varicgatum, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Hanm�< .. \!c:-c.
This is :t species of aconite found growing in the same localities as
the aconitum napcllus, and sometimes improperly substituted for or
mixed with the same. The roots arc smaller thnn in aconitum nnpcllus,
and the generally clearly-shaped star of five points s)iown on section. will
distinguish it from the eight-rayed irregular star m the centre of the
latter.
Preparation.-The fresh root is chopped and pounded to 11. pulp
and wci<rhcd. Then two parts by weight of n.lcohol arc taken, the
pulp mi�cd thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the
HOMCEOl'ATIIIC PHAH.M ACEU'l'ICS. 55
alcohol nddcd. Aft,er stirring the whole well, and pouring it info a
well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight <lays in a dark, cool
place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and
filtering.
Drug power of tincture, L
Dilntious must be prepared as directed under Class III.
ACONITUM FEROX, TVa.llich.
Nat. Ord., Ranu11cnlacerc.
Thifi is the lllost pois1111011s species of nconitc known; it is found
growi11g on (,he llilllalnya mountains, t.hc roots supplying- t.hc famous
Jrnlian (Nipnl) poison cnllerl Bikh, Bish, or N:tl1c•c. This speciC's is
considered hy Hool.er am! '1'!10111pson as a vnrict.y of Aconitmnnopel!irn.
Jn co1n111crec t,hc roots nrc simple tu hers, elongatcd-conicnl in form, and
dnrk hrown; h11t as t,hcy nrc <lriecl by lire-heat and often steeped in
cow's nrinc to protect them ngaiust the rnvages of i118ccts, it can he
rcndily seen that no trustworthy data for their identification enu he
i;i1·c11. In Indi:t the roots of allied and nearly cqunlly poisonous ncon-
1tcs, \'i;r.., 1mcinatmn, pa.lma/11111, hirid111n and napellns arc gathered to­
gether, and such collections indiseriminntcly used under the unmc Dikh
or Bish.
Preparation .-The root is fiucly powdered nod covered with fi,·c
p arts by weight of alcohol, nud having poured it into 11. well-stnppered
Lottie, it is allowed to stand eight, dnys in a dark, cool pince, shaking it
twice :i day. The tiucture is then separated by decautiug, straining
and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, r1o- ·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
ACONITUM LYCOCTONUM, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Ranunculacero.
This is :i ycllow-flowcrccl species of nconitc found growing in the
Sallie loca.litirs ns the nconitum nn.pc.llus. The yellow flowers nnd the
soil; hairy co\'crin� of' the leaves disting-uish it from a.co?iil1t_m 11c17icllm.
Preparation.-Thc fresh herb, gn.thcrcd_ whc11_ co1111_11g 111l)1 bloom,
is chopped and ponncled ton. pulp, cncl_os: d 1.11 n. ptccc of n_cw lm� n �nd
miogled with 1111 equal part by weight of n_lcohol. I',his n11xtu1:c hn.vmg
bccn iourccl into a well-stoppered uottlc, 1s nllowcd to stand eight days
in ·a Jark, cool pince nnd then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, ½.
Dilutions must be prepared as dll'ected under Class I.
ACONITUM RADIX.
Root of Aconitum Napellus.
Preparation.-The fresh ro?t of the uncultivnted plant lll chopped
_
,
and. pounded to 11, pulp and weighed. Then two parts by wmght of
5G HOMCEOPA1'HIC PHARMACEUTICS. HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 57

alcohol nre tnkcn, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, / fii'.st and second dilutions with distilled water, third and higher potencies
nnd the rest of the 1tlcohol ncldcd. After stirring the \\'hole "'ell, nod with alcohol.
_ bottle,. it is allowed to stnnd eight c\ays
pouring it into n. well-st�ppered
in a dark, cool place. l'he tmcture 1s then separated by decantmg, JESCULUS GLABRA, Willd.
straining and filtering.
Drug power of tinctnrc, ¼- Synonyms, .iE. Carnea. 1E. Ohiocnsis. Pavia Glabrn.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class Ill. Nat. Ord., Snpindaccrc.
Common Names, Fctid or Ohio Buckeye. Buckeye Tree.
ACTJEA. This is a large tree, growing abundantly iu rich alluvial lnnds of
Ohio nnd other slates watered by the Ohio river. The hark exhales
Synonym, Actrca Spicatn, I.li.nn. an unpleasant, rnlor, aR in the rest of the genus. Leaves opposite, point­
Nat. Ord., Ranunculaccrc. ing out. Leaflets line, with a scrrnte or toothed edge, and straight
Common Names, Common Herb Christopher. Ilnnc-hcrry. veins, like a chestnut leaf'. Flowcrs s111all, not showy; Rl11111cns curved,
This <'lco-nnt perenni1d hcrii, growing from one to two feet l1igh, is much lougrr thnn the corolla, which is of' lL pale yellow, nud consists
found all tvcr Germany, though not frequently; it likes a stony ground of four upright petals. Fruit prickly when young. The fruit is said
in mountain forests and shndy humid woods. to be actively poisonous, producing symptoms analogous to those caused
On naked, smooth, still; rnmose nbovc, gcuiculatecl stems stnnd the by strychnin.
petiolntc, tcrnatc-manifold compound lcnvcs, with ovate-cordatc, scr­ It wns first systematically proven by Dr. E. M. llnlc.
rnto-dcnlnte leaflets. The white flowers with caducous petals, nppear Preparation.-Thc fresh hulled nut is chopped and pounded to a
in loose racemes, on long peduncles, growing out of the axils. The pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken,
fruit is a smooth berry, subovatc, nod shining black, when ripe. The the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of' it, and the rest of
perennial root forms a strong ramosc-fibrous stock of dark brown, nnd the alcohol added. Aft.er stirring the whole well, and pouring it into a
when dried, black color; the long, fine ramifying rootlets show on well-stoppered bottle, it is allo\\'ed to stand eight clays in n dark, cool
section n. stellatc qundri-pnrtitc mcdullary substance. pince. The tincture is then separated by tlccnntiug, straining and
Introduced into the Homccopathic l\Iatcrin l\Iedica by Dr. Pctroz, lillcring.
of Spain. Drug power of tincture, t.
Preparation.-The fresh root, gnthcrcd in May, before the plant is Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
in Hower, is chopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then two Triturntions arc prepared from the whole dried fruit, as directed
parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with under Class VII.
one-sixth part of it, nnd the rest of the alcohol added. After stirring
the \vhole well, nnd p ouring it into a well-stoppered bottle, it is ullowcd JESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM, Linn.
to stand eight days m a dark, cool place.
The tincture is then separnted by decanting, straining and filtering. Synonym, JTippoca�tanum Vulgnrc.
Drug power of tincture, !- Nat. Ord., Sapindnccrc.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III. Common Name, Ilorse Chestnut.
The horse chest.nut is a nntive of midrllc Asia, hut flourishes well in
ADELHEIDSQUELLE. temperate climates. Jt wa.� introduced into Europe in the ycnr 1576.
It is now cxtcnsh·cly cultirntcd as nu ornamcntnl tree, in hoth Europe
Mineral spring at Hcilbrunn, contains among other substances, and Amcric-a. Lf'nvcs opposite, digitntc; leaflets serrate, strnight
iodine, bromine, alumina, soda, etc. veined. Flowers in n. lcrmina.l thyrsus or d!'nsc paniclc, often pol yga­
Analysis ( Pettenkofer). mous, the grcntcr portion with impcrfoct pi�tils nnd sterile. l'cd1cels
jointed. Corolla spreading, white, spotted with purple nnd yellow, of
Sod. lo<!., .22 Carbonate of Soda, .216 Free Carb. gns, 13.18 c.c. five petals. Stamens declined; leaflets scv011. Its nuts 1uc ovoid, mn­
" Br9m .367 " Lime .584 CarbureUed H., 8.02 hogany-colored, perfectly smooth and shining, with a large oval hilum,
" Chlor:; 38.0GS " J\[ag�., .144 Oxygen, 1.38
" Sulph., .048 Iron, .072 Nitrogen, 6.54 which is p11.lcr-colored and rough.
Potnss. (.;hlor., .020 .�h.1min11, .142 The first provin g- was recorded by Dr. Cooley, of New York State.
S1ltca, .147 Preparation.-The ripe, fresh, hulled nut is chopped and pounded
O rganic, .165 to a pulp and wei�hcd. Then two parts b.y weight of alcohol arc taken,
Preparation.-Ncver proven in potencies, but if required, prepare the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth pa.rt of it, and the rest of
[i8 JIO�ICEOl'ATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
the nlcohol added. After stirring the whole well, and pouring it into
n well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight clays in a dnrk,
cool pince. Tire tincture is then separated by decanting, straining an<l
filtering.
Drng power of tincture, -i,.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
lETHUSA.
Synonym, .A<:thusn Cynapium, I.;i,nn .
Nat. Ord., Umbclliforro.
Common Names, Fool's Parsley. Dog Parsley. Dog Poison.
Garden Hemlock. Lesser ITcntlock.
This is a common weed,nbun<l:mt throughout Europe, growin<> nbout
:\ foo � high, stro1�gly r�scmbling parsley in appearance, yet ca�ly dis­
t1ngu1shcd from tt by its unuscous smell when rubbed, and its loath­
some taste. H.oot spindlc-:hapcd; stem erect and quite smooth, hollow,
n ncl sometimes violct-stripc-cl; leaves of a shining dnrk l?,rccn, hut
_ Preparation.-Sclcct the younger specimen!', which have conycx
lighter colorctl on their under surface, nnd tcnmte pinnate. 'lhc umbels
arc without iuvoluerc and with three-leaved pendulous involuccls.
Flowers white. Seeds globular and striated.
Intrndttced_ into 011r Matcrir, l\Icdicn by Dr. Ncnning, of Germnny.
Preparat1on.-Thc whole fresh plant, wl1cn in flower, is chopped
nnd pounded ton pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of
nlcolrol arc taken, tire pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth pnrt of it,
and �Ire �-est_ of tire alcohol added. After stirring the whole well, and
pounog 1t rnto a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight dnys
iu � �lark, cool; pince. The tincture is then separated by decanting,
strammg nnd filtering.
Drug power of' tincture, t
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
AGARICUS EMETICUS.
Proper Name, Russrrln Emetica, Fr.
Nat. Ord., Fungi.
Description.-f::itcm stout. Pilcus fleshy, firm, obtuse, then de­
pressed nml inf"unrlibuliform, polished, two to three inches b road,
_ growing pnle about the margin. Flesh firm, cheesy,
blo:icl-red, or
wl11tc. Gills ,·cry narrow nnd much crowded. Taste acrid nnd
peppery.
Preparat �on.-Thc fresh mushroom is chopped and pounded to a
prrlp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol are tnkcn,
the pulv mixed thornughly with one-sixth part of it, nnd the rest of
tire alcohol added. After stirring tire whole well, and pouring it into
n well-stoppered L�ottlc, it is nllowed to stand eight clays in a dark,
�ool pince. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and
filterrng.
Drug power of tincture, �-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
HOMCEOl'ATHIC PIIAIUJA(;.EUTI(;S. 5D
AGARICUS MUSCARIUS, Linn.
Synonym, Amanita l\Iuscarius.
Nat. Ord., Frrngi.
Common Names, Tonrlstool. Bug Agaric. Fly Agaric.
This poisonous fungus grrnYs, from A 11g11st to October, in Europe,
Asia, :rnrl A111crica, anrl is finrnd in rlry pi11l' and birch fon·sts. Upon
first nppc:1ring it is oval and cncloscrl i11 a i;ofl, flrslry rnvelopc; the
young stem is.short and thick, b11lho11s at the l1:1Fc, generally lrollow
when old, fro111 four to six inches long, the part above lhe middle being
prO\·irled with a ,Yhilc mc111hrauo11s ring; Lhe cap is nt first c111i11ently
vnrrlted, altcnrnrrls it hcco111cs flatter, is scarl<>t-rerl, furni!'h(•d with
yellowish-,Yhite F(•alc�, which arc snmclin1es wanting, with a white
border, or n hordcr with brown-yellow !'lripes; pulp yellowiFh, or
\Yhitc, or rcdrli�h, the la111cllrc radiate from the middle to the margin;
it ltns an oflcn�ivc smell and a burning acrid taste.
Jt was first, proven by Stapf, and nflcnrnrd by Schrctcr and Hnhnc­
man11.
cnp, not yet hollow stem, n11d clean them from adherent cnrth hy
scraping; peel off the epidermis f' rorn tlic stem nnd cnp, nucl ll1eu bruise
the whole ton pulp and weigh. Then two parts by weight of alcohol
arc taken, and having mixed the pulp thoroughly with one-sixth part
of it, t.I1c rest of' the alcohol is adclcd. After stirring the whole well,
and pouring it inton well-stoppered bottle. it is allowed to stnnd eight
days inn dark, cool place. The tiucturc is then separated by decnnt­
iug, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture,¼-
Dilutious must be prepared as dirccted under Class III.
AGAVE AMERICANA, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Amaryllirlacero.
Common Names, Americnn Alm. 1\faguey. Century Plant.
This plant is a nati,·c of tropical Amcrici1, but has been cultivated
in the l:,outhcrrr States and in other warm rcgiom1. Tire Jenvc-s nrc
mostly raclical, t.hiek and rigid, coriacious, fleshy, l:111ceolatc, spinous­
dcnt.atc, with terminal spine. They arc recurved nnd vary in length
from three to six feet-sometimes rcachi111:( eight frrt. In tc-mperntc
climates the plant !lowers rarely, and to this fact is drrc the name cenh,ry
plant which it hns rcccivccl. The llowc1·s nrc yellow, in n. pyrnmidnl
paniclc at the top of the scape, which is often thirty fret high.
Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves arc chopped and pounded to n
pulp and weighed. Then two parts by ,rcight of alcohol nrc taken,
the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of
the nlcohol added. After stirring the whole well, ancl pouring it into
a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to staud eight <lays in a dark, cool
place. The tincture is then separated by decauting, straining and
filtering.
Drug power of tincture, b,
Dilutions mu�t he prrpnrecl as rlircctc-cl unrlcr Class III.
GO HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
AGNUS CASTUS.
Synonym, Vil.ex Agnus Castus, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Verbeuacc::c.
Common Name, Chaste Tree.
This shrnb is indigenous iu the south of Europe, on the shores of the
J\fodiierrnncan; and is found growing ou sandy spots at the foot of
rocks. It is from three to five feet high, and much brunched. "Leaves
opposite, pctiolatc, five to seven digitntc; color dark green on upper,
greyish ou under surface, with n. very strong smell. Flowers numer­
ous, blue or purple, in long tcrminn.l spikes, having a strong, not dis­
agreeable odor. Berries somewhat like peppercorns.
Introduce<! by IIal111cnm1111.
Preparation.-Thc fresh, ripe berries,n.rc pounded to a pulp and
weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol n.re taken, the pulp mixed
thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol added.
After stirring the whole well, and pouring it into n. well-stoppered
l�otLlc, it_ is allowed to stand eight _chys in . 11: dark, cool 1:luce. The
tmcturc 1s then scparntcd by dccuutrng, stmmmg and filtcrmg.
Drng power of tincture, ¼-
Dilutions must be prepared us directed under Class III.
AGROSTEMMA GITHAGO, Linn.
Synonym, Lychnis Githngo, Lamarck.
Nat. Ord., Cnryophyllnccro.
Common Name, Corn Cockle.
This is a, well-known weed, indigenous to Europe, growing in wheat­
fields; the black seeds of cockle nrc injurious to the whiteness of
the flour. It is an nnnual, clothed with long, soft appresscd hairs;
flowers long-pcclunclcd; calyx lobes similar to the long and linear
len.\'cs, surpassing the broad aml crownless purple-red petals, falling off
in fruit.
Preparation.-'l'hc ripe, driCll seeds, arc coarsely powdered and
weighed. The11 five p1tris hy weight of nlcohol are poured 11pon the
1·11ass, a11d Llic whole is allowed to sLand eight days in a well-stoppere,I
bottle, in n dark, cool place, shnki11g it twice n. day. The tincture
is then poured off, strninccl and filtered.
Drug power of ti11cturc, fer.
Dilutions must be prcpnred as directed under Class IV.
AILANTHUS GLANDULOSA, Desfontaines.
Synonym, Rhus Chincnsc.
Nat. Ord., Si111arube:.-c.
Common Names, The Tree of Heaven. Chinese Sumach.
This tree is a 11ativc of China, but is well known in the United
States, where it has within a few years been extensively cultivated as
a shade tree, but although well adapted to this purpose, its extremely
offensi,vc odor at the time of flowering, as well as the injurious effects
llO.MtEOPATlllt: l'HARMACJWTICS. Gl
upon human beings from its emanations, according to some physicians,
has excited such prejudice against it that in some portions of this
country a determined effort towards its destruction has been made.
In its general aspect anrl the character of its foliage, it appears like a
gigantic sumn.ch. It grows to n height of 60 feet and upwards. Its
flowers are of n. whitish-green color.
First provings made were under .Drs. Hering and Lippe.
Preparation.-Equal parts of the fresh shoots, leaves, blossoms,
and the young bark, arc chopped and pounded ton. pulp and weighed.
Then two parts by weight of alcohol n.re taken, the pulp mixed
thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol
added. After stirring the whole well, and pouring it into a well­
stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stn.ncl eight days iu a dark, cool place.
The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining nnd filtering.
Drng power of tincture, b,.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
ALETRIS FARINOSA, Linn.
Synonym, Alctris Alba.
Nat. Ord., H:.-cmodoracem.
Common Names, Star Grass. Blazing Grass. Colic Root. Uni­
corn Root.
This is an indigenous perennial plant, the radical leaves of which
spread on the ground in the form of a star. The leaves are sessile, un­
equal, Jauceolatc, entire, very smooth, longitudinally veined, thin and
translucent and very sharp at the end. Stem one or two feet in height,
nearly naked, or scnpiform with remote scales, sometimes changing into
leaves. It terminates in a slender spike, the flowers of which stand on
very short pcdiccls, ancl with minute bracts at the base. The peri­
anth is tubuln,r, oblong, divided at the summit into six spreading
segments, white, a11Cl when old, of a mealy or rugose nppenrnnce on the
outside. The plant grows in almost n.ll parts of the United Stn.tes, in
fields nncl nbout the borders of woods, nnd flowers in June and July.
Preparation.-Thc fresh hulh is choppc,l nucl pounded ton. pulp
and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol n.re taken, the
pulp mixed with one-sixth part of iL, nnd the rest of the alcohol added.
After stirring the whole well, and pouring it, into a well-stoppered
bottle, it is allowed to stand eight days in n dnrk, cool place. The
tincture is then separated hy decanting, straining nud filtering.
Drug power of tincture, tr·
Dilutions must be ),rcpared ns directed under Class III.
ALISMA PLANTAGO, Linn.
Synonym, Alismn Parriflorn.
Nat. Ord., Alismaccro.
Common Name, ·water Plnntnin.
This isn. herbaceous plant found in Europe and the United States,
G2 HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
grnwing in streams, pools, ditches, nnd other standing wntcr. Root
perennial, leaves long peliolcd, ovntc, oblong, or ln11n'olntc, pointed,
moslly rounded or heart-shaped at the base, three Lo nine ncrvcl(;
paniclc loose, compound, many-flowered, from one to two feet long;
carpels obliquely obovatc, forming an obtusely triangular whorl in fruit.
The fresh root has the odor of Florentine orris, but the odor disnp­
penrs on drying. It has nu acrid and nn.useous taste.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root is chopped and pounLlcd to a pulp
n.ucl weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, the pulp
mixed thoroughly with ouc sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol
added. After stirring the whole well, nnd pouring it into n well-stop­
pered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight dnys in a dnrk, cool place.
The t,incture is then separated by decanting, strnining and lilteriug.
Drug power or tincture, -/i-.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
ALLIUM SATIVUM, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Liliacc:-c.
Common Name, Garlic.
This is a perennial bulbous plant, cultivated everywhere in civilized
cotllltrics. Hulh compound; stem leafy to the middle, Jen.ves linear­
l:t11ccol11tc; spathe one-leaved, long pointed, stem simple, two to three
fcct hi"h; umbel hulbiforous. The bulb is composed of several oblong,
pointc<l bulhlcts, enclosed in a three-layered membrane.
Introduced into our J\[atcria Mcdica by Dr. Petroz, of Frnuce.
Preparation.-Thc fresh bulbs, gathered from June to August,
and !"reed from their membranes, are chopped and pounded to a pulp
and weighed. Then two parts hy weight of alcohol are taken, the pulp
mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol
added. After stirring the whole well, and pouring it into-a well-stop­
pered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight days iu a dark, cool place.
The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and filteriug.
Drug power of tincture, ½-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
ALNUS RUBRA.
Synonym, Alillls scrrulatn.
Nat. Ord., Bctulncc:-c.
Common Names, Red Alder. Tag Alder. Notch-leaved Alder.
This is the AlmtS Scrrulcita of ,Villdcnow. It is an indigenous shrub,
growiilg in clumps on the borders of pondsnnd rivers, and in swamps.
Its stems arc numerous, from six to twelve feet high. Leaves obovntc,
acute at the base, sharply serrate with minute teeth, thickish, green
hoth sides, smooth, or oft.en downy beneath ; flowers, which appear in
A 1ril before the development of the leaves, are of a. reddish-green
co\ or; stipules oval; fruit ovate. Its cones remain on the bush all
winter.
Preparation.-The fresh bark is chopped and pounded to a pulp
HQ;\I<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 63
and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol are taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth pnrt of it, n.nd the rest of the
a�cohol added. Aller stirring the whole well, and pouriug it into
a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight clays iu a dark,
cool .place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining
"and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, ½-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed uuder Class III.
ALOE.
Synonym, Aloe Socotrina, Lamarck.
Nat. Ord., Liliacc::c.
Common Names, Aloes. Socotrinc Aloes.
The aloes are natives of Southern aucl Eastern Africa. They nre
succulent plants of liliaceous habits, with persistent fleshy leaves,
usually prickly at the margin, and erect spikes of yellow or reel f111wers.
Many arc stemless; others produce sterns a fow foct in height, which
are woody or branching. In medicine, the inspissntccl juice frorn the
leaves is used.
Socotrinc aloes is imported iu kegs an<I tin-lined boxes from Bombay,
whither it has hccri carried by trarlcrs from tlic African coast. "\Vhcn
of fine quality, it is dark, rcddislr-1.Jrown in color, nnd of a pcculinr,
rather ngrccnble odor. As imported, it is usually soft, at least in the
interior of the mass, but it becomes harder by keeping. In tlriu frag­
ments, its color is ornngc-brown; iu powder, or n tawny red. It breaks
with a. conchoidal fracture.
It wns lir"llt proven by Dr. Helbig, in Germany.
Preparation.-Thc inspissatcd juice is coarsely pulverized and cov­
erecl with five parts by weight or alcohol. Having poured it into a
well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to staud eight days iu a. dark, cool
pince, shaking it t.wice a day. The tincture is then poured otl; strained
and filtered.
Drng power of tinet.urc, ilf •
Dilutions rnust he prepared as directed under Class IV.
Triturntions nrc prepared from the inspissatcd juice, as directed
under Class VIL
ALSTONIA CONSTRICTA.
Nat. Ord., Apocynacc::c.
This is a tall shml> or small tree, indigenous to the colonies of New
South "\Vales and Queensland.
Preparation.-Thc bark, in coarse powder, is covered with five
parts by weight of n.lcohol, and hn.ving been poured into a well-stop­
pered bottle, is allowed to stand fourteen dnys in a dnrk place, being
shaken twice a day. Tire tincture is then poured on; strained aud
fi I tercel.
Drug power of tincture, i<1 •
Dilutions must I.Jc prepared as directed under Class IV.
G4 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
liOMCEOJ'ATRIC
l'IIARMACEUTlCS.
ALTHJEA. G5
potassi um sulphate aud
Synonym, Althroa OfTiciualis, Linn. above are obtained. evaporating, crystals
of the composition giv
Nat. Ord., Mnlvacero. Properties,-Alum eu
Common Name, Marshmallow. one. lt is soluble in hns a sweetish tnstc followed by nu nstr
A perennial herb, whose root is perpendic ular and branching. Its Water, and is insolubleflftec11 pa rts of cold nnd i 11 011c part of inl?cnt
st.crns, about three feet high, ar e bmnchecl und leafy. Leaves arc alter- s ulph uric acid being in nlcohol. At a red boiling
gi\·c heat it is decompo
1mtc, with petioles, cordatc nbovc, oblong-ovate below, almost three­ phate remaining behind n off and aluminium oxide and pouiss ium sed,
. The crystals clll
lobed above, irregularly serrate, pointed, and downy. The flowers, s ur e to the air. Th
eir oresce slightly upon sul­
terminal nncl axillary, arc on short peduncles, beariug one to three Tests .- ,vhen tre solution is strongly acid to test paper. CXJ>O­
flowers. The five spreadiug, obcordate petals of the corolla arc of n pale throws down a white ated with ammonium hydra te, the alum
puqilish color. Th e fruit consists of a united circle of capsules, each solu ble in sodiu,11 l 1 y precipitate, insoluble in excess of the reagen solution
holding one seed. . A solution of alumdmtc. t, but
The plnnt is found in the Eastern U. S., ou borders of salt marshes. treatment with hydrog sho u Id exh ibit, if perfoctfy pure, no cl1 ang
Preparation.-The fresh root, collected in autumn from plant.'! at dition of potassium forren sulphide (ahscncc of metals), nor upon c upon
least two years old, is chopped nnd pounded to a pulp and weighed. ammonia alum, by add ocya 11idc (al.isc11cc o/'iro n). the ad­
ing to II solution oft
Irsop histicntcd with
Then two parts by weight of alcohol are taken, the pulp mixed thor­ tic alkali and heating, he �uspcctC'cl substance
oughly with one-sixth pnrt of it, and th e rest of the alcohol adder!. It was first proven bythe p1111gc1 1 t odor of nn1 mo11ia will ho pcr a caus­
After stirriug the whole well, nnd pouring it into a well-stoppered bottle, Preparation for Yr. 1/u�crnann. cch·cd.
it is allowed to stand eight days in a dark, cool place. The tincture is is prepared by trituraHomceopathic Use.-Thc pure pot
then sepnrntcd by decanting, straining and filteriug. tiou, ns dir ected under assa alum
Clnss VII.
Drug power of tincture, ¼- ALUMINA.
Dilutions must be prepared a� directed under Class III.
Synon yms, Alum
ALUMEN. Common Nam e, inium Tri-hydrate. Argilla Pura.
Formula, Al I-1 Pure Clay.
Synonyms, Alumen crudum. Potassa Alum. 3 0 3•
Molecular Weig ht, 78.
Common Names, Alum. Sulphate of Al uminium and Potassi u m.
Preparation of Alu
Present Name, Potassio-nluminium Sulphate. pure boiJir1g water, mina.-Afum free fro
Formula, K 2 Al 2 (S0 4)4, 24H 2 0. and m iron is dissolved
mg a little of the pot decomposed by pure potnssiurn carbonate, in
Molecular Weight, 949. for some time, to decoash in exce..."S. The whole is then digested gendd­
The alums are double sulphates in which th e hydrogen of two mole­ mp
which has been precipit ose a bas ic salt of alumina and sulphuric ntly
cules of sulphuric acid is displaced by two atoms of a monad positive now well washed an ated along with the alumin a. The precipiacid,
clement and two of a triad one. In common alum, potassium is tho solved in muriatic d separated by filteri 11 g, is, \rhile still m tate,
1mivalcnt nnd nluminium the trivalent atom. B ut in place of potas­ acid oist,
tated anew by adding , the sol ution flltcrcd and the aftu11ina pr dis­
sium, nny othe:- of the nlkali metals cnn be substituted, and instead of
aluminium, chromium or iron. All the alums crystallize in cubes or tained precipita te rcc1 1 dilute ca ustic ammonium in excess. Theecip i­
1ircs long continued w o
octohedrons, nnd with tho exception of chrome nl u m nod iron alum
from retained sal am
mon iac. nshing to free it perfectlb­
The p repamtion ma y
arc colorless. With ench molecule are m1ited twenty-four molecules Halmemnnn, is the de by the above procc
ss- subs tnntjnfly thnt of
of' wntcr of crystallization, which can be driven off by heat, and then dried nt a 111o dornto tri-hydrnto whose for11 1 uln is Al II 3 0 3.
there is left "burnt" 01· anhydrous alum. The word alum is used in tongue, and forms hea t, it is a soft frial .ilc mass which ndh ,vhcn
crcs
ordinary languag e indifferently for th e potassiu•n or the ammonium It cfissolves readily ainstiff pnsto \rith wat er, lint is not solnblc to the
compound. Heated to r edness it acids anti in solutions of tl1 c permanent nlk therein.
' Preparation.-The simplest mode of obtaining alu m is by calcin- gives off water and con nlics.
Th e oxide, AI� 0 3, tra cts in volume.
ing pipe clny or some other clay containing very little iron, grinding heating the tri-hydrateif such be wanted, may be readily obtained
it to powder and heating it on the hearth of a reverbcratory furnace a white, tasteless, coh to whiteness, after washing nnd drying. by
with half its weight of sulphuric acid, u ntil it becomes n stiff paste.
The mass is then exposed to the air for several weeks. During this 1
infusible exce t beforeerent mass, but little nctcd upon by acids, It is
The minera called cor the oxy-bydrogeu blow
-pipe.
nod is
time aluminiu m sulphate is formed, which can be dissolved out by transparent varieties,
undmn, of which the
ruby and sapphire are
treating the mass with water. Upon mixing this solution with one.of state, with little c consists of the nearly pure oxide in a cry
� oloring oxide. stallized
6
 IlOMillOPATRIG PHARMACEUTICS. 67
CEUTICS.
GG HOMillOPATHlC PHARMA
It comes in pieces of various sizes and shapes, of ashy-gray color, mnr­
er, soft Lo
Alumina is a fine white p owd blcd, ,vith whit ish or dark streaks a nd spots. Although quite friable,
Properties and Tests.-lcss, i nfusible, nn<l i nsoluble in wntcr. it is with difficulty rubbed lo powder. lt is without tm;lc, hns a pccu­
the Louch, inotlorous nn<l tns under 1-fo hnemaun's di rection s.
te
lia1: and agree a ble odor. It becomes soft at the Lcmpcrnturc of the
Alumiu a was first proved opathic Use.-Aluminn is prep ared by hand, melts i n boiling water, and at a higher tC'Jttprrature is di�sipntrcl
Preparation for Homre ass VIL with the production of white fumes, only a trace o f' nsh remaining. J t
er Cl
tr itur:iLion, as tlireeted und • is soluble in alcohol, e ther, and in fatty and volatile oil s.
Its spel'i1:c
LLICUM. 'gravity is 0.8-0.n.
ALUMINIUM META Tests.-Thc �lesrriptiou ns given abov e will s11nicc for its identifi­
inium.
Synonym, l\letnllic Alum cation or fo r <lifforcntiating a spuriou s or adulLcratcd article from th e
Symbol, Al. g�nui.ne nnd pure one.
Atomic Weight, 27. y in nature in the stale
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Thc genuine, g ray n.111-
s v ery abundantl
Origin.-T his metn.l occur associ atc<l min crnls; also in the vari­ b�_rgris is prep ared by triturntion, as direcLc<l under Class VII.
d its
of silicate, ns in fcl spar nn thence d erived. It w11s first isolated by
ous 111ntlific11Lio11
s of cla y osin g AMMONIACUM.
8), wh o obtai 11c<I it n s
a gray powder hy decomp :i4)
Wo hle r ( 18:l e Dev il e t38
nssiuJtt; an ti H. 8 ainte-Clnir
l
Synonym, Doremn Ammoniacum, Don.
n.lumini ulll chloride with pot nt ! ct! on the s11mc principle, has succec<led Nat. Ord., Umhcllifo rrc.
hy :111 iJttprnvcd p rocc:: s fou
mitnufacturing scitlc.
in ohlninin� it in
the compact form and on the .- Thc process consi!lts in
Common Name, Gum Ammoninc.
Alum inium The Dorerna Am111oniacmn is a pcrcn ninl plant, l1n.ving n stout,
Manufacture of Metallic e of aluminium and sodiulll, Al � Cl 0, _e rect flower-stem, six to eight feet high, which diYides townrds the
chlorid
decomposin� t,hc tlflub lc mctn.llic sodium, Ouor-spar or cryolitc being u_pper part into numerous nscrmling bra nches, along which, nt the
l g i wit h
2Na Cl, by 11ea in t
tion is effected in
crucibles, or on a l ar;;c _time of flowcriu�, ar c nn:aug�d the. lm!l-likc, .i<i111plc . 11111bels �f Ycry
aclt!etl its a flux. T he reduccrbcrato ry furnace. Sotliulll is used ns the ·small flowers. The plnnt 1s w1dcly d1 stnb11tcd 1u Pcrsm und nc1ghhor­
!icalc on t he henrl h of a rev e to potaS-'>ium: first, b ecause it is more lmg countries, nncl make s the h:irrcn regions of the dese rt its habilnt.
reducing agent in preferenc it has a lower ato
mic w eig ht ,
,T)ie stem of the plant nbo11nd s in milky ju ice which flows out on the
pre par ed; and , s econdly, because the same
r !'i y to d
l er quantity of it suffices
a l o
�ght.est puncture ; the exudation speedily hnrdc ning, a pnr t rcmni ns
and, consequently, n. smal attached to the stem and a pnrt falls t o the ground. Jt is gnthcrcd by
:1mo1111t of chemica l work. .-1\lclall ic alumi nium is silver-while, snn- .1e peasllnts who sell it to the trnders. It, is fou nd in comm erce in
Properties and Tests cific g r:wity 2.5G only, th at
ir, lmvin g the spe ,tears" and in irregular masses.
orous, 1111allcrnblc in the a d 11.5. Its fusin g poiuL is somewhat low er Properties.-Thc Y aricty in mnsses is generally l ess pure thnn
of iron being 7.7, rind of lea attacked hy sulphuric or nitric :icicl, nor 1t in "tears." The l atter arc roundish, v arying in si1.c from that of
t,han that of sil ver. It is not rogen . Its proper sol vent is muriatic all pea to thnt of a cherry. External ly they nrc pale, creamy-
hyd
tnrn is hcd hy sulphureLted rable of the
pln.tinum, it is the l enst alte itpp lictl to :Ow in color, opaque and milky-white within. By long kePping the
al'itl. Afl cr s ilv er, g o lc l itnd l be
vn.luable prope rt ie s, i t w il
part becomes somewhat brownish in c olor. A n11noniac11111 is
111ctnIs. By reason of its in sufficient ciuantilics, iirn
l nt
pos es n the a rts, if obtainable :e, breaking with :i waxy fracture, but is ensily softened by
nmny pur i
tth- Its tast e is bitter nnd acrid, it.':l odor is pcculinr nnd chnr­
:i 11101\crnlc cos t. athic Use.-Thc pure me
tallic nlumi- 'lltic. It is p artly soluble i n alcohol, nn�l w!1cn t rit11rntccl wiLh
Preparation for Homreop as directed under Clns.'; VIL produces a milky emulsion . Its spceific gravity ii- nhouL 1.2.
n,
11i11Jtt is prcparcll hy tritur atio 1�uced into our l\fatcria l\[cdica by Dr. B11cJ111cr, Grrrnnny.
'feparation.-Thc pure gum-re sin in tears is prrpnrcd hy triturn­
AMBRA GRISEA. ern. Am- � ·as directed und er Clas s VII.
bra Ambrosiacn. Ambrn V
Synonyms, Ambarum. Am
hm Ma riLima. gris.
Common Name, Amhcr nd in the intestines nn<I among the cx- ,onyms, Liquor Ammonii Aectntis (Solution o f Acclnlc of
Origi n.- Am be r gris is fou is foun cl f\oat­
Ph y-�eter macrocephabts. Itical regions. It 1onium). Spiritus M:indercri (Spirit, of l\lintlercrus).
_crct:1. ol' the sperm whale, n tro p
and thrown upon the consts, and is considered to be ,ent Name, Ammonium Acetate.
i
in� upon the sea,
th cha racteristics of co
ncretion 1ula, C 2 Hs 0 2 NH 4 •
has man y of e
. � -p aration of Acetate of Ammonium.-Tnkc of' dilutcu
nf intestin al or biliary orig in waxy.
e in app earan ce,
or mor e p rop erl y; y:.
Properties.-It is fat-lik
 HOMCEOPA'r.EIIC PHARMACEUTICS.
HOMCEOPA'THIC PHARMACEUTICS. 69
wide �elivcry tt!be, place 100 i:arts of thorough ly dried nud powdered
lled water seven parts) nny q um�­
ncctic acid (nc:ctic acicl o n e p1tr t, disti unlly to the acul 1111 to 11euLrnh­ pot8:19mm bro1mdc , t,oi;ct hcr w 1 tl� 50 pnrls of dried and powdered am­
grnd
tit •. Add a111111011iu111 carbon uto made when mo�m1� s ulphate. lhe retort IS to be placed on a snnd b:tt,h and
ti ou s hould be freshly
z·t�ion • theu filter. T hi,; prcpam of a s?me w mt J! gcn � taste, bun�d. 111 the s ane! so that _ the neck only protrude.,;; the neck of' the
liquiu,
;�·an tcd. It is a color\c.-;.-; ncutr:d
l u11
on�c t11uc, csp c � u_dly -'�! th
ex­ retort Ii;! to be conn�cted w,1�h a cooled receiver, and the tc111pcrut ure is
Aft ?ci11g kept _for s
h itvi ng uo odor. er . rup os1tion , "1Lh the to be $'rndually �a1s cd. �he ammon iu111 b romide comes o,·er, con­
ufler s p rLu_ t l dc�o
pos ure to the air and �un hght, 1t s a
denses m th_e 1'cce1ver and 111 the neck o f th<· retort.
te aud acetic uc1 u. .
production of nmmonmm crirboua J?roperhes:-A111mor1iu111 bromide is _in colorll' ss prism atic crystnls
Tests.-l t should cnip ornt c com pletely over :'- water l,a�h, lc:tv1 11g _ tall111 c J!ow<lc r.
1t s ho u �d g ive n o p r?· or ma c1ys I_t has a salmc taslc; is completely dissi­
n sulphide (.for metnl s)
HO residue• wit h h ydroge 1_ c pated bf heat. It 1s soluble 111 two parts of wate r, und in 15 or 20
no wit b ri m ?hl ori�c sol utu� 11 (� uly hur
cipitatc 0/ turbiuity; h a u
r
aLc mso uble 111 1 1 1t rn: ncHI parts ot, 90 per �ent. alcohol, while it is al111ost insoluble i n ether.
c a whi te prec ip1 l
acid); with silv er nitrnt
t
The fu-st prov 11 1gs we!·e by Dr. A. 1\L C u:hing, U. 8.
. .
shows the presence of HCI . Tests.-;--IL �hou ld give 111'. precipita te with bari um c hloride (abseuce
U�e-�On c p art hy we!ght of
Preparation for Homreopath1c of sull l�ur c a ul) Upon _m 1 xi11 it with starch solution nnd treating
lvetl III mue p arts by weight of '. � 9
ptll"e "spirit of' mintlererus" is tlisso t�e m1xt u 1 c m th :,t dr?J> ?f chlorme walcr, no blue color should be de­
?

tlistillc<I water. 'eloped ( abseuc� of 10'.linc.) Aficr ils volatilization by heat' there
Amo unt ol' drng power, 1'1,-- should be 110 residue left.
ted uuder Class V-a.
Dilutious m ust be prepared as direc Prel?ara�ion for Hom<;eopathic Use. The p ure bromide o f
ammo111u111 1s prepared by tn turation, us di rected uudcr Class VII.
AMMONIUM BENZOICUM.
oate of Ammoni um.
Synonyms, Ammon ii Ilen zoas. Benz -AMMONIUM CARBONICUM.
Nam e, Amm oni m Be n zo atc.
Present u
,Synonyms, Ammonii Carbonns. Ammoni:n Scsq uic a rbonns. Car-
Formula, NH 4 C1 Il6 02. bonate of A 111moni11m. Vol1ttile 8nlt.
Molecular Weight, 13!). _ e of solution Present Name, Ammonium CarbonnLc.
onium.�"Tn.k
Preparation of Benzoate of Am_m rnr. uCitl � wo_ ounces; Common Name, Snl Volatile.
n suffic iency ; benz
of nm111onia three 0 uid ounces or Formula, N 4 I-1: 1 0 C 3 0 8 = 2 Nli 4 IICO 3 + (NII 3 ) 2 CO 3 .
lve the benzoic _acid 1 11 three
distilled water four tl 11 id ou nces. Disso Molecular Weight, 2:3U.
amm o i prev iously mixed with the water;
flui,1 ouuccs of sol ution of n a
onia in slight exc<'SS, :rnd set Preparation.-Comme1_-cial carbon ntc of ammonia is prep ared
evaporate at a gci1tle h eat, keepin g amm on the �arge seal? by _hcatmg to rcdneM, a mixture of o ne pnrt of'
aside that crys tals m a y f'orm . " -Br . P: . . . . . � .
Ill rnmute, whi te, � h �t-,mug. amm�nmm chlonde wit h two parts of' calc·i11111 cnrbonnt c iu a retort
Properties_.-Benz?nte of �mmom� 1s to. which a recci_vcr is l u trd. Amm�nium and cnlcium c hange places;
e taste, ,�hose odor 1 s III s0111r
four-sided la1111 nm, h av111g a bitter salm
; they are solu�le III wtttcr ni_ul alr.ohri> and th� ammom um ca rbonale thus formed cnll()cnst•s in the rcceh·cr.
degree like that of bcnzoic acitl tbP It COnsISts of two molec ul es, the acid cnrhonale L<wethcr wit.h one of
aud decompose readily by
he at, with the �vol ut1on ?f nm111on1t1. nnd
and with out resid u e. e normal cnrbon:1-tc, or it mny be mo re propcriy conside red as a
production of benzoic acid vap o rs, .
above stated, will suffice for mixture o[ the ac,d C.'lrbonale, (NII 1 ) HCO 3 , wi th the cnrba rnate
Tests.-The properties of t h e salt, ns of ammonmm, N II H 0 CO 2 , the latter, when dissolved iu wntcr tak­
determini ng its puri ty. �g up the H 2 0 mHl bcco111ing conve rted into nornml cn rb,:nnlc
FirHt prove n by Dr. ,vibmer, Germ any. .-Thc p ure hc nzontc of (:NH•) 2 00 3 . "W hen t he commercial cnrhonale is t rcntc,l wit h wntc;
Preparation for Homreopathic Use ted under Clas.<; VII. the h�lf' a�id o� s�q uicarborm te, whose fc1rn1ul:� is giYc n at the heading
ns direc
aminoniu111 is prepared by tri turntion, �f this article, 1s cl1:>5olve,I. _From a strong solution at !30 C. ,86 F.)
° °

may be crystallized out 111 'large, transpare n t, rectang ular prism s

AMMONIUM BROMATUM.
Synonyms, Ammon ii B romid um. _B
Present Name, Ammon ium Brom
Formula, NH 4 Br.
Molecular Weight, 98. .
Preparation of Ammon ium Bro
as follows: In a retort, ,havmg Lt
mide is best obtnined by sublimation,
'whose summits are truncated by oc tohcdrnl faces. The scsq uicar­
nate can be separated into the n ormal carhrmntc' (NII 4 ) 2 CO 3'
romide of Ammonium.
d the ac1.d car bonat?, NIT 4 l 100 3, hy treating it with a !)O per cent.
ide. cohol, the latter tak111g u p Lhe normal cnrbo1111 te while the acid ca r­
te remains undissolved.
. . Properties_. �ommercinl carbonntc of nmmonia is in mnsse.s,
m1de.-Pure arnrno111 u� bro-
brous-crystalline m structure, white and t ra n sl ucent. Exposed to the
70 HOMCEOPATHIC PRAR&:ACEUTICS.
HOMCEOPATHIC PH
. . 71
•1ir it su fers pnrtinl d_c comlpos.1 t.
ARMA CEUTICS.
f
off cnrho n ic ox ide and free may pass, i ntervening.
' . !�t�J;��ft11n car bonate ns 11 whit p w Th e rece i ver shrJ
ammom_n, Ienv ing b ehmd t le ac1 e � ­ cold. Upon a_pplying h ti!d co11tai11 water kep t
v ery
der havmrr scarceI Y nny odor o f ammonia and rcncting k k
_ . wea ly nl n lm e disengaged, unif rmly aneat very cautious ly to the retor t, nm 111011ia
b n ate of ammonia 1s solublc i n t hree o
receiver. The op eration d r egularly, and
condenses in the water in is
: T�l,sts.-T
�1:.: ,,7;p.��·�s ti,J2:l"1:';·.t�\.:::lh.i•.:-::i:;:s� over, when the liquid in is to be coutin ucd till ammouia. ceases to comee
th
e he ure u
.
should be diss ipated ent1sr�lJy wh en heated upon plntm u m o1 . . .
�r,n I� distill ed water till its spe th e receiv er is to
he remo ved, and diluted
tains ten per cent. of NHcific gravity is 0.959, at which density it con
w ith
wh n ov - eu r l
alized by nitri c acid shou d _ g iv e_ no pr?e_1p1- 3 gas. ­
s��f�i � e er n t Properti e s.-,Vatcr of
amm o nia
i h barium chloride (�bsence ?f su1 �h fte) n with silver m trnt e
or possessing the -strong is a trn
odor of ammonia gns; nspnrcnt, colorlcss liquid,
t�bseooo of ohlo, ido), no, w,th hydrn n u hide (absence of met als). that of distill ed water its d ensity is lower thnn
fr the acid i fi ed sol�t1on be
��: �: i a
n r, l ,,lwith nmmm,ium_ hydnl•
al ate , tu rbidity o ccu rr ing n er
point is below that of and decreases with its strength; its freezing
water, and is lowered
and then treated. wi th ammo m It is strongly alkaline as its strength increa ses.
some mom en ts, m ic
c1· a t th pr e s en c e of "al
"' ci u m carbonate. duced is � van�cent. to test paper, but the change of color s o pro ­
M .
Intr oduced into our at e a lVledica by llahnemann.
e

Pre paration for H o
u m 1s c1·1ssol ved in nine parts b y w e1g i t f
�
p ure carbonatc of ammom
distilled water.
Amount of drug power, L
Dilutions mu st be preparTll"·
Tritu mtion.s of p ure carbonate o
under Class VII , h •e been recommen
· �'
the substance rend e1s sue1 l preiJ arations u nsuitable.
AMMONIUM
. CAUSTICUM.
S nonyms, Aq ua Ammo nu:. c. Liquor Ammoni Caust1c1 . Liquor
�
opathic Use.-0ne part by w e � ght
.
It
.Perature lS ra1Sed, a nd gives up nnJmo�in gas freely when the �cm­
should be k ept 1u well-
. l �f cool place. stoppered hoLtlcs rn a
Tcsts.-It should give
no pr ecipitate upon bein
equal volume of l ime-w g treated wit.h
neutralized with nitri at er (absenc e of
carbonate ). When cnr an
cfully
matic odor should be obsacid , and then diluted with
c
ed as d� • •e cl under Clas s V-a. . water, no empyrcu­
i:moni um, re ar 1 c tcd ervabl e, and it should
p p ed as d_ � � h7drogen s ulp hide (abs give n o p recipitate with
. <led , b ut the gr e at vol a t1ht} of cium), with silver nitr a ence of meta ls), with ammonium oxalate (cal­
te (chloride), or with
When heated to 100 ° C. barium nitr ate (sulphate
(21 2 ° F. ) it should eva .
Preparation for Homce porate without residue).
gravity 0.959, contains op at hic U se .-The rcparati
o11, specific
CO�nds to the first ten per C<'nt.of ammaniaca p gas, nnd ther·cforc
. .
decimal potency.
Dilutions must be prepa
red ns directed und er Cla
i

Am�on i ::c Fortior. ss V-a.

Prese nt a e A mon ium Hyd rate.
Formula,NN H ,HO (Ammonia Gas, NII3)-
Mole cular W e ight, 1 t' as NH . Synonyms, Ammonii
4.

o d ction -By th e destruct"iv 3·e dist il l ati on of mtrog eno us or- Ioclidurn. Iodide of Amm
M

:Present Name , Am onium.

.. ,.;;; bo�i", ,;w,I \"' by osition know n ns p utrc- monium Iodide.
ion, 1
'"t1,�b::\' y 1;;":,:!'.
Jightc, """ ai,, ImJ/",�
brtnula, NH I.
olccular W e igh t, 145
l.,,t :.�-::��;" ;� ..";:;,ing
J;';� r:�.;;'.''�""'
4

!''"""Z l cparation of Iodide .

:.,�',,J! in wale, to on i;'."'"'dm•;�
o k•�t.�,
nc volume of wat er ta mg up _ov 7ol;':::'iumo, of the gas. t'h"
',j
. a de finite chemical cornpo un
h u ii
:�i,t.".tb;';h; �:,?:•,:; .:::: ;i�,"� f!,;;.•�,;;'.'. m"; "'.
of
·um iodide an d forty- on Am monium.-Onc hundred parts of
lved e ach in eighty parts e pnrts of nrnmon ium s ulphate arc ti_, be
&d. To th mix ture is a of distilled water, and the two solu ions
ol and t he whole allowed dded one and n lrnlf times its vol um e of
e t

th atom c-n ang g l ie m �

e s r rr m t " ,:,'.�,'. ,,:;;. to
• The filtrat is then stand for a day in a cold place, and t.hen
o11 is NH4 HO, nd wr11c1 is known as arnrnOlllll?l hy
l .. n ul a a
. e esidue treated with placed in a etort, the alcohol distilled
r
, cal ammom um, tH 4'
e

Ammoni um I1ydrate ·s ,,• radi

• strong lbase, ,.,, stron ger nrnm on ia, with
r

1• a finally brought to dry constant st rring,

"
cad·1 d lacing hydrogen from ac1·ds, to fo m tr ue saIts·
r of the op ration the t e ness Ly means ofn sand-bath. Towards the
i

r ��'lrt�e Ammon i u m l\Iur inticum. mpe

-248 ° F.). A.s_ rep ar ed rature may be raised to 110 °-120 ° C.
e

.
Scr_e'p aration.-Eq ual p a.rts by we1ght arc tak en of nmrnon i 11111 abo
rn s ulphate. To se arate it v er the ammonium iodide is not q uite
p
('II p
1 ondc and fresh bu rnt lime. The forrn er is to b e reduced to prJwdcr p f om the latter, it i s to b e
hol, when t h ammoni redissolved
and the latt1:r_ sIa kc l · n cove rc d bns"1n The materials :ire off and the filtrate eva um s ulp hate bci
ug insoluble may be fil­
"t!��� ·
e

� hen to be m1 1 e � iu��1 ·water to cause the mn �� tc pcrties.-A.mmonium porat ed or distilled to dryness.

rn to Iu mps. ;�:; w .hole 1s then tran�f� rrcd. to n r :0 ��1�1���:�d
J?<>Wder, without odor, iodide when q uite p ure is n wh te cry�­
with a. rece.iver, a "as h-bott lc contn m mg water, t��r:rg�· w hic h the gas e m its own volume of and havin g n sharp imlinc taste. It 1s
i

cold water, and

in eight or nin e parts of
 MACEUTICS.
73
HOMCEOPATRIC PHAR
72 ROMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTll.. S.
-:,+ plntinum foil it ,·olatil­
re duced. Hontcd on time suspended iu tho
the latter is considerably for some
alcohol. It.a solutions are perceptibly acid to test pnper. ,vhcn e x­
izes in dense wh ite fum which rema in
e s
needle-like crystnls.
posed to the air it attracts moisture nnd undergoe s pnrtial decomposi­ ndense in sma ll
tion, liberating iodine which gives n. yellow color to the suit. air CLDd upon coolin� co ties will be shown by the rosidno left up on
Tests.-The presence o f fixed an.Its will be recognized by the residue Tests.-Fixed impuri tinum foil. Traces of ir on nrc present in
pla
left upon heating n. portiou of ammonium iodide on plati1111111 foil. volatilizing the snlt from commercial product, und sometimes ammo­
the best specim ens o f the rJrro-cy nnidc to
Upon adding to a solution of n.mmonium iodide, silver nitrat e in excess, nd. Upon nd<lin g potassium
a precipitate will fall. As silver iodide is nlmost insoluble in caustic nium sulphate is also fou of nm111oniun1 chloride, n. blue colorntion will
ummonia solution, if the lllttcr be now a<l<lcd in excess the silver iodide a. not too dilute solution present; n. sulphate will be detected by the
may be removed by filtrnlio n. Upon adding nitric nci,I in excc:=:s t o be developed ·if iron he e in ni tric nci <l, occurring when a solutio n of
the filtrate, a merely opalesc en t turbi<lity should occur, a real precipi­ white precipitnto, insolublLo one of' t,hc sal t .
tate indicating the presence of chlori<le or bromide. Sur.h precipitate barium chloride is ndde<l Ncnning, in Gcrmnny.
may be further t.<'stecl by nddin� chlorine w1tter and then some carbon The first proving is by opathic Use.-O nc p
nrt by w eight of'
Prep ara tio n for Ho mc:e nrts by weig ht
of
di-sulphide; ii' the precipilnle l,o :t bromid e, the bromine lihernted by m is dissolved iu nine p
the chlorine water 1s taken up by t.he carbon di-sulphide, color ing the pure chloride of ammoniu
latter red; if it be a chloride n o nltcration of colo r ensues. .futilled water.
A.mount of drug power, 1od as directed under Closs V-u..
1
ir.
Sulphuric acid from sulphate may be known by a while precipit.nto, pnr
Dilutions must be prc m arc p rep ared as
insoluble in nitric neicl, occurri11g when barium nitrate is atl<l ed to the c chloride of ammoniu
acidified solutio n nbovo monti onecl. Triturations of t,hc l>ur
I.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Thc pure iodide of nm­ directed under Clni;s V
m onium is prepared by triturnti ou, ns directed uudcr Class VII. ICUM.
AMMONIUM NITR itrntc of
AMMONIUM MURIATICUM. , Am mo nii Nitras. Nit.rum Flamroans. N
Sy no ny ms
Synonyms, Ammonii Chl orirlum. Ammonium Chloratum. Muri- Ammonium. onium Nitrate.
n.to of' Ammonin. Chl oride of Ammonium. Present Name, Amm
Present Name, Amm onium Uhl oride. Formula, NH 4 NO 3• 80.
Molecular We ight, By ncutrnlizing nm-
Common Name, Sal .Amm oniac. te of Ammonium.-
Formula NH,, Cl. Preparation of Nitra ncid, nnd c\'l\porating the solution to rrys-
ric
Molecular Weight, 53.5. monium hydrate with nit ily obtn.incd. ns-
cnd
Preparation of Chloride of Ammonium.-Among the by­ ·tallization, the �::ti t is'r onium nitrntc forms permanent, odorlcss, traion
Pr ope rties. -A mm by low c,·ap ornl
when t,ho salt is ob tnincd
s
pr o ducts of the destructive t!is tillntion of c oal in the manufacture uf
illumi,mting gns, is the nmmoniacnl liquor, which is heavily charger! parent, hex n gonnl prisms,cv:ipor:ition is done by hent unto complete drny­d
of its solution; w hen t
he
n shnrp saline n
with ammoniu111 cnrbouate 11ml sulphide. "When conl-gns liquor is ystnlline nrnf'Ses. lt hns
neutralized wi th hydrochloric ncid amm onium chlor icle is formed, a nd
ness, the salt is in fibro-crmnsscs it is deli quescent . lL is soluble in two
carbonic oxide and hydrogen sulphide nre liberated. The solu tio n is cooling taste. ,Vhcn in ut ils own volume of hot water and in twenty
parts of cold and in aho tion in water is nccompanicd by a notnblc drn e­
partly cvnp orntccl and the impure a111mo11i11m chlor ide crystallize!! out. parts of alcohol. Its solu e sal nnd wa ter nr e lnk
l'ho crystals nrc rnodcrntely heated in nn i ron pan, to deprive them of equal pnris of th ° t
crease in t emp erature; when . The snlt
°
tarry nuttLor with which they nrc contaminated, and finally arc purified fall i ng of about
2!i C. (45 F.)
eter sho ws n. 2 °
F.) it is rc­
by sublimation in largo iron vesse ls li ned with clay nnd surmounted hy the thermom° ° F.), and at abo ut 200 ° C. (30
at 160 C. (320 l011g g g as ; if t he
fu ses h i11
d omes of lead, ns the vapors net rcndily upon ir on. The purification hyponitrou s oxide or ° , it
solvedl into water nm\ idly, or if it be raised to 320 U. lG08 F.)wer
°
o f the snlt in the plrnrmnccnticnl laboratory is not rccom111c nclcd, ns the oo rap he lo
beat be applie d t
on in o n itrogen , t
with slight explos
t
cost of' n. pure n.rticlo is not high enough to warrant the slight exp ense i
of the procc..<;S. is decompo sed suddenly moni a .
oxides of nitro g n n.nd n.m e ammonium
ium nitrntc ar
e
Properties.-Sublimed ammonium chloride is in white mnsscR of ities in nmmon
fibro-erystalline texture; from its wate ry solutions it cnu be mnde lo Tests.-The u sual impur ery solution shoulcl give no precipilnte
Jts wat cd
cry stnllizc in cubes or octohcdrons, the crystnls being smnll nnd dis­ chloride tmd sulphate. with hnrium nitrnlo solu tion. ,V hcn hcnt i-
with silver nitr ate o r
ssip , a re sidue ind
pos ed in forn-like arrangem en t. The snlt hns n shnrp saline tnstc, a111l ould be com plet el y d i itted

is without o dor; it is soluble in less thnn three pa rts of cold, nnd in upon platinum foil it sh
cating fixe d salts .
one of' boiling water. Ily its solution in water the te mp erature of
 ARMACEUTICS.
75
ROMCEOPATlllC PH
74
an d fi nally dried by
HOMCEOPATHIU PHARMACEUTICS.
collected, drai ned
lize. The crystals are to be
Preparation for Homceooathic U . se_.-Onc part b,r weight of means of bibulous p aper. um v nlcrinnatc i s i n white four-sided t ables,
�urc nitrate of ammonium is dissolv eel Ill nm e parts by weight of di s•
t dlccl water.
Properties.-Am moni va.lcrinnic
alcohol, havin g the odor ofdry air , but
Amou. nt of drug JlOwer, 1 readily soluble in waterh and e. The crystals clll c in
aci d and a sharp, sweetis tast
s e
sal t is readily decom·
ore
D'l_1 ut 10us mus t be prepared
H· as directed under Clnss V-a.. e f m u t hey deliquesce. T he
in the :pre s n o oist re
rianic acid, and en i n its solutions, it
posed llltO ammonia and v atslc acid to test paper after some time from
e c
ev

AMMONIUM PHOSPHORICUM. gives off run�onia and rcnc ic acid.

Synonyms, Ammonii Phosphns · PI1?spImte of Ammonium. the presen ce of free valcrinn a valc riann.tc i s rendered slightly alk aline
Present Name H d · D"mmrnOUIUlll Phosphate. Tests. If n solution of composed by solution of forric chloride,
de
Formula, (NH�h
Molecular Weight 132
l!Pcr��- to test paper, and then fullyed, a red filtrate will i ndicate the presence
and after a sh ort time filtermay be tested in the usual way with biirium
Prep�rati?n of Ph�sph�te of Ammonmm·:-" T�kc of diluted
. . of aceti c a cid. Its solution, for sulphuric and hydrochloric acids. After
.
ph 11�1�l10 n c nc1d, t wenty fl uid. ounc es ' str ong �olut_10n of a mmonia, a chloride and silver uitr ntc excess, its so lution will give a p recipitate
s 11lhc1ency. Adel the amm h,<lnc ac 1_ d until the �olu_tion
the addition of ammonia inif p hosphates are prc.<;cnt. A re sidue left
;:h1? with m agnesium sulphate , res ence of a fi xed
i� slightl_y al kaline, th en c���:1�� t� �1 u m will sho w the p
1
qui ' addmg nmmoma fro m
tim e to t une so as to kec it in sli h . ess, nd wh n the c rystals a re after heating to redness on platin
d j � . salt or compound. ate of
g fi �� athic Use.-The pure vnleri an
x
iiJrmcd, on the cooling f the sol ti ry t 1c� q uic kly ou fil tcr mg­
paper placed on a porous tile' and p resd.1ve them Ill a stoppered bottle." Preparation for Homceoprntiou, as directed under Class VIL
-J3r. P. ammonium is pr epa red by tritu
Properties.-Ammoni um phos hat e fiorm v rge, colorl�, tr nn spar-
�nt crystals, having a coolin g sali1.;e t as t�- , �en exposed to the a ir, AMPELOPSIS.
ucfolia , Michaux.
i t rflloresc es slightly Josin an:mon �t is solubl� in four parts of col d, Synonym, Ampelopsi s Quinq
and mor e readily i� hot �1;:1.t er . it·�� ���ol� ble . Ill a_lcohol an� ether. Nat. Ord., Vit a c:.-c.
Creep er.
c
,�·
"\V h�u heated, or w hen its ate y sko 't
/ is bo_ iled, it parts with am- Common Na me , Virginian vin e , growing in l ow
or rich g rounds
n . t lu i n a we a ly al a l m e t? t':5 t paper. A t a red heat This is a mm n w ody cLimes by root­
ia I es , climbing cxt cns iv ly,
o
!rn?
co o

throughout th e United Statearin g te)l(lrils . Tendrils fixin g thems elve s

s so t o s re k e som
1t ll:I converted, by the loss of n il tl c ammo.ma , m to meta.phosphor ic acid.
Tests.-A watery sol ut ion o/ 1o �phatc should giv c _ no lets as well as by its disk-b by dilnted sucke r-like ,lisks at their tips ;
precipitate when treated wit h m:i:��yu_m . suf�Jude (absence of iron, to tru nks of t rees or w nlls ong-l anceolnt e, sparin g ly serrate leafl ets;
1 111um

lend, etc.), nor a fter acidification wit!.j mtn_c aCi d, with barium nit rat e leaves digitate, with five oblgreenish-white color. Calyx sligh tly fivc­
(absence of su lphuric acid) ' or ' 'tl 1 v e 1· trat� (absence of chloride) . flower-clusters, c ymose, of tn.hick, ex pnndin� before they fol l. Its blos­
T?n J;m rts by weight of the sal t �� h�� h teud to redness, as !,lntcd nbo v e, toothed. Petals concave, its small, blackish berries r ipen in O c tob er.
will, if pu re, lcnve 6.06 par ts of rcsid t:. . . soms appear i n J uly, nntl erican Ivy. ltl:I smooth tlnrk g reen lcnveR
_Preparation.-Thc pur e ph m1phnt of nmmomum IS p rcpnrcd by It is frequently cnllcd Am
tnl umt ion, us directed under <JI� Vll. turn crimson in autumn. of th e fr esh youn g shoots a
nd the fre sh
Preparation.-Equal p:utsed to a pulp nnd weighed . Then two
AMMONIUM VALERIANICUM. bark are chopp ed and pound arc taken , and havin g mix
ed the pul j i
. parts by wei i;;ht of alcoholpart of it, the rest of the al cohol is ndcle < .
Synon yms, Ammonii Vnlc·· n . ynlenauate of Ammonium. thoroughly with one-sixth red, and is then poured in to a well-stoppere d
·
Present Name, .Aiumonim� y�j ,i cu· nuatc. The whole is to be well stir d eight day s in a dark, cool p ince. The
Formula 1 NH 4 C 6 H 0 O 2· bottle, and allowed to stan decanting, straining and filtering.
Mo1 ecul�r Weight, 119. . tincture is th en separat ed bf'c"·
Preparat10n.-Ammonium v lc 1.·mn at s p repared by
Th _ saturat in g Drug power of tincture, dir ected under Class.
val�rianic acid with dry amm o/lb g ns . c method g1veu i n t he Dilutions m ust be prepared as
nrt1clc ammonium cnusticu. m i s to c uscc' ] excep t that the gas is to be
ICULARIS.
fir,.t passed throu h n dry m g:tu�c or b �tlc filled wit h sm all pieces o f AMPHISBCENA VERM
fresh ly bu rnt Jim: Th cn l d ·l the vnlerinnic acid. vescens.
:;� �hei c w !;;tob e known bi'. its ccasi,ng to Synonym, Amp hisbamn. Fla
1
T mpl � urat
he co ete s t i
. .� Class, Rep tili .
redden blue li tmus p nper ' wh en th: ;iqui mny be set ns1clc to crystal-
a
7G J-IOMCEOPA'l'HIC PIIARMACEU'l'lCS.
Order, Snuria.
Family, A1111ulatn.
Poison of rt South American Snake.
This species of snake moves either backwards or forwards, as occn­
sion may require, nud is quite common in the woo<ls of Brazil. Jts
body is cylindrical, from two to two nnd n. half feet long, ter111i1111tcd
hy n very obl,use tnil. It hns uo scales, properly speaking, hut it.5 skin
is cliviclcd into quadrilatcrnl compartments <lisposed in rings around
the bo<ly; 228 on the trunk and :W on the tail. The lower lip is di­
vided into six long and narrow plates; the head is smnll, mthcr sharp,
protected by scutcll::c, nntl not distinguished from the neck. J t hns
small eyes; the jnw is not dilatable, the teeth are conical, lieut, u11-
cqual and distinct from en.eh other; the nostrils are on the sides, an<l
pierced in a single nnso-rostrnl plate. The amphisbrenn. is of a brown­
ish color above, and a pinkish-white under the belly.
• Preparation.-Thc poison tnkcu from the living animal is tritu­
ratcd as directed under Class IX.
AMYGDALJE AMARlE, De Oandolle.
Synonyms, Amyg<lnlus Communis. Prunus Amygdalus.
Nat. Ord., A111ygd1tlc::c.
Common Name, Bitter Almond.
The almond-tree is probably n native of Persia, extending thence to
Syrin, and even to Algeria. It is very extensively cuftivated in various
parts in the Routh of Europe. The tree is fifteen or twenty feet in
height, wil.h spreading branches. Jts leaves are lnnceolate, serrate, nnd
of a hri�ht green color. The flowers arc pale red in color, vnrying
to while. The fruit is it drupe, with a velvety sarcocarp, and marked
with a longitudinal fitrrow, where it opens when fully ripe. ,Vithin
thil' covering is a rough shell, containing the kernel or almond.
The first proving seems to hnve been by Engler, in Germany.
Preparation.-Thc ripe kernel is finely chopped nnd pouncle<l,
covered with fjvc parts by weight of nlcohol, and allowed to stand eight
clays in n wcll-stoppcrecl bottle, in a dark, cool place, shaking it twice
a clny. The tincture is then poured off; strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, T�-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
Triturations arc prepared from the ripe kernel, as directed under
Clnss V ll.
AMYL NITROSUM.
Synonyms, Nitrite of Amyl. Amyl Nitris.
Formula, C.: 6 I-I 11 NO�.
Molecular Weight, 117.
Preparation of Nitrite of Amyl.-Equal volumes of nmyl
alcohol, purified until it has n constant boiling point 132° C. (2G9.6 °
F.), nncl of nitric acid, are placed in a roomy glass retort, such thn.t.
the.mixture shnll only occnpy one-third of its capacity. Heat is n.p-
ROM.CEOPATJIIG J'JIAHMACJ-:UTJt:S. 77
plied and the temperature grnclunlly incrcnscd till the mixture gives
evidence of cbullition, when the source of heat may be rcmo,·cd, the
chemicnl interchange no longer requiring its aid. The impure amyl
nitrite condenses in a cooled receiver, hut only that portion coming
over below 100° C.:. (2J 2 ° F.) shou Id be retained. This should be
washed with caustic soda to rcmo,•e hydMcynnic acid and the lower
oxides of nitrogen, nncl tlu·n rectified ov<'r fused potal'sium cnrhonatc
to separate water. Finally the product so obtni11ed is to be rcdistillcd
and thnt p'nrt of the distillate which co111!'s over between 95 ° and 100°
C. (203 °-'.H2 ° F.) is to be prc�cn·ct! for 111cdicin11I use.
Prope rties.-Arnyl nit.rite is 11. yellowish ethereal liquid, hnving ti
peculiar odor resembling that of over-ripe pcnrs, and a somewhat aro­
matic taste. The hoiling point is about 95 ° or 9G 0 C.:. (10!1 ° -10-!.G ° F.),
n.ml its specific gravil,y from 0.877 to 0.900. When added drop hy drop
to caustic potash while fused by the application of heat, rnlerinnato
of potassium will be formed.
Tests.-Thc purity of a specimen of nmyl nitrite is nssured by its
possessing the nbove described qualiti<'s.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Onc pnrt by weight of
pure nitrite of :1111yl is dissolved in 11inc parts by weight of 95 per cent.
alcohol.
Amou11I, or drng power, T�-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss VI-a.
ANACARDIUM ORIENTALE.
Synonyms, Semccnrpus Anncanlium, Li.nn. Anacardium Offi­
cioanim.
Nat. Ord., Anacnrdiace.-e.
Common Names, �larking-nut Tree. Malaeen. Bean. Annear-
diUJn.
This is n smnll tree, growing in the ,vest Indies ancl other parts of
tropical A mcricn. The nut is he:ut-i!hapcd; it consists of two shells,
with n black caustic flui<l between them, nncl of a sweet oily kernel.
Grcnt precaution is to be a,lviscd in hamlling these nuts, for the juice
coming in contact with an irritalilc skin causes pustular crnptions,
which nrc very painful and difficult to cure. C:nc must be tnkcn to
distinguish the mnrking-nut from the cashew nut, from A. occidentale.
The lnttcr is kidncy-shnped nnd grayish-brown in color; the former is
heart-shaped and is blnck and glossy.
Introduced by Hnhnemann.
Preparation.-Thc crushed seed is covered with five parts by
weight of 95 per cent. alcohol, and allowed to stnnd eight dnys in a
well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, shaking it twice a day.
The tincture is then pourcrl off, strained and filtered.
Drug power of l.incturc, -/rJ.
Dilutions must lie prepared as directed under Cla!;S IV.
Triturntions arc to be prepared from the black caustic fluid contained
in the fruit, ns directed under Class JX.
 78 HOMCEOPATHIC PH.A.Rl\IA.CEU
TICS.
HOl\lCEOPA'l'lllC l'HAHMACEUTICS. 79
ANAGALLIS.
b ranches only_ towfi; rcl tIi_ e t 01 i • It.-, le'LVCS arc pi�natcly clivirlcd, the
Synonyms, Aungallis Arvcnsi
Nat. Ord., J'rimulncerc.
Common Names, Scarlet P imp
s, Linn . leaflets bci_ug III pairs th
ccolate, p omtcd, smoot 1.
t •r!i� . • n·•1. they nrc p ctiolatc, ov atc-l nu•
�f�:.: �;-� nr' e in ter minal pnnic es.
. l The
This p lau t is a uativc of Europe, rnel. Poor Man's Weat.her-Glnss. bark is found i11 commcn'�,n , • l l ong ee es somewhat thick and fibrous,
and freq uently C? VCrcd w1t_h �rowtrl Of j· h. . its colo/ is brown ish­
e
b u t hns bceu natural
co uutry. The sle nder, most ly proc i zed in this
four-edged ; the brauchcs, opposite,umbcat stems are smooth, hrnuclicd, ·1°
g rny extenw l ly, m tcrnnl ly it is ll_ ow. 'rtsei��ior is clisag recnble, nnd
It h·is a resinous fractu re.
site, ovate- lancc olate, entire obtu dilfoscd, the leaves clasping, oppu• the taste is ? ittcr•s1, ; cct ltll\1 rn1_1 c1 a
f :�i;'�;owdc r,' is covcrc<l with live
11u dcrncath. The small but beautifse, with blackish translucent spots Propertles.-lhc Jal , m cm_
hluc or white, arc on long ped ic ul flowers, scarlet, sometimes p urple, parts by wei�ht of al cohol, and l���'tJ:,, b ourccl into a well-�top•
lcs
Co rolla whc c l-Rh:tpcd, with almost in the axils. Calyx five-parted.
pcrccl botLl_c, is allowe d t, ? sta d 1 g_
� .� , ��: r dark, cool pince, b eing
ealyx; the tli\·i�ious hroad. Petno tube, five-par ted, longer thau the shakc11 twice a day. l I ic tmc u1 c I·s tl1c11 11ourcd on; strained aud
minute Leeth or stalked glands. als obovate, obtuse, friugcd with fi l te red. . .
Po<l membrau:tccous, circurncissile, Stamens five; filamen ts bearded. Drug power of tmcturc , , 1(f• •
seeded. The flowe rs' q uickl closi the top falling off like a li d, mnny Dilutious must be prepared ns cl1rected uadc1. Class IV.
gave orig in t o iL.5 co111111on hJn�li ng at the approach of bad weather,
The fl ow<'r-s appear in ,J uly anct Ah unme, Poor Man 's Weather-Glass.
s
ANEMONIN.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plnagust.
u
Formula , cl G nl 4 0 7 ,
on ly), g athered before the develop t (of the scarlet-flowered vnricty Obtained from Anemo ne rr tcns1
pon n<lecl ton. pulp, which is to be ment of the flowers, is cho >pe<l an<l Preparation of Anemonin_.-
� B a· ' '
1 t IJ1 wnter off the leaves
enclosed in a piece of /
subjected to pressure.
The express ed juice is then, with new i uen nud or root, or inckc d the wh � l c l'. c h, / A 8e:, 10 1�; (P.ulsatilla) praten.�is,
111ing led with a u equ brisk ag i tatio n,
al part by A nemorn8a, Hnnimcnbts S ec lei a ;718• �._m d ::t l1cr ·species of the Hnnuncu·
al lowed to stand eight clays in a weight of alcohol. This mixture is Ja �crc, t.hc distilla t is fi>uu<I to co 1 1 r1 J ·mcmonic neid.
well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, r. \11:t!�/b{�'��i:i� �
place, n11d then fi ltered. cool 1
D obrnschinky (> >La1 11s a ncmon_11 1 0• distil lation the
Dl'llg power of tincture, ½. frc,d1 flcmcr ing h�rb .I�- p r alci'.s ,.: I · .. tcr ll' itl1 OII C·tcnth pnr t of
Dilutious must be prepared as dire uc � / i11c �hl oroform extract in hot
•·li l orofor rn and d1sso l v 11 1g tl 1c 1 <'SI( t"1H
cted under Cl ass I. ·
� lcohol ; the ' ancmoniu tl 1 �11 s_epamtcs m crysL a I s
properties .-A nc mon 111 is a camp1 101-. I'i I·,c iiody ' crystn llizi1w in
a
ANAp4THERUM MURICA
the tri-mctr ic �ystc '.n . . ']'I ic crysta I s arc •, t. r'·111slparcnt and coI0171,lfo, -
TUM.
Synonyms, A11dropogon Mu without odor and. IJl( l rfforcnt to test p.1p c1s . n the co ld they arc
Viv:wa. ricatus, Retz. Vetiveria Odorata ·
, spa rin gl y so I' ubi c III a 1co I10 I · Ethe r ·.•rnd water• l11ssoIve b11 t little , C\'Cll
Nat. Ord., Gra111i11c:u. at L I IC bo T oint Chl oroform d,s�o 1\CS . it ieal. n. The cry�tals
Common Names, Benn. Cus u 8. no2 0 F.) giving off \\'atcr nnd acncl vapors, f'or'.11·
I);
cus. Vetiver. Viti-vayr. � oflcn at ��i�
A well k1101n1 grass in the Enst Ind � ng, probabl y, a n. c11. 1>Ol),
I· h,r in this state the s11b�t:111 cc has n hu 111•
tns Islands for its n1cdical use; the ies, cultivated on the l\fn1·knr<'n•
root is aromatic and stimulating ot· llf.!
l t ste, nn<) <•avr!'l thr. tong' ue' 111 r 11h_ for some ,l:tys :ifl,1,nrn rd.
diaphorctic.
Preparation for Homceopa,�hic Use -A1icmonin is prepared
a l

Preparation.-Thc root in hy t ritu rntion , as di rected under Class Vll:

parts by wcigl1t of al cohol, and coai·se powder is covered w ith five
then
tle, nnd :tl loll'cd tp stand eight day poured i nto a wel l-stoppered b ot­
twice a day. The tincture is th s Ill a dark, cool phce, shaki11g it
en po urerl off, strained
ANGELICA ARCHANGELICA, hi1111.
Drug power oJ' ti11ctur-e, r1 • and filtered.
Synonym, Arclmn�?lic a O/l icinali�. llo.([m.
Di lutions must he prep ared (f
as diJ-ected under Class IV. Nat. Ord., Umhcl l tfc nc.
Common Name, Garde n A ngel ica. .
ANDIRA INERMIS, Ifonth. The root of garden angelica is 1 fl I , s111 )lied with
Synonyms, A11d i ra Refusa. n u me rous_ fibres, :rn<! :ends up nn m '. f!1�:t t;.�:1���;1 1��11�;1' s�iooth stem,
Nat. Ord., Lcg-11rn inos::c. Geoffroya Inermis. r,11rpl ish Ill co l nr r1s11blf vc f; ct \ J�H;rc in h� ight, ai'id branching.
� �
Common Names, Bastard Cab The kavcs arc l a, rgc , 1·J >111 ! 1� c ,lc�dlct s ovatc-l anecol atc, pointed, se�·
This tree, a uative of Jamaica, bage Tree. Cabbao-e Tree Bark.
aud of other West fndia Islands
't . ·
rate. The flowers :i re grcc111s Hv, 11 1 c .1_ 11<1 sma•.l l . .The plant is c11lt1 •
.'
, vatcd in gar den s in Europe, and occns1011nlly Ill tI us counLI).
80 HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEU'rICS.
Preparation.-The dried root in conrsc powder is coverc<l ll'ith
five parts by weight of alcohol. H:wing poured it into a wcll-stop­
pcrccl bottle, it is allowed to slnnd eight days in a dark, cool place,
and shaken twice a day. The tincture is then poured off; strained and
Iiltcrcd.
Drug power of tincture, 1¾f.
Dil111ion::; m11st be prcparetl as <lircctcd under Class IV_
ANGUSTUR.lE CORTEX.
Synonym, Galipca Cnspari:L, St. Hilaire.
Nat. Ord., ltnULccrc.
Common Name, Ang11sturn or Cusparia Bnrk.
Thi.� i · a �m:tll tree, irregul:Lt·ly brn1JChed, rising to the height of
fifteen or twenty feet, ll'it.h nn erect stem from three to five inchc� in
diameter, nll(l covered with a &mooth, gray bark. The tree grows
nbundnntly on the mouutains of Caroni, in Venezuela, between the
7th and 8th degrees of N. latitude. The bark is found in commerce
in flattish or chnnnelcd pieces, iu lengths varying from one to three
inches, nn inch or more wide and about one-eighth of an inch thick.
Its outer siclc is covered with a cork-like layer, yellowish-grny in color,
and easily rcmovn.ble. Beneath this layer is a dark brown resinous
surface. Its frn.cturc is short and resinous,"and is dotted with sharply
defined white points, these being aggregations of calcium oxalate crys­
tals. The ta�tc of the bark is bitter, and its odor is disagreeable.
It wns firi;t proven hy Hnh , ncmann.
Preparation.-Thc dried bark,reduced to a coarse powder, is cov­
rrecl with five parts by weight of alcohol. Having poured the mixture
into a well-stoppered bot.tic, it is allowed to stand oi �ht days in a dark,
cool place, sh:1 king it twice a clay. The tincture 1s then poureJ oil;
strainecl nn,l filtered.
Drug power of tincture, T\·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
ANISUM STELLATUM.
Synonym, Illici11rn Anisatum, Linn.
Nat. Ord., i\f:tgnoliace:.u.
Common Names, Star Anise-Seed. Badiane.
The fruit. or a s111all tree, native of the southwestcrn provinces of
China. TI, ,ms introd11ccd at an early period into Japan. The fruit
is star-shaped, made up of eight one-seeded carpels. The seer! is ellip­
tical, somewhat llattencrl, truncated on one side; its upper edge is
kcelccl, the lower rounded. Star anise has an agreeable, aromatic
taste anti smell, resembling fennel in these respects. ·when powdcre,l
it. IC!Lvcs a sub-acid nficr-tnste. It must not be confounded with the
ordinary anise of the United States and British Pharmacopmias.
It was first proved by Dr. Frnm:, Germany.
Preparation.-Tho dried, powdered fruit, is covere<l with five.
IIOMCEOPATRIC PHARMACEUTICS. 81
parts by weight of alcohol. Having poured the . mass into a well-stop­
pered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight clays 111 a dark, co?l pince,
shaking it twice a day. The tincture is then poured off, strnmed and
filtered.
Drug po1Ycr of tincture, iir•
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
ANTHEMIS.
Synonym, Anthcmis Nobilis, J./inn.
Nat. Ord., Compositrc.
Common Names, Common Chamomile. Romn.n Chamomile.
A small, creeping, perennial plant, puttin� forth in th� latter part
of the summer solitary flower-heads. It IS abundant m Southern
England, is found in Ireland, and is plentiful in So�1th_ern E_urop�­
Stem prostrate, branching from the bnsc; leaves finely mc1secl, pmnat.1-
fid segments linear subulate. The flowers arc like those of the com­
po;it::e in general. 'They :uc from ouc-h:ilf to three-fourths of an inch
across with a hemispherical iuvolucre, made up of a number of equal
bracts'. Receptacle conical. The ray florets in the wild state number
t,rclve or more, and arc white, narrow, strnp-shnped, and toot�ed at
the encl. The disk florets m·c yellow and tubular. In the cult1vatcd
plant the lig,)late fl?rcls predominate ?vcr or replace entirely the tubu­
lar ones. Mmute Oil glands arc spanngly scattered over the tubul�r
parts of both kinds of florets. The whole plant hns a strong aromatic
odor and bitter taste.
Drs. l\farcy and Peters seem to have first collectecl symptoms from
provings of the whole plant.
. .
Preparation.-The \\'hole, fresh plant, gathered _when co,'�mg mto
flower, is choppccl and pounded to a pulp and �\'�1ghed. Ihcn two
parts by weight of nlcohol arc ta.ken, and after m1x111g the p�lp thor­
oughly with one-sixth part of it, the rest of the alcohol 1� nrlclccl.
After stirring the whole well, and pouring it into IL wcll-stopper?d hottl?,
it is allowed to stand eight clays in a dark, cool place. '1he t.111ct11rc 1s
then scpnrntcd by decanting, straining nnd lilt.cring.
Drug power of tincture,/:-.
Dilutio�s must be prepared as directed under q1nss III.
ANTHOXANTHUM ODORATUM, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Gramincm.
Common Name, Sweet Vernn,l Grnss. .
This is a perennial, found growing in m?aclow�, w ?ods and 0!3 river
banks, in Arctic Europe, Northern Africa, S1bcna! Dahurm nn �l
Greenland· and has been introclucetl into North America. Its stem 1s
from six td eighteen inches high, shining. Lca�cs flat, hairy; sl1enths
_
furrowed, often pubescent, mouth pilose. Pan1cle one to five mches
_
long, pubescent or villous; branches short. Sp1kelets one-quarter tCI
one-third inch long, fascicled, often squnrrose, green; empty glumes
r.
 82 HOMCEOPATHJC PHARMACEUTIC5.
ovntc, ncntc, upper lanceolntc, nlm?st nwncd; two succeeding glnmes
two-lobed, pilose, nwn in the sinus, slernler, cxserted; flower glnmc
smaller, ghtbrous, obtuse, nwule..�. Pnlcrc one-nerved. , 'cnlcs none.
Stam<'ns two, anthers large, lincnr, yellow; ovary _ glnbrons, styles _10!1�,
stignms feathery. Fruit terctc, acute, enclosed m the brown-shmmg
flower glnmc :rnd pnlcrc. Flowers appcnr iu May and June.
Preparation.-Thc fresh hcrh, iu flower, is chopped and pounded
to n pulp rrnd weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol nro
takcu, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth pnrt of it, and the
rc.�t of the alcohol added. After stirring the whole well, and pouring
it iuto a well-stoppered bottle, it is nllowcd to stand eight days i1� n.
tl:irk, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, stra111-
in!! and filtering.
JJrng power of tincture, A.
0
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
ANTHRACITE.
Vast masses of the ycgctntion of pre-historic times hin·ing hcc_ n bur­
ied, subjected to pressure aud prob�bly to a mode of f?rn!cul:1t10!1, :ire
now found by man ns coal. Of tins there are three pr111c1pnl vanet1c�,
li"nitc
0 ' bituminous
coal and anthracite. The latter contnins about 90
per cent. of carbon, a little over 3 per cent. of hydrogen, IIIH 1 so111?l1_1111g
· Introduced into our Matcria Mcrlicn. hy Hahncmn1m.
less than 3 jicr cent. of oxygen, with less than 1 pet· cent. each ot !11�ro­
gcn nnd sn_ l?hur, whi!e of ash it _ giv � nbont 1.5 per cent., cons1sL111g
chiefly of silica, n,]umma and ferric oxide.
Anthracite, or stone coal, is found in many p arts of the worlcl, but
enormous deposits of it exist in Pennsylvania, U. S.
Preparat ion.-Anthrncitc is prcpnrcd by irituration ns dircclcJ
under Class VIL
ANTHRAKOKALI.
Synonym, Lithanthrakokali Simplex.
Preparation of Anthrakokali.-To seven J1nrts of freshly pro
pared caustic potash in a state of fusion arc ncldc five pnrts of fine!:,
1:ulvcrizcd an_thrncite co�l, (w�1ich, for the �riginally proved _ pr�1mrn•
t1on was obtamed from l•llnfkirchen, n town 111 the Baranya chstnct of
llu1;gnry); the vessel js tnken from the fire, and the mixture tritur­
atcd till a perfectly uniform black powder is formed, which is preserved
in small, well-stoppered bottles.
Properties.-Rightly prepared anthrnkoknli is n black, very
subtle, staining powder of alkaline taste; is inodorous nud becomes
moist in the air without deliquescing.
Tests.-Five grains of the preparation dissolvccl in an ounce of
distilled water yield a darkish-brown solution, so dnrk indeed that
nftcr all insoluble matter has subsided the liquid is translucent only in
thin layers. . . .
Preparation for Homceopath1c Use.-Anthrnkoknh is pr<'­
parcd by trituration as directed 111Hlcr Clnss VII. l t lllust be preserved
• in well-stoppered bottles.
IlOMCEOPATIIIC PHARMACEUTICS. 83
.A�TIMONIUM CRUDUM.
,· Synonyms, Antimonii Sulphurctum. Stibium Sulphurctum Nig·
·rum. Tersulphurct of Antimony. �ulphurct of Antimony. Black
'(Crude) Antimony.
Present Name, Antimonious Sulphide.
Formula, Sb 2 S 3 •
.Molecular Weight, �40.
• Origin.-1:he crystallized lri-sulphidc of nntimony occurs as a
natural mineral called stihnitc, grny antimony or antimony glance. It
is the source of all the antimony of colllmcrcc. It is found in various
localities in Huognry, Gcrlllany, France, England nod the United
States.
�· Properties.-It is found in mnsscs of nggrcgntcll uccuks, having
a metallic lustre and of a lcnd-grny color, inclining to stccl-gray, some­
times iridescent. It produces n. streak of its own color. · It is easily
fusible, thin splinters mcltin" even in the flame of a candle.
The crude substance should be used for homccopathic prcpnrations,
those·pieccs having the largest nnd most brilliant lamimc bein g
selected. The pieces must be powdered, and ground with wnter, on a
h�d stone. This process _ will, nfl.cr several rcpctiti�ns, give a l?lacki �h
powder, perfectly pure, without smell or tnstc, nod· lllsoluble mther m
water or alcohol.
· Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Thc ·pure nntimonium
,?I'udum is prepared by triiurntion, as directed under Glass VlI.
ANTIMONIUM IODATUM.
Synonyms, A ntimonii Iodidum. Antimonious Iodide. Tcriodide
of Antimony.
Formula, Sb J 3•
Molecular Weight, iiOl.
Preparation of Iod ide of Antimony.-Nicklcs prepares this
compound by trcnting p11lvcri1.cd antimony with iodine dif'.�olvcd in
carbon di-sulphide. The iodide dii,solvcs in the liquid anti crystallizes
erefrom in red tabular hcxugonnl crystals.
.Properties.-Thc crystnls of" antimonious iodide are permanent
the afr, and diiosolve slowly hut complclcly in carbon di-sulphide,
W. are readily decomposed by w�tcr,_for111ing nn oxyio?idc,_and bJ: al­
e hydrates and cnrhonatcs, y1cldmj? then pure ant11nomous oxide.
reparation for Homceopathic Use.-lodide of notimooy is
d by triturntion, as directed under Class VII.
ynonyms, Antimonii Oxidum. Antimonious Oxide.
esent Name, Aotimonious Oxide.
ormula, Sb 2 0 3 •
Olecular Weight, 288.
 CEUTlC.:S. 85
HOMCEOPATIIIC PllAllMA
84 HOMCEOPATHIC PllARMACEU'rIC8.
s,
golden s11\phi,lc of antimony i
Preparation of Oxide of Antimony.-The tri-oxido of nnti- Properties and Tests.-Thon process, :i reddish-brown powder.
111ony cnn be cu.sily obtained by heating the tri-sulphide with strong when prcpttred by the above give n trc ttLCU with hydrochloric acid
evolves
hydrochloric acid, adding acid as long as hydrogen sulphide continues· lt is insoluble in water nutl whe chloride. A so\ut,i ou of the gol<lcn
hydrogen sulphide arnl forms sh,,11\d give no precipitate with barium
a
to be given off. The solution of tri-chloride thus formed is to be
thrown into a large amount of water, when decomposition takes place sulphide made in l.ioiliug water late. \V hcu sixt,y grnius o f t he rnl­
and the so-called oxychlor ido (powder of Algaroth) is pr ecipitated. chloride, or with a u1111u11ium oxa oric acid anti the solution thrown
i 11�0

This is to be repeatedly a&itated with fresh suppl ies of water till free phido arc dissolved iu hydro chl falls which when d ried weighs about
from acid reacti on in each case, a llowing the powder to settle und distilled wat.or, a white pr ecipitate
f
drawing of the supcruataut water by a syphon. Finally, the oxy­ fifty-three grains. , Germany.
chloridc is to be treated with a strong solution of sodium carbonate, J?u-st provcu by Dr. l\faycrhoforthic Use.-The pure sulphuratcd
Preparation for Ho mce opa
and the mixture allowed to stand, with occasionnl agitation for some 1 n.'l directed under Clas s VII.
hours. The resultin� trioxide is remov ed by filtmtion, and rcpcatc�ly antimony is prepared by trit.uru.tio1 1
washed till the wash111gs giv e no precipitate with a solution of silv er
ICUM.
nitrate acidulated with nitric acid. ANTIMONIUM TARTAR
s Emoticus. Tar­
Properties.-Autimon ious oxid e is a white or greyish-white heavy sii-tartras. Tartaru
powder at ordinary temperatures, but turns yellow when heated, insol­ Synonyms, Antimonii Potns cum . Tar t a to of Antimony and
Tar tnri r
uble in water, but dissolving readily in hydrochloric or tartaric acid. tarus Stibiatus. t:;tihio-Kali ny.
It melts below a red heat, and sublimes when raised to a h igher tcm- Potassium. T:utarat cd Antimo ,imonium Oxytartrntc.
11crature in a closed vessel; when heated in the air it a bsorbs oxygen, Present Name, l'otas.'!io-ant
ctic.
Common Name, Tartar E111
becoming changed into th e tetroxide. Its solution in hydrochlori<; 0 + H� 0.
nc itl yields a whi t.e precipitate with water, and au omnge-rc d precipi- Formula, 2 0 4 J\ 4 K (8h 0) 0
Molec ula r We igh t, lili-1 . ° °
F.)
ta te wi th sulphu re t.ted hydrogen. cl ounces of w ater at 100 C, (212
Tests.-Oxide of antimony di ssolves completely when boiled with Preparation.-'l'o eighteen !lui of oxi , of antimony nn<I two -an d-a.­
ces
in a _glass vessel, add two ountartrnte. Both substances must be in the
lc
nci<l potassium tartrate in excess (absence of earthy impuritics,. ctc.),
and its solution in tartar ic aci d is not precipitated by silver nitrate half ounces of acid potassium together before being ad,lc d to the water.
(chlorides), barium chloride (sulphates), or potassium ferrocyanide state of fine powder and mi xed an hour arnl filtered while ho t. The til­
The mixture is to he hoilccl fo ll ize. The crystals arc to be rc111ovc d 1 an,l
r
(metals).
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Thc pure oxid e of an­ trate is to be set aside to crysta a closely stoppcro<l bottle. For further
timony is prepared _by triturntion, as <lir eoted under Class VIL dried; they should be kc\)t iu l ve d in water, and
precipitated from this
purific.'1.tion, they arc rcd 1 sso of minute crystals.
ANTIMONIUM SULPHURATUM AURATUM. solution by alcohol in the form c is in colorlc!<.'l trnnsparcnt rhombic oc-
Properties.-Trtrtar emeti become op:up1c 011 exposure to the nir.
i ch
Synonyms, Antimonii Sulphuratum Aurc um. Sulphuratcd An - tohedrons or tetra hedrons, wh allic. They arc soluble in fourteen or
t imony. Golden Sulphurc t of Antimony. Golden Sulphur. ir tast e is sweeti sh ancl met not nt nil
The
two pa rts of boiling water, am\111cs decom­
Composition, Sb 2 S� nnd Sb 2 S 3 mixed w ith a small amount of fifteen parts of cold and in , and bcc
a cid to test p ape
r o
Sb 2 0 3 , the latter varying in quantity. in alcohol. The solution is y metals, by tnnni c acid
Preparation of Sulphurated Antimony.-One part of pure mo s me a lic sa l ts, salts of the c ar),h
posed by t t l
nn ti monious sulphide, obtained by fusing the nat ive sulphide, the re­ and by free alkalics. of tartar emetic in fifteen p
arts of 1\is-
sidue being treate d by elutrintion and afterward submitted to the ac­ Tests.-Dissolve one p arttemperature; after shaking, the s olut ion
t ion of ammonia water in the cold for some days, is a dded to twelve tilled water at the ordin ary so. Both aci<l anti nor111al potassium
parts of a solution of soda containing 5.6 per cent. of pure sodi um 'hy­ shoul d be cl ear or ver y nearlyecl if present. Portions of the solution
drate in distilled water. To the m ixture is added thir ty parts of dis­ tartrate w ill remain undissolvi um chloride, i;i\vc r nitrate, ammonium
tilled water, nod the whole is boiled at a gentle heat for two h ours, treated with solut io ns of bar anide should suffor no change in color
w ith co nstant stirring. Distilled water must be added from time to oxalate and p ot assium ferro-cythe presence of sulphates, ni t rntcs, cal­
Lime to supply the loss by ev1tporation. The liquid is to b e strained at nor become turbid, otherwise rnls is indic ate,\ (the silver sol
ution should
,mce through a strainer of doubled cotto n clo th, and into it hC'foro it cium, copp er or iron compou For the d etection of arsenic, Bcttcndo rf's
,·ools at all, dilute sulphur ic ncirl is to be dropped as long as the adrli- be added in a. few dro ps only). grai ns of tartar omelic with nearly twice
1 ion of the a cid causes a precipitate. The precipitate must be wnshc d method may b e used. A fow placed in a tost-t,ube with ten or twelve
with distilled water un til the washings arc no longer rendered turbid as much staunous chloride arc
hy t,lic addition of barium chloride sol ution. Lnstly, the precipitate L'!
to h� dried and reduced to powd er.
 87
l'iIAltM AC EU'l'lC::i.
llO!llCEOPATillC
to ti?1e
86 . pi.er ced b y a u 1 r ore. From timeswe etish
,
ROMCEOPATHIC I' HARMACEUTICS.
w hic h i s a thi ck
� ces ea.eh of � tJ�: d;.ops of
purls of n 25 per cent. hydrochloric acid, thorou ghly ngitatc<l and then :e �xudes thro �1gh th . �c , ?rificfi1:��:� �·ec<l upon the sap contain?1 � i1_1
1gLha.11. I_he s atest avllh�),
heat.eel to boiling for three minutes, u nless n. reaction shoultl appear fluid called "lion up the 1rcu1a Lin g f luids w itht. the gre the posterior
sooner. If arsenic be present a brown precipitate occurs. J f' a ;;o to the leav. es, suckin g c _ va�.ses out hrou gh
··Lt1 s't· ) ' the liquor
"1.
;35 per cent. hydrochloric acid be u sed the change will occ u r immedi­ &nd when gorged cnhe<l. l
ately. The precipitate is to be coUect.ed, washed :rntl dried, aud when as above des f p ro �'C\I ''. L ··� e
p D :Mey er of C.:erm;u1):, ir?t sec
o
r c vcrc(l with fiv e
h eated in a reduction-t ube gives the well known arscnical mirror.
.- The liv e in ts,_ i: e l a c ocrcd bottle, �n<l
The drug appears first in Homroopathic Materirt l\[c<lica in IIart- �-e ara tio n u\ • w'cl opp
l-st
1:rnli and Trinks. pts {y wcigl.it of cig�alcohol, po\1rc(\ 1 ;1t�k cool place, the wh�le bei n g
1� day� i 1 ofl; stramcd and
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-0110 part liy weight of �ll:wed to r emain . Ihc tmc� u!O � \:\1:cn 11ourcd
e n. day
pure tartar emetic is dissolved in uiuot.y-uiuc parts uy weight of dis­ shaken twic
tilled wat er. filtered. . t 1c, . 1
Amount of drug power, Th• Drug power of tincp1c � purc .1 �- a s directed under
, ass Iy
Cl
Dilutions must be prepared as direct.eel under Class V-/3. Dilutions must be
Trituralions of puro tartar emetic arc prepared as directed uutlor
CA.
Class VIL APIS MELLIFI
ANTIRRHINUM LINARIUM, Linn. Class, In �ecln.
cra.
Order, llym�nopt
Synonym, Linnrin. Vulgaris, j}Jiller and Lindley. Family, A pHl:c. Honey nee. . . also c ult1-·
Nat.Ord.,, ·croph u lariacorc. Common Name . , �'.C' t r ves in swarms 111 the wilds ' and is o val u ab • lc
This well known 111:; 1;hmIc nls, ml wnx, tw
Common Name, Common Toad-Flax.
er csl ahh • . to furnish honey a
This is :i perennial herliaceo u s plant., lictween one and two feet high, atc< l in p rop
with alternate, crowded, linear lc:wcs, and a dense rncem e of yellow v roclucts o f ils i1�ilusL ry. . . F Hum ihreys, New York: . c� b)
spurr ed llowcrs. It is indigenous to E urope, b u t has lieen introduced f rst pro v1n � ,�as b_y bottle, ar? irnla_t
p T he i
ati on. -'Ih c h� e])1bees.', l>t�t into a t heir weight of chlu te
into this co u ntry, and is found in great abuudnnce aloug the roadsides Pre.
par ,h.c m 1s pourctl 11vc times . \ ,, being sha en
k
and in old fields throu gh the l\Ii<ldlc Stutes. It flowers from J unc to shakmg, a11( 1 upon t is n II . l to remain e1g it l1 nysnn <l fi\ terc<l.
October. The plant when fresh has a. somewhat disagrecalile odor, alcohol. The whol� 1 t11r_ cO_"�t� \ ,en poured
off, st rained
which is in a. grea.t part dissipated by dryiug. tw ice a day. Th� �1 1ctm � c, Tlfl• , ex• cept that
Drurr0 power ol t1n >rep•1rct 11s c1·11.ectccl uncler Clnss IV.
•
Preparation.-Thc fresh plant in /lower is chopped an d pounded
to n, pulp nnd weighed. Then two parts by w eight of alcohol arc Dilutio ns m ust h 0 ous.
eJ i'or \i1c 2x - ·l•lld 1 dilut.i
taken an<l the pulp mixed thoro u ghly with one-sixth part of it, and dilute alcohol he u s
the rest of the alcohol added. After stirring I.he whole w ell, au<l
pouring it into a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight API UM VIRUS.
days in a dark, cool place. The tinctu re is then separated liy d ecant- y Bee. i C. Bering.
ing, straining and filtering. Poison of the Hone prcpnrnt.on f rst rlonc hy Dr. poiso�1 ha
The proYing ot' tl1is r with t. h c
Drug power of' tinct ure, ¼. n.- J?r :iw o�1 � t_;) C s'�-��g togethe g, in se rt �he 1�0111t
of­
P re para tio 1 1:old of the ha
Dilutions m ust be prcpa.rcd ns directed under Class III. n l,�cgn111l sq1 1 ee1.c the pois on 111_ l.o it. ��\
from n. bee freshly lo l led. i;I tu
nal l g ln� se e_ i: -i5111 '.l 1
the sting int o :i. i; 1_
n. pa11. o f 11in ccrs . and nllow it togartr. , \\ hic t " 1
APHIS CHENOPODII GLAUCI. takc a live bee with . t
tmg ' in to (The s u
wi l imm ed ia tely " � ncc um ulated to
u\ mp of sug .
nr . It l
ess m1 L tl enou h. is d u nder Class
Class, Inscctn. oiso n. R c cat this proc
. e cte
absorb the p . � . uratc cl as d
"'·
u
Order, Hhynchota. This poison is trit
Family, Aphid:.-c. start a tritu ration.
Common Name, Pinnt Lo u se from Chenopodiwrn Glaiu:um,. VIII.
UM, Linn.
These lice a.re found in grent auundance upon the oak-leaved goose- DRO SJEMIFOLI
foot ( Chenopodi1tm Glaticmn, Linn.), from which I.hey arc gnthcrccl. APOCYN UM AN
ce::c.
The head is small and fumishcd with a long t u b ular beak, which is N at. 0 r d., Apoc)·napt·c·1. din g Dog's Banc.
e, S
situatc(l pcrpcndicnlarly between the fore l egs. The body is snft., ovnl, Comm on Nam
and prr ,ided at the posterior e xtremity with t.wo slightly raised emi•
 88 HOM<EOPATHW PFIARMACRUTICS. . HOM<EOPA'l'IlIC PHARMACEU'l'ICS. 8D
_This _ p_e rcnnin) h erb is two or three feet high , and
m ilk)'. .Jtncc, wl11ch exudes upon wounding the plant nhouncls in n Formula, 0 17 H 1 7 N0 2 ,
stc11_1 1s erect brnnch cd nbove, tnd of a re I color u11 . The smooth Molecular Weight, 267.
. . .
;, : the side exposed
to tile sun. � he len.ves nrc pctwlcd , oppos�ite, ovate, acute, enti Preparation of Apomorphia.-By hentmg morphmc m n
re, a11d sealed tube to 140 -150 U. (:LS..J, -302 F.) for two or t h ree hou r !i
° ° 0 °
two or_ three rnchcs long. · l'hc pnlc, rosc-colored flower
sr rcndm g �ymcs. The corolla tube 1. much longe r s are in loose, with ii large excess of h ydrochloric acid,_ the elements of o_ne molccu_lc
\\'Ith �p�·c:i dm g border._ Tl)c fn11t _ � thnu the calyx, of water are abstracted from the morphmc and t h e rcsultmg alkaloul
cous1sts oftvo long slender follicles, is apomorphinc. The reaction is ex hibited as follows: cfi1 II 111
cont11111111g 111)11iernus 1111bn?nt rl seeds, nttaclid to cc11trn
and each h :tv11i" a lo,�g tuJt of� silky . l receptacle,
down at the apex. The plant is . No 3 - H 2 O = C.: i1 J-J 11 NU 2 . The process is not so simple . ns t h e
found all over Ll1c U111tcd StatC's north of the Carol cquatiou woulil indicate, fo r the product. nctun1 ly o IJt:11nc . d 1s a com-
June and July. inas. It flowers in pouud of npomorphia with hydrochloric ncid. T_h c snm c Loc_ly m�Y.
The first p ro,·ing is by D r . ,J. Henry, United State be prepared by digesting morphia with cxct'�s of hydrochlon 9 acH,
Preparation.-Thc fresh root is chopped ar id s. under parnflin on the watcr-lmt.h for sonic days. By decomp?smg the
anti weig h ed. T h en two parts by weight of alcohpounded to a pulp hydrochlo rntc with �odium . hicnrbonnte the bnsc m�y be obtnmcd as_ n
_ to the air.
pulp mixed tho roughly with one-sixth part of it ol are taken the snow-white m ass, wl11ch quickly turns green on _ cxposme
alcohol added. After_ s�i rri11g the whole we I, ai;dand the rest of tho The h yrlrochlorntc nets in a simila r _nrnnner, ns_ will be see_n below.
wcll-sto1�1?c rcd_ bo ttle, (t 1s allowed to stand eight ) pouring it into n Properties.-Ilydrnc h lorntc of apo1�iorph111e comes m � om111c1<. ,�
ditys in a dark, cool in n1norphous masses o r ir'. the c rystallmc sta�c, or as a m1:'turc ot
J? lac�. I he t111cture 1s then scpnrated by decan
filtenng. tiug, straining and both for111s. It is soluble m about 30 parts of wate r at mcdm m (cm­
Drng power of tincture,!. pe rntmcs nncl in about 25 parts of al�ohol. lts identity is detcrmm cd
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class by it.CJ bchnvior to th e ni r, to certnm solvc�ts and reagents. Apo­
III. morp h in. itself is a. colorlc�s '!morphous nlknlm d ; wl!en exposed to the
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. air it abso rbs oxygen nnd quickly turns green, nll(I 1s then lcl's soluble
in water, imparting to its solution in t l_1c latter nn ? mcrnld-g recn co_lor.
Nat. Ord., Apocynncerc. It is then soluble iu :Llco h ol, producmg a g r ccn1Sh-colorcd_ solut.wn,
Common Name, American Indian Hemp, w h ile its solutiou in ether and beuzol are pu rple-red, nnd rn chlc!ro­
a faulty term; (better
s\mply, American Hemp). form, violet. It is ra rely found colorless, usually_more or le.�s grccn1sh­
In g cncrnl n.ppenrnncc nnd c h arnctcr, this specie grny. As in the process _only ab?11t 10 pa r ts of apomorpl11_nc arc ol�­
semblance to the prcccdin�. The stems arc, howev s hears a close re­ tainccl from 100 parts of morphm nml some special techmcnl �pp_li­
lca".cs :ire smaller and �!11ckcr thn11 in the preced er, more erect; the nnccs nrc rC<J11ired to prevent its oxidation _hy cxpo�ure to the n11·, its
pn111culn.t.c; the corolla 1s small nnd g reenish, withing; th e cymes arc production s h ould he left to the manufoc_tunng cl)em1st.
than t_ he _ calyx, and an erect border; the internal a tube not longer Tests.-In addition to the properties ment !oncd nb �ve may be
a rc p111k1sh or pu rple. The plnr1 t grows in similarparts of the floll'cr given some of the points of_ clifforcncc bct,1:cC'n !ls bchnv1or and !l) n t
an1rosremffolimn, rlow rs abo u t the sa111c period, situations with A.
� and bears a similar of mo rphia under si111ila r c1r cU1_11stn11�cs; first, _ i ts g r �atcr S<�lul�1ltt _y
.
frmt, excep t that the foll1clcs arc 111orc slende r ; care in w11,tcr and alcohol, hut. c�pC<'llllly m ct.hcr,
must be taken not _ 111 wl_ 1 1ch Ill?! ph11� 1s
to confound these two varieties. almost insoluble. T h e well lrnmrn test, forr1c chlondc, wl11cl_i gives
First prov?d by Dr. Black, of EnglanG. with morphia a grccnish-1.iluc colorntion, p roduces in even 1 per cent.
Preparat10n.-The fresh root is c h opped nn<l pound solutions of apomorphi n. :L dark nmetl�yst t1_nt. , .
ed to a pulp ,
and we)g hcd. Then two ]!arts by _weig h t of alcohol
are taken Preparation for Homceopath1c Use .-1 h e pure apomo1.pl11a
p u lp mixed thoro u ghly with one-sixth part of it, , and the is prepa red by trituration, ns di rected under Class VII.
when the rest of the
alcohol is to be nd<lcd. �er stirring the whole well,
. and pouring it into
a well-stoppercd _ bottle,.1t 1s allowed to stand eig h t days iu a dark, cool AQUILEGIA VULGARIS, Linn.
p ine�. The tincture 1s then separated by decanting,
filterm g. straining and Nat. Ord., Ranunculacerc.
Drug power of tincture, ¼. Common Name Common Garden Columbine.
Dilutions must be preparecl as directed under Class III. 1-)1) T h is perennial hc1-'b is_ a. nati,·? of E�1ropc, whe re it grows in woody
low g rounds and forests; 1t 1s cultivated rn our ga rdens ns nu ornamc11tnl
APOMORPHIA. flower. The stem is from one to three foct high, the leaves nearly
smooth, g l aucous, bitcrnatc, lcnflct.'l bifid anrl trifid, with rounded or
Synonyms, Apomo rphia Hydroch lorate. Apomorphi ovoicl lobes · the flowers at t h e edges of the stem au d brnnches arc pen•
::e Hydro­
c h loi.is: · Mu ria tc of Apomorphia. Apomorphine. dant, blue �r b rown, ra rely rosy, wit h incurvcd spurs.
 DO HOMCEOPATHIC l'IIAHMACEUTICS.
Preparation.-The entire, uncultivated, fresh, blooming plant, is
ch�ppcd and pounded to 11. pulp and thm1 weighed. Then two pnrt.c; hy
_
wc11-:ht o'. alcolllll arc lake�, the p11lp 1111xcd thoroughly with 011c-sixtl1
part of 1t, and the rcst_flf the alcohol added. After stirring the
_ _
whole ''.·ell, nntl l!ourmg 1t mto a well-stoppered boLLle, it is nllowcd to
stn.11(1 eight days 111 n. dark, cool place. The tincture is then scp:uatcd
by dcl'nflling, f'trnini11g nnd filtering.
J>r11g power of' t.inctu re, i.
Dilutions mw;t I.Jc prepared us directed under Class III.
ARALIA HISPIDA, JllichatlX.
Synonym, Aralia l\liihlenbergiana.
Nat. Ord., Arnliac crc.
Common Names, Bristly Sarsaparilla. Wild Elder. Dwarf
Eltler.
This plant is found growing iu rocky places in North America,
co111mo11 northw:inl and southward along the mouutains. Its stem i�
one to two foct high, brist_Iy, l �afy, terminating in a peduncle bearing
several um]JCls; leaves twice i:im1rnte; lci�flcts oblong-ovntc, acute, cut­
s�rrntc. 1 he flowers a_rc wl11te or greemsh, more or less polygamous.
Calyx-tube cohcrcnt w1t_h the ovary, the teeth very short or al111ost
. First provings arc rccorclccl in A. H. Z., I, 122.
?bsolcle. Petal� f1,·e, ep1gynous, oblong or obovnte, lightly imbricatcd
m the hud, drc1duous. 8tamens five, cpigynous, altemate with the
petals. Styles two to _five, mostly distinct and slender, or in the sterile
flowers short and 11111tcd. Ovnry two to five celled, with a single
anatro�ous ovule s1,1spendcd fro111 the top of each cell, ripening into a
berry-like drupr, with as 111n11y seeds as cells. Flowers in June.
Preparatio
_ �.,-Thc f'rcsh root is choppeJ :rnd pounded to n pulp
ancl weighed. lhcn two parts by weight of alcohol nre taken the
pulp mixcrl thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of· the
alcohol added. Af'ter sti_ rring the whole well, nod pouring it into n
well-sto��cred_ bottle, .�t 1s allowed to stnnd eight dn.ys in n dnrk, cool
�lace_. lhc tmcturc 1s then scpamtcrl by decanting, strniuincr 0 :t11,l
filtcnng.
Drng power of t,inct11rc, -/:--
Dilutions must he prepared ns directed under Class III.
ARALIA RACEMOSA, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Arnliacc:-o.
Co� _ moi: �ame, American Spikenard.
This '.s an md1gcnous plant, growing in rich woodlands. Herbaceous;
st?m widely branched; leaflets heart-ovate, pointed, doubly serrate,
· slightly downy; umbels raccmosc; styles united. There arc traces of
stip�lcs :�t the dilat<:d bnsc ot' the leaf-stalks. The pl rnt is well known
.
for its spicy, aro111at1c, large roots. Its greeu1sh-w _ i_
h1te llowers appear in
July.
First proven by Dr.,•. A. Jones, U.S.
IlOM<EOPA'J'HIC PHARMACEUTICS. 91
·Preparation.-Thc frcf'h root is chopped aud pounded to a pulp
nnrl weighed. Then two parts hy weight of alcohol n.rc taken, nnd
at'Jcr thoroughly 111ixi 11 g the pulp 11:ith 0 11c-sixth part of' it, the r�st o_ f
the alcohol is added. �\ Iler stirrn,g the whole wcl I,, irnd pourmg 1t
into a wcll-stoppcrccl hottl1•, it is allowed to slan<l cigl_it days i_ n _it dark.
cool plaec•. The tinc·ture i>' then separated by dccantmg, str:11111ng nod
fillering.
Drng power of' I inct.urc, -/:--
Dilutions must he prcpnrccl as directed under Class HI.
ARANEA DIADEMA, Linn.
Synonym, EpC'irn Di:u!c111a.
Class, Arncl111icla.
Order, J\ rnnridca.
Family, Epcirid:c.
Common Names, Dindcm Spider. Garden or Pupal Cross
Spid er. . .
This spider is found all over Europe and America, m stables, on old
wnlls, etc. It J11ay he distinguished hy ils ovoirl forlll of body, often as
large as :t !'mall nut; a longitudinal line on the hnc½, ?omp_osccl of
yellow ancl white points, nnd traversed by three other s11mlur Imes.
.
Preparation.-Thc live nnimnl is crnshcd nnd covered with five
parls hy ,�·eight of alcohol. . IIl:ving pour? d this into a well-f'top\10:cd
boiLlc, 1t 1s allowed to rcma111 eight days 111 a dnrk, cool pln�c, 10mg
shaken twice a day. The tincture is then poured ofl; strn111ccl nn d
Hltcrcd.
Amount, of !lrug power, 1\r·
Dilutions must he prepared as directed under Class IV.
ARANEA SCINENCIA.
Class, Arachnida.
Order, Ar:111eidca.
Family, Epc•irid:-c.
Proven by Dr. Rowley, Louisville, Kentucky, who snys : J_t is _a
grey spider found in the summer on walls a1Hl 0111 places. J bclicYC 1L
does not spin a web; it is very quick. in its .movcmcnl8, and takes its
prey by a quick spring." . .
Preparation.-The live :rnimnJ is covcrerl with fi\'c parls by weight
of alcohol and allowed to remain eight days in a wcll-st? ppcrcd_ bottle,
in a dark, cool place, being shaken twice a clay. The i111cturc 1s then
poured off, strained and filtered.
Amount of drn1-: power, 1'tr·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
ARCTIUM LAPPA, Jhin.
Synonyms, Lappa. Major, Grerlner. Lappa Officinalis.
Nat. Ord., Composit.-c·.
 92 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. D3
Common Name, B u rclock. Common Name, Silver.
This i� a �oarsc biennial weed, with n simple spindle-shaped root Symbol, Ag.
: �l'..> ttt 1L foot 1 1 lcn� th, cx�-m l]y browu,_ internall white and Atomic Weight, 107.7.
� '. . _
_ e fibres. � y spongy:
gl\ �ng off th _ic,1d-l1k �he stem 1s brnnchmg, pubescel!L, three Or igin.-Silvcr is found in the metallic state, but more often in
or ft,>llr fcet_h1gh;_ leaves laro-c, cor<late, dcnticular, green ou their upper combination with sulphur as sulphide, together with sulphides of other
�urfacc, wl11t1sh nnd :lo'.rny beneath, a�1d on long petioles. The purple, metals. The most importnut silver mines nrc those in the extreme
g l_ohn -� flowcrR arc 11� 1n?"ular �ermmal panicles. Imbricatcd scales western portion of the United States, in Mexico, Peru, and in the
of tlrn 111,·,'.l u cre a ·c furn1sl1ed with h ?oked extr mities, �y which they Hartz mountains in Germany.
11dltc1_ c, !o clothes, _ '. �
.111d the coats of au1111als. This plant 1s co111111un in The extraction of silver is done by methods which differ with the
th Un1tccl States on the roadsides, and in waste places. different characters of the ores. The s u lphu r-bearing silver ores arc
<; , !
lhc plant was first pr o ven by Dr.Jacob Jeanes U.S. crushed to powder, mixed with com111011 salt aml ronstc<l at It low red­
Preparation .-The fr?5h root, collected in sp;·iug, is chopped heat iu a suitnble furnace, by ,vhich treatment the silver sulphide is
and
p o 111ulcd tu a p u lp and weighed. rThen two pnrts by weight of alcolwl converted into chloride. The mass is then placed in large cylinders
111:c taken, nnd the pulp mixed with one-sixth part of it, and the rest with water and scraps of iron, and the whole agitated for some tim�:
?t. the alcohol 1ulded. After stirring the whole well, and pouriug by this menus the silver chloride becollles reduced to the metallic
it 111Lo a well-st?ppci:cd bottl�, it is allowed to stand eight days in !L dark, state. Mercury is uow introduced, and the mass again agitated; the
cool pla �e. , lhc tmcture 1s then separated by decanting, strainin mercury dissolves the silver together wi_th an� go!� or copper !?res­
_ g
nnd hltcrn1g. ent, forming an amalgam. The lntter 1s stra111cd m a strong ]men
D�·ugynwcr of tinct u re, }. cloth, and the solid portion su bmitted to distillation i_n a re_tort, w}1ercby
Dilut10ns must be prepared as directed under Clas s IIL the mercury is separated and recovered, and the silver m an imp u re
state is left behind. The process is termed amalgamation. In �he cnse
ARGEMONE MEXICANA, Linn. of a lead-bearing silver ore, the whole is red u ced to the metallic state;
Nat. Ord., Papaveracere. the alloy of silver and lend is then remelted and allowed to cool, when
a portion of lead crystallizes, leaving in the liq u id state the alloy re­
. om
� . �on Name, Prickly Poppy. ferred to. This alloy is then melted in a rcvcrbcrntory fornncc whose
ll11s 1s :111 annual herbaceous plant, growing in the South
,
Soutl ern and hearth is composed of bone-ash, while a c u rrent of air, which is forced
�-,r?5�Crn St :_ tes, and cxte_ndi�g _ south�vards t �rough Mexico into
the �1op1es. _It 1s� fo u nd also 111 Smllln.r clunates 111 Asi:i nnd Africa.
to pni,s over the lcad,oxidizes the latter; the lend oxide fuses nnd is ab­
_
V1mct1cs ol' 1t arc c u ltivate sorbed hy the hone-ash, and the silver being unuflcctcd is left in the
d in the Middle and Northern States as or­
nn111cnt_al pl:u_its. 'J� hc plaut is from two to three feet pure state. This process is called cupellcition. ..
br:111ch111g, h n sLly-sp111ous. Leaves sessile, long sinu ate-Iot hi h erect Preparation.-Chemicn.lly pure silver may be obtnincd by hoilmg
p n ckly tc_ cth on 111argi11,_ aucl prickly on vein; beneath. c;I witl; equal parts of silver . chlorid� (precipitated f1:om the p u rificcl nitrate),
showy, a_xtllary and tcrn11nal, on short pedu ncles. Sepals Flowers glu cose and crystnlltzed . sodium carbonate, 111 t!1rcc parts �f water.
often pr1cl�ly; petals . four to six, yellow. F ru it n.n ovoid two o 1• three The precipitated silver sho u ld first be wnshcd with a very dilute hy­
c111 1�ulc! f?nckly, opc11111 hy valves on the top. The plant or oblon' drochloric ncicl sol u tiou, and finally with distilled Witter.
ycll,nv JUICC when wou1Ht &' exudes � Pro perties.-Silvcr is n. rcmarkn.hl_y white mct1ll, extremely_ bril­
cd.
Preparation,-:-Thc fresh plnut just coming into bloom liiwt and has specific gravi�y 10.5..It 1s hnrdcr_ thnn g?ld, but 1s ex­
.to a pulp is pounded tremely malleable nnd ductile. It 1s unaltered 111 the air at any tcm­
and wc1_ghcrl. Then two parts by weight of alcohol are
nkcn perntnrc less than that of the oxyhydrogcn blast. It fuses at 1000° C.
� ,. the p u lp mixed thoro u gl'lly wi�h on�-sixth part of it, nnd the (1832 ° F.), and u nder the oxyhydrogcn blow-pipe it volntili es . It
!cs� o t the alcohol added. After havmg stirred the whole. well, pour
it 111to IL wcl};stnppcred b_ottlc, and let it stand eight days in unites readily with su lphur, chlorine and pho_sphor_u s, nnd dissolves7:
IL dark, easily in nitnc acid. The rendy tarnishing of silver 111 or near humnn
�ool pince. Ihe tinct u re 1s then scp:mLted by decanting' straiuing nnd habitations is d u e to the formation of a slight film of' sulphide from the
filtenng.
Amount, of dr u g power, ¼. prcRcncc of free su lphur or of sulphur-bearing gnses.
Dil u tions must he prepared as directed under Class III. Metallic silver was first proven by Hahncrnann. ·• . .
Tests.-Chemicnlly pure silver dissoh·cs completely
_ m :pure 111�ric
ARGENTUM. acid, forming n. transparent colorlcss solut!o!1. From tlus . soluL10!1
clilntcd with distilled water, it may be prcc1p1tatcd as chlornle; this
Synonym s, Argent u m Met..'1.llicum. Argentum Purificatum. being removed and the filtrntc trcn.tccl with hydrogen s u lphide, any
Argcnt u 1� Fuliat u 111. .Metallic Silver. darkening in color will indicate the presence o�· other metal or metals.
The fi l trntc 011 cvaporat1on should lcnvc JHJ rcsuluc.
 !)4 l!OMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEU'l'lCS. HOi\!CEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 95

P �epa:ation for Hom�opathic Use.-Chc111ically

_ pure silver, Common Names, Long Ilirth-wort. Aristolochy.
u?L1t1ncd Ill powder, 11s <lcscnbed above, 1s prepared by triturntion, ns .
The common aristolochiiL is IL perennial, growing near hedges, chtchcs
directed under Ulns.s VII. and vineyards, indigenous to Southern El1ropc. Its root is roU1_1d, long,
about the thickness of a goose-quill, irregularly contorted, 111 color
ARGENTUM NITRICUM. grayish-brown. It has a bitter taste with some acridity und a dis­
Synonyms, Argcllti N�1s. Nitrate of Silver. agreeable odor. The stems arc erect, from two t� four feet high, simi:ilc,
Present Name, Argentic Nitrate. smooth, striped, set with alternate, 1011g pc�10latc, cordnt?, entire,
Common Name, Lumu· Caustic. vivid green a�ovc, gray-grccn, below,. lcat�cr-lrkc ]?aves. , Ihc short­
Formula, Ag N0 3 • petiolnte yellow flowers stand lour to eight III t�1c axil�.
Molecular Weight, 169.7. Preparation.-Thc fresh root, gathered 111 Apnl or September,
. Pre _p�rati_on ?f Nitrate _ of_ Silver.-,Vhcn pure silver is treated is chopped and pounded to a pulp and wci!{hecl. Then two P:trts by
with 111tnc acid free f ro111 chlorine, complete solutiou of the silver oc­ wcight of alcohol arc taken, and the pulp mixed thoroughly ll'lth one­
curs with the l_i>r r11atio11 ofits nitrate. The solution is transpa . part of it; then t,hc rest of the alcohol is added. A(ler_ f't irring
sixth
colorle5:,;, :u_1d 111 order to free it from excess of acid, it is rcut nnd
placed in a the whole well and pouring it into a well-stoppered bottle, 1t 1s nllowe<l
p orccln111 dish up�n a sand-�::tth, and, with constimt stirrin to stand eight days iu a dark, cool place. The tincture is then scpn·
_ g, heated to
dry1�css; the hci�� 1s then rn1scd till the substance fuses. After partial rated by dccant,ing, straining :md filtering.
cooling a two-thirds volume of distilled water is added and Drug power of tincture, /r.
the mass is
�lissolv-:d, the solution placed in a shallow porcelain dish and set aside Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
Ill :� roon!, free from dust, nud whose tempern urc is from 30°
� to 40° U.
�86 -10-! F.). Alr,cr some days the salt will have crystallized out. ARISTOLOCHIA MILHOMENS.
fhc crystal� arc t o be removed, and drained in o. glass funnel
till dry. Synonyms, J\ ristolochin Orandillorn, Com. Aristolochia Cymbi-
Pro_pertJes.-Urystallizc<l silver nitrate forms colorlcss tabl
es of the l'crn, Jlfarliu.�.
rhomh1� systc!11. Thei1: taste is bitter, cnustic nn<l metallic.
s<�lu� Ic 111 Ll_ie11· own wc1gh� ofc_ ?l<l, and in lrn f that amount of They arc Nat. Ord., Aristoloehinccro.
_ . } boiling Common Name, l3r:t7.ilinn Snnkc-Root. .,
'.1,itc1, a_nd rn lour parts ot bo1lrng alcohol. Ihe solutions are neutral A climbing plant with a glabrous stc�n; le:l\:es alternate, undormly
Ill react10n.
The salt fus_cs ca.�ily on heating, and when cast into sticks cordate, prrlati-ncrvccl, wi.th reticulate ht tic vc111s � ctwccn the ncn·_es;
as l�11wr ca11sl1c It undergoes decomposition when in contac is known they arc supported by l?ng peti� les, f'urni!,)1cd with n lnrgc, entire,
: rcniform, 11111plcxicu11I st1pule. }lowers �ohtary_, upon a !'ulentc pe­
gn111c matters 111_ the presence of light, depositing a black t with or­ _
pr?� ahly cons1st!ng of the suboxidc. The crystals are anhydsubstance,
_ duncle from four to live inches long. l'cn:rnth smglc, lnrgc, ot n yel­
Ihc lrrst 1�ronngs_ were under I-Ialn cmann's directions. rous. lowish-brown color, tuhcrculatcd, cun·cd, divided into two lips; the
� �est .-rh
�
osc given under the article Argentum Metal upper lip shnrp, lanccolatc, and somc,:hnt bent outwards; the lower
grn111� of _the salt ,�h?n dissolyed with distilled water, give licum. Ten lip twice ns long as the other, at first dilntecl at the base 1111cl cxpnn�­
chlonc acid a prcc1p1tat,c wl11ch, whcu washed and thorouwith hycl ro ­ ing into a large 01·1LI disk wit.h undulate hordc�·s. Tl_i c whole flower 1s
weighs 8.4-! grai118. ghly dried ' covered wit,h pro111incnt nerves. Stnmens six, cp1gynous. O,·nry
Preparation f _ or I:Io�ceopathic Use.-One part by glabrons, !'urmountcd by a stigma with !-ix short and _ rounded lobes.
pure 111tra.tc of silver 1s d1ssolvecl in nine parts by weigh weight of Introduced into our l\'.[at. l\lccl. by Dr. :Mure, Brazil.
t of distilled Preparation.-Thc fresh flowers arc· pounded to a pulp �ml
water.
A!no�nt of drug power, i'cr· weighc<l. Then two parts by weight of alcohol nre taken, and l111\·111_g
Dil�t1?ns must b? prepa�cd ns directed under Class V-a, mixed the pulp with one-sixth part of it, the _rest. o'. the alcohol 1s
tl�at distilled water 1s used for except added. After stirring the whole well, and pouring 1t rnto a well-stop­
the lx, 2x and 3x and 1 dilutio
dilu�c alcohol for the 4x aud 2 dilutions, strong alcohol being ns and pered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight days i_n . a dark, cool, pince.
nil further attenuations. used for The tincture is then separated by decanting, strammg and filtering.
Dilutions 'l!hould be freshly made as required for use. Drug power of' tincture, /r.
Dilutions must he prepared as directed under Class III.
ARISTOLO�HIA CLEMATITIS, IAnn. ARMORACIA.
Synonym, Aristolochia vulgnris. Synonym, Cochlcaria Armoracia, Linn.
Nat . . Ord., Aristolochincero. Nat. Ord., Cruciform.

96 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Common Names, Horse-radish. Crow-flowers.
The horse-radish is a native of ·western Europe, growing wild in
wet $roull(ls. It is cultivated for culinary purposes, to which its root is
applied. The root is perennial, and sends up many large leaves. The
stem is round, smooth, erect, branching, two or three foet hi?rh. The
radical leaves are lanceolate, waved, scalloped on the edges. The stem
leaves arc much smaller, often divided at the edges. The flowers are
mnny, whit.e, peduncled, in thick clusters.
The first provings appear in .Archiv.f Hom. 17, 3, 176.
Preparation.-The fresh root is taken out in autumn; after being
cleaned is immediately comminuted wit.h 1� gmter and weighed. Then
two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, nod the pull? mixed thor­
oug-h ly wit.It one-sixth \J1ut of it; the rest of the alcohol 1s then added.
Af,er stirrin� the who c well, pour it into a well-stoppered bottle and
let it stand eight days in a dark, cool place. The tincture is then sepa­
rated by decanting, strainin � and filtering.
Drng power of tincture, ¼-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
ARNICA.
Synonym, Arnica Montana, IJi,nn.
Nat. Ord., Compositre.
Common Names, Amica. Leopards-bane.
Description.-A perennial herb growing in mountainous districts
of the Northern Hemisphere, with radical leaves, ovate, entire and ob­
tuse; stem about one foot high, with lanceolatc opposite leaves; radical
leaves and stem, hairy. It produces large orange-yellow flowers, soli­
tary, or at the summit of the stem. Involucrnl scales, hairy, and in
a double row. Receptacle chaffy, one-quarter of an inch in diameter,
with nbout twenty ligulate florets an<l a much lnrger number of
tubular ones.
The root consists of a slender, brown, contorted root-stock, an inch
or two in length, which sends down n number of slender fibres three or
four inches long. It has n faintly aromatic smell and herby taste.
Preparation.-At the time of blooming, gather besides the root,
which is the most importnnt part, nlso the root-leaves, and full-blown
flowers, which latter are to be taken out of the calyx, to remove the
larvro of the arnica fly ( Tripyta .Arnicivora) from the receptacle. Two
parts of the root, one part of the herb, and one piut of the flowers are
pounded togct.hcr to a fine pulp and weighed. Then two part.'! hy
weight of alcohol are taken, and after thoroughly mixing the pulp with
' one-sixth part of it, the rest of the alcohol is added. After stirring
the whole well, and pouring it into a well-stoppered bottle, it is all�wed
to stand eight days in a dark, cool place. The tincture is then sepa·
rated hy decanting, strnining and filteri11g.
Drug power of tincture, t·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 97
ARNICA E RADICE.
Root of Arnica Montana.
. . .
Preparation.-Thc fresh root carefully dried and pulverized, is _
covered with five parts by weight of alcohol, and allowed to rcm�m
eight days, in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool pla�e, bemg
shaken twice a day. The tincture is then poured oll; stramctl and
filtered.
Drug power of tincture, T1ll"·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed uutlcr Clru;s IV.
ARSENICUM ALBUM.
Synonyms, Acid11111 Arsr.11ios11111. ArRcnious Acid.
Present Name, Arscnious Oxide.
Common Name, ·white Arsenic.
Formula, As 2 0 3 •
Molecular Weight, 198.
.
Preparation of Arsenious Acid.-Thc _greater part of the w)11te
nrsenic of commerce is dcrivct! from the roastrng of natural ar�en1des
of iron nickel and cobalt. The process is conducted in a rcverhcrntory
furnac� and the volntilizrcl subst.nnce is condensed in specially arranged
long chi 1_nnoys. This_ cru�o product is freed from met.allic arsenic and
its sulphide by rcsubl1111atmn.
Properties.- "\Vhen arsenious oxide is condense� at a temperature
of 400°C. (752° F.), there is produced a t i:ansparcnt vitreous mnss �d1osc
specific gravity is 3.738, �od when ?cpo�1te1 at a tcmJ!erat�rc shgAtl_y
less than that just given, 1t cryst:ilhzes m l'lght rho!11b1.c pr1s111s. lh1s
form is known as vitreous arse111c, an,l upon ½ecpmg, bc�omrs gradu­
allv changed into a: white opaq�c mass rescmh(mg porccl11_111.
The second modification, ohtnmed by co11dc11s111g the suhlm)1�tc at 20_0
0
C. (392° F.) is in brilliant octohedral crystals whose spcc1f1c gnmty
is 3.69. Th; same cryst.allinc form is obtnincd _wl1c11 :'- Fnturntcd aqueous
_ soluhlc
solution is evaporated. The vitreous arsenic 1s shght _ ))'. more _
than the crystalline variety; one hundred 1_111rts of boiling wi�tcr dis­
solve about twelve parts of the vitreous k111d, hu� upon ?oolmg, the
greater porti?n separates,. lcn�ing nb?�t three )!arts 111 �olutio.'·
Owing to its comparnt1vc msolul)lht.y, nrsc111c _ h_ns lit.LI� ?1' no tnste,
such as it has being described by �0111r. m!t.horJt1�s as f_nmtly swc?t.
Arsenic is soluble in hot hydrochlonc acid, 111 solutions of the alkahcF
nod of tartaric acid.
Tests.-For it.'l itlcntification in the commcrcinl p�·ocluct, a f:w
well known tests are hero given. l�ent.cd i11_ ': rcduc�1on tu.be \1"1111
charcoal, it is deoxidized, and mcta\11c arsc111c 111 the form of 1� dark
metallic mirror is clcpositcrl in the cooler part o � the tu_hc! nnLl n� the
same time the garlicky odor of ".ol_atilized n�ctalhc arsenic 1s pcrr 1ye l.
_ � �
If the portion of the tube conta111mg the mirror be cut m�t, b1oke11_ 1!1
fragments, placed in a test-tube and hcntecl, the mctnlhc a1:5emc 1s
rcoxidized and is deposited in the upper, cool p:1rt of the tube 111 _octo­
hedral crystals. Dy dissolving these crystnls 111 wntcr an<l addmg a
7

U8 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTI<.:S.
solution of hydrogen sulphide, there will be p�·cci1!itatc<l �he brig�t
yellow sulphide of arsenic, which . is insoluble 111 l�ilute aculs nn<l 1s
completely dis.solved by the nlknlwe hydrntcs, then· carbonates an<l
sulphides. . . . .
Ar�cnious oxide may contain arsc111011s s11lph1dc as :_111 impuritj';
or les� yellow 111 strcaks or
such specimens of iu�;cnic will be _ more _ from the other nt•ck pn�cs a dclin·ry tuhe. The diluted neid il- thl'n
spots, and a small piece plnccd 111 a tc�t-tu�)e will nut be entirely sol­
uble in twenty-live pnrts of hydrochlonc ncul.
Preparat10n for Homceopathic Use.-Onc pnrt of _ fin:IY J?OW·
dcrcd vitreous arscuious acid is boiled to complete sol11t1011 111 sixty
parts ;if distilled water, nnd filtered. By the ncl<lition of distill�d :rntcr
the filtrate is increased to ninety 1mrts, and then ten pnrts oi 90 per
cent. al1·11l111l arc added.
An101111L of drng power, T�lr-
Dilutions 1nust be prepared ns directed under (?lass VI-(i.. . may be fitted ll'ttl1 n cork through which pnss two tnbc1', one bringing
Triturations arc prepared of finely powdered, vitreous arsc111ous acid,
as directed 1111cler Class VII.
Caution must be observed in hnnclling arsenic, and especially in
powdering it. In the latter cnsc, it should be kept damp by alcohol,
so that 110 dust may arise from it, and the nose nml mouth should he
protected hy wearing a respirator nrrn!1ged for the puri!ose of exclud­
ing the powder; in default of anytl11ng better, a 11101stcucd sponge
will auswcr.
ARSENICUM CITRINUM.
Synonyms, Arscnicurn Sulfuratum Flavum. Orpimcnt.
Present Name, Arscnious Sulphide.
Formula, As 2 8 3.
Molecular Weight, 24G.
Origin and Preparation of Orpiment.-This substance is fouml
in the nntive state as n 111incra.l. It is prepared nrtificially by passing
hydrogen sulphide through a solution of nrscnious oxide 111 _ dilute hy·,
drochluric acid, washing the precipitate thoroughly, and drymg.
Properties and Tests.-Thc native trisulphirlc of ar�C'nic _ro!1•
si,;ls or two equivalents of arsenic nn<l three of sulphur. Jt 1s m
n1:u;scs of" :t fine lo11wn-ydlow eolor, nrrnngcd in flrxiblc ln111inrc, whi�h
arc slightly trnnslucent. It is insoluh!.e in hydrochloric ncid, hut cl1s­
soh·cs in sulphide of n111111011ium, anti deco111poscs . iu boiling d_il_ute
nitric acid, with separation of sulphur. It melts easily and Yolnt1ltzcs
at a higher temperature. . .
Preparation for Homceopath1c Use.-Thc pure nrscmous sul­
phide is prepared hy trituration, as directed under Class VIJ.
ARSENICUM HYDROGENISATUM.
Synonym, Arseuettcd Hydrogen. Arsine.
Present Name, I-Iy1lrogen Arsenide.
Formula, As H 3•
Preparation of Arsenetted Hydrogen.-This is prcpu1: ed by
.. .
HOMCEOPATilIC PHARMACEUTICS . 99
th-e:action ofsulphnricncid diluted with three pnrts of11·ntcr, upon the
arsenide of zinc, the latter hcing obtained by fusing C'(unl weights
ofziuc and arsenic in an earthen retort. The alloy i:; to bcgranulatcd
!lnd introduced into a W oulf's two-necked bottle supplied with a thi:;tle­
tube passing through one neck nrarly lo the bot.!0111 of' the bottle, ll'hillJ
poured gradually down the thiHt lc-tnbc until the layrr of' acid is hil,!' h' r
than its. lower e11d. The dcvclop111r11t of" gas l><'gi11H nt 011cc. Tl.c
delivery-tube shou Id be connected with n wash-bottle, from which tlie
gas may be led to a rccciYer containing ice cold water, which ll'ill
absorb ouc-fifth its own volume ot' gns. As the gns i. extraordinnrily
poisonous, the whole proceeding, from the beginning, till the gns ccnscs
to come over, should be co11d11ctcd 11nclcr a hood connected with a
chimney havin� n good drnnglrt; or the receiver (a bottle or flnsk)
the,gas.into the water, the other, or exit tube, bent nnd nllowcd to dip
deeply into a strong solution of silver nitrate in a beaker. By this
means the unused gns is decomposed, 11·ith the production of silver
arsenide and. free hydrogen.
.Properties.-llydrogcn nrsenidc is a colorlci;s gns, hnl"ing a gnr­
licky odor nnd specific gr:wity 2.7. When ignited in the nir, it bums
with a peculiar bluish-white flnrnc, producing water n11tl the fumes of
arseuious oxide. A piece of porccl:ii11 held just nt the extremity of the
flame will receive n deposit of ll'hitu nrsenic, while if the porcelain be
cold and held well in the Hnmc so as to reduce its temperature below
the combustion-point of nrsenic, the latter will be deposited upon the
porcelain ns a dark rnetnllic stnin or spot.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Thc proyings were mndc
by inhaling the gns dil11tcd with nt111osphoric air. The saturated solu­
tion freshly prepnrccl unrler the nbo\'o directions, mixed with nn cqu1tl
quantity of distilled water, produces the l:x dilution.
Further dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Clnss V-a.
ARSENICUM JODATUM.
Synonym, Arsenici .Jrnlidum.
Present Name, Arsenious Iodide.
Common Name, Ioclidc of A1-,;cnic.
Formula, As I 3 .
Molecular Weight, 45G.
Preparation of Iodide of Arsenic.-Ar8cnic nml iodine unilc
when gently heated togcthrr, the co1nbinntion hcing nltcndcd ll'ilh
considerable evolution of heal. Tako one equivalent of nrscnic nm!
three equivalents of iodine, both in fine powder, 1111(1 thorouf!hly mix
them in a mortar by rnbbing; pince the mixture in a trst tube, loo�cly
corking the latter, nud heat gently until the ma�s liquefies. Aller
repeated agitation, pour the liquid iodide upon a porcclnin tile; when
cold, break it in pieces nud dissolve in boiling alcohol, from which
solution it may bo rc-crystnllizcd on cooling.
100 HOMffiOPATHIC PHA.RMACEU'.rICS.
Properti�s and Tests.-Obtitined _as directed nbov�, nrscni?�s
iodide is in shining lamin::e of _ a line brick-red color, huvtng .specific
gravity 4.39, which arc soluble m alcohol _and water, au� spanngly_so
in hyd rochloric acid. The aqueous solution � trongly nc1dulate<) �ntl�
hydrochloric acid, gi\·es with hydrogen sulphide, the usual prcc1p1tatc
of nrscnious sulphide.
First provinbrs were by Dr. E. ,V. �cchc, U. S. . .
Preparation for Homceopath1c Use.-The , pure 1od1de of
nrscuic is prepared by lriturntion, as directed under Class V 11.
ARSENICUM METALLICUM.
Synonym, Metallic Arsenic.
Symbol, As.
Atomic Weight, 75. . . .
Origin and Preparation of Metallic Arsen_1c.-A_rsemc 1s
fouud in nature in the free st1itc, but oftener combmcd with other
metals, and especially with sulphur ns sulphide. From nrscnical py­
rites or miI3pic kel, it is readily obtained by roasting the or� and condens­
ing the product in cooled receivers.. On a_ smal� scale 1� may _be ob­
tained by heating a mixture of arscmous oxide \nth half its we�ght of
fresh burnt charcoal in a crucible, the mixture being covered with two
or three inches of charcoal in very small fragments, and the crucible
so placed that this overlying hycr of charcoal may_ be heatc�l to r?d·
ness first, to insure the reduction of any.of the wl11te a1-s?utc wl11ch
might escape from below. In order to collect the nrsen_1c, another
crucible, having :t small hole drilled through the bottom, 1s cemented
with fire-clay t,o the first in an inverted position. . At a re�! heat, the
charcoal simply abstracts the oxygen from the oxide, lcavmg the wc­
tallic arsenic condensed in the upper crucible.
Properties.-1\fotallic arsenic is a brittle substance, of a ?m:k o-r�y
color :rncl brilliant metallic lulltrc; upon exposure to tl)e air 1ts_lm!­
liancy is lost and the color deepens somewhat. Its specific gravity 1s
5.7 to !i.9. It volatili,.es in the air when heated to 180 C (35G F.)
° °
wilh oxidation· heated in rt sealed tube it fuses. It is not dissolved
hy water or any sim_ple solven_t, but \:hen powdered and 1!1oistencd, it
is slowly converted mto iu-semous oxide.. ,vhen 1_>laced m water the
same result occurs from the presence of dissolved air.
It was first proven by Dr. Stevenson, U. S. (N. .A. J. of Homreopar
thy, 1, 301 ). . . .
Tests.-For tests and the detcct10n of arsemc, see Arsemcu11\
Album.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The pure metallh
m-senic is prepared by trituration, as directed under Class VII.
ARSENICUM RUBRUM.
Synonyms, Arseuicum Sulfurntum Rubrum. Arsenic Bisulphide
Present Name, Arscnious Di-sulphide.
HOMffiOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 101
Common Names, Renigar. Sandarach.
Formula, As 2 S 2.
Molecular Weight, 214.
. De :>cription.-:-Thi� comp�und occurs native as renlgar, crystnllized
ID ?bltquc rl10mb1c pnf'ms, of an orange-red or ruby-red color, of a
res!nou� lustre, a_ncl more or less trausluccnt at the edges of its fracture,
wl11ch 1s concl101dal and 1111cvcu; streak vnrics from orange-red to
rub.y -rccl; spcc;ific _gn,i�•ily !�.4 to_ 3.6. It is found nccompanying ores
of silver :rncl lead 11_1 _Iransylvallln, Hungnry, Bohemia and Saxony.
Tests.-Jn add1t10n to the above described pmpcrtics ' sec • Tests
under Arscnicum Citrinum.
Pr�paration for 1:fomceopathic Use.-Thc pure arsenious di­
sulpl11clc or rcalgar 1s prepared by trituration as directed under
Class VIL
ARTEMISIA VULGARIS, I/4nn.
Nat. Ord., Compositm.
Common Names, Mngwort. Common Artemisia.
This pcrcn�1ial.p_lant,. gro:ving wild in all parts of Europe, is rather
well_ kn?wu; it d1tlers from its next and most spread relation Artemi.sia
Absmlhium, by the dark green and quite smooth surface of its lenves
ancl the n:1ostly quit� smooth and very stiff stalks, which are fre­
qt!ently of a dark .".rnlct-brown or purple color. Jt should not be
mistaken for Artemista Gam11estris mingled with which it often occurs•
the hitter having a more spnrc growth, attc1111atcd branches clccum�
bent uni.ii the flowering time, and quite nanow, linear, setaceous leaves.
Introduced into our Mn.tcriii Modica by Noack and Trinks.
Pre!?aration.-Thc fresh root is chopped and pouuded to a p11lp
and we1ghccl. Then two parts by weio-ht of alcohol are tnk<'n the
pulp mixed thoroughly ,\·ith one-sixth 1mrt of it, and the rest of the
alcohol added. After_ !'),irring the whole w�ll, and pouring it into a
wcll-sto�J�ered_ bottle, 1t_ 1s allowed to stnncl eight days in a dark, cool
}?lac �. Ihe llllcturc is then separated by dccnuting, straining and
filtering.
Drug power of tincture, ¼-
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
ARUM MACULATUM, I.Jinn.
Synonyms, Arum Vulgare. Aronis Communis.
Nat. Ord., An.teem.
Common Names, ·wake Robin. Spotted Arum.
'.l'his is a perennial herbaceous plant growing in· leafy woods in
M1ddle n:id Southern Europe. The arrow-shaped, long-petiolnte, ab­
ruptly_ pollltcd leaves arc smooth. and not seldom sprinkled with grey­
black irregular spots; the sc�pc 1s na_ked, shorter than the petiole, and
bear� n_ large wh1�e sheat!1, from wl11ch a round, club-shaped, reddish
spadix JUts out. The white root, as large ns a hazelnut, is roundish,
102 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
set with fibrils, fleshy, and has an extremely acrid smell, irritating the
l'Y<'S am! nose, espet:i:dly when bruised, nucl a similar bumiug taste.
First proven by Dr. U. Hering.
Preparatio_n.-The fre�h rnot, gathered in early spring 'before the
cleveloprneut of the leaves, 1s carefully chopped and pounded to ii line
pulp, enclosed in a piece ol' new linen and subjected to pressure. The
cxpressctl juice is then, by brisk agitation, mixed with nn equal
pnrt by weight of :ilcohol. This mixture is allo,ved to stand eight <layr
in a dark, cool place, and then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, ½-
Dt"tutions must be prepared ns directed under Class I.
ARUM TRIPHYLLUM, Linn.
Synonyms, Arisrcma Triphyllum, Torrey. Arnm Atrorubcns.
Nat. Ord., J\raccrc.
Common Names, Iudinu Turnip. Jack in the Pulpit. Dragon's
Root.
. This p!nnt is_ indigenous throughout the continent of America, and
1s found 111 moist, shady places. From its percnnia.l root arises in the
early spring a spathe, green without, variegated within by dark purple
_ gum resin obtained from the root.
altcrnatrng with pale green stripes. Leaves trifoliate, generally in
pairs., le:dlcts oval, ncumina.tc. Spadix shorter than the spathe, va.ry-
11_1g fr� m green to dark �urplc. Fruit, a bunch of bright s cnrl ? t hcr­
_ _
nes. The root, a corm, 1s brown :md wrmkled on the outside mtcru­
ally white, fleshy. In the fresh state, it has a peculiar odor, a�d when
chewed en uses an unbearable acrid bumiug sensatiop in the mouth and
thront.
The first proving is by Dr. J. Jeanes, U. S.
Preparation.-The frcs)1 root, gathered in early spring before the
development of the le:tvcs, 1s carefully bruised (for its emanations irri­
tnte the eyes and nose) and weighed. Then two parts by weight of:ilco­
hqJ are taken, the pulp mixed with one-sixth part ofit, and the rest of
the alcohol added. A�'te!· stirring the whole well, and pouring it into a
well-stoppered bottle, 1t 1s allowed to stand eio-ht days in a dark ' cool
'?
.
p 1 acc. 'I'I1c tlllct11re . t hen separated by decantmg,
1s straining and filter-
rng. It must be kept well protected against light and heat.
Drug power of tinctmc, t·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
TrituraLions_. . Dr. E. M. Hale recommends a rapid trituration of
the exprcs �cd .1u1ce ?f the freshly gathered root, the preparation to be
preserved m hermetically scaled bottles, guarded against light and heat.
ARUNDO MAURITANICA, Desfontaines.
Nat. Ord., Graminerc.
Common Name, RC>erl.
An Itnlian grnss.
Proved and introduced hy Dr. F. Patti, Chazon a due de Sorentino;
published in Journ. de la Soc. Gall., Vol. VII. 1856.
HOMffiOPATITIC PIIA Ill\-£ACEU1'ICS. 103
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Thc fresh root-sprout is
pounded to a fine pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of'
alcohol arc taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of
it, ::ual the rest of the alcohol atldod. Aitcr stirring the whole well,
and pouring it into a well-stoppered boWc, it is allowed to stand eight
days in a dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decant­
ing, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, k-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
ASAFCETIDA.
Synonyms, Nrtrthex Asafret,ida, Falconer. Ferula Asafretida,
Linn. Ferula Pcrsica.. Asafretitla Disgunensis.
Nat. Ord., Umhellifer::c.
Common Names, Asafootida. Devil's Dung.
This is a native of Persia anti neighboring countries. Is a large per­
enniaJ herbaceous plant. The leaves arc large, bi-pinnate and with
large petioles. The stem rises from six to nine feet, and is crowned
with a mass of umbels. Flowers pale yellow. The officinal drug is a
Description.-Asnfmtida comes in masses made up of"tears" vary­
ing in size, opaque nnd white 011 section, hut after short exposure they
hccomc distinctly pink i11 color, and finally lirmrnish. It !ins a strong
garlicky o<lor and tnslc, ,rith some acridity and hitteme><s. The lears
become quite brittle when exposed to cold, nml then they are readily
powdered. \i\Thcn they arc rnbbcd in a mortar with ,ratcr, a 111ilky
emulsion is produced.
First provings arc by llahnemann, Stapf and Gross.
Preparation.-Thc gum-resin, obtained by inci,:ion, from the liv­
ing root, from plnnts more tha.n four years old, is covered with fiye
parts by weight of D5 per cent. alcohol, and having poured it inlo a
well-stoppered bottle, it. is :illo"·ed to remain eight days in a dark, cool
place, being shaken twice a day. The tincture is then poured ofl;
strnincd nnd filtered.
Drng power of tincture, iir •
Dilutions must be prepared as directed und_er Class IV, except that
95 per ccut. alcohol is used.
ASARUM.
Synonyms, Asnrum Europreum, Linn. Asarum Vulgare.
Nat. Ord., Aristolochiacere.
Common Names, Asarahaccn. European Snake-Root. Fole's
Foot. Hazel-wort. Wild Nard.
The hnzcl-wort grows al! over Germany, also in nll other parts of
Europe, in shady, elevated forests, under small bushes, espccinlly
un<lcr hazel-bushes. The root is creeping, of the thickness of a straw,
five to six inches long, gcniculated, bent hither autl thither, in some
104 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
plnces knotty nncl set with thick fibres; the stnlks, sear0ely one inch
high, villous, Romcwlmt dccumbent, end in two lenvc.'l, on petioles three
to four inches long; the leaves are reniform, entire, shining dark green
above, grnyish-grecn below, run through with net-like veins, and some­
times set with slender hair; from the partition of the leaves the short
petiolnte, externally ,·illous, green-red, internally dnrk purple flower
arises.
Preparation.-Thc entire fresh plnnt, gathered when in flower, is
chopper! mill poundc(I to 11. fine pulp, enclosed in n piece of new linen
and su�jected to pressure. The expressed juice is then, by brisk ngi­
tation, mixed wilh Hll eriual part by weight of alcohol. This mixture
is allowed to stand eight days in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark,
cool place, nnd then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, ½-
Dilutious must be prepared as directed under Class I.
ASARUM CANADENSE, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Aristolochiace::c.
Common Names, ,vild Ginger. Canada Snake-root. Indian
Ginger. Kidnny-lea \"l'd Asarabaccn.
This is an indigenous plant, inhnbiting woods and shady places from
C:1u:11h to the Uarnliuas. In nppenrance nnd botanical charncter this
species very closely rcscmhles Asaruin .Europreum. Its root is long,
creeping, jointed, yellowish, fleshy. The stem is short, beariug two
broad kidney-shnpcd leaves, light green above, veined and paler
beneath: A single purple-brown flower grows in the fork of the stem.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root is chopped and pounded to a pulp and
weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol are taken, the pulp
mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol
adrled. After stirring the whole well, and pouring it into a well-stop­
pered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight days in n dark, cool place.
l'he tincture is then separated by decanting, straining und filtering.
Drug power of ti11ct11rc, ¼-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss III.
ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA, Linn.
Synonym, Am::cna.
Nat. Ord., Asclepia(lace::c.
Common Names, Flesh-colorecl Asclepias. Flesh-colored Swal­
low-wort. Rose-colored Silk ·weed. Swamp Milk or Silk \Veed. White
Imlinn Hemp.
This species has a tall downy stem, brnnching above, two or three feet
in height; leaves opposite, on short petioles, lauceolate, slightly hairy.
Corollns deep purple, corona pn.lcr; umbels numerous, and two or more
together at the top of stem or brnnches. It is found growing in wet
places in the United States. Flowers from July to August. Tho
plant exudes a milky juice when wounded.
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 105
Preparati on.-The fresh root is chopped and pounded to a pulp
nnd weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol are taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the
alcohol added. After stirring the whole well, and pouring it into a
well-stoJ!�erecl_ bottle, !t is allowed to stand eigl�t di:ys in a ?ark,
_ cool
pince. lhe tmcture 1s then separated by decantmg, strammg and
filtering.
Drng power of ti11cture, ¼.
Dilutions must· be prepared. ns directed under Clnss III.
ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA, Linn.
Synonym, Asclepins Cornuti, Decaisne.
Nat. Ord., Asclepiadace::c.
Common Names, Silk ,vccd. Milk Weed. Virginia Swallow­
wort.
Stem simple, leaves oblong-ovate, short acuminnte on short petioles,
downy bencnth. Flowers large, pnle purple, i11 glolrnlnr umbels. Pocls
filler! with seeds lmvi11g lullg silky tlow1_1. A co11m1on herb in the
Unitecl States, growing in ditches and on roadsides.
Preparation.-The frc.�h root is chopped n11d pounded to n pulp
nn<l weighed. Then two parts hy weight of' nlcohol nre taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, nm! rest of nlcohol
aclrlerl. .A 0c1: s�irrini; tlic who In well,_ nnrl pnuri�1g it into a well-stop­
pered botLle, 1t 1s nllowc(l to staucl eight <lays 111 n dark, cool pince.
The tincture is then separated by decanting, strnining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, A.
Dilutions must be prepared. as directed under Class III.
ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA, Linn.
Synonym, Asclllpias decumhens.
Nat. Ord., Asclepiadacerc.
Common Names, Pleurisy Root. Butterfly ,veed. Colic Root.
Orange Apocynum.
The root ol' the lmttcrfly weecl is large, fleshy, nnrl f rom it nrise num­
erous stems, two feet high, hairy, brnnching toward the top. Lc1wcs
nlteruate, oblong, lnnceolnte, upper surface dark green, paler benenth.
Umbels numerous in a large terminal corymh. Flowers orange-red.
Pods lanceolatc-poiute<l, seerls having long silky down. The plant is
found in dry fields in Cnnndn. nncl United States. It flowei-s in August.
Preparation.-The fresh root is chopped nnd po11mled to a pulp
nnrl weighed. Then two parts by weight of nlcohol are taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the
alcohol added. After stirring the whole well, and pouring it into a
well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight clnys in n. dark, cool
place. The tincture is then sepnrnterl by decn11ti11g, straining and
filtering
Drng power of tiucture, L
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
10G HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
ASCLEPIAS VINCETOXICUM, Linn.
Synonyms, Cy11a11chum Vincetoxicum, Persoon. Vincetoxicum
Officinale, !Jfoench.
Nat. Ord., Asclepiadncere.
Common Name,• \Vhitc Swnllow-wort.
This plant is indigenous to _Europe and is found there gr� wing in
rocky places. Stem two feet !ugh, leaves cordatc-ovate, acummate, on
very short petioles. Umbels small, axil\aq. The root-st�ck is abot!t
the thickness of a finger, knotty! and gives off m�ny rad1cles. I� 1s
whitish or yellowish externally, mteroally yellowish. It has a d1sa­
grrcablc odor, somewhat similar to that of valerian, and a bitter,
acrid tnste.
Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves arc chopped nod pounded to it
pulp and weighed. Then tnkc two-thirds by weight of alcohol, and
ndd it to the pulp, stirring nnd mixing_ the wholc _ w�II tog�t�cr, �ncl
strain hy the usual method through a piece of new !men. lhc tmc­
turc thus obtained is allowed to stand eight days in a wcll-stoppcrc<l
bottle, in ::i d::irk, cool place, nud then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, ½-
Dilutions must be p1·cpnred as directed under Clnss II.
ASIMINA TRILOBA, D1mal.
Synonyms, Anonn. Trilobn. Asiminn. Campani0ora. Parcclia
Trilob:1. Uvaria Triloba.
Nat. Ord., Anonnccrc.
Common Name, Common Papaw.
This is a small tree from ten to twenty feet high, growing on the
banks of streams in rich soil, from New York and Pennsylvania west
to Illinois and southw::ird. The young shoots and expanding leaves
arc clothed with a rusty down, but soon become glabro'.1s. Leaves
thin, obovate-lanceolatc, pointed; petals dull purple, vemy, round­
ovatc, six in number, increasing after the bud opens, the _outer· ones
three to fom times as long as the calyx. Stamens numerous m a globu­
lar mass. Pistils fow, ripening one to four lnrge and oblong (three to
four inchrs long), pulpy scvcrnl-scccled fruits, yellowish . in color, swe�t
and edible in autumn. Seeds horizontal, Hat, cnqlosed m a fleshy anl.
Flowers appear with the leaves in April an<l May.
Proven by E. H. Eiscnboeg, U. S., Thesis, 1870. . to stnnrl eight days in n dnrk, cool pince. The tincture is then sepa­
Preparation.-Thc ripe seeds, coarsely po\\'clcre�, ar� covered ,�,1th
fiyc p1trls by weight of alcohol, and allowed to _remain eight ?nys, 111 a
well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, bcmg shaken tmce a day.
'The tincture is then poured off, strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, T�-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss IV.
ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Lilinccrc.
Common Name, Asparagus.
HOMCEOPATITIC PHARMACEUTICS. 107
This universally well known plant, cultivntcd in our gardens for
culinary use, is n nnti vc of Europe, and is found in saudy plitccs, near
the sea-coast, in meadows, and along the borders of forests. The root
is composed of a short shaft terminating in n cluster of round, long,
white fibres. From this root i;pring up several herbaceous, round,
iinbrous stems, nearly three feet high; lcaYcs in fascicles, about an
mch long, glnbrous; flowers small, greenish-yellow, solitary and axil­
lary; fruit bacciform, scarlet-red, three-celled with two or three black
seeds.
Introducc<l into our Mntcria l\Icdica by Buchncr's provings.
Preparation.-Thc young sprouts arc chopped aud pounded to a
pulp nncl weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the
alcohol added. A ft.er stirring the whole well, and pouring it into a
a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stnnd eight days in a dark, cool
pince. The tincture is t.hcu separated by dccant,ing, st,rnining nnd
filtering.
Drng power of tinctmc, !-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
ASPERULA ODORATA, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Rubincc..-c.
Common Names, Sweet-scented ,vood-rnff. ,vood Rowel.
This plant is a nnt.ivc of Europe, Northern Africa, Siberia, and
,vestcrn Asia, growing in shaded hedgcbanks, copses, etc. Jn Scotland
it is found at a height of 1,200 feet. Rootstock is perennial, crecpin�,
often stoloniferous. Strms arc from six to eighteen inches high, sub­
simple, hairy beneath the nodes. Leaves arc one to one am! a half
inches long, oblong-lnnccolatc, cuspiclatc, cililLLe. Cymcs subtcrminnl,
subumhcllatc. Corolla tuhc one-fourth of nn inch in diameter, as long
as the limb, with lobes obtuse. Fruit small, hispid, with hooked hairs.
The lower leaves nrc six in a whorl, the upper seven to nine, shining,
odoriferous in drying. Flowers appear in l\lay and June.
Preparation.-Thc fresh herb, gathered shortly before coming into
hlonm, is chopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then two
parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with
one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcol1ol. added. After stirring
the whole well, and pouring it into a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed
rntccl hy decanting, straining and filtering.
A mount of drug power, ¼-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
ASPLENIUM SCOLOPENDRIUM, IJi.nn.
Synonym, Scolope11<lrium Officinarum, Smith.
Nat. Ord., Polypodinccrc.
Common Name, Hart's Tongue.
This is a fern indigenous in Europe a1Hl America. It is found grow,
108 HOM<EOPATHIC Pl-IARMACEU'l'ICS.
ing in slmcled mvincs nnd under limestone cliffs, ncnr Chittcnnngo
Falls, nnd nciu· Jamesville, Onondaga Co., New York. F rond oblong•
lnuceolate from au auricled heart,..shaped lmse, eutire or wavy-mar­
gined (seveu to eighteen inches long, one to two inches wide), of a
bright green color. Fruit-dots linear, elongntetl, almost at right
nngles to the midrib, contiguous by twos, one on the upper side of one
veinlct, nucl the next on the lower sitle of the next superior vcinlet,
thus nppearing to have a double indusium opening nlong the middle.
Preparation.-The fresh leaves are chopped and pouucled to a
pulp aud weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol nre taken,
the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, nncl the rc•st
of the alcohol added. After stirring the whole well, and pouring
it into a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stnnd eight days in a
d:irk, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decauting, strain•
ing and filtering.
Amount of <lrng power, ¼.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
ASTERIAS RUBENS.
Synonyms, Uraster Rubens. Asteracanthion Rubens.
Class, Echinodermata.
Order Astcroidca.
Family, Asteriache.
Common Name, Star Fish.
This is a marine animal quite common along the various consts of
Europe, and occnsionally found 1tlong the American coasts. It is shaped
in exact resc111blancc to a five-pointed star, is garnet-red in color, and
has the faculty of reproducing nny member that has been accidentally
lost. The central portion contains the mouth and stomach, the former
being situntcd upon the under surface, and armed with hard papill:.-e in
the place of teeth; the stomach is simply a globular sac. The nervous
system is composed of n. circular chain of ganglia from which nerve
filaments arc �iven off. An eye is situated at the extremity of each
arm. The entire :tnirn:tl is supported by an external calcareous enve­
lope or skeleton, covered with spines and tubercles. For locomotion,it
is provided with numerous muscular, tube-like processes passing out
through f'oramina in the shclly covering, and arranged in double rows
on both surfaces. Each of these terminate in a disk, depressed in the
centre
Introdncecl into the Ilommopathic Mnteria Medica by Dr. Petroz,
· papcr.
Spain. •
Preparation.-Thc live animal, cut up finely, is covered with five
parts by ll'cight of n.lcohol, poured into a well-stoppered bottle, nn<l
alloll'ecl to remnin eight days in a dark, cool pince, being shaken twice
n dny. The tincture is then poured off, strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, 1\r.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
JIOM<EOPATIIIC PilARMACEU'l'ICS. 100
ATRIPLEX OLIDUM.
Synonyms, Chcnopodium Olidum, Curt. Chcnopodiu111 V·ilvarin,
Li11n.
Nat. Ord., Chcnopndiac<'rc.
Common Name, titinking Orache or Arach. Stiuking Blite or
Goosefoot.
This plant, a native of' Europe, groll's luxuriantly c,·eryll'hcre on
ll'ays, wal Is, heaps of" ru hl,ish, places for collecting manure; sprout
stc111s from six tcJ twelve inches long, erect or dccumbcnt, with pctiolntc,
rhombic-ovate, entire, gray-green leaves and flowers standing in the
nxils, and in glomcrnted naked racemes. Durin � the flowcrin� time
thc1 whole plnnt, especially the lower surface, lool<s- ns if duste<I with
flour, and when trit,urn.tccl, emits an exceedingly nauseous s111cll, similar
to that of <leenyed cheese.
The clrug ,rns provc-n under direction of Dr. Berridge, England.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plnnt is C'hoppcrl nncl pounded to a pulp
nncl weighed. Then two parts by wc•ight of alcohol are taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly wit.h one-sixth pnrt of it, nncl the rest of the
alcohol addccl. After stirring the whole "·ell, and pouring it into a
well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stnnd eight days in 1t dark, cool
place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and fit.
tcring.
Drug power of tincture,-/;.
Dilutions must Le prepared ns directed under Clnss III.
ATROPINUM.
Synonyms, Atropia. Atropine.
Formula, cl 7 IT 23 N0 3 .
• Molecular Weight, 289.
An nlkaloid obtnined from Bella1lonna, especinlly from the root.
Preparation of Atropia.-Take of bcllado11nn. rnot, finely pow­
dered, 48 ounces troy; chloroform ptiriss., --1 ounces troy; dilute sul­
phuric acid, solution of potnssium hydrate, alcohol, and water, of each
n. sufnciency. The powdered root is to be mixed with a pint of nlco­
hol, then placed in a cylindrical percolator, and alcohol grarlually
nclclccl till 16 pints shall have pm:sed through. The percolate is to he
distilled till 12 piut.sof alcohol have co111c ornr. Dilute sulphuric ncicl
is to he then adclccl tot.he residue until its renclinn is acid, nnd thc
liq11icl is to be evaporntccl till it 111ensmcs nnc-hnlf' pint; then :t half�
pi11t of water is to he aclde<l ancl the whole f·iltcrccl through fine filtcr­
To the filtrate is acldetl one and n hnlf ounces t.rny of chloroform,
anrl next the potn,:sium hydrate till the reaction of' t.hc liquid is
slightly alkaline; the whole is to he rcpcatcclly agitntc<l nt intervals
for at least half-an-lw11r. ,vhcn the cldoroformie lay<"r hns subsiclccl,
the upper lighter liquid is to be sepnrntc<l fro111 it, nnd to the latter
must be added one n.nd a half ounces troy of the chlornform; repeat
the ngitation and separation of the two lnycrs ::is before. To the

llO HOl\ICEOPATRIC PHARMACEUTICS.
liorhter liquid add the remaining porLion of Lhc chloroform origin­
aITy taken, with n'ne11·ed agitation and separation. The thrcl' por­
tions of' h1':t,·il·r li'luid arc to he plnecd in a dish and �et asicl1· and
the chlorofill'ln allowed lo evaporate, when the atropia nmy he ohtaim,d
in the dry stalt'. The preparation so oht:iined 111a_r h!: ('l'y:;tallizecl hy
di::.•nlvi1w it i11 7 or 8 volumes of' h,,ili11:,.: alcohol, which 11111,;t, he in
tll(' hiorhc?st degree :111hydro11s, t.hc so-c:dlci'I anhydrous alcohol of' co111-
111erce"not s11flici11g. The soluLion 11t11!-t then be placed i11 a flat di�h and
eL aside in a ro11111 whose lc111pcraLure is rnther below the 111ediu111,
that it may slowly evaporate.
Properties and Tests.-Purc atropine is in hrillinnL, well-defined,
net'dlc-shapctl 1•r_rstak In commerce, Lhc alkaloid is of'lc11 found as rt
white 01· yellow-white powdery mass. lt has a tolerably hitter, dis­
agreeable taste, which re111ains for some time. The pure atropia is
�ol11blc in 850 parts of cold and in GO of hot water, in 8 Lo 10 of' alcohol,
30 to �5 of' ether, 3 of chloroform. In watery soluLio11 it gradunlly
undergoes decomposition. It fuses at 90 ° C. (194° F.), nnd wh1•11
heated above 140 ° C. (284 ° li'.), it is decomposed, leaving uo residue;
l,y careful healing it may be suhli111rd without change. \Vhcn its
11:atery �olution is hoiled, a minute portion of the allrnloid volatilizes
wiLh the vapor of waLer. Like all Lhc trne alkaloids, it has nn al­
kaline reaction, ncnLralizcs acids completely, forming then crystal­
lizable salts, wiLhout, howc,·er, displacing the basic hydrogen of the
acid. Air and moisLnre seem to produce some change in aLropin, for
exposure to the111 n•�ults in the alkaloid's hecoming cli�ngreeahle in
odor, yellow in color and losing its capability of' crystallizing.
Tests.-At.ropinc dissolves slowly in conccntmted sulphuric :witl
wiLliout. change of colnr; if this sol11Li11n he war111ed till iL heco111C's
slightly brown, and Lhe11 :i. fow drops of water are added, an ngreenhle
odor is evolved resemhling that of' Lhe !'loe blossom, oi·, nccnnling to
some ohservers, thaL of' Lhe orange. On further healing, Lhc odor is
intensified.
\Vhrn some clrops of concentrated sulphuric acid are henterl with n
frag111pnt of bir.hronmLe of potassium or molybclatc of ammonia, ntHI
thl'n some aLropia, Lngether with two or three drops of wnter,arc added,
the odor of' oil of' hitter almonds or or 8p ircea idma1·ia is produce!!.
Vicric acid do�· not precipitate the r<alts of ntropia; hence, if a snlu­
tion of atropia, after being acidified with dilute sulphuric acid, give a
prrcipitate with Lhis reagent, we must believe that some other alkaloid
is prc!'CnL.
Daluria, an alkaloid from Dat1trn Stramo11ium, has long heen lwl!l
by chemists Lo he identical with atropia, nnd is said to be f' reciucntlv_
suhsLiLuted for Lhc l:tLtcr; the physiological action of' the two :ire
known to he not ident.ierd, anrl ns between the two, the picric acid trst
ahn,·c �ivcn alTbnls a ready mcnns of distinguishing. The dilnLing
p,,wcr of atropia upnn the pupil will not i,erve for its id!'ntification, for
Lhc alkaloid hyo�(•ya111inc po�es.•es Lhc same property, although Lhe
lntt<·r i� ,.:11111<•1rh:,t �1111\'l'I' in its action.
Preparation for Hcmceopathic Use.-Purc nLropin is prepared
hy Lrituration, Iii; dirrl'l.ed under Class VIL
•
ROMCEOPATillC PHARMACEUTICS. 111
ATROPINUM SULPHURICUM.
Synonyms, At,ropi:c 811lphm1. Atropia ,.'ulphurica.
Common Name, t>ulphatc of' ALropia.
Formula, (C 1 7 I-1 23 N0 3)2, I-1 2 S0 4.
Molecular Weight, li7li.
Preparation of Sulphate of Atropia.-1\lix one part ·or atropia
with two parts of distilled water; mid dilute sulphuric acid,'drop hy
rlrop, with constant stirring, Lill Lhc alkaloid if! dissolver! nnd Lhe solu­
tion made neutral. Evapornlc Lo dryness in a room at :i. temperature
not exceeding 87.7 ° U. (100 ° F.).
Properties.--Sulphatc of aLropia is a white crystalline powder, or
forms small, colorlel'S, silky prisms. It is soluble in three parts of cold
water, and in ten part.5 of no per cent. alcohol ; the solution should be
neutral to test paper. It is insoluble in eLher, chloroform and bcnzol.
It has a clisagr<'cable, hitter taste.
Tests.-lf Lhc alkaloid hcllndonnia he present, the fact mny be de­
termined hy dissolving Lhe ,.:nit in 200 pnrLs of water and adding a few
drops of sodium carbo111tle solution, when a disLincL Lurbidity will occur.
The salt, when hurn<'rl on platin11m foil, ,.:hould len,·e no residue.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Thc pure sulphate of
atropia is prepared by triLuralion, as directed under Ulass VII.
AURUM.
Synonyms, Aurnm :Mclallicum. Aurum FoliaLum.
Common Name, Gold.
Symbol, A11.
Atomic Weight, l!lG.2.
Origin and Properties.-Thc � etnl gi_ilrl is foun� in nnture _ in
the metallic state, generally alloyed_ with ,·ary1_11p; pn�port,ons o: sil _,·cr.
It is found in vein� in qunrtz or 111 the cleLntus of rock, as III n,•cr
sand. From river !"and it is obtained by simply washing and from the
qun,rLz by crnshing and su h�<•q11cnt :1111algamation ll'iLh mercury.
Properties.-Gold is a brilliant, soft meta,) of an orauge-ycllow
color. Its !=<pecific �ravity is ]!J.aa. It is ,·cry ductile nlHl cxLrao_r­
dinnrily malleable. IL f'usC's at 1250 ° C. (2282 ° F). Js u nnlternhlc !n
_
the air nnrl is not aflrctetl by any acid or :ilkal1. It 1: solubl� 1_11
chlorine, and liciuidf' containing that element, such ns mtro-munat,c
acid, are usccl f'or di!'solvi11g Lhc metal. . .
Precipitation of Gold. -Thirty gr:iin,; of' gold arc cl,ssoh·ecl 111
nitro-muriatic acid; to Lhis solution six gallo11s of distill� d \\'aLer are
added; then two ounces of' ferrous sulphaLe are dis!'oh·cd 111 one <i�•arL
of distilled water, and the two solutions mixed togeLher. _Then 1s lo
be added chlorate of potaR'!ium in solut!on, and th_r \\'holr 1s l�L stnn'.I
.
until the fcrrou!' �11lphnte is con,·_crtcd 111to a JC'�T!C salt,_ thaL 1s, u_ntil
a drop of Lhe solution 110 longer gl\·es a h (ue prcc1p1tnlc w1tl1 _ p�ta,;f.111111
ferri-cyanidc ( red prn,.:sinLc or potash). Fmally aqua ammo111a '" ad!!l'd
in excess. The prccipiLntcd forric hydraLe carries down nil Lhe fmc
112 HOl\CCEOPATHIC PHAlll\CACEUTICS.
gold held in suspension. The ferric hydrate is now dissolved out with
hydrochloric acid, the metallic gold collected ou n filter, and after being
th,)roughly washed nnd dried is triturnted, aecundum artem.
It wns introduced into our l\lateria Meclien bX Hahnemann.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-The precipitated metnl
is prepared by trituratiou, as directed under Class VII.
AURUM FULMINANS.
Proper Name, Ammonium Aurate. Composition not determined.
Preparation for Fulminating Gold.-This metallic substance,
\\'hich at first was obtnined by combining oxide of gold with ammonia,
is more advantageously prepared by means of pure chloride of gold.
_ _ nm!nonia in �xces.c;:
It_ i:1 t.hu� procured b): l.'reciI?ilating the chloride by
after wl11ch the prcc1p1tatc 1s well washed by bo1hng 111 a solut1011 ot
a111munia. It is then, on clrying, n yellowish-brown pow<lcr. It ex­
plodes at a temperature 1\ little above that of boiling water or by the
bl,)w of a hammer, with a loud report nud feeble flame.
Preparations for Homc:eopathic Use.-Only centcsimul tritu­
rations arc used, the first nn<l second of which are prepared with
starch moistened with diluted alcohol; all further triturations with
sugar of milk, as directed under Class VII.
AURUM MURIATICUM.
Synonyms, Auri Chloridum. l\foriate of Gold. Tri-chloride of
G,1ld
Present Name, Auric Chloride.
Common Name, Chloride of Gold.
Formula, Au Cl 3 •
Preparation.-By digesting one part of pure gold in four parts
ol nitro-muriatic acid at a moderate heat, placing the solution in a flat
porcelain vc..«scl nnd hcnting on n 1-;lyccrinc lmth nt 115 ° C. (239 ° F.)
until the vnpor of hydrochloric acid ceases to come off. The mass is
then cli:<solvcd in hnlf its weight of distillc<l water nnd cvuporntcd over
co111·1'11tmtccl sulphuric nci<l lill it crystnllizcs.
Properties.-Chlt•ridc of gold is iu yellow four-sidccl prisms nr
a cry�lallinc yellow powder. lt is very hyirl'Oscopic, nnd is rn�ily sol-
11l1lc in water, alcohol and ether; its solutions nre gradually rccl11('t'1l
in the light. IIcatC(I :ibove 150 ° C. (302 ° F.) it is dccompos1•cl with
the cvol11tio11 nf' chlori11c and is rccluccd to the trnrous state. Its tnstc
is somcwlmt inky with a. metallic aft.er-taste.
The remedy was intrncluccd into our Materia l\fodicn. by Hnhncmiinn.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-The pure chloride of
gold is dissol vcd in nine pnrts· by weight of distilled wntcr.
A111011nt of' drug power, fo-.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class V-a.
Triturntions of the pure chloride of gold arc prepared ns directed
uuder Clns.,; VII.
HOJ\ICEOPATJIIC PHARMACEl/'.l'ICS. 113
AURUM MURIATICUM NATRONATUM.
Synonyms, Au1·i et Sodii Chloridurn. Auro-Natrium Chloralum.
Sodium Chloro-Aurate.
Present Name, Auri-sodic Chloride.
Common Name, Chloride of Gold nod Sodium.
Formula, Na Cl, Au Cl 3 , 21-I� 0.
Preparation of Chloride of Gold and Sodium.-This is
prepared by n1ixing a solution of four parts of auric chloride in eight
of water with one of four pnrls of sodium chloride in four of water
and cvnpornling.
Properties.-The salt crystallizes in long four-sided prisms which
are permanent in the nir; they nrc of n golden-yellow color, dissolve
readily 1111d completely iu water, but iu alcohol only the gold chloride
goes into solution.
It was first proven by Lembke, in Germany.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-The pure chloride of
gold and sodium is prepared by triturntion, as directed under Class
VII.
AURUM SULPHURATUM.
Synonym, Sulphurettcd Gold.
Present Name, Auric Sul1ihicle.
Common Name, Yellow Snlphuret ofGnld.
Preparation and Properties of Sulphurctted Gold.-Dis.5olve
one part of auric chloride in ten volumes of cold water slightly ncidu­
lated with IICl; pass into the solution hydrogen sulphide until precipi­
tation ceases to occur. The precipitate of nuric sulphide is to be re­
moved by filtration, thoroughly washed, and dried between fokls of
bibulous paper with the aid of n gentle heat. Auric sulphide is a
flocculent substnnce of n strong yellow color, which becomes deeper by
drying. It deconiposes at a moderate hcnt by dissociation of its con­
stituents.
Our authority for its use is Dr. l\Iolin, France.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use. Sulphuretted gold is
prepared by. trituration, as directed under Closs VII.
BADIAGA.
Synonyms, Spongin Palustris, Li.nn. Spongilla Lacustris, Li.nk,
Spongilla Fluviatilis.
Nat. Ord., Spongi::c.
Common Names, Bndiaga. River Sponge. Fresh Water
Spon�e.
Tb.is beautiful green alga is to be found in stagnant waters and in
ditches in Germany, but more especially in Russia. It is very similar
in texture to the sea-sponge; appears in branching ramifications like
stags' horns with rounded corners and roundish ends, from the thick­
ness of a quill to that of a fiuger. It has a peculiar strong smell like
that of putrescent crnwfish.
8
11-1 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
ROll!CEOPATHIC pH ARMACE
UTICS.
Preparation.-The dried nud pulverized sponge is covered with
115
Preparation.-Thc fresh
five pnrts by weight of alcohol; haviug poured it into n well-stoppered root w't l its. I m. rk, is choppe
bottle, let it stand eight days in a dark, cool place, shaking twice a
pounded to a pulp a11d weighe
arc taken, the pulp lllixccl d
tho ·
1f'
'il 1 � par l.l! \•y weight of d and
I/

\� alcohol
day. The tincture is then poured off, strained and filtered. the rest of the alcohol add ; oug 1'/ "I .' � 11c-s1 xth part of it, nnd
Drug power of tincture, -h- pourin g it int o a wcll-stop;,cre e I . _st' • ·111� the whole �veil
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV. m a dark, cool plaec. The J boti/ .' �� is .1. ;� o 11 cd to stand eight and
'l'riL11 rnLions ;u·c prepared from the <lric<l Rpongc, us directed u n der rme·tuic . 18 the days
stra.in ing 1u11l filtcriug. n separated by c.lccauti11g,
Class VI. D!·ug_ power of ti11ct.ui·o, /r.
BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM.
.
Synonyms, Myrospcrmurn Pcruifcrum , De Candulle. (l\[yruxy-
Ddutwns 111ust be prcparcc.1

BARTFELDER (Al'id
as directed under Class III

Spri n g).
.

lon l'crcinc, Klolzsch.) Cold spri11gs iu u 1 ,cr H t

Nat. Ord., Lcguminosa:. 11 rngary i to111pcrnture fr om 450 to 500 F
Common Names, Balsam of Peru. Q,uinquino. .
Analysis (Schultes).
l\Iyrosrcrmum Pcruiferurn is a handsome Lreo, growin g Lo Lhc 16 ouncrs fu rnished J . . .
1 59grains of residue, coutamm
height of fifty feet, n n d at six or ten feet from the groun d throwing 'c.•.:°' 1•)11111 (':1rl•t11:tlc.
, _ .
g
. s.
out spreading, ascending branches. It is found i 11 Sun Salvador, Cen­ fiod11u11 l'ld o ridc O
.G t gram
tral America. l'olassi1u11 ( ·ar1 11 ,;ral � .
3 � 0 "
Description and Preparation of Balsam of Peru. The l'ul:1ssi11111 ('ld oridc ' · .7 0 •>
0.G2
bark of the tree is bruised by heating with a blunt instrum en t; i n 11. Fcrrnn, Carlmn·atc
Silica . ' ' '· 0.40
fow days t,hc injured bark either drops off or is removed, 11.n rl the
. .. .
o.�ij
stem begins to exude the bn.lsn m. Balsam of Peru is n. liquid, looking 0.
Extr:.'cti,·c· l�attc� :
Preparation,-Not p r;vc
like m olasses, but is somcwlmt less viscid. In thin ln.yers it is deep ,; in. ) ot onc : s, but f:� r qu1 .
7

fi_ st u�ul S<!c·o111l dilutions with distil! cd wa1� _ . _i o" 1:ccJ, prcparo
orange-brown in color, and transparent. IL has a balsamic odo r which
r

c1es with alcohol. ci, tl111 <l an<.J lughcr poteu-

is also somewhat smoky, but when the liquid is smeared on paper arHI
wa rmed the o<lor becomes fragmnt and agreeable. It.s specific gravity BARYTA ACETICA.
is 1.15. It is insoluble in water, but the latter abstracts from it a. little
cinna111ic with traces of bcll'l.oic acid. It is soluble in absolute alcohol Synonym, Ila riu Ill J\ ccta.te.
nnd chlo rofo rm. Present Name, Hnriu,11 Acc
fntc.
om
lL was first proven by Lembke, in Ger m any. �ormmon Name, Acc•fatc of' Barium .
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The balsam is dissolvc,l ula! Ra. (C 2 lI 3 O .
2 )2
in the proportion of' 011 0 part by weight to nine parts by weight of . Preparation of Acetate of Barium -TI. " .
uincLy-fivo per cont. alcohol, a.nd desigrnLtetl mother-tincture.
Drug power of tincture, 1\·.
Dilutions m ust be prepared as directed under Class V-a.
�;
.ssolv •g ure c:u h'.m:!to of bari
��
gen ° ,Picn.t, !.ill 11. 1s neutralized
equal qua n tity of distilled wat
<'
um in dilu te ac�: �c
'J'J1c r111 u11· I is
• <l·t'
11
1 ar
�:��ft '.!�
i1 �;�: ai
iutcd with an
�a
preserved ir! ,1·oll-stoi1p<'r�d h�tt . flI torec1' evaporated to dry n ess, and
l��-
Properties and· Tests.-
BAPTISIA. Acrtn . tc O f bari. .
Synonyms, Baptisia Ti n ctorin,, R. Brown. Sophora TincLorin,
obli ue rh m b' :': pnsn1s, clllorc�ccnt i1'. air n n d um 'rea
rs a colorlcss salt in
the ioJutio� .
n g j�!\t 11 nc
dily sol11 blc in �rntc r
�o
Lin11. Pocblyria Tinctoria, Michaux.
Nat. Ord., Leguminosre.
sulphate of 1��. 1t
acetic vapors a.re given <:f/
Iite
t ..r p recipitate with n solution of
n r I �sc;� 18 acted upo
n by sulphuric ncid,
Common Name, "\Viki Indigo. wns firs� pro,·on by Dr. Gross,
This is an in digenous pere nnial herb growing abt111 dantly through­ �repara i n Ger
out the United States, in dry and poor soil, i n woods nnd on hills. Its tion for Homc:eopath 1. U many
acetate of bn1.·1um is •. olve . se.- 0· no part by weight of
stem is from t.wo to three feet high, s mooth 1111(1 slc n rlcr, ve r y lirnnchy, · diss d m lime parts hy weight of distilled
water.
�

rnt,hcr glaucous. Lonves s m all, three-folinlc, wcdgc-ohovnle, bluish-grcr11, Amount of dru power 1
almost sessile; stipules a.nd bmcts minute and deciduous; racemes fcw­ . n_s must ge prepar
1 utio
ed as
Triturat1ons of pure aco ta tc directed under Cla·!'S V-a.
' l (J·
flowcred, terminal on the branches; coroll:i. yellow; pods oval-globose,
D'l
on n stalk. Flowers from July to September. under Class VII. Of banu • m arc prepared as directed
11G HOMCEOPATHIC PHARl\IACEUTICS.
BARYTA CARBONICA.
Synonyms, Barium Carbonicum. Barii Carbonas.
Present Name, Barium Carbonate.
Common Name, Carbonate of Barium.
Formula, Ba 00 3 •
Molecular Weight, 197.
Origin and Preparation of Carbonate of Barium.-Barium
carbonate is found in nature as witherite, 11, yellowish or grayish, bril­
liant mincrnl, crystnlliziug in rhombic prisms, bnt oftener found in
rnund or kidney-shaped masses. It may be prepnrcd artificially hy
precipitating nnr, soluble barium salt hy n. soluble cnrbnnatc, preferably
of nn alkali. The precipitate is to bo collected by filtration, wnshc<l
and dried.
Properties.-Barium carbonate, prepared as directed above, is a
pure white, odorless, tasteless powder, almost insoluble in wat(?r. lL'>
specific gravity is 4.2 to 4.3. It is soluble iu water containing carbon
dioxide; hydrochloric and nitric acids dissolve it with the formation
of the salt of each.
Tests.-Barium carbonate should dissolve completely in dilute
hydrochloric acid with evolution of C 0 2 (an undissolved residue is
barium sulphate). The filtrate precipitated from its solution by sul­
phuric acid in excess, is not affected by sodium carbonate (absence of
metals of the earths). Ammonium sulphi<lc or hydrogen sulphide pro­
duces no change in its solutions (absence of the metals).
It was.first'proven under Hahnemann's directions.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The pure carbonate of
barium is prepared by trituration, as directed under Class VIL
BARYTA JODATA.
Synonym, Barii Iodidum.
Present Name, Barium Iodide.
Common Name, Iodide of Barium.
Formula, Ila 1 2 , 2TI 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 427.
Preparation of Iodide of Barium.-To a solution of iodide of
iron add barium carbonate in excess, boil the mixture an<I separate hy
filtration the ferrous carbonate. Set the filtrate aside to crystallize.
Barium iodide crystnJlizcs in colorlcss rhombic tables, soluble in water,
am! in alcohol containing water. It is very hygroscopic, and in contact
with the air quickly decomposes with the separation of iodine and con­
sequent yellowish-brown coloration of the salt. It is frequently found
in commerce as a yellowish-white powder. Its taste is disagreeable nn<l
nausea.ting. It is very poisonous, as indeed are all the soluble com­
pounds of barium.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The pnre iodide of ba•
rium is prepared by trituration, as directed under Class VII.
HOMCEOPA'l'flIC PHARMACEUTICS. 117
BARYTA MURIATICA.
Synonym, Barii Chloridum.
Present Name, Barium Chloride.
Common Name, Chloride of lla.rium.
Formula, Ha Cl 2, 2H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, t4.J..
Prep�rat�on.-Tnke of barium carbonate, granulated, and of hy­
drochlor1_c ac1d,.ench one part, and of water five pnrts. Add the water
to the acHI! and then grndually to the mixture add the cnrbonnlc. As
soon as cflervc�c."n?c ha� nearly ceased, heat the liquid slightly, nn<l
after rcpca.t�d st1rrn1g� hltcr. ? et �h? filtmtc :1sidc to crystnl_lizc.
Propertles.-Banu111 _ehlondc If! 111 culorlc�s, tr1111sparcnt rhombic
�1iblcs or plnt.cs, fmlublc 111 4 parts of cold and in 1 of hot water,
�n 400 parts of cold nnd about 35 of' hot alcohol; it is almost insoluble
111 nhsolutc alcohol. It hns the unpleasant, bitter, nnuscnting tnste of
the soluble barium compounds.
. Te�ts.-Con�mcrcinl bari �1m chloride often contains small quanti­
ties of the chi<ll'ldes of strout1um nnd calcium· nlso nl 11111 iuium chlor­
ide, f�nic c hloride! rind ucc ?sionally traces of copper and !earl. The
stront �um and calcll�lll clil�n�cs m�y be rcmoyerJ by wrishing the crys­
tals_ with alcohol; nflcr ng1tntwn of the po\\'dcrccl salt "·ith alcohol and
scttm� fire to a portion of the latter, its flame should show not the
least _trngc_ of red (abs�nce of s\rontium). After precipitation by sul­
plll�nc nc1rl and fill<'rn1g, t.hc filtrn�c �hould give no precipitate with
so_rllllm carbonate (absence of calc1u'm). Its solution, when treated
with hydro �c11 su lphidc or ammonium sulphide, shoulrl show no chnngc
(nh8cncc_ot lend, 1ro11 rind other metals). The complete solubility of'
_
the _salt m water ":•II prove the ab�encc of sulphate :111<1 carbonate of'
banum. lt.5 �olut1011, when trcntcrl with sulphuric acid or a �olutio11
ofa sulphate, gi,·<'s a. "·hitc precipitate insoluble in nitric ncicl. With
silver nitrate solution a similar result occurs.
It was first proven hy Hal111cma1111.
Prepar_atio1: fo� H�m �opath!c. {! se.-Onc part by weight of
pure ehlornlc ol bar111111 1s dissolved 111 11 111e parts by ll'eight of distilled
water.
Amount of clrug power, "flf ·
Dilutions must be prepared as directer] unrler Cln�s V-ri.
Triturntions of pure chloride of barium arc prcpnrctl as directed
under Clnss VIL
BELLADONNA.
Synonyms, Atropa Bellarlonna,-Linn. Solauum Furiosurn or
Mnniacum. Solarium Somnifcrum.
Nat. Ord., Soln11ncc::c.
Common Names, Deadly Night$hnde. Common Dwnle.
An hcrbac?ous P;�·cnnial plant, producing thick, smooth stems, four
or five feet high. 1 he stems arc at first three-forked afterwards two­
forkcd, bearing above, bright green leaves in uucqu;d pairs, pointed,
118 llOMiliOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
oval nnd entire. The flowers nrc solitary, bell-shaped, pendulous nnd
purple in colur, an<l nre followed by lnrge purple-hlaek berries. The
root in a plant several years old is fleshy, crccpiu�, a foot or more
in lcu"t,h, between hnJf au inch and one inch in tl11ckncss, and when
dried, �vrinkled lon.,itudiually. The clifforcncc between the young and
old roots is shown �lOt ouly by the size hut nlso hy Lhe frneturc, whieh
in old roots is woody, while in the yo u ng iL is mealy or grm,ulatccl.
The plant is :i naLivc of Europe, cxLell(ling <·:tst to Lhe C:wc:ti'Ui', grows
in shady places, flowers in July, and ripens its fruit in September.
It 1rns lirst proven by Hahncm:ulll.
Preparation.-Thc entire fresh plant, gat.hcrccl when corning inLo
flower, is chopped and pound('d to a fine pulp, enclosed in 11 piece
of new linen and submitted Lo pre1Ss11rc. The exprcsi:<'d j u ice is Lhcn,
hy brisk agitation, mingled with an cqunl pnrt by weight of nlcohol.
This mixt u re is allowed to stand eight days in a well-stoppered bottle,
in a dnrk, cool place, and then filtered.
Drng power of tincLure, ½.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
BELLADONNA E RADICE.
Root of Atropa Belladonnn, Li1111.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root, gathered in m1tumn, is choppcrl nnrl
pounded to a fine pulp, cnclosccl in a picec of new linen, nnd suhmiLtccl Lo
pressure. The expressed juice is Lhcn, by brisk agitation, 1 11inglcd with an
equal part by weight of alcohol. This rnixLurc is allowed to stand eight
clays in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, aud then filtered.
Drng power of tincLurc, ½.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed 11ndcr Class I.
BELLIS PERENNIS, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Composit::c.
Common Names, Englisl\ Daisy. Gnr<lcn Dnisy. Hens and
Chickens.
This is :i perennial, fonnd growing in pm1l.11res and mcndows t.hrough-
011t Europe, aud sparingly nnt11mlized in some pnrts of the New Eng­
land States. Rootstock. short, fibres stouL. Leaves long, fleshy, obo­
vatc-spn.L11latc, obl:11sc or rouudcd nt Lhc crcnate Lip, midrih broad.
Scape two to five inches high. Flower-head thrce-fourLhs to one inch
in diameter, solitary; involucrc of green bracts, obtuse, often tipped
with black. Ray-flowers white or Lipped with pink, disk bright yel­
low. Flowers in spring and summer.
It was proved by Dr. Thomas, of England.
Preparation.-The fresh planL, in flower, is chopped and pmmdcd
to a p u lp, enclosed in a piece of new linen and submitted to pressure.
The expre�sed juice is then, by brisk agitation, mingled with an equal
part by weight of alcohol. This mix:Lur c is allowed Lo stand eigh•
days in :i dark, cool place, and then filtered.
Drng power of' tincLure, t
!>il11Lions must be prcpare<l as directed under Class T.
HOM<EOPA'rIIIC l'HARMACEU'l'lCS. 11 !J
BENZINUM NITRICUM.
Synonym,Nitrobenzol,1 111.
Present Name, Nitro-bcnzol.
Common Names, ArLificinl Oil of Bitter Almonds.
Formula, C 0 IT� (N0 2 ).
Molecular Weight, u:1.
Pr_eparatio? of Nitro-benzol.-Hy adding hcnzol or benzine (not
vasolme, sonict111a's enllcd l!<'_nzcnc, one of' Lhc disLillntion products of
_
petroleum) 111 sni:111 qu:111t1L1es to warm concentrated 11itric acid a
reddish liquid is prod11ccd, which, when trcnLed with water Lhrows
down nn oily p�·�cipita�c ol' nitr'.,-be11�0I. When the procei:� is con­
ducLcd at the bml111g point there 1s a violent rcacLion and there is nlso·
obtained_ some di-nitn_i-bcnzol. It is purified hy ll';1 shing with water
and rectified over calcmm ehloride.
. P_roperties.-_Nitro-bcnzol is a transparent oily looking, yellowish
)1q u 1d, ll'hose specific gr_a\'iLy is 1.16 to 1.2. It. is very slightly soluble
rn ll'atcr, somc�l'!1: 1t _ so III alcoho_l, but _ only with clifficulty in aqueous
nlcohol. It mixes 111 n.11 proportions with ether 1 chloroform carbon di­
s�!IpJ1ldc a�d in the :'ola�ilc and fatty oils. W hen coolcd below 3° C.
(07.2 F.) 1t crystallizes 1n needles. Its odor is similar. to that of oil of
b!U.cr almonds and iL hns unfortunately been termed artificial oil of
b1Ltcr nlmonds-�111 fo1:tu!rntcl):, because of the pos.�ibility of its being
user! for the gcn u 111� oil rn culinary flavoring. It is extremely poison­
ous even by 111halnt1on. It has a S\\'CCt taste.
. Test?.-�iLro-bcnzol may be identified by its odor, together \l'ith
its _ r_<'actwn with nascent hydrogen and the consequent producti,Jll of
a11 _rl111. A_ few drops arc to be shaken with zinc :rnd dilute s u lphuric
acid 1111d digested for a liWe while. The 1nixt u rn is lo he filtered nncl
Lhc filtrate test?d 11·iLh pot.11ssiu111 chlorate for anilin, 11·hcn, if the lallt'r
be present, a violet cq]or appears.
_
. Preparat_10� for H�m�opathic Use.-One part by weight of
n1tro-henzol 1s dissolved 1n 111uc parts by weight ol' niucty-fivc per cent.
al,·11IHll.
A11101! nt of rlr11g- power, ,\r.
J)rl11t 1011s must he prepared as directed Ull() Cr Clnss VI-a.
BERBERINUM.
Synonyms, Ilcrberin. Ilerberia. Ilerbcrina.
Fo_r1;1ula, C 20 H 17 NO 1 •
0�1gm.- �[1 c alkaloi1 berbcrina exists in a. number of plnnts be­
.
long 111 g to cl1flcrcnt famil1ci::-
_ . e. g., Berberis v1dgaris, Calurnba root,
Geo.ffroyci Jamaice11sis, Hydras/is Ca11adensis, etc.
B�rhcrina ll)!IY he rcndily obtained from the root ofhyd rn slis ca11a­
dcns1s hy maklllg nn cxtr��t with boiling water, treating this ll'ith hot
alcohol, and after the add1L1on of'sOmc water distilling off most of the
nlcohol. The residue is to be treated wiLh nitric ncid till the rcnction
is wc:�ldy acid, and Ll�c \\'hole set aside to crysLnllizc. After some clays
the n1trntc of bcrbcnna can be removed and rccrystallizccl from solu-

120 HOl\lCEOPA'l'HlC PHARMACEUTICS.
! ion in hot water. The now purified nitm!IJ c1111 ho d1·co111poso<l by alka­
line cnrhonn.to solution and the borborinn. crystnllil.od out.
Properties.-Borberiu:i. is in permanent, small, gli ·tcniu�•, yellow
needles or prisms, of 11. bitter taste. They nro 11olul,lo in aGout 50P
parls or cold, aucl \·ery rondily in hot water; diflicultly soluble i11 cold
but easily in hot alcohol; iusolublo in ether. The solutio11s arc 11011-
tr:tl. !Tcatrd upon a wator-lmth they lose Hl.3 per l'<•11t. or watrr, at
120 ° C. (.2-18 ° F.) they fuse to n yellow 1·esi11011s 11111�,i, ancl at 11car
200" C. (8\:l2 ° F.) they dcco111puse, giving orr yellow odorous \'n.pors.
\Yit:h t.ho acids horborin:t forrns �olden-yellow, gc11ornlly crystnlliznhlc,
hitter tnsti11g salts. Who11 n. sol11t,io11 of' snlt of horbcri11:i in hot alc·,,­
hol is treated with n solution of' iodi110 in pul.:1ssi11n1 iodide, dark grc'l'II
sc:des rnpidl:· form. hn.ving a mol.nllic lustre, nud which, when ox:1111incd
by tr:1ns111itted light. arc of 11. roclclish-brown color.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The pure borhoriua is
prepared by triturat.iou, tL" tlireeto<l uudor Class VII.
BERBERIS.
Synonyms, Berberis Vul�ori«, Linn. Spina Acida.
Nat. Ord., Berborido.cc::c.
Common Names, Common B:1rl-orry. Pipporidgo Bush.
This pln11t is i11digrnous to :Europe, b11t is naturalized in Now Eurr­
ln.11cl. It is 11. bushy shrub three t,i eight. f�ot high, whose brn11clt�s
arc well supplied with thorns. Lo1wos ohovat-e, bristly-serrate. The
yellow flowers hang in clusters. The fruit is a. •mmll, oblonrr, scnrlct
berry, whoso plcasa11t ncicl Lnsto commends it for 1»aki11g a s�·oet pre­
serve. Tito bark of the root is used i11 hommopa1.l1ic.. plta.n11acy. It. is
of n grnyish-brown color externally, ancl safli·o11-yoll0\\ within.
IL wns first proven by Hesse, in Gonnuny.
Preparation.-Thc fresh bnrk from the root is coar�ly powdered
and wci�hcd. Thon two parts by wl'igltt of nleohol nro ncid<.!cl to it;
the mixture is put into n well-stoppcrocl bottle n11d allowcu t,, st1111d
ri g-ht dn.ys in a. dark, cool place, shaking twice n day. The tincture is
to ho poured ofl� strai11c1l and filtorocl.
Dl'llg power of tincture, A.
Dilutions mu3t be prepared as directed under Class III.
BISMUTHUM METALLICUM.
Synonyms, Bismuthum. l\Iotallic Bismuth.
Common Name, Bismuth.
Symbol, l3i.
Atomic Weight, 210.
llis11111th is found in nature in the metnllic stnto i11 veins rnnning
through certain erystnllizccl rocks. It chiefly occurs in Saxony n11<l
Bohcmin. It is also found ns bismite or oxide, as sulphide or bis'llmthi-
11ile, as sulpho-tolluricle :111cl as carbonate.
Preparation of Metallic Bismuth.-'.J.'.ho hismuth-boari11g rock,
z
HOMCEOPA'l'RIC PHARMACEUTICS. 121
brol<en up, is plncocl i11 iron tubes slightly ineli11od, nml then heat is
applied. The his11111th melts, :11111 flowing out of the tubes, is caught
in proper ve..."Scls 1111<1 ladled i11l.11 111011 Ids.
Con1111crcial hismuth c:ontains arsenic, iro11 nnrl other metals. It is
frcocl from these by li1sion with potnssium nitrnl.e, by which they nro
oxiclizccl and form :i slag, which is to ho separated from the ftts(•rl
meta\. ChPmi,·:tlly pure bismuth may be obtained by reducing n pure
RJ>l"l'imen of" t.he: basic 11itrntc, 1,y cltn.rcoal nt a reel heat.
Properties.-llismuth is a. hn.rd, brilliant, ro<lclish-whito metal in
crystalline l:uniu:u. Tiy moltiug a large: amount of it, cooling it uutil
1t crust forms over it, brcakiug t.ho crust 1111(1 pouring out the liquid
n1ct.al rrmaini11g, it 111ay he obtai11e<l in largo and hcnutiful rhomboho­
rlrons, which arc often 111istakou for cuhes. Its specific grn\'ily is 9.83.
It melts at 264 ° C. (507.2° F.), am! on solidifying expand. ".1111 of its
\·01111110. It is unallccl.ed by dry air but tarni8hos in the presence of
moisture. At a reel heat it burns with a bluish flame, forming the bis-
11111t.l10us oxide. At :t white heat it is volatile. It is readily nttackocl
hy c·hloriuc all(l hy nitric acid; but is uuaflcctcd by hydrochloric nn<l
f:U I phuric acids in the colcl.
Tests.-Digrst the metal with a. twenty per cent. nitric ncid (Lin
a11d a11ti111ony. remain 11ncli,solvccl); filter, and conco11trate the filtrate
to remo\·o most of the nitrntc by crystnllizal.ion; filter again. and lo
this filtrate add watr1· in largo an101111t, when the remaining i'tthnitrnto
will prccipitiite as 11. white powder; filter 1111cw, and the filtrate when
tested by sulphuric acid will givo a white precipitate if load be pres­
ent; with potassium forrocyanido, a. blue, if" iro11, or 11. reddish-brown if
copper be the i111p11rity. ·
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Tho pure motnllic his­
muth is prepared by trituratin11, ns c.lircctcd 1111dcr Clnss VII.
BISMUTHUM OXYDATUM.
Proper Name, Bis111ut.hous Oxide.
Synonyms, Bi�muthi Oxidum. Tri-oxiclo of Bismuth.
Common Name, Oxide of Bismuth.
Formula, Bi 2 0 3 .
Molecular Weight, 468.
Preparation of Oxide of Bismuth.--Whrn a bismuthous salt
il" tron.tod with nn alknlinc hych·atc, a white precipitate of bis111uthous
hydrate is thrown dow11; by boiling, the hydrnto loses wntor n11d is
convertocl into the oxide. A co11vcnio11t, prorriss is as follows: Tako of
suhnitratc of bismuth, one part; solution of. oda (spccificgrnvity 1.0�7',
five par�; mix nnd boil for live minutes; t.lton, ha\·ing allowed the
mixture to cool n.11d the oxide to subside, dcrnnt the supornatnnt licp1icl,
wnish the precipitate t, horoughly with distilled water, anrl finnlly dry
it hy tho hont of a watm·-lmtlt.
Properties.-Ris11111th tri-oxiclo is a yellow powclor, which becomes
clccpor in color when heated, but 011ly trnnsiently. It fosos at a red
hcnt. It clissolvos readily in hydrochloric, sulphuric ancl 11itric acids,
yicldi11g the respective snlts of bi�mulh.
122 HOl\f<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. HOMCEOPATHIC PflARMACEUTIC:S.

,
1
. Tests.�ilver nnd !end mn.y be l?res?nt as irrpurities. Ry dissolv- Properties.-Suhnitratc of bism11 t_h (s an odorl_c.c:s, nlm_ost tasteless
ine powrlc• , conR $t mg of_ n11cros � op1< :, co )orles. � ,
111g n portion of the h1 smuthous u�ndc in hydrochloric ncid n white s1Hlll'-whit<', crystall r 1

rcsid� 1c, i1�soluLile i1_1 1_iil.ric acid, indicates silver; similarly, by :1siug su ). r hombic priR ms. With moist1•11cd lit 111us pap?
r its re;'.�t1011 1s �c1d. It
_
pl111r1c nc:HI n prcc1p1tntc of wlntc color and insoluble in dilute nitric is not changed by exposure to sunlight. 8pcc1mcns of 1t bccon11ng grny °
C.
acid, indicates lend. by �uch exposure, contain !'ilwr chl!>ridc. \Vhcn hcn�cd Lo 1�0
It wns fir�I, proYcn hy J-Inh11ema11n. °
(21 2 J,'. ), iL lo�es its water, and nt a Ii 1gher tcmpcra�u re 1L loH :8, without
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Thc pure oxi<lo of bis-• nclting, its acid. The proportions of" t_he ?onst1t11cnf!', h1�mut)1ous
nrnth is pn•p:tr<'d hy t.rit1 1rnfion, ns directed under Clnss VII. ;>xidc, nit.ric_acid and walcr, arc rnrcly alike 111 any two prcparntwns,
and the oxide yaries in a1 11ount between 7!) and 81 per cent.
BISMUTHUM SUBNITRICUM. Tests.-Tlie s11lmitrntc of his11111th should dis1;nlve wit lrnut em•n·es­,
C<'IH'e i 11 lh·c times its ,·olu 1 11e of pure 1 1il.ric acid, specific µ;raYity, l.18 ncHI
�
Synonyms, Bismutlii S1 1lmil.rns. l\Ingistcrium Tiismuthi. :IT:ir­ Hlightly ll'arn 1 ccl (a. h sc 1 1cc of' carhoim t. c or s1 1 lphatc). ' � 'h � � troni;
c:is�itn Alba. solution is to I.Jc diluted with four to five volumes of d1stilletl " wnter
hc11
nm! filtered. The filfratc is to be tcstc<l in successi,·c portions.
7
Common Names, Pc:irl ,vhitc. Subuitratc of Bismuth. White
Oxide of Bismuth. treated with !'ih·cr 11itrnte, bnri 1 111 1 nilr:tfc nil(! sodium !'ulphnl c solu­
Formula, [Bi (N0 3)3] + [IliII 30 3]3. tions, 11 0 precipitate should occur (ab!'c1_1cc of chloride, �ulphatc
tc b hca cd 111 it tesi-iub
n111l
c,
Molecular Weight, 117!l . lead). Let. :L s 111all quantit y of the subn1trn � �
concent rated sul phunc nc1cl, fr c from ar­
. P_rep�ratio� .of Su1:>nitrate '?f Bismuth.-To 100 pnr ts of pure \l'ith an equnl amount of �
Len
1 11tnc acid, spcc1hc grnY 1ty l .l85, 111 a capacious glass vessel, nrc to he senic, until all the nitric acid is driven on; an<l to the sulutwn add
grndunlly added twenty-live pa rts of coa rsely powdered metallic bis­ volumes of dilute sulphur ic acid, arsenic- free, then add a small qunn­
t-tub�
muth, or as much of it ns will dissolve at the temperature of the wnter­ t.it,y of sodium chloride and a fow picc1•s of pm? zin_c. �'he tc?
hath. 'J'h<'n ad1l a small porl.ion of the metal and heat the whole for he loosely corked, and there should p1 : o.1cct mio it a r 1ecc of
should
uitrntc sol 1t10n . Upon_ hc_ n tmg the
about half an hour.• The clear supernntnnt liquid is to be decanted filter paper, moistened with silver \ . the
nnd filtered through gla!'S-wool, and to the filtrate is to be added "·ith test-tube, the grny or darker staining of the silver 111tra.te md1cntes
constnnt stir�·iiw, forty to fifty parts of distilled water, or as m�ch as presence of n!,:cnic. . . ..,
of
mny l:e rcq111recl to produce _ n noticea�,Ie turbidity. This precipitate Preparation for Homceopath1c Use.-Thc pure s11lm1t1 .1tc
contams some arsenate of bismuth. Ihe whole is to be allowed to bismuth is p r p e a red by triturnt . i on us directed under Clnss VII.
stanu in n. cool plnce, when it is to be filtered through glass-wool, and
the filtrate _ set aside to crystallizo after being crnporatcd down to BLATTA AMERICANA, J,amnrrk.
seventy or sixty-five parls. The crystals aro to be collcctcc.11'011 :t filter
of loo�cly 111_-r:rngcrl gla�-,,·o?I, a.nd the mother liquor evaporated to ·synonym, Knkcrl:1c.Amcric:1nn, Sars.
one-third of its volume, set :1s1clc, and the c rystals obtuined from it arc Class, I n�eda.
to he addc1l to tl_i nsc previously collcctcd. _ The crystals arc to ho Order, Orthoptcrn.
washed by dropp111g upon them a mixture of fivc nrls of nitric nci<l Family, nlatt.ina.
,�·it.It t<'n of _di�t.illed w:1t1•r._ Th<'y nrc to he Rpreafr upon n porrel:iin Common Name, Great)\ rncricnn Cockroach.. . .
, "·here it
!ii<• 1111d drn•d,_at nho 11 t ;!:,� U. (77 ° F.). The prepnrntion so ohtain<'< l The Bl:1tt:1 J\ 111c ri !'1111n, \l'hich is very con�mon 111_ Tirnzil
1s the nornial h1sm11th '.)US 111trntc, [Il_i (N0 3 ) 3 ] 2 + 9II 2 0. inhabits h 11 m:1n dwellings, is an orthoptcr!!us rnscc_t, w1�h nn
hody, from twelve to !'
clong at ? <l.
1xtcc11 lmcs 11:, length, uf n
F1;om tl10 normal 11 1trntc, the has1 c s(llt or subnitrntc is prepared in ovnl, rat,hcr flnt
_ prothor ax
the folluw 1 _11g mnuncr: 100 P_nrts of_ cryi;t.allizcd bismuth tri-nitratc nrc hrow11-rc1l color which becomes paler under the bully. Ihe own spots,
br
p oll'dc1 _-cd 111 � 111orl:1 r and mixed mth 400 parts of cold distilled 11':lt<'r. is smooth, shini;,g, of an ochre-yellow tint, with two lnrgcr<'neh he,); md
rhc mixture 1s then :11ldcd to 2100 parts of boiling rlistillcrl water in a which arc sometimes united in one. In the male the ?lylrn 1
Ih<'y
g-la�s vessel, :ind the ll'holc stirred with a glass rod for some minufes. the holly by n. .few lines; in Lhc fcmnlc t,ltcy n rc :L lit�lc sh_ortcr.te near
�flcr the mixtu re has hc�omc colcl, the precipitate is thrnwn upon n. nrc nmrkctl with 1111111crous lo11gitudi11al streaks which b1f11rc�
stnate and
filter ancl _ �vashcd, hy pourmg f om n. height :,00 pnrts of cold rlistillcrl
r the dotted margin tcrminnting the elytr:1. The wings n_ re arc lon er
ll'ntcr; it 1s then spread upo_n porcelain tiles in tliin layers, and 1lri <'< i reticul ar, of the length of the clytrn. The nntcm !rc wh! ch �
�he fc�t
:it a tcmpcrat.urc not, excecdmg 30 ° C.(86 ° F.). It should, while clry­ than the body, exhibit at their I.Jason. small _ y cllo,�·1sh pomt. with fi,c
mg, b _ e carefully protected from clust, sulphurcttccl hyrlrngcn mul n 111- nrc provided with black prickles nnd tcrm111nte 111 a tarsus
1 110111a gnscs. The methods as given above are ' with sli0o-ht changes, nrticulntions. ns di-
those of th? Pharrnacoprein Gcrmanie,l' . Preparation.-Thc live animal is crushed all(! triturnted,
rcctccl undc•r Cln�s l X.
 HOMCEOPATHIC PHAR�[ACEUTICS. IlOMillOPATHW l'JLAltMACEU'l'ICS. 12[i.
Soila, . . ..
BOLETUS LARICIS, Linn. Rnlphatcs (probably anhydrous) of { Lim<',.: ... : } 0.043 grammes.
Synonyms, Agaricus Luriciia. Fungus Larfois. Bolctus P 11 rgans. Magnesia, ..
"
Chlo1·idc of Sodium, . . . . . . ... . 0.030
Polyporns Otlicinalis, Pries. Alkaline, Joclidcs and Bromides,... . . 0.008
Nat. Ord., Fu11gi.
Common Names, Lurch Agn.ric. Larch llolctus. Purging Aga­
A rscniatcs . . . . . .... ... .. .. .
Scs'luioxi, {c of lron with Jllangancsc, ..
. a trace.
. 0.002 "
ric. White Ag:tric. Silien and Aluminn, . .... . 0.128
This is a fo11gus growing on the larch-tree of the ol<l world uf' Earthy l'hosphatcs, ... . .. . . . . a trace .
Nitrogcnizcd organic matters, . .. . . .an uncertain amount.
various sizes. Pili!u:; <lirty-whitc, with livi<l stai11s, coverc<l at. first :i-ith
<lirty-ycllow or brom1ish evanescent slime, subsquamose; stem eribrose A proving hy Dr. Espanct, France, is recorded.
abo1·e t h e ring, scrobiculate below, <lirty-white; tubes ndnate subdc­ Preparation.-H potcucies arc rer1uirccl, use distilled wn.tcr for
current, compound, at first nearly white. As found in eomme:·ce it is first and second dilutions, alcohol for third and higher potencies.
dep rived ol'. i � exterior ?oat, nnd consists of a light, white, sp�ngy,
somewh:�t farrnaceous, fna.bl� mass, which, though capable of being BORAX.
rubbed mto P<!wder upon a sieve, is not easily pulverized iu the ordi­
miry mode, as 1t flattens uuder the pestle. Synonyms, Natrnm Iliboracicum. Bora3 Sorlicus. Sodii Borns.
It w:is proved by Dr. 1\T. H. Bur t, U. S. Borate of 8oclium.
�repa_ration.-The drie<l fungus is covered with five pn.rts by Present Name, Sodium Tetrnboratc.
weig h t of alcohol, and afte r mixing well, the whole is poured into a Common Name, Borax.
well-stoppered bottle, aud allowed to rcmaiu eight days in a dark, Formula, Na. 2 B 4 O 7 , 10 H 2 O.
_
cool place, bemg shaken twice n. day. The tincture is then poured Molecular Weight, 382.
oft; strained and filtered. Origin and Preparation of Borax.-Borux is found native in
Drug power of tincture, /rr · several localities, in Transylvania, Peru, and Canada ,,vest, but more
Dilutions must be prepared as directed unclcr Class I� particulnrly in certain snlt lakes in India, Th!hct �nd Californin.
Triturations of' t he dried fungus arc prepared, us <li't·cctcd under The salt separated from these waters by cvaporntwn, either nutnrnlly
Clnss VIL or by nrtificinl aid, is known as crude borax o r lineal. Crurlc hornx
is refined hy treating it with either lime or soda, which removes n.
BOLETUS SATANAS, Lenz. greasy substance ,r_itl1 which l:hc lineal is covc1:cd. The grentcr p _nrt
of the borax user! 111 the art.<; JS ll0W prepared 111 France by trc11t111g
Synonym, Satanic lloletus. the native horncic acid found in lagoorn; in volcanic dist ricl.'l in Il.nly,
Nat. Ord., Fnngi. notably in Tuscany, with sodium carbonate, botl) in l�oiliug s'.,lution;
Common Name, Satan's Fungus. iusoluhlc matters settle down nnd the clear solution of borax 1s trans­
Pilcus pulvinatc, smooth, somew h at viscid, brownish-tun color, then ferred to vci-:scls in which it c rystallizes. Artificial borax is for the
whitish, stem blunt, ovato-veutricosc, reticulated ubove, blood-red; tubes most part purer than that obtained from lineal by the refining pro­
free, minute, yellow, orifice from the first blood-red. cess, hut the crys�n.ls ofte1� contain. crncl�s: ancl �his is a dis�dvun�gc
Preparation.-The fresh fungus is prepared by trituratiou, as di­ when the horax 1s ueed for soldcrmg. Ihe rchncd borax JS ptmficd
rccte<l under Class IX. by recrystallization, aucl thus fitted for medicinal use. . .
Properties.-Borax is in large transparent prisms ofthe_monoch_mc
BONDONNEAU. system, generally combinations of a nearly rectangular pnsm hnvmg
the acute aud obtuse lateral edges truncated. 1V_hcn hcat�d they melt
Bondonneau Mineral ,vatcr. (Saintes-Fontn.iues.) in their wntcr of crystallization, at the snmc time swcllm� up and
solidif)•ing to a loose spongy mass; at a red hcnt the salt f�1scs to a
Chemical Analysis. colorless trnnspnrent mnss called borax-glass. Ilorn.x has a mild sweet
In one litcr, there was cont:iincd: cooling taste. with an a]kn,line after-taste; it is soluble ill from twelve
l�rcc 8 11lph11:ic A�id, a trace, but it is very perceptible at t!•c spring. to fifteen parts of cold and in tw�, of boiling wntcr, in [our or fi\"c
,
I· rcc Carhomc A<'11i, . .•.•.• . . ..• .•••. � the volume of water. parts of glycerine, nncl not at nil m alcohol. It reacts. slightly alka­
Bicarbonate of Lime, ......... . .. .. • · • �
· 390grammes. line to test paper. It specific gravity is 1.7.
Bic:irhonata of Magnesia, ... .. . .. ... . . . } Tests.-Born,x is frequently adultcratcrl with n.lum and rock-sult.
"
Bicarl,11natc of Soda, .. . .. . . . . . . • . \ . . .. 0.00G
Potash sall,s, . .. . . ... .,. . . .. • • . . . . a trace . Several crystals should be dissolved and the solution tester! ..- with
126 HO::\fCEOl'ATHIC PHAHMACEUTI\,S.
hydrogen sulphide uo change should occur (absellce of metals); with
�odium cnrbonate solution no precipitate (absence of the earthy rnct­
:tls); nor in very dilute solution, wit.h barium chloride (nbscuce of
sulphate); nor with sih·cr nitrate (absence of chloride).
lt wns first pro\·en by 1 Cahnemann.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-One pnrt hr weight of
pure borax is dis.'>oln•d in 11i11cty-ni11e pnrL'> hy weight of" distilled
w:tll'r.
A111ouut 1)1' drug power, rlrn•
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class V-1?.
'l'rit11ratio11s of pure borax nre prepared as directed uu<ler Class VII.
BORRAGO OFFICINALIS, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Borrnginacero.
Common Name, 13orage.
This plant is found growing in waste«rounds ncnr habitntions, in
Europe. It is cultivntccl as a garden vegetable. It has ovate, alter­
nate lea\'CS, the lower ones on petioles. The sky-blue flowers arc in
cymcs, which arc tenninal and axillary. The stem is about two foot
high, erect; the whole plant is hniry.
Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves are chopped and pounded to a pulp,
enclosed iu a piece of new linen nnd submitted to pressure. The ex­
pressed juice is then, by brisk agitation, mingled with an equal part by
wei ght of alcohol. This mixture is 1.Jlowcd to stand eight days, ill a
well-stoppered bottle, in n dark, cool place, and then filtered.
Drng power of tincture, ½,
Dilutions must he prepared as directed under Class I.
BOVISTA.
Synonyms, Bovista Nigrescens. Fungl;ls Ovntus. Lyeoperdon
BoYist:t, /,i1111.
Nat. Ord., F1111gi.
Common Names, Puff-ball. Bull-fist. Puck-fist. Puck-ball.
Puffin. Bunt. Devil"s 8nuff:box. Fuzz-bnll.
Throughout the whole yenr, but espceinlly in the beginning of
autumu, the pufl'.ball is found on the pasture grounds and dry mca<lows
of Europe. Nearly as round ns a bull, it is nt the base narrowed Lo
form a thick, folded stalk. It is of vnrinblc size, its diameter from
one inch to one foot; when young it is white, later of n dirty-yellow
color, finally changing to umbe:lbrown.
Proven by IInrtlaub, in Germally.
Preparation.-Thc entire fungus collected in August or September
is hrnised and weighed. Then five parts by weight of dilute alcohol
nddccl to it., a11cl having been put into a. well-stoppered bottle, the whole
is al lowed to remain eight days in a dark, cool pince, being shaken
twice a day. The tincture is then poured off, strained and filtcre(l.
Drug power of tincture, iu ·
HOl\ICEOPA'.rHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 127
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss IV., except that
clilule alcohol is used for the lx and 2x, and 1 dilutions.
Triturntions arc prepared from the ripe, brown-black powder, as
directed under Class VII.
BRACHYGLOTTIS REPENS, .Fo1·sl.
Common Name, Pukn-l'uka.
This is usual)y n shrnb, though sometimes it hns the appearance of a
tree, twenty feet i11 height, growiug in the northern island of New Zcn­
lnnd. It has broad, in1lcntcd, glossy leaves, downy on the under sur­
face. Ils flowers arc large, clustered 111ul fragrant.
Preparation.-Equnl pnrL'l of the fresh leaves and flowers arc
chopped nud pounded to a pulp and weighed. Thell two pnrls hy
weight of alcohol rirc taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one­
sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol added. All:er stirring the
whole well, and pouring it into a. well-stopp�rccl bottle, it is nllowccl to
stand eight days in a dark, cool place. The tincture is then srpnratcd
by decantiug, straining and filteriug.
Amount of drug power, A.
Dilutions must be prepare<! as directed under Class III.
BRANCA URSINA.
Synonyms, lforncleu111 , 'phoudylium, Linn. Acanthus Vulgaris.
Nat. Ord., Umhellifcrm.
Common Names, Ilcar's Breech. Cow-parsnip. Hogwecd.
:M:asterwort.
A plant found all o\·er Europe. Stem three lo six feet high, hniry,
erect nucl branching toward the top. Floll'crs white! i11 11111be_k
Leaves pinnate with di\·icled leaflets. The plant conta111s 1111 nc:rnl,
irritating juice. The root is thick, fleshy, spindle-shaped and hrnnch-
1D!f.·
The remedy was provc1l by Dr. Rosenberg, in Gcn11nny ..
Preparation.-The fresh plnnt, nt the ti111c of flowering, 1s chopped
and pounded to a fine pulp and pre..sscd out lege arlis in a piece of n�w
linen. The expressed juice is then, by brisk at;itation, micglcd mth
an equal part by weight of alcohol. This mixture is allowed to stnncl
eight days in a well-stoppered bottle, i11 a dark, cool place, und then
filtered.
Drug power of tincture, ½-
•Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
BRAYERA ANTHELMINTICA, Ifonth.
Synonyms, Hngenia. Abyssiuicn, Willd. Banksia Abyssinica,
Bruce.
Nat. Ord., Ro,:ace::c.
Common Name, Koosso or Kous,o. Kosho Sikn.
128 ROMCEOPATRIC PHARMACEU'l'IC8.
This is n hnrnlsomc tree growing about twcntf feet high, throughout
the table-lnnrl of Ahrsinin, at nn elevation of' from three to eight thou­
�:1111I feet. The plant is noted for its abundant foliage and fillc paniclcs
of' flowers of a reddish tint, which nt first arc greenish. The leaves nrc
mostly toll'arcls the ends of the branches; they arc large, pinnntc;
lcnflcts lanccolatc and serrated. The flowers have an hcrby, somewhat
tc:t-likc odor, and 1t bitter, ncrid taste.. Kousso, us seen in commerce,
is of a light brown color, of a reddish tinge in the caso of the female
flowers. The lntter are often obtainable sep1trntcly under the nnme of
rerl ko11sso.
Preparation.-The dried blrn•oms nre conrsely powdered, covered
ll'i: h five parts by weight of alcohol, the mixture allowed to remain
eight days in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, and shaken
tll'i l'e n. clay. The tincture is then poured on: stmined and filtered.
Drug power, -h-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Cluss IV.
Triturntions are prepared from the dried blossoms, us directerl under
Clnss VIL
BROMIUM.
Synonym, Brominium.
Common Name, Bromine.
Symbol, Br.
Atomic Weight, SO.
A liquid non-metallic element.
Origin and Preparation of Bromine.-Bromine does not exist
in nature in the free state. It is found in combination as bromide in
the water of many salt springs, especially that of Theodorshall, near
Kreuznach, in Prussia; it is found together with iodine in the ash of
sea-weed, varec; it exists also in sponges und many marine animals.
It is prepared from the mother-liquor of sea water or saline springs.
These waters are first freed by crystallizing out the greater pnrt of tlie
chlorides and snlphates of sodium and potassium; the remaining liquid
contnins bromine, chiefly in the form of bromide of magnesium. This
liquid is placed in a retort with peroxide of manganese and hydro­
chloric acid and distilled; chlorine gus is evolved in thl liquid, dis­
places the bromine in the magnesium compound, and the bromine dis­
tils over. Bromine is procluced by the above process at many salt works
in the United States.
Properties.-Bromine is a d1u-k red or brown-red liquid, whose
specific gravity at 15° C. (59 ° F.) is between 2.98 and 2.99. _It is ex­
tremely volatile, at ordinary temperatures giving off dark reel vapors,
and for this reason it is condensed under ll'nter from the retort in the
procc...c:s of its manufacture. Its vnpor is 5.5 times as heavy as air, and
is of n. disagreeable, pungent odor, recalling in some degree that of
chlorine. It boils at 63 ° C (145.4 ° F.). Loll'ig gives its boiling point
as 45° C (1] 3 ° F.). It dissolves sparingly in water, more readily in
alcohol and in all proportions in ether. Like chlorine, it has a poll'Cr•
ful affinity" for hydrogen, although not to the same degree, au<l this
130 UOMCEOPA'l'HIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-One part of pure bro­
mine is dissolved in ninl'ly-ninc p:1rts hy ll'eight of' distilled wntl'r.
.Amount of drug power, rh·•
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Cln!<s V-/1, except
that distilled ll'atcr is used for dilutions to the -!x and :l, dilute alcohol
for the next higher, and alcohol for nil further dilutions. ,
BRUCEA ANTIDYSENTERICA.
Synonym, Angnsturn Spnria.
Common Name, Fal�c Augustu1•a.
This is the hark of the tree �trychnos Nux Vomica, which is de­
scribed undl'r Nnx Vor11ic:1.
Preparation.-Thc dried hark is pulverized nnd covered with five
parts by weight of alcohol. lI:n·ing poured it into n well-stoppered
bottle, it is ulloll'cd to remain eight days in n, dark, cool plocc, being
shaken twice a <lay. The tincture is then poured ofl; strained nut!
filtered.
Drng power of' tincture, 1¾,-.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
BRUCINUM.
Synonym, Ilrucin..
Formula, C 23 1I 20 N 2 0 4, + ·l JT 2 0.
Preparation.-Bruci:t is n11 allrnloid, cx1st111g, together with
strychnia, in 1111x vomica, iu the St. Ignatius bcan, and in several
varieties of Stryclmo.�. It is oht,ainl'd from the mother lif( t1ors left
after the prrp:tration of' strychnia front the seeds of' Strychno.� Nu.r
Vomica, by conccntrati11� then, to tJ1e consistency of' syrup nnd
slightly supersaturating ll'ith dilute sulphuric acid. The mixture, if'
left to itself for 1t few days, deposits crysl:ds of the sulphate of brucia,
which arc aflcnrnrds purified. The hrucia i,i then separated by
ammonia.
Properties.-Crystnllizcd hrucin is in trnnspnrcnt, obliqur, rhom­
bic prisms, or in stnr-likc ng-grcgntions or aciculnr nystals, or is n
white powder made up of crystalline �calcs. It cli��nlves with diffi­
culty in cold, more readily in hot 11':ttcr. It cli�soh·cs frrcly in alco•
hol whether absolute or dilntc,ns it also dors in amyl alcohol; in ether
it is almost i11soluhlc. ·when heated it 1'11�es, pnrtii1g ll'ith its water of
crystallization; at a high tcrnpern.turc it is decomposed, lea,·ing n.
bulky carbonaceous product.
Tests.-Concentratcd nilric acid produces with hrnria n11d its
salts n.n intensely rerl fluid, ll'hich :tftrnrnnls becomes orange-red, nnd
upon heating, nf' n. yellow colnr. If' slmrnous chloride or nmm011i11m
sulphide be added to the heated fluid the faint ycllo\\' cnlor hrcomcs
an intense violet. Strychni:t is oflcn prc�C'nt in orclinnry �pccimcns of
brucia. To one part of hruei:1 add l\\'C'nty-fivc parts of ahsolutc alco­
hol at the ordinary tcrnpcr:i.ture; let the mixture stand for abont an
hour ll'ith occ:1sio11al agitation. A perfectly clear solution should re-
 MACEUTlCS.
131
ROM<EOPATITIC l'lIAR
IlOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 120
cl portion if such be
nnlcd from any unclissoh·c
suit, which i s to l>c dcc he Ln111Hli,rr1•1I to tL w:Ltl'h-glnss , cvnporatcd
explains i t� <'ncrgctic nction upon many organic suhstan ccs. It cor­ present. Th e l atter is to with a, l'cw drops o f cum·1:utrntctl sulphuric
r odc.q w nori and i:ork, first turuin� them yello w, !lnd upo n t,hc ski n, i{' to dryness and < lissol vcd 11 bichro mate and
all f'rng ment of' po tassiu1
in quantity, it produce s immediate corrosion a nd violent iufi ammn­ ncid. To it is adde d :L s111 t; :t blue colornlion passiu � succcs.�i\'ely
n hou
tion. I ts so lutions arc decomposed iu the sunlight, brnminc a s such the fluid carefull y mov c<l en indi ea lcs the presence of strychnin .
disa ppeari ng nnd hydrogen bromide bei ng formed. Ilro mine sh ould through vio let, r e d anc l gre bruci:i is p re-
opathic Use.-Thc pure
he preserve d in bottles, with n, lnyer of wnter o ver the bromine, the Preparation for Homre cctcd under C lass V l l.
as tlir
hottle s securely closed with n, gln...«s stopper nnd kept iu n, cellar or other prepared by. triturntiou ,
cool, 1lnrk pince.
Tests.-Thc i mpurities most likely t�be present in bromine :ue
chlorine, i od ine , br omide of' enrbon nn<l of lend. The te st for i odine as
BRYONIA ALBA, Linn
m. V itis Alba.
nn i mpurity i n bromine is as follows : Pince 4 CC. of distille d wntcr in Synonyms, Bryonirt Ve
Nat. Ord., Cuc u rbi tac cro.
n. test-tu be, add from five to ten drops of bromiuc, and the n with slight Bryonin. W ild Hops.
Common Name, W hite g in hedges nod
ngitut ion, caustic ammonia, drop by drop, till the flui d becomes cleaL· g, pcrcnninl plant, growin
nud colorlcss; t he liberation of free nitrogen oc curs with effervescence , Bryonin. is a high climbin Ucrmany a n d Fra nce. The
is qu i te common in
a.long fe ce s , anti at times e,· en as
is as t hick ns nn nrm, nnd
n
nm! the liquid cvntai ns ammonium bromide. The solution is now ren­
d ered acid with n itric acid, n fe w CC. of ferric chloride solution fol­ perenninl root of this plant hy, succulen t, hran c hy, of a yellowish­
fles
l owed by nbout '2 CC. of rhlorofonn nrc nddcd nnd the whole shaken lar ge as the thi gh ; it is rid, bille r , clisngrec
ablc to
lar y r nk lccl without , ac
rc e :u'!i by 110-
, c w i
gen tly. In t he bo ttom of the tube the chloroform collects , tinged white color i u l
. h C\· , d isnp p
ng o dor, which
ow er
the tns tc, nnd of :t nnuscnti height of many
violet if iodine be pre�<'llt, oth<'rwisc it remains colorlcss. This is a
n. Its c i m b i ng sta lk rises sometimes to the ed with sp iml
very tlclicntc t est, but where the iodi ne is in extremely small amount, siccati o l
c e1l, cl arm
ing, ch:111n ll an
the coloration will uot ,:how i n1111edialcly. feet; it is gl:Lb ro us, c reep ate, ang11lnr, hispicl, luhcrculn11s on both
rs; its lea ves a rc altern midcllc lob e
epe
For chlorin e: Ju a snrnll flnsk ha\'ing IL gla,:s i,toppcr shake thor­ cre pal111nted, fivc-lohecl, the
oughly nho u t f> CC. of hro111inc with Hi CU. of dist illed wnler; pour sides, rough to the to11ch, illary, 111011mciu11s, in lnmchcs; the male
ax
abou t f) CC. of' thr. li<[uid into a test-tube a nd shake thoroughly with it s tril:id, clongatc< l ; !lowers l es, the female
larger than the
n r y long pedunc
bei ng sup po r ted ou ions; sln mcns li\'c,
own \'01111110 of' ether. The watery colorlcss layer is to be removed from sharp; corolla i n fi\'e divis s nnd the anther�,
the yellow ethereal layer by means of a -sepnrnti ag funnel, shaken male; calyx fi\'e-to othccl, nnd two by the filam e n t
again with J n1h:mc of eth er and the ethereal and watery layers scp­ of wh ich four a rc united two ous.
rou n< l, black, polyspcrm
nrnlcd ns before. The ,rnlcry solution is placed in a wide test-tube :the fifth fre e; ber r i e s
riety I-1:i hne tn a nn used in his experiments,
an d heated lo boiling or until no odor of ether is per ceptible. Should Bryoni a Alba was the va n o t to confoun d i L with l3ry onia Dioicn,
kcn
and gTcat care 11111st be tn gla11<l.
the liquid react a c id to test paper the presence of hydrogen chloride or
s in t e sa m e loc :i.lities, hut mostly in En the plnut is in
of bromi ne chlorid e i s proba ble. To about 3 CC. of the liquid arc which grow h
sh root, �a thc rctl bef ore
ndclcrl five dro ps o f sih·e r nit .rate solution and then 8 CC. of scs qui­ Preparation.-Thc f'rc ed to a fine pulp, anc l p res�ctl out lege
nd p ound
bloom, is cho pp ed a :-; then, by brisk
cnrhonntc of ammoni 1t solution; the whole i s thoroughly sha ken, n en. T he cxprc::scd juice i l. This mix­
artis in a piece of ne w li ht of a C' ho
cqu:i.l pnrt by weig
boiled for two or three minutes, and shou ld the fluid be not clear, l o

placed asid e for some time nucl the clem· tlui <l dccantccl of[ Thi s is agitation, mingle d with an r sc\'ern l \\'ccks (to deposit amylutn , \\'ith
!'o
evapo rntccl in n porcel ain di sh to a small volume, to ,1rhich is then to be ture is n.llowcd to r c mn.in ed bottle, in a dark, cool
p ince . and
ich it a.bo und s ), i n a w ell- s topper
n<ldcd l O CC. of tlistillc<l water and the solution trcntcd l o e xcess with wh
pure clilorine-frcc nitric acid. A precipitate , or rnther dense turbid ity, then filtered.
.
indil'llt<'s the presence of chlori ne iu the original hrnmine. A weak Drug power of tincture, 1 as directed 1111clcr Class I.
mu st be pre p ared
opa l�ernt. tur bidity, however, w hich docs not de pri\'e the liqui d o f Dil uti on s

trans hH·cncy is d1;e to the presence of a trncc of silver hromide.

Tests.-Thc Jlrc�cncc of bromide of carbon rn ay be recognized hy BUCHU. tn, Linn.,
I(rn1ze. Dios1111\ C rcu:t
the separation an d gathering of small drops in the bottom of the Synonyl ms, Bnrosmn. Cr cn atn,
lrst-tubc when the .raust.i c ammonin i s added dur in g the process of De Candole.
!<·stin g fin· iodine. A fow drops of bromi ne place d in flask or upon a Nat. Ord., Rutace::c.
u.
w atch glass shoulcl evnporntc with out residue. This is an eas y te st for Common Name, Buch ia. Th ese nro
brnmide o f lend, the only mm-volatile impuri t.y likely to be present. len. ves a rc affo rde d hy three species of Baroim e branches.
Buchu in:.( smo o th r od-lik
t hi gh, hnv
Provings of Ilromiuc were first made by Drs. Michaelis and Millier, erect shrubs se veral fee
Germany.
 130 lIOMCEOPATEllC PHARMACE
UTICS. HOMCEOPATRIC PJIAHMACEU'l'ICS. 131
_Pr�paration for Homre suit, which is to he decanted from any undissolved portion if such be
opathic U e l t o J_rn re bro,
m1 n e is dissol_ved in ninety-ni n f present. The latter is to be tra n sferred to a wat1:h-glnss, cvnporntcd
A mount of drug j)ower, 1
e parts hy '��g-,h?°�- /'. is t!·Illec l 11 atcr.
Too · to dryness and dissoh·ed with a few drops of con ccutrntcd sulph.uric
D"!
1 uL10
· 11s must be prcp•trcd ,18 d" 1 acid. To it is added a small fragment of pot11ssi11 111 bichromate an d
t_hat distille d water is used .for ct I uncl �r Cla�s "V_-
diluti: ;�s t�t t hc 4-\:rn_d 2, chlu (i, e xcept the fiuid carefully 1110,·cd ahollt; a blue colornti,m passi11� succcs�in)ly
for the ucx t higher' auJ alcohol . tc alcohol through viole t, red nnd green indicates the pres ence of strychnia.
f 01 a JI 1•u rtl1cr c1 I utio
1 n s. , Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-'fhc pure brucin. is pre­
BRUCEA ANTIDYSENTE
RICA. prepa red by triturntion, as clirectcd under Class Vll.
Synonym, Angustum Spuria.
,com _ �on Name, _Fal;:c A ngus BRYONIA ALBA, Linn
tura.
Tins is the bark of I.he tree . Synonyms, Bryonia Vera. Vitis Alim.
scribed under Nnx Vor nica. Str . ·I lllOS Nux Vo n11ca
ye , which is dc- Nat. Ord., Cll<'.llrhitncc:c.
Preparation.-Thc dried lnr
k. i s l I vc . c I and covered Common Name, White Bryoniu. Wild Hops.
tarts by wci,,ht
. o · l cohol · -r1' 11v11w ?U
of' a
ottI c, 1t •1 ,; idlowed to "Clll'tin
nz c with five
pour ed it i n to a we JI-stoppcrc
. d
Bryonia is a high climhiug, perenn ial plant, growing in hedges an<l
shake n twice a day. l Th� r
ci rl.f
1 t
.
"d·: ys 111 a dark, cool pl!lcc, bein
me ui c 18 t lien poured ofi; stra
t
g
along fences, and is quite common in Ucrma11y aud Fra n ce. The
perennial root of this plant is ns thick ns an arm, and at times even as
filtered. ined and la rge as the thi�h; it is fleshy, Rucculcnt, hrnrn·hy, of a yellowish­
.Drug power of tincture )J' white color, circularly wrinkled withollt, aerid, bitter, disngn•cnhlc to
Dilutions mus t be prcp;u�d as the taste, and of a nnuseating oclor, which. however, disappears by de­
directed unde r Class IV.
siccation. Its climbi n g stalk rises sometimes to the height nf many
BRUCINUM. feet; it is glahrous, creeping, ehnn11cllcd, n11cl a rmed with spiral
Synonym, Brucia. creepers; its leaves are alternate, angular, hispid, tuberculous un both
ormula! C23II c N 0 side s, rough to tl1c touch, palniatcd, fivc-lohcd, the middl e lobe
; ,
re�arat1on,-lJrueia2 is 4 an 4 H2 0.
2 + trifid, elongated; flowers axillary, monn:ciuus, in bu11chcs; the male
strych n 1a, i n nux vo111ica in alkaloid cxisting, to e � I ier being supported on vc•ry long pcdundcs, the fomale larger than the
. with
the St· I' ' s bean, an 5 1n several
.g n atiu male; calyx fi,·c-toothcd, sharp; co rolla i11 live divisio n s; stamens five,
varieties of Stryclmog. . It' 1-8' •
01, h:u n cc1 from t 1e 1 mothc. of which four arc u11itr.d two and two by the filnn1cnts nnd the anther!>,
fl e r _ the ,_preparation o[ strych r Icr
V. n ia from the seeds
o f Stry�li�wsl"S M 1i:ct .the fifth free; berric•s rnund, black, polyspcrmous.
llO
. _om1ca, uy conce n trating them
to the consist c Bryonia Alba wns the variety llnhnemann used in his experiments,
i�t��}; s�a� ��11 ; i g ,with dil u _ te sulphuric acfd� y Tl1� : �� � -:ntf! and great care must he taken not to confound it with Bryonia Dioica,
ts f�� ; i�� � i t 11
a ' e 81 �
which arc aftc;·wirds t� r (� i�f l'f1°Ys �n.ls_ ?f t!ie sulphate o f brucia, which grows in the same loc:tlities, but mostly in England.
· ic nucm is then separnted Preparation.-Thc fresh root, gathered before the plant is in
nmmonin. by
Pro per ties .-C bloom, is choppc,l :me! po11ncled to :t fine pulp, nncl pre��etl 011t lcge
. ry t:dlizC'cl hnl ·
bie pri�ms, � in stnrs-like 'l" . <'ia is, in /t,.1 m'.s pnren t, oblique, rhom­ artis in a piece of' 11cw linen. The cxpr<'�scd jni('c is f.hc11, hy bri�k
-��1 cg ',•.t_t'JOns o ac1cu l:u: c rystals, ot· agitation, mingled with :li t equal part hy wC'ight of':tleohol. This mix­
whitc powde r made ll i of. . is a
tall c scales. It d1sso lvcs with cl ffi­ ture is allowed to remain (i,r several weeks (to deposit nmyln111, with
culty in cold more rc�dil ?')f m i
ltol whether :; h�olutc o;· t1d:1 :�•a• t\
1 '";1tc1·j I� dissolves free ly in alco- which it abounds), i11 a well-stoppered lrnU.lc, in a dark, cool pla!'c. and
1 a ? 0 ' ocs m amyl alcohol; i11 ethe
if is almos t i n •soluble• \VI 1cn · r then filtered.
• 1 te( l 1t {iuses 1mrti ng w1"tl1 1·ts
iea Drug power of tincture, 1.
c-rystal11zntinn; at it hi <rlt tcmpc1,.,ttu1c . . .' • wate r of'
hulky carbo11nceo11s prod�1c . it i s decomposed, lc:tving a Dilutions must he prepared ns clircctccl 1111<lcr Cl:,ss I.
t.
Tests.-Concentrnte<l• nitr·1 ? • .
salts 1111 i ntcusel re j fl < aci"d P1.0rl uccs with brucm ancl it.s
1 h :
BUCHU.
upon heatin g,· o/a �cllo�� �o]:'i. c \ftc '.·wards bccom_es orange-red, and Synonyms, Barosma Crenata, lumze. Diosma Crcna!a, Linn.,
f t 1 s chlori de o r ammc)nium
�ulphide be added o the heate if . 1 ,1,t 0 � .
f
hrucia. To o n e 'pnr/:}c,::'.:i
hol •11 th , . I" . t
�i:
-��r�
an intense violet S . I . . cl u1c t tc a111t yellow colo r hccomcs
l� rc c n in ordinar,y specime n s of
• ' ' ' 11 en: y- � vc pa rts of absolute
nlco-
De Candolle.
Nat. Ord., Rutace:c.
Common Name, Iluchu.
Buchu leaves arc afforded by three species of Baro!lma. These arc
hcn11.' ;,·ith\��;1 �;��;:{i �;}t��;;���: � le � �;� 1n ix t t 11_e suni 1�l for abo11t an erect shrubs several fe et high, having smooth rod-like brauchcs.
re

•
p r tly clc'a I so LI1 t IOn s lOU1 1 J re-
132 IlOlllCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
HOMCEOl'ATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 133
mai:shy regions. It is �ometi�es as large as two fists, though its size
!�caves oppo
_ �itc, margin� serrate, t.hc mnrgi11s and under surface furn- van� a good de�I. It 1s readily known by iL<; enormous rhomboidal
1�hcd with od-gl�m)s �vh�ch .arc conspicuous. The flowers arc white, parot1ds, whence 1t scuds forth a large qunntity of' poison. Its head is
h vc,pru·ted; the 1rn1t 1s III fwc erect, carpels. The plants arc indigc-
flat, triangular, broader than long; it hns a stroncr osseo11R c<lge
11011s to the Cape rcgiou of Southern Africa.
Description.-'l'hc leaves of B. i;r�nata arc oblong, oval or obo­ ?Ommencing at the tip of' the muzzle, t,hcncc stretching towards th�
vatc, obtuse, narrowed toward tl�c base mto a distinct pct,iolc; nmrgin �ner angl_e of �l �e eye, round this orgnn, nnd finall y terminating hc­
l11nd the l!ds.. Ihe eye and th� tyrnpanic wal l are very large. The
sc1;rnlatc or crcnulat�; �- to H !nchcs lo11g, iir to lr; of 1111 inch wide.
Thos? of B. serralifolta nrc l111car-lauccolate, c<1ually 11arrowed to- trunk, which 1s very la �·ge :rntenorly m conscq,!cnce of the large c!c­
.
_ v�lopmen� of the parot1d�, 1s covered 011 each sl(lc of the dorsnl spine
1rnn� either end,_ threc-vcmed, :.i,pcx t,runcntc, a lways furnished with
nn ?d cell; mnrg111 sharply scrrulatc; 1 t,o U inches long, about 12r; of' ,�1th two irregular rows of large cl lipt,ic:tl or conical bladders; some­
nu 111ch wide. , tunes there arc such bladders on t,hc sidrs. The anterior cxtrcmit,ies
do not reach to the end of the truuk; I he posterior extremities reach
B._ belulina: Leaves cuncatc-obov
_ :it?, apex recurved, margin shnrpl y beyond the muzzle hy the length of the fourth toe. The toes nrc
dent1culatc, teeth_ spread mg; ½ • to �. melt long, i1ir to ,6-r; wide. Each
rather flattened; the first toe longer than tl1c second. Its colors are
?f the t,hrcc species can be obtained Ill commerce by itself'; B. belulina various, consisting or a n11n1hcr of LrO\rn spots, which conlesec on the
1s the least cst,ccrncd.
back and are separated ou the n.bdomcn by yel lowish riots .
. Pr7paration.-The _ dry leaves are coarsely powdered nnd covered Introduced into our .l\Intcria. l\ledica by Dr. Mure, Brazil.·
mth five part.5 by wc1gl\t of nlcohol;
_ lmving poured this into a wcll ­ · Preparation.-Thc saliva, oblninc<l hy irrit,ating the animal ' is
stoppcrc,l bottle, the nuxturc 1s to he allowed to remain eight days in
prepared Ly trituratiou, as directed under Class VIII.
a 1ark, _cool place and shaken twice :t day. The tincture is thc11 poured
.
oil, st,ramcd and hltcrcd.
Drug power of tincture, /r; - BUXUS SEMPERVIRENS, hinn.
Dilut,ious must Le prcpare<l as directed under class IV.
Nat. Ord., Euphorhiacr::c.
Common Name, Box.
BUFO. Au cvcrgrern shrnli, native of "\Vcstcrn Asia, and m11ch culti­
Synonyms, Cincreus. Rann. Bufo. vated in this country as n11 crlgi11g plant to garden honlcrs. It has
Class, Amphibia. opposite leaves, ovate, slight, ly wider near the hase tha11 at apex.
Order, Anurn. The leaves have a disagreeable, hitter taste and n, pcculi111: odor.
Family, B11fonidrc. Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves are chopped am! pounded to a pul p
Common Name, Toad. and weighed. Then two parts by "·eight, of alcohol arc taken, the pulp
This wcll-!rnown animal is a nn.tive of North America, Europe, mixed thoroughly wit,h one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol
Southern Asm, and J npan. added. After stiniug the whole well, a11d pouring it into n well­
It was proycn hy Dr. Cnrl Hencke, German\'. stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight days in a dark, cool place.
Preparat1 The tincture is then separated Ly decantiug, st,rnining and filtering.
. _ on.-The live animal is fastened to a slah of cork hy
iuur st, rong �111s stuck through the webs of the feet. Then tho poles Drug power of tincture,½-
_ Dilutions must Le prepared as directed under Class III.
of au 1!1duct1on apparatus in action arc slowly dr:iwn over the hack of
the�nirn�},.wl�ereupun the poison very soo·u issues from the dorsal
gli�n?s- I h1� 1s 1/movcd 1�1th _
a small h�rn knife, ancl t,ritur at,e,! ac­ CACAO.
o l1 1g
� -�� '. , to 91,tss \ III., but 111 th� proportion of 1 part t,o ] 000 parts
_
s110,u of nulk, the preparation bemg equal to the 3x trituration. Synonym, TheoLroma Cacao, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Sterculiace::c.
Common Name, Cacao.
BUFO SAHYTIENSIS. Origin.-Cacao seeds are furnished by Theobroma Cacao, T. a.n­
gustifolium, Sesse, T. bicolor, Iimnboldt, and others of the same genus.
Synonym, Bufo Agua. The trees are found in the northern portion of South America,
Class, Amphibia. throughout Central America, and extend iilto Mexico, and arc largely
Order, Anura. cultivated.
Family, Bufonid::c. Description.-The seeds are ovoid, more or less appressed, about
Common
_ Name, Toad of South America. three-quarters to one inch long and nearly one hal f-inch broad. A well
This ioad is common in South Americ:.i,; it inhabits swamps 'and
 134 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
�uarked raphe extends _along one e�ge in its whole length. The testa
1s red-b�own to brown m color, fra�ile and papery. By prolongations
of the mner seed-coat, the large, oily cotyledons of which the seed is
mainly composed, arc partitioned into a number of small irregular
bbes, an arrangement which permit.s of the ready breaking up of the
soed into a number of fhigments.
Preparat.ion.-yacao sec� are prepared for use by removing them
fro� the frmt m�d simply dr1,mg them, in which case they• retain their
nstrmgent and bitter taste. rhese seeds are then prepared by tritura-
tion, as directed under Class VII.
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS, Li,nn.
Synonym, Cereus Grandiflorus, De Oandolle.
Nat. Ord., Cactacere.
Common Name, Night-blooming Cereus.
This well known flowering plant is a native of Mexico and the ,vest
India !�lands. Its st�m� arc u�arly cylindrical, with five or six angles,
besc� wi�h small r�dmtmg spmes It.s flowers are large and white,
openmg m the evcnm� and withermg ;
before sunrise, and have a power­
ful odor of bcnzoic amd and vanilla.
It was introduced into our Materia Medica by Dr. Rocco Rubini of
fi��
Preparation.-The fresh flowers, together with the youngest and
tenderest stems, gathered from plants growing in their native country
arc c�opped and pounclcd to a pulp and w�ighed. Then two par�
hy _weight o� alcohol are taken, the pulp mixed w1. �h one-sixth part
of it, and tlie rest of the alcohol added. After stirrmg _ Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The pure metallic cad­
the · whole
,�ell and pouring it into a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand
eight days in a dark, cool place. rrhe tincture is then separated by de­
canting, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, ¼-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
CADMIUM METALLICUM.
Common NWle, Cndmium.
Symbol, Cd.
· Atomic Weight, 112.
Origin and Preparation of Cadmium.-Cadmium is found in
nature associated with zinc in different ores of the latter metal as the
flulphide, carbonate or silicate. The only pure native compdund of
cadmium is the sulphide called Greenocldte, found in Scotland.
In _the process of reducing ores of zinc, the cadmium which they
�·ontam comes over among the first products of distillation, owing to
its greater volatility. The impure product may be dissolved in dilute
Rulphuric acid, when upon the addition of metallic zinc, metallic cnd­
!nium is deposited. It may also be separated from the zinc by treat­
ing the solution with hydrogen. sulphide, when cadmium sulphide is
HOMCEOPATHIC PIIARMACEU'l'ICS. 135
precipitated. This sulphide dissolved in concentrated hydrochl�>ric
acid yields chloride of' cadmium, which, when treated with ammonium
carbonate in excess, gives a jrecipitntc. of the carbonate of the
metal. The latter is then mixc with carbon, placed in a retort and
subjected to a red heat, and the metal distils over.
Properties.-Cadmium is a white metal with a tinge of blue. It
is lustrous and takes a fine polish, but upon exposure to the air, it
slowly acquires a whitish-grny tarnish. It is very mnlleable and duc­
tile and crackles like tin when bent. Hented to 82 ° C. (170.6 ° F.) it
hec�mes brittle, and nt 315 ° C. (599° F.) it melts, and on cooling �rys­
tallizes in regular oetoh('drons. It dissolves in hot hydrochloric or
dilute sulphuric acid, formi 1:1 g the corresponding salt, but n_itric ac�d is
its best solvent. Most of its salts nrc colorlcss, and their solutions
redden blue litmus paper.
Tests.-Cadmium may be readily identified by the precipitate of
a yellow sulphide upon passing hydrogen sulphide into acid solutions
containing the metal; the precipitate is insoluble in dilute ncids and
alkalies, the latter fact distinguishing it from the yellow sulphide of
arsenic formed under similar circumstances. Cadmium is often accom­
panied by zinc and sometimes by copper. If the solution from �vhicb
the precipitated sulphide has been filtered off be rendered alkaline by
ammonium hydrate in excess, the precipitate of white sulphide of �inc
will appear or it may be made to do so by adding hydrogen sulphule.
Copper may be detected by dissolving a srnall portion of cadmium in
nitric acid, and adding ammonia, when if the former metal be present
the blue coloration of' ammonio-nitrate of' copper will be seen.
mium is prepared by trituration, as directed under Class VII.
CADMIUM SULPHURICUM.
Synonym, Cndmii Sulphns.
Present Name, Cadmium Sulphate.
Common Name, Sulphate of Cadmium.
Formula, Cd SO 4 , 41-1 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 280.
Preparation of Sulphide of Cadmium.-Ca�lmi�m sulphate .•s
easily obtained by dissolving the oxide or carb(?nate m dilute sulphuric
acid; the solution is partly evaporated over a water-bath and then set
aside to crystallize.
. . .
Properties and Tests.-Cadmmm sulphate crystallizes •.n color­
less monoclinic prisms which effloresce in air, arc very soluble m wnt�r
and insoluble in alcohol. They are without odor. and hn!e a metnlhc
styptic taste. The impurities likely to be present m cadmmm sulphate
are arsenic and zinc; their presence may be detected by the methods
given under cadmium metallicum.
The drug was introduced into our Materia Modica by Dr. Petroz, of
Spain.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The pure sulj>hate of
cadmium is prepared by trituration, ns directed under Class VII.
13G ROMCEOPA'l'HIU PHARMACEUTICS.
CAFFEIN.
Synonyms, Ca/fcia. Cnlfcinum.
Formula,Cs II I O N 4 0 2 , H 2 o,
Molecular Weight, 212.
Origin.-Cafleinc exists in the berries and leaves of the coffee plnnt,
in the tea plant, in 1-'aullinia sorbiliJJ and in the leaves and twigs of
Ile.t Para_quaye11,.qi,s.
Preparation.-Exh:rnst g-round coffee with boiling water; nd<l
acetate of lead in excess to precipitate the tannin present. Throw the
whole upon a filter and carefully wnsh the precipitate with boiling
water. l'he filtrate is then to be treated with hydrugPn sulphide Lo
free it from excc.,;s of lead, mul after a second filtration :1111111oni:t is
addrcl lo neutralize the libemted acetic acid, and the whole i;; evapor­
ated 1tt a gentle heat. 011 eooling,an abundant crystallization o!' nearly
pure caffeine is produced. To purify it, it is redissolved in water,
trl'ntccl with n.nimn.l clmrcoal 1tnd recrystallized.
Properties.-Cafleinc cry�tn.llizc.c; from its wn.tcry solutions in
slender needles, having a silky lustre; they are quite flexible and
often aggrcgn.ted in star-shaperl groups. Their tnste is moderntcly
bitter. They arc soluble in 30 parts of water at medium temperatures,
in 10 of boiling water, in 35 of 90 per cent. alcohol, in 550 of ether,
and in G of chloroform. Although without alkaline reaction, caffoinc
form a hydrochlorn.tc and lJ. sulphate and produces double salts with
platinic chloride and silver nitrate. With acids of feeble power it
<loes not nnitc; it sublime.� at a high tempemtut-e without residue.
Tests .-In :ul. dition to the above-described properties, the following
will he of service. Caffeine cvnporatc<l to dryness with n. little chlorinc­
w:ttcr yicld,i n. purple-red residue which becomes golden-yellow when
more strongly heated, but it resumes the red color on the n<ldition of
ammonia.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The pure cafl'cin is pre­
pared by trituration, as directed under Class VII.
CAHINCA .
Synonyms, C:tinc:1.. Chiucocca Racemnsa, Jaqui11.
Nat. Ord., Rubiacc:u.
Common Warne, Cl11stcr-0owcrcd Snowberry.. David's Root.
This shrub grows in Brnzil and the Antilles. Stem from five to t<'n
feet high; le:wes opposite, ovnl, pointed, entire; flowers pedunculnted,
whitish, axillary, in pendant hunehrs; fruit. herriform; whitish, 1110110-
spermous; root branehy, of a reddish-brown, consisting of cylindric
piece.�, from one nnd a half to two feet long, nud of the thickness of a
goose-quill or finger; it is fibrous, marked n.11 along with furrows of a
decp-color, covered with browu bark, annular, thin, fleshy, epidel'll1is
of a dirty white. Beneath this fleshy part is found n white wood,
which is the nxis of the root. The epidermis of the hark is of 1t resin­
ous aspect when broken, of n disagreeable taste, bitter, a little acrid
and slightly astringent, producing 1t roughness in the thro1tt; the
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 137
woody part hns neither tnste nor _ odor. The odo� of the root is acrid,
volatile, disagreeable, somewhat like that of valermn.
It wns first proven by Dr. Koch, Sr. .
Preparation.-Thc dried root-bnrk, 1s co1trscly powd�red_, covered
with five parts by weight of alcohol, nnd allowed t� remnm eight ?1tys
in a well-stoppered hottlc, inn dnrk,. cool _ pince, bc1;1g shakcu twice 11
<lay. The tincture is then poured ofl, stramed and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, T'if•
.
Dilutions _must. be prepared ns d1rcctc<l under Class IV.
CALADIUM.
Synonyms, Calmlium Scguinum, Vent. Aru111 Scguin11m, Linn.
Nat. Ord., .J\r:t<'e:c.
Common Names, Dumb Cnnc. Poisonous American Arum.
l'oisouom1 I'edivC'n.u.
This plunt is :t native of'S(>llih _America, gro11·(11g_on tl1_ c 11·t·t prniries
_
iu the ncighhorhood of' Paramanho. Ils stc111 1s fro111 h,·e le! ,:1x f�et
high, mnrc than one inth thick, roun<l, knotty, nnd nhoundmg with
111ilky juice. lls lea,·cs arc ovatc-oblo1� g, smooth, at the apex nnrruwed,
petiole.<; above cnnalieulatc and c�nspmg, shc3;_t!1 o� t_hc fl_ow�rs pnlc
grern, its inner side purple, �pnd1x yel_low. ] he_ JlllCe o( _tl11s plnnt
lenYCS an indelible stain on lmcn, nncl 1s so caustic that, ii put upon
the tongue or in the mouth, it produces swclli�g and inflam
_ �ation.
The drug 11·ns introduccrl into the Jlommopntl11c J\Jatcn:t Med1c1t by
Dr. llcring.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root is chopped nncl pounrlcd to a pulp
nnd weighed. Then two parts b)'. weight of a_lcohol arc tnkcn,. the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of 1t, and th? res_t �f the
nlcohol added. Aller stirring the whole well, and pourmg 1t mto a
wcll-stoppcrccl hottic. it is allowed to staml eight cl:�ys in a �lark, cool
_
pince. The tincture is then separated hy dccantmg, strau11ng und
filtering.
Drug power of' tincture,,\. .
Dilutions must be prepared as <l1rccte<l under Class III.
CALCAREA ACETICA.
Present Name, Calcium Acctntc.
Common Name, Acetate of Lime.
Formula, Ca (C 2 Tf 3 0 2 ) 2 .
Molecular Weight, 158. . .
Hahnemann's Preparation of Acetate of L1me.-Bo1l crude,
well-washed oyster-shells for 1111 hour in _pt�rc rain-water, tl1?n brci�k
into fragments, without using nny 111etnll1c 111s�n1ment! nncl dissolve 111
dilute acetic acid, heating up to the boiling pomt, until complete sntu­
r11tiou is 9,radu11lly cffoctcd. Filter and rrducc to onc-fift_h by evnp�­
ratiou. The solution, of a dark yellow color, nrrcr a tune prec1_p1-
�tes 11 dark glutinous substauce, whereby the color of the solution
138 HOMCEOP.A.TRIO PHARMACEUTICS.
becomes pn.lcr. To this light-colored liquid add one-half its bulk of
1111 re alcohol.
Amouut of drug power, 1\r.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class V-a.
CALCAREA ARSENICICA.
Synonyms, Cnlcii Arscnins. Cn.lcarea Arsenicu.
Present Name, Tri-cnJcium Di-arsenate.
Common Name, Arsenate of Lime.
Formula, 3 Ca 0, 2 As 0 3 +� H 2 0.
Preparation of Arsenate of Lime.-Distil four parts of pow­
dered arscnious acid with :i mixture of twelve parts nitric acid and
0110 part murintic acid, in a retort, to dryness. The rcsi<luc is then to
ill: brought to a faint red heat, and af'ter cooling is dissolved in tcu
volumes of water, ancl neutrnlir.cd by carbonate of potnsh, thus form­
ing. 11;rsenatc of p�Lash in so(ution, wl�ich is to be decomposed by the
:1dd1t1on of� s� lutHm _ o'. calc�um chloride as long as a white precipitate
1s formed. Tl11s prcc1p1Lntc 1s to be carefully washed and dried.
Properties and Tests.-Arsenate of lime is a light, white amor­
phou� powclcr, not soluble iu water, but is readily so in dilute nitric
ncid. The solution rcmn.ius clear when an excess of acetate of soda is
added t_o it, but gives n. white precip_itate on the subsequent addition of
:i111mou1u111 oxn.latc. A small quantity boiled with an excess of caustic
s111_l:i and filtc_rc_d, gives, when _ exactly neutralized by nitric acid, a
bnck-red prec1p1tntc on the add1tion of solution of nitrate of silver.
. Preparatio
_ n for H _ o�ceopathic Use.-The pure arsenate of
lime 1s prepared by tnturat1on, as directed under Class VII.
CALCAREA CARBONICA.
Synonyms, Calcii Carbonas. Calcarea Ostrearum, Hering.
Present Name, Cnlcium Carbonate.
Common Names, CiLrbonatc of Lime. Impure Carbonate of
Lime.
Formula (of the c. p. snlt), Cn 00 •
Molecular Weight, 100.
8 ent comlitious of moist.urc in the calcium hydrate or with vnry111g de­
Origin and Preparation of Hahnemann's Carbonate of
Lime.-Clellfled, thick oyster-shells are broken into small pieces nnrl
the inner snow-white portions carefully selected and pow<lercd. '
Prepar�tion for H_omceopathi_c Use.-The powdered oyster-
shell (obtmnccl flS described above) 1s prepared by trituration as di•
rccted under Class VIL
CALCAREA CAUSTICA.
Synonym, Calcis Hydras.
Present Name, Calcium Hydrate.
Common Name, Slaked Lime.
Formula, Ca (H0) 9•
HOl\lCEOl' A 'l'H!C PI-IAill\1A{)EUTICS. 13D
Molecular Weight, 74.
Preparation of Slaked Lime.-This is prepared by burning
Carrnrn m!Lrblc ( carhouatc of lime) in a. covere<l crucible uutil a por­
tion of product withdrawn for examination 110 longer clforvesces on the
aclrlition of hydrochloric acid; when cold it is placed in a porcelain
capsule, and slaked by the addition of half it.5 weight of distilled wn�cr.
Properties.-..'3laked lime forms a soft white powder -0f specific
gravity 2.08, having rL strong alkaline tnstc au<l rcnct,ion.
The first provings were mndc under <lircction of Dr. A. \V. Koch.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-To one pnrt of cnustic
(slaked) lime is nddcd five parts of distilled water, in a warm Lottie
,l'cll stoppered, nnd left standing Lill cold. The mixture is then well
shaken, nnd to it fi vc parts of alcohol are added and the whole again
well shaken. After several days, during which the mixture !ms been
frequently shakcu, the clear liquid is put into vials and well protected
from air. As soon as it has nbsorbed cnrbonic acid, it must be rejected
an<l a fresh preparation made.
Amount of drug power, lcr •
Dilutions must be prcparc<l as <lircct,cd under Class VI-a.
Triturntions should not be prepared, ns during triturntion carbonic
acid is absorbed from the atmosphere, forming carbonate of lime.
CALCAREA CHLORATA.
Synonyms, Cnlx Chlorinnta. Calx Chlornta.
Common Names, Chlorinnlcd Lime. Blenching Powder.
Preparation and Composition of Chlorinated. Lime..-
Chlorinntcrl lime or bleaching powder, is prcpnred by pnssmg chlonnc
gas into boxes of lend or stone in which a qunntity of calcium hyclrnlc
or slaked lime, iu a very slightly moist slate, is spread out upon .
shelves. The lime nbsorbs ncn.rly half its wci�ht of chlorine, nud th_e !'C•
sult is a white powder which has a very peculiar smell, somcwhnt cl1flcr­
ent from that of chlorine. The formuliL of the subst,nnce hns not been
accurately nsccrtaincd. Probably wlwn produced uncle� slight) }'. differ­
grees of rapidity of saturation with the chlorin_e, it is n?t of cx�ctly
the same constitution. It hns been held to consist of a 1111.xLurc of cal­
cium hypochloritc nn<l chloride. Dr. Odling's [ormula is Cl:-Ca-
001, the substnncc being dccomposc<l hy wntcr rnto Lhc chlornlc aml
hypochloritc, Ca Cl, Ca 010. .
Properties.-Chlorinatcd lime is a white, clry or very slightly
damp powder, in readily crumbling mni'S<'�. Jn addition to it� odo!·•
already mentioned, it has a sharp, nstring:cnt, disngrcenblc taste. It 1s
" soluble in from ten to twelve parl.5 of water, some unnltcrc�l hydrntc re­
maining behind. Its solution is alkaline to test-paper. It 1� complct�ly
. soluble in cold dilute hydrochloric acid, forming the chlondc and Itb­
erating chlorine. It is hygroscopic, and grndunlly decomposes when
exposed to the air. It should be kept in a cool, dry pince.
. Tests.-"Ten grains of chlorinated lime, mixed with thirty grains
 HO HOMCEOPA'l'HIU PHARMACEUTICS.
of ioclicle of potassium aud .clissolvccl in four fluid ounces of water,
ducc, when acidulatecl with two ilui<l drnchms of hydrochloric acid, pro.
n reddish solution, which requires for the discharge of its c ol or, nt
least
850 grain measures of the volumetric solution of hyposulphite ofso<la,
corresponding to thirty per cent. of chlorine liberated hy h ydrochloric
acid."-Br. l'.
Good commcrcial bleaching powder contaius about t h irty-five per
cent. of available chlorine. If iusufliciently saturnte<l with chlorine in
the manufacture, the specimen examined will, on treatment with wntcr,
show au increase of the insoluble portion. Calcium chloride, if presen t
in too grcn,t quantity, will cause the mass to becon1e quite moist. Vege­
table coloring mattC'rs are soon destroyed when treated with a solution
of hlc:LC h ing powder.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Onc pnrt by weight of'
c h lorinated lime is di�s olvcd in 11iue parts by weight of distilled water,
and /iltcrcd through calico.
A11w11nt of dnw power, 1\.
Diluti ons must be prepared a.':! directed under Class V-a.
CALCAREA FLUORATA.
Synonyms, Calcii Fluoridum. Calcium Fluoride.
Present Name, Calcium Fluoride.
Common Name, Fluor-Spar.
Symbol, Ca F 2•
Origin and Properties of Calcium Fluoride.-It occurs in
nature as the mineral fluor-spar, beautifully crystallized, of various
colors, in lead-veins, t h e crystals h:wiug commonly the cubic, but some­
times the octohcdral form, parallel to the faces of which latter figure
they always cleave. Some varieties, when heated, emit 11. rec11ish,
and�me a purple phosphorescent light. The Huoridc is qmte � Molecular Weight, 2!)4.
insol­
uble in water, but is dccompose<l by sulphuric acid, generating hydro­
Huoric acid.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.--Selected pieces of crys­
tallized fluor-spar arc prcparc<l by tritumtion, as directed u11dcr
Ul:tss VII.
CALCAREA HYPOPHOSPHOROSA.
Synonyms, Calcii Hypophosphis. Calcis Hypophosphis. Hypo-
phosphite of' C11lciu111.
Present Name, Calcium Hypophosphite.
Common Name, IIypophosphite of Lime.
Formula, Ca. (PH 2 0 2)2•
Molecular Weight, 170.
Preparation of Hypophosphite of Calcium.-Onc hundred
parts of freshly prepnred cnlcium hydrate, and about 250 parts of dis­
tilled wntcr, 11.re placed in it deep stone-ware vessel; then forty pnrts
of p h osphorus (granulntod under water) are added, nod the whole is
TIOMffiOP A1'JTIC PI! ARM A CEUTICS. 141
d:gcstcd with frequent agitatio n and addition ofwater . to supply the
loss hy evaporation , fur a week or as long �s the ocl�r of phosp h orc_ltcd
hydrogen i:; perceptible. The niixlurc 1s then hl�crcd, the, res1d1!c
washed 011 the filter and th e was h ing add<'d to the filtrate. _C:1rbo n1c
oxide is now passc<l t hrough the fillralc as Ion,; ns :)11y p _rccq11t:1tc of
calcium carbonate occurs, t h e iatlcr separated by hltrnuon, _ and �he
filtrate cvnnoratc<l to ahout � of its volume an d �et nsulc to crystalltzc.
Calcium' hypophosphitc occurs _ in cither pcr!m1ucnt, odorlcs�, colo!·:
Jc..c:s crystnls, or :t w hite, crystall111c 1_iowder 1_>f :� pearly l�strc. It 1:s
soluble in w:tlcr, i n soluhlc i11 :tlcohol; tls taste 1s b1L�er 111!d d1sa� rcc:1hlc.
Tests.-Calciu111 hypuphosp hit<'. in \�:ttery solutw111-(IVC�, with R1h·cr
nilralc solution, :i. while precipitate, which, by g1•ntl_y heatn _ _iir, becomes
dark-colorcd, from a reduction or the hypophusp)11lc of s1h·cr to the
metallic state. A s111:dl quantity of the salt heated 111 tt tcst-t11\1c dcc:·�p­
ilatcs ancl cvoh-es the readily inflammable hydr?gcn pho�ph1�c. lhc
absence of phosphate will. he shown h)'. it,'l cnt1r_c sol1�h1hty Ill \\·�tcr
(ah�cncc or carbonate also), and hy its helmv10r ,nth amn10111um
molyhclate, whic h givrs a hluc precipi(alc. , 1c pure hypop 10s­
Preparation for Homceopat_h1c 1:1se.-f ) !
p h itc of calcium is prepared by triturnt1011, as d1rcctccl under Clnss
VII.
CALCAREA JODATA.
Synonyms, Cak-n.-cn. IIydrioclica. Calcii Iodiclum. Calci11m
Iodntum. Iodide of Calcium.
Present Name, Calcium Iodi<lc
Common Name, Iodide of Lime.
Formula, Cal 2•
Preparation of I�dide of Calcium.-One par� of �morph �us
phospho rns is treated wit h 30 parts of h ot . w�Ler, nncl fmcl)_ po�1_ '.le1 �cl
.
incline is :uld l'd grnclunlly, wit.h constant. st._irr111g, as long as tl d,�sn
, }� rs
without color the nmouut thus 11Fed hemg nhout 1::H_ parts. _!he
colorlcs.9 li'lu{d if< thm clccnn tccl from t h e �liJ;:ht cl� pos1t nm! 1_111xe'. l
with milk nf lime prepared from 8 parts o f l1111c, 1111 thl' rl'acl1nn 1�
·allrn linc· the mixture is thrown upon a /ilter, am\ thcrch)' nr� re­
moved s,;mc phoFph ate, phnsphitc and ?XC<'F� of hydrate o f calr1'.1111.
The solution of calcium iodide thus ohta111ecl 1s eonc·<·ntrnt<'d hy c,np-
orntion.
Properties.-C'alcinm incliclc is n very !<oluhlC', clc 1-1<p1r�rrnt, w I 11w ·
snlt, w hich crystallizes with clifliculty. It 11iclts
_ b � low � ml 1 11:nl,
_
and if exposed to the air is decomposed, ealc1um oxide bemg [o_i mcd
and iodine lihcrntccl; it.� solution upon Fi111ilar cxp1,s11rc _ p_rrc1p1h_ites
calcium carb onate, t he free iocliuc hcing )1cld hy t)1c r?111a1111n� 1od1�_ Ie.
Tests.-Its identity is rcvcalC'cl hy its he!1nv1or III solutio n \\tth
ammonium oxalntc, 11. white prccipitntc showmg th� I?re�c n cc of cr�l­
cium; nncl with mrreuric rhloridc when a Fcarlct prce1p1�at�, Foluhlc 111
excess of the rcngc n t, dc111011strntcs the presence of JOdme. Up on
 142 HOM<EOPATHIC PHARl\IAClmTICS.
HOMCEOPATIIIC PHARMACEUTICS. 143
t in� its �olution w!th . sulpl1 rous acid nnd th en n<M ng
PJ°rn.a:c Ill exc(�q, t 1c 1od111u mu�tes with the i cupric sul- Calcium oxalate is found in the juice of most plan ts, an<l in some
f ·1 in relatively large nmount.
is to uo filtered off' nit1 �t�\ ��;� ;� � T :!t s
1 t r
i? <l?; _the prccip�tate
1
Preparation of Oxalate of Calcium.-It is formell whenever
vm. mtratc s0Jut10n, when n white preciJ>itat c is due1t, I·t· _estCl \\It1 t
st t
chloride or bromide. pi csen t, to n a strong solution of' oxalic aci<l is nddecl to a solution of a calcium salt;
he first p_rovings were made by Dr. ,v. Ja mes Blakelv it falls as a white powder, which 'should be well washed with distilled
i repar · "' U · · rS• • water, and then dried on a water-bath.
ation for Homceopathic Use Th
cium is prepared by trituration, us directed �nder ci�cv1/ c1 <
lc of cnl� Properties and Tests.-It is but little s oluble in dilute hydro­
chloric, and quite insoluble in acetic acid. Nitric acid dissolves it
easily.When driea nt 37.7 ° C. (100° F.), it retains a molecule of water,
CALCAREA MURIATICA. wh i ch may be driven off by a rather higher temperature. Exposed to
a red heat in a closed• vessel, it is converted into cnlcium carbon ate,
.Synonyms, Calcii Chlori<lum. Cl11ori"de Of Ca 1e1um. • Muriate of with escape of carbon monoxide.
Lune.
Present Name, Calcium Chloride. Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The pure oxalate of
Common Name, Chloride of Lim e calcium is prepared by trituratio n, ns directed under Class VII.
Formula, Ca Cl�.
Mol cular Weight, 111. CALCAREA PHOSPHORICA.
Chlor':ide of Calcium prepared by fusion.
Preparation of Chloride of Cal · . Synonyms, Cnlcii Phosph ns Prrecipitata. Calcis Phosphas. Pre-
a 1 m ch lo cle is cipitated Phosphate of' Calcium.
fhr1�1ecl by . neutralizing hydroch loric n�id�lth :!1��mm car bion�t
n<lcl,mg a httle of solution of chlori nated lime fil c, Present Name, CnlciumPh osphate.
until the resulting snlt becomes solid ancl fina' 11Yt':{1n,g, eynpornt 111g Common Name, I>J10sphnte of Lime.
20-P C.(nenrJy 4000 F.). rymg it at about Formula, Ca 3 (1'0 4)2•
.
Prepa red ns directed nbovc calc m hi 1de s m . . . . Molecular Weight, S06.
_o� i ':vh 1tc, ngglutinnted Preparation of Precipitated Phosphate of Lime.-Thnt
m asses, <lry, but very de1i qu�
cent,mconetamm g n ear 1 y 25 }>er cent. of' used for the proving wns a mixture of the hnsic and other phosphates
water, I. f'
ts ormula being Ca Cl +2 H O .
It 1
tnstc i is rendily soluble in ,�ntcr an� �lcoh�i �h!ltar�, :!1tter, s:�lty of lime, obtained by Dr. Hering (Corresponcle nzblatt, 1837) by drop•
l ping dilute phospho ric nci<l into lime water, ns long as a white precipi­
i rr '!' so:!'f � i't:n,t ;:�
:b:;;�!:i i�fo:;:�:i i" ��!t��i��.' ct ?n ::,.mm� tate was formed; this precipitate wns washed with distilled water, and
1
_its'
per cent.of water At a red hent . IV up i a v itt e more thnn 49 dried on a water-bath.
tion and fuses bec�min� •weak l lk1\JJ E;5 � � at�r of crystallizn­ It was first proved hy Dr. Hering.
a me m rea ction i m this state it is
i n semi-transl:1eent, whitish fri�bie mnsses. Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The phosphate of li me,
T ests.-Ca1cmm . ,
chloride sh ould d" sso I ve co mple ely m twice its ob.tained as described above, is prepared by trituration, as directed
under Class VII.
weight ?f ":nter i its solution should nol : ho_w an h� t g upon trc_•at­
mcnt with lune wnter, caustic nmm \I d c
onit' �nr
sulp hicle. Neither c hlorine or } p o chlo o mm � or1 e or h ydrogen CALCAREA SULPHURICA.
us
when hydrochlori c acid is ndded £o the sa1·I t. acid sh ould be evolved
. r
Preparation ior Homreopathi Use:-One part . Synonyms, Cal cii Sulphns. Sulphate of Calcium. Sulphate of
fu�<'rl chlo ride of cnlciu m is d"isso 1 ve� m . by weight of. Lime.
tilled wnter. Dille parts by we h t
ig of dis- Present Name, Calcium Sulphate.
Amount of d ru power, TtJ'• 1
Common Names, Gypsum. Plnster of Pnris.
. s must ic prepared as dire cted under Class V-a.
D'l1 ut10n Formula, Ca SO 4, 2 H 9 0.
Molecular Weight, 172.
Origin and Preparation of Sulphate of Calcium.-The hy­
CALCAREA OXALICA. drated sulphate of calcium occurs nntiv<?, forming gypsum, a trans­
Synonyms, Cnlcii Oxnlns. Calcium Oxali cum parent and regularly crystalline ynricty of which is called selenite.
Common Name, Oxalate of Lime · Calcium Oxalate. Preparation.-Itis prepnrc<l h_v precipitating n solution of cnldum
Formula, Ca e ll 0 4 . chloride with dilute sulphuric ncid. ° The precipit ate is to be wnshed
°
Mol�cular Weight, 128. with hot water nnd dried at about 30 C.(86 F.) .
Properties.-Precipitated cal cium sulpbnte is a fine, white cry&
144 H0Mili0l'A'l'Jll{; l'ilAlOJA<.:EU'l'ICS. 145
II0MU.:0l'A'l'HIC PHAHMAC.IW'l'ICS.

·� ·Preparation.-The fresh pln�t, gat�ercd �vhen i� flower, is ch?ppccl

tnllinc powder. It is soluble in nbout 400 pnrts of colcl, nnd with more and pounded to a pulp, cnclu_se)l 111_ n piece of nc�v hnc_n a�1d suh,1cctcd
°
d ifliculty in boili11g water; iu nlcoho l it is iusoluble. Hcnted to 200 G
to pressure. The exprcFs?c l · JUIC� 1s then, �� (ms� �g1� a�1on, n11 ng lcd
(392 ° F.) it parl:s with its water of crystallization. with nn equal part hy weight of alcohol. �Ins 1111xtu1e 1s nl l O\\ed _ to
The d rug was proved by Dr. Clarence Conant, U. S. stand eight days in a well-stoppered bott le, m a dark, cool place, au<l
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Sulphate of calcium is then fi ltercd.
prepared hy trituration as directed under Class VII. Drug power of tincture, t
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
CALENDULA.
Synonym, Calcnduln Ollicinnlis, Linn. CAM PH ORA.
Nat. Ord. 1 Compositrc.
Common Name, Common l\Iarigold. A product of Ca;nphora Officinarum, Nees von Esenbeck. (Laurus
Camphora, Linn.)
This nnnunl llnut, originally from the south of Emope, is now • N.at. Ord., Laurnccro.
c11ltivnted iu :LI/ our gnrdcns. The root is pale yellow, cylinclrie. Common Name, Camphor.
hairy; the stem erect, nngular, hairy, braµchy, from six to eighteen ." F.ormula of Camphor, C 10 H10 0.
inches high; leaves inversely oval or lanceolate, spatulu-shapcd entire
or slightly sin11011s, alternate, sessile, somewhat !lcshy and ct1 owny; Tne camphor tree or camphor l aurel is_ widely spread _ thro�1gh
cen­
flowers large, yellow-red, broad, solitary, tcnninal ; and lmve n disagree­ tral China and the J npancse Islands. It 1s also foun� m the island_ of
able, slightly aromnlic odor nllCl n sourish, slimy, bitter tnstc. In sultry Formosa, and it is cultivated in n fow sheltered srots 111 Ita ly. It 1� a
wc-nthcr sparks, similar to e lectric sparks, have been seen issuin g from large handsome tree; the leaves arc on long petioles, �re small, shm­
ing, and glaucous beneath. The flowers arc. small, wlnte, and _ aggre­
thc�c flowers; tlw �ccd s arc curved, muricated, the inner seeds sub-
11latc- 1 lhc 011tcr ones hont-shapcd, with a furrow on the bnck. gated in c lusters. All parts of the tree furnish camphor; .m Formrn:n
lt was first proven hy Dr. :I! rnnz, in Germany. ' the wood is cut up into chips, exposed to tl,e Yapor of boilmg water 111
Preparation.-Thc fresh lcnves at the top of the plant, together vessels covered with n ru d e con d c11f'i11g npparnt11s. D�yobala110�1.3. aro­
wit.h the blos.sonu; :rnd buds, nrc chopped and pounded to a pulp, en­ matica, the camphor tree of Borneo and 8urnnt,ra, yields n ddlcrcut
c losed in a piece of' new linen and subjected to pressure. The exprcs.Qcd kind of camJ?hor. .
Description and Properties.-Camphor, as exp?1ted _f om
r
j11icc is then, by hri�k agitation, mingled wi.th an equal part by weight c
of a lcohol. This mixture is allowed to stand eight days in a we ll­ Japan and Formosa, is in irregular f�·iabl� masses, ? '. gray1sh-wh1 � ?r
stoppered bottle, in a dark, coo l pince and then filtered. pinkish• hue. It is purified by sublimat1on. Punficd cnmphor is 11'.
Drug power of tinctu1:c, t round bowls or convex cakes, colorlcss and tr�nslucent, trnvcr�ed h)
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I. numerous fissures which refract light so as to give a general white np­
pearance to the ma�s. It breaks readily into irrcgu_lar masses, b�1t
these are tough and not easily reduced to po�vdcr, yet if thcy _ h_c lllOJ�:
CALTHA PALUSTRIS, Linn. tened with alcohol, ether, chlor�form, glycl'nnc or n voliit1�� 01I, thc-1�
,
Nat. Ord., H11,nuncu l accro. pulverization is readily n.ccomplishc<l. Camphor melts at 170_ C. (347
F.) boils at 204 ° C. (399.2° F.) and vol atilizes readil y at ord�nary lc_m­
Common Names, Cows lip. Marsh Marigold. °
per�hires. Between 0 ° C. (32° F.) and 6 C. �42.8 F.) its spcc1fi_c
°
This plant µ-rows on mi1rshcs and ditch-banks in Arctic Europe,
Northern :rnd ·western Asia Lo the Himalayas, and in North America.
gravity is the same as that of wnter; at. n l11gher tc!npernturc _ �t
expands more quickly, so that nt 10 C. (50 F.)_ its specific grn_v1ty 1s
° °
It is a coarse, gl:1hro11s, d nrk green, showy, very variab le plant. Ro11L• 0.992. The taste and odor of ciu111ihor arc peculiar; the_ tnstc 1s also
sL11ek short, hnrizo11l11l. Stc111 hol low, furrowed, eight inchc-s to lhn'c warm, follo,vcd by n cool scnflntion. Camphor is very slig_htly soluhle
feet long, snh-crcct, prostrate, or procumbcnt and rooting from a ll lhc in water, about 1 part in 1500; (rnt al�oho�, ether,. chlor<�fnrm, carbon
nod c-s. LcaYcs orbicu lar-rcniform, deltoid-toothed. Stipulcs very di-sulphide and the volatile and fixed OJls dissolve 1t readily.
large, mcn1branous, glniry, quite entire in bud and enclosing the young The drug was proven by Hahnen�ann. . ·,.
ll'af, as in magnolinccrc (Dickson). Flowers terminal, fow, one to two Preparation.-One part by weight of refined cnmpho1. gum 1s d1�­
inches in d iameter, bright gold en-yel low. Sepn.1s five or more, unequal, solved in nine parts by weight of alcohol, and then filtered.
obn\·ate or oblong. Petals none. C1Lrpcls several, Fessilc; ovules Drug power of tincture, T¾r•
numerous, in two series. Fo llicles numerous, mauy-scedecl. Seed s Dilutions must be prepared as directed uudcr Class VI-a.
with n prominent raphc al)(I thickened funiclc. Flowers appear from
March t9 May.
10
 ·•·--·---

14G HOMillOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. HOMillOPATHIC PHARM

ACEUTICS. 147
CANCER ASTACUS. CANNABIS.
Synonym, Astacus Fluviatilis. Synonym, Cnn 1mhis Sativn,
Class, Crustacea. N at. Ord., Urticace:.-c. Linn.
Order, Decapoda. Co mmon Names, Hemp.
Family, Astacidre. Common hemp is, an :t1111ual dimGallow G rn ss.
Common Names, Craw-fish. Cray-fish. River Crab. and centntl parts of Asia. It is cious plan I, indigenous to the western
The common crah is a decapoclous crnstacenn, which inlmhils, in Eu­ as tropicrtl regions tl1ro 11g-lu111t cultivated in n1any ten1 pcrate as well
rope, the borders of strenn 1s, s111all rivers nn<l even lakes nnd ponds, the world. 'J'I i c pln11 t is tall,
Leaves opposite, <lig i tate, pctiolnto; erect.
where it stays iu h oles and under stones. Its body is oblong, gener­ ers small, green,· solitary aud n leullets lan ceolatc, serrate. Flow­
ally cylindric11l; the tail hroad 1111d long, covered with tram;verso rncemcd in t h e fortile one. xillary in t h e barrcu plant; spiked 01·
scales, and furnished with swi111111i11g scales 011 the sides and :tt lhe Caunnbis sntiva was f irst provcu
oxtro111ity, lurning in under themselves. The forep:ut or t h e hody Preparation.-T h o fresh hlo by Ilahncn1nn n.
terminates in a short point jutting out between the eyes. It hns ton the fcrnulo hcrl,, nre ehoppcd oming her h-top�, of bot h the male and
an<l
claws, the two fore-claws terminating i11 strong and <leulatcd pincers. Then two parts by weight of alco p ounded tu a pulp and wcig h c<l.
Any n1c111bcr of its hody, whcu destroyed or mutilated, is easily re­ oughly wit h 011e-sixth p:irt of it, hol arc taken, t h e pulp mixed tl1or­
generated. The crabs change t h eir calcareous cont every year, nnd at stiJTiog t h e wh ole well, a11d pourinnnd rest of the alcohol added. Aller
that time two h ard, calcareous bodies, called crab's eyes, arc found iu allowed to stand eigh t dnys inn g it iDto It well-stoppered bottle, it is
their stoniachs. These are intended to furnish the proper material separat ed by <lecauting, strainingdark, cool place. The tincture is then
tow:trtls the reprocluclion or the uew coat. The female cnrrieR under Drug power of ti11ct11rc, J. and filtering.
lier reverted tail, first h er eggs, t h en her young, until they nttniu a Dilutions must be prepared as
ccrlain Hi'l.l'. directed under Class III.
Dr. Hucl111er's proviugs in Germany introduced this remedy to �ANNABIS INDICA .
hornroopathic practice.
Preparation.-Tho live crab is crnshcd in n stonc-morlar, to n fine Synonym, C:n111ahis 8ntiv11,
Nat. Ord., Urticacc:-c. Linn., var. Indicn.
paste, and covered with twice its weight of alcohol. Aller l11 wi 11g­
becn poured inlo a well-stoppcre1l bottle, the mixture is allowo<l to re­ Common Names, Bhnn ·
main eight days in a dark, cool place, nn<l shaken twice a day. The lf Gnnjn. Hashish. Indinn Hemp.
The Cannabis indica is crn1s1dc
tincture is then poured off nnd filtered. sativa.. There is, l1owover, a 111n rctl to be the same plaut ns G'annabis
Drug power of tincture, L cinal effects of t h e two plants. rkcd dissimilarity betll"ccn t h e medi­
potent than the producl of" Arncric That grown in India is muc h
Dilutions mmit be prepared as directed uuder Class I. au or E 11 ropeau culture, nud more
India certain narcotic products in
plant.a grown at an altitude much arc not obL'1 inaulc in quautity from
CANCHALAGUA.
Elaborate proviugs were publil'hless th:m G,000 foot.
od by tl1e 1\ rncrican Prover's Uni
Synonym, Erythr::na Chilensis, Persoon. in Philadelphia, in 1839. on
Nat. Ord., Gentimrncerc. Preparation.-Tho <l1·icd horh-lop
Common Naq-ie, Ccntaury of Chili. parts by weight of alcohol, all(] s arc h rn i!'cd, coverer! with five
This plant is found groll"ing in California ancl in some parL'> of South allowed to rornni 11 eight clays, in
Well-stopper ed bottle, in n dar n
k,
America. It is a small, grass-like plant, with lance-shaped loaves, nm! The tincture is then poured off; cool place, hoing shaken twice a dny.
smnll, rod blossoms, resembling in shape t h ose of the forget-me-not. strained aud filtcrc<l.
Drug power of tincture, T 1ir.
It was first proven by Dr. Richter, U.S. Dilutions must be prepnrcd as
Preparation.-Tho whole plnnt, in /lower, is cnref'11 lly dried, directed under Clnss IV.
powdered, and covered with five parts by weight of alcohol. H 1tving
poured this into :i well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to remain eight
days in n dark, cool pince, being s h aken twice a day. The tincture is Synonym, Cann a Angustifolia,
Nat. Ord., Canoiacom. 1fure.
then poured off, strained and filtered.
Amount of drug power, 1\. Common Name; (Brazilia
n)
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class IV. This plant is a native of the ,vcl'Imb iri.
t Indies, and inhabits clamp regions,
'or' the liorders of brooks.
Its stem is erect, cylindrical, growing
height of about six feet out of r ton
n h izome sending off numerous
rootlets.
148 HOM<EOPA'l'HIC PHARMACEUTICS.
It is provided with knots, whence arise lnrgc nlternntc clasping lenves,
f
la.nccolatc, hnving strong 111idribs, and sending of fine pnrnllel trnns­
vcrsc nerves. At its s11n1111it the stem produces the Hower-bearing
pediclcs. Flowers alternate, on short iicduncles, and accompanied b
hrncts. The corolln hns n. double permnth, with three divisions n(.
hering to the triiwguln.r, grccriish and glandular ovary; the stamens
present the changing characters so common iu this family.
Introduced into our Mntcria Modica by Dr. Mure, llrnzil.
Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves are chopped and pounded to a
pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol are taken,
the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of
the alcohol added. After stirring the whole well, and pouring it into
a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight d:tys in n dark, cool
pince. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and
filtering.
Drug power of tincture, t.
Dilutions must be prep!Lrcd as directed under Class III.
CANT HARIS.
Synonyms, Cantharis Vesicatoria, De Geer. Lytta Vesicatoria,
Fabricins. Meloc Vcsicatorius, Linn.
Class, Insecta.
Order, Coleoptera.
Family, Vcsicantia.
Common Name, Spanish Fly.
This fly, of the middle and south of Europe, appears in the months
of May :md June, espccinlly on the white poplar, privet, ash, elder,
lilac, etc., upon the leaves of which they feed. The insect is about half
an inch long, of a golden yellow-green; head inclined, almost cordi­
form; antennre filiform, of twelve joints, black; antennul::e equally fili­
form, the posterior swollen at the extremity; eyes large, of a deep
brown; mouth with an upper lip and two bifid jaws; body elongated,
almost round and cylindric; two wings; elytrro soft, demi-cylindric,
marked with longitudinal streaks; head and feet full of whitish hairs;
the odor is sweetish, nauseous; taste very acrid, almost caustic. The
larvrc of these insects have yellowish-white bodies, formed of three
rings, six short feet, rounded head, two short filiform antcnnro, two
jaws and four feelers; they live in the ground, feed on roots, there un•
<lergo their metamorphosis, and do not com_c out till they nre perfect
insects. In May :md June when the insects swnrm upon the trees,
they are collected in the mornings at sunrise, when they arc torpid
from the cold of the night, and ensily let go their hold.. Persons with
their faces protected by masks and their hands with gloves, shake the
trees or beat them with poles; and the insects are received as they fall,
upon linen cloths spread underneath. They are then exposer! in
:;icvcs to the vnpor of boiling vinegar, and, having heen thus deprived
of life, arc dried either in the sun or in apartments heated by stoves.
The larger flies nre l)tuch better for medical use thnu the smaller ones.
It was introduced into Homreopathic Medicine by Hahnemaun.
HOlllU<:Ul'A'l'JIJC I'll A lt�IJ\CIWTI<.;S. 149
Preparation.-Sclcct perfect insect.<, (large ones) that arc not
wor111-catcn: ru h tlic111 l,0 a co:mm 111mder and weigh. Theu ndd live
parts by weight of alcohol, and place the 111ixlurc in a \\'ell-stoppered
{.
bottle; let it sl:uHI eight days in a dark, cool place, slinking twic·e n
duy. The tincture is then poured ofl; strained aud filtered.
Drug power of" tiu('t.11re, 1 'o- ·
Diluti•)JIS 111ust be prepared ns directed uuder Class IV.
Triturntions are JJrepared frut11 the powdered insect, as dircctLd
under Class VII.
CAPSICUM.
Synonym, Capsicum Annuum, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Solnuaccm.
Common Names, Caycnuc Pepper. Red Pepper.
The Cap.�icnmt family seems to be indigenous to tropical America
and Asia, aud is cultivated in nlmost all parts of the \\·orlcl.
The C. aimuwn is au herbaceous plant, two or three feet high;
stem brnucliiug abu,·c; leaves entire, glabrous, ovntc and acu111inatc,
on petiolcR. Flowers fi,·c-pnrtcd, coroll:i white and rotnte. The fruit
is an ohlong hf'rry, of" a hright l'<'arlet color, becoming darker on dry•
ing. The taste of' tire herry or pod is that of Cnycnnc pepper, ,,hich
is well knCJwn. The flowers appear in J 11ly and August, and the
fruit ripc•n� in Oclohcr. The \':tricty tlint is long, conical, µoiuted,
nnd generally rcc111·,·ccl, whose base is not thicker than the finger,
is chosen for our prcpnrations.
It ll'llS pro,·cn under llnhnemann's direction.
Preparation .-Thc ripe, dried fruit, that hns not been woni1-catC'n,
is coarsely puh·criz<'cl, co,·ercd with five parts by weight of alcohol aucl
nllowecl tu remain ei<rht days in a well-stoppered bott,le, iu a dark, cool
pince, being shaken° tll'icc a day. The tincture is theu poured of!;
strni11cd and fillcrccl.
Drug power of tincture, 1\r-
Dilutiuns 11111st he prepared as directed under Clnss IV.
CARBO ANIMALIS.
Synonyms, Animnl Charcoal. Leather Chrircoal.
Preparation of Animal Charcoal.-Thc preparation used by
Hahncm:rnn in his pro,·ing8, nnd ll'hich ought, therefore', to be pre•
ferrcd to nil othcrio, wns made as follows: J > laec a thick piece of ox­
hide leather (ncnt's lcnthcr) on red-hot coals, where it must remain as
long as it burns ll'ith a flame. A� so,'. n, h_owcvcr, ns _the flame ceases,
lift off the red-hot mass, and cxtmgu,�h rt by pressmg bct,Yeen two
flat stones, and prescn·c it in well-stoppered bottles. If allowed to
cool gradually in the air, most of tlif' cnrho11 wn11ld be consumed.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The animal charco:d
procured as described above, is prepared by trituration, as directed
under Class VII.
150 HOl\lillOPA'l'HIC PHARMACEUTICS.
CARBONEUM.
Common Name, Lampblack.
Preparation.-Carboncum is an amorphous carbon, produced by
the imperfect combustion of oils or resins. That use<l for provi11gs wa::i
obtainell from the chimney of a coal-oil lamp; to obtai11 it, it is 0111,v
11ccc.."'Sary that the wick be turned up high while burning, thus causi11g
impcrfoct combustion, when the lampblack is deposited upon the sides
of the chi11111ey.
lt was provru by Dr. ,v. H. Burt, U. S.
Preparation for Homc::eopathic Use.-Lampblack, obtained
as described above, is prepared by trituration, as directe<l un<ler
Ulnss Vll.
CARBONEUM CHLORATUM.
Synonyms, Carbon Tctmehloride. Carbonei Tctrnchloridum.
Chlorncarho11.
Formula, C Cl 4•
Molecular Weight, 154.
Preparation.-Carbon tctrachlori<le is produced by the action of
chlorine on marsh-gas, by the action of chlorine on chloroform in the
su11shinc :111d by the action of chlorine on carbon di-sulphide. Chloro­
form is gently heated in a retort exposed to the sun, and a stream of
dry chlorine gas is passed slowly and continuously through it, the
liquid which distils over being repeatedly poured back till hydrochloric
acid ceaS!'S to be evolved, after which the distillate is agitated with
rncrcu ry to remove free ehlorine, and thrn rectified by distillation 011 a
water-bath.
. Properties.-Cnrbon tetrachloride is a thin, colorlcss, oily-looking
liq11 id having an agreenblc aromatic odor. Its specific gravity is ahout
1.5; it boils hctw<'cn 77 ° nnd 80 ° C. (170.6 ° to 176 ° F.) It is illsolu­
blc in water, but soluble in alcohol nnd ether.
Preparation for Homc::eopathic Use.-One part by weight is
dissolved in ninety-nine parls by weight of alcohol.
Amount of' drng power, T!u•
Dilutions must be prep·arcd us directed under Class VI-/1.
CARBONEUM HYDROGENISATUM.
Proper Name, Hydrogrn Di-Crirhidc.
Synonyms, C:trburctted Hydrogen. Ethene. Ethylene.
Common Name, Olc!iant Gas.
Formula, II 4 C 2•
The chief' illuminating coustituent of coal-gns.
Preparation of Ethene or Olefiant Gas.-Onc volume of nl­
cuhol fill(! four volumes of s11 lphuric ncid are mix.cd with sand so as to
form a thick paste, in a glass flask, the tube of which passes into a
w:uih-bottle containing caustic potash. A second wash-bottle, partly
HOMCEOPATHIC PJIARMAC.EU'£ICS. 151
filled with sulphuric ncid is connected with the first, nud furnished
with n tuhc dipping into the wntcr of the pneumatic trough over whieh
the gns is to he collected. On the (irst npplication of hcnt to the con­
tents of the llnsk, alcohol, nnd nf'tcrll'arcls ether, mnkc their appear­
ance; but, as the temperature rises, nml the mixture blackens, the
ethcr-vnpur dirnillishcs in <]Unutity, nnd its place becomes in great pnrt
supplied by a pcrmatl<'Dt inflammable gas; carbon dioxide and sul­
phurous oxide arc also generated at the same time, besides traces of
other products: The tll'o last-mcntioncd gases arc absorbed by the
alkali in the first bottle, and the ethcr-vapor by the acid in the sccoud,
so that the ole!iant gas is delivered tolerably pure.
Properties and Tests.-Olcfiant gas thus produced is colorless,
irrespirahle, neutral, and but slightly soluble in miler. Alcohol, ether,
oil of' turpentine, and eyeu olive oil, as Fnraday has observed, dissolve
it to a considerable extent. It hns a foillt ethereal odor. Ou the ap­
proach ol' a kindled taper it takes fire, and burns with a splendid
white light, far surpassing in brilliancy t.hnt produced by marsh gns.
This gas, ll'hen mixed ,Yith oxygen, nud fired, explodes with extreme
violenee. Its density is 0.978.
Ethcnc is decomposed by passing it through a tube heated to bright
rcdlle�s; a deposit of eharcoal nnd tnr takes pince and the gas·becomcs
convcrtrd into marsh gas, or even into free hydrogen nncl carbon, if the
tempernturc he very ltigh. This latter ehangc is, of' eourse, attended by
incrcnse of' volume. Chlorine acts upon cthcne in a very remnrknble
manner. 1Vhen the two bodies nrc 111ixcd, even in the dark, they t·om­
binc in equal measures, nod give rise to a heavy oily liquid, o/'swretish
taste and ethereal oclor, to which the name of elhcne chloride, or Dutch
liquid (formula C 2 If 4 Cl 2), is givcu. lt is from this peculinrity thnt
the term olefia11t gas is derived .
Preparation for Homc::eopathic Use.-A saturated solution in
alcohol is made of the gns ohtnined as directed above, whieh "·ill cone­
spond to about the lx dilution.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss VI-a.
CARBONEUM OXYGENISATUM.
Synonyms, Carbon l\[onoxidc. Carbonous Oxide.
Formula, CO.
Pre'paration of Carbonous Oxide.-Heat in a retort, finely
powdered yellow potm;sium forrocyaniclc with eight or ten times its
weight of couccntratcd sulphuric ncid. The salt is entirely rl<'com­
pos �d, yieldiug a copious supply of' perfectly pure cnrlrnnous oxide gns,
winch may be collected over wntcr in the u!'ual ma11ucr.
Properties and Tests.-Carbonous oxide is a combustible gm;;
· it burns with a beautiful pnJc blue flame, generating cnrbou dioxidl•.
It is colorless, lrns Ycry little odor, and is extremely poisonous. Mixed
with oxy�en, it explodes by the electric spark, but ll'ith some difficulty.
Its specific gravity is 0.978. Carbon monoxide unites with chlorine
under the influence of light, forming a pungent, sullocatillg compound.
possessing acid properties, called plwsgene gas, or carbonyl chloride.
152 HOMCEOPATTIIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-Dislilled wnler is sntu•
i·nted with carhonous oxide, nud then diluted with 1111 prprnl part hy
weight or distilled w1ttcr.
Amount or drug power, T6 ir ·
Dilutious must be prepared as directed uuder Class V-{f.
CARBONEUM SULPHURATUM.
Proper Name, Cnrbon Di,:1ilphidc.
Synonyms, Alcohol , 'ulphuris Lampadii. Sulphuret of Carbon.
Carhonci Bisulphidum. Cnrbonic Sulphide.
Common Name, Bisulphidc ofCnrbou.
Formula, U R 2 •
Molecular Weight, 76.
Preparation.-Carhon disulphi<lc is prcpnrcfl hy pnssing the vnpor
of s11l phur ovPr rc1l-hot ch:tr('oal; the procc,:s is done in n retort 111111
the distillate is condcnsC'd in a prop •rly arranged receiver. The dis­
tillntc is purified hv :wilnting it with mercuric chloride' or h•ad hy­
drnlc and nflcr mi'xin7, it with milk or lime it is rcdistillc•cl o\·cr a
watc/-hnth. Carbon Jisulphidc_ is a thi�1, colt(rless, 1!1�1bilc li�1ui�l,
rcf'mctinrr· li.,ht stn)n!!ly. Al J:, ° C. (ii!) F.) 1ls spcc1hc �rnv1ty 1s
about l .269." lt hoils· hctwecn -15 ° aml 48 ° C. (113 °-118.4 ° 1' .). J t is
extremely volatile, and its evaporation produces grcnt, co!d; its vap�r
is very inHnmmablc, burning with a blue fl:1 mc, f?roducmg C.'lr !>on�c
nll(I sulphurous oxid<'s. The \·apor, when m1x_ed with ntmOSJ!hcnc :ur
or oxygen forn1s an cxpln�i\·c compound. Ordmnr): carbon d1sulph!dc
has 1t peculiar a11d very ui81wrecahlc odo1 :, dcscnhcd as rc�cmhl111g
that of' dccomposi1w cahlmcrc, 71ut whc�1 <p11te pure the odor 1s ngrcc­
ahle and eh lurofo1�n-like. b JI.,, taste is sharp and aromatic. lt is
practically insoluhlc in water, but imparts to the latter its odor and
taste; in absolute alcohol it is soluble as well as in ether. Its own
solvent power over mnny suhstanccs is very great; of phosphorns nntl
iodine it dissolves more than iL-; mm W<'ight, while in the arls it is nsecl
to di�solve sulphur, caoutch,rnc, g-ut.ta-pcrch:1, parnflin, etc.
Lt was iutrudnced into our J\fotcria Jl[edica by Dr. Buchner, Ger-
many. . .
Preparation for Homc:eopath1c Use.-One part hy weight of
p11n• hi�nlphidc or carbon is di�solvcd in ninety-nine pnrts hy weight
or !l.i per cent. a lcnl10I.
A 1110unt. of' drug power, T� lf ·
Dilutions must he prepared ns directed under Class VI-ff, except
that U!i per cent. alcohol is used.
CARBO VEGETABILIS.
Common Names, Vegetable Charcoal. Wood Charcoal.
Preparation.-Vegetable charcoal mu.y be readily obtained hy
plaeing wood in 1111 iron rctor� an1l clistil_ling, the residue being the
carhon of the wood together with some mmeral matter. On a large
BOMCEOPATJIIC PJIARMACEU'l'ICS. 153
scale charcoal is made by the smothered combustion of n pile of wood
partially co\·ered with C'arth. Uhnrcoal is :t bluish-black, poroui=, suh­
sl:ancc, having tt peculiar glistening a�pc·ct :aud n•taining 111i1111t.cly both
the form and texture of the wood from which it was made. 1 Ls specific
gravity is about 1.7. It ha the property of absorbing gases aud of
condensing them .within ii.'! (>Orous ma�s; a �ood spc cimcn of box­
_
wood charcn:il \\'Ill absorb ninety volumes of nn1monui gas. Ilcnec
charcoal contains a large amount of oxygen condensed from the air in
which it was t·oolcd from its heated stale, and to this is due its Yalu­
ahlc disinfocling and dccolorizing powers. After coutinucd exposure
to gnscs it becomes saturntcd with them, but, its absorbiug powers
arc rcstc,rcd hy heating it to redness out of contact with air.
Jt was proycn by llallllcmann.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-"7c select the firmest
piece of beC'ch, or hirch chnrcoal, of medium thil'knc�s, divested of the
hark, clearly showing the lc.xturc of the wood, and nllowing us lo infor,
fro111 a ccrl:iin bright lustre, thnt the carbonizing process wns perfect.
Thl'SC pieces, nrter ht·ing di\·idcd into lumps of the size of n. fist arc
:ig-ain made rpd-l10t, nnd ll1cn i;pccdily cxti11g11ishNI iu an cnrthcn \'CS·
sel proYided with a WC'll-fitting t•oycr; ha\·ing bem nllowcd to cool,
all(! the ashes which may have formed haying been blown on: the
pieces arc pulverized very finely, and the powder is kPpt i11 wcll­
sto >pcrcd bottles in a dry place.
l
' 'his powder is prepared by triturntion, ns directed under Class VII.
CARDUUS BENEDICTUS.
Synonyms, C'nicus Bcncdiclns, I,inn. Ccntaurca Benctlicta, Li1111.
Nat. Ord., Composil:u.
Common Names, Hlessccl Thi. tic. Star Thistle.
An herbaceous nnn1111l, about two fcC't in hci�hl, indigenous to Roulh�
ern Europe, hut nnt.ur:dizcrl in the Uni!Pd Rtates. Its IC'n\·C's arc long­
lanccolatc, deeply n11d irregularly dt•11tate, the teeth furni�hecl with
thorny points. The frC'1<h ll'1wes arc bright g-n'en and feel grcn,:y;
when dried they arc grN•ni,:h-gray nnd woolly. The upp<'r k•a\·es sc!"i;ilc,
lower ones pctiolale. ThP flowC'r:l arc discoirl, yellow; wil h dark slri pes.
The plant flow<•rs in , June.
Introduced into ot1r Matcria MC'dica hy N<m<"k and Trink�.
Preparation.-Thc frl'sh herh, g:ithl'rl'd whPn the pl:llll is in
flower, is chopped and p0t11Hlcd to :1 pulp mul Wl'iJ!hrd. Th1•n two
parts by weight of :ilcohol nrc t.akcn, lhc pulp rnixPd lhornuJ!lil.\·
with one-sixth part ur it, ancl I.he rl'i<I, of' the akuhol added. Af't1•r
stirring the whole well, nnrl pourin!! it into n wrll-,:toppcrcd holllc, it
is allowed to stand eight day,: in a dark, cool place. The tincture ;s
then separated by decanting, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, �.
Dilutions must be prepared as dircclcd under Cla1<s III.
154 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
CARDUUS MARIANUS, Linn.
Synonyms, Cuicus Mnrinuus. Silybum l\farinnum, Gcertner.
Nat. Ord., Gomposit:.c.
Common Names, Milk Thistle. St. Mary's Thistle.
This is :in annual or bieuni:.tl, two or three foet high, uot. much
branched, glabrous or with but very little cottouy wool. Leaves
arc smooth and shining above, and variegated by white veins; the
lower ones clccply pinuatilid, with broad, very prickly lobes; the up­
per ones clnspirw the stem by prickly auricles, but scllrccly dccurrcnt.
Flower-heads la�·"c, drooping, solitary at the ends ol' the brn nchcf',
with purple floret.�. Bracts of the involucrc very broad llt the base,
with n, stiff; spreading, leafy appendage, ending in 11 long prickle, nn,l
bordered wit;h prickles at its base. Hairs of the pappus simple. The
plant is :1 native of Suuthern Europe.
Proven hy Dr. Reil, of Germany.
Preparation.-Take one part by weight of the ripe, whole seed,
and cover with two parts by weight of dilute alcohol, nnd let it rcrrmin
eight d:1ys iu a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool pince, shnkiug it
twice a d:ty. The tincture is then poured off; strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, k.
Dilntions must be prepa.red ns follows: the lx with 30 drops of'
tincture to 70 drops of dilute alcohol; the 2x and 3x also with dilute
a.lcohol. The l dilution, with 3 drops of tincture to 97 drops of dilute
a.lcohol, the 2 with dilute alcohol; for higher potencies alcohol is used.
CARY A ALBA, N1Ltlall.
Nat. Ord., .fu�l:111dacc:u.
Comm-on Names, 8hng-Bark. Shellbnrk. Hickory Nut.
A hirgc, hand,rnnc tree, yielding valunble woo<l nud the �rcatcr por­
tion of hickory nuts of the market; indigenous to North America.
f
Bark of trunk shaggy, coming of in rough strips; inner bud-scales
bccorning l:i.rgn :1.nd cnnspicuuus, persistent till the flowers arc fully
developed; lc:iflcl,� live, when young miuutcly downy beneath, linl•ly
scrmte, the three upper obnvate-1:tnceobtc, the lower pair much smnll,•r
nnd ohlong-l1u1ccolatc, all taper-pointed; fruit globul1u- or dcprcss,,d;
nut white, fl:tUish-glohular, barely mucrounte, the shell thinnish anrl
splitting when dry, into four, hard or woody valves. Nuts ripen nr11I
fall in O<:tohcr,
Preparation.-Thc ripe nuts nre finely powdered, and covered
with five parts hy weight of alcohol. Having been poured into a ll'ell­
stoppcrcd boL�lc, the mixtu1:e is allowed to rc_main ci�ht days in a dnrk,
cool place, berng shaken twice a day. The tmcture 1s then poured off,
strained nnd filtered.
Amount of drug power, r1rr-
DiluLious must be prepared as directed unde1· Class IV.
HOi\ICEOPATHIC PJLI.RMACJ,;UTICS. 155
CASCARILLA.
Synonym, Groton Eleutheria, Bennett.
Nat. Ord., Euphorbiacex.
Common Name, Cascarilla.
The tree furuishiug cascarilla is indigenous to the Dnhama Islands.
It is several feet high. The bark occurs in conuncrcc in tubular or
channelled pieces, rather rough and incgula.r nnd about fou1: inches
long; it is dull· brown in colur. It is often 1'.Hrnd i�1 smaller _ p1c�es :m
inch or Jess in length, often nearly covered wrth a srlvcrr-wl 11tc lJChcn;
the older bark is n1orc n1gosc and crnssed hy many lo11g1tl!dmal cracks
aud fower trausversc ones. Tire fracture ol' tire bark 1s short aud
resinous. lts odor is fragrant and its tnstc bitter 1111tl nauseous. \Vheu
burned it gives an arn111atic odor.
Introduced into our Matcria l\'lcclicn hy 8tnpf', of' Germany.
Preparation.-Thc dried bark, coarsely po11·dcrc '.I, is_ covered ')·ith
five parts hy ll'Cight of alcohol, and alloll'cd to_ rcn1n111 eight _days 111 a
well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, bcrng shaken twice a dny.
The tincture is then poured on; strained am! liltcrccl.
Drug poll'er of tincture, r\r·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Glass IV.
CASTAN EA.
Synonyms, Castnnca EduI is, Gcertner. Castanon Vcsca, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Cupulifcr:.c.
Common Name, Chestnut. .
The American chestnut is a large, fine tree. Leaves four to eight
inches long and ahout two br?nd, oblong-clli_ptical, pointed, coarsely
serrate, prominently strnight-vcrncd. \Vhcn J11ll-g�·l(ll'n !,hey arc green
and smooth on hoth side.-. Sterile flowers arc wh1t1sh, 111 long naked
cylindric::d cntkins. The well known nuts nr � enclosed,_ two or three,
,
in n. prickl_v fi,11r-v:dvccl involucrc or bun·: [he A_mcrre:�n clH's�nut
is spread l:1 q.;cly through the eastern all(] 1111ddlc port10ns uJ the U111te<l
StatPs.
]'rovings h:ive hcpn made hy Dr. II. C. Houghton, U. 8.
Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves arc cl)oppccl anrl pou1Hlcd to a
pulp and ,,·�ighccl._ Then two _ p1u-ts by_ wc1gl:t of alcohol nrc taken,
the pulp rnrxcd mth onc-srxth part of 1t, and �he 1 :cs� of the nlcohol
nddcrl. After stirring the \\'hole ll'ell.and pourr_ng 1t mto a ll'cll-stop­
pcrccl hottlc, it is alloll'cd to staud crgl)t days �n. a dark, _cool_ place.
The tincture is then �epnratcd by clecantrng, strammg and hltermg.
Drng powt'r of tincture, L
Dilutions must he prepared ns drrectcd under Class III.
CASTOR EQUORUM.
Synonyms, Castor Equi. Verruc:.c Equornm.
Class, Mnmnrnlia.
Order, Equid::e.
1 :iG
HOMillOPA'J'HIC PH ARM ACEUTl<'S.
Family, Equus Cabnllus.
'l'hi� is I he hl:)ckish CX<'r(';,c•rncc, foull(] on the inner side of the fore
hind l�gs of �h? horse, ahovc the_ k11cc and uclow the hock joints,
11,111!
wl11ch ren,dily exfolmtcs, and 011 rubbing emits a peculiar odor.
l'rovcn hy Dr. ll:t11<•r, Ocr111a11y.
Preparation.-Thc suh;<tnncc is dried pulverized ancl prcpar<•cl
h_v lrit11rnlio11, ns din•ctcd under Clnss VJI.'
CASTO RE UM.
Synonyms, Castorcnm Sibiricum. Castor Fibcr, Lhin.
Class, J\l:1111nmlin.
Order, lfodc11tia.
Family, J\forid:-c.
Common Names, Castor.
The cnstor_ b�avcr, �f the n_orthcrn portion of the Tcm­
, _ an inhubituut
_
J�Cratc Zone, 1s turmsh�d with a certam odoriferous secretiou froru gl:rn<ls
s1t11:itccl n<.':tr the gemlnl organs. In these animals a cloaca furnishes
outlet for _11ri11:try and nlvi11c excretions, and acts in the male as a
�he�th to 1ls �cxual organ, and in the female as a vcslihule to the
\-:�g111:1. fn both Fcxes I he glands exist-in the male com111u11icatincr
w1�h the prc1_llltial opening, in the fem�lc, with the vagina. The rc.�c;'..
_
\'111rs or !':l<"S 111 which the �la11cl secretwn is stored is brought into com­
mcn·c under the name of enstoreum. In the fresh state, the sacs arc
�mm! mai'.�ed Logcthcr, t_he individual sues being of nn elongated pyri­
form shap?, about two 111chcs long, soft and somewhat flcsh-colorcd.
Upon clryml-(, t.hcy become brownish, flattened and wrinkled. The
cc'.11tc11ts of the fresh !<:tcs _arc liquid, yellow in color, aud odorous, mul
afterwn,nl clry t.o a rC'cld1sh-hrown, more or less hard mass. Ca�!nr
h:1s n fctid, peculiar, strong oclor, nnd its taste is nauseating, acrid and
bitter.
Jfartlauh �II(( Trinks give provings hy Caspari and "N-g."
.
. Preparation.- rhr dry suhslnnre is prepared by t.riturntion ns
d1re<,t<'d under ClnR� VfJ, which is the preferable method in hormeo­
palhi<' prncti<·r,_ )>11t "li11<"l11rc" m
_ ay he prepared by covering the dry
s11hst:111<·c w1l!1 fl\:c parls hy_ weight of nlcohol, aud allowing the mix­
ture to rcm:1111 ?1ght <(ays 111 a well-stoppered bottle, in a <lnrk, cool
place, n,nd shak111g twice a day. The tincture is then poured off'
�trainee! and filtered.
Drng powrr of tineture, T'-o- -
Dil 11tion!;, fro111 tin<:L11rc. must be prepared as directed under Class l V.
CATALPA.
Synonym, Catalpa Tiignnnioidcs, Walt.
Nat. Ord., Bignoni:l<'c:-c.
Common Name, Oilalpa.
. 'l.'his fin<', .wid1• �pn•:11lin_g tree, is a nati,·c of the Routh('l'll StatL·s, but
1�. fre '.111enf I_, c·� ilt1rnt<'d fartl_1cr nor�h. It often reaches a height of
fifty feet, ;111d 11� trunk nttn111s a diameter of two feet. Its bark is
HOl\lillOPATfTIC PHAJtl\lACEUTlCS. 157
imooth ex�rnally and slig:htly glossy, grayish-brown in color and
studded with round, wart-like elevations. Beneath this is a middle
gre�n layer, and lower still is a white (itycr o[ bast-fibres which, on
drymg, becomes Y?llow. Leave.,; opposite, pct1olate, ovate, cordatc,
downy beneath, pomtcd. Flowers white, slightly tinged with violet
c..-im�anulatc, _ dotted �iolct and yello�v in the throat, in large, showy:
termmnl pnr11clcs. Corolla, fo11r or. five cleft,, throat inflatccl. Fruit,
a long, cylin�lrical pc�d, two•c?llccl. Seeds, winged.
Preparatlon,-Equal weights of the fresh inner bark aud of the
fresh lca.vc.':i arc _ chopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then
two parts hy weight of alcohol arc taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly
with one-sixth pa.rt of it, nud the rest of the alcohol added. After
�tirring the whole w �II, and po�riug it. into a well-stoppered botllc, it
1s allowed to stand eight clays 111 a dark, cool pince. The tincture is
then sepnrntcd by decanting, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, ¼-
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Clnss III.
CAULOPHYLLUM.
Synonyms, Caulophyllum Thalictroidcs, 1Jfichat£X. Lconticc Tha-
lictroides, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Bcrbcridaccro.
�o_m_mon_ N'.'1mes, Blue Co_hosh. Pappoosc Root. Squaw Root.
This 1s an m<l1ge11uus, pcrc11111al herb, with matted, knotty rhizomes,
st�m smooth, about two foct high, near the summit sending out a large
tn t:crn:1;tely compound lcnf'; flowers greenish-yellow, in a pnnicle, below
which 1s often a s�11allcr bitcrnate leaf'. It is the only known species
?f t�c genus. It 1s found in most parts of the United States, growin�
m nch woods. Its root has a sweetish, pungent tnstc. Flowers in
April and May.
It was fir.-t proven by Dr. Burt, U. S.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root, gathered early in the season when
growth begins, is chopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then
two parts hy weight of' alcohol arc taken, the pulp thoroughly mixed
with one-sixth part of it, nud the rest uf the alcohol added. After
stirring the whole _well and _pouring it into n wcll-s��ppe�cd bott(c, it is
allowed to stand eight days 111 a <lark, cool p1nce. Ihe tmcture 1s then
separated by dccan�ing, straining nnd filtering.
D�ugyowcr of tmcturc, !-
D1lut1ons must be prepared as directed under Class III.
CAUSTICUM.
Synonym, Causticum Hahncmnnni.
This is a preparation peculiar to homooopathy, and hence must be
prep�red exnctly according t� Hahncmnnn's directions.
It IS probn�ly a weak solution of Potassium hydrate.
Preparation of Causticum.-A piece of freshly burnt lime is
put for one minute in distilled water, then placed 'in a dry vessel,
158 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS:
where it crumbles to powder.· Mix four parts of this powder with the
same quantity of the bisulphatc of potnsh (previously ig11itcd, melted,
�uHI, tdl,cr cooling, pulverized) tlissolvcd in four parts of' boiling water,
111 a heated pon:elain mortar, and after stirring it to a stiff paste, put
the mixture into a glass retort, the helm of which is connected with a
receiver half immersed in cold water. Increase the heat gradually aud
distil to dryness. l\fix the clcnr distilled liquid a111ou11ti 11 g to about
three parts by weight, with an equal weight of strong alcohol.
Amount of drug power, �.
Dilutious must be prepared as directed under Class I.
CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS, li,nn.
Synonym, Ccanothus Snnguiuis.
Nat. Ord., Rham1Jacc.--c.
Common Names, New Jersey Tea. Red Root.
This is nu indigenous shrubby plant, stems growing from one to
three foct high, from.?- dark red 1·oot; branches downy; leaves ovate
or oblong-ovate, three-ribbed, serrate, downy beneath, often henrt­
sha.pcd at the base; common peduncles elongated; flowers in attractive
white clusters at the top of naked flower. branches, appear in July.
The plant is found throughout the United States, growin/? in dry
woodlands, barrens, etc. The leaves have been substituted for tea, to
which they have a strong r<:'semblancc when dried, both in taste nnd
· The first provings were liy Dr . Hering.
odor.
Preparation.-The fresh lcaYes are chopped and pounded to a
pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol nre· takcn,·
the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of
the alcohol added. After stirring the whole well, and pouring it into
a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight days in a dark, cool
place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and fil­
tering.
Drug power of tincture, ¼-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
CEDRON.
Synonym, Simaba Cedron, Planchon.
Nat. Ord., Simarubncero.
Common Name, Cedron.
A small tree, stem erect, "Six inches or le..c:s in diameter, with
branching top. Leaves large, glabrous, pinnate; flowers pale brown,
in long, branching racemes. The fruit is a drupe, containing a single
seed. The fruit is of a yellowish-gray color, flat-ovate, with one <:'dge
convex and the other almost straight, the convex edge terminating
in n. blunt point. It is about two inches long, and its greatest
width is about one and one-third inches. The seed is about an inch
n.nd a hal r lung, five-sixths of au inch broad, and· nearly half au inch
thick. One side is convex, the other flat or slightly concave, and the
Hat side has an oval scar near one extremity. Though hard and corn•
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMAC�UTICS. 159
pa�ct, it is sectile. The seed· is without odor, and has an intensely bit­
ter tllste. The tree is indigenous to tropicnJ Americn.
It was introduced into ou1· Matcriit lVledica by Dr. Teste, of France,
under whom the first provings were made.
Preparation.-The dried, powdered seed is covered with five parts
by weight of alcohol, and nllowcd to remain eight days in a well-stop­
pered bottle, in it dark, cool place, being shaken twice a day. The
tincture is then poured on; �trained nnd filtered.
Drng power Qftincturc, 1'o--
Dilutions must be prepared us directed under Class IV.
CEPA.
Syn·onym, Allium Ccpa, Li,nn.
Nat. Ord., Lilinccrr!.
Common Name, Onion.
The common onion is a bulbous, biennial plant, with a fistulous
scape swelling towards the bnsc. The scnpe appears in the second
year, three or four feet high, and is surmounted by a large globular
umbel of ?.rccnish-whitc llowcrs. The leaves arc terctc, fistulous and
pointed. fhcrc nrc many varieties nlld the bulbs vary in size, shape
and color accordingly. The plant is universally cultivated as a gar­
den vegetable.
Preparation.-Thc fresh, red, somewhnt long bulb, is chopped nn<l
pounded to a pulp nnd weighed . Then two parts by weight of' alcohol
are taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and
the rest of the alcohol added. After stirring the whole well, and pour­
ing it into a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight days _in
a dark,. cool place. The tincture is then separated by dccnnti11g, stram­
ing and filtering.
· Drug power of tincture, L
· Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
. CEPHALANTHUS OCCIDEKTALIS, Li,nn.
Nat. Ord., Rubiaccm.
Common Names, Button Bush . Crnne ·willow.
An indigenous shrub about six foet high, fo�nd growing in moist
places, as along streams, or on the borders of swamps . Stems arc
smooth or pubescent. Leaves on petioles, ovate, or oblong-lnnccolate,
pointed, opposite or in threes, with short intervening stipulcs. Flowc!-s
white, in dense, spherical, peduncled head�. The flowers appcnr m
July and August.
Preparation.-The fresh hnrk is chopped and pounded to a pt.Ip
ru'ld weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol nrc tnkcn, the
pulp mixed thoroughly wit!) one-sixth part of it, and th.c rc� t ?f the
alcohol added. After stirr111g the whole well, nud pourrng 1t 'Into {1.
well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight days in a dark, cool
lGO HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
"�
pince. The tincture is then separnted by decanting, straining and
filtering.
Amount of drug power, ii.
Dilutions must be prepared as di_rected under Class III.
CERASUS VIRGINIANA, llfichattx.
Synonyms, Ccrnsus Scrotina, DC. Prunus Virginiana.
Nat. Ord., Amygdalcro.
Common Names, Wild Black Cherry.
The wild cherry is nu indigenous forest tree, oflcn ntlaining a height
of from fifty to eighty feet, and not throwing out brn11chcs below
twenty or thirty feet. Leaves hmceolate-oblong, with fine, sharp scr­
rat urcs, pointed anrl on petioles having from two to four glands: The
flowers nre white, in cylmdrical clusters. Fruit purplish-black. The
bark when deprived of epidermis is reddish-brown in color, brittle, and
when iu powclcr, of n much lighter tinge. When fresh, its odor re­
sembles that of peach leaves. The taste is bitter nod somewhat aro­
matic.
Preparation.-Thcfrc.sh bark is chopped and pounded and weighed;
then five parts of n.lcohol arc added, 1iud the mixture allowed to re­
maiu eight days in n well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, bcin�·
sha.kcn twice a day. The tincture is then poured ofl; strained nnd
fi I tcrcd.
Drug power of tincture, t'<r·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
CEREUS BONPLANDII.
. phate, gives a white precipitate of' calcium oxalate.
Nat. Ord., Cactacc:-c.
A variety of Ccrcus Grnndiflorus.
Preparation.-Thc stems nre chopped and weighed. Then two
parts by weight of alcohol arc tnkcu, the pulp mixed thoroughly
with one-sixth part of it, nnd lhc rest of the alcohol ncldccl. Aller
stirring the whole well, nnd pouring it into n well-stoppered bottle, it is
n.llowcd to stnncl eight clnys in n dark, cool pince. The tincture is then
scpnrntcd by decanting, strnining nnd filtermg.
Drug power of tincture, }.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
CERIUM OXALICUM.
Proper Name, Ccrous Oxalate.
Synonym, Ccrii Oxalns.
Common Name, Oxalate of Cerium.
Formula, Cc C 2 0 4, 3H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 283.
Preparation of Oxalate of Cerium.-Cerium is a somewhat
rare metal which is not found in the free state. The chief source of
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. lGl
the metal is cerite, a hydrntcrl silicate of cerium containing also lnn-
thanum and didymium. The mineral is founcl only iu Sweden. Ce­
rium forms three classes of compouuds, viz.: cerous, eerie and ccroso­
ceric, the latter being probably n compound of the other two. The
only salt of cerium used in medicine is the oxalnlc.
f'.reparation.-To prepare cerium oxalate, there must be first ob­
tained a cerous snlt, free from l:rntham1111 ancl didymium. The oxidl)
may be used. Dissolve the oxide in hydrochloric acid, ncnrly nC'11trnl­
ize the solution without allowing any pt•rn1n11cnt prccipitnte to form,
add sodium acetate and sodi11111 hypochlorilc in cxcc�s, nncl hoil for
some time; lnnthn11u111 and didy111i11m rcmnin in snlution nnd eerie
oxide is precipitated. The eerie oxide is to he dissolved in sulphuric
acid, and by boiling with sodium hypnsulphitc is reduced to ccrous sul­
phate. From this the oxalate mny be precipitaiccl by ammonium
oxalate or oxalic acid; the precipitate is to be well wnshcd with water,
Eressed between folds of bibulous paper and dried n.t a hcnt not greater
than 25 ° C. (77 ° F.).
Properties.-Cerous oxnlntc is n white powder insoluble in water
and oxalic acid, it dissolves in a lnrgc nmount of hydrochloric and in
sulpht'tric acid. ·when strongly heated it leaves a blnck powder which
takes fire in the air and burns till it is converted into yellow eerie
oxide.
Tests.-Its solutions ·in ncicl shoulrl not effervesce (absence of car­
bonates), nor when trcntcd with hydrog<'n fmlphidc should they give
any precipitate (absence of heavy metals). When cfo:soh·ed in boiling
potassium hydrate, the gJlution should show no precipitate if treated
with ammonium chloride in excess (nh�cncc of aluminium). A solu­
tion of the salt, when trcnted with cnlciurn eh loridc or cnlcium sul-
•
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Thc pure oxalate of
,cerium is prcpm·ed by trituration, ns directed under Class VIL
CERVUS BRAZILICUS.
Synonym, Ccrv11s Cn111pcstri�.
Class, Mammtdia.
Order, Artiodactyla.
Family, Cervinn.
Common Names, Brn1.ilinn Stng. Gunzouti.
This stag, whose form is extremely fine a11d graceful, inhabits the
forests of ·Brazil. Its ·si:r.c is about the �:unc as that of our stng. Its
akin, the color of which never changes, is of a brownish-fallow, bci11g
rather lighter towards the nbdomcn, t.he posterior part of the thighs
and the tail. The inferior surface of the lower jaw, the part ahoYc and
below the eyes, the interior of the cars nncl the nbclomcn arc white; n
black.line encircles the jaws nod gradually di�appcnrs nn<lcr the lower
one. The eyes of the gunzouti nrc black, it has no canine teeth; its
month, which is very slender, tapers to a muzzle. The horns which, in
8V01;' case, are not very high and extrcrr\cly regular, arc at first
11
162 HOMffiOPATUIC Pl-lARMACEU'l'lCS.
straight; they curve forward in the second year, send forth three
:intlcrs, the anterior being placed nbout two inches above the burr,
which is turned a little inward, :u1d the other two at the superior :md ·
posterior part of the staff The horns become larger ns they �row
older, hut the number ,,f autlcrs remains the same.
Introduced into our Matcri:t l\fcdic:t by Dr. Mure, of Brazil.
Preparation.-A s11mll piece of' the fresh hide with the hair uu, is
trituratcd as directed under Class IX.
CHAMOMILLA.
Synonyms, Chamomilla Vulg:tris. Matricaria Chamomilla, I.Ann.
Nat. Ord., Co111positai.
Common Names, Common Chamomile. Corn Fever-Few. Ger­
man Ghn1110111ilc.
This annua,I plant grows in uncultivntcd fields� :tmong wheat and
corn, especially in sandy regions, all over Europe.
Fro111 the fibrous root shoot up several stems, erect, striated, rnmose,
na kcd, from one to two foct long; the leaves arc sparse, the lower
double, the upper single, pinnate and dark green; the flowers are
numerous, white, with yellow disk nutl in corymbs; calyx hemispheri­
cal, imbricatcd, scariusc; the receptacle naked and conical ; the stems
arc swollen at the top, the covering scales tiled, blunt, great, skinny at
the 1nnrgin, whitish or brownish.
The co1111Hlln ch:u11omilc is frequently confounded \\'ith the Roman
chamomile, from which it is distinguished by its perennial stalk, its
challY receplaclc, its hollow peduncles, the green scales of the calyx,
and by its rays being mostly turner! in.
It 11':tS fir:-t proven hy I-Ial111cn1nnn.
Preparation.-The whole fresh plant, when in flower, is chopped
and pounded to :t fine pulp, enclosed in a piece of new linen and
s11hjectctl to pressure. The expressed juice is then, by brisk agitation,
mingled ll'ith nu equal part by weight of alcohol. The mixture is
allowed to stand cigh t clays in a well-stoppered bott.le, in a dark, cool
pine<\ and then filtered.
Drng poll'er of tincture t
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clasi1 I.
CHELIDONIUM.
Synonym:,, Chelidouium Majus, Linn. Papavcr Corniculatum
Lut('Un1.
Nat. Ord., Pnpnvernce::c.
Common Names, Celandine. Tetter-"\Vort.
This perennial plant grows nil over Germany, ns well as in F ra nce,
in waslc places, olcl walls, hedges, borders of highway�, 1wnr hnhita•
Lions; the root is fusiform, of the thickness of a finger, rc<lclish­
hrown wit.hout, yellowish within, containing, ns do all pnrts of the
plaul., an acrid, yellow juice; stem ramosc, hairy, one to two feet high; .
HOMffiOPA'l'IIIC PHARMACEUTICS. 163
leav<>.s thin, winged, pinnntifid, bluish-green bencat,h, bright green
above; flowers yellow, axillary, or tcn11iual; pr<lnn('lcs in umbels;
· umbel simple, of four or five rays; calyx cadu,·c,,u::: and two-lcn,·cd;
corolln of four peu1ls; petals ligulatc, thrrads united with the anthers,
imitating petals; siliquc polysp<!l'lllous, unilocnlar, linear, thin.
It wns first proven by ll�hncni.11111.
Preparation.-Thc f'rcsh plant is chopped and pounded to II pulp,
enclosed in a piece uf new linen and subjected to prc�s11rc. The
expressed juioc is then, hy brisk 11gitntio11, niiuglcd with an equal pnrt
by weight of alcohol. This mix.t11rc is allowed to stand eight days in
a dark, cool place nod then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, �.
Dilutious must he prepared as directed under Class I.
CHELONE
Synonyms, Cheloue Glabra, Linn. Chclone Alba.
Nat. Oi:d., Scrophulariacc::c.
Common Names, Bnlmony. Snnkc-Hend. Turtle-Head.
This is a com1110n perennial herbaceous plant, found in wet situa­
tions throughout the Unitcrl Stntes. Its s111ootl1, upright, branching
stem rises to a foot or two in height. Lca\'Cs wry �hnrt-pctiolcd, lan­
ceolatc or lance-oblong, pointed, of vnryi11g width. Flowers arc
large, white, rose-color<"cl or p11rplr. 11rarly Sl'�silc in �pikrs or el11s­
ters, and close I y in1brical ed wit Ii ro111ul-ov:1 te con ea vc hrncls and
bractlcts. Calyx of fi,·e distinct imbricated sepal�. Corolla inflated,
tubular, with the mouth a little o )en; the upper lip broad and arched,
j
keeled in the middle, notched at t 1e apex; the lower woolly-bearded in
the throat, three-lobed nt the apex, the lllidcllc Johe smallc;,t. Sta11w11s
four, with woolly !·ilamcuL<; am! very woolly hcart-1,haJ•cd a111 her1<; mHI a
fifth sterile filament sm:illcr thnn the others. Seeds many, wi11.(!•lllar­
gined. The shnpc of the flowers, resembling the head of a s11:1ke or
tortoise, has given the comrnuu name to this plant. Flowers from
July to .Septcmbcr.
Preparation.-Thc fr esh plant is pounclccl to n pulp a11d 11·eighcd.
Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, the pulp mixed
thoroughly with one-sixth pnrt of it, am! the rC"st. of the nlcohol nddcd.
After stirring the whole well, nnd pouring it into a wPll-st.oppercd
bottle, it is allowerl to stnnd eight days in a ilark, conl pince. The
tincture is then separated hy decanting, strnini11g and filtcriug.
Drug power of tincture, i.
Dilutions must be prepared as dircctecl under Class III.
CHENOPODIUM A NTHELMINTICUM, Linn.
Synonyms, Ambrina Anthelmi11tica. Cina Americana.
Nat. Ord., Chenopodiacc::c.
Common Name, iVormseed.
.A. perennial plant, indigenous to tropicitl America, but 11nt11rnlized
164 HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
in the United States. Stern two lo five feet high, nngulnr or furrO\rcd,
erecL nnd branching. Lenvcs oblong-lnnecolatc, glnndular, deeply
�crratc, and Lhc lower ones at Limes nlrnost lanciniate-pinnntifid.
Flowers smnll,grccnish, in long, lcnflcss,spikcd panicles. It is usu:,lly
found in waste placr.q in the war111cr ortions of the United 1-;LaLcs. Jt
flowers from July to September. f "he whole plnnt hns 1111 oflcnsirn
yet. �lightly :1rom:1tic odur.
J'rorcd hy Dr. ,fo:tnl•�, U. S.
Preparation.-Thc fresh hcrh, in flower, is chopped and poull(lcd
Lo :t pulp nml wcigh<>1l. Thc•n t'll·o parts by weight of' nlcolwl am
taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with 011c-sixt,h part of' it, nnd the
rest of' the :,lcohol added. Aller stirring the whole well, and pourinl,!
it into a well-stoppered boUlc, it is al lowed to stnnd eight dn.ys in a
dark, cool pince. The tincture is then separated by decanting, strain­
inl,! and filtering.
Drug power of' tincture, L
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
CHENOPODIUM BOTRYS, Lin11.
Nat. Ord., Chcnopodiacc:-c.
Common Names, ,Jerusalem Onie Feather Gcrnnium.
This vnricty is indigenous to Europe, but nnturnlizcd to n slight
extent in North America. It is gl:rndular-pubescent, lcnvcs oblong
sinuatc-pinnatifid, flowers greenish, in leafless eymose racemes. The
odor is nromatic.
Preparation.-Thc fresh herb is chopped and pounded ton. pulp
and weighed. Then two pnrts hy weight of alcohol arc taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of' the
alcohol acldcd. After stirring the whole well, and pouring it into
n well-stoppered hottlc, it is allowed to stand eight dnys in n. dark,
<>ool place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straiuing and
filt<>ring.
Drug power of tinctnrc, ,\.
l>ilutio11s must be prcpnrcrl ns directed under Class III.
CHENOPODIUM GLAUCUM, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Chcnopocliace::c.
Common Name, Oak-leaved Gooscfoot.
This plnnt is indigcn'ous to Europe, where it is commonly found
g1·owing 011 rubbish, dung-heaps, or near stagnnnt, filthy water. IL also
f!r<>WS in North America, though rarely, along the streets of towns.
11, is n. low J)lnnt, stem from one foot to one foot and a half high, now
cn'('t, now decumbcnt, is o�cn striped red and white-green, nngular
and naked. Lenses sinuatcly pinnntifid-toothcd, oblong, obtuse, pale
gn•l'n :thovc, nnd lighter, ns if <lustccl with meal, hcncatl1. The llowcr­
r:tl·en1e:· stand in the axils and at the end, consisting of green, clcnscly
accumu1:ttc florets without pediecls. Seeds &harp-edged, often vertical.
Fl01ycrs J,ppcar from lntc su111mcr through a11t1111m.
HOM<EOPATflIC PHARMACEUTICS. 165
Preparation.-Thc fresh herb ancl the flower, freed from an nphis
living upon it, is chopped anti pounded to a pulp nnd weighed. Then two
parts by weight of n.lcohol arc taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with
one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol a<ldccl. After �tirrino­
thc whole well, and pouring it into a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowc�
to starnl eight d:tys in n. dark, cool place. The tincture is then scpn­
rntccl by clccnnting. St.mining anrl filtering.
Drug power of linctnrc, ,\.
Dilutions niust be prepared as directed under Class III.
CHIMAPHILA.
Synonyms, Chimnphiln. Umbcllatn, Nuttall. Chimnphiln Corym-
bosn, P.1trsh. Pyrola U111bcllatn, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Ericacc:u.
Common Names, Pipsis.�cwn. Prince's Pine.
A small, pcrcnni:tl evergreen plant, hnvino- a long running root­
stock, from which arise several short !'terns. Leaves weclgc-lnnccolatc,
sharply serrate, thick, IC'athr.ry, green and shining. Flowers,with petals
flesh-colorcd and a11thers violet, nrc in tcrmi11nl, pcdunclcd rorymbs.
The plnnt is !'mall, and is found growing in the U11itcd Stntes nnd
Cnnnda, in dry woods. The flowers n.ppcar in June and ,July.
The drug was introduced into our Materin Mcdica by Dr. S. A.
Jones, U.S.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plnnt in flower is choppcrl and pounded
to a pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc tnken,
the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of
the alcohol nrlded. Aller stirri11g the whole well, n11d pouring it into
a well-stoppered lmttlc, it is allowed to stand eight days in a dark, cool
pince. The tincture is then separated hy dccauting, straining 1111cl filter­
ing.
Amount of drug power, L
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
CHINA.
Synonyms, China R<>gia. Ci11chonn Cn.lisaya, Weddell.
Nat. Ord., Ruhincc:'!.
Common Names, Calisnyn Bark. Yellow Cinchonn. Yellow
.Peruvian Barie
The genus Cinchona is a member of' the tribe Ci11chonere, of the or­
der Rubia.cece. The tribe con�ists of shrubs or trees, with opposite
leaves, two-celled ovnry, enpsulnr fruit and numerous mi11ute seeds.
The genus Oinchona is recognized by its deciduous i:Lipulcs, tcrminnl
pnnicles of flowers, calyx sup<>rior, fi,·c-toothed, corolla tuhular, fivc­
lobed, with fringed margins. The corolla possesses n. faint, ngrccnhle
odor, and in color is rosy, purplish or "·hitc. The ei11chnnas arc ever­
green, with fine-veined lcn vcs having a strong midrib. The petiole is
sometimes as long 11s the leaf, and n.t times colorcd red. The lenves
are ovate, obovatc, or 11carly circ11liu·, but in some species lnnccolnte,

16G HOMCEOPA'l'HIC 1'11ARMACEU'l'I<:S.
r'.ucly cordnte, always entire and generally glabrous. The species of
1 ·111chona resemble each other so m ch that their definition is not easy.
_ �
Bentham_ and Hoo _ �er, m_ 1873, estunatcd the number of the species as
about th1rty-s1x. The cmchonns arc natives of South Amcric·t he­
�wee!1 10 N. latitudc _ and 2� S. Jatituclc, nnd arc found always 'grow-
° 0
111� 111 the 1�ountawous regions, the average altitude of their habitat
bemg from oOO� to 809� feet above the sea. The bark is the portion
of the tree used m med1c111e, aml the most val11able kind is from (). Cali­
-�aya, fi: tall, stately tree growing in Bolivia and Southeastern Peru, nt
an nl�1tude of _ from 5000 t� 60�0 feet above the scn-lcYel. CaliR aya
ba1 :k 1s �ound m C?mmcrce lll d1ffcr?nt shapes, depe11ding upon 111odifi­
? nt10ns_ m the drymg process to winch the bark is subjected after be­
mg_ stnpl?e� from the tree: It conies in quills or in Hat pieces. Quill
calisnyn 1s JU tubes three-fourths to one and one-half inches thick, often
rolled up at both edges, forming d�11blc quills. The quills vary in
le11gth. �, hey nre_ ah:ays covered with a rugged, thick, corky layer,
marked with l_ong!tuc)mal an�l trnnsvcrs? cracks. This layer is easily
:letac!rnd, leavmg 1� 1mprcsswn on the c111namo11-brown middle layer.
The mner surface 1s dark brown and fibrous. The fracture is short
and fibr� us. Flat calisaya _ occurs in irregular flat pieces, often a foot
or more m length, sometimes from three to four inches wide and from
?nc-fif'th to two-fifths of an inch th(ck. It is without the corky covering,
�s_ of a 1:usty orange-brown color, with dark stains on the outer side. The
nrne_r _side ha� a wavy, fine fibrous texture. The )dud prescribed in
!ncd1cme pr�v10us to the use of' quinine and for a long time aftcrward,
1s the pale_ cm ?hona bark, k�10wn as Loxa bark, and is chiefly afforded
l�y C. offic1(mlis. · It comes m quills only, which arc often double am!
tro1� one-e1ghtl1_ to th!·ee-fourths inches in ·diameter. Their lcngtl t
;'�nes �reatly, f om an me!!, or even less, �o, occasionally, twclve inches.
r
ll�e thinnest Loxa bark 1s about as tlllck as writing paper, and the
thickest about one-tenth of an inch.
The �lrug has� special _ inter�t ns being the one with which Hahnc-
111nnn hrst cxpenmentcd 111 provmg medicines.
Preparation,-T!1e cb·i�d bark is coarsely powdered and weighed.
,l'hen
�ve pa1:ts by weight of alcohol are poured over it, and having put
the m_1xture mto a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to remain eight
clays m a dark, cool place, shaking it twice a day. The tincture is
then poured of!: strnincrl and filtered.
D!·ug _ power of tincture, Tir·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
Triturations are prepared from the powdered bark, as directed under
Class VII.
CHININUM ARSENICUM.
Synonym, Arsenate of Quinia. Chininum Arsenicicum. Quini re
Arscnins.
Common Name, Arsenate of Quinine.
Formula, (C 20 H 24 N 2 0 2)3 As H 3 0 4, 2H 2 0.
HO!l!CEOP A'l'ltIC PllARl\l ACEU'l'ICS. 1G7
Preparation of Arsenate of Quinia.-It is obtained in long
prisms hy saturating a solution of arsenic acid with quiuin.
Properties and Tests.-It crystallizes in long, white prisms, is
freely soluble in hot water and in alcohol, hut sparingly soluble in cold
wnt�r. The aqueous solution gives no precipitate with chloride of
barium, but "·ith nitrate of silver a brick-red precipitate is produced.
,vhcn treated first with solutio11 of chlorine and nflerwarcls with nm­
mnni:1, n splendid f'IIIC'rn Id-green color is produced.
Proven hy Dr. .l\1 uhr, (lcnna11y.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Arscnate of quinia 1s
prepared by trituration, as directed u11dcr Class VII.
CHININUM MURIATICUM.
Synonyms, Chininum Hydrochloricum. l\1uriate of Quinia.
Quinirc llydrochloras.
Common Names, IIyclro-chlorntc of Quinine.
Formula, C 20 11 24 N 2 0 2, JICI, 2H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 89G.5.
Preparation of Muriate of Quinia.-By dissolving pure quinia
in warm dilute hydrochloric acid unto ucutralization. The solution is
to be evaporated at a tc111pcmturc not exceeding 30 ° C. (86 ° F.) and
the crystals collected.
Properties and Tests.-Jt crystallizes in colorlc�s needles of' a
silky appcarnncc, aggre�atccl in stars. They arc neutral in reaction
or faintly n.llrnlinc, without odol' and of n. very bitter taste. They
are soluble in about thirty parts of cold nnd in two to three of boiling
water, in three of' alcohol aud in nine of chloroform; (the sulphate is
not soluble iu chloroform). Heated on platinum foil it bums, leav­
ing 110 residue. Bn.rium chloride solution should give no precipitate
with it (absence of sulphn.tc).
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The pure muriate of
quinin. is prepare<! hy triturntion, as directed uu<lcr Class VII.
CHININUM PURUM.
Synonym, Q11i11ia.
Common Name, Pure Quinine.
Formula, C 20 Jj 24 N 2 0 2.
Molecular Weight, 824.
Preparation.-Thc nlkaloid quinia is obtaincll by treating a- cold
solutiou of its sulplrntc ,rith sodium carbonate unto neutralization,
washing the precipitate with cold water aud dryiug it at a temperature
not exceeding 25 °
C. (77 °
F.).
Properties.--So prcparcll, quini:t is a. light, snow-white, flocky_
powder, without odor, possessing a \'cry bitter taste and an nlkalme
reaction. It consists of microscopic prismatic crystals. It n�ny b�
obtained in beautiful slender needles by the very slow evaporat10n of
an ammoniacal solution. By heating it melts, and ou cooling becomes
lGS HOM<EOPATHIC PBARMACJWTICS.
a colorless, friable, amorphous mass. It is soluble in 364 parts of cold
and in 200 of' boiling water, and is readily soluble iu alcohol, ether
aud chloroform.
Tests.-A characteristic test for quinin. is ns follows: Ouc parl, of
qninin. is lo be rubbed up with 200 pnrls of chlorine water and then
treated with 25 parts of caustic n.mmouia. A dark green, resin-like
precipitate is produced (thallcfochin) which is insol11blc in wate1·, ether
mtcl carhnn disulphidt•; by ,Iilute 1tcids it is di)<snlvccl with a brown
color, but 11pon trcatrncut again with n.lkn.li it rcprecipitalt'i' unchanged.
Quini:t nmy be ad11lterntcd with quinidin, cinchnnia nnd cincho11icli1t.
'l'o del,crminc such sophisticatio11 mix one part of preeipitutcd ,prinia
i11 a mortar with half its weight of a111ntc>11iu111 s11lphak, then add li\·e
pnrtR of water and evaporate to dryness over n water-bath. To -the
residue, aft,er complete cooling, is added ten pnrts by weight of cold
waler aud the 111ixt11rc thoroughly rubbed up for about n minute.
After stauding for half nu hour the rubbing up is to he repented aml
the whole thrown upon n, filter. The process, from the beginning to
the end, must be conducted at the snme tempernture, bctwecu 1/i 0 and
17 ° C. (50 ° -62.6 ° F.). Then to five parts of the filtrate, in n. test-tube,
arc to be added seven .parts of' ammonia water whose specific gravity is
at 1 :,° C. (59 ° F.) 0.960. This amount of ammonia water is based on
the assumption that the processes arc coucluctcd at 15 ° C.; if' the tc111-
pornture be higher n. greater quantity of the alkali must be used, viz. at
16 ° 0., H parts, at 18 ° 0., 8¼ parts. The mixture in the test-tu be is
to he gently a,gitatc<l for ii. minute, whereupon if the precipitated
quinia. was completely pure the mixture remains perf9ctly clenr, while
the presence of cvc11 minute quantities of quinidin, ciuchonia. or cin­
chonidin. gives rise to a readily perceptible turbidity.
Preparation for rJomceopathic Use.-Thc pure quinia. is pre­
pared hy trituratiou, ns directed under Glass VIL
CHININUM SULPHURICUM.
Synonyms, Disulphatc or Busic Sulphate of Quiuia. Quiui:u
S11lplrns. H11lphate of< �11i11ia. Sulphus ciuinic11s.
Common Name, Sulplmtc of (�uiuino.
:r-
Formula, (C20 11 24 2 0 2)2 H 2 S0 2, 7II 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 872.
Preparation of Sulphate of Quinia.-AII methods of extract­
ing the alkaloids from cinchona barks consist iu treating the bark wi! h
dilute acid and prccipitntiug the allmloids from the acid extract by
moa11s of lime or of sodium carbonate. The bark reduced to powder
is boiled for nu hour or less with eight or ten times its weight of' wnter
ncidulated with twenty-five per cont. of hydrochloric acicl, the decoc­
tion strniuod through a cloth and the residue boiled a second and some­
times n, third time, with more nnd more dilute ncicl till the mare ,is
completely exhausted. The extracts after cooling arc mixed with a
slight excess of milk of lime, added by smnll portions, t.o precipitate
the alkal?ids together wi.th the coloring mllttcr. The precipitate is left
HOMCEOI' A'l'HIC I' llAHl\IACl•:U'J'lCS. 169
to drain and submitted to a gradually increasing pre..c:.sure, the liquids
which run off bcin� collected in a single vessel; they yield after a.
while a fresh deposit. Tlro pressed cairn is now dried and macerated
with nlcohol in n. closed vo.c:.scl heated over a water-bath. The strength
of the alcohol used depends upou the quality of the bnrk un'der trcat-
111ont; for calisaya. bark alcohol of scveut.y-fivc to eighty per cent. is
s11flicicntly strong; hut barks which contain it smaller proportion of
qui11i:t require alcohol \lf' eighty-live to ninety per cent., since cinchonia
is much less soloblc in weak alcohol than is quinia. ·when the bark
(•1111lains more quinitt t.h:111 cinchonia I.Ire alcoliolic cxtrnct is trPalcd
with dilute sulphuric acid in cxce..<:S nnd the alcohol rceovcrcd by dis­
tillation. The greater part of the quinia sulphate then soparatcs in n.
crystn.llinc mass, tire rest, together with ciucho11i:t sulphnlc, rc111ai11i11g
in the mothl•r liquor. Sucli11m carbonate is n. better precipitant thau
lime for the alkaloids, bcca11so they arc slightly soluble in lime-water
nrt<l calcium chloride. Quiniit sulphate is made in large amount by the
rna11ufi1ct11ri11g chc111ist, and it is advised to not prepare it iu the phnr-
111accutical la.born Lory.
Ollici11al sulphate of ,quinia is in very white loose masses of fine,
silky, flexible needles. They arc without odor and have a per111a11011tly
and cxtre111cly bitter taste. They arc soluble in fron1 7/iO to 800 parts
or water ttt n1ediu111 tompornt11res, in from 2:3 to 30 of' hoili11g water,
in(;:; of 90 per cent. alcohol, in 120 of dilute alcohol, $lig-htly in ether
and not at 1111 in clrloroform. The solulio11s arc neutral in reactio11. 111
water to which an acid has boon added, the salt is easily soluble; in
dilute sulphuric acid the solution is fluorcsco11t with a hluo tint. Upon
('Xpos11rc to the air, the salt efllorcsccs; by heating it becomes phos­
plrorcscc11I, and at 120 ° 0. (2-18 ° F.) it loses all of its water of erys­
Lallizntio11
Tests.-Thc p11rity of sulphate of quinine may be dclcrr11incd by
the following tests: lt dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid without
eflcrvcscence, and the Folt1tio11 remains clear a11d colorless. One part
of I.he sail should dif<solve in JOO parls or ahsolutc alcohol, forruing it
tr:wsparcnt nnd col,,rlcss sol11Lion, and this solution, whe11 treated with
n11 C'lunl a111ou11t of' l'f her, slrouId re111ai11 clear. One gr:111111,c of" Lire salt
selected from it large quantity is to be heated i11 a porcelniu dish upon
the water-hath for about twelve hours. In that time the amount of
water driven off from the salt should he uoither lllorc nor loss thnn 14
per cent. of the original weight· taken, so that, in the case giYcn, the
residue will weigh .RG g1:n1111110. \\1 hcu heated upon platinum foil,
it should first carbonize nnd then burn \l'ithout leaving nuy residue
(absence of fixed impurities). The above tests will serve to determine
the purity of the salt. For its identificatiou, the test �iven in the article
Chininum, mny be used. In addit.ion, if treated with chlorine water
and then with pot:aesium forro-cyanidc and finally with ammonill, a
deep red color is produced.
The drug was first proved by Dr. Piper, Ocrmnny.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The pure sulphate of
quiuia is prepared by triturntion, as directed under Clnss VIL
170 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
CHINOIDIN.
Synonyms, Amorphous Quinia. Quinoidinc ..
Preparation of Chinoidin.-Chinoidin is n, mixture of several
allmloidal bodies, some of which exist in the chinchonn bark and others
arc· dccompositi�n-products r<:5ultin_g fron:i the chcmicrd_ and phy�i� nl
influences to which the bark 1s subJcctc<l 1u the cxtrnct1011 of qumrn.
The chief constituents of chinoidin 1ire amorphous qninidia, chiuclroni­
<lia, cinchonia, chiniciu and cinchonicin. It is obtained from the
mother liquor left after the extraction of the sulphate of quinia, by
precipitating with an alkali, washing and drying.
Properties.-Chinoidin is a dark brown, brittle mass, glisteniug­
rrsinous in appearance, and breaking with a conchoidnl fracture. It
is without odor, and to the taste is only slightly bitter, but when dis­
solved in alcohol or dilute acids, the bitterness of the solution is ex­
treme; it is more or less soluble in ether. The alcoholic solution is
alkaline to test-pa.per. Its solution in boiling water is colorlcss, but
upon cooling shows a white turbidity.
Tests.-Whcn incinerated upon platinum foil, only a very snmll
amount of ash should rcrnaiu. When dissolved in dilute acid and then
precipitatq d . by ammonium hydrate, the "'.eight �f . the washed and
drictl prcc1p1tate should a.bout equal that of the or1g111al amount used
in the test.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Ouc part by weight of
chinoidin arc dissoh-cd in nine parts by weight of U5 per cent. alco­
hol.
Drug power of tincture, i�-
Dilutions must be prepare<! as directed under Class VI-ri.
Trituratious arc prepared of pure chinoidii:i as directed under Class
VIL
CHIONANTHUS VIRGINICA, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Olcacc:-c.
Common Nan1es, Fringe-Tree. Snow-flower.
Chiomuithus Virginica is a low tree or shrub, found growing on
river banks in Southern Pennsylvania and southward. Its leaves are
oval, oblong, or obovate-lanceolate; its snow-white flowers are on
s1ender pediccls; the fruit is a drupe, purple, ovoid, six to eight lines
long. The flowers, appearing in June, have petals on.c inch long,
narrowly linear, acute, varying to five or six in number, which are
barely united at the base. Calyx four-parted, very small, persistent,
stamens two (rarely three or four), on the very base of the corolla,
very short. Stigma notched.
Proven by Dr. Scudder, U. S.
Preparation.-The frc.'3h bark is chopped, pounded to a pulp and
weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, the pulp
mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol
added.. After stirring ti1e whole well, and pouring it into n well-stop­
pered ).Jottle, it is allowed to stand eight days in a dark, cool place.
The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining nnd filtering.
JIOl\liliUl'A'l'HlC PIIAlDfACEUTICS. 171
Amount of drug power,}.
Dilutiuus must be prepared as directed under Glass III.
CHLORAL UM.
Synonyms, Chloral Hydrate. Chlornl Hydras. Chloralum Hy-
<lrntum Crystallisatum.
Common Names, Chlornl. Hydrate of Chloral.
Formula, C 2 l lC1 3 0, H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 165.5.
Formation and Preparation of Hydrate of Chloral.-When
�lry chlorine gas is pn�sed into alcohol absolutely water-free, the chlor­
me abstracts hydrogen from the alcohol and aldehyde is formed. The
following equation shows the action: C 2 H 6 0 + Cl 2 = C 2 H O +
(HCl) 2 • The pas.sage of chlorine still continuing, the aldehydeiyiclds
three m �rc atoms of hydro�en, their pince beini; taken by three atoms
of chlormc and the result 1s chloral; the reaction may be outlined as
!ollows_ (C_2 �-I 4 0) +_(Cl 2 )0 = (C 2 H _Cl 3 0) 3 + (H CI) 0 , although
111 re�lity 1t 1s not as Sllnplc as the equation would show, for a secondary
react1�11 takes place b �twce!1. the �lcohol anrl the chlorine by which
water 1s formecl, and tl11s u111t111g with the chloral produces chloral hy­
drate : Chlo1:al hydrate is 111ade �n a large scale ?Y the manufacturing
chemist, and III cn111111crcc the article cnn be readily obtained in.a state
of unrloubtcd purity.
Pure chl,'.rnl hydrnlc is in dry, colorlcss, trnn!<parcnt, rhomboidal
crystals hav111g an aromatic,
_ sum ?what pungcnt
_ odor and n di�ngrcc­
able, sommdrnt caui;l1c taste. It 1s soluble 111 one and a half pnrts of
water. It di��olvci; in nlcohol, ether, carbon di�ttlphidc and l )( 'nzol.
I-Icntcd to 58 ° C. (1!1G.4 F.), it melts to a clear colorlcss fluid which,
upou cooling to 30 ° C. (86 ° F.) begins to crystallize, and if further
cooled becmncs a solid, white, crystalline 111nss. At 94 ° C. (201.2°
F.) it begins to hoil nnd is dissipated without decomposition. At
onlinary temperatures it volatilizes slightly, and when e.xposcd to a
damp atmosphere it attracts moisture. Its watery solution undergoes
gradual dccompo1-ition from the separation of hydrochloric ncid.
'When treated with caustic alkali it is decomposed into chloroform and
a formate of the alkali.
Tests.-Thc impurity most to be feared in chlornl hydrate is
chloral n,Jcnholntc, nn intermediate compounrl formed <luring the pro­
cess of manufacture. Pure chloral hydrate should dissolve readily in
water with no separation out of oily di-ops, thus showing that the
specimen is neither chloral alcoholate nor a mixture ,rith the same.
The hydrate dissolves without chauging its form, while the nlcoholntc
is transformed into an oily-looking fluid before dissolving. The sol t1 -
tion in dilute alcohol should not give any turbidity with silver nitrate,
nor should it exhibit an acid reaction. The watery solution, however,
has an acid reaction. The hydratc shoulcl not become damp in thc nir;
if so, it indicates the presence of sulphuric acid. Heated in a silver
spoon over the alcohol flame it melts but docs not take fire even if the

172 HOM<EOPATHIO PHARMACEUTICS.
�nme is brough� q�ite clos_e to it; and it finally dissipates completely.
rhe alcoholnte 1gmtes easily under the above test, mul httrm1 with n
yellow _sooty flnm:. A cold W!3-tery solution of t.he hydrnte will not
clecolor1ze a solution of potnssmm pernumgannte until nf\er n l01111
time; otherwise the alcoholnte or other orgnnic impurity is prl'scnt. ,:,
It wns proven by Dr. W. Eggert, U. R.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-One pnrt hy weight of
pure chloral hydrate is dissolved in nine parts by weight of alcohol
Amount of' drug power, 1\J.
Dilutions must Im prepared ns directed under Ulnss VI-a.
CHLOROFORM UM.
Common Name, Chloroform.
Formula, CH Cl 3 •
�olecular Weight, 119.5.
Origin and Preparation of Chloroform.-As was stated in the
article Chloralum, thnt body is decomposed by a caustic alkali into
chloroform and a formate; if', then, the process for making chloral he
modified by the presence of a caustic alkali, chloroform and a formate
will be the result. Such indeed is prn.ctically the mode in which
chloroform is made on. a large scale, the formate of the alkali being,
however, decomposed mto carbonate subsequently in the process. It
is prepared by distilling one part of alcohol with six parts of chlorMe
of lime and twcuty-fhur ,:.arts of water, until about one and a half
part.'! have come .over. fhe distillate consists chiefly of chloroform
nn<l al�ohol wi�h some wntcr, nnd scpn.rates into two layers, the heavier
one bemg chloroform. The upper, aqueous layer is syphoned off
and the chloroform is agitated with sulphuric acid to remove certain
volatile oils which hnv� distilled over; ns soon n..q the two liquicls
separate the chloroform 1s drawn off and rectified by re<listillation till
it hn.q a constant boiling point of 61 ° C. (142 ° F.).
Properties.-Chloroform is n thin colorless liquid of neutral rrnc­
tiou mul having n peculiar, agreeable, ethereal odor. Its vapor when
i!1lu1;lccl makes the i�prcssion of sweetness upon the sense of tnstc; the
hqmd when tnken m the mouth has n. burning, sweetish taste. Its
BJ?, gr. at 0 ° .C. (32° F.) is 1.�25, and i� vapor-density is 4.20. It is
�hfficult � kmdl� and burns ,y1tl� a _greemsh flame. It dissolves slightly
m water, 1mpartmg to that hqmd its own sweet taste. It mixes in all
proportions with· alcohol, from which mixture it is partially precipi­
tated by water. It dissolves readily in ether and is quite insoluble in
sulphuric acid. It dissolves phosphorus, sulphur, iodine and mnny of
the alkaloids and their salts. Its specific gravity at 15° C. ( 59° F.)
is, according to Biltz, 1.502, but the addition of one-half per cent. of
nlcohol reduces the specific gravity at 15.2 ° C. (59.4° F.) to 1.49::36,
aml if one per cent. ·of alcohol be added the specific gravity becomes
1.485. Pure chloroform under the influence of light suffers decom­
position, but the addition of one-half per cent. of alcohol prevents such
change.,
. �
HOMCEOPATIUC PHARMACIWTICS. 173
., Tests.-In addition to the specific gravity ns given above and the
physical properties there enumerntcrl, chloroform, if' pure, shoulcl evap­
orate without residue, mul whm1 slmklm with half its volume of pure
coucentrnted sulphuric ncid shottltl impnrt no color to the lnttcr even
nftcr stancling for twcnt.y-four hours. 'l'o determine whether a pure
chloroform hns undergone pnrtinl decomposition n specimen of it is to
ho shaken with three vo]umc.c; of wnt.er, ancl the latter tested with lit­
mus and with silver nit.rnte solution; in ncithl�r cnse if it be unnlterecl
should any ch�mge ho ohservnhlc.
It wns proven by Lembke, in Germany.
Preparation for Internal Use.-Ono pnrt hy weight of pure
chloroform is dissolved in nine pnrts by weight of alcohol.
Amount of drug power, T"rr•
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class VI-a.
CHLORUM.
Synonym, Chlorinum.
Common Name, Chlorine.
Symbol, Cl.
Atomic Weight, 35.5.
Chlorine is one of the elements, hut <loes not exist free in nnture.
It occurs in saline springs and in scn-wnter in combination with sodium,
magnesium, potassium and calcium, nnd in the solid form there are
founcl in the cnrth vnst deposits of soclinm chloride or common snlt.
Preparation.-Chlorine is produced when n chloride is decomposed
by an acid in the presence of some body whose attraction for the hydro­
gen of the ncicl is greater than thnt of chlorine. Inorgnnic bodies
which easily pnrt with their oxygen are used for this •purpose. Hy­
cirochloric acicl nnd granulnte<l manganese dioxide when ·heated to­
gether give off chlorine rendily; th<� rmctinn is shown by the following
equation: (H Cl) 4 + :Mn 0 2 = :Mn Cl 2 + (H 9 0) 2 + C1 9 • The
gns is ohtnine<l more continuously when a mixture of two equivalents
of sodium chloriclc, two of sulphuric ncicl nncl one of numgnnl'sc dioxide
are hentecl together in a flnsk. The rcnctiou is exhibited as follows:
+
(Nn Ulh + (Hi;0 4 ) 2 l\fn 0 2 == Mn 80 4 + Na 2H0 4 + (H 2 0) 9
+ Cl 2 • The process is conducted as follows: the makrinls are plnced
in a flnsk standing in a sand-bath over n gns furnace. 'fhe cork of'
the fln.�k is provided with a snfcty-tuhe ns ,vell as a delivery-tube.
From the delivery-tube pnsses a bent gln� tube which is carried nearly
to the bottom of' a long bottle containing a few inches of strong sul­
phuric acid through which the gns bubbles as it comes over nnd hy
which it is rendered dry. From the bottle it is brouj!ht. hy another tube
to a long receiver where it simply accumulates by its specific gravity,
displacing the air; or if chlorine wnter he needed the gas is led into n
partially closed receiver containing cold distilled wnter. The sntura­
tion of the water with the gns will be known by closing the bottle or
receiver tightly and agitating it; until saturation is effected a partial
vacuum is produced by the shaking.
174 HOMCEOPATBIC PHARMACEUTICS. HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 17fi

Properties.-Chlorine is a yellowish-green gns pos.�cssing n peen 1inr
suffocating odor nnd an nstringent tnstc. It is whoJly irrcApir:i h1e.
Its specific grn.vity is 2.46. At 11 ° C. (61.8 ° F.), one volume of' wntcr
dissolves nearly three volumes of the gns. This solution is known as
chlorine water and has essentially the properties of the gas. Chlorine
water is a greenish-yellow, transparent liquid, which upon exposure to
light begins to undergo decomposition, hydrochloric acid and <>xygen
being produced.
Chlorine decomposes mnuy orgnnic mn.tters by its strong nffiuity for
hydrogen, nnd secondarily, by the oxidizing power of the oxygen
1ihcrn.te<l nt the same time; these fnct.c; explain its powerful action ns
n hlmtching ngcnt and its strong disinfecting propertws.
Tests.-As it should only be used for hom,�opnthic prcpnrnf.ions
when absolutely fresh, it is not necessary to offer nny tests of its purity.
If the gas have been made from hydrochloric acid some of the latter
may have come over in the process. A small portion of the chlorine
water may be shaken with mercury in excess as long as the odor of
ehlorine can be detected, when if hydrochloric ncid be present blue
litmus paper will be reddened by the liquid which remains.
It wns first proven by Dr. Hering.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The freshly prepared
chlorine water, according to above formula, contains about three per
cent . of chlorine gas; we tnkc one part of it by weight and mix it with
two parts by weight of distilled water.
Amount of drug power, T!u•
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class V-/i.
CICUTA.
Synonyms, Cicuta Virosn,. I.ann. Cicuta Aquatica.
Nat. Ord., Umbelliferro.
Common Names, Cow-bane. ,vnter-hemlock. ,vater-parsnip.
This perennial plant inhabits the horclcrs of ditches and rivulets,
swamps, meadows, ponds, Inkes, etc., all over Germnn)· aml the north
nncl west of F,r:mce; the root is thick, white, fl<',shy, elongated, trnns­
pnrent, hairy and hol1ow; its bark contains a yel1ow juice; its
oclor is strong nnd clisngreeahle, its tnstc acrid and caustic; stern
straight, from one to two feet high, ramose, fistulous, glnbrous, strintc,1 ;
letw<'.s compound, bi- or trificl with 1nnceolnt.c, incised-serrate lenfl<'ts;
umbels loose, naked; involuce]s three or five-rnyed; flowers white,
uniform; fruit ovoid, furrowed, ten-ribbe(l. 'fhe whole plant is very
ti;;�, mingled with nn equal pnr� by weight of alcohol. Th? mixturc
_
js allowed to stand eight days m a well-stoppered bottle, m a dark,
c'lol plncc, and then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, !. . ·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
CIMEX LECTULARIUS.
Class, Inscctn.
Order, Hctcroptcra.
Family, Cimicidro.
Common Name, Beel-Bug.
'l'his irnmct is too well known to require a description.
It wns first proved by Dr. ,Vnhlc, Germ:my. .
Preparation.-'l'he live .insect, crushed, is . covere� with five parts
by weight of alcohol. Hnvmg pO'�tre� the nuxt.ure mto a well-stop­
pered hottJc, it i� nllowccl to rema_m eight . days m a dark, cool p�ace,
being shnkcn twice a day. The tmcture 1s then poured off, stramcd
nncl iiltcrccl.
Amount of drug power, i-rr•
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
CIMICIFUGA.
Synonyms, Actrea Racemosa, J.J'inn. Cimicifuga Racemosa, Elliott.
::Macrot.ys Hncemmm.
Nat. Ord., Hmmnculaccro.
Common Names Black Snake Root. Bugbanc. .
An indigenous pcrer;ninl, whose stem is fhm1 thre� to eight feet h1�h.
The root is a knotted root-stock. Leave� Jnrge, b1ficl or tr1�d, "'!th
ovate leaflets hnving inciscd-scrrnte edges. Flowers small, ,�lute, with
four to eight petnls, minute and on _claws. Ha�emes t�rmmnl, long
and wand-like. 'fhc fruit is an ovmcl pod, sessile, hnvmg mnny fint
seeds. The p1nnt. flo�,·e� in ,Tune n!1cl ,July. . .
Preparation.-'lhc fresh root 1s poundecl to a pulp nnc� ,,e1ghccl.
Then two pnrtc;; hy weight of al.cohol nre taken, t�c pulp nnxcd thor­
oughly with onc-f-lixth pnrt of 1t, nnd _the _rc�t of the alcohol ndclccl.
After stirring the whole well, and pourmg 1t mto a well-stoppered �>Ot­
tle, it is allowed to stand eight �ln.ys in _a _dark, cool pl_ncc. The tmc­
ture is then scparn.tccl hy <lecantmg, strammg nncl filtermg.
Drug power of tincture, t.. .
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
"1

poisonous, proving fatal to most animals which feed upor. it, though it
1s said to be eaten with impunity by goats and sheep. Several i11-
stances arc on record of children who have died from eating the root in CINA.
mistake for .parsnip. Synonyms, Absinthium Santonica. Artemisia Cina, Berg. Ar­
First proved by Hnlrnemann. temisia Contra.
Preparation.-'fhc fresh root of the plant just coming into bloom Nat. Ord., Compositre.
is chopped nncl pounded to a fine pulp, enclosed in a piece of new linen Common Names, European ,vormseed. Levant ,vormseed.
and subjected to pressure. The expressed juice is then, by brisk n.gita- Tartarian Southernwood.
 TICS.
PHARMACEU
noM<EOPATRlC
17G worm·
ht to m arke
t under th e nam e " n1ixc< 1
dru g broug
t nt t e lop fl wers,
HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 17?
It is known of the un d ev
on sis t of seed, bu t differe nt species of
h h e ed o

seed" dors not c the i nvol nc rc l\nd the pedicels of as Semen Ci,we the res ult s of the rea cti on ' and the t es t is t hen extreme!Y d e 1c11te and r
w it h the sca s of sor t bro g s
. We prefer t he ng, g reen-yellow clmr nc teristic.
le u ht u

the genus artemisia ers; it consists of sm all, o vate-obl o age, whos e en· .
. -TIle pure sulphate of
oth
Levanticro to a ll i ng darker an d mor e b rownish by es. They ltnve . Prepara t oi n for H o � ceo pat h1 c Use
cmc ho nia is prep are d by tntu ration ' as a·. nccted under Class VII
l\nwerhcad s, be com ight recumbent, ovate, shining s cal t like t\mt of
,·dope is l\,r 111cd of ts, 1wn111ati<: m\o r, whi ch is so mew ha CINNABARIS.
:1 pt•(:11\i:tr, 1 1a
11seo u c te.
1 d a ro ugh , lon
thsomc, hitt rish tas .
ca m phor , cma un . Prope r Name M_crc ur1_c Sulphide.
en by llahn d , is covcrc<I
1n
Ci n(I. W:t!' first prov Thc d ric<I flower,
conrsely p owdere 1 l eig ht <l1ty s
an 1-r'
Sy nonym·s, Ydrargy n Sulphurctum Rubrum. Mcrcuriu s Sul ­
Preparatio n . - and 11\lo wcd o t
w eight ol' alcoho l, g shake n twice a p hu mtus Rubcr.
t s
..
wil h (ivc p(l.r ts by bottle, in ll <l1t rk, coo l place, b ein lcrcd. Co mmon Names, Verm1h ou. Red Sulp hide of Merc ury. Cin-
i n :t wc\1-s t op pc ff, str n.inccl an d li nabnr.
e is then poured o
rcd l

<l ay. The tincturtincture, -frJ· Fo rmula' Hig s.

Drni.; pow er of ed un d er Class IV.
pr ep ar ed ns dir cl:t •M o 1e cular Weight232
.
D ilutions must be Pr�paratio n o f c{n nabar.-Mercuri c sul h "d ti

SULPHU'�UCU
M. stat e is the c hief s .
/t
ic 1
� �l � •�ietal m_ef�u\; itob:��ne�� l�
�;�io
CINCHONINUM \)�: di !Y prepar�cf1�1�ffi f ' y u umng a n mtimate mix · ture of six
0f m ercury an d n? o sulp hur, and reducing th' p roduct t o v ery
ni:.-c Su l phas. P . �
S ynonym, C incho Sulphate of Cinch o uia. fi ne p owde • is n� nscd to us e n pur e
r • • It' mcrcml ar ti cle r nthe r
N a m e,
Co mmon 0) 2, 11 2 S0 4, 3H 2 O
. than pre e t J tdhe phnrmaceuticnl lnbora��;Y·
J
C H 24 N 2 .
F o r m ul a , (
t he mother• Prop J;;e i � a n Test s -1\I crcun• c sulphide co mes 1 comm er ce
U
ght,768
0
cular Wei
•
n honia.-Fromine, c inchonia as a fme p owder of a b:;·11:mnt s cnrlct-rcd color, the ril � ! 11n o f the
2
Mole e of C i c
b
of S ul p hat q
Preparation of sulphate of tin t _ depending in so� e e e up on the fineness of th P�''�e r. I�
cryst:i\ li 1.ation o ut portions till the
uin

li1uor left after the ng solution of so da in su ccessive aini ng alkalo ids,
add i r
is obtnined by slig htly ovcr-n eutr:.li1.ed. The e
m other-liquor is ia, arc t,hus precipitated n,nd ar e t residue is t o be
includin g cincho n cold wat er n,ud dried. The dried o l, thus removing
fi lter , wnsheJ with es with sm all amou nt.'> of cold al co ;so\vC(l in eig ht nr
s�ec1fic gr avity is 7 7"' -h�rc I e t hat of' �he n ative sulp/d · 1 e_ is 8 . It is
m .
o b e thrown o n a without o dor or tns�. \;pon _! 1entmg, it becomes cl k_er m _ colo r nnd
finally black but up o ? co_olmg ngain i t r ecove r�' ts bright hue.
Heated out of contnc� wit h �)r to a low red heat, it .sub.l �,m es unchn ng cd
without pr evious . . ft1 s1011. I i h eated thus in l d�- � ��ibn� ,� ith the
h

w11shccl sever al timThe remaining portion i s to b e (1i, 1 1eutrnli1.cd with

other nlk aloids. t of wtiter, the mixture h(){l.tc d, then i pitate, i f there
gh
flame of bur 1
tal)ic m er cui�;: �,���fi1��• f?;:'.ning _sulphuron/�!i n d J. c1a t111g m e­
o a 'izcs witho u t residue �·r tl ic a 1_t1� le be pure.
ten times its w ei ncid, nncl allowed to sta nd till a p d th e w ho le hoile(I, It is n ot decom scll by a)kal inc sol utions ·b ut �i ro-murmt1c a cid cl is-
rec

,1i\ute sulphuric nally, animnl ch nr coa l is nd clcd nn e. Th e cry stnls s olves it with th� �eparnt1o n of sulph ur. , TI h 1 e 0{ anf rc si_due
be any, s ettles. Fiand the li ltratc set 11s ide to cry stall iz per. after its vol tT·z io i J°° lnti n um foil, will sl:�,� i: �?re er om from iron
liltcrecl while hot, , drnined nnd 1lried wit h b ib ulous pa ger trn11Hp11rcnt oxide, red ��� � '. 11c ; caff chr omate which a � scd . n s _n d ulternnts.
a rc to be collectepha d lar
te is in sm
1ill, hnrd, whit,e, or n rc soluble in sixty Arse n ic and ony_ may be <letc'ctcd by �;�t w1tl 1 it warm
C c on tL s a . Th y alkaline s olu;i���1mi n g, and after acidification mf cs��mg
ving a v ery bitter t p er cent. alco· ' tlie fi ltrat e
i ul e

obliqu e pr ism s, h a cJium temperatures, in five of n inetyof chlorol'urm; �

in h e
with hy dr ogen su.'lpf i1��
st

m rty 11 e JU the usual way

pttrl>\ o f water at ol, and in t
e-h alf of hot al coh Cinnabar was m troducecl mto . the IIomreopathic Materia l\'Iccr,ea by
hi

hol , in one and on ether. lo rine wn ter

nnrl , H ah ni}mann. .
in
Lhcy a r c ins ol uble ate of cinchonia wl1cn treat ed with ch ciochin reaction Preparation for H o m th1c Ue s .-
l The pure cinnabar is
Tests.-Sulp h not giv e the thall prep�red by trituratio n, as d �;l �
c u nder C nss VIL
ustic ammonia docs 11y nuo re scence.
:Lftcrw a rd with ca doe s its solut ion in water sh o w 11 acid or nearly
n or fr e
as does quiu ia, s alt, free from
o n of a cinchonine the w hol e g ently
e
C1NNAMOMUM.
· W he n to a s olu t i um ferro-cyanide in e xce..<::S, ·and cy nnicle in bril­
so, is add ed p o nssi cin chon inc
fc ro-
ates out on cooling, ently 11i:r ang
cd in n;i:nym ,s Cinnam omu m Zeyl anic um, 1.vees.
u Laur tl s mnamo- · c·
t r

heatc(\, there separ scales or in long n eedl es, freqn ed in e x amining m u� ' .u•nn.
l in nt golde n-y llow roscope i n e d
The 1,id of the mic Nat. o rd., Laurace::e.
e s e

th e sh�pe of' a fan. Co mmon. Na�e, c·mnnmon.

0. Zeylanicuni is a small ev ergre en tree with a pro fiuse foliage of
178 HOMCEOPATIIIU PHARMACEU'rICS.
beautiful shining leaves, somewhat glaucous beneath. Its flowers 11.ro
greenish, in pnniclcs, and possess a disngrceable
_ o�or. _The tree is a
1mtive of Ceylon, where it grows at vary111g elevatwns m the fures1;5.
The bark is used in medicine, and the best varieties come from a stnp
of country twelve to fiflcen miles broad, ou the south-west coast of Cey-
lon, in the region of Colombo. . .
Description.-Ccylon cinnamon of th? finest q11al_1ty �0111� 111
sticks nbout three feet in length 11;ncl three-ei ghths of an m�h 111 �l11ck­
ncss. The sticks arc made up of tubular pieces of hark, rnge111om:ly
nrrnu"'cd
0 one within the other so as to form nn cve11 rod of �ornc firm-
11css. 'J'hc sticks arc somewhat flattcncd-cylindric:d in outli11c. The
bark it.•clf' is extremely thin, often less than Th· of :111 inch thick. It
hns a dull surface or light brown color, and upon i� lhintly _ 111:tr),cd
waves iu·c noticeable, as well as scars and holrs 011tlrn111g the p01nts
of' insertion of leaves nnd twi1,rs. The inner surfhcc ol' the h:trk is of a
_ mto blon111 arc chopped and pounded to a pulp, cncloscrl in a piece of
darker hue. Cinnamon has a peculinr nncl agreeable ndor, nrnl an
nµ;rccahlc, sweet,, pungent, nronmtic taste.
Preparation.-The Ceylon cinnamon hark is conrsely powtlercf!,
nnrl covered with five parts hy _w�ight of nlcohol. . II:t�·ing po11rc_d 1t
into a well-stoppered hottle, it 1s allowed to remnrn CJght diLys 111 a
clark, cool place, shaking it twice a day. The tincture is then poured
oil; strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, T1o- ·
Dilutions must be prepared us directed under Class IV.
CISTUS.
Synonyms, Cistus Canadcnse, Linn. Hclianthcmum Canadcuse,
J,Jichaiix. Hctcromcris Canaclcnse.
Nat. Ord., Cistacc:-c.
Common Names, Frost ·wort. Holly Rose. Rock Rose.
A perennial herbaceous plant, found growing in all pnrts of the
Unitecl States. It has a stc1t1 at first simple, leaves lanccolatc, about
an inch long, simple and entire. The primary or earlier flowers arc
large, yellow, and solit�ry. •1:hc scc'.mdiu·y or btc1; one� arc sm'.d�,
axillary and nearly �cssilc, at t:mcs w1th ,
_ _ ?ut pct.als. Ihc l<1rgc flo,��1s
nnrl stem, hairy-pubescent., ,Ihe fruit 1s a onc:cellcd capsule. I(1e
pl:rnt gets its popu.lar name from the fact . tlmt 1n late a:ut1!11111 mo1s­
t.urc i!"sucs fro1t1 the cracks in the bark near the root HJl(l 1;; found con-
gealed into ice-crystnls in the early morning. . . .
This rcmedv was introduced into our .i\fat�rm J\fcfl1ca hy Dr. Hcr111g.
Preparat(on.-Thc fresh plant in I-lower is ch�>ppcd and pounded
to a pulp nnd weighed. Then two_ parts hy weight of n_lcohol are
taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of 1t nncl �he
rest of the alcohol added. After stirring the whole �veil: a11Cl po111:111g
it into a. well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to remnrn c1gh� days 11! a
<lark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by dccant111g, stram­
ing and filtering.
Amount of drug power,¼.
DilutU)ns must be prepared ns directed under Clnss III.
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 179
CLEMATIS.
Synonyms, Clematis Erecta, Linn. Flammula Jovis.
Nat. Ord., I�am111culacc:c.
Common Name, Upright Virgin's Bower.
In Ccntrnl and 1--:\out.hcrn Europe this plant is to he found on sunny
hills, among bushes and on the sides of forests. The . tem is three to four
feet high, erect, hollo11", striped and smooth, has pinnate-cleft leaves
the incisio11s o( whi('h 011 the base arc conlatc or ol'atc, pointed nuri
entire. Flowers, 111ullipartilc cymes, the sepals oblong-spatulatc, naked,
having at t,hc 111argi11 on the outer side hair-like clown; petnls white,
four. The fresh plant has fL pungent acridity, irritating the nose nud
blistering the tongue when chewed.
1t was first proven hy J-Iahuc111nnn, aided by Stnpf and others.
Prepara tion.-Thc fresh leaves nnd stems of the plant just coming
.
new linen and submitted to pressure. The expressed juice is then
by brisk ngitntiun, mingled with an equal pnrt by weight of alcohol'.
This mixture is allowed to st:rn<l eight days in a dark, cool pince, and
then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, ½.
Dilutions 111ust be prepared ns directed under Class I.
CLEMATIS VIRGINIANA, Linn.
Synonyms, Clc111atis Conlata. Clematis Purshii.
Nat. Ord., Ra111111culacc:c.
Common Name, Co111111011 Virgin's Bower.
This is an i11cligl'11ous cli111hcr, growing on river-banks, climbing
over shrnhs. Ste111s arc �month. Lcm·es 11·ith three O\'ntc acute
lcnllcts, which arc dc<'ply incised and somewhat r·ordatc nt the bn�c;
tails of the fruit plumose. The axillary perlunclcs bear clusters of
numerous white flowers; the fertile ones �ucceedecl in autumn by the
conspicuous fonthcry tails or the fruit. Flowers appear in July nnd
August.
Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves arc chopped nncl pounder! 10 a
pulp nnd weighed. Then t.wo parts by weight of alcohol are titken,
the pulp mixed thornughly with one-sixth part u!' it, and the rest of
the alcohol added. Alter stirring t.hc whole well, iuur it. i11to a well­
stoppered butt.le and let ii, sta11d eight days in a dar\ ,, cool place. The
tincture is then separated by dccauting, straining and filtering. ·
Drug power of tiucture, i.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
CLEMATIS VITALBA, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Ranunculacc::c.
Common Names, Old Mnn's Beard. Traveller's Joy.
This is a climbing under-shrub growiug in hedges and thickets,
most common on chalky soil, in Europe, from Holland southward,
·1so HOMCEOPATHIO PHARMACEUTICS.
Northern Africa and Westem Asia. Leaflets two to tlir� inches long,
ovate-cordate, entire, toothed or lobed; petioles persistent when twin­
ing. Flowers one inch in diameter, odorous, greenish-white. Sepals
four, pubescent. Achenia hairy; awns one inch, feathery. Flowers
appear in July and August.
Preparation.-The fresh leaves are chopped and pounded to a
pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol are taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one�sixth part of it, and the rest of the
alcohol added. After stirring the whole well, it is poured into a well­
stoppered bottle, and allowed to stand ei�ht days in a dark, cool place.
The tincture is then separated by decantmg, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, !.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
COBALTUM M,ETALLICUM.
Common Names, Cobalt. Metallic Cobalt.
Symbol, Co.
Atomic Weight, 58.8.
Cobalt is a metal not very abundant in nature; it exists in the free
state only in meteorites. It is found in combination in the minerals
cobaltite, lnnaltite and erythrite, all arsenical compounds. It is also
found associated with nickel.
Preparation.-Cobalt is a steel-gray metal having a tinge of red.
It is hard, granular in fracture and brittle, but at a red heat it becomes
"mnlleable; its specific gravity is about 8.8. In masses it tarnishes
upon exposure to moist. air, and at a red heat it oxidizes. It is dis­
solved slowly by h�·drochloric and sulphuric acids; nitric acid dis­
solves it ren<lily. For homooopathic use the metal is obtained in the
spongy form by reducing the chloride, by passing through its solution
a current of pure hydrogen.
Tests.-The precipitated metal is to be dissolved in hydrochloric
ndd; the- 1mlntion is of n light red color, and by evaporating it the
color changes townrd the end of the operation to blue. The metal
may be contnminnted with nickel or the salts of the metal may contain
arsenic. On dissolving the metal in hydrochloric acid and adding
potassium cyanide a brownish-white precipitate of cobaltous cyanide
occurs, which dissolves easily in an excess of the precipitant, from
which solution it cannot be again precipitated by acids. If nickel be
present the addition of hydrogen chloride to the solution of the cyanide
· precipitated as above stated produces the separation of a greenish,
nickelous-cobalti-cyanide. Arsenic, if present in a salt of cobalt, may
he detected by dissolving, acidifyin� with HCI and treating with H i S,
when the well known yellow sulphide of arsenic will fall.
Cohn.It was introduced into the Homooopathic Mnteria Modica by
Dr. Hering.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The pure metal is pre­
pared by trituration, as directed under Class VII.
HOMCEOPATHW PHARMACEUTICS. 181
COCA.
Synonyms, Erythroxylon Coca, Lamarck. Hayo. Ipadu.
Nat. Ord., Linem (sub-order, Erythroxylere).
Common Name, Uocn.
E. Coca is n shrub about four feet in height, indigenous to Peru and
Bolivia, where it. iH cultivn.te«l, ns it is also in some partH of Brazil nnd
other parts of' 8out.h Amcricn.. The leaves nre the parts used in nwdi­
cine ; their nvemgc length is about two inches, and their greatest
breadth is about one inch; they are ovate or obovnte, sometimes obtuse,
often enmrginntc, glabrous. 'fhe upper surface is dirty-green, the
under is paler. The midrib is prominent, and 011 each side of it,
about n <pmrt.cr of an inch from its central point, is n curved line
extending from bnse to apex. The portion of the leaf between the
two curved Jines is distinctly darker in color than the rest, as may be
seen hy examining the leaf by transmitted light but in very young
leaves this chnrnctcristic is somewhat difficult to recognize. Their odor
is weakly nromntic, nn<l their tnste is somewhat warm, hitter nnd
aromatic. The leaves are sun-dried for use, but they Jose their virtues
in great part upon prolonged exposure to the air. After a year's
keeping they should be rejected.
It wns first proven under Dr. Clotar l\Hi.ller's direction, in Germany.
Preparation.-The dried leaves, coarsely powdered, nre covered
with five pnrt.s by weight of nlcohol, nnd n.1lowcd to remain eight days
in a wcll-stoppcrecl bottle, in a dark, cool plnce, nnd shaken twice a
day. The tmct.ure is then poured off, strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, ia •
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss IV.
COCCI NELLA.
Synonyms, Chrysomela Septempunctata, Linn. Coccinella Sep-
tempunctnta.
Class, Im-1cct.a.
Order, Colcopt.ern..
Family, Coccincllidro.
Common Names, Lncly-Bird. Lady-Cow. Sun-Chafer.
This is a very we11 known nnd widely spread insect., living on veget­
ables in gardens nnd fields. Its head and thorax are black, flnt, under­
body and feet black, wing-she11s arched, oval, red or ornnge-yellow,
with black dots, mmally seven in number, of unc,prn1 size, the wings
nearly as long ngnin ns the body. ,vhen touched with the hnn<l there
issues from the joints of the feet a thickish juice, yellow like gnmboge.
It was provei1 by Dr. Clnussnitzer, Germnny.
P_reparation.-The live insects, co11ected in the month of ,June, are
pounded to a pulp and covered with five pnrts by weight of nlcohol.
Having poured the mixture into a well-stoppered bottle, it is nJlowed
to remain eight dnys in a dnrk, cool pince, nnd shaken twico a day.
The tincture is then poured off, strained nnd filtered.
Drug power of tincture, lTI•
Dilutions must be r.repnrcd ns directed under Class IV.
182 HO.MlliOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
COCCULUS.
Sy'nonyms, A.nnmirta Cocculus, Wight and Arnott. Cocculus In-
dicus. Menispermum Cocculus, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Menispermncero.
Common Name, India Berries.
A. Cocculus is n. strong climbing shrub found in the eastern pnrts of'
the Indinn Peuinsuln, in Eastern Bengal and in the l\foln.y Islnrnls.
'l'hc fruit, a purple drupe, is used in medicine, and when remoyed
fro!11 the stalk and dried, hns the appearance of a smnll, round berry.
It 1s nbout ns lnrgc m, n. pen, somewhat oval or nearly rcniform, with
a blnckish, wrinkled, dry pericnrp, covering a thin, woody endocnrp
within ,d,ich is n. single reniform kernel or seed. The seed is bittc;
nnd oily. '.L'hc drug is preferred when of dark color, free from stalks.
fr.esh nnd with the seeds evidently well preserved.
The dmg wns first proved hy Hahncmnnn.
Preparation.-'l'hc dried fruit, coarsely powdered, is covered with
five parts by weight of alcohol, poured into a well-stoppered hott.le,
and nllowml to remain eight days nt n moderate temperature in a dnrk
pla�e, being �haken twice a day. The tincture is then poured off�
strnmecl nrnl filtered.
Drug power of tincture, n•
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class IV.
COCCUS CACTI, Linn.
Synonym, Coccine11a Indica.
Class, Insect.'\.
Order, Hcmiptcra.
Family, Coccidre.
Common Name, Cochineal.
The cochineal insect is a true hemipterous cicada; it is a native of
Mexico, but is found in the West and Enst Indies, as well ns in Spnin
:mcl Javn.
The nmlc insect is reel, small, gnat-like, more active and lc8.'J
bulky than the female. The female is larger than the male, of oval
form with thorax and back convex, without wings, body transversely
strintc1l mul of n. dark red color. The back is covered with a white
down. After fecundation the females enlarge greatly, and nttnch
themscln�s to the cnct.us plnnts and die; the eggs mature within the
,lcncl pnrent nnd the young soon emerge. The latter arc a1lowc<l to
grow till the females are fecundnted, when, with the exception of n few
left for breeding, they are brushed off the plants, killed by hot water
nnd sun-dried.
It wns proven by Dr. ,vachtel and other Austrian provers.
Preparation.-The dried insects, previously cleansed hy a�itation
with tepid water, arc coarsely powdered, and then covcrccl w1th fivu
parts by weight of alcohol; having poured the whole into a well-stop­
pered bottle, it is allowed to remain fourteen days in a dark, cool pince,
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 183
and shaken twice a day. The tincture is then poured off, strained and
filtered.
Drug power of tincture, 1\,.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
CODEINUM.
Synonyms, Codein. C0<leinc. Coclcin.
Formula, _C 18 H 21 N0 3 •
Codeine is one of the alkaloids existing in opium.
Preparation.-Tn t.he prnCC'$S of extracting morphia from opium
(sec article .1\forphinum ), the hy,lrochloratcs of both morphia and
codeine are formed. They arc separated by treating their solution
with ammonia which precipitates the greater pnrt of the morphia,
leaving the codeine in solution. The filtrate is evaporated over the
wnter-hnth to expel the excess of ammonia, the morphine snlt remaining
in the so]ution hci11g nt the Hnnrn time prccipitntml; after filtering, the
saline solution is concentrated nml precipitated by potnssium hydrnte,
and the precipitnte of' coclcinc is washed, dried nn<l redissolved in ether
whence it is clepositcd in crystals.
Properties.-Codcinc crystallizes from anhydrous ether in small
anhydrous rcct.:mg11lnr oet.olw<lrons, truncated and modificcl in various
ways. It dissoh·es in water more readily than docs morphine, espe­
cially if the water he boiling, requiring eighty parts of water at medium
temperatures nnd seventeen nt 100° U. (212° F.). ,vhen hented with
a quantity of wnter insufficient to dissolve it, it melts to an oily mnss
which remains at the bottom of the liquid. It dissolves ensily in
alcohol nml hydrated ether, less readily in anhydrous ether. It is
insoluble in potash solution. Codeine is a strong hnse, restoring the
blue color to reddened litmus paper, and precipitating the snlt.'3 of lend,
iron, copper, nickel, etc. Its salts are generally crystnlliznhlc and of a
very bitter taste. From water or hydrated ether it crystallizes in large
rhombic prisms.
Tests.-It is indifferent to ferric chloride nncl to iodic ncid, and
thus is distinguii;;hed from morphine. When dissolved in concentrated
sulphuric acid it forms a nearly colorlcss solution, but if' n. trncc of
ferric chloride be ndcled a hlue or violet colorntion occurs. '!'rented
with Frohcle's reagent, which is made hy dissolving 0.01 grnmme of
molybdatc of sodium in 10 CC. of concentrated sulphuric ncid, nnd
prepared freshly when needed, n grecm color first appcarf;, floon followed
by blue, and after Rome hourR drnnging to yullow. Commerdnl ernl<!ine
may contain morphia, and the drug is said to be uot i11fre<1m•11tly so­
phisticated with sugar and gum arabic. Morphia or its salts mny be
detected by their insolubility in ether nncl their behavior when treated
with ferric chloride; the presence of sugnr will be known by the greater
solubility of the specimen in wnt�r and by its smaller solubility ·in
alcohol. Gum nmbic mny be detected by the brown color of the solu­
tion in concentrated sulphuric acid.
It was first proved by Dr. E. E. Marcy, United States.
184 HOMCEOPATHIC PHAR?t!ACEUTICS.
Preparation.-The pure codeia is preparc<l by triturntion ns di.
rcctecl under Class VII.
COFFEA.
Synonyms, Coffen. Arn.bica, Linn. Cotrea Cruda.
Nat. Ord., Rubiacero.
Common Name, Coffee.
This well known, univcrsnlly spread, and important article of t.rnde
requires no pnrticulur description. For medicinal use we select the sort
sold under the surname Levantic (Mocha benns), consisting of small,
more roundish than flat, not very dark, yellowish-gray-grccn beans;
and having a peculiar, strong smell of coffee.
It wns proved by Hahnemann.
Preparation.-One part of' the· best unroasted coffee-benns is
conrsely powdered in an iron mortar, moderately heated, and macerated
eight days with six parts of strong alcohol, and then filtered. The
residuum is then boiled down in a gln.ss retort with forty parts of dis­
tilled wutcr, so far that its filtmte and the alcoholic extract mixed
together make ten parts by weight.
Drug power of tincture, irJ •
Dilutions.-This tincture is potentized according to Class IV, with
regard to strength, but the 2x and 3x and 1 dilutions, must be pre­
pared with dilute alcohol.
COLCHICUM.
Synonym, Colchicum Autumnale, Linn.
Nat. Ord., l\folanthncero.
Common Names, Colchicum. lVIeadow Saffron. Naked Lady.
This perennial plant grows in many districts of Germany, France
all(l the south4')f Europe, in meadows, where it flowers in autumn and
announces the beginning of winter. The root forms a bulb, of' the size
of' a pigeon's egg, round 011 one side and flat on the other, and fur­
nished with fibrous radicles at its base; naturally it is covered with
dark coats, of which the external one is brown, the inner shining und
of a clear color; in the fresh state it contains a milky juice of an acrid,
bitter tnste, and disagreeable odor. The flower rises in autumn im­
mediately from n lateral bulb which the bulb of the preceding year
hns produced, and which lms grown during winter and spring;· the
flowers are rose-colored, with long tubes, disappearing in a few days,
and are followed by leaves only in the following spring; the leaves nre
lnrge, flat, erect, spenr-shnped, about five inches long ancl orie inch
broad at the bnse, and come off with the capsules, which nre triangu­
lnr, scs.�ile, three-pointed; the seeds arc round, ovoid, wrinkled, nrnl
deep brown.
The first provings were by E. Stapf, Hahnemann, and others in Ger•
m:mv.
Pi-eparation.-The fresh bulb, gathered shortly before coming into
HOMCEOPATHIC PHAR:\IACEUTICS. 185
lilnom, is choprccl and pounded to n fine pulp, enclosed in n piece of
new linen mu suhjectccl to pr<!ssurc. The expressed j1.1icc is then,
hl. brisk agitation, minglecl with nn equn] part by weight of alcohol.
'Ihis mixture is allowed to stand eight clays in a well-stoppered bottle,
in a dark, cool place, nnd then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, ! .
. Dilutions must be prepared as directed· under Class I.
COLLINSON IA.
Synonym, Coilinsonia Canadensis, I.a1m.
Nat. Ord., Lnbintro.
Common Names, Horse-,Veecl. Knot-Root. Stone-Root.
This is an indigenous plant, found growing in rich, moist woods,
from Cannda to Florida, nnd west to Michigan. Root perennial,
knotty, depressed, very hard, with many slender fibres; stem smooth,
simple, round, straight, one to three feet high; leaves serrate, with
hrond teeth, pointed, long-petioled, only two or three pairs, these cor­
datc nt hnse, hroa<lly ovate, acmninntc, surface smooth, with smnll
veim;. Flowers opposite, on long peduncles, with short subulute
hrn.cteoles, forming n terminal leafless pnnicle with branched racemes.
Corolla two-thirds of nn inch long, yellow, tulm]nr at base, spreacling
nhove in two lips, upper lip very short and notched, lower lip fringed.
Stnmcns two, long, protmding, filnmcnts filifhrm, anther oval, style
protrmli11g. Seeds oJtcn abortive, only one ripening.
l'rovccl by Ur. Burt, U.S.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root, collected either in early spring or
late autumn, is choppccl aml rounclcrl to a pulp and weighed. Then
two parts by weight of' nlcoho arc taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly
with one-sixth pnrt of' it, nncl the rest of the alcohol added. After
stirring the whole well, it is poured into a well-stoppered hottle, nnd
allowed to stand eight <lays in a dark, cool place. The tincture is
then separated by decanting, straining and filtering.
Drug power of' tincture, !,
Dilutions must be J>repared as <lirected under Class III.
COLOCYNTHIS.
Synonyms, Citrullus Colocynthis, Scliradcr. Cucumis Colocyn-
this, Unn.
Nat. Ord., Cucurhitaccro.
Common Names, Bitter Cucumber. Colocynth.
The colocynth plant is slender, scnhro11�, hns a perennial root, and
grows in warm nnd dry regions of' the "rcstem H�misphere. It is
found in immemm 'Jtmntitics-in upper Egypt mu] Nuhin. The fruit is
a pepo, of the size and shape of n. small ornngc, hnvi11g n smooth,
marbled-green surfoce. It is usually peeled with n. knife nnd dried,
an<l is found in commerce ns a light, pit.hy, nearly white ball, consist­
ing of the dried internal pulp of the fruit with the seeds imbeddecl
186 HOM<EOP.A.THIC PHARMACEUTICS.
therein. The pulp is nearly inodorous, but has an intensely bitter
taste.
Colocynth _was introduce�} into o_ur Materia Mediea by Hahnemann.
Preparat1on.-The dried frmt, freed from the outer yellow rind
nnd seeds, is reduced to coarse powder and weighed. Then fivc parts
by weight of alcohol are poured upon it, and having been put into a
well-stoppered bottle, the mixture is allowed to remain eight days in a
dark, cool place, being shaken twice a day. The tincture is then
poured oH: strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, 11 .
0-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
COMOCLADIA DENTATA, Jacq.
Synonym, Gnao.
Nat. Ord., Anacardincere.
Common Names, Bastard Brazil ,vood. Tooth-leaved Maiclcn­
Plum.
This is a very common tree in the island of Cuba, where it is found
growing near the coast, luxuriating mostly on barren or stony soils.
It. is from six. to eight feet high, having beautiful dark green leaves,
with a browmsh border. The flowers are small, bluish-brown, in
clusters. The trunk and branches contain a milky fluid that turns
black on exposure to sunlight, discoloring the skin, linen, etc. A
superstition is entertained that death results from sleeping in its
shade.
Prel!aration.-The fresh bark is c�opped and pounded to a pulp
and weighed. Then two part.a by weight of alcohol are taken the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the
alcohol added. After stirring the whole well, and pouring it into a
well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight days in a dark, cool
pla.cc. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and fil-
tcrmg.
Amount of drug power, ,A-.
Dilutions must be prepnre<l as directed under Clnss III.
CONDURANGO.
Synonym, Gono]olms Cnnclurango, Triana.
Nat. Ord., Ascleph-ulaccro.
Common Name, Condor Plnnt.
W!mt _is known ns condm:ango is the bark of a climbing shrub
growmg m Ecuador at an altitude of froin 3000 to 5000 feet above the
sea-!evel. The bark comes in quills and in half-cylindrical pieces of
various lengths, ashy-gray in ciolor, having attached to it different
vn.rieties of lichen, forming greenish or dark-colored blotches. Its
fracture is fibrous, and the ends are studded with fine yellow points.
The taste of the dried bark is aromatic and bitter.
The drug )Vas proved by Dr. J.C. Burnett, England.
HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 187
Preparation.-The dried bark, coarsely powdered, is covered with
five parts by weight of alcohol, and allowed to remn.in eight <lays in a
well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, being shaken twice a day.
The tincture is then poured off, strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, iu- •
Dilutions must be prepn.rc<l as directed under Class IV.
Triturations are prepared from the dried hark finely powdered, as
directed under Class Vll.
CONIUM.
Synonyms, Conium Maculatum, Linn. Coriandrum Cicuta.
Nat. Ord., Umhc1liform.
Common Name, Spotted Hemlock. Poison Hemlock.
This plant is a native of Europe, but hns been naturalized in the
eastern portion of the United States, where it is found growing in wet
meadows an<l in waste grounds. The root is biennial, whitish nml
spindle-shaped. Stem herbaceous, round, hollow and marked with
purple-brown splashes or spots. Lower leaves tri-tcrnnte; the upper
ones bi-tcrnatc. Leaflets one to three inches long, finely serrate, deep
green above, paler beneath. Flowe1·s, small, white in compound ter­
minal umbels, with no involucrc, involucels of five or six short bracts.
Petals five, obcordate, with inflected points.
Conium wns first proven by Hahnemann.
Preparation.-The entire fresh pl:mt, root excepted, gathered
about the time the flowers begin to fade, is chopped and pounded to n
fine pulp, enclosed in a piece of new linen and subjected to pressure.
'fhc expressed juice is then, by brisk agitation, mingled with nn equnl
part by weight of' alcohol. This mixture is allowed to stand eight
days in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, and then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, ½.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
CONVALLARIA.
Synonym, Convnllaria l\fojn.lis, Linn.
Nat.Ord., Lilincero.
Common Name, Lily of the Valley.
A perennial herh, founcl in shady womls in the United Rtntes from
Virginia to Georgia, although cultivatecl farther north. It is found
also in Europe. The rhizome is creeping nncl slcrnlcr, nml from it
arises a slender scape bearing a one-sided raceme of snmll, elegnnt,
white, bell-shaped flowers. Leaves radical, two or at times three,
smooth and elliptical. Perianth of six united segments which are re­
curved. The flowers are sweet-scented and n.ppcar in :May.
Preparation.-The entire fresh plant, gathered when coming into
flower, is chopped and pounded to a fine pulp, enclosed in a piece of
new linen, and subjected to pressure. The expressed juice is then, by
brisk agitation, mingled with an equal part by weight of alcohol.

188 HO.MCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
This mixture is allowed to st.'lnd eight days in a well-stoppered bottle,
in n. dnrk, cool pince, and then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, L
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss I.
CONVOLVULUS.
Synonyms, Convolvulus Arvcnsis, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Convolvulncctc.
Common Name, Bindweed.
This perennin.l is very con1n1on in Europe, Asin., Africa., and
America, in fields, near I.he cunst.. Its low stern is procumhcnt or
twining ; leaves ovntc-oblong, saggitate, lobes a.t the hasc a.cute;
peduncles mostly onc-flowcrccl; bracts minute, remote; corolla white
01· Lingcd with red, about three-quarters of an inch long; calyx nakc<l
at the base; corolla infundibular or camp1mulate; stamens included;
style one; stigmas two, clonga.tcd, linca.r, ofLen rcvolutc. Pod t\\'o­
ccllcd; the cells two-seeded. Flowers in Junc.
Preparation.-Thc fresh hloorning plant, allowed to wit.her a lit.Lie
hcforc manipulation, is chopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed.
Then two parts by weight of' alcohol arc taken, the pulp mixed thor­
c111ghly with one-sixth part of ii,, all(l t,hc rest of the alcohol adrft.d.
Af'ter having stirred the 11·holc well, pour it into a well-stoppered bottle,
and let it stand eight days in a dark, cool place. The tincture is then
separated by decanting, stmining and /ilteriug.
Drng power of tincture, A.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
CONVOLVULUS DUARTINUS.
Synonyms, Ipomcca Bona Nox, Linn. Calonyct.ion Spcciosum,
De Candolle.
Nat. Ord., Convolvulaccrc.
Common Name, Morning Glory (not the common Moming Glory
which is L 7mrpnrea, Lam,,).
This is a clilllbing pl:1.nt, native of the \Vest Indies, but cultivated in
Arneril'a and Europe. lts leaves arc large, entire, conlate, altcrnntc,
on long- petioles, gcnernlly :irising from the axils of the flower-bearin."
br:mch<'s. Calyx ll'it.h fil'C unc<pml folioles, the three outer ones shnq�
Lhe tll'0 intH'r 01ws oya) and foliaceous. Corolla whit<', large, <'X­
p:mdi11g into fL large circ11la.r lilllh. 81:unens n\'e, nrlhering hy thPir
filaments to Lhe tuhc of the t·orolln. ll'hich is shorter than t,hc sla111e11�.
Ant hers linear, ac111ninaLc. The base of Lhe ovary is surro1111ded by a
gla11d11lar disk; i::t.ylc \'Cry long, filifi,nn, terminated hy a shaggy, hi­
lohale stigma; f' ruit with a coriaceous tegu111ent. ThC'rc are two or
tl1rce f111wcrs on the flow('l'-hearing pedicles; they rcsernhlc a trumpet
in shape, whence their Brazilian nallle, "hcrva tromhetta."
The drng was proven hy Dr. Manocl Duarle 1\lnreira, .13rnzil.
Prep<!ration.-Thc fresh flowers are pounder! to a pulp and
·� _p_.,. ________
HOMCEOl'ATflTC PHARMACEUTICS. 180
weighed. Then two parts hy weight of alcohol arc taken, the pulp
mixed thoro11ghly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol
added. After stirring the whole well, pour it into a well-stoppered
bottle, nnd let it stand eight clays in a dark, cool place. The tincture
is then separated by decanting, sLraining and filtering.
Drng power of tincture, �.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
COPAIBA OFFICINALIS.
Species' Name, Copaifcra Officinalis, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Lcgurninosrc.
Common Name, Balsam of Copaiha.
Balsam of copaib:L is the product of trees hclonging to the genus Co­
J>aifera, natives of t.hc warmer countries of South America. The best
known is C. o.flicinalis, a large tree found in the hot coast-region of
New Granada, Vencwela and Trinidad.
In order to collect the oleo-rcsin, holes are bored iT)to the wood of
the tree, whence it soon pours out. The secretion is very abundant,
nnd indeed it is stated on good authority, that occasionally in the un­
tapped trees, the oleo-rcsin collects in such quantit.y 11"ithin the numer­
m1s clucts,that, Lhe lrnnk is actually hurst as111uler.
Description.-Copaiba is a more or less viscid fluid, whose color
varies from pnlc yellow to light golden-brow11. It has a pcculinr aro­
matic odor which is not unpleasant, nnd n persistent, acrid, bitter tnstc.
Its specific gravity is between 0.9-l- nil(] 0.09. By keeping, it becomes
more viscid. \Vhcn the number of species of copaiba-bearing trees i�
considered, it will he seen that its composition nnd even its physical
propcrt.ics must vary; but a specimen may be considered pure if' it dis­
solve in se1·crnl times its weight of alcohol, specific gmvity, 0.830; if',
whcu treated with one-third it.c; own volume of ammonin, it gi1·e a
mixture perfectly trnnsparcnt, and if when its volatile oil is evaporated,
only :t hard resin rcrnnin (without any non-volatile oil). It should not
possess in nny degree the odor of turpentine.
Hahnematrn mentions the drug in his Frngrnentn, nnd under Testc,
in France, a. number of provings were made.
Preparation.-The balsam is dissolved in the proport.ion of one
part by weight, to ninety-nine pnrts by weight of' 95 per cent. nlcohol,
nncl designated mothcr-tintturc.
Drug power of tincture, r½ir ·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss VI-(3.
COPTIS.
Synonyms, Coptis Trifolia, Salisbm·y. Ucllebon1s Trifolius, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Rnnunculacerc.
Common Name, Gold-Thread.
This plant is n small evergreen, indigenous to the northern part of
North America, and indeed to the h ighcr latitudes of both hemispheres.
HJO HOMffiOPA'l'HlC PHARMACEU'£ICS
It:; root is pcrcnuial, creeping, of long, bright yellow fibres, whence the
common name of the pln.11t. From it arises a 11akccl, l"le11clcr, onc-flow­
cre<l scape, three to five inches high. The floll'crs nrc small, white,
having five to seven petals. Leaves ra<lical, glabrou,:, tcrnatcly di­
vided; leaflets of obovatc wedge form, obscurelythree-lobed, and sharply
<lentate. The plant is glabrous, without odor, au<l has a strongly bit­
ter taste. Flowers appear in May.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root is chopped and pounded lo a pulp
aud weighetl. Theu two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of' the
alcohol ad<led. After stirring the whole well, pour it i11to a wcll-stop­
pere<l bottle, and let it stan<l eight days in a dark, cool place. The
tiucture is then separated by decanting, straining and filtering.
Drug power of ti11cturc, Ii-.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
CORALLIUM RUBRUM.
Synonyms, Corallium Rubrum, Lamarck. Gorgonia Nobilis. Isis
Nobilis, Linn.
Class, Zoophytes.
Family, Gorgoniadc:c.
Common Name, Red Coral.
Reel coral is the skeleton of the coral zoophyte. In most instn11ccs
it branches i11to shrub-like forms. The variety we use is pi11kish-rccl
in color. The chemical coustitucnts are calcium carbonate, with a
trace of magnesium C','l,rbonate and n little more than four per cent. of
ferric oxide as coloring matter; there is also a small amouut of aui111al
matter.
The red coral was first proved by Dr. Attomyr, in Germany.
Preparation.-For homccopathic use the smaJI, brnnchy, striated
pieces, which often have a white calcareous covering, are reduced to a
fine powder, an<l trituratcd as directed under Class VIL
CORALLORHIZA ODONTORHIZA, Nuttall.
Synonym, Corallorhiza ·wistariaua, Conrad.
Nat. Ord., Orchidacc:u.
Common Name, Coral Root.
This plant is a parasite, of a light brown or purplish color, with
much branched, toothed, coral-like root-stocks; stem rnther slender,
bulbous, at the base, and f'rom six to sixtecu inches high, bearing from
six to twenty fiowers; pedicels rather slcuder; lip eutirc, or merely
denticulatc, thiu, broadly ovate or obovate, abruptly contraetcd into a
claw-like base, the lamcllrc a pair of short projections; the spur repre­
l
sented by a small cavity wholly aduatc to the summit of the ovary;
1od at first very acute at the base, at length short-oval, about f'onr lines
ong. Perianth about three lines long. Flowers small, lip whitish or
purplish, of'ten mottled with crimson, appear fr on1 May to July. The
plant is f!)und in rich woods, fro1il New York to Michigan, and espe­
cially so;.1thwar<l.
JIO:i\lffiOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 191
Preparation.-The fresh root is c�10pped_ and pounded to a pulp
and weighed. Then two _parts b)'. weight of a)cohol are taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of 1t, an<l the rest of tl�e
alcohol added. After having mixed the whole well together, pour 1t
into a well-stoppered botLlc, nncl let it stand cigh� days i1� � dark, cool
11lacc. The tincture is then separated by dccantmg, strnu11ug and fil­
tering.
Amount of drug power, ¼-
Dilutions must·bc prepared as directed under Class III.
CORNUS CIRCINATA, L'Hcrilier.
Synonyms, Cornus Rugosa. Cornus Tomentulosa.
Nat. Ord., Cornace:u.
Common Names, Corne!. Green Osier. Round-Lem·ed Dog­
wood. Swamp Sassafras.
A shrub six to ten feet high, with green, warty bran_chc�, large round­
ish leaves, pointecl, and woolly beneath; flm�·crs "·l11_te, Ill flat cv1�1es.
The fruit is a light l1lue drupe. The plant 1s a 11:1l1Yc '.if the V111tcd
States cxtcnclin� from Canada to Maryland. It flowers Ill June.
Th� first prov111gs ll'cre made hy Dr. E. E. l\Iarcy, U.S.
Preparation.-Thc fresh hark is cl_1oppnrl,:md poull(lecl to a pulp
and weighed. Then two parts hy 1rn1ght of �lcohol are tnkeu,, the
pulp mixccl thoroughly with one-sixth part of 1t, m_irl_ the rc,;t of the
nlcohol added. After stirring the whole ll'Cll, pour 1t mto a well-stop­
pered bottle, and let it stand cight_da.ys in _ � dark, cool J?lace. The
tincture is Lhen separated by dccanf.1ng, stra1111ng and filtcrmg.
Drug poll'cr of tincture, fr·
Dilutio11s 11111st be prepared as directed under Class III.
CORNUS FLORIDA, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Cornaccm.
Common Name, American Ilox:wood. Flowering Dogwood.
New England Boxwood. . .
A small indigenous tree, usually. f'rom twelve to thirty feet _ high.
It is of short growth; the stem 1s . c?mpact, and covered \\'lt_h . a
brownish bnrk, which is minutely d1v1dcd _by numerous superhc1al
fissures. The leaves arc opposite, ovatr, pomtccl, acute at the base,
dark green above, glaucous bencat!1. The flowers m_-c small, agg�·e­
gated in heads, SUlTOllIHled by an 111volucrc, corolla�hkc, or _four in­
versely heart-shape<l white leaves, very showy. Fruit a bnlhant red
drupe.
Preparation.-The fresh hark is chopped and pounrlecl to a pulp
and weighed. Then two parts by weight of i�lcohol arc taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with 01_1c-sixth pnrt. of 1t, m!d . the rest of the
alcohol added. After stirring the whole well, pour 1t mto a well-stop­
pered bottle, and let it stand cigh_t days i '. 1 :i dark, cool place. The
tincture is then separated by decaubng, str:unmg and filtenng.
I
192 HOM<EOl'ATHIC PITARMACEUTICS.
Drng power of tincture, ¼·
Dilutions must be prepared OB directed under Class III.
CORNUS SERICEA, L'Heritie1·.
.
Synonyms, Cornus Alba. Cornus Crorulen. Cornus Cynno­
cnrpus.
Nat. Ord., Cornnccro.
Common Names, Silky Corne!. Blue-Berried Cornus. Femnle
Dog-wood. Swamp Dogwood. . the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of
A shrub, usually three to ten feet in height, with erect stems, wl11ch
nrc covered with a shining reddish ?ark. The_ young shoots 1u·e more
or less pubescent. Brnnches spremlmg, purplish, leaves narrow, ovnte,
!Jointcd and silky-downy underneath, �ften rust-colorcd. Flow_ers yel­
.
owish-whit e, in flat close cymes. Fruit a pale _blue _drupe: It 1s fon�d
in the United States from Cnnadti to Carolma, rn moist woods, Ill
swamps, and on the borders of streams. It flowers in June and July.
Preparation.-Thc fresh bnrk is chopped and pounqed to a pulp
and weighed. Then two . parts b� weight of a_lcohol arc taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of 1t, and tl�c _rest of the
alcohol added. After having stirred the whole well, pour 1t mto a. well­
stoppered bottle, and let it stand .eigh� days i� . a dark, cool_ place.
The tincture is then scpnrnted by decantmg, strammg and filtermg.
Drug power of tincture, ¼-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
CORYDALIS FORMOSA, Pursh.
Synonyms, Dicentra Eximia, De Candolle. Dielytra.
Nat. Ord., Fumnriaccro.
Common Names, Fumitory. Squirrel Corn. Stagger ·weed.
Turkey Pea.
A native plant, growing on rocks in New York and southward to
North Carolina. Its rhizome is scaly; leaves radical, numerous, some­
what tri-ternate; flowers nodding, purple, in compound racemes;
corolla oblon�, with short, obtuse, incurved spurs.
Preparabon.-The fresh root is chopped and pounded to a pulp
nnd weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol aro tnken,, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the
alcohol a.dded. Having stirred the whole well, pour it into a. well-stop­
pered bottle, and let it stand eight_ days ii: ": dnrk, cool �!nee. The
tincture is then separated by decnntmg, strummg nnd filtering.
Amount of dru"' power, Ji-.
Dilutions must be prepnred as directed under, Class III.
COTYLEDON.
Synonyms, Cotyledon Umbilicus, Linn. Umbilicus Pendulinus,
De CandoMe.
ROMCEOPATRIC PHARMACEUTICS. 193
Nat. Ord., Crnssulnccrc.
Common Names, Kitlncywort. Na.velwort. Pennywort.
A percnninl herbaceous plant, native of Western Europe, growing on
rocks, old walls, etc. From its fleshy, tuberous root rises a stem, six
inches high, bearing in the form of a spike, numerous, small, greenish­
yellow, tubular, bell-shaped flowers. The leaves are fleshy, smooth,
pcltatc, crcnatc, the upper ones somcwhnt smnller thnn the lower.
Cotyledon was proven hy Dr. Wm. Crnig, England.
Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves nrc chopped and pounded to a
pulp nnd weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken,
the alcohol atlclc<l. After stirring the whole well, pour it into a
well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight dnys in a. dark, cool place.
The tincture is then s<'parntcd by deea11ti11g, strniniug a11d fllteri.ug.
Drug power of tincture, i.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Clnss III.
CROCUS.
Synonyms, Crocus Sativus, Linn. Crocus AutumnoJis. Crocus
Hispanicus.
Nat. Ord., Jridaccro.
Common Name, Snffr' on.
OroetUJ saliv1i� is a. snmll plant having a fleshy, bulb-like corm and
grassy lenses. It has a large, elegant, purple-colored flower. The
style terminates in three long tubulnr and filiform stigmns projecting
beyond the pcrinnth. The stigmas are orange-red in color and pos­
sess a peculiar aromatic smell and pungent taste. The stigmas are
the part used in medicine.
The drug wns first proven by Stapf, in Germany.
Preparation.-The dried stigmns of the flowers are conrsely pul­
verized nnd weighed, and then COYercd with nine pnrts by weight of
alcohol. After l11wing poured the mixture into n well-stoppered bottle,
let it remain eight <lays in a dark, cool pince, slinking twice a day.
The tincture is then poured on: strained nnd filtered.
Drug power of tincture, T\r·
Dilutions must be prepared as <lirccted under Class IV.
CROTALUS CASCAVELLA.
Class, Reptilia.
Order, Ophi<lia..
Family, Crotn.lidro.
Common Name, Brazilian Rnttlesnake.
This terrible serpent is found in the Province of Cearn. This species
generally attains n. length of from four to five foct, but the animal from
which the poison was taken for the provings, was three feet long. Its
oval-triangular head, one half of which is provided with shields, shows
a round depression in front of the eyes, which arc covered with a large
18
 .. .
194 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
lIOMmor A T'JI I(; ['JI A RM J\ (;J,:U
'J'IL"S. JUG
elliptical shield, serving ns n lid. The body is, big, conical; its move Tli�· d;tig was first proven by Dr. Her
mcnts are sluggish; its upper surface is covered with scales, the '<forsal Preparation.-TJ,c poison obtained ing.
scales being keeled and somcwhnt lanccolate, the scales of the tail being tt.s directed under Clnss VIII
as explained above is tritnrntc<l
quadrangular and smaller. The belly is provided with one hundred .
and seveuty large transversal plates; there are twenty-five plates be­
longing to the tail, the first three of which arc divided in shields. The CROTON TIGLIUM, Linn.
extremity of the u1il is furnished with seven or eight capsules of the .Synonyms, Tiglium Officinale, Klo
consistence of parchment, which, when agitated, produce a shrill /,Sclt. Grana Tiglii .
Nat. Ord., Euphorbiacero.
sound. The color of the crotalus is yellowish-brown, much lighter Common Names, Groton Oil. Crot
under the belly, ll'ith twenty-six rcguln,r lon!i rhomboidal liues on each on Tree. Purgin� Nut.
Oroton tiglimn is rt small tree fifteen to
side of' the hack. When irritated and dunn9. the excessive heat, the io India, nod cultivated in many part twenty foot h i gh, 111digcnous
crotalus e1,iils 1� very fcticl musk-like odor. l'he fangs arc long and small inconsp i cuous flowers. The s of the East. The tree has
inserted in exceedingly dilatable jaws. The poison of this reptile acts fruit i s a brown capsu·lc, thrcc­
celled, each cell containing one seed.
with a frightful intc!.1sity, and it was not without great dnn$cr that ·Description.-Thc croton seed is
Drs. 1\lurc and l\Iartins succeeded in obtaining a few drops of 1t. bean, ovo i d, hav i ng two fnccs, one somcwhat.Jnrger than a coffoe
This drng was introduced into• our Materia l\Icdica. by Dr. l\lure, of arched coustituting the dorsal,
the other and flatter the ventral side.
Brnzil. ered with a cinnamon-brow11 epidermis, The surface of the seed is cov­
Preparation.-'l'hc poison, obtained by compressing the secreting black testa filled with a whitish, oily ·beneath which is a thin, brittle
gland of the living animal is triturntcd as directed under Class Vlll . at first merely oily, b11t soon becomes acrid kcrn�l. The taste of the sec<l is
Properties.-From the kernels is obtnni!d 1111plcni::ant.
oil, �he Ole1.,rn crotonis, or Oleum tigli i11 cd by expression _croton
CROTALUS HORRIDUS, Linn. i of
fifty or sixty per cent. The oil is a trnn pharn,acy, to the amount of
Synonym, Crouilus Durissus. liquid, slightly fluorcsccut, has a faint spnrcnt, shcrry-colored, viscid
Orcte·r, Ophidia. acrid taste. rancid smell, nod nu olcngi11ous
Family, Urotnlidrc. The attention of the homroopathic prof
Common Name, Rattlesnake. first called to the drug by Dr. Hermann, nndc..c:sion seems to hnve been
This poisonous serpent is frequently found in the mountainous and collected by Dr. Buch11er, in Germany. subsequent provings ll"Cre
adjacent rcgiorn; of the Nprthcrn and Southern States. It attains n Pre paration for Homreopathic Use
length of from fo11r to six feet, gradually swelling towards the middle, pure croton oil is dissolved in ninety-n .-Onc part by weight of
where it is from five to eight inches in circumference; back nud sides ine parts by ll"eight of alcohol.
Amoup.t of drug power,
covered with keeled scales; belly with unkeeled scales, which are always Dilutions must be prepared rch,- -
as directed uudc
sin�lc under the ,tail. Head broad and triangular, with a large pit 011 Tritqrations are prepared as di rected uu<lc r Class Vl-fi.
encl! side below and in front of the eye; fangs one-half to one inch long; r Class VIII.
the tail has seven or eight capsules of the consistency of parchment,
which, when agitated, produce n shrill rattle. Ground color of hack
varies from. yellowish-tawny to brownish-grey. There arc a centrnl Synonyms, Piper Cuhcba, Linn.
and two lateral rows of dark spots along the back, confluent on poste­ Na Cubebn Officinalis, IJfiquel.
t. Ord., Piperaec..-u.
rior half of body. 'foil generally black. Common Na mes, Cubeb Pepper.
The provings were made from triturations of the venom with sugar Cuhebs.
Piper cubeba is a climbi11g, woody,
of milk and from dilutions prepared from them. Java, Borneo nnd Sumatra. cliruc ious shrub, indigenous to
The venom of' this rlcmlly snake may ho obtained by pressing the Properties.-The fruit is a glohosc
poison gla11tl situated between the car nnd eye, the serpent being number are attached by rather long stalk hrrry, of whicl, a consiclcrahlc
either pinioned or chloroformed, and as the venom drops from the berries as found i n commerc s to a common racl 1 il'.
fangs it is receivccl on pulverized sugar of milk, with which it is trit­ e arc spherical, wrinkled, and grayThe
.brown or blackish in color. Cub ish­
ebs
urntc<l, in proportion of one to ninety-uinc. . with some bitterness; their odor is aromhave a strong aromatic taste,
Of late the preservation and potcntiation of the venom in glycerine . Pre paration.-The dri ed berries atic and 11ot unpleasant.
has been recommended, but we fail to sec any valicL reason for depart­ ered with five partB •by weight of alco are coarsely powdered_ and cov-
ing from Ilcring's mode of preparing the poison by triturntion, espe­ hol. After mixing well, pour the
w_bole into a well•stop ered bottle, and
cially us the provini:,rs were made from such preparations. dark, cool place, shakmg,r let it remain eight <lays in n
it twice n day. The t incture is thou
· off, strained and filtered, poured
196 JIOM<.EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Drug power of tincture, 11ir,
Dilutious must be prepared as d1rcctcd under Class IV.
CUCURBITA PEPO, Li,nn.
Nat. Ord., Cucurbitnccro.
Common Name, Pumpkin.
This plant is 1111 nununl, a native of the Levant, but h�� been Ion �
pultivated as a garden vegetable or as food for cattle.. Ihc plant IH
hispid and scabrous, with procumhcnt stem; leaves ln.1:gc, conlatc,
pnlmatcly five-lobed or anglctl,, _1lcnticula.te; llow� rs arc 1�xillary lar�c, •
yellow, on long pcc�unclcs; f nut v�ry large, at tunes t11 o ?r tl11'.c� fc�t
in diameter, roundi sh or oblong, funowed, smooth, nml IIhen n1.ttu1 c
oran(l'c-yellow in color. Flowers in July. . crystals, which :1re opm1uc and have a dark bluish-green color. Upon
P;eparation.-The fresh stems arc pounded to a pulp anrl wc1g !1cd.
Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, the pulp m1xccl
thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, nnd the r�t. of the alcohol ncl<lcd.
After having stirred the whole well, pour 1t mto a well-stoppcrcd
bottle and let it stand eight clays in n. dark, cool ]�lace. ,fhe tmcturc
is the;1 scp:iratecl by decanting, straining nnd filtering.
Amount of drurr power, II.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
CUPRUM.
Synonym, Cuprum MctaHicum.
Common Name, Copper.
Symbol, Cu.
Atomic Weight, 63.G. . lized acctnte of copper in ten. parts of warm water and then ndding
Origin.-Coppcr exists in nn.turc 111 the free state, and also 111 com-
bination ns oxide, sulphide, carbonate, etc. .
Properties.-Coppcr is 1t metal of a rcc!<l1sh color, sofi:cr than iron,
is both nmllcnblc and ductile, and hns cous1�lc)·nblc tcnnc1�y. It � rys­
talli 7.cs in the isomeLric system. In mnsscs 1t 1s unnlt?rc,l _11� the n1r at
ordinn.ry temperatmcs, but when he: �te�l to _rcdncs.'l 1t ox�d17.cs supcr­
fici:tlly. It is dissolved cnsily by llltnc ncul, nncl chl01: mc anrl sul­
phur att1wk it readily. It is also acted upon by w�ak :tCl(ls. m1\l alk�­
lics a.9 well ns by solutions of nmny snlts. lt.'l specific gn_w1ty 1s 8.!l:>-
Tests.-Coppcr in 1i finely diYidcd state may he ohtamc�I �y boil­
ing :t conccntrntcd solution of sulphn.te of ?oppcr, not _ contammi; f)·ec
acid with distilled zinc. As soon ns the liq111d loses its color, wl11ch
it d�cs in a short time, the 7.inc is removed and the C? pper powder w?ll
boiled with dilute sulphuric acid, then wnshcd un111tcrr�1pt� dl)' mth
water till the wn.':!hings ru!1 free from any trnc ? of the �e1d; 1t 15., tl� en
prC!<Sc<l between folds of h1b11lous paper ai!d dncd at 7,)r; �- (lG� I.).
Thus prepn.red it is n. dark red, d11ll-look111g powder, winch . easily ac­
quires the ordinary lustre of the metal by prcs.'!ure nncl rubbmg with n
bumisher.
..
It .was introduced into our Matcri1t l\Ic,lica by Hahncmann.
HOMCEOPATRIC PHARMACEUTICS. 197
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-Thc precipitated metal
is prepared by trituration, as directed under Class V H.
CUPRUM ACETICUM.
Synonyms, Cupric Acctn.tc. Cupri Acctas. h:rugo Dcstillnta.
Common Names, Acetate of Copper. Verdigris.
Formula, Cu (0 2 H 3 0 2)2, H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, l !l!J.5.
Preparation of Acetate of Copper.-Dissoh-c verdigris (wpri
subacelas) iu dilute acetic acid, evaporate gently, anrl allow to crys-
tallize.
•
Properties.-Acclate of copper is in ohliquc, rhombic, prismntic
exposure to the air they become covered with a bright bluish-green
powder from supcrficinl cfllorcscencc. They nre soluble in five parts
of boil in!? wafer, in fourteen of water at a medium tcmpcrnturc, nu<l iu
fifteen of :tlcohol.
Tests.-Thc salt when dissolved in strong ammonium carbonate
solution in excess shou Id produce a solution of a deep blue color; a
turbidity, or precipitate shows the presence of lend oxide, ferrous oxide,
or the earthy metals. A portion of the salt brought to n red hcnt aud
then treated with water should give uo alkaline reaction (absence of
the fixed alkalies).
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use;-The p'urc acetate of
copper is prepared hy trittirntion, as directed under Class VII.
Tinctura Cupri Acetici Rademacheri.-Rademacher's tinc­
ture of acetate of copper is prepared by dissolving one part of crystnl­
eight pnrls of alcohol. Eighteen parts of the tincture with eighty-two
parts of dilute alcohol will yield the 2x dilution.
Further dilutions 111ust he prepared as <lircctc<l under Class V-/3.
CUPRUM AMMONIATUM.
Proper Name, Tetra111111onio-Cupric Rulphntc.
_ Synonyms, Oupru111 Sulphuricu111 A111moniatum. Ammonio-Sul-
phate of Copper.
Common Name, Ammoniated Copper.
Formula, 4 NI-1 3 , Cu S0 1 , I-1 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 245.5.
Preparation of Ammoniated Copper.-One part of crystalline
cupric sulphate dissolved in three parts of ammonium hydrate solution,
is filtered if necessary and lllixed with six parts of alcohol; the pre­
cipitated salt is to be collected an<l dried without the nitl of heat by
pressing it between folds of bibulous pn.per.
Properties.-Ammonio-sulphate of copper is a dark blue crystal­
line powder having 1t weak, ammoniacnl odor nnd a disagreeable
metallic and nmmouiacal taste. Its reaction is alkaline. It is soluble
108 lIOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
in one and one-half J>Rrts of cold wat�r, but by the addition of a large
amount of wnter a salt of paler blue separates out, which contains a
less proportion of ammonia. By heating to 260° C. (482° F.), it loses
its ammonia and water and there remains only cupric sulphate.
Tests.-The color of the crystals and the rapid and complete solu­
tion of the salt in two parts of distilled water will suffice. Upon the
addition of a caustic fixed alkali to the solution, ammonia will be
evolved. A preparation made with ammonium carbonate instead of
the hydrate is not crystalline and effervesces on the addition of an acid.
In his chapter on Cuprum, Hahnemann calls attention to the use of
the ammoniated sulphate of copper.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The pure ammonintcd
copper is prepared by trituration, as directed under Class VII.
CUPRUM ARSENICOSUM.
Synonyms, Arsenious Oxide of Copper. Arsenite of Copper.
Cuprum Oxyclatum Arsenicosum. Hydric Cupric Arsenite.
Common Name, Scheele's Green.
Formula, Cu H As 0 3•
· Preparation of Arsenite of Copper.-Boil three parts of pul­
verized white arsenic (arsenious acid) with eight parts o( caustic potash
in sixteen parts of water, until the arsenic is dissolved. The result is
an alkaline liquid containing potassium di-arsenite (K As O i.a ) 9 As,
0 3 + H, 0. On mixing this solution with cupric sulphate till the
precipitation is complete, and drying the precipitate at 100° C.
(212° F.), the compound so obtained consists of a mixture of Cu H As
0 3 with arsenious oxide.
The chemically pure cupric hydrogen arsenite may be obtained by
precipitation of aqueous arsenious acid with pure ammonio-sulphate
of' copper. This precipitate when air-dried consists of Cu H As 0 8,
H, 0, and after drying in a vacuum over concentrated sulphuric acid
its constitution is Cu II As 0 3•
Properties.-Arscnite of copper is a light �reen powder, which
dissolves in excess of ammonia without color, yielding a solution of
arsenic acid and cuprous oxide. It is insoluble 1D water and alcohol.
The first systematic provings were made under the direction of Dr.
W. James Blakely, United States. · extract. Its source is not positively known, but the substance is be­
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The _pure arsenite of
copper is prepared by trituration, as directed under Class VII.
CUPRUM CARBONICUM.
Synonyms, Hydrated-dibasic Cupric Carbonate. Cupri Carbonas.
Common Name, Carbonate of Copper.
Formula, Cu C 0 3, Cu 0, 2 H !i O.
Preparation of Carbonate of Copper.-This salt exists in
nature in the form of blue carbonate (malachite) ancl anhydrous car­
bonate. · It is also obtained by precipitating a solution of sulphate of
1101\ICEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 199
copper with a solution of carbonate of soda. The precipitate is col�
lected and washed with cold distilled water. This salt is of a magni­
ficent blue color.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The pure carbonate of
coppe� is prepared by trituration, as directed under Ulass VII.
CUPRUM SULPHURICUM.
Synonyms, ·cupric Sulphate. Cupri Sulphas. Cuprum Vitriolatum.
Common Names, Sulphate of Copper. Blue Vitriol. Blue-stone.
Formula, Cu 80 4, 5 H i.a 0.
Molecular Weight, 249.5.
• Pr�p�ration of Sulphate of (?opper.-:-Of pur� copper foil •
m chppmgs, three parts are to be digested with the aid of heat in
ten parts of concentrated sulphuric acid. After solution is complete,
the crystals may be obtained by evaporation. Cupric sulphate is in
transparent, oblique, rhombic crystals of a blue color and a disagree­
able, metn.lJic tnstc. They arc soluble in three nn<l a half parts of
cold, and in one-third part of boiling water, and are insoluble in alco­
hol. The watery solution has an acid reaction. By heating to 200° C.
(392° F.), the crystals become anhydrous and form then a white pow­
der, which eagerly absorbs water from the air or other media.
Tests.-Dissolvc a few crystals of the salt in ten volumes of dis­
tilled water with the aid of heat, add then a fow drops of chlorine
water and of dilute sulphuric acid, precipitate the copper as sulphide
by means of hydrogen sulphide, and evaporate some drops of the fil­
tered solution in a watch glass; there should be no residue. If there
be a residue, it may contain iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, magnesium
or calcium. For further tests of the residue, recourse must be bad
to appropriate group reagents, followed hy individual tests.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-'l'he pure sulphate of
copper is prepared by trituration, as directed under ClBss VII.
CURARE.
Synonyms, Urari. ,voorari. ,vourari. ,vourali. ,voorara.
Origin.-The nrrow-poison of South America is a black paste or
lieved to contain ingredients which are from different species of Strych­
nos. . Cocculus toxifera, Didelpliys cancrivora and l'aullinia Ountru, are
"Said by· diff�rent writers to. contribute some . share· in its preparation.
Propert1es.-Curnre 1s· a dry, hrowmsh-black, resinous extract,
having a very bitter taste. It is soluble in dilute alcohol, forming a
red solution ; it is also soluble in water and in absolute alcohol. From
it there has been isolated an alkaloid curarin, which contains no
oxygen.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Curare is prepared by
trituration, as directed under Class VII. . ·
200 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
CYCLAMEN.
Synonyms, Cyclnmcn Europmurn, Linn. Artnnitn Cyclnmen.
Nat. Ord., Primulacerc.
Common Name, Sow-Grend.
C. Emopmum is n perenninl, herbaceous, stemless plant, indigenous
in Southern Europe. It.s globulnr root gives off mauy brnnchcd fibres,
is nearly bl1tck externally nnd white internally, aud without udor; in
the fresh state it has n bitter, acrid, burning tast.e. The leaves arc long­
pctiolate, roundi$h, veined, shining dark green, white-spotted nbovc,
purple or ros.y below. Flowers pendulous, rosc-colorcd (or white),
sweet-scented, without stems, on scapes; corolla revolute; berries cov­
ered with a capsule.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root, gathered in autumn, is chopped and
pounded to a pulp, enclosed in a piece of new linen and subjected to
pressure. The expressed juice is then, by brisk agitation, mingled
with an equal part, by weight, of alcohol. This mixture is allowed to
st:rncl eight days ·in a dark, cool place, and then filtered.
It was introduced into the Homceopathic Materia Medien. by Hnhne­
mn.nn.
Drug power of tincture, L
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
CYPRINUS BARBUS.
Synonyms, Bnrbus Fluviatilis. Ova Barb::e.
Class, Pisces.
Order, Physostomi.
Family, Cyprinoidci.
Common Names, Common Barb or Barbel. Carp.
The fish lives in the clear running waters of Asia and the south of
Europe, n.nd is frequently caught in those of France. It is distin­
guishctl by the four feelers on the upper jaw, to which it owes its name.
The body is commonly cove1:ed with a viscous mucus; its flesh is white,
tender, and tastes the more agreeably the older the fish is, but is of
difficult digestion to weak stomachs. The eggs are considered poison­
ous, and contain nn acrid, bitter substance.
Preparation.-The roe, collected iu the mouth of :tlfay, from a
l nrge adult barbel, is prepared by triturntiou, as directed under Class
IX.
The fresh roe, obtained in May, from u large adult barbel, is crushed,
covered with five parts by weight of nlcohol, and allowed to remaiu
eight days in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, being shaken
twice n. dny. This tincture is then poured off, strained nnd filtered.
Drug power of tincture, i1J •
Dilutions from tincture must be prepared as directed under Clas.�
IV.
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 201
CYPRIPEDIUM.
Synonym, Cypripcdium Pubesccns, Willd.
Nat. Ord., Orchidacc::e.
Common Names, Lady's Slipper. Moccasin Pinnt.
An indigenous plnut, the shape and color of whose flower give it its
popular nnme. Its stem is simple, n. foot 01• two in height. Leaves
ovn.te-lnnceolnte, acumiuate, hngc nncl many-veined, alternate, sheath­
ing nt the base. · The solitary Hower incgu lnr, ns in nil the orchis
family, the lip being n. large inflated sac; it is yellow in color. Leaves
and stems pubcsccnt. The plant is found in bogs and low woods.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root, gathered in autumn, is chopped and
pounded to n. line pulp and weighed. Then two parts hy weight of
alcohol arc taken, and after mixing the Jttlp thoroughly with one-sixth
J
part of it, the rest of the alcohol is n� ed. After !\:wing stirred the
whole wcl I, pour it into a well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight
days in a dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decant­
ing, straining nnd filtering.
Drug power of tincture, t
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class HI.
DAMIANA.
Synonyms, Turncrn Microphylla, De Candolle. Turnern Aphro-
disiacn, Ward.
Nat. Ord., Turncrnccrc.
Common Name, Damiana.
The Turncrncc:c ure a small family of (chiefly) tropical American
plants. The flowers are small and yellow, sub-sessile, ncnr the ends of
the small brnnclws. 1'. aphrodisiaca is found in commerce as broken
leaves mixed with fragments of the branches, and sometime,; with secd­
pods. Leaves less thau :111 inch long, obovn.tc, wedge-shaped, tnperiug
nt the base to a short, slender lcn.fstnlk; they arc light green in color,
and covered with whitish, short hairs. Their tnste is aromatic.
Preparation.-Thc recently dried leaves, coarsely powdered, are
covered with five parts by weight of alcohol. Havi11g poured the mix­
ture into a well-stoppered bottle, let it remain eight days iu n dark,
cool pin.cc, shaking it twice a day. The tiucture is theu poured off,
strained nnd filtered.
Amount of drng power, T\r-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss IV.
DAPHNE.
Synonyms, Daphne Indica, Linn. Dnphnc Lngcttn. Daphne
Odorn,. Laget�a Lintearea, Lamarck.
Nat. Ord., Thymclace::e.
Common Name, Sweet-scented Spurge-Laurel.
This moderately-sized branching shrnb is n. native of the West In­
dies and China. Leaves are alternate, ovalc-cordntc, glabrous. Flow-
 202 HOl\l<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
ers arc white, richly scented, in terminal bu�chcs of ten to fifteen
almost sessile flowers on a common peduncle, furnished with several
bracts at its base.
It was proved by Dr. Dute, United States.
Preparation.-Thc fresh bark is chopped ancl pounded to a pulp
and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the
alcohol added. After having stirred the whole well, pom it into a
well-s�oppere? bottle, and let it stand eight days in a dark, cool place.
The t111cturc is then separated by decanting, strnining and filtering.
Amount of drug power, ½-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III. . thickness of a finger, hranchy, succulent, somewhat spongy; stem up­
DATURA ARBOREA, I.,i,nn
Synonym, Brngnmnsia Gardneri, R1Liz et Pav.
Nat. Ord., Solanacc::c.
Common Name, Tree Stramonium.
This is a native of the Pacific coast, northwnnl from Peru to Cali­
fornin. The flowers arc long, tubular, bent downwnrd, snowy-white,
and of a very sweet oclor.
It was introduced to the hommopathic profession by Dr. Poulson'
United States.
Preparation.-The fresh flowers nre chopped nm] pounded to a
pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol are taken,
the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the
alcohol added. After having stirred the whole well, pour it into a
wcll-s�oppere� bottle, and let it stand two weeks in a dark, cool place.
The tmcture 1s then separated by decanti11g, straining and filtering.
Amount of drucr power, t·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
D ELPHINUS AMAZONICUS.
Synonym, Delphinus Geoffroyi.
Class, Mammalia.
Order, Cetacea.
Family, Delphinidn.
Common Name, Ama.zonia.n Dolphin.
�fhis dolphin is fr�rn1 nine to ten feet long; its body is la.rgc nnd cylin­
'.lrical, of a browlllsh-gray color above and pure white below. Its
Jnws, of equal length, are long, narrow, linear, armed on each side with
twenty-six large, conicnl, somewhat rugosc teeth, with wide crowns.
Its forehead is bomb-shaped, the. eyes a little nbovc the commissure of
the lips. The pectoral fins are of considerable size, brownish at their
extremities, and placed very low; the dorsal fin is elevated nnd semi­
lunar. This dolphin, as its name shows, inhabits the mouth of the
Amazon. It has a thick and fibrous skin, which we employ in medi­
cine.
llOM<EOPA Tl IIC PTIARMACJWTICS. 203
Introduced into our Materia Mcdicn by Dr. Mure, Brazil.
Preparation.-The fresh skin is prepared by trituration, as di­
rected under Class IX.
DICTAMNUS.
Synonyms, Dictamnus Albus, Willcl. D. Fraxinella, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Rutace::c.
Common Names, ·white or Bastard Dittany. :i,:raxinclla.
This perennial plant grows in the south o � Germany, m Italy, France,
Russia, in mountain woods, alHl on stony lulls. Root elongated, of the
right, from two to three feet high, slightly nn_gul�r, s�rcnkcd gr �cn,
furnished with reel, resinous glands, nncl termmatmg _m a _ bcau_t1ful
spike; leaves nllernatc, shining, pinnated; flowers termmal, m spikes,
of a snowy-white or a clcnr red, with stripes of _ a deeper color; �ccds
ovoid black. When fresh, t}1c whole plant ermts a strong, rcsmous
odor, 'and cxhnlcs a qunntity of etherc�l _oil, which,_ when a l�gl1t.ed
_
candle is brought near in a dry and hot air, mflames without any mJury
to the plant.
Preparation.-Thc fresh rootlets and the bark ?nly of t}!c lnrger
roots are chopped and pounded to a pulp and . weighed. I hen t�rn
parts by weight of alcohol are tnken, the pulp mixed thoroughly w_ith
one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the 11.lcohol added. After havrn�
stirred the whole wcl 1, pour it into a well-stoppered bottle and let it
stand eight days in a dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated
by decanting, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, i-.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
DIGITALIS.
Synonyms, Digitalis Purpurca, Li,nn.
Nat. Ord., Scrophulariaccro.
Common Names, Foxglove. Fairy Fingers. Purpl� Glove.
D. purpurea is a beautiful plant common throughout 1'.. uropc, and
growing best on siliceous soils, in thieke1-'! a� d bushy gr?und nn<l wn,Istc
places. In the warm parts of Europe rt _ is a mountam plant. ' hc
root is biennial or perennial, from which rn thc_ second year nscends a
single erect leafy stem from two to five feet high. The lower leaves
are o�ate, s�metimes a' foot or more long, upon wingc� stalks. The
upper ones are sparse and lanccolate. Both have margms crenate, or
at least sub-serrate. The segments of the c1tlyx arc ovate-oblong; c_or­
olla cnmpanulate, obtuse, upper lip entire, J_)l1rplc, int�rnally �\'hrte,
with black spots. The flowers arc numerous, m a long simple spike.
· . The drug was proven by I-Iahncnmnn.
. . .
Preparation.-The fresh leaves, from the uncultivated plant m its
second season, gathered when about to bloom, are cho_pped an<l pounded
to a pulp, enclosed in a piece of new linen and subjected to pressure.
 HOMCEOPATHIC PHAl-!M ACEU'fICS.
205
204 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
whole_well, o�1 r
r�t of the alcohol added. After havi!1g stirred . the days 11 h .
The cxpre.'>Scd j uice is then, by brisk ngitntion, min gled with nn eq u nl w ll-slop percd hoLt le, and let t stand crgh� � � < Ill k,
it into n 1
tmg, strn .1u111g nud
ted by decuu
c
pnrt by weight of nlcohol. This mixture is nllowed to stnnrl eigh t days cool pince. The tiuct ur c is then separa
in a well-s toppered bottle, in a dark, cool pince, and then filtered. filtrring. .
Drug power of tinc ture, t J)rng power of t111cL11 rc , L . , .-
Dilutions must be prcpnred ns directed u nder Class I. Dil utions must be prepared ns directed under Cl.1ss III.
DIOSCOREA. DIPTERIX ODORATA, Willdcnow.
Synonyms, Dioscorc1i Villosa, Linn. Dioscorea Quinntn. Dios­
Synonyms, Coumann1111t O<loratn, Aublet. Baryosmn Tongo .
corra Pnniculntn. Ubium Q uinn.tum. Nat. Ord., Lcg1111 1inos:-c. • , , , .
Nat. Ord., Dioscorc nc crc. �111 llen,n . ,-
Common Names, Tonka 13ean. lo ng<! or _f01�<p
Common Names, Chinn Roo t. Col ic Root. Devil's Bones. rc the sreds f a tree growi ng 111 {, u1:111a. I_hcy a�c
Tnnka be ans o t'.10
1cl a h '.1
o
Wild Ynm.
cn l'loscd each in a single pod, and_ arc f'r-0111. o ne :11_
a

This is nn indigeno us perennial creeper, twining over bus hes nnrl l ng and a quarte to a thml of an �nch wrdc, co 1 �!1�c� 1 1� It
fences, in t hic ke ts mul hedges. Its stems arc slender, from knotty nncl inches r
p eculrnr, n 1 cc­
dark hrown' nearly hlack, shining ski n. Tirey have� new mo ,1·n rny.
o

mnt.tcd root-s tocks; leaves mostly alternate, somctim e8 whorled in nhlc' a n,rnaLic o dnr, rcsemhling in some degree that of 1
fours, do wny unclcrncath, hcnrt-s hnpctl , somew hat pointed, nine to Their taste is nro111atic and bitter.
clc,· cn-ribbed; flowers pnlc greenish-yellow, the sterile in pnnirlcs, the . cov�
d, !ll_c . 1
, . 1ct
Pre aration.-Tlrc driccl seeds, cnnrscly p owclcn·the mixture 111to
fertil e in simple rncc111cs, bot h drooping. The flowers arc very small. u red
with fire pn.rts by weight of alcolrol. Un.ving po_ a dn_rk, c?ol p ine
Stamens six, at the base of the divisions of the six-pnrtctl pcriauth. a well-stoppered bottle, let it remain eight days 111 d off, strnmcd nud
Pods eight to ten lines long, three-cel led, three-winged, loculicidnlly
t hree-valved. Seeds one or two in cnch cell, flat, with n mcmbruua­ shaking it twice a day. The tincture is t h:n poure
ccous wing. The plant grows from N ew England to ·wiscoosin, and filtered.
A111nu11t of <lru� power, ·r o-• . ,
1
is common in Southern Stnt es. ons 11111st be prepa ed ns d1rcctetl unclcr Cla ss IV.
The first provings were by Dr. A. M. Cushing, U.S. Diluti r

Preparation.-Thc fresh root is chopped and pounded to n pulp

nnd weighed. Then two parts by weigh t of alcohol n rc t.nkcn, t he DIRCA PALUSTRIS, Linn.
pulp 111ixed t horoughly with one-sixth part of it, nod the rest o f the Nat. Ord., Thymclncc:-c. Ropebnrk. Wi-
alcohol added. After ha ,·ing stirred t he whole w ell, po ur it into a Common Names, Leatherwood. Mooswood.
,,·ell-stoppered bottle, :11111 le t it stand eight days in a dn rk, cool place . co
n the Unite_,! Slat n
The tinct ure is then scpa rntcd by dccnntiug, s training and filtering. 11\lnub found growing in rich, damp _woocls i altc11 1nlc, � al�
01
Drng p ower of tincture,¼- nvcs arc
far snuth as Georgia. The nearly scsstlc l c
grer h c1 t h.
Dil ut.ions must be prepared us directed uutlcr Class III. obov·ttc with acute cncls, :u1d
tomcutous n11cl p ale
n c_ snmll , _fu n _ -� n 1� . c lu ­
c<r
The 'no�l crs nppenr before the le:wrs, �
n c 1
' c;-:­
' r
DIPSACUS SYLVESTRIS, ],filler. Tire hark is from the 1 11tcrlnc 1 11g of )IS frlncs
tcred in tlrrces.
Nat. Ord., Dips acerc. tremely tough; it is smooth,
yellowish-brown, or grey ish-brown 111
Common Name, Wild Tense!. color.
This plnul is n native of' Europe, from Denmark southwn rrl, North­ It ,1·ns first prnvcc1 hy Dr. R H. S ' pooncr, . 8 u
' . . .
1 � chnpJ_>r<l n n< I
cm Af'ricn. nnd ,vcstcrn Asia. Its stem is three to four feet high, Preparation.-Thc frc•sh inner hark of' tire twigs by rn rght _ o f nlcoho
pulp nnd weigh ed. The _ two par_ t s
stout;, rigid; ribs prickl y. Lcnves radical , on the first, year's growth ounclcd to a n
xth � rt of rt, 111 1d the�
p,1
only, spreading; cnulinc six to eigh t inches long, oblon�-lnnceolatc, p ·e taken the pulp ruixcd thoro g ly wrth 011c-s1
t_ he whole _well, po '.rr
u h

entire or creuntc; midrih pric kly. I-fends two to three mchcs long; ��t of th� n.lcohol aclcl cd. Aflcr havin� stirred h � dn.ys 1! 1 _a dn1 k,
bottle , and let rt st nd crg
hrncts lio c nr, rigid, longer than th e hend; floral brncts very loug, it into n well-stoppered a
tmg, strnmmg nnd
rigid, subulnte, strict, ciliate; invol ucre p u bOi!eeut, four-angled in fruit. cool pince. The tincture i 8 tlrcn separated by dec:rn
Cal yx-limh deciduo us. Corolla p urplish.· Flowers appear in J uly and filtering.
Scptcmhcr. Amount of drug power, Jr. III.
Preparation.-The fresh plan t in flower, is chopped nnd po unded Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Clnss
to a pulp nnd weighed. Then two pn.rt.'l by weight of alcohol nre
tnkcn, tire pulp mixed thoro ughly wrt h on e-sixth part of it, nnd the
20G HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
DOLICHOS PRURIENS, Li,nn.
Synonyms, Mucuna 1-'ruricns, De Candolle. Ciirpopogon Pruricns.
Stitzolnbium Pruricns.
Nat. Ord., Legu111iuosrc.
Common Names, Uowhngc. Cowitch. Kiwach.
The word cowhagc is :� corruption of the Sanscrit J(api-JCachchu,
meaning monkey's itch. The substance is furnished hy JJ. 7Jrurien.�,
Linn., a ·lo!l.y clin1hing plant with lnrge dark purple pn.pilionnccous
flowers, nnd downy leg11n1cs, in size and shape somewhat like those of
the sweet pen. The tree is co111111011 to the tropical regions of India,
Africa and America. The pods arc densely covered with rigid, pointed,
hrown hairs abnnt one-tenth of' 1111 inch in length. The hairs arc
readily removable from the epidermis, but the opcrntor should wear
glr�vt•s to protect the skin of the hands from the pointed barbs of the
luurs.
The drug was proved by Dr. Jacob Jeanes, U.S.
Preparation.-The hair, carcf'ully scrnpe<l from the epidermis of
the pod, is covered with five parts by weight of alcohol, and nllowed to
remain eight days in :i well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place,
being shaken twice a <lay. The tincture is then poured off, strained
and filtered.
Drug power of tinctur� iir •
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
DORYPHORA DECEMLINEATA.
Class, lnsccta.
Order, Colcoptera.
Family, Chrysornclirm.
Common Names, Uolorndo Beetle. Potato Bug.
This insect makes its home :irnong the foot-hills of the Rocky
Mountains, where it feeds upon a species of solanum growing in that
locality. It nttacks the other solnn1i.ccro (the potato, tomato), nml
con1111its widcsprcncl dcvnstation.
The drug was first proven by Dr. C. Ruden, U. S.
Preparation.-Thc live insccL is crusher! and covered wit.h five
pnrts hy weight of alcohol. Having been poured into a wcll-stoppercrl
boltlc, it is allowed to remain eight dnys in a dnrk, cool place, being
shaken twice a dity.
Amount of drug power, ill"·
DilnLi�ns must be prepared ns directed under Class IV.
DRACO�TIUM FCETIDUM, Linn.
Synonyms, Symplocarpus Freticlus, Sctlisbury. Pothos Fretidus,
Mirha11x. Jctodcs Fcctidus, Bigelow.
Nat. Ord., Arnccrc.
Common Names, Skunk Cabbage. Fretid Hellebore. Polecat
Weed.
HOMCEOPATIIIC PflAHMACEUTICS. :W7
D. Jretidum is n. horribly ill-smelling perennial plnnt, found in low
moist grounds throughout the United St:1.tcs. The large, abrupt root
puts ·out numerous Heshy fibres two foct or more in length. In the
early spring the spathe first appears, purple-spotted, enclosing the spa­
dix, which is oval, the latter being covered with dull purple flowers.
The leaves appear after the flowers, arc numerous, bright green in
color and very large.
Preparation.-The fresh root, gathered in sprii1g, is chopped nnrl
pounded to a pul 1 :1nd weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol
are taken, the pu/p mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the
rest of the alcohol added. Af'lcr having stin-etl the whole well, pour
it into a well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight days in n. dnrk,
cool place. The tincture is thcu separated by decanting, straining
and filtering.
'Drug power of tincture, ½-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss III.
DROSERA.
Synonyms, Droscra Rotundifolin, Li,nn. Rorclla Rotundifolin.
Ros Solis.
Nat. Ord., Drosera_ccro.
Common Names, H.ound-lcnvcd Sundcw. l\Ioor-grnss. Red Rot.
Youth Wort.
This plant grows on turfy ground, thickly covered with short moss,
in the north of Europe, Bavaria, Northern Asi:i and America. The
perennial root is thin, of a deep brown color; stem erect, thin, glabrous,
rough, from two to eight inches high, and, previous to flowering, rolled
upon itself at the summit. The leaves luwc loug peduncles, nre circu­
lar or transversely oval, disposed in a circle, somewhat juicy and
breaking easily, pale green on the lower surface, .and 011 the upper
surface covered with many red hairs which arc provided, at their ex­
tremities, with purple-red fi,llicles, which whc•n exposed to the sun,
exude a clear, viscid Juice. The flower;, arc alternate, on ;,hort peduncles,
white, and open durrng dry, fine ll'cnthcr for a moment about noon.
It wns first proven by H11hnc111ann.
Preparation.-The entire fresh plant, gntherccl at the commence-
ment of flowering, is chopped nm! pounded to n line pulp, cnclo;,rcl in
a piec� of new linen and suhjcctccl to prc.•surc. The expressed _juice is
then. by brisk agitation, mingled ll'ith r111 C'111rtl part hy weight of
alcohol. This mixture is alloll'cd Lo remain eight days in a well•
1toppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, and then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, ½-
Dilutions mtlst be prepared ns directed t11Hlcr Class I.
DULCAMARA.
nonyms, Solauum Dulcamam, Linn. Dulcis Amara.
\ �at.- Ord., Solaoace::e.
 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 209
ELAIS GUINEENSIS, Jacquin.
Nat._Ord., Palmre.
Common Name, Palm Tree.
This species is spread all over South America; it prefers cultivated
and sunny regions. Its trunk, which is from twenty-five to thirty feet
high, is covered by the persistent bases of the leaves. The top-leaves
form a thick tuft; they are large, pinnate, with numerous foliolcs, cnsi­
form, alternate an<;l sessile, attached to :L strong rachis or spike, the
petiolar portion of which is garnished with long and sharp prickles.
The flowers are moncccious, with a pupyraccous perianth having six
divisions. The male flowers have six stamens and three internnl, erect
and converging folioles. They form rnmosc spathes in fusiform masses,
placed between the bases of the leaves. The fcmlllc flowers nre scat­
tered; the ovary is sub-cylindrical, surmounted by a short style with a
bilobnte stigma. The fruit is oval, oleaginous, reddish-yellow, sur­
rounded by a hard and angular pcricarp.
The drug was introduced into our Matcria Mcdica hy Dr. J\lnrc,
Brazil.
Preparation.-The ripe fruit is prepared by trituration, as directed
under Class IX.

El;,ATERIUM.
Synonyms, Ecbalium Elaterium, Richard. l\fom9rdica Elate-
rium, Linn. Cucumis Agrestis.
Nat. Ord., Cucurbitacere.
Common Names, Elaterium. Squirting Cucumber.
E. elaterimn is a coarse, fleshy, clecumbcnt plant, without tendrils.
It hns a thick, whit1:i, perennial root. It. is common in the countries
bordering on the Mediterranean. The fruit is cucumber-like in ap­
pearance, ovoid-oblong, nodding, about one and one-hnlf inches long,
covered with numerous, short, fleshy prickles, which terminate in white,
lengthened points. It is fleshy and green while young, yellowish when
mature. It is three-celled, and contains numerous oblo11g seeds, in a
very bitter, juicy pulp. The fruit when ripe separates suddenly from
. the stalk, and at the same moment the seeds and juice arc forcibly ex­
pelled from the aperture left by the dctnchcd stem. Hence for medici­
nal purposes, the fruit must be collected before the period of maturity.
It wns first proved by Dr. Caleb B. l\fatthcws, United States.
Preparation.-The fruit, not quite ripe, is pounded to n pulp, cu­
closed in a piece of new linen and subjected to pressure. The ex­
pressed juice is then, by brisk ngitation, mingled with an equal part by
weight of alcohol, and allowed to stand eight clays in a well-stoppered
bott1e, in a. dnrk, cool place, and then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, ½.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
210 ROMCEOPATH[C I'J [A.Rl\tACEUTICS.
EPIGlEA REPENS, IJi,nn.
Nat. Ord., Ericncerc.
Common Names, Tmili11g Arbutus. Groun<l Laurel.
This i l)(li�enous plnnt grows in sandy woods and rocky soils, gencr­
nlly prcferrmg the sitles of hills, with a northern cx_p? sure. It is more
commonly found eastward. A prostrate or trailmg plnnt, almost
shru bby, pubescent, with c_vorgrccn, cordatc-ovntc.
_ nltern:itc lenvcs, 011
slender petioles, flowers white or rosc-colorc<l, rn smnll axillary clusters.
Corolla salver-form; the tube villous inside, ns long ns the green cnlyx.
Stnmens ten, Ii laments slender; anthers oblong, opening len gthwise.
Style slender; stigm1t fi vc-lobed. Cnpsule five-lobed, five-ccllc<l, many­
scecled.
Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves arc pounrled to n fine pulp nnd
wei"'hed. Then two pnrt.'> by weight of alcohol nrc taken, and after
Lhofoughly mixing the pulp ,�·ith one-sixth part of it, �he _ rest of the
alcohol is added. After st1n111g the whole well, pour 1t mto n. wcll­
�toppcrcd bottle, nnd let it stand eig)1t day, !n _it rlnrk, cool place. The
tincture is then scpnrntcd hy dccantmg, stra111111g and filtcrmg.
Drug power of tincture, L
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
EQUISETUM ARVENSE, Lti.nn.
Nat. Ord., Equisctacc:-c.
Common Na mes, Common Horsetail. Horsetail Rush.
This is a. leafless plant, with rnsh-likc, simple, smooth, fertile stem,
appearing in }\[arch or April, nnd soon perishing. The barren stems
arc slender, 0110 or two feet, high, green, jointed, about twelve-furrowed,
simple or fow-hranchcd, bearing nt the joints four teeth.
Preparation.-The fresh plant is chopped nnd pounded to n pul1)
and weighed. Then two . parls bf weight of �lcohol nrc t.akcn, the
pulp mixed thoroughly w1t,h 011c-s1xth pnrt of 1t, ancl the rest of the
alcohol added. After stirring the whole well, pour it into n well-stop­
pered bottle an<l let it st:tnd eight_ dnys i1� � dark, cool !? lace. The
tincture is then scpn.rnt.ccl by dccnntmg, stmmmg and filtcrmg.
Drnrr power of tincture, L
Diltrtions must be prepared as clircctcd under Class III.
EQUISETUM HYEMALE, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Equisctacc:-c.
Common Names, Scouring Rush. Shave Grass.
This is a leafless plant of the same genus ns the preceding. It hns
a simple, erect stem, about two foot high, rour:i<l, rough, the ridges
rough by the grooyes, shcnths l�ngthcned, nnd with about
_ twe1�ty nar­
row linear teeth, with a black girdle at the base and tip nt the JO!llts.
The drug was first proven by Dr. Hugh M. Smith, U. S.
Preparation.-The fresh pln.nt is chopped and pounded to a pulp
and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol nrc takon, the
HOMCEOPA'l'HlC PliARMACEUTlCS. 211
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, ann the rest of the
alcohol added. After having stirred the whole well, pour it into a
well-stoppered bottle nncl lot it stnnd eight days in n dark, cool place.
· The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining aud filtering.
Drug power of tinetu re, �.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
-ERECHTHITES HIERACIFOLIA, Rafinesque.
Synonym, Senecio Hieracifolius, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Compositoo.
Common Name, Fireweed.
This is an indigenous plant, growing in moist woods; common espe­
cially northward, springing up where the ground hns been burned
over, hence the popular name. Its grooved stem is from one to fh·e
feet high, frequently hairy. Its leaves nrc altcrnnlc, lnnecol11tc or ob­
long, acute, sharp-dentatc, sessile; the upper nuriclcd and clnsping at,
the base. Flowers whitish, in corymhous hcn<ls. The flowers nrc nil
tubular and fertile, without rnys; involucrc cylinrlricn.1, sr11lcs in n i<in­
gle row, linear, acute. Receptacle naked. Pn.ppus of numerous, fine,
capillary bristles. The plant has a very rank odor. Flowers from
July to September.
.Preparation.-Thc fresh plant, in flower, is chopped aud pounded
to a pulp and weighed. Then two parts hy weight of nlcohol nre tnken,
�e plil p mixed thoroughly with one-sixth pnrt of it, nncl the rest of
e alcohol added. After hnving stirred the whole well, pour it into
.:a well-stoppered bottle and let it stand eight <lays in a dark,cool place.
The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining a11tl filtering.
Drug power of tincture,¼.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
Nat. Ord., Composit:-c.
Common Names, Canada Flenbanc. Horse ·weed.
This� an indigenous annual plant, stem two to six feet high, bristly-
liairy, and divided into many branches. The loaves lincar-lanccolntc,
entire except those at the root, which arc <lcntntc. Tho flowcr-hcnds
are very small, numerous, white and paniclccl. Their oblong calyx and
minute rays, help to distinguish this from other Erigcrons. It flowers
hi July and August.
It was proved by Dr. W. H. Burt, United States.
Preparation.-The fresh plant when in bloom is chopped and
ded to a· pulp and weighed. Then two parts hy weight of alco-
are taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it,
the rest of the alcohol added. After having stirred the whole
ur it into a well-stoppered bottle and let it stand eight days in
, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decanting,
• g and filtering.
 TICS.
213
PHARMACEU
HOM.CEOPATHlC
212 HOMCEOPA'l'HIC PHARMACEUTICS.

MARITIM UM.
Drug pow er of tinctur e, ¼- ERYNGIUM
lifcr:-c.
Dilutions must be preparerl ns directed unclcr Clnss III. Nat. Ord., Umbel Sen. Hol ly.
e, Africa, growing on
pe aml Northern Stems one to two
C om m on Na m
a n ative o f Euro
This pl a nt is
ock creeping, st olo
niforou s.
ERIODICTYON CALIFORNICUM, Bentham. leaves two to
sandy· shores. Rootstc-chotomously branche d. Radicnl ma rgins car­
e inous ,
Synonyms, Eriodictyo n Glutinosum, Bentham. Yerbn San ta. feet high, stout, th rter , suborbiculnr, thre
e -lobed , sp
er, h alf 1111 in
ch
Nat. Ord., Hydrophylln ccrc. five incnes in diamepalmate. Heads about. t hree togethvol u crc of th ree
Common Names, Mountn in Balm. C onsumptivc's "\Vccd. Boar's tilaginous; cau lincmeter, 11.t length ovoid. Primar y in cts ; brnc tcol cs
Weed. to one inch in dia ou s-serrntc bra
t o seve n ovate spi n in diameter ,
An evergreen shrub indigenous to Californin an d Northe rn Mexico, practs; partial of fivef\o vcrs. Flowers one-ei ghth inch
where it inhabits the mountaino us regions. Its lcnves arc used i n trifi:d1 eq�alling the_ ng �111 J uly and Au gust.
medicine. They are ellipticid, lanccolatc, finely serrate or nearly e n­ bltush-wh1te, appeB.n riIva.tls, D ublin, Ire land. ul p
tir e, green, the upper surface exuding n vnrnish-liko substanc e which Proven by E. p l a n t is c hopped
and pounded to a p th e
Thc fres h c t ake n,
covers thorn; white nnd hirsut e unrlorneath. The consp ictto us purple­ · Preparation.- n t w o parts by weight of alcohol ar e rest of the
blue flowers are clustered in racemes. The leaves have an aro matic and weighed. The h pn rt of it, and t h
u ghly wi th
oue-Rixt pou r it into a
and balsamic taste and odor. pulR mixed thoro er h:wing stirred the whole wel l, , cool pince .
This drug was introduced to the homreopnthic profession by prov­ Aft s in a d ark
�cobol. add ed. n d eight clay
:well-stopper ed bott le, nn d Jet it sta g an filtering.
d
ings made under the direction of Dr. G. M. Pe nse, Unite d States.
t he n s epara te d by
clccauting, strainin
Preparation.-The fresh leaves are chopped and pounded to n The tinctu re is
ture, ¼ .
pulp and we ighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, Drug power of tinc epared as directed under Class UL
the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, an d the rest of Dilutio ns m ust be pr
the alcohol a<ldcd. After having stirred the whole well, pour it into a illa rdiere.
GLOBULUS, J,ab
well-stoppere d bottlo, and let it stand eight days in a dark, c ool place. EUCALYPTUS
Th e tincture is then separated by deca nting, straining and filtering.
Nat. Ord., Myr tes, accro. e. 13lue Gum-
Dr ug power of tincture, ¼- Fe ver- tre e. Australian G u m-tre
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
Common Nam m oist re-
tree. un d i n A u stralia
, in v11llcy s an rl in , and at
is fo 200
The blue gum-tre e chcs :1 height of
tain sides. It rcn arc nearly a
ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM, Linn. gions upon the mounis a very rapid grower. The leavesal, all(\ entire.
it c•ov
tiioes of 300 feet ; ecolatc o r lnn cco lal
Synonyms, Eryngium Petiolntum. Eryngium Yuccrcfolium, Mi,. ck, coriaceous, lun with numer ous oil-
·,foot in length, thi lowish-green u ncl they are stucl<led nre two
e mar g in
chmtx. is yel ar th
Nat. Ord., Umbclliferro. �heir color s v e r y pro mi nent and ne he tnstc i s hitter,
b i d t
Common Names, Button Snakeroot. "\Yat er Eryngo. ilands; the midri odo r of the leaves is bal s:1111ic, an t h e ton gue.
e n sation on
This is au indigenous peren nial herb having a simple stem one 11&tera.l veins. · Th
p un ge n t, fol low ed hy a cooling sedica by Dr. A. Maurin ,
to five feet high, with a. p ere nnial tuberous root. Leaves a foot or lCromatic and d into our Ma.tcria
Mo
two in length, ensiform below, broadly linear above. Flowers white , The drug was introduce clccl to 11.
inconspicuous, in globosc heads. The plant is not aquatic in its habit, .ce. sh l eaves arc
ehoppccl nnd p ounarc tnkcn,
The fre
ti>reparation.- Then two parts by weight of 1tl c oh ol
h ut is found growing in dry or damp pine barrcns South and "\Ves t. Lhe rest of
Flowers in July and August. lp and weighed. mixed with one-sixth pn rt of ii, andour it into a
ghly well , p
_ipulp thorou g stirred the wh ole a dark, cool pince.
It was first proven by Dr. C. H. McClelland, United State s. ded. After hav in in
Preparation.-The fresh root is chopped and poundccl to a. pulp bl? alcohol add bottle, and let it stan d eight da)'!' ning 11.n d filtering.
:�U:etoppere dec ant ing , str ai
and w eighed. Then two parts by weight of al cohol are tnken, the separated by
pulp mixed thoroughly wi th one-six th part of it, and the re st of the 1e. tincture is then ctu re, i.
ti n
Drug po wer of under Class UL
alcohol added. Alter having stirred the whole w ell, pour it into a prepared as directed
well-stopp ered bottle, and let it stand eight clays in a dark, cool place. 'Dilutions must be
The tincture is then separated by decan ting, strnining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, ¼- Candolle. Myr tus Jambos.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed unde r Cla..."8 III. S�onyms, Jamb osa Vulgaris, De
re.
Nat, Ord., M.yrtace
214 TTOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Common Names, J\falabnr Plum-tree. Rose-apple.
This beautiful Lrce is n native of the Iudies nnd the wnrm countries
of' America; it is never without flowers or fruit, and attains a height
of: twenty to forty feet; the bark of the trnnk is reddish-brown, that
of the brnuches cracked but smooth; leaves altcrnntc entire lan­
cinntc veined, nnd f'ull of points, in length six Lo eigi11, lines: of a
1�ccp �rccn nbo\'C, pale green below; peduncles terminal, ramosc, mu 1-
t�flnrn!; fln\\'?rs large, of 11 dull yellow; fruit 1tl11111st sphC'rical, of the
size of n medium pear, _ofn. fine pale yellow, approaching to rose color;
seeds. mon_
_ ospcr111011s, with four angles, nnd cn,·elo1wd in a thin JH·lli t l<·;
t!1e fn11t 1s eaten, but the seeds, and above all the rnvclopc, arc con­
sulerC'd poiHono11s; the root of this tree, it is snid, contnins one of the
most ,·iol1·nL poi�m1s.
This drug was proven by Dr. Hering.
Preparation.-Thc fresh seeds are chopped nn<l pounded to n
p11 Ip ni�d weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc tnken, the
pulp n11xcd thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, nnd the rest of' the
alcohol nrlc!cd. After having stirred the whole well, pour it into a
,1·cll-stoppcrcd boUle, and let it stnnd eight days in a dark, eool
placc. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and fil­
_ Leaves corymbous nt summit, pctiolntc, opposite, lancc-oYRtc, obtusely
tcnng..
Drug power of tincture, A.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
EUONYMUS ATROPURPUREUS, Jacquin.
Synonyms, Ruonymus Cnrolincnsis. Euonymus Tristis.
Nat. Ord., Celastracero.
Common Names, ,vahoo. Spindle-tree. Burning-bush.
This is n shrub (fro111 four to ten foct in height). Lcnvcs opposite,
pcLiolntc, elliptic-ovate, pointed, serrate. The small and dark purple
flowers arc four-parted. The cnpsule or pod is smooth, crimson, nnd
deeply four-lohcd. The plant is indigenous throughout the Northern
,v
and cstcrn States.
Preparation.-Thc fresh bark of the twigs nnd root of the uncul­
tivntcd plant, is chopped 1in<l Jot111dccl to a pulp nnd weighed. Then
two parts by weight of alcohol are taken, the pulp thoroughly mixed
with one-sixth part of it, nnd the rest of the alcohol added. After
having stirred the whole well, pour it into a well-stoppered bottle, anrl
let it stand eight days in a dark, cool place. The tincture is then
separated hy decanting, straining and filtcriug.
Drng power of tincture, fr•
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
EUONYMUS EUROP.lEUS, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Cclastrnccro.
Common Name, Spindle-tree.
The common spincllc-trcc is a bush occurring everywhere in Europe,
HOM<EOPA'l.'lll(; l'H�\RMACEUTlCS. 215
in hedges and woods, becoming sometimes as large ns a tree. It has
lanceolate, at the margin crenatc, lcnvcs, nnd small, pale green raceme
four-petaled flowers on forked peduncles. The f1eshy seed-capsule, rosc­
colored when ripe, mostly qunclriloculnr, contains as many roundish,
. saffron-yellow seeds, of a disagrcc1iblc smell and bitter taste.
Preparation.-The fresh fruit, as soon as it begins to turn red, is
pounded to a pulp, enclosed in n piece of new liucu and subjected to
pressure. -The expressed juice is then, by hrisk agitation, mingled with
an equal part by weight of nJcohol, and allowed to slnnd eight days in
a well-stoppered bottle, in a dnrk, cool place, nnd then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, 1.
Dilutions must be prcpnrctl ns directed under Class I.
EUPATORIUM AROMATICUM, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Cornposit::c.
· Common Names, Pool Root. ,vhite Snake-Root.
This is nn indigenous pl1111L, growing in copses, from Mns.�achusctls
to Virginia and southwnrd, nenr the coast. The entire plant is slightly
pubescent. The stem is slender, nearly simple, ahouL two feet high.
serrnte, not pointer!. The large heads are ten and fifteen flowered,
white and aromatic.
Preparation.-The frC"sh root, gathered in autumn, is choppecl and
pounded to n pulp aud weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol
are taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth pnrt of it, ancl the
rest of the alcohol aclclccl. After having sl.irred the whole well, pour
it into a well-stoppered bottle nnd let it stand eight tlays inn dark, cool
place. The tincture is then sepnratcd by dccnnting, straining mul fil­
tering.
Drug power of tincture, L
Dilutions must be prcpnrcd as directed under Cln..."S III.
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM, Linn.
Synonym, Eupatorium Snlvi:dolium.
Nat. Ord., Co111posiLrc.
Common Names, Ague Weed. Boncsct. Thoroughworl. Veg­
etable Antimony.
This is a hairy percnninl, foun<I throughout the Unite<! Stntcs nnd
Canada. The round, erect sLcm is from two to four foct high, branch­
ing near the summit. Leaves opposite, perfolintc-connnLc, crenatc-scr­
ratc, pale beneath. Flowers are white, in dense flat-topped corymbs.
It flowers from July to September.
The dmg wns first proven hy Drs. '\V. '\Villinmson and Neid hard, U.S.
Preparation.-The fresh herb, just in bloom, is <:hopped nnd
pounded to a fine pulp nnd weighed Then two pnrts by weight of
alcohol are taken, the pulp thoroughly mixed with one-sixth part of it,
and the rest of the alcohol added. After having stirred the whole well,
21G UOMCEOPATHIC PJIAH�CACEUTICS.
pour it into a well-stoppered bottle, and let it stnncl eight clnys in a
dnrk, cool pince. The tincture is then scparntc<l by dcc1L11ting ' stmin-
ing nnd lillcring.
Drug power of tincture, i.
Dilutious must be prepared as directed under Class III.
EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Compositro.
Common Names, Grnvcl-root. Joe Pye Weed. Purple Bonesct.
Queen of the .Meadow. Trumpet Weed.
This_ is a hc!·baceous p
_ erennial plnnt, with a green, somrtimrs 111rple
stem, five or six feet !ugh, lcnvcs ovate, serrate, rngoscly vcinc<,1 pcti­
olatc, whorled in fours o r_ fives. The flowers arn pale purple, in a
lax corymb. It grows III low grounds, from Virginia northward.
Flowers u1 August and September.
The Rrovings were made under direction of Dr. B. L. Dresser,
Uni tcd States.
Preparation.-The fresh root, gathered in autumn, is chopped
and pounded to n pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of
alc �hol are taken, the pulp thoroughly mixed with one-sixth part
of 1t, and the r�t ?f the alcohol added. After havin� stirred the
whole_ well, pour 1t mto a well-stoppered bottlr, and let 1t stand eight
days 111 a dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decant­
ing, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, L
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
EUPHORBIA COROLLATA, Linn.
Nat Ord., Euphorbiaccro.
Common Names, Bowman's Root. Large-flowering Spurge.
l\Iilk Wccd. Wild I pccac.
�n erect, smooth, pcrcnninl plant, growing in various Stntcs of the
Umon, anJ abundantly in the south nnd west. The full grown root is
one and a half to two foct long, cylindrical and but little branched.
Stem simple, tw_o to three fc?t high.. Leaves oblong-ovnte, linear, ob­
tuse. Flowers 111 umbels, J1chotomously brnnchcd. The lnrge, white
calyx rcs_cmbles n co:olla; it is rotate, has five petal-like segments,
each hnvrng n grecmsh gland nt the base. It flowers in July nml
August.
It was introduced into our Matcria Mcdica by Dr. E. M. Hnlc, U.S.
Preparation.-The fresh root is chopped nnd pounded to a pulp
and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the
alcohol added. After having stirred the whole well, pour it into a
well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight days in a dnrk, cool
place. The tincture is then separntcd by decanting, straining nnd fil­
tcrin�.
Drug power of tincture, i.
D'i!utions mu�t be prepared as dircctc<l Ull(lcr Class TJI.
HOJIICEOPATI-IIC PHARMACEUTICS. 217
EUPHORBIA HYPERICIFOLIA, Li.nn.
Nat. Ord., Euphorbiaccrc.
Common Names, Milk Par:<lcy. Spurge.
Th� plnnt is indigenous to the United States, where it is very com­
mon ID open places nnd culti,·atc,l soils. Jts stem is smooth or
spa�ely hirsute, erect, a foot or two high; leaves ohli,p1c at the obtuse
or slightly cordat? ha�c, ovate-oblong or ohlong-liucar, sometimes !id­
eate, ser:nte (h_nlf an 111cl_1 to one . and a half inch long), often spotlcd
or 1_narg111ed with 1 :cd; st1pules ),riang11 Jar; peduncles longer than the
petioles, collected 111 loose leafy cymcs at the ends or the branches·
appen_dngcs of the involucrc entire, larger and white, or smaller and
sometnncs . red; pod glnbrous, obtusC'ly angled; seeds ovate, obtusely
n11gled, wrmklcd nnd tuUcrclcd, half a line long, blackish.
Pre.l?aratio �.-The fresh plant i? choppc<l and pounded to a pulp
n� d weighed. 1hen .two par� by wmgh� o_ f hlcohol arc taken, the pulp
mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of 1t, and the rest of the nlcohol
added. After lmving stirre,l the whole well, pour it into a ,rnll-stop­
�crcd bo_ttlc, and let it stand eight days in n dark, cool pince. The
tincture 1s then separated by decanting, straining and filtering.
Amount of clrng power, A.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
EUPHORBIA VILLOSA.
Synonyms, Euphorbia Pilosa, Li.nn. Euphorbin Sylvcstris.
Nat. Ord., Euphorhiaccrc.
Common Name, Spurge.
This variety is imligrnous to Europe from fiouthcrn Frnnce a)Hl Ger­
many southwards, aud \Vcstcr11 Siberia, where it is found growiu� in
copses and hedges. Rootstock stout; :<lems one to three feet !ugh,
stout, leafy, much branchrd aho,·c; lcan!S two to five inches long,
obtuse, narrowed at t,hc base, lower obscurely pctinlccl, upper sessile;
bracts short, oltcn orbicular; in\"Olucre large; glands large, oblong,
. purple; capsule one-filth inch long, glands prominent, with pencils of
hairs; seeds broacl, brown. Flowers appear in l\Iay and June:
Preparatio�,--Thc fresh root i� chopped and pounded to a pulp
a�d weighed. Ihen two parts by weight of alcohol are taken, the pulp
mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, nncl the rest of the alcohol
added. After having stirred the whole well, pour it into n wcll-stop­
�ered bottle, nncl let it slancl eight days in a dark, cool place. The
trncture is then scp:.mitcd by decanting, straining and filtering.
Amount of drug power, L
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
EUPHORBIUM.
Syn onyms, Euphorbia Resinifera, Berg. Euphorbium Tenella.
Nat• Ord., Enphorbiacere.
Common Name, Euphorbium.
 ACl-:UTICS. 219
HOMCEOPA'l'HIC PTTARM
218 HOMCEOPATHIC PlfARMACIWTICS.
D ug power of tincture, �-
as directed under Class II.
E. rnsinifcra is n lenlless, glnueous, perenn ial plnnt, nnlive of l\Tnr­ Dilutions must be prepared
roc co, wlH're it grows on t,he lowrr Rlop<'fl of I.he At,lns J\1ounlni11s. J L'>
slc111s arc nsccmling, fleshy, four-nnglcd nncl cnc taccous. It is without
EUPION. 1·u;lt·11 at·ion of
leaves, simple depressions indicnti11 g lcaf:l111rl s ; helow cnch depression • I s resu 111· 11 ,.,,, from t he dry <
instead of stipules nrc divergent, horizontal, strnight spines studding Th.lS is one. of. the ]H0<1' uc er 1! : arti cle Kreosotum.
f 't und
wood. Mention 1s matI c oertolcl . ,
11
the stem at intervals. At the s11111111its of' the branches arc p cd11nc11lnlc
1

cymcs of three flowers. Upon making incisimr s in the grcrn flrshy It was pro".'cn by Dr. U , j �l�· Use .-One part by weight of
op t
hr:111chcs of' the plant It milky juice exudes, which hardens by exposure Preparati o n f<;> r � o ma: pai·t�· h)' weight of'!)!i per cent. alcohol.
- inc
lo the a ir ns it flows clown, and thus encrusts Lhc stems. The gum resin eu ion is dissol vcd ! 11 Hmcty �
· - .
is collected in Lhe 1:it,tcr part, of the su111111 cr, a nd the gat herers nrc �f�s ,lirectc<l 1n1 dcr Class VI P
�il�lti��� �:l:� \:����-'� ;;1;:e
v

oblige d to protect, mouth and nost,rils, by Lying a cloth over them,

against, the acridity of t,he irritating dust. E11phorhi11m, ns found in ULENTUM, Jrfamch.
co111111cr cc, is in irregular piece!', seldom more thnn 011c inc h in their FAGOPYRUM ESC
gre11tcst, diameter. It is a wnxy-looki ng, brittle substa nce of a dull agopyrum, Linn.
Synonym, Polygonu111 F
yel low or bro wn c olor, with portions of t,hc spiny stem i111bcdded in it, Nat. O rd., ]'olygonace::c.
or if t,he spines luwe shrunken and fallen out, their places are repre ­ cnt .
Co mmo n Name, _l3u?kwh but is cullivate<l in
sented by holes. The dust arising when powdering the drug exc ites us Lo Central Asin
This is nn ann ual, 111d1gc11o .
s l h wit h triangular cordate
sneezing, and if i t be inhaled is extremely poisonous. Its odor is
most parts of the w or)d. J _ ts · �le1 1
; �;� white or whitish,
o
; s
s
slightly aromat ic 11ml its taste is persisten t and acrid. lintl n�n s icn . Flo wer
or hastatc leaves, sem1-cy l es C
�• 1l )•'· J >elnl-likc, equ ally five-
The drug was introduced into our 1\f atcria 1\[cdica by Hahnem ann . • 1c ·
Y1n
in corymbosc raccm<'s or J ose1l bctwccn
unc 1 in n 1 • · f·uit · Intcrp
A

P reparati o n.-Thc powdcrc1l gum resin is covered wit h 11\·e pnrts arted, withcrin g and _nearly Styles t hree,
?i 'm ci1Iow la nd .
by wcio-ht of' alcohol, and allowed to remain eight dnys in a well-stop­ ihe eight stamens arc c1g l!t ho11r-hc1!\ ��if' }cute nt�l ell tire, lougcr thnn
s

t irec-s1 < c
pered bottle, in a da rk, cool pince, being shaken twice a day. The stigma capiLatc . Achc)llum '
tincture is the n poured off, strain ed nncl filt,crcd. the cnly x . tes.
ch co ck , United Sta
Drug power of tincture, r1tr• It was proven by Dr. Dex·trr Hit . c phnt is chopped and pounded
Dilutions must be prepared as dirccte1l under Cl ass IV . hc fr s 1 i, ma L u
P reparati on -T of nlcohol are
TI t eI 1 two pnr. Ls '1i)' \\•e·1 ght of it, a nd tie
e 1

to a p u lp nm\ w�1· gI icd . u h y ith one -six t par t I

EUPHRASIA. taken, the pulp m1xecl thoro �t � l ·win stirred t he whole well, pour
w h

rest of the itlc ohol a<!ded. A l cr i" ft st,aud eight chtys i_n _ a dur k,
Syno nym, Euphrnsia Offieinalis, I.Ann. tL c, a m let
Nat. Ord.,, 'crophulariacc..'"C. it int o a wcll-stoppe1 cd b? \ ien scp a1.. ,1tcd by decanting, strammg nud
is t
Co mmo n Name, Eycbright. coo l pince. T he tincture
filte ring .
This little irnnual plan t gro ws in the meadows on the borders of . . \
Amou nt of drug J)O\\CI, ... s threelet I u 11 dr1• Cla• ss Ill.
.
foresL�, all o ver Europe. The root is very sm all, hairy; the i:>tem pre par ed
Dilutiuus must be
a
rounded, downy, from five to twelve inches high, mmose nt the h:ii:>e,
and sometimes simple; leaves nlLernntc, s essile, ovnl, ohtusc, glabrous,
thick, sharp-toothed; flower� axillnry, in a terminal spike; calyx FARFARA.
, Linn.
cylindric, f'our-le:wcd; corolla white, labiatcd, lobed; capsu le double, Syno nym, Tussiln�o Farfara
oval, oblong; anthers two-ho rned, spinous a t the base, on one of the Nat. Ord., Co1 1 1pos1 �.
t.
lobes. Common Name, <;Jo l _tsfoo soil in Europe
lt, was pro ven hy Hahncmann. ial her b is fou nd g.10\1_1··ng in dnm heavy
This per enn . t-sto�k a. foot or foot and a.
Prepa rati o n.-The fresh plant, omitting the root, gathered when a crc�p11�g io
and Northern Asia. I t hn� - f lea ves are r adical,
in flower in July and August, principally f!·om poo1;-soilcd, sunny pla_ ces, s h \\'\ntc _1111��;1\;: TheH
ha.If long, yell owish or grny! _ n ro u 1 lish-cordntc, shnr ­
p
is chopped ancl p o unded to a pulp and wCtghcd. Then take two-thmls _ six i_ ci
on long 1:ictio les, arc neitrly e is < i°5 .
111 ;'.' rrccn 'nm \ s111 oot , t e und er
by weight of a lcohol, and moisten the chopped pla!1t with as much sur fac
h
er s.
h
Serr ate· t eir upp Iirru l tc ray
' 1 c flower-'1 1ca gds I.i.t,• c )·cllow 0
of it as is necessary to make a thick pulp, and stir well ; ndd the whitish and tomcutous. TI
h a
r nti J!ll! llbe r nlloul-
•

r
I c rsk arc
f, tie tub ula
rest of' the alcohol, mix t,horoughly nnd strnin lege artis through a in many rows, t he florets o
a

piece of new linen. The tincture thus obtain ed is a llowed to stand twenty .
eight dn.ys i n a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, and then
filtered .
220 TIOMCEOPATHIC PIIAIU\IACEU'l'ICS.
Preparation.-The fresh herb is chopped and pounded to n. pulp
nnd weighed. Thcu two pnr"ls by weight of nlcohol nre tnkcn, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, nnd the rest of' the
alcohol added. After hnvine- stirred the whole well, pour it into n.
well-stoppered b_ottlc, and let rt stand eight days, in a dark, cool place.
The tincture is then scpn.rntcd by decanting, strniniug an<l filtcrirrg.
Drng power of ti"ncturr, t·
Dilutions must be prcparccl ns directed unclcr Class III.
FERRI ET STRYCHNilE CITRAS.
Citrate of Iron an<l Strychnia.
Preparation of Citrate of Iron and Strychnia.- Take of the
citrate of irou and ammonium 98 parts; strychnin, citric acid, each
one part; distilled water 120 parts. Dissolve the citrate of iron and
ammonium in 100 parts, and the strychnia together with the citric
ncid in 20 parts of the distilled water. Mix the two solution�, evapo­
rate the nuxture by means of a water-bath, at n. temriernture not ex­
ceeding 140 ° F., to the consistence ofsyrnp; and spread it upon plates
of' g-la�s, so tha,t whcu dry, the salt may be obtained iii scales.
This. is a mixture of citrate of strychnia with citrate of irou and
a Ill lllOn llt m.
Properties.-This compouncl is iu thin transparent scales, garnet­
reel in color, nnd clcliqucsccnt. They arc without odor and have a
chalyhcatc, hitter tnste; they dissolve easily in wat,cr, but iu alcohol
they arc only slightly soluble.
Tests.-Jf prepared from materials previously tester] and founrl
free_ from _impurities, the compound will be pure. For identification
the followmg tests nrny be used: Dissolve one pnrt of the double ,;nit
!n four pa�·ts of w:�t.cr, then ad<l one pnrt of liquor pota�s:-c; the whole
�s to he agitated with two parts of ch(orofo!·m. The chloroformic layer
rs to be rc111ovcd, anrl after cvaporntron wrll leave a residue which can
b? identified as st_rychnia _b the tests mentioned .in the article Stry?h­
rn.num. Ammonia. �as WII r b? evolved by heatmg a watery solution
of· the double salt with potass111m hyclrat.c. Ferric iron will be inrli­
cateil _hy nrld_ ing to � dilute �olution of' the compound. a few drops of
pota�s1um fcrrocynmdc solutwu, when after acidification with HCI a.
blue _ c�loration will appear, th� color_ hci1!g destroyed hr addinp; n:11-
mo111:t III exce:<s. ,Vhcn n. portton of the citrate is icrnitcc on platinum
foil, acid fumes come ofi� whose odor is similar to tl�at of burnt sugar '
hut not ident.ieal with the odor from nu ip; nitcd tartrate.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Citrntc of i ron ancl
strychnia is prepared by triturntion, as directed under Class VII.
FERRUM.
Synonyms, Fcrrum Mctallicurn. Fcrrum Rcdactum. Ferrum
ltcd11ct,u n1. Fc'1T11m Hydrogenio Rc<luctum.
Co�mon Name, Iron.
llOMCEOPA'fHIC l'HARMACEUTICS. 221
�Preparation of Iron by Hydrogen.-Thcrc a.re three stages in
this process. 1. The preparntion of a pure ferric hydrnte from ferric
chloride, drying and powdering the same; 2. Submitting the ferric
hydrate at n red heat to the reducing action of n. continuous stream of
pure hydrogen gas as long as vapor of water comes off; and finally
continuing the stream of hydrogen until the reduced iron has cooled.
The process is hardly suitable to the pharnmccutical labqrn.tory, and
perfectly pure reduced iron is obtairmble. It is stated on high author­
ity that prcpnr;ttions of iron by hydrogen, mnde in France, a.re more
or less impure nucl not free from ferrous sulphide.
Properties.-lron reduccil by hydrogen is 1m odorlcss, tnstcless,
fine, gray powder (not bin.ck), somewhat lighter in weight than pow­
dcrccl iron. It can be readily compacted by strong pressure; when
rubbed thus in n. mortar it shows metallic strcnks, and when a small
amount is hammered on nn anvil, a brilliant scale of the metal is pro­
duced. A lighted match inflnmes it readily, the powder burning to
ferric oxicle.
Tests.-Its complete solubility in dilute hydrochloric acid is a real
test of its value. One part of reduced iron is trcatccl with twelve
parts of the dilute acid, and after hydrogen gas ccnses to be evolved,
the mixture is heated to boiling; a greenish or greenish-yellow solution
should result. ,Vhcn treated with one hundred volumes of n. 3 per
cent. brominc-wn.tcr nncl digested with the air] of a gentle heat, the
bromine will, in the course of half an hour, unite with the pure iron;
after diluting with nn equal quantity of water, the undissolvccl residue
of forroso-fcrric oxide is to be collected on a tarecl filter, wnshcd "·ith
dilute alcohol and weighed; its amount shoulc1 not exceed 50 per cent.
of the wci!fht of the rccluccrl iron originally taken for the test. Ferrous
sulphide, rf present, will be detected on first dissolving the reduced
iron in dilute hydrochloric acid, when the evolved gns will blacken
filter paper moistened with n solution of lead acetate
Ferrum wns provcu by Hahnemann.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Pure reduced iron is
prepared by trituration, as directed under Clnss VII.
.FERRUM ACETICUM.
Synonyms, Ferri Acetas. Ferric Acetate. Ferrum Oxydatum
Aceticum.
Common Name, Acetate of Iron.
Formula, Fe 2 (C 2 H 3 0 2 )2•
Preparation of Acetate of Iron.-"Take of solution of persul-
phate of iron, two and a half fluid ounces; acetate of potash, two ounces
(avoird.); rectified spirit, a sufficiency. Dissolve the acetate of potash
in ten fluid ounces, and add the pcrsulphatc of iron to eight fluid
!>Unces of the spirit; then mix the two solutions in a two-pint bottle,
and shake them well together, repenting the agitation several times
during an hour."-Br. P. After the precipitate settles, decant the clcnr
liquid and evaporate to dryness at n. temperature of about 60 ° C.
(140 ° F.).
222 ROMffiOPATRIC PHAHMACEU'r!CS. HOMffiOPATRIC PHARMACEUTICS'. 223

�_roperties an � Tests.-Ferric �cctntc is n dnrk hrown uncrys• FERRUM BROMATUM.

�nlhza lc mass lrnvmg n str ?n�ly !1strm �cnt tostc. J � �houl�I he kept
_ �sto pe1e Synonym, Ferrous Bromide. Ferri Bromidum.
m ,rn H �
.'
� bottles, �s 1t 1eadily suf-lers dccompos1t1011; 1t must be Common Name, Bromide of Iron.
pro�cted h-0111 light. It 1s �oluble in three or fom parts of cold wntcr Formula, Fe Br 2 •
(b01lmg water �ecomposes 1�)- lts alc?hol!c sol�tion, when precipi­ Molecular Weight, 216.
tated by nm !nonnm1 l�ydratc m excess, ,nil give a hltrnte which should Preparation of Bromide of Iron.-Bromine combines readily­
evaporate without residue.
F�rrurn aceticum was used by Hahnemann, an<l is included in his with iron. The preparation may be conveniently made by adding to
provmgs of Ferrum Metallicum. one part of iron !ilings or iron wire clippings in some water, two parts
Prepa�ati<?n ror Ho_m�opatJ::iic Use.-Onc part by weight of of bromine; the mixture is to be digested until the liquid assumes a
ar.rtate of 1ro1 � 1s d1,;solvcd 1n 11111cty-nmc parts by wcigltt of strong alcohol. green tint, and then the whole is thrown upon a filter. The filtrate is
J\ �noL!nt of drng power, Tin,· to be evaporated to dryness on a water-bath.
-Properties.-Js a. gr .yish-black amorphous mass; it readily oxi­
a
Dil11t1m1s mu><t he prepared ns directed under Ulnss Vl-/3
The solu�ions and dilutions do not keep well, aud should, ·therefore' dizcs ou exposure to the air, and then becomes brown in color. Hcnted
always be freshly prepared. . to redness in the air it is decomposed into ferric oxide aurl ferric bro­
Triturntions arc prcp1ucd ns directed under Clnss VII. mide, the ln.tter volatilizing au<l condensing in yellow scales. It is a
dangerous poison.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The pure bromide of
FERRUM ARSENICICUM. iron is prepared by Lrituration, ns directed under Class VII.
Synonyms, Ferroso-forric Arsenate. Ferri Arscnias. Ferrum
Arseniatum. FERRUM CARBONICUM.
Common Name, Arsenate of Iron. Synonyms, Ferrous Carbonate. Ferri Carbonas Saccharata.
Formula, 2 Fe 3_ As� 0 8 , 4 Fe As 0 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , 32 H 2 O. Common Name, Saccharatcd Carbonate of Iron.
Molecular Weight, 2408. Formula, Fe CO 3 , H 2 0.
. Preparation of Arsenate of Iron.-" Tnke of sulphntc of iron Molecular Weight, 134.
111ne ounces; arsenate of soda, dried at 300 ° F. four ounces• ncctatc of Preparation.-Fivc parts of pure sulphate of iron, dissolved iu
n­
soda, three ounces; boiling distilled water, a s�fficiency. J)issolvc the twenty parts of distillcJ water, are mixed with four parts of bicarbo
ars_cna� and :icetate of sod :i in two pints, :tnd the sulphate of iron in ate of soda dissolvccl in fifty parts° of distilled water, and for t\\·o hours
tl�ice pmf:5 of the water, 1111_x the two solut10ns, collect the white preci­ exposed to a temperature of 100 C. (212 F.). The precipitate thor•
°
as
pitate wluch forms, o_n a calico filter, and wash until the washings cease oughly frcccl from sulphuric acid, collecte nnd ns well prc.<ssed out
d
t� be affecte� ?Y a dilute solution of chloride of barium. Squeeze the possible, is then mixed with eight pnrts by weight of sugar and thor­
"asl�cd prec1p1tate _bet11:een folds �f strong linen in a screw press, anrl oughly dried in a. water-bath.
dry it ou porous bncks m a warm Ulr-chamber, whose temperature shall This preparation contains one-fifth of ferrum carb., and when tritu­l
not exceed 100 ° F."-Br. P. rated with the same quantiLy of sugar of milk gives the first decima
. Properties.-Arsenate of iron, as prepared by the ahovc process
is{1'b am_orphous powder of a greenish or bluish-green color and is in�
so u !c m_ water �ud nlco(iol. It dissolves readily in dil:,te hydro­
trituration.
Further triturations arc prepared as directed under Class VIL
chloric a ?,d, furmmg � bnght yellow solution. The solution when
trca�c� with ferro-cyanide or ferri-cyanide of potassium, gives 'a blue FERRUM IODATUM.
prec1p1�ate, more, abund :int an� of a deeper tint when the latter re­ Synonyms, Ferrous Iodide. Ferri Iodidum.
a nt IS used. f!1e acid . S?lut1ou, when treated with hydrogen s111- Common Name, Iotlidc of Iron.
l�rude, shows a wl11te y�·ee1_p1tate at first, of separated sulphur; this is Formula, Fe I 2 •
followed by the prec1p1tat1011 of the yellow sulphide of arsenic. The Molecular Weight, 310.
one and
substa_nce resembles phosphate of iron in appearance, but may be dif­ Preparation of Iodide of Iron.-"Take of fine iron wire, ounces.
feren�rntcrl �rom the phosphate by its behavior when boiled with ; iodine , three ounces ; distilled water, fifteen fluid
a half ounces a flask, and
caustic so�:i. 111 _excess '.1nd exactly neutralized by nitric acid and then Put the iodine, iron, and twelve ounces of the water into the heat
treated mth s1lvcr_ 111trate s�lution ; a brick-red precipit�te occurs. having heated the mixture gently for about ten minutes, raise quickly
The phospha�c of iron under like conditions gives a yellow precipitate and boil until the froth becom es white. Pnss the solutio n ns
d iron,
. P�eparat1on for _Hof1=ceopathic Use.-The pure nrscnate of as possible through a wetted cnlico filter into a dish of polishe
1rou 1s Pieparcd by tnturat10u, as directed under Class VII.

22-1 HO)lCEOPATlilC PHARMACEU'l'JCS.
washing the filter with the remnindcr of the wnter, nnd boil down until
n d rop of Lhc solution tnken out on the end of 1tu iron wire solidifies
on cooliug. The liquid should now be pow·ed out on a porcelain dish,
and, as soon ns it has solidified, should be broken into fragments and
incloscd iu a well-stoppered bottle."-Br. P.
Properties and Tests.-Ferrous iodide, if anhydrous, is white in
color; if prcpnred ns nbove directed, and protected from the air, it is in
green deliquescent crystals contnining five molecules of water of crys­
tallization. When the iodide is obtained by heating or triturating
iodine with a slight exct'ss of iron filings, it is a brown compound which
melts at a red heat, forms a grny laminar mass on cooling, and volatil­
izes at a. stronger heat. It dissolves readily in water, forming a pitle
�rccn solution, which, by evaporation, yields the green crystals of the
officinal process. Both crystals and solution, when exposed to the air,
very quickly turn brown from the formation of oxy-iodide and the
scpu.r:i.tion of ferric hydrate and iodine. It cannot be kept unnltercd
either in the solid state or in solution. Its constituents arc readily
identified, potassium fcrricyanide producing in its solutions a dark
blue precipitate (ferrous iron); if chlorine be added to its solution, the
ln.ttcr will color starch mucilage blue (presence of iodine).
It was proven by Dr. Miiller, Germany.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The pure nod freshly
prepared iodide of iron is triturated, as directed under Class VIL
FERRUM LACTICUM.
Synonyms, Ferrous Lactate. Ferri Lactas.
Common Name, Lactate of Iron.
Formula, Fe (C 3 H 6 0 3 )�, 3H� 0.
Molecular Weight, 288.
Preparation of Lactate of Iron.-Ferrous lactate is prepared
by boiling dilute lactic acid with iron filings. To a pint of distilled
water add one fluid ounce of lactic acid and half an ounce (troy) of
iroa filings; the whole is to be digested in an iron ve..c:sel, and the vol,
ume of the mixture is to be kept intact by the addition of distillcci
water from time to time, to supply the loss by evaporation. ,vhcn
the evolution of gas has wholly ceased, the liquid is to be filtered while
hot, and the filtrate set nside in a glass or porcelain vessel to crystal­
lize. At the end of two days the crystals may be removed, washed
with nlcohol and dried between folds of bibulous pal?er.
Properties.-Officinal ferrous lactate is a whitish or white with a
pnlc yellowish-green tinge, crystalline powder, whose tnste is sweetish
and weakly metallic. It is soluble in fifty parts of cold and in ten of
boiling water, and is insoluble in alcohol. Its solutions react ncicl to
test paper, nnd when exposed to the air become brown in color from
the formation of the ferric compound.'
Tests.-Fcrrous lactate should, when treated with fifty parts of
cold water, form a greenish-yellow solution; this solution after filtra­
tion sh�uld, when treated with neutral solution of lead acetate, give
lIOMCEOPATlilC l'li,Ut.\lACEUTICS. 225
only a faint turbidity, a marked turbidity or precipitate showing the
presence of ferrous sulphate or tartratc. A solution of ferrous lactate
- .. when treated with caustic alkali in c:-ccc.c;.�, tho filtered solution warmed
� and treated with cupric sulphate, should not coagulate (absence of
gum), nor should any precipitate occur when boiled (absence of dcx,
trin and milk-sugar).
It was proven by Dr. l\lilller, Germany.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Thc pure lactate of iron
is prepared by tritumtion, as directed under Class VIL
FERRUM MAGNETICUM.
Synonyms, Ferruso-ferric Oxide. Ferrum Oxydatum Magneti­
cum. Ferri Oxidun1 l\fogncticum.
Common Names, Magnetic Oxide of Iron. lllack Oxide of Iron.
Loadstouc.
Formula, Fe 3 0 1 = Fe 0, Fe 2 0 3 •
Molecular Wei ght, 232.
Preparation of Magnetic Oxide of Iron.-Takc of solution of
pcrsulphatc of iron, five nnd one-half fluid ounces; s11lphate of iron,
two ounces; sol11tion of soda, five pints; distilled water, a suflicicncy.
Dissolve the s11lplrnt,c of iron in Lwo and one-half pints of the water,
and add to it the solution of pcrsulphate of iron; then mix this with
the solution of soda, stirring them well together. Boil the mixture,
let it stand for two hours, stirring it occasionally; then put it on n
calico filter and wnsh until the washings cease to give a precipitate with
chloride of barium. Lnstly, dry the precipitate at a temperature not
exceeding 120 ° F.-Hr. P.
Properties and Tests.-It is a tasteless, brownish-black powder,
which is strongly attracted by the magnet; it rlissolv<'s without offor­
vesceocc in warm hydrochloric acid diluted with half its volume of
water, and this solution gives blue precipitates with forrocyanidc aml
ferricyanidc of potassium. When hcnLcd in a tc!'!t-tubt' it gives off
moisture which condenses in the cool part of the _tube, nm! when the
heat is continued in contncL with the air, red ferric oxide is left. Its
solution in HCl, when treated with H 2 S, should only show a white
precipitate of separated sulphur. The presence of sulphate from io­
comP,lete washing, will be shown by agitating n. portion of the powder
with distilled water, and then testing the walcr· with barium chloride
in the usual way.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The pure magnetic ox­
ide of iron is prepared by trituration, as directed under Class VIL
FERRUM MURIATICUM.
Synonyms, Ferric Chloride. Ferri Chloridum. Ferrum Sesqui­
chloratnm.
Common Names, Chloride of Iron. Muriato of Iron. Sesqui­
.chloride (Perchloridc) of Iron.
22G HOllICEOPA'l'IIIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Formula, Fe 2 Cl 6 , 12H 2 0.
Molecular \iVeight, 5-H.
Preparation of Chloride of Iron.-Jn n two pint Oask pince
eight fluid ouucos of hydrochloric acid, nud add to the acid two ounces
of iro11 wire in clippings; heat the mixture till cllcrvcsccnce has ccnsed
and filter. To the filtrate add fo_ur more ounces of hydrochloric acid;
place the mixture in a. large, porcelain capsule and heat nearly to boil­
ing, adding nitric acid iu s111all successive portiu11i-:, as long as red
fumes continue tu be evolved, 01· till a drop of' the liquid 110 longer
giv.:s a blue precipitate with potassium forricyanidc. The liquid is
uow to be evaporated at a gcntle heat, till it is reduced to eight troy
ounces and three-quarters, when it may be set aside, protected by a
cover glai:s, to crystalliw.
Properties.-Ferric chloride, prepared by the above me11tio11ed
process, is in pall', ora11gc-yellow, opaque, hemispherical nodules, which
arc erystalliuc in structure. It is deliquescent and rcndily soluble in
water, alcohol and ether. The solutions arc yellowish-brown in color,
acid in rcaction, nnd have :t strong chalybeatc taste.
Tests. -Ferric chloride solution should give 110 precipitate with
barium chloride (absence of sulphate); and if precipitated by ammon­
ium hydrate i11 excess, should yield a filtrate that, after cvaporatio11,
lea,·cs only a111111oni11111 chloride, which Yolutilizes without residue
when healed to rccl11c�s.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-One part by weight of
pure c-h lo ride uf irn11 i� di!'.•oh·crl in nine pnrts by weight of distillccl water.
A111ount of drnl-( power, T'ir ·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class V.-,,.
FERRUM PHOSPHORICUM.
Synonyms, Fcrroso-forric Phosphate. Ferri Phosphns.
Common Name, Phosphate of Iron.
Formula, Fe� 2P0 1 , Fe P0 4 , 12H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 725.
Preparation of Phosphate of Iron.-To ten pnrts of pure crys­
t:dlizcd forro11s sulphat.c di�solvcd in sixty parts of cold, distilled wiitcr,
is lo be added a colcl solution of thirtet•n ·parts of' crystallized sotli11111
phosphate in fifl.y of distilled water. The resulting precipitate is to be
throwu 011 a filter and well wnshed with cold distilled water, thc11
spread upon au unglazed tile or upon bibulous pnpc;·, nnd dried \l'ith­
uut the aid of' artifiC'ial heat, whc11 the dried mnss is to be rubbed to a
line powder.
Properties and Tests.-Thc officinnl phosphate of iron is a blu­
ish-gray powder without odor or taste. It is soluble in acirli,, hut in­
soluhlc in wafer and alcohol. Its solution in hydrochloric ncicl has n
yellow color, and when treated with barium chloride exhibits 011ly a
faint turbidity, and with hydrngcn sulphide, shows 110 change. The
powder becomes greenish-gray in color when warmed, and at a higher
temperature grayish-brown. The influence of daylight upon the salt
HOi\ICEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 227
is to preserve its color. ·when treated with hot, distillcrl wnter, the
latter should evaporate without residue by heating on platinum foil.
It was proven by Dr. ,J. C. Morga 11, U nitccl f,talcs. ·
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Thc pure phosphate of
iron is prepared by trituration as directed under Class VII.
FERRUM PYROPHOSPHORICUM.
Synonyms, Ferric Pyroplwsphatc. Ferri Pyrophosphas.
Common Name, Pyrophosplmte of Iron.
Preparation of Pyrophosphate of Iron.-Takc of phosphate
of sodium any 11ua11til.y; heat it in a porcelain capsule till it melts in
its water of crystallization, and finally to complete dryness. It is now
to be placer! in a shallow iron dish and heated to low redness, ,,·ith­
out permitting it to fuse. The rC'sulting pyrophosphatc of' sodium is to
be dissolved in ahout six: parls of water, with gentle heating; n{l.cr fil­
tering nnrl cooling the solution, it may be crystallized.
Next,] 00 parts of ferric chloride solution of specific grnYity 1.480 to
1.484 is to he diluted with 300 pnrts of cold distilled water, nnd with
co11sta11t sfirring is to be mixeel with a cold solution of 97 parts of
crysfallizt•d sodium pyrnphosphatc (ohfnincd in the preli111i11ary opera­
tion described above), in 2000 parts of distilled water and 500 pnrts of
alcohol. The re!;ulting mixture is to he set nside for a day, the pre­
cipitate throw11 upon a moistcncrl filter nml wai:hed with cold distilled
water until the wnshi11gs become turbid. The precipitate is then to be
dried between folds of' bihulous paper nt n modcrntc temperature ancl
finally rcducccl to powder.
. Properties.-P j'l'ophosphatc of iron, prepared as abo,·e directed,
is a white, almost tasfclci:s, powder, very slightly soluble in water and
almost insoluble in solution of sodium chloride. It dissolves in dilute
acids and in caustic ammonia, its solution i11 the latter being yellow.
It co11tai11s 35 per rPnt. of anhydrnus ferric oxide. Jt should be kept
in well-closccl glaf's vessels protecfcd from daylight.
Tests.-Boil one part of' pyrophosplmte of' iron and t.wo of crystnl­
lizcd sodium carbonate \\'ifh twenty parls of water for some minutes
and then filter. Afler acidifying the filtrate with acetic acid aud
treating it with silver nitrate solution, a white precipitate �hould occur
(a yellow precipitate indil'ntes the preH•nce of orfhopho" 'horic ncid).
\
According to the Phannacopc,...in <.:cr111nnica a trace of eh orinc in thiB
prepnration is allowable.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Pyrophosphatc of iron
is prepared by triturntion, as directed under Class VII.
.FERRUM SULPHURICUM.
Synonyms, Ferrous Sulphate. Ferri Sulphus.
Common Name, Sulpha.te of Iron.
Formula, Fe S0 4 , 7H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 278.
228 H0Mffi0PATRIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Preparation of Sulphate of Iron.-Ferrous sulphnte mny l!o
obtn.ined pure by dissolving 1 pnrt of iron in H pm;ts of sulpl111nc
1tcid diluted with 4 parts of wawr. The solut10u, _ If filtered qu1ck _ !y,
deposits the salt in beautiful trauspareut, bluish-green crystals,coutn111-
i11g seven equivalents of water. . .
Properties.-Thc crystn.ls of ferrous sulphate cfTlorcscc shgh�ly 111
dry air, and if at all moist _absorb_ oxygen and bcc�11.1c covered with a
l
rcdclish-ycllow crust of bns1c fernc sulphate; but 11 crushed iuul de;
lri\·ed of hygromctric moisture by strong pressure _between Jolds
>ibulous paper they mny he prc�crv:c1l 111
_
_ a bottle w thoul. eh ngc hy
of .
� �
_ 111soluhlc 111 :ilco­
oxidation. The salt dissolves easily 111 water, but 1s
hol and in ether; the watery solution is of a Pi:t lc grccnish: hluc color,
has an ncid reaction,and when exposed to the air for some tune ahsorh,;
oxygen and deposits a yellowish sediment of basic ferric sulphate.
The taste of the salt is styptic. . .
Tests.-A solution of the sn.lt in wntcr nc1dulrrted with sulphunc
acid should, when treated with hydrogen sulphide, give no eolorecl tur­
bidity; at most only a faint, whitish cloudiness from �cparatcd s1tlph111:
due to some fi_.rric oxide, is permi�siblc. Upon treatm� n. solut10n _
_ of
the salt with ammonium sulphide in excc'>S aud rcmovmg the p�·ce11H­_
tatcd sulphide of iron by· filtration,. there should r?sult a filtrate
_
which, upon evaporation, yields 11, residue that volatilizes completely
upon ignition.
Preparation for Homceopath1c Use.-The pure sulphate of
iron is prepared by trituration, as directed under Class VIL
FILIX MAS.
Synonyms, Aspidium Filix M:ns, Swartz. Polypodium Filix l\1as,
Linn.
Nat. Ord., Filiccs.
Common Name, Male Fern.
The male forn is very widely distrihuted in temperate rcgi�ns, nn<l
is found in abuudnuce in most countries of the northern hemisphere,
except in the Eastern United States, where it �rows somewhat
sparsely in shady pine woods. Its rhizome is pcrcnnml, �hort, two to
three inches in diameter, decumbcnt or rising only a few mche� nbovc
tho ground, and bearing on its summit a tuft of fronds which arc
thickly beset iu their lower part with brown, chnfl:r scn,les. yronds
_ _ _
t\\·ice pinnate, large fruit-dot borne i11 the hnck near the m1d-vcm, mid
usually confined to the lower half of each fertile pinnulc.
lt ,vns proven by Dr. Berridge, of England.
Preparation.-The fresh main root, gathered in July or August,
is chopped and pounded to a pulp nnd weighed. Then two parts bY.
wci:•ht of alcohol are taken, the pulp mixed _ thoroughly mth onc­
sixtl1 part of it, and the rest of the alcohol added. After havm _ tle, and let it stanq eight days in :i dark, cool J?lacc. The tmcture 1s
� t�en separated by decanting, straining nn<l filtcnng.
stirre1l t,h c whole well, pom it into a wcll-stoppcrc1l bottle, and let ,t
stand eight days in a dark, cool place. The tincture is theu sepnrnt�d
by decanting, straining and filteriug.
R0MCE0PATHW l'IIAIOIACfo:UTICS. 229
·Drug power of tincture, /r.
Dilutions must Le prepared as directed under Class III.
FORMICA RUFA.
Class, Insecta.
Order, Hymenoptcrn.
Family, Formicari:xi.
Common Names, Ant. ·wood-ant. Red-ant. Pismire.
, The ants arc found most frequently in pine forests. Their characters
are, a flattened, rust-colorcd chest; black head; a big, oval abdomen,
·attached to the corslct by :� pcd iclc which hears a snm.11 scale or :•cr­
tical knot; a11tc11n::c filifor111 aud broken; antcnnul:u of unequal size;
mandibles strong; tongue truncated, concave, short. There are male,
female and neuter nnts. The two former, when fully developed, hove
. four long, white, transparent wings; they leave the hills, fly in the air
and there. couple; the 111:dcs die shortly after, the fo11mlcs return to the
hills. Only a fow of" them :Lrc admitted, which lay eggs and arc taken
care of by the neuters as amo11g the bees. The females nnd neuters
have, at the extremity of their abdomen, two glands, by n1c:rns of
which they secrete a peculiar liquor, which is acid, and wl11eh, _ ou a
delicate skin, causes itching and eruptions.
.
Preparation.-Thc live insect is crushed, covered with five parts
by weight of alcohol 1 and alluwccl to remain eight days in a well­
stoppered bottle, in it dark, cool place, being shaken twice n day. The
tincture is thcu poured off; strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, T1rr -
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
FRAGARIA VESCA, Linn.
Synonyms, Fragul:u. Trifolii Fragifori.
Nat. Ord., Rosaec:xi.
Common Name, ,Voorl-Strnwbcrry. .
This perennial plant grows in woods, !11cad�ws, ficl�s an�! lulls, ov�r
the whole of Europe, and a great port10n of Amcnca. The root 1s
brown, horizontaJ, with long, creeping sprouts that take root agam; _
stem erect, round, hairy, of the length of a finger or more; leavcs ter­
nate, plicated, petiolate<l, downy 011 the upper surface nnd hni_ ry 011 the
lower; flowers white, inodorous; berry oval, red, of a dclic10us odnr
and exquisite taste. · .
Preparation.-The ripe berries arc crushed to a pulp an� weighed.
Then twQ parts by weight of alcohol are taken, the pulp mixed thor­
oughly w�th on�-sixth part of it, and the_ r?st of the alcohol added.
After havmg stirred the whole well, pour 1t mto a, well-stop�erccl bo�­
Drug power of tincture, i.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under CIRSS III.
230 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 231
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.

FRASERA CAROLINENSIS, Waller. GALIUM APARINE, Linn.

Synonyms, F'rasem "\Vnltcr i, .Michaux. Swertia Difformis.
Nat. Ord., Rubiaccre.
Common Names, Cleavers. Goosc-grnss. Poor Robin. Savoynn.
Nat. Ord., Gentinnacc oo.
Common Names, American Colombo. Iuclinn Lett uce. This plant is indigenou s Lo Europe, Asia, �nd North Am�ricu. T he
An indigenous biennial or trienninl. Its root is long, fusiform, yel­ stem is one to five foct long, weak, stragglmg, ofte1;1 formmg �,�ttcd
low in color and fles hy. T he ewm is upright, simple; lcnves w horled masses, very rough, bristle-prickly backward�, h mry at the JOlllts;
in fours, oblong-lnnceolnte, t he lowest ones spnt ulatc. Flowers numer­ leaves six to eight in n whorl, lanceolatc, tapcrrng_ to the bnsc, mucro­
ous, yellowish-w hite, in a terminal pyramidal pnniclc; corolla fuur­ nate, roug h on edges and m idrib, from 0!1e to tll'o wc he:s loni;;. Cymes
hool�cd
partcd, rotate, each division wit h a glanclular nncl fringed pit. on the usually three-flowered, flowers white; frurt (lar�e) supplrcd _ with rrpc
prickles, purplish, dry or fleshy, globul:ir, tmn, scparut ! ng when
face, and doLtcd brown-p urple. Fila111cnt.5 awl-s haped, so11wwh11t 111011a­
dclpho11s at bnsc, style with two-lobed stig ma. Fruit an oval f111Lte11ed into the two scccl-likc, indchisccnt, ·one-seeded carpels. l! lowers appear
in June and July. .
pod, nbnut twelve-seeded. It flowers in the third year f'r n111 Mny Lo Preparation.-Thc fresh h erb, in flower, rs ch�ppcd ancl poundccl
July.
Preparation.-The fresh two year old root, gathered in October t o a pulp and weighed. Then two parts . by weight. ?f alcohol arc
rest
or Nove mber, or the three year old root, gathered in J\larch or April, taken, t he p ulp mixed thoroughly with onc-srxth part of,� _ the
, nnd
is chopped and pounded to a pulp nncl weig hed. Then two parts hy of the alcohol added. Aft.er stirrin� the wh,�lc well, pour it mto a ,�·�ll­
weigh t of alcohol are taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth stoppcrecl bottle, and let it stand cigl_1t days 1!1 a_ dark, cool )!lace. Ihe
part of it, nnd th e rest of the nlcohol adclecl. Af'tcr havi11g stirred tire tincture is then scp1irnted by dccautmg, stramrng and filtermg.
Drug power of tincture, L .
w hole well, pour it into a well-stoppered bottle, nncl let it stand eig ht Dilu tions must be p repared as directed under Class III.
dnys in a clnrk, cool place. The tincture is th en scparntcd by dc cant­
i11g, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tinct ure, A. GAMBOGIA.
Dilu tions must be prepared as directed under Class III. Synonyms, G11mmi Gutti. Cathnrticum A ureum.
Nat. Ord., Guttiforre.
FUCUS VESICULOSUS, Linn. Common Name, Gamb oge.
Gambogc is a gum-resin obtained f om Garcinia �Morella (Dcsrous-
r

Synonym, Querc us Marina. seaux) var. pcdicellal a. . .

Nat. Ord., Algro. A small sized tree 1 with handsome ln11rcl-hkc foliage nncl small yel-
Common Names, 8ea-wrnck. Bladder-wrack. Sea-kelp. low flowers, found i11 Camhojn, Siam, nllll in Cochin China.
T his sea-weed is found growing on the rocky shores of Emopc anrl Th e gum-resin is contained in du els_ i1! tl�c mid�le layer of t h e _ hark,
A merica. Its length is from one to three feet, and its branching flat and exudes thcrefrom wh en the hark 1s 111c1sccl. fh c collectors, 111 the
thallus is from one-half to one inch wide, with entire margins, and beginning of the rainy scnson, make a_i;pir�l _ incision h nlf aJ11Jund th e
circumference of the t ree n11<l collect 1n a .1mnt of bamboo th e gum-
l
when in t he fresh state, brownis h-green in color. ''hc vesicles nrc i11
pnirs, one on each side of the mid-rih, spherical or ohlong-sphcrical. resin which slowly exudes for scvcrnJ months. . . .
!'he plant becomes shrivelled in drying nnd its color is then nearly The drug is in commerce in what nrc called pipes, i. e., slrck� or
black. It has t he us unl oclor of sea-weeds, and its taste is saline, nau­ cylinders one to two and a half inches in diameter, and o
� :u t o eight
seous and nrncilnginou s. inches l ong, bearing strit' C impresse d on them fro m the 111s1clc of t he
Preparation.-Thc fresh 1ilga, gat hered in May or June, is pounded bamboo.
lo 1i pulp nnd weighed. T hen two parts by weight of alco hol arc taken, A good specimen is brownish-orange in color and wit • 11 water r,or!11s
the pulp mixed thoroughly )vith one-sixth part ,,fit, 1wd the rest of' a yellow emulsion. Gamhogc is clcnsr, homogc1 1cous, r�ncl )>r?r\k� wrth
ut
the alco hol added. After stirring t he whole well, and pouring it into a conchoidal fracture. Its tnstc is disagreeable and ncnd; it 1s witho
a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eig ht days in a dark, cool powder is irritatin g to I e Schncid rian e mbrane, p ro­
odor, but its h c m

place. T he tincture is then separated by decanting, strai11ing and ducing sneezing.

filtering. Gamboge '.vas first proven by Dr._ Ncnning, Germany.
Dr ug power of tincture, i. Preparat1on.-One part by weight of p ure gamboge is dissolved
Dilutions must be prepared as directed uuder Class III. in nine parts by weight of alcohol.
Amount of drug po,Ycr, T1rs,
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
232 lIOl\HEOPATHIC P.EIARl\IACEUTICS.
GELSEMIUM.
Synonyms, Gelscmium Scmpcrvircns, Ail. Gelsemium Nitidum,
.Michait.-i;. BignonilL Sempervireus, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Lognnincere.
Common Name, Yellow Jessaminc.
The true yellow jcssnmino is a climbing plnnt, indigenous to the
Sollthern States. lt grows to great lcngt,h, nsccndi11g high trees.
Stern smooth; leaves opposite, perennial, short-pctiolnlc, cutire nnd
1:rnccolatc. Flowers lnrge, yellow, in nxillnry clustrrs. Cnl.vx fh·e­
parl.ed; corolla infundibuliforn1,. wit.h five-lohecl honlrr. Frnit n
flattened ellipt.ical pod, two-celled, co11tnining wi11gcd seeds. The flow­
ers hnYc n delicious odor.
The first provings of this valuable rcme<ly were by Dr. Henry, for
an foallgurn.l DiE<.5crtntion, Philn.. Hom. Coll., 18:12.
Preparation.-Picces of the fresh root, not thicker thnn n. goose­
quill, arc chopped nncl weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol
arc tnkeu, and n.ftcr thoroughly mixing the mass with one-sixth part
of it, the rest of the alcohol is added. After stirring the whole well,
put it into a widc-mouthc<l bottle, n.nd let it stan<l eight clap i11 11 dark,
cool place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and
filtering.
Drug power of tincture,¼-
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
GENTIANA CRUCIATA, Linn.
Synonym, Gcntiann. l\Ii11oris.
Nat. Ord., Gcntinnace::c.
Common Name, Cro1<s-\Vort Grntinn.
Stem two to twelve i11ches high. Leaves ohlong-lrt11ccolate, three-
11crvcd at base, connected sheath-like. Flowers i11 dense cory111b�, the
topmost sessile, comprc.<:Scd like a b1ul. Calyx bcll-slmpcd, corolla ovoiil
tubular, light blue withi11, nnrl greenish-blue without. ls found 011 dry
hills, nnd especially ou calcareous soil. Flowers in July nucl Sep­
tember.
It wns introduced to the Ilommopathic profession by Dr. \Vntzkc's
provings, Austria.
Preparation.-The fresh root is chopped nnd pouncled to n pulp
and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol nre taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, am! the rest of the
nlcohol added. After having stirred the whole well, pour it into a
n well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight clays in n dark, cool
place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and
filtering.
Drug power of tincture,¼.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 233
GENTIANA LUTEA, Linn.
Synonyms, Gentin1m :Majoris. Gcntiana Rubra.
Nat. Ord., Gentiu11ncere.
Common Names, Bitter-\Vort Gentian. Yellow Gentian.
This plant is indigenous to the mountninous regions of Europe. Its
root is perennial, thick, long and brn11c:hi11g. Stem t)irce to_ four feet
high. Radical leavc.5, nrc petiolatc, stem leaves opposite, �ess1lc, ncute­
oval, bright grce11, glaucous, five-nerved. Flowers lnrgc,.011 pc<luncl�s,
in axillary whor1s; they have a yellow, rotate corolln, 111 hvc or six
Janccolate segments, with the s1tme nu1111.Jcr of stamens, shorter thnn
the corolla.
The first provings were made 1111ilcr Dr. Buchnrr, Germnny.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root is chopped and pounded to a pulp
.and weighed. Then t.wo yarts b)'. weight of_ i_ilcohol arc tnken,_ the
pulp roi.-:ed thoroughly with one-sixth part of 1t, nncl the rc�t �J the
alcohol added. After hnving stirred the whole well, pour it rnto a
well-stoppered bottle, and let it stnnd ei ht days _in_ a clnrk, cool_ plaee.
!{
The tincture is then scparntetl by clecnntrng, strn111111g and filtcnng.
Drug power of tincturr, L
.
Dilutions must be prepared as cl1rcctc<l under Class III.
GERANIUM MACULATUM, I.Jinn.
Nat. Ord., Gern11iacerc. .
Common Names, \Vild Cra11cshill. SpoUerl Gcran111m.
A perennial hcrl.J, whose root is flc.� hy, l�oriwntal, 1111d has 111n1�y .
short fibres. Stem round, erect, hairy, Jrom one to two fret 111
hdght. Leaves five-parted, with lobed anc) i11ci1<cd clivi�i"ns;_ :is the
le11.ves grow older they become marked with_ hlotchcs, J_mlcr 111 color
than the pnlc green or the surro1111ding porLrt)IIS. R11d1c11I lr�vcs on
1011g leaf stalks; stem lc:n·es petiola�e bc!ow, gracl11nlly hccommg_ses­
sile towards the top, opposite and with st1pulcs. Flowers 1:ir�c, light
purple, with five cn� ire obovatc petals �carded _ on the claw. �t'.1mcns
ten, five short, the five longer 011cs furnished with g!:md� at then base.
The plant is indigenous to the United States, growmg III low grounds
and damp woods. Flowers from May to ,July.
It was first proven hy Dr. E. C. Beckwith! U. S.
Preparation .-The fresh root, gathered m autumn, !s choJ�ped nntl
pounded to a pulp and_ weighed. Then t�,·o parls �y weight of_ �!coho!
are taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly wit� 011c-�1xth part of 1t, and
the rest of the alcohol addecl. After havmg stirred t)1c whole ')·ell,
pour it into a well-stoppered bottle, anti let it st:iucl eight_ days m_ a
aark, cool place. 'l'hc tincture is then separated by dccnntmg, stram­
ing and filtering.
Drug power of tincture,¼-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
 ITOi\lffiOPATIIIC PIT AlUf AC:F.UTICS.
GERANIUM ROBERTIANUM, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Gcraniaccro.
Common Name, Herb-Robert.
'.�his plant is indigenous t? Europe and North America, growing in
�01st woods and shade�] �-avmcs. It is glnbrous or slightly hairy, rcd­
d1�h. �cnv?S thrcc-d1v1dcd, or pedntely live-divided, the divisions
twice p11!11nt1fid; th� leaves nrc fr?m one to three i11chcs brond; petioles
!rnlf_ an 111ch to one 111ch Jong; st1pules ovate. Flowers half an inch
111 diamclcr, sepals awned, shorter than the (red-purp le) pclnls;
calyx
nngulnr. Ulaw of pct!lls glnbrous. Carpels attached by silky hairs to
_
the. axis. Pods wnnklccl; seeds smooth. Flowers appear from J uue
to October. The plant is strong-scented.
Preparation.-'�'hc fr�sh plant, in �lower, is chopped nnd pounded
;',> a pulp, cncl?s�cl 111_ a piece of �ew h�eu _ and subjected. to pressure.
lhc cxprc.."Scd Jt11cc 1s then, by brisk ag1tat1011, mingled with an equal
p art by weight of' alcohol. This mixture is allowed to stand eight days
.
111 n well-stoppered bottle, m a dark, cool place and then
filtered.
Drug power of tincture, �-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
GINSENG.
Synonyms, P:rnax Quinquefolium, Linn. Amlin Quinqucfolin.
Nat. Ord., Araliace:u.
�o_mmon 1:'fames,_ Ginseng. •rartar �foot. Five Fingers.
1111s plant 1s n native of Amenca Chmn etc. It has a fu siform
roo�, wl)itish, thick nnd flcs)1y, aromatic, fou/ to nine inches in length,
_
endmg 111 fibrous prolongnt1�11s. Stem roun<l, smooth, one foot high,
nnd at the top bear� a. tcrmnml w_horl of three compound, live-foliate
leaves,_ the lc1tflcts bc111g oval, acun11aate , scrrntc and pctiol 1Ltc. Within
these 1s a central pccliccl bearing a simple umbel of small greenish
�owcrs o� short P?diccls. Fruit, n scarlet reniform berry. 'The root
m the dr1?t! stntc 1s wrmkled_
extcmally, yellowish-white in color, with
a soft, wl11t1sh bark, surrounding a harcler core. Its taste is sweetish
and res cmhlcs thn.t of liquorice.
It was first proven by Dr. Jouve, Geneva.
Prepar�tion.-Thc ge':1-uinc, �ricd root, coarsely powdered, is cov­
ered 1�1th five parts by weight of alcohol, and nllowcd to stn.nd eight
dars 111 a wcl }�stoppercd b?ttle, in n dark, cool pince, being shnkcn
twice a day. Ihc tmcturc 1s then poured off, strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, r1tr
• GLYCERINUM.
Dilutions 11111st be prepnred as directed under Clnss IV.
_
GLONOINUM.
Proper Name, Tri-nitroglycerin.
Synonyms, Nitrogllcerim:m. Glonoin. Glonoine.
Common Name, Nitroglycerine.
Formula, C 3 H 6 (NO 2 )3 0 3 •
llO)lIBOl'A'l'IIJC PIIAlDIACEUTICS. 23G
Molecular Weight, 227.
Preparation of Glonoin.-This remarkable body was discovered
hy Sohrcro in 1847, nnd wns proved by Dr. Hering, who gnvc it the
name by which it is known in pharmacy. The first lctlers from ouc
of its constituents with the sy111hols of' the other, 11niterl hy n cuphonic
o, when completed by the termi1ml inc, give the wori.1 glonoinc.
Preparation.-Onc part of' glycerine is slowly added, wilh con­
stant stirring, to a mixture of two parls of concentrntccl sulphuric acid
with oue of nitric.acid of specific grnvity l.'1.7. The 111ixi11g vessel is
kept cold, so that the temperature of the contents may not rise nbovo
2(3.(3 ° C. (89° F.). The solution is then poured in n thin stream into
n large quantity of: wat�1: and the n!tro-glyceriue precipita�cs as a nearly
colorlcss , hra1·y OJI. lhc , latter 1s repeatedly washed III water ren­
dered alkaline.
Properties.-Nitro-glyccrinc is a nenrly colorless, lig�t _ ycll?w,
oily liquid, whose specific gravity at 15 ° C. (59 ° F.) is 1.6; 1t 1s with­
out oclor and has rL pungent, sweet, aromatic t aste. It is slightly solu�
hie in water but readily i::o in nlcohol and in ether. '\Vhcu cooled suf­
ficiently, about 8° C. (46.4 ° F.), it crystallizes in needles, ancl at _180 °
C. (356 ° F.) it boils, and if the he ating be done in clo sed vessels 1t ex­
plodes with terrible force; its exploding point is about 190 ° G. (�7-1 °
F.). Its rcmnrknbly disruptive power is readily evoked by n. cl1rcct
blow or by concu�sion of the surrounding nir. W�cn ignited in the
air it burns quietly. It decomposes by keeping, nnd among the pro­
ducts of such chnngc 1Lrc . glyccric and oxnlic a cids, together with the
lower oxides of nitrogen. ln the fro;,,en state il:.:l transportation is ex­
tremely dangerous, from its tendency to explode by the frictio1 � of �he
crystnls. To obviate this disadvanta ge different mix�urcs _of it_ ll'lth
inert substances arc used, the most notable one, rly11am1tc, bcmg simply
!nf'usorinl �arth satur:1-t.cd to n ccrtnin _ <lcgr?c wi�h nitro-glyccrinc. It
1s almost 111solublc 111 water, but 1s readily dissolved by ether nod
alcohol.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Onc part by weight of
pure nitro-glycerine is dissolved in nine parts by weight of 95 per cent.
alcohol.
A mount of drug power, -/rs ·
Non:-lf the irf solution is e:s:posecl to a temperature of less than G0° F., pnrl
of the (llonoin separates and falls to the bottom.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class VI-a.
Proper Name, Propcnyl Alcohol.
Synonyms, Glycerina. Glycerin.
Common Name, Glycerine.
Formula, C 3 Il 8 0 3 .
Molecular Weight, 92.
Origin.-Glyccrine is produced from most of the fixed 01ls nnd
solid fats existing in the bodies of plants ancl animals. It docs not,
23G HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
however, occtu· in them ready formed, except in n few (pnlm oil nnd n
few other vegetnble oils from which it mny he obtnincd hy �imple
trcntmcnt with boiling wnter), but is formed from them, together with
n fatty nci<l by nddition of the elements of wnter, just as nlcohol mny
be produced from acetate of ethyl. In fact, glycerine is a triatomic
alcohol of the propenyl series, and its proper title is pn>penyl alcohol.
Preparation.-"\Vhen a fatty body is treated with nn alkali or
other metallic oxide, in t.hc presence of wntcr, or with wnll'i"' itself" at
a high temperature, there is formed a metallic salt of a fatty acid, and
glycerine; for iustnnce, stcarinc, one of the constituents of muLton suet,
consists of propcnyl tristcnrnte (C 3 H 6 ) (0 C 1 8 II 36 0) 3 • When
stcarine is boiled with n caustic alkali a stcnrntc of the alkali metal is
formed, together with glycerine, as shown by the cqun.tion, (C 3 11 6)
(0 C
1 8 I-! 3 6 0) 3 + 3 JIKO = 3 KOC 18 H 36 0 + (U :i H 5) (0 1ll 3 .
The metallic salts of the fatty acids thus formed arc called soaps, nnd
the process, termed saponi:fication, wa.� formerly the chief mode of prc­
pnring glycerine. It is also obtained by n somewhat similar method
from the residue of the mnuufacturc of stearic acid for candles. Glycer­
ine is now produced in enormous quantity and perfect purity hy <lc­
composing fatty substunces by means of super-heated steam. Here the
reaction is simply the assimilation by one molecule of stearine, of
three molecules of' water, and the resolution of the resulting co111po111Hl
into stcaric acid and glycerine, as shown by the equation, C 3 H6 (0 U 18
H36 O)a + 3 H 2 0 = 3 HO C 18 H 86 0 (stcnric acid)+ C 8 H 6
(OH) 3 (glycerine). The process is conducted in a still and condens­
ing apparatus, over-heated steam at a temperature between 287.8 ° C.
(550° F.) and 315.5 ° C. (600° F.), being caused to penetrate the 11111!-s
of fat. The fat-acids quickly separate from the glycerine and water
when the distillate is allowed to stand for a short time and cool.
Properties.-Chcmically pure glycerine is a colorlcss, trn11sparc11t,
somewhat viscid liquid, without odor and having an intensely sweet
taste. It is ncntrnl in reaction, and is extremely hygroscopic. It
mixes with water in all proportions, as indeed it docs with alcohol, hut
is iu!<oluble in ether, chloroform, bcnzin, etc. Rented to 290° C. (554°
F.) it boils, aud iu vacuo at 200° C. (392 ° F.) it distils over nu­
changcd.
The solvent power of glycerine is very great and extends over a
wide range, and it forms soluble compounds of many substances in­
solulile, or nearly so, in water. It dissolves nil deliquescent �nits nn<l
many others; even aqueous glycerine dissolves oxide of lend. Many
alkaloids are soluble in it.
Officinal glycerine has a specific gravity 1.25 at 15 ° C. (59° F.),
and contains from !<ix to ten per cent. of water.
Tests.�'3ix parts of a mixture of equal volumes of absolute nlco-•
hol and ether should dissolve one part of glycerine (in such a mixture
glucose an<l s11g1Lr arc not solnhle), and the solution should not sepa­
rate into hyers. Equal volumes of pure concentrated sulphuric acid
nnd glycerine, when mixed together, should give a colorless fluid and
should not give rise to effervescence. A rather faint evolution of gas
ILOi\fffiOPATII TC I'll ,\ll)l .\(;EUTJC:S. 237
nt the moment of mixing is <luc to the liberation from the glycerine of
nhsorbccl air, which is driven off hy the hc!LI. produced hy the union of'
the two liquid3. Should the peculiar eraekling sound of' effervescence
he heard when the test-tube is brought near the car, the specimen is
too inita.ting for even external use. \Vhcn the ahovc mixture i_s
slightly heated, a brown or hhtckish colorntion shows the presence of
cnnc sugar. The incliflcrc1it belmvior of glycerine to litmus paper suf­
fic<'s to show the absence of' f"rcc acid or nlkali. \Vhcn trcl\t('(l with
hydrogen sulphide or 1un11wniu111 sulphide, no change should take
phicc in the appcnmnce of' glycerine, nor should nny A>rccipitntc occur
with silver nitrate nnd hariu111 chloride solutions. \\ hen diluted with
water and then treated with silver nitrate and caustic ammonia, no
change shonld occur even upon standing for half an hour. A blackish
precipitate of reduced silver indicates the presence of formic acid, acro­
lcin and similar bodies. When 1 CC. of glycerine is grn<lunlly heated
upon a platinum dish-cover it cvaporntcs, and there is left a carbona­
ceous rnn!'S which, at a red heat, is completely consumed. A decreased
specific gravity is due to. the presence of water.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-One p:ut by weight of
pure glyccrin is dissolved in nine parts by weight of distilled water.
Amount of drng power, Jtr.
Dilutions must lie prepared as directed under Cln...c;s V-o..
GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM, J,Jicha11x.
Nat. Ord., Composit::c.
Common Names, Common Everlasting. Indian Posey.
This is an indigenous, herbaceous annual plant. It has nn c1:cct,
whitish, woody, much-branched stem, from ouc to tw? feet high.
Leaves alternate, sessile, lincnr-lnnceolntc, nc11tc, entire, scabrous
above and whitish-tomcntose beneath. Flowers yellow, tubular, in
heads clustered at the summit of paniclcd corymbous hrnnches. Ray
florcls �ubulntc; disk florets entire. Receptacle naked, flat; pappus
pilosc, of distinct bristles.
It wns first proven by Dr. "William Banks, U. S.
Preparation.-The fresh plant is chopped and pounded to a pulp
ancl weighed. Then two parts by weight of tt!cohol arc taken,. the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of 1t, nud the re�t ?f the
alcohol ncldcd. After hnvin� st,irrcd . the whole_ well, pour it mto a
well-stoppered bottle, and let 1t stand eight days__ 11� a dark, cool_ pince.
The tincture is then scparnted by decanting, strn111111g nnd filtering.
Drug power of tincture, L
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
GOSSYPIUM HERBACEUM, Linn.
Synonym, Lano. Gossypii.
Nat. Ord., Malvacem.
Common Name, Cotton Plant.
238 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
This is a bic11_11ial or trirnni,il pln11t 1 i11dig<•11011s to ARiii, h11t lnrgcly
cultivated in the southern portion of the United f:it1it<•s. lts root is
fosif-orm and gives off small rndicles. The stem is ro11nd, puhescc11t
and nbuut five feet high. Leaves hairy, pnln,ntc with sub-1:uH·rolate
acute lobes. Flowers _)!ellow, petals five with a purple spot near the
ha�e. Style simple, stigmas three or fh·e, invoh·ed in cotton, rcuifimu
nnd somewhat plann-couvex.
It was proven under the direction ot' Dr. \V. \Villi:w1s1>11 1 U. S.
Preparation.-The fresh inner root-bark is chopped and pounded
to a pulp aud weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol nre tnkc11,
the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, nnd the rest of
the :dcohol ndded. After hnving stirred the whole well, pour it into :i
well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand ei�ht days in a dark, cool place.
The tincture is then separated by decantrng, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture,¼.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
GRANATUM.
Synonym, Punica Granntum, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Gr::umterc.
Common Name, Pomegranate.
P. C'rranatum is a shrub or low tree with small deciduous leaves am!
attrnctive scarlet flowers, indigenous to Northern Judia nil!! J'erHia.
It is rarely more thnn twenty feet high, and its root iH woody, hca,·y
and kuotty. The bark of the root is grnyish or yellowish-grny in col or
externally, but the inner side is distinctly yellow. The hark of' the
pomegranate root occurs in commerce in thin quilJs or frngn1cnts 1 th rec
t.o four inches in length; their outer surface is marked by wriukled
cross striations; the inner surface is smooth or finely fibrous with an
occasional strip of the tough, whitish wood attached. Its fracture is
short and granular. The hark has but little odor, its tnste is astringent
and somewhat bitter, and when che\\·ed it colors the snliva yellow.
The drug was first proven by Dr. J. 0. Muller, Germany.
Preparation.-The dried root-bark, coiirsely J· owderecl, is covered
/ ders of rivers, lakes nod water ditches, also on moist meadows, has a
with two parts hy weight of dilute alcohol, nod a lowed l.o stand eight
dnys in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, being shnkcn
twice a dny, and then pressed out lege artis in a piece of new line11 and
filtered.
Drug power of tincture, l
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Cla�s I., except that
three parts of tincture arc used to seven pnrts of dilute alcohol for t.he
lx dilution, and three parts to ninety-seven parts for t.hc 1 dilutiou.
GRAPHITES.
Synonyms, Plumbago. Carbo Mineralis. Carburctum Ferri
Cerussa Nigra.
Common Name, Black Lead.
IlOMCEOPATJllc; PITARi\lACEUTICS. '230
Graphite is a 111incrnl carhou. Jt is founrl in the grcalC'st purity in
the Borrow<lalc mine, Euglnnd; hut it nlso occurs very pure in this
country, especially ucar Busl.leton in Pennsylvania. lt crystallizes in
hexagonal scnles, whose specific gravity is between 1.8 and 2.6.
It is a bluckish-grny i-:uhstaucc, of metallic lustre, soft nud greasy to
the touch, inodorous, and a good conductor of' electricity. It was for­
merly supposed to he a carb11rct of iro11, hut it is an allotropic form of'
the eleme11t carbon.
To prepare gr:aphite for medical use, it must be boiled for an hour
in a sufhcient riun11tity of distilled ,rnter, aflcr ,rhich the fluid is to
be decanted and the graphite lo he dige�tcd in a solution of equal
parts of sulphuric and hydrochloric acids, diluted with twice their
volume of water. After repeatedly stirring the mixture for twenty­
four hours, decant the fluid, wash the residue with distilled water and
dry it. Because of the extraordinary fineness and ficxibility of its
scaly crystals it resist.<s even the most continual tritmation, ,rhich has
lasted for hours, nnd shows permanently not inconsiderable portions of
shining points. To obviate this, the hest menns is to trituratc the
purified graphite in small portions with conrscly powdered sugar of
· milk, addiug ns much water, in :i roomy poreela.in dish, as is necessary
to make the ,rhulc into a thick paste. This rubbing is to be continued
until the water hns evaporated nml the ma� begins to form little
lumps. Boiling hot rlistillrd water is then poured over the whole 1,,
dissolve the sugnr of milk :111rl t,, separate the co:tr�rr fro111 the finer
particles of graphites. This graphite is ,rnshcd repeatedly and dried.
It was first proven by Hallllemann.
Preparation.-The purified graphite, prepared as described above,
is prepared by trituration, as directed under Class V 11.
GRATIOLA.
Synonyms, Gratiola Officinnlis, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Scrophularincerc.
Common Name, Hedge Hyssop.
This plant, growing in Central nnrl Southern Europe, near the bor­
creeping, articulate, on the joints fibrillous root, as thick as a quill nnd
whitish; the stem, one-half to one and a half feet high, is erect, little
branched, four-sided above. It ha� opposite, sessile, lnnceolate, finely
serrate, th!·ee-nerve<l leaves, and �olitary axillary whitish or redcli�h
two-lipped flowers, with yellow hairs in the lube. The whole plant i�
smooth, pale green, inodorous, aml lrns a very bitter, somewhat acrid,
tnste.
Jt was first proven by Nenning, Gcnnany.
Preparation.-The fresh plant, gathered Lefore flowering, is
chopped and pomfl.led to a pulp, enclo�ed iu a piece of new linen and
suhjectccl to pressure. The expressed juice is theu, by hi·isk agitation,
mingled ,rith an equal part by weight of nlcohol. This mixture is
allowed to stand eight days in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool
place, nud then filtered.
 240 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 241
Drug power of tincture, t This plant is indigenous to tropical America. It is climbing, herba­
Dilutious must be pl'epnrcd as <lircctcd under Clnss I. ceous, about twenty feetdentate,
long. Leaves ovate or ovatc-cllipticn.l, sub-
rough above and tomentous beneath.
, acuminate and scarcely
GRINDELIA ROBUSTA, Nuttall. Flowers in corymbs, opj)ositc and axillary. In the fresh state the
leaves have a disagreeable odor nnd bitter taste; both of these proper­
Nat. Ord., Composit::c. ties together with their medicinal 1>owcrs :ire greatly lessened by drying.
·common Name, Grindclia. It was proven by Dr. Pctroz, Spain.
The Grindclias comprise n genus of hcrbnccous plnuts, with some Prepara!ion.-Thc fresh leaves arc cl�oppcd and pounded to a
pl:int.c; woody_ at th? base only. _They are found in the western pnrt of J>ulp and weighed. Then tw� pnrts b_y weight of �lcohol arc taken,
�orth Amenca. fhey arc rcsmous, possess n. bn.lsamic odot· and n. the pulp mixed thorou_ghly w1_th 01�c-s1xth piut of 1t, and the_ r ?5t of'
l�1Ltcr aromati� t�istc. The c?rnposite heads have yellow ray-florets, the alcohol added. Alter lmvmg stirred the whole well, pour 1t mto a
ligu!ate nnd p1st1Ilate; the <l1sk-florcts arc five-pointed, tubular and well-stoppered bottle, and Jct it stand ci�ht days i_ n_ a dark, cool_ place.
�erfcc_t.. ReccptacI�· Hat _ n.n<l with alveolar depressions. l'appus of a The tincture is then separated by tlccantmg, strammg and filtermg.
f�,� st1fl awns. Grmdelw, robu..�la is a spcc!cs which procluccs many Drug power of tincture, ½-
,
'at 1ct1es. Lc.tves spatnlatc 01· oblong, vnrymg to Innceolate, senn.te; Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
apex obtuse. Upp�r onC;l cordatc a� the base a _ nd frequently clasping.
.
Preparat1on.-:-fhe fresh herb, m flower, 1s chopped a11d pounded
GUAIACUM.
to n pulp and wc�ghed. Then two parts by weight of' n.lcohol arc
taken, the pulp n11xc<l thoroughly with one-sixth part of' it, and t.hc Synonyms, Guniacum Officinalc, Linn. Lignum Vit:-c. Palus
:es_t of' the nlcohol added. After having stirred the whole well, pour Sanctus.
it 111to a wel,I�stoppcrecl b?ttlc, and let it stand eight days in n. cln.rk, Nat. Ord., Zygophyllncc.'ll.
cool pl:tcc. Ihe tmcturc 1s then scpnmtcd by decanting, straining and Common Name, Guaiac.
filtering. Guaiacum offecinalc is a low or medi111!1-sizcd �vcrgrccn tree, found
Drug po,rer of tincture, !. growin g' in the vV est Indies, particularly m _H:1yt1, and_ on the northern
Dilutious must be prepared ns dircctccl under Class III. coast of South America. Its leaves are pan-pinnate with ov11tc, obtuse
leaflets in two, and less frequently, in three pnirs. Flowers light blue,
GRINDELIA SQUARROSA, Dunal. on long .peduncles, in groups of eight or ten in the nxils of the upper
Nat. Ord., Composit::o. leaves.
Resin of guaiac occurs as a natural exudation, or ns the result of
Common Name, Grin<lclin. _ hcn.t upon the wood
Jncisions made into the bark, or by the action of _
This species of griudelin. is glnbrous from n varnish-like exudation. 111 a
Leaves puuctate, spatulatc-lanccolatc varying to oblong-lanccolatc. the following manner: A log of' guniu.cum w�ocl is supported ,
. l
rizonta position above Lhc ground by tw � u p 1 :1ght ba1 : s, hach end
Upper leaves sessile, somewhat obtuse, finally dcntatc. Involucrc of
rcflcxed, subulate, pointed, squarrosc scales. · the log then set on fire, and n large 1_nc1s10n havmg bc�n pr_e­
rt was proyccl by J?r. { H. l3undy, United States. ously made in the mid<lle, Lhc melted rcsm runs out thcrcfrom Ill
·
Preparation,---:-,[he fresh "derable abundance.
herb, in Hower, is chopped and pounded
to a pulp aud we1ghed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc The resin occurs in commerce in spherical tears from one-hnlf t? ?ne
_
taken,. the pulp 1111xc<l thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the eh in diameter, but commonly it i . in compnct masses, _ conta111111g
,
!'c,;� o{ the alcohol added. After hnving stirrc1l the whQ ]c well, pour ents of the wood and ba1<k. It is brittle 11ml hreaks with a clcn�
y fractu re. The resin is greeni sh or rccldis h-l _1rown in color; tl11n
it 111to a wcll-stoppcrccl b�ttlc, and let it stand eight days in a dark, _
and arc gr&c111sh-brow!1 hy t_ rnn_s-
cool place. The tmcturo 1s then separated by dcq.'lnting, straining arn� • ents of it a.re transparent -wh1tc
filtcrmg. light. When freshly powdered it becomes grnyish 111
�ssu c a
D !·ugyower of tincture, ½- roc>lor, but exposur to light
e and air soon causes th� powder to �
Dtlut1ons must be prepared as directed under Class III. tint. Its odor is faint and balsamic, nud 11.<s taste, wl11ch 1s nt
rsC very slight, is followed by an irritated sensation in the mouth nm!
GUACO. t.
l·
By oxidizin � agents it acquires a fine blue c�l�r, �s will h_c dcmo! a thm
Synonym, Mikania Gu1tco, Humboldt and Bonpland. ted by sprmk . ling with n. dilute s luli?n of 1
Jcrr_ c chlo !·11le
�
.
Nat. Ord., Corymbifor::o. • &�' :y_er of' the residue left upon evaporatmg its alcoholic solut1ou
Common Name, Mikanin. Guaco. ""l'"l!
-� :� � �. l
;: It was first proven by }fahncmanu .
16
242 HOMCEOPATHIC rHAllMACEU'rJCS. HO;\ICEOPATJ:IIC PHARMACEUTICS. 243
dissolved in GUAREA TRICHILOIDES, Linn.
Preparation.-Two parts by weight �f the resin nre
nine part.':! by wc(g�1t of nlcohol nntl then filtere<l.
Nat. Ord., Melinccre.
Drug power of tmcture, 1\r. VI-a. Common Names, Ball-wood. Reel-wood.
Dilutions must be prepnred ns d1rcct.cd under Clnss This medium-sized tree grows in Do 1 11iuictL, St. Vincent au<l Guade­
loupe.
GUANO AUSTRALIS. Calyx four-toot h ed or four-lobed. Petals oblong, two to three inches
long, imbricativc. Stamc11cal tube <]Uitc entire. Anthers sc.""ilc, in­
Common Name, Guano. . , ent o. f ternally, ncn:r it.':! mouth. Ovary four-celled; cells one-ovulate or two­
excrem
Origin.-Gunno is the accumulated deposit of the coast o1 ovulatc, with the ovule.<; superimposed. Pcricnrp irnorly, at length
it is foun(l npon barren islnnd s off the western loculicidnl. Leaves abruptly pinnate; the pairs appcaring succcssivcly
sea birds· hing the largest
Sonth An\crica, those in the latitude of Peru furnis along the petiole; panicles simply raccmiforrn, axillnry.
amo11nt. . · 1s· an :�11101p . hous It was proven hy Dr. Pctroz, 8pni 11 .
Description.-As gencrn.lly found in commerce 1t ,�rncn l odor. Preparation.-The bark is finely powdered and covered with five
cca�lc ammo
powder, pale brown in color and of
Its reaction is gencrn lly alkal ine,
a
altho
disagr
ugh_ ?-t t1 111C:'> sp�c11n
1s 1.
61ls 1
.
111 y
ls
parts by weigh t of alcohol, and then pournd into it well-stoppered
bottle, and allowed to remain eig h t days in a dark, cool plaec, being
Its �pec1f ic grnv_ i ty
ive in mrts an acid react!ou. some ox�lntcs,
shnken twice a. dn.y. The tincture is then poured oil; strained and
s arc chiefly uric �c1d, nmmo nnun umte , ,�1th filtered.
�on:;titue�t <:5n!111 nnd ca _ II' :
with phosphates of the alkali metals and of rnagn mto our i-r'�t �11a Drug power of tincture, T\r-
The kind used by Dr. Mure, who introd uc�<l 1t . � Dilutious must be prepared as dircctcU under Class IV.
any respect diffo1 cut
M:edica is from Patagonia, and is probably uot 1u
from that' obtnm · cd 1·rum I-,cm. . GYMNOCLADUS CANADENSIS, Lamarck.
poss1"bi c, is pre-
Preparation.-Thc g11n.no, obtained as fresh ns
p:trccl hy triturat.ion, as directed under C..:lnss VIL Synonym, C11ilanrli 1 1 Dioica.
Nat. Ord., Lcgurr1inos::u.
Common Names, American Coffee Tree. Chicot. Kentucky
GUARANA. Coffee Tree.
Synonym, Paullinia Sorbilis, ltfa rti1l8. This is a tall, large tree, growing in rich woods, along rivers, from
Nat. Ord., Snpindacc:u. Western New York nnrl J >enm•ylvnnia to Illinois and soutlnreRtwnrcl.
Common Name, Bra;,;ili1111 Cocon.. . . . . It is also cultivated as an ornamental tree. The compound lenves nro
sl�i;ub, �aulltt�
Gt1arann. is n. preparation made from a. chmbm_g two to t hree feet long, with several large partial leafstnlks hearing
Ihc Pant l,ls
sorbili!! indigenous to Northern and "'estern Ilrnzil. �l_owers smal!, seven to t h irteen ovate stalked leaflets, I he lowc.5t pnir with l'inglc leaf:
iinn:tt� leaves , leaflet s five, dentat e and ovn.1-o hlong. lets. Flowers arc whitish, in terminal racemes. Pod, which is from
11mg 11ot n,10 :e
! 11 p:rnicles. Fruit a pcar-sl111pcd capsule, ben.kcd, cont1u seeds. six to ten inches Jong an<l about two inches b road, contains several
than three dark brow11 , nearly black, n.l most gloh11l 111: � 11 large flattish seeds.
m is made from the seeds by powc�c r1ng them ,tn It was introduced into our l\Intcria l\fcdicn by Dr. Hering.
preparation guarm masse s ai� d
a paste with water. The paste is round e(l rnto Preparation.-Thc fresh pulp wit h in the pod s111-rounrli 11 g t h e
nmkirw ra arc hai cl
either firc-dricd
0
or imu-dr icd. The masse s of guarm . '. seeds is crush ed nnd weighed. Then two pnrts hy weight of alcoh ol
n' in col or xtcrna lly' but ' ght�I
irrc ulnr in surface, reddish-brow � .'. are taken, th e pulp mixed thoroughly with onc-sixt.h part of it, and
�astc of _g1�m.ina is
wiLl7in; they break with a vitreous f!·acture. 'I!1e "
�he rest of the alcoh ol adtlcd. After stirring the w h ole well, pour it
bitter and astringent, and it has n. farnt odor wluch rs pccuhad. mpo a well-stoppered bottle, auJ let it stand eight clays in a dark, cool
as escnbed
Preparation.-Thc dried paste made from the seeds,d 1l wcd t place.. The tincture is then separated by decanting, strniniug and
ol, ar� 1 f
above, is covered with five parts by weight of_ alcoh coo � ace, be
� filtering.
remain ei ht days in a well-stoppered 1:>ottle, 111 a dark, . .A.mount of drug power, /r.
d orr, str,1111cd and
iw, slrakcfi twice n. day. The tmcturc 1s then poure • Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
Iii tercel.
Dr1w power· of tincture, ,¼. Hl.EMATOXYLON.
IV.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed un<lcr Clnss Synonyms, Hromntoxylon Campcc h ianurn, .uinn. Lignum Caip•
pec hianum.
244 IIOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACJWTWS.
Nat. Ord., L<.'guminosrc.
Common Names, Logwood. rcuchwood.
H Campechianwn is n medium-sized tree, iudigcnous to the countries
about the Gulf of Cnmpcnchy, but it is successfully cultivated in other
portions of Ceutrnl Amcricn nnd in the \Vest Indin Islands. Its
numerous, sprcadi11g, crooked branches nre furnished with nltcrnntc
lcnvcs made up of obcordatc, 11early sessile lcnflcts in three or four
pairs. The flowers a.re small, yellow, five-parted, iu loose rnccmcs.
The tree is cut down when about ten years old, and only the red
heart-wood is used. In commerce logwood is iu logs from three to
four feet long, of :i blackish-purple color externally, a11<l of a brownish­
reel within. Its specific gravity is about 1.6; it has a slight, peculiar
odor and an agreeable, sweet, slightly nstri11gcnt taste.
It was introduced into our Materia Mcdica by Dr. Jouvc, Bibi.
Hom. de Gcucvc, l. 47.
Preparation.-Thc best Campeachy logwood, in fine chips, is
covered with five parts hy weight of alcohol, and allowed to remain
eight days in a wcll-stoppcrcrl bottle, in a dark, cool pince, being
· shakc11 twice a day. The tincture is then poured oil; strniucd and
filtered.
Drug power of tincture, T�-
Dil11tin11s must be prcpa!·ed ns directed under Class IV.
HAM A MELIS.
Synonyms, l-famamclis Virginica, Linn. Trilopus Dentata.
Nat. Ord., Ilamnmclacero.
Common Name, Witch-Hazel.
This shrub is i11digcuous to the United States and Canada., where it
grows in damp woods. It reaches a height of from six to ten feet; the
stem anrl branches are crooked. Ou the younger branches the bark is
brown in color nnd smooth, but thnt covering the oltler portions of the
woorl is brownish-grny and fissured. Leaves alternate, oval, somewhat
cordatc nt the base, wavy-toothed, and when young somewhat downy.
Flowers yellowish-green, in _axillary clusters. Pod two-cclle<l nntl
two-seeded. It flowers late in autumn, but the -seeds do not mature
till September of the following year.
It was first proven by Dr. H. C. Preston, United States.
Preparation.-Thc fresh bark of the· twigs and root is chopped
and pounded to a \1ulp and weighed. Then two part:; by weight of
:ilcohol arc taken, t 1e pulp mixed thoroughly with onc-i"ixth part of it,
and the rest of the alcohol added. After having stirred the whole
well, pour it into a well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight day� in
a dark, cool pince. The tincture is then scpnrntecl by dccantmg,
:;training arnl filtering.
Drng power of tinctun', ¼-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class Ill.
110MCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 245
HEKLA LAVA.
Dr. Garth ,vilki11so11, of London, states in a letter to Dr. Wm. II.
Holcombe, of New Orleans:
"�ts known pathological effects on the sheep in the vicinity of Hckla
arc immense cxostoscs of the jaws.
''.'!'he liner nsh, ":hich fol ! on. the pastures in distant localities, wts
_
pn1 t1culnrly dclctcno11s, wl11le the gross ash near the mountain w:.s
lllCrt.
"These ncco�mts· are from a Danish account of the eruptions of
Hckla and their c?nscqucnccs to nature, to man, beast and vegetable.
IIckla lava, accorclm g to Prof: l\I?rri�, of University College, London,
_
hns for �cnc ra l co11st1tuents
_ , combmat1ons of silica nlumina lime mag­
nesia, "'!th son:; oxi<lc of iron; sometimes it co�tains an�rthite and
other n11ncrn(s. (Vidc Tr. Am. lust., 1870, p. 441.)
. Preparatio
_ n.-For homroopn.thic use the above-mentioned fine ash
is tnturnted according to Class VII.
HEDEOMA.
_Synonyi:ns, Hed�01_nn Pufe_g!oidcs, Persoon. Cunila Pulcgioid e.s,·
lAnn. l\Iclissa Pulcg101cles. Z1z1phora Pulegioide.s.
Nat. Ord., Labintrc.
Common Names, American Pennyroyal. Squaw l\Iint. Tick­
wecd.
This _ is an annual plnnt, indigenous to the United States nnd Canada
from u_rnc to fifteen inches high. Its root is small, b ranching, fibrous:
f<ocllow1sh; stem erect, pubescent and branched. Leases opposite, ob-
�g, nearly acute, ovate, scarcely sCJ;r,atc, rough or pubescent, glandu­
lai-punctate on the under surface. Ihe flowers arc small pale blue
on sh?rt peduncles, in nxillary cymosc whorls upon the bn:uchcs. I�
odor 1s mmt-likc _
and its tnste aromatic.
Pr��aratio�.-Thc fresh plant is choppcd and pounded to n pulp
and "�1ghed. Then two parts by weight _
of alcohol arc taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the
alcohol n.ddcd. After having been stirred, it is poured into a wcll­
stopp�red bot�lc, and allowed to stand ci� ht days in a dark, cool pince.
The tmcture 1s th� separated by dccnutmg, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tmcture i.
Dilutions must be prep;rcd as directed under Class III.
,HEDYSARUM ILDEFONSIANUM.
Synonym, Cnmpicho.
Nat. Ord., Lcguminosrc.
Common Name, Brazilian l�urdock.
. This plant is n. nn.ti_ve of_ B1_-azil. The brownish nnd ligneous stem
18 about three fee� !ugh; 1� is_ rnmosc, pubescent, especially above.
Leaves alter1;1ate, .l_)ll�nn.te, tr1fo�mte; �oliolcs oval and slightly tomcn­
tose, on a hairy, b1st1pulatc petiole. The flowers which are small nnd
24G JIOMOWPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
scn.lcd 011 filiform, uniflnrnl peduncles, form loMc, tcrminn.l spikes.
F rn iL ovnl, hniry, 011 hl•nt pcd1111clrs, 1ttLnchi11g itf<clf' very i11tin11tLl•ly
to clothes nnd to Lhc hairy. skin of animals, on which account the Brn­
zilinus call it" hnrha de boi."
It was iutro·\uccd into our Matcria Mcdica by Dr. Mure, Brazil.
Preparation.-Thc dried lcn.vcs arc co1uscly pulverized and
weighed, covered wit.Ii five parLs by "·eight of alcohol, nnd nllowcd to
rc111a.in eight days in a well-stoppered bottle, at the ordinary tempera­
ture, in a dark place, being shaken twice a day. The tincture is then
poured oil; strained mul filtered.
Drug power of tincture, /rr ·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
HELIANTHUS.
Synonym, Hcliauthus Annuus, I.Ann.
Nat. Ord., Co111posit::c.
Common Name, Sunflower.
The sunflower is a native of tropical America, but is cultivated \·cry
generally in the temperate zones. Stem from ten to liflcen feet high,
rnugh. Le:t\·cs large, on petioles, alternate, three-ribbed, ovate, the
lower ones cordatc, serrate, rourrh. The f\owcr-heacls often a foot in
diameter; rny flowers bright ycllow, ligulatc; disk flat; achenia dark
purple, four-sided, laLcmlly compressed, at the base embraced by the
pcrsistcut chaff; and the principal angles surmounted by a pappus uf
two chaff)· l'cnlcs.
J t was pro\·cn hy Dr. Ccssolcs, Switzerland (?).
Preparation.-Thc ripe seeds (achenia), coarsely powdcrccl, arc
covered with five parts by wcigl,t of dilute alcohol, and n,llowcd to re­
main eight d:iys in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, [)('ill)!
shaken twice a day. The tincture is then poured off, strained nnJ
fillercd.
Drug power of tincture, /15 •
Dilutions 11111st he prepared as directed under Class IV, except that
the 2x. and 3x, and the 1 and 2, require dilute alcohol.
HELLEBORUS.
Synonyms, llelleborus Niger, I.Ann. Melanpodium. Verntrnm
Nigru111.
Nat. Ord., Ranunculacc::c.
Common Names, Illack Hellebore. Christmas Rose.
The black hcllchore has a perennial, knotted root, one to three
inches long, blackish on the outside, white within, and sends off n11m­
<'ro11s Inn�, si111plc rootlets, which arc brownish-yellow in the rccC'nt
i-;t:itc, hut when dried, d:trk brown. The rootlets nre very brittle. Upon
scdion, the rhizome shows a rnthcr thick bark, brownish-grny in color,
and n grny pith occupyin� centrally about one-hnlf the diameter of
the section; n.rrnoged radially in the pith but not reaching its centre,
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. U7
are six to ten wecige-shaped bundles of wood-fibre, much lighter in
color t�an either pith or bark. The leaves are pedately divided, dark
green 111 color, on long foot-stalks from the root. Each leaf is seven
to nine-lobed, one terminal. The leaflets are ovatc-1:mceolate, smooth
shining coriaecous and scrrntc<l ahovc. The flower-stem rises from th�
root, and is round, tapering, and reddish towards the base, havin� one
or Lwo large, rose-like flowers. ]I, is i11rligcno11s to the mountn111011s
n!gious of' southern and temperate Europe. It flowers from Decem­
ber to March..
It wns first proved by Jiahncnrnnn.
Preparation.-The rout, gatherer! immediately after the period of
flowering, is cautiously dried and po\nlcrccl, covcrecl with five purls by
\rcight _of alcohol, and allowed Lo remain eight clays in a well-stoppered
bottle, 111 a dark, cool place, being shaken Lwice a day. The tincture
is then poured otf, strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, ,1ir•
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
HELONIAS DIOICA, I'lfrsh.
Sy nony ms, Cham::clirium Lutcum, Gray. Vcrntrum Lutcum,
Linn. Ch:un::clirium Carolinianum, 1Villd. Hclonins Luten, Aiton.
Nat. Ord., Liliacca:.
Common Names, Bl:izing Star. Stnrwort. False Unicorn.
The plant is iudigcnous to the United States, where it grows in low
grounds. The herb is smooth; stem \rnnd-likc, from a thick and
abrupt tuberous rootstock, n.nd terminated by a long, wand-like, !<piked
raceme (four to nine inches long) of small, brnc.:tless flowers; fortilc
plant more leafy than the staminate. Leaves arc flat, lanccolatc, the
lowest spntulatc, t1tpcring into a petiole. Flowers dicccions. Pcrinnth
of six spatulatc-lincar (white) spreading sepals, ,l"ithcrinrr, persistent.
Filaments like threads. Anthers two-celled, yellow, exti'-'orse; fertile
flowers with rnclimcntary st.amcns. Styles linear-club•shnpcrl, stig­
matic along the iuner side. Pod ovoid-oblong, not lobed, many-seeded.
Flowers in ,Junr.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root, gathered just before flowering, is
chopped 1111d pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then two parLs by
weight of aleohol arc taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with ouc-sixih
part of it, and the rest of the alcohol added. After having stirrc<I the
whole well, n1HI poured it into a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to
stand eight days in a dark, cool place. The tincture is then scparnted
by decanting, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, ¼.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
HEPAR SULPHURIS CALCAREUM.
Synonyms, Calcarca Sulphurntum. Calx Snlphurata.
Common Names, Hepar Sulphuris. Impure Calcium Sulphide.
 248 flOl\lCEOl'ATRIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Preparation of Hepar Sulphuris.-This must he prepared
nccor,ling to Hahncmann's direction, vi1.., by mixing ccpml pnrts of'
finely powdered u1 1 d calcined oyster-shells and pure well-wnshc<l flowers
of sulphur, plncing them in a clay crucible, covered with n thick lny<'r
of moistened powdered chalk, and keeping the mixture at n white heat
for at least ten minutes. When cold, open the crucible nnd preserve
the hcpar in well-closed bottles protected from the light.
Properties and Tests.-Hepnr sulphuris is in white, porous, f'1:i.
able masses, or is a white•, amorphous powder, having the odor and taste
of sulphurcttcd hydrogen; it is insoluble in cold water, but dissolves
in hot hydrochloric acid with evolution of hydrogen sulphide. The
solution gives 11. white prccipitntc with oxalate of 11.rnmonia.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Hcpn.r sulphuris,· pre­
pared as above, is triturntcd as directed under Class VIL
Though n solution or so-called tincture, made of one part hepar
sulphnris, with ninety-nine parts of dilute alcohol, has been rcco111-
meudcd, it should not be relied on, as its strength is very uncertain.
HEPAR SULPHURIS KALINUM.
Synonyms, Kalium Sulphuratum. Potassii Sulphuratum.
Common Names, Sulphurated Potash. Liver of Sulphur. Sul­
phurct of Potnssium.
Preparation of Sulphuret of Potassium.-Takc of sublimed
snlphnr, 011c part; carbonate of potassium, two parts. Dry the car­
bonate of potassium, then rub it with the sulphur, and gradually hcn.t
the mixture in n. covered crucible until it ceases to swell and is per­
fectly fused. Then pour the mass on a marble tile, and when cold
break it into pieces. It should be kept in a well-stoppered bottle pro­
tected from the light.
Properties.-The sulphide of potassium prepared recently anrl ac­
cording to the process given above, is in flattish pieces of a liver-brown
color, which, upon exposure to air or by prnlongcd kccpin�, become
brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow. It is without crystallmc struc­
ture. Its reaction is alkaline. It forms with water a yellow solution
having the odor of hydrogen sulphide, and when an acid is added,
that gns is evolved and a precipitation of separated sulphur occurs. It
co1 1 tai11s, in addition to potassium sulphide, some sulphate of the al­
kali. It should dissolve completely in water, and almost entirely in
alcohol.
Tests.-Thc presence of sodium is shown by the yellow color of
the flame of an alcoholic solution when i«nited. Three parts of it dis­
solver! in distilled water and shaken with a solution of four parts of
sulphate of copper, should give a filtrate which doc� not respond to the
tests for copper and is not precipitated by hydrogen sulphide.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Thc pure sulphuret of
potassium is triturnted, as directed under Class VII.
'
I·
ROMCEOl'A'l'lllC l'UAlUlACIWTlCS. 249
HEPATICA.
Synonyms, Hcpatica Trilobn, Chaix. Anemone Hepatica, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Ra11unculaccm.
Common Name, Liverwort.
This is an indigenous plant, with a perennial fibrous root; leaves
rndicnl, three-lobed, conlatc nt the base, thick, nearly smooth, glnucous,
upon hairy footstalks from four to eight inches long, which spring di­
rectly from the r_ouL. The scnpcs arc several in number, round and
hniry, and bear a single white, bluish, or purplish flower. The involucrc,
nt a little distance below the corolln, resembles a calyx. The plant
grows upon the sides of hills nnd mountains. The lcayes survive the
winter, n'nd the flowers 11.pprn1r in the early spring.
It wns proved by Dr. D. G. Kimball, U. 8.
Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves arc chopped and pounded to a
pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol are taken,
.,he pulp thoroughly mixed with one-sixth part of it, !lltd the rest of
the nlcohol added. After stirring the whole well, and pouring it into
a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight days in a dark, cool
place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and
filtering.
Drug power of tincture, L
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
HIPPOMANES.
Hippoma11 cs is the normally white, usually dark olive-green, soft,
glutinous, mucous substance, of n. urinous odor, which flonts in the
allantois fluid, or is attached to the allnntois membrane of the mare or
cow, chiefly during the Inst months of pregnancy. For the provings,
the su bstnncc was taken by the veterinary He) ffrich from the tongue
of a newly-born filly, and when dried wns employed.
It wns introduced into our l\fatcrin. Medica by Dr. Hering.
Preparation.-Thc dried substance is triturnted according to
Clnss VIL
HURA BR AZILIENSIS, Willd.
Nat. Ord., Rutnccrc.
Common Names (in Brazil), Assncu. Onssncu.
This plar1 t .inhahit.5 the equatorial regions of South America, the
provinces of Pa.rn, Rio Negro, and the ncighhorhood of t�e Am�wn,
where it is very abundant. It resembles the Hura Orepilans, Lwn.;
its lcn.ves arc alternate, somewhat corda.tc, rounded, glabrous, serrate;
rolled up and stipillate'wl1ile young. Tl)c petiole is provided at its !OP
with two large glnnd�. Flowers monO!CIO�lS; the nmle flowers ha�mg
a short, urccolatc pcnanth,_ and covered with � scnly bract; th�y form
elongated, pedunclcd, tcrmrnal husks. _,The female tlo_wcrs, _ which are
twice as long ns those of the Hura Crcp1tans, hnve their pe:1a,nth . res�
ing against the ovary, which is surmounted by a long and mlund1buh-
250 IJOMCEOPATIJIC PllA RMACEUTICS.
form style, terminated by n steMn�c �tigmn ; _ they nrc solitnry _nrnl
placed nc:ir the male lluwcrs. lL 1s Jru111 Ll11� !-rec that the 111drn11F
d raw the milky juice. called Assncu _by thc_Ilrazil11u1s. .
It was introduced 1ntu our :Mntcrni Mcd1cn by Ur. Mure, Brn1.d.
Preparation.-Thc fresh snp, o btaiued by boring the trunk of the
tree, is mixed with nn equal part by weight of alcohol.
A mount of drug power, ½-
Dilutio11s must be prepared ns directed under Ulnss I.
HYDRASTIS.
Synonyms, Hydr nslis Canndensis, Linn. \Varncrin Canndcnsis.
Nat. Ord., R:11111m·11lace:c.
Common Names, Uolden Scnl. Yellow Root. Yellow Puccoo11.
This pl:111t is :1. sn1all, herbaceous p�rcnnial,
_ fo11ncl growing in rich
woods in the Uuilcd .'tales, but especially 111 the north nnd west. Ju·
rhimme is knultcd, thick, fleshy and yellow in colur, and furnished
with long rootlet�. Stem simple, hairy, nearly n. foot high. It has one
radic:il )p11f anti two from the stem. The leaves n.rc rounded, corclnlc
at the bai:e, five to seven-lobed, doubly senate; a single greenish-white
flower trl'l11inn.trs the stem; petals none, calyx colorcd, corolla-like,
c:ul11co 11 �. Frnit a retl or purple berry, in glob11lnr 1111lSScs.
The lir,;t prm·iugs were 111adc under the directio11 of Dr. Lippe,
U.S.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root is chopped :111d pn11ndccl to n pulp
nud weighed. Then two parts by _ weight �f alcohol a_r? taken, and
nil.er thoroughly 111ixi11g t!ic pu)p �l'1th one-sixth part of 1t, the 1:est o_f
the alcohol is ad,lcd. After st11:r1ng the whole well, :111d pourn�g 1t
into ri well-stoppered bottle, it 1s nllowcd to st111Hl eight _clnys m_ a
dnrk, cool place. The tiucturc is then scparnted by dccantmg, strnm­
ing and filtcri11g. .
Drug power of tmcturc, t·
Dilutious 11m:t be prepared ns directed under Class III.
HYDROCOTYLE ASIATICA, Linn.
Synonyms, ITydrocotylc Nummulariuides. I-lydrocotylc Pallida.
Nat. Ord., Umhcllifcr:-c.
Common Names, [ndian Pcnnywort. \¥atcr :Pcnnywort.
This pcrr1111i:tl creeping plant is indigenous to tropical regions in
both continents. Le:ives smooth petioln.te, grouped 011 the nodes of' t.hc
!:'tcm, rouud-kidncy shape, dark green iu color, 1111 inch hrond, with
crl'nntc 111ar«in. Flowers pinkish, in three-flowered 11111bcls. The
fresh brniscrtlcavcs lu�vc a pcculi:w odor, a!1d n. hilt?r pt111g?nl taste.
J t was introduced mto the Homooopnth1c l\1atcna l\Icd1ca by Dr.
A11do11it, Frnucc.
Preparation.-Thc carefully dried pln.nt is coarsely powdcrc�l,
covered with fiyc parts by weight of alcohol, and allowed to rcmnm
eip;ht days in n, wcll-stoppcrccl bolt.le, in a dark, cool pince, heing shaken
twice a,.day. The tincture is then poured oil; strained and filtered.
ITO)!ffiOPA Tfl IC I'll.\ R�! ACEUTICS. 251
Drug power of tincture, 1\r.
Dilutions must, be prepared ns directed under Clnss IV.
HYDROPHYLLUM VIRGINICUM, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Hydrophyllace::u.
Common Names, liurr Flower. \Vntcrlcnf.
This plant is i111lige11ou!'\, found growing in damp woo1ls. Its stem is
smooth, from one to two foct high. The pi1111atcly divided leaves have
five to seven diYisions, O\':ttc-lnnccolatc or oblong pointed, sharply dcn­
t ntc,. the lowest mostly t11·0-_partcd ! the uppermost co11!111rnt; peduncles
,
forked, longer than the pct10les of the upper lc:wcs. Calyx-lobes nar­
rowly linear, bristly-ciliate. Coroll:i cnmpanulatc, five-cleft; the tuhc
has Ji�c l�Htgitudiual linrar appPtHlngcs opposite the lobes, cohering
by the11· n11ddlc, with their edges folded inwards, for111ing :t ncctariforous
groove. St:1mcns :rnd style mostly cxscrtcd; fila111enls more or lei:;s
bearded; nuthcrs liucnr; ovary bristly hairy; spherical pocl, ripening
ouc lo four seeds. Flowers appear from June to August.
It was introduced iutu our l\fotcria J\ledica by Dr. P. n. Hoyt,
Uuited f:itatl'S.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plant, in bloom, is chopped and pounder!
In a pulp and w< >ighcd. Thl'n two parts by weight of' alcohol nrc
taken, the pulp thoroughly mixed with ouc-sixth part of it, nnd the
l'Cf-t of' the alcohol added. After stirring the whole mixture well, 1011r
/
iL into ii wrll-f:Loppercd hot,t,lc, aud let it st:rnd eight days in n < nrk,
cool place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and
filteriug.
Drug pnll'cr of tincture, L
Dilutions 111ust be prepared as.directed under Class III.
HYDROPIPER.
Synonym, Polygonum Hydropipcr, Linn.
Nat. Ord., l'olygonacc::c.
Common Names, Common Smartwccd. \Vntcr-Pcpper.
This an111111l, growing from one lo two feet high, is a 11aLi,·c of Eu­
rope and North A mcrica, \1·hcrc it is found growing i11 moist or wet
grounds. Rlcm is smooth; spikes 11oddi11g, gcncrnlly short or inlcr­
ruptcd; flowers greenish; stamens six; .:t,ylc two or thrcc-parte<I; achc­
nium dull, mi1111tcly striate, either flat or obtuf-cly triangnlar. The
whole herb is pungent aud acrid. Flowers appear late in snm111cr or
early i11 autumn.
Preparation.-The fr esh plant is chopped nncl poundc<I to a. pulp
1111d weighed. Then two parts hy weight ol':ilcohol arc takcu. the pulp
rnixcd thoroughly with one-sixth part of' it, nnd the rest of the alcohol
added. Aller having stirred the whole well, pour it into n. well-stop­
pered bottle, and let it stand eight days in a dark , cool pince. Tho
tincture is then scpnrntcd by decanting, straining and filtering.
Amount of drng power, A.
Dilutions must be prepared ns clircct. ecl under Clnss III.

252 FIOMCEOPA'rHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
HYOSCYAMUS.
Synonyms, lfyoscynmus Niger, Linn. Jusquiami.
Nat. Ord., Sohnnccm.
Common Names, Henbane. Hogbean. Poison Tobncco.
This pla11t is usually n. biennin.l, with a long, conical, whitish, fleshy,
slightly hra11chi11g root, somcwhn.t like that of parsley, for which it hns
been 11iistn.kc11 with poisonous results. The stem which rises i11 the
second year, is rou11d, branching, erect aud very leafy. Lenves large,
obloug, cut sinuo11sly into pointed lobes, clasping at the base. The
whole plant is viscid, hairy, sca-greeu in color, aud fotid. Flowers arc on
one-sided, termin:d, dcpcurling spikes; calyx tubular, five-cleft; corolla
funnel-shaped, five-lobed and unequal, straw-yellow in color, with n. net­
work of' dark purple veins. Fruit a two-celled pyxis, contai11i11g
numerous seeds. The plant is a native of Europe, where it grows on
roadsides, amid rubbish, etc.
This rlrug was first proven by Hahnemann.
Preparation.-Thc fresh blooming plant is chopped and pounded
to n pulp, enclosed iu a. piece of new linen and subjected to pressure.
The expressed juice is then, by brisk agitation, mingled with an equal
pnrt by weight of alcohol. The mixture is allowed to stand eight days
in a well-stoppered bottle, in n dark, cool place, and then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, ½. . ·
Dilutious must be prepared as directed under Cla...oS I.
HYPERICUM.
Synonyms, Hypcricum Perforatum, Linn. Fuga Dromonum.
Ilcrha Solis.
Nat. Ord., Hypcricncem.
Common Name, St. John's ,vort.
This pcrcunial herb is abundant both in Europe and this country,
often covering whole fields, and proving extremely annoying to formers.
It is from one to two feet high. The stem is erect, much branched,
smooth, two-edged, set with small, opposite, half-clasping, oblong-oval,
obtuse, smooth leaves, pcllucid-punctate. The flowers in terrninnl pan­
icles, are 011 short petioles, are star-shaped, yellow, at the margin
black-punctate. Fruit a three-celled pod.
It wns proven by Dr Gco. F. Milller, Germany.
Preparation.-The fresh, blooming plant, is chopped and pounded
to a pulp nud weighed. Then two par. ts by weight of alcohol are taken,
the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of
the alcohol added. Afl:.er having stirred the whole well, pour it into 11
well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight days in a dark, cool place.
The tincture is then scparnted by decanting, straining nnd filtering.
Dl'llg power of' tincture, �-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
HO�l(EOl'ATlllC PHARMACEU'rrcs •. 253
It3ERIS AMARA, Linn.
Synonym, Lepidium Ibcris.
Nat. Ord., Crucifcrrc.
Common Name, Bitter Candy-Tuft.
This plant is i11dige11ous to Europe. It is cultivated in gardens ou
account of its bright, milk-white flowers, and appears occnsioually in
corn fields in England. lt is nn herbaceous plant, about a foot in
height, with a few erect branches forming a terminal flat corymb.
Leaves obloug-Ianccolatc or broadly linear, with a. few coarse teeth, or
slightly pinnatifid. Flowers white. Pod nearly orbicular, the long
style projcctiug from the notch at the top.
Tl11s drug was proven under the direction of Dr. E. M. Hale,
United States.
Preparation.-Thc ripe seeds are coarsely powdered, covered with
five parts by weight of alcohol, and allowed to remain eight days in a
well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, being shaken twice a day.
The tincture is then poured off; strained nnd filtered.
Amount of drug power, T¾r•
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
IGNATIA.
Synonyms, Strychnos Ignatia, Lindley. Faba Ignntii. (Ignatia
Amnrn, Linn.)
Nat. Ord., Loganiaccm.
Common Names, l j:!natia. Bean of St. Ignatius.
8. Ignatia is :i large shrub or snmll tree, ·climbing in hnbit, found
growing in the Phillippinc Islands nnd Cochin China. It hns oppo­
site, ovate, entire nnd glaucous lcnvcs. The flowers arc white an<!
fragrant, tubular, nodding, in short axillary racemes. The fruit is
oblqng or Rub-glol.)lllar in shape, berry-like in cltarnctcr, and within the
brittle pcricarp is a bitter pulp enclosing from twenty to twenty-four
seeds. The scc<ls arc a.bout an inch long,-ohlong or ovate in shape, ob­
scurely ani:rulilr, with one convex and one flat side, nnd having n con­
spicuous hilum at one encl. In the fresh state they are covered with a
silky down, beneath which is the brown epidermis. In commerce the
sccrl is found deprived of the pcricarp, nnd it consists simply of the
albumen whose surface is granular and gray. The albumen is trans­
lucent and difficult to split. The name lgnntin Amarn, Linn., is not
the title of the pla.nt fumishing the St. Ignatius benn, nncl should be
dropped from such connection.
The drug was proven by Hahnemann.
Preparation.-The powdered seeds are covered with five parts by
weight of alcohol, nncl allowed to remain eight days in a well-stoppered
bottle, in a. dark, cool place, being shaken twice a day. The tincture
is then poured ofl; strained and filtered..
Dri:1g power of tincture, T1tr -
Dilutions must be prepared ns <lircctcrl under Class IV.
Triturations are prepared from the pow<lered seed as directed under
Class VII .
2:':,4 IIOMCEOPATHIC rIIARMACEUTICS.
ILEX OPACA, Aiton.
Synonyms, Ageriit Opncn. Ilcx Aquifolium
Nat. Ord., Aquifolince:-c.
Common Name, American Holly.
This tree, fro111 tweuty to forty foct in height, grows in moist wood,
lands, from Maiuc to l'cnusylvm1ia, near the const, but is con1monc1
fr<)lll Virgini:isouthwnr<l.. Leaves oval, fhtt, 11111rgins wa,·_y, sparsely
sp111011s-dcntn.t?; flower� 111 louse clusters along ihc bnsc ot ihc young
hranchcs nnd Ill ihc :ixils; calyx-teeth acute. Drupe red, its nutle�
rihhcd, veiny, or one-�roovccl on the bnck. Flowers appear in ,T unc.
Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves, gathered in June, arc chopped
nnd pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then two parts hy weight of
alcolwl arc taken, ihc pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of' it,
and the rest of the alcohol added. After having stirred the wholo
well, pour it iuio n well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight days in a
dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decanting' strain-
ing and filtering.
Anwuut of drug power, L
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
INDIGO.
Synonyms, Color Iudicus. Iudicum. Pigmentum Iudicum.
Nat. Ord., Lcgu miuos::c.
Common Name, Indigo.
_A blue�lye st�1fl; t!1c produc� o� sc�ernl _ species of indigofcrm, chiefly In­
d1gofera tinctorw. , I he genus 111d1goferro 1s made up of' herbaceous plants,
'.11· ?r plants woody only at the base. The juices of' the plants contain
111d1ean, C� 0 H 31 NO 1 7, which, when boiled with ncids or �nh111ittccl to
tl1c action of ferm?uL�, nb�orbs wnter and splits up into indigo-hluc,
U, 8 lI 5 N 0, nnd 111d1gluc111, C 0 H 1 0 0 6 , as shown hy the equation
C2c H.31 N 0 17 + 2II 2 0 = U 8 H 5 NO+ 3 (C 6 H 10 0 0). The
change was formerly supposed to be due to the oxidation of 11 s11h­
stnnec en.lied indigo-white or chromogcn, which wns hclil to he a c1111-
�t itncnt of the pla11ts, but ihc researches of Schunlc showed thnt 11s
i11digo-white requires free alkali for its solution, it could 11ot exist in the
�np of plants, which is always acid. To obtnin indigo from the plants
which produce it the chopped leaves nnd twigs nre maeernted in wnter
for twelve or fifteen hours nnd allowed to ferment, after which the
liquid is ponr�d into
_ shallow vats and repeatedly stirred. The indigo
thereby deposited 1s scparnte<l from the browu liquid, boiled with water
nncl d�·ie�. Commercial indigo contains from fifty to sixty per cent. of
pur_c md1go-bluc, the remainder consisting of indiglucin, indigo ..red,
md1�0-brown n11d a number of resinous products. It mny be purified
hy different methods. By submittino- the commercial article to subli-
111ntion between two pln.tin11m crucibfc-lids, kept not more tha11 t�rcc­
eighths of an inch apart, crystals of pure sublimed indigo may be
obtain<'<!.
Properties.-The sublimed substance is in purple-red prisms of a
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 255
metallic lustre. The precipitated indigo is in dark blue masses or
cnkes. vVhen rubbed with a hard body, the substance becomes dis­
tinctly coppery in appearance. It is without odor or taste, is insoluble
i11 ordinary solveuts, but is dissolved by nitro-benzol, chloroform, chloral
hydrate and fuming sulphuric acid, the solution in the latter bciug
called sulph-indigotic acid.
It wns first proven by Drs. Martin and Schiller, Gcrmnuy.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Iridigo is trituratcd as
dfrecte<l under Class VII.
INDIUM METALLICUM.
Synonyms, Imliu111. Metallic Indium.
Symbol, In.
Atomic Weight, 74.
Origin.-This metal wns discovered by Reich nml Richter, in the
zinc-blcndc of Freiberg. Its spectrum is chnrnctcrizcd by two indi�o­
colorc<l lines, one very bright and more rcfraugible thnn the blue l!nc
of strontium, the other fainter but still more rcf'rnugiblc, approaclnng
the blue line of potassium. It was the production of this peculiar
spcctrnm that lead to the discovery of t,hc metal, nnd its name is
indicative of the color of the lines. The ore, consisting chiefiy of
blcnclc, galena, nncl arsc11icnl pyrites, was roasted to expel sulphur and
arsenic, then treated with hydrochloric acid, and the solution was
evaporated lo dryness. The impure ,due chloriclc thus obtain� d ?x�
hibited, when examined by the spectroscope, the first of' the 1rnl1go
lines above mentioned. The chloride was aflcnrnrds ohtnined in a
state of greater purity, and from this the hydrate nrnl the metal itself'
were prepared. Thr first line then cnmc out with much greater bril­
liancy and the second was likewise observed.
Properties.-Jndiu111 has hitherto been obtained in such very
small quantities that its properties haYc been but imperfectly studied.
It appears, however, to belong to the iron group. The n1ctal itself is
of a lend-grey culur, so�, very mallcahlc, :incl it.s streak is like thnt of
lend. It di�solvcs easily in hy<lrocliloric ncill, forming a deliquescc1_1t
chloride. Fro111 the solution of this salt, it is precipitated by ammonia
and potash as a hydrate, insoluble iu excess of either r<:ngcut. Hyd_ro·
gen sulphide docs not precipitate_ it from an ac)d sol11t10n. ·�he oxide
heated on charcoal with soda,. yields a 111ctall1c globule, which_, "·.hen
rnhcatcd, oxidizcs to a yellowish powder. The compounds of md111m
impart a violet tint to the flame of a Bunsen burner.
It was introducerl into our Mnteri� Mcclica by D_r. J. _B. �ell, U. S.
Preparation for Homreopath1c Use_.-Ind1urn 1s triturated as
directed under Class VII.
INULA.
Synonyms, Inula Helenium, Linn. Corvisartia Helcnium.
Nat. Ord., Compositro.
 25G II0:1-[CEOPATRIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Common Names, Elecnmpanc. Scnbwort.
This plnnt is n unth·c of Europe nnd of Northern all(! Centrnl A11m,
h 11t hm1 hcc111110 n1tt,11r1Llize<l in tho United SLtttcs, where it is fo1111cl
growing on road sides, in the Eustem, Middle nntl ·w estcrn States. Its
root is perennial, from which ascends aununlly a round, furrowed,
brnuching, downy stem four to six feet high. Radicnl leaves, large,
pctiolatc, serrate. Stem leaves alternate, ovate, amplcxicaul, rugous,
downy beneath. Flower-heads large, solitary and terminal. lnvol­
ucrc of ovi,tc scnles in rows. Ray flowers numerous, pistillntc, sprend­
ing, trifid at apex. Disk flowers perfect. The fresh root is branched,
the cylindrical divisions luwing many fibrous rootlets; it hns 11, some­
what camphoraccous smell nnd 11, taste at first rancid and sonpy, but
a.Iler chewing the root, becoming bitter and aromatic.
The drug was proven by Dr.. Fischer, Germany.
Preparation.-The fresh roots, dug in autumn, and in their second
year, arc chopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then two·
parts by weight of dilute nlcohol are taken, the pulp mixed thor­
oughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol added.
Ancr having stirred the whole well, pour it into n well-stoppered
hott,lc and let it stnnd eight days in a dark, cool pince. The tmcture
i,; then separated by decanting, strniuing and filtering.
Drug power of' tincture, It.
Dilutions 1_nust be µrepared as directed under Class Ill.
!ODIUM.
Synonyms, Iodinium. Iodum. Jodium,
Common Name, Iodine,
Symbol, I.
Atomic Weight, 127.
A non-metallic clement.
Origin.-The element iodine exists in nature only in the combined
- state, It occurs in sea-water and in mineral springs. It is fonn,I in
certain land-plants, e. g., in tobacco, and 11, species of Salsola growing
in the floating gardens on the fresh-water lakes near the city of Mexico.
Various marine animals contain it, viz., the common sponge, the horse- •
sponge, the oyster, etc. It is contained in cod-liver oil to the amount
of .03 or .04 per cent. It is found, too, in several minemls, ns iodide
of potnssium, sodium or mngnesium, in Chili saltpetre; as iodide of
calcium or magnesium in certain dolomites. Sen-water is the great
source of' it, whence it is approprintcd hy marine plants and nnimnls,,
cspccinlly by certain algre, notably FtteWJ palmatus. These plants are
collected on the coast of Scotland, Jersey and other places, nnd burnt
to ashes in shnllow pits to form kelp or vnrec. Iodine exists in kelp
in the form of iodide of potassium and of sodium, which, being much
more soluble than the other constituents, remain in the mother liquor
a�cr the c:i.rbonntes nncl chlorides have crystalfo:cd out.
Preparation.-Iodine is prepared commercially by adding man­
ganese di-oxide and sulphuric acid to the mother liquor, placing the
mixture- in n retort and distilling nnd condensing the vnpors; the pro-
RO)JiliOl'ATHlC l'flAJDIACEU'l'ICS. 257
c�s is similar to that used in the pr<'paration of bromine. Sometimes
cyn11iclc nf iorli11c is fou11cl i11 the recciv<'rs-in white, 11eccllc-shnpl'cl
crystnls, n1ul if the t.en1pcrnt11rn at which tl1c clistillation is comluetc1l
be much higher than 100 ° U. (212 ° l�.), the product is contaminated
with chloride of iodine. Iodine thus obt.ai11cd mny be purified by
wnshing with 11, small 11uantity of water, prc.c:sing between folds of
hihulnus paper, dryi11g and suhli111ing, or by di!'Solving it in alcohol,
filtering n11rl prccipitnti11g with watc>r.
Properties.�J{c-:ublimcd iodi11c crystallizes in rhombic �cnlcs or
in orthorhombic octohcdrons. It is hlui;h-black in color, has n mctnl­
lic lustre, and i11 thin s1·ctions is r<'d when viewed by trnnsniUcd lip:ht..
Its odor is somewhat pungent, recalling that of chlorine; its taste is
caustic and acrid. It is softand easily pulverized. llschcmicnl nffini­
tics arc those of' chlorine and hro111i11c; but much weaker, and it is dis­
placed from most of its combinations by either of th<'!'c bodies. It
destroys colori11g matters, but only slowly; upon organic tissues, the
skin, paper, etc., it prn<luces ii yellow-brown stain, which disnppcnrs
nf'tcr n while unclcr the influence of heat, if' the rontact had not
been too prolonged. 1 Is spc1·ific grnviLy is 4.95. Jn the open nir,
iodine volntilizes nt the orcli11ary·tempcraturc; whc11 hcatccl to 107 °
C. (22-LG ° F.) it melts, and at 180 ° C. (�56 ° F.) it hoil�, cvoh·ing n
dense vnpor of' it magnificent violet-purple tint. ThiH vnpor is the
heaviest known, hcing 8.72 time.,; as hcnvy ns air. Iodine is very.
sli ghtly soluble in water, 7,000 pnrls of the lnttcr being required to
take up one of iodine. It di�solvcs easily in alcohol, ether, enrbon di­
sulphide and chloroform; in the latter two the solutions are of' n. beau­
tiful purple tint, in the former two of' a brown color. It is very solu­
ble in aqueous solutions of' iodides.
Tests. -Starch is the most characteristic reagent for free iodine.
\Vhcn to a starch s0l11Lio11 is added I\ drop of·a. weak iodine solution,
n deep blue coloration immediately cnsu<'s. On heating the mixture
the blue color di�appcnrs, but it is restored upon cooling. A number
of s11cccl"sivc h<'atingR will, l11iwev<'1· 1 clest.roy the color pcrmnncntly.
The test is very 1\clicatc, detecting one part of' iodine in 400,000 of'
water. Re-sublimed or officinal iodine is usually very pure. To ns­
surc one's self of' that fact, heat a smn II portion in It test-I ubc; it should
volatilize completely and condense in crystals in the cool portion of
the tube. ff cynnidc of iQclinc he present the crystals nlr<'n1ly men­
tioned will appt•ar among those of' I he iodine. A pure SlH'eimcn of
iodine should dif-.�oh·c without residue in f'rom ten to fifteen parts t1f
alcohol; if diloride of iodine he prcS('11t the water will become colorcd
brownish-yellow. Finnlly, on volntilizin� n, portion of' the iodine in
a porcelain capsule there should be no rcsuluc.
Iodine was introduced into our 1\falcria Modica hy IInhncmaun.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-One part by weight of
resublimed iodine is dissolved in nin<'ty-ninc parts by weight of alcohol.
Amount of drug power, rh·
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class VI-{i.
Triturations are prepared ns directed under Clnss VIL
258 BOM<EOl'A'fJllC PITA1U1ACIW'l'H;s. HOl\fmOPATlfIC PTTARMACTWTJCS. 259
This plant is a small shrnb abounding in moist, shndy
IODOFORMIUM. Brazil, between the 8th and 20th degrees of south latiLu d woods in
Synonym, Io1lofor11111111. is from four to six inches lo ng, of t.hc thick nc!>s of n gm,sc-quic. Its root
ll, wrinkled
Common Name, Ioclofor m. nnnularly, o ften branch<'cl. 1t penetrates the �round obliquely,
and nt
Formula, U 11 J 3. intervals puts out lo ng slf'111lcr mo llcts. The stem begins
helcm 1 he
Molecular Weight, 39-1-. he pr epnretl
surface of the grou nd, is o ften procum hcnt ncnr the bnsc,
so 1.l111t hut
Preparation of Iodoform.-Iodofor m mny rendily 1,i11cL11rc of little more than one font of it nppcars above. The stem
is smooth, eh•;­
ic �olutio of potnssi um hy Lo
hy n dding :tlcoh o l n drnlc
titutc of lea.vcs below, ashy or brown
in color, and gives
in n rcLorl with 11 shoots. The upper.porti on is gree n and hairy. Leave off' rooting
iodine, :tniiclin� cxcl'i'S. In :t long-necked fl nsk or it arc a<lcled 100 s
wide tuhul u,;, nrn plac•c•tl 100 pnrts of io d ine, and to than six, arc opp osite, on petioles, oval, n c11lc, entire, withrarely more
11 1 1cl 2!;0 of stipul es clasping the stc111. Flowers sm all, while, in a ncnrlyrlccirluous
parts of potassi 1 1111 hicarhonnlc, 1200 of disl illccl water,
is g rndmtlly hentc,\
al cohol. A flcr atlach i 11 � n re c ei v er, the mixt. 11rc bend of about twelve. Fruit, an ovoid, purple-black bcny. globular
1 has t lis­
Lo nhn11t 80° C. (176 F.), and whe n t,he color of t,hc sol11tio1
°
e :uhl i­ It was intrnducC'd inlo our l\fatcri:t l\[edica hy Hnhncmnnn.
ine arc nddcd, nm\ s ccessiv
nppcarccl , twe nLy-fivc part,, of iod Preparation.-Thc drie d root is c oarsely powdered,
u
linc, waiting befo r e each
tions o f' tw<' n ty, a n d fin:dly of te n pnrts o f io< with five parts hy weight of :dcohol; having been poured nnd covered
iodine hn,·c
aclcliti ou uul,il t,hci liquic l is dcr.olorizcd. Shoulcl t oo much uisLillalc is stoppcrccl bottle, i t is allowe d to remain eight dnys in into n w cll­
h ccn n clclecl (know n hy the n o n - d ischar ge of iLs color), Lhc pl ace, being shaken twic e a dny. The tin ctur e is thenn dark, cool
trc:ttccl with poured on;
t o he pourecl haek into the retort or flnsk, and the whole nr fiu nlly clis­
strained nnd filtered.
snmll, sucl·essi,•c portions of cn.us tic potnsh , uutil the co l
Drug power of tincture, T'rr·
s. The l 1ui<l esid is to be pou r ed in ii p orcelnin dish nncl Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class
:ippear i1 r ue
IV.
collected 011 11.
set nsidc for twenty-four hours. The cryst.'lls nre to be the wnsh­
tiller, and wnshccl with cold, d istilled w1tter, until n d rop of y re s idue, IRIDIUM.
d from plati um fo l censes to le:w e an
ings when cvnporntc n i
np cr.
arnl linn.lly, clricd :it a medium temperature on b ibulous p cryst,nllinc Symbol, Ir.
rties.- Io,lnfo rm is lemon- y ellow, gliste ning, Atomic Weight, 198.
Prope in
n m\ hnv c :t
plates, which h:wc n, greasy feel, arc snffron-like in o<lor wn.tcr, one Origin and Preparation of lridium.-,Vhcn
cru de plotinum
�h t slc. The crysta ls arc p r ncl icnlly insnluble in is dissolved in nitro-m 11rintic n cid, n smnll quantity
swccti of
metallic subst.'lllc e usually remains behind, having. nltogea grny, scaly,
n °
F.) for solu­
pnrt of' the �alt re<]uiring 14,000 of water nt 15 C. (59 lcohol in the
°

tion. They dissoh·c in seventy-five parts of 95 pe r cent. n the action of the nc id; this is a nnlivc alloy of iridium thcr resi�tcd
cold, but in ten parts if boiling. They a1·c readily soluble
in ether, clilled oarni1-idi1irn or iridosminc; it is rc<lucecl to powde ancl osmium,
n n the cthcr l nd fatty oils. r, m ixed with
chloroform, carbon disulphide, nd i cn n an equal weight of dry sodium chloride, nod heat e
d to rednc8s in n
115° C. (239° F.), they m lt to n b r own l iquid , nn d at a. glass tube, through which a strcnm of moist ehlorine g
l [c nt cd to e
ns
higher temperature nrc decomposed i nto vapor of iocliuc,
hy drioclic The farther extremity of the Lube is connecte d with is 1 rn n�mitted.
Iodo­ !t recci \'cr con­
ncirl nn<l other proclucts, lc:wing behind n cn.rbonnceous mnss.clistillrcl taining solution of ammonia. The gns, under these
circum
form is som ewhat v ol 1 1Li lc nt ordinar y tcmpcm turcs, nncl when rapidly absorbed, iridium chlori de nnd osmium chloride stnnces, i,i
with boiling water comes over u nchnngcd. A "·ntcry soluti o ses i od<'·
on of cn.us­
duced; the former rc111aiw; in cnmhinalion with the sod hC"ing pro­
iu
tic nlk l clocs n ot aff e ct it, but nu alcoho lic sol u L io n de comp the latter, being vol atile, is cnrr icd forward inlo the rccC"iYm chloride;
is decomposed by the wnt cr into osmic and hydrochloric cr, where it
n i
fon11 into formate nn<l iodide of potnssium. onn- ncid�, which
Tests.-Jn adclitinn to the properties aboYC given, the citrh foil, combine with the nl kali. The co11te11fs of the Luhc
whl•n !'old arn
left. when portion of iodofor h cntcd on plntinum treated with water, by which the iridium and 1<odium
<'<'<lllS m a�s tl m is
residue. chlo ride is dis­
sho11lei at a higher tcmpcrntu re be consumed without. lc:ivi11g n. Stntcs. solved out; this is mixed wit,h a n cxcl'!-S of ammo
nium dalo ri dc. nn<l
The clrug was first proven by Dr. B. F. U nderwood, U nited ted
the iridium is precipitated n s a dark red-brown nn11nnn
io-chloriclc, 2
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Io<loform is triturn (NH. Cl), Ir 01 4; upon heating this to red ness iridium only is left
I\S dircctccl unclcr Cla!<s VIL behind.
Properties.-lridium is a white brittle met.al,
IPECACUANHA difficulty before the ox -hy drogrn hlow-pipc. Drwillf11sihlc with gren t
c nnd Dcl,rny,
means of their powerfu roxy-hydrogcn hlast furnace, have by
Synonym, Ccphrclis Ipccacunuhn, .A. R-icha1·d. pletely into n. pure white mass, resembling poli$hcd s1ccl, fu�cd it com­
Nat. Ord., H,ubinccrc. cold, somewhat mallE;able nt a rncl heat, and having a brittle in the
Corru:non Name, Ipec ac. density equal to
2GO HOMCEOPA'fHIC PTTARM ACEUTICS.
that of platinum, vi7.., 21.l!i (21.8 Hare). By moistening the pulvcr­
ulcnt meta,! with II small quantity of water, pre�sing it. tightly, first
hctwccn filtering paper, then very forcibly in a prc,;s, and calcining it
at. a white heat in :t forge-fire, it may be obtained in the form of a com­
pact, ycry hard m:i$.S, capable of taking a good polish, hut still \·cry
pornus, nnd of n density not exceeding 16.0. After strong ignition it
is i11 solnblc in all acid;,;, but when reduced hy hydrogen at low tempera•
turcs, it oxidizcs slowly at n red heat, an«l dissolves in nit.romuriatie
acid. It is usually rendered soluble by fusing it with nitre and caustic
potash, or by mixing it with common salt, or better, with n mixture of'
the chlorides of pota�sium and sodium, and igniting it in :� current of
chlorine, as ahove described.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Iridium is triturntcd as
directed 1111tlcr Class VIL
IRIS VERSICOLOR, Linn.
Synonym, Jris Hexngonn.
Nat. Ord., lridaccrc.
Common Names, Blue Flag. Flowcr-de-luee. Liver Lily.
Thi� i!- an indigenous i-pccics whose root is a perennial, fleshy, hori-
zontal rhi 7.omc. Stem two Lo three feet high, angled and frequently­
h rn uching. LC'aYes arc sheathed nt the hase, sword-shaped, and str1-
al1·1I. The flowers :�re two to six in number, blue or purple, but vari«�
gatccl greenish-yellow or white, nnd purple-vcinccl. Fruit a p od ,
oblong, threc-vah·ed, three-sided, with obtuse angles, containin g numcr-
011!1 flat seed�. The plant is found in nil parts of the United 8tntes, in
low wet place�, in mendows, and 011 borders of swamps. Flowers i11
June.
It was fi rs t proved by-Dr. J. G. Rowla1 1cl, Inaugural Thesis, Philn.,
18!j2.
Preparation .-Thc fresh root, gathered in late nutnmn or early
spring, is <"hopped nncl po111 1dcd to a pulp and weighed. Thc11 two
parls hy weight of alcohol arc taken, a11d nil.er thoroughly mixing
the pulp with 01 1c-sixth part of it, the rc!'t of the alcohol is nclclecl.
Aflcr having stirrecl the whole well, pour it into n wcll-stoppcrr<l
hottlc. and let it. stand eight days in n. dark, cool pince. The tirtcture
i� then scpnrnted hy decanting, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, A.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Chiss III.
JABORANDI.
Synonyms, Pilocnrpus Pcnnatifolius, Lemaire. Pilocnrpus Pin-
11atui-, 1lfarli11s. Pilocarpus Sclloanus, Eng.
Nat. Ord., R11t. accrc.
Common Name, Jnhornncli.
1'. 71e7matifolius is a slightly brnnchcd shrub growing in Brn7.il.
The l�\·es arc on long stalks, impari-pcnnntc; lcnflets opposite in froru
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 261
two to five pnirs, the terminal one being on a large petiole. Leaves
entire, ovntc-ohlon ff, apex taperiug, rounded or cmnrgiuatc, base tnper­
i11 g or rounded. 'l he lc:tflcts arc coriacC\JllS, po�scss a promine11 t mid­
rib nnd have slightly rcvol11tc margins. They nrc ptmctatctl wit.It oil
glands. The taste of the len\·cs is hitter aucl aromatic, followed by a
tingli11g sensation in the mouth a11d an i11crcnscd flow of salirn; their
oclor is not noticeable till they arc bruised, when it is perceived to be
slightly aronmtic.
P. Sellocmtt.� occurs in Southern Brnzil and Parnguny, and docs not
differ greatly from tric above-described plnnt.
The first, systematic proving of this clnrg seems to hnvc been hy Dr.
\V. L. \Vatkins, N. Y., although a nurnbcr of "php:iologicnl experi­
ments" have hccn made from time to lime in 187-l-!i by Unhlcr, Cou­
tinho and Robin in F rn rH·<', and by Ringer ancl Gould in Englnnd.
Preparation.-Thc dried leaves and stems nrc conr'.scly powdered,
eovcrcd with five parts hy weight of nlcohol, and allowed to remain
eight clays in a wcll-stopperc•d IH,ttlc, in a dark, cool plaec, hcing shnkcn
twice a day. The t,incture is then poured oil; strained an<l liltcrc<l.
Drug power of tincture, r\r-
Dilutiuns must be prepared as dircctctl under Class IV.
JACARANDA CAROBA, De Canclolle.
Synonyms, Dignonia Caroba. Jacaranda llraziliensis.
Nat. Ord., Bigno11iac<'rc.
Common Name, Caroha.
The caroha is Ycry common in Brnzil, in gnrdcns nnd Oil plantations.
It is a tree wilh white wood, the raniosc top of which altai11s a hci1d1t
of from twenty to twP11ly-cight feet. Lcaycs pinnate, t.ri- or quadriju­
gatc, comp_o�ccl of from five to nine opposite, sc�ilc, glabrous and o\·al
foliolcs. Flowers large, violct-colorecl, Oil pcdiccls that nrc expanded
nt their extremities, and forming ramosc terminal paniclcs. Unlyx
tubulous, with five teeth; corolla tuhulous, slightly pubescent exter­
nally, and expanding nt its summit into a limb with fh-c obtuse divis­
ions. Stamens five, one of ,rhich is rudimentary; ovnry ovoid, �ur­
mounted by a simple style ler111irn11 ing in a hilamellnry stig111n. The
husks arc linear nncl llnt. Hlos�on1s appcnr in Rcptcmher.
It was introduced into the II0111reopnthic l\lateri:i l\fcdica by Dr.
Mure, Bra7.il.
Preparation.-Thc fresh flowers arc pounded to a. pulp nnd
weighed. Then two part!'! hy weight of alcohol nrc taken, aud, having
mixed the pulp thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, the rest of the
alcohol is added. After haviug stirred the whole well, pour it into a
well-stoppered bottle and let it stand eight days in II dnrk, cool pince.
The tincture is then scpnrnted hy decanting, straining and filtering.
Amount of drug power, lJ-.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed uudc1' Class III.
26'2 HOMCEOPA'l'HIC PHARMACEUTICS.
JALAPA.
Synonyms, Ipomcea Purga, Hayne. Exogouium Purgn, Bentham.
Convolvulus l'urga, Wenderoth. Mcchoacanna Nigra.
Nat. Ord., Convolvulace::c.
Common Name, Jalap.
This is 11 t11berous-rooted plant, having a twining, herbaceous stem,
furnished with conlatc, entire, pointed, smooth leaves on long stalks.
]Ls flo,vcrs arc deep pink in color, salver-shaped an<l stnn<l two or
t.hrcc on Ion� peduncles. The plant is a native of Mexico, dcriYing
it,; name from X:dnpn, in the State of Vern Cruz. The ,Jnlnp of
cornnicrcc consisL9 of irrcg11l1tr, ovoid roots, whose sizes vary from thnt
of a hazelnut to that of nu egg, but at times specimens are found as
large as n. man's fist. They a.re of a dark brown hue, with numerous
transverse light-colorc<l scars. The large roots a.re gashed longitudin­
ally to permit of more ready drying, or arc halved or q11artcrcd; the
smaller specimens arc usually found entire. A good specimen ofjalap
is hcn.vy, hard, tough and often horny; it becomes brittle when kept
long and breaks with a resinous, non-fibrous frn.ct11rc. Its color inter­
nally is dirty white or pale <lull brown. Its oclor is smoky, from the
mode in which it is dric<l, and its tnste acrid and disagreeable.
lt was introduced into our Materia Medica hy Noack nu<l Trinks.
Preparation.-Thc heavy, resinous root, carefully dried nn,l
coarsely pulverized, is covered with five part.5 hy weight of alcohol, and
allowed to remain eight days in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool
place, being shaken twice a day. The tincture is then poured ott:
strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, -lir •
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class IV.
JANIPHA MANIHOT, Kunth.
Synonyms, ,Jntroplm Manihot, Linn. Manihot Utilissima, Pohl.
Manioca Mandi.
Nat. Ord., Euphorhiacero.
Common Names, Tn.piocn Plant. Maniocn. Cns!mvn.
The cassava plant is probably a native of Brazil, where it hns long
hccn cultivated for its nutritious root. It is bushy in habit, with :i
nunose stem, growing three feet or more iu height. Jt.5 leaves arc sea­
green in color, petiolatc, alternate, pn.lmately divided, having five to
�even lanccolatc, smooth, entire lobes. The flowers arc in pnniclcs,
tPrminal or axillary; the pcrianth is bell-shaped, five-parted, light yel­
low, changing to brnwn at the end. The roots arc white, fleshy, tubcr­
<,us, and oft.co weigh over twenty-five pounds chch. They abound in
a milky juice, which is poisonous, but which is removable hy pressure
and drying. The residue is starchy in clmrncter and is a food-staple.
It was proved by Dr. J. Vincente Martins, Brazil.
Preparation.-The milky juice of the fresh root is triturated as
dircctc<l II ndcr Class VIII.
HOMIBOP ATIIIC J'l iAIUIACEUTICS. '2G3
JATROPHA CURCAS, Linn.
Synonyms, Curcus I'urgans, Adanson. Ficus Infcrnalis. Ricinus
:Majoris.
Nat. Ord., Euphorbiace::c.
Common Names, l'hysic Nut. Purging Nut.
This plant is a shrub, indigenous to tropical regions, and found grow-
ing i11 the West Ir�dics and 8011th America. It.� leaves nr? hcnr�­
shapcd, 1"111ooth,.cnt1re; flowers campnnulatc, grecJ11sh-ycllow, 111 pn111-
c11latc cy111cs. The fruit is a three-celled capsule, each cell on·c-sccdcd;
S<!l!cls am hl:u:kir-d1, ohlong-ovoid, ucarly an inc:h Ion�, convex on onr
side, flat on the other, wil h a whitish hilum at one cud. ,vithiu the
envelope is the kernel, whose tnste is somewhat sweet but followed by
an acrid, burning sensation.
It was introduced into our l\fateria Medica by Dr. Hering.
Preparation.-The ripe seeds arc eonrscly powdered and covcrc<l
with five parts by weight of alcohol, and allowed to remain eight
days in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, being shaken
twice a dny. The tincture is thcu poured oil; strained and filtered.
D ru g power of tincture, fer •
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
JUGLANS CINEREA, Linn.
Synonym, Juglnns Catharticu.
Nat. Ord., ,Tuglandacc::c.
Common Names, lluttcrnut. Oil Nut. ,Vhite ,Vnlnut.
This is a well-known indigenous forest tree, often forty to fifty feet
high, with a thick hut short truuk. The young branches are s�noot.h
and of a grayish color. Leaves alternate, twelve to twcuty m_chcs
long, pinnate; lenflcls fifteen t.o seventeen in pairs, with one tcrmmnl,
laneeolatc, serrate, rounded at hnse, pointed, soft pubesc�nt bcncntl�.­
Barrcn flowers in long amcnts, fertile ones in short spikes. �r111t
drupnccous, with a spongy cpicarp, ,vithin which is nn oblong pomted
nut dnrk in eolor 1 rngous and irregularly furro\\·cd.
'ihc d ru g was first proven by Dr. J·. P. Paine, Inaugural Thesis,
Phila., 1852. .
Preparation.-Thc fresh, young, inner bark (cspeernlly of t.hc
)
root , collected in May or June, is chopped nncl pounded to a pulp nnd
weighed. Then two parts hy weight of alcohol arc taken, the pulp
mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the _r�t of the alcohol
added. After lrnvi11g stirred the whole well, pour 1t mto a well-stop­
pered bottle and let it stand eight days in a dnrk, cool place. The
tincture is then separated by decnntiug, straining aud filtcrmg.
Drug power of tincture, i.
pilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
JUGLANS REGIA, Linn.
Synonym, Nux Juglans..
Nat. Ord., Juglandacc::c .
2G4 IIOMIBOPATI-IIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Common Name, Common European "\Vrdnut.
This is n beautiful tree cultivntcd from Southern Europe to Ccntrnl
Germany, and has large, unequally pinnate, long-petiolatc leaves, with
smooth, entire, pctiolatc, sweet-scented leaflets.
The drug wns first proven by Dr. Clotu.r MUiler, Germany.
Preparation.-Iu .func nnd July, from the unripe, smooth, green
fruit, the hulls arc t:tkcn and, with au equal part of grccu leaves, arc
chopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then two parts by
weight of :-tlcohol arc taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth
part of it and the rest of the alcohol added. Aflcr stirring the whole
well, pour it into a well-stoppered bottle, and Jct it stand eight days in
a dark, cool place. The tiueturc is theu scparnted by decanting, straiu­
ing and filtcrin�.
Drug power of tincture, !.
Dilutions must be prepared �s directed under Class III.
JUNCUS EFFUSUS, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Juncaccrc.
Common Names, Bulrush. Common or Soft Rush.
This perennial rush, growing in marshy grounds in Europe, Asia nnd
America, rises from matted running rootstocks, to the height of from
two to four feet. The scape is soft and pliant; with short leafless or
rarely lcaf�bcaring sheaths at the base; leaves, if any, terete, knotlcss
and similar to the 8capc; inner sheaths awned; paniclc clilfuscly much­
branchcd, many-flowered; flowers n111nerous, small, greenish; sepals
lanccolatc, ,·cry acute, as long ns the trianguln.r-obovatc rctusc 111111
pnintle�s grccni:;h-hrown pod; anthers and filaments of equal length;
style very short; seeds smnll. Flowers in spring.
It wns proven h_y Dr. \Vahle, Germany.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root, gathered in spring, is chopped and
pouudcd to a pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol
arc tnkcn, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth pa.rt of it, and
the rest of the alcohol added. After stirriug tl1c whole well, pour it
into a wc]l-stoppcred bot.tic, and let it stand eight days, in a clark, cool
place. The tincture is thou separnted by decanting, straining and fil­
tering.
Drug power of tincture, A.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
JUNCUS PILOSUS.
Synonym, Luzuln. Pilosa, TVillcl.
Nat. Ord., ,Tuncacem.
Common Name, \Vood-Rush.
This is a perennial founcl growing usually in dry ground in shruly
places in Europe, Asin., Africa nnd North America. Its stem is slen­
der, cyme lax, branches few, reflexcd in fruit, flowers subsolitary, peri-.
auth-scgmcnts acuminate, shorter than the very brondly ovoid obtuse
HOMIBOP ATHW PHARMACEUTICS. 26G
capsule, crest of seeds long curved terminal. Root.qtock short, tuflcd;
stolons slender. Stems 111a11y, one-half to one foot high. Leaves about
half ns long as the stem, one-sixth to one-quarter inch broad, soft,
sparingly hairy. Cymc with capillary branches and pediclrs. Flow­
crR one-sixth tu onc-fif'th inch, chestnut-brown, rarely in pairs; hract­
lcts broad, short. Capsule very broad below, suddenly contracted to
n conical top above the middle. Flowers appear in April and May.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root, l?.itthcrcd in spring, is chopped nud
pounded to a pulp and weighed. Thou two parts by weight of alcohol
arc takru, the pulp mixed tl1oroughly with one-sixth pa.rt of it, nnd the
rest of the alcohol added. After stirring the whole well, pour it into
a well-stoppered hot.tic, and let it stand eight days in a dark, cool
pl:tcc. The tincture is thcu separatc<l by dccauting, strniniug nn<l fil­
tering.
Drug power of tincture, i.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS, J--inn.
Nat. Ord., Coniform.
Common Names, Common Juniper. Juniper.
J commnnis is an evergreen shrub found growing throughout
Europe and in the greater part of Asia. It is also distributed over the
northern portion of North America. In northern regions, such as
Norway and Sweden, it is a small tree, attaining a height of from
thirty to thirty-Rix foct, while throughout, Europe gcncrnlly, it docs
not rise above six foct. Jn high mountainous regions it becomes dc­
cumbent (J. nanci, "\Villcl), :11ul rises only a few inches ahovc I.he soil.
Its brnnch<'S arc n11mnrou�, pro�t.rntc, the shruh becoming oft.1•11 pyra­
midal in outline. Leaves in whorls of three, five to eight lines long,
acerosc-lauccolatc, hristly-pointrd, mid-vein channelled above, krclc1I
below. Ban-en flowers arc in smnll, axillary amenls; f<'rtilc ones,
on a different pl:tnt, arc small, sessile, axillary. The fruit is a gnlbulus
or pseudo-berry, orntc and green during its first year, ripening only
in nutumn of its second year. Jn the ripe slate it is spherical, from
three-tenths to four-l<'nths of an inch in dia111etcr, and is of a deep
purplish tint, covered with a bluish-grny bloom. The thin cpicarp en­
closes n loose, yellowish-brown sarcocarp, imbcddecl in which, nnd
lying closely together, arc three hard, trinngul:u seeds, whose top is
shnrp-edged, and whose surface is supplied each with several oil sacs.
In commerce, juniper berries arc about the size of a pea, nnd shriveled
more or less, marked with three furrows at the top and tubercled at
the base, from the persistent calyx.
Preparation.-The fresh, ripe berries, are pounclcd to a pulp and
weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, the pulp
mixed �horoughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol
added. After having stirred the whole well, pour it into n well-stop•
pered bottle, and let it stand eight days in a <lnrk, cool place The
tincture �s then sepnratecl by decanting, straining and filtering.
2GG HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Dl'llg power of tincture, L
J)ilutious must be prepared ns directed under Clnss III.
KALI ACETICUM.
Synonyms, Potassium Acetate. Acetas Kalicus. Kali Acctns
Potn1<sii Acctns.
Common Name, Acetate of Potash.
Formula, IC C 2 H 3 0 2 •
Molecular Weight, 98.
:1?reparat
. �on <;>f Aceta
_ �e of Potassium.-By neutralizing pure
ofhcmal acctw _ aml 1vitl) b1�arbonatc of potassium added gra<lually.
1�ftcr filtering, the , ,solut10n 1s to be evap?ruted cnrefully on 11, snnd­
b.ith to dry!1ess. lhc s�lt should be kept m a well-stoppered bottle.
�roperttes.- �ota8:'1um acetate is a snowy, glistening mass of crys­
�alhnc powder, wl11ch _ _ 1s neutral in reaction or only weakly alkaline;
it must not _ be acid_; 1t has a pungent saline taste. It is soluble in
less tlmn its own weight of water at medium temperatures, and in three
to four J�ar� of nlcoh�I. �eatcd _ to about 280 ° C. (536 ° F.) it melts,
an d_ at ::rno C. (710. F.) 1t 1s decomposed, with the production of
ac �t1c _acid :)nd potassmm carbonate. Officinal potassium acetate con­
t:um; from Jour to five per cent. of wnter.
Test�.-�n :uldition_ to the properties nlrcady mentioned, potassium
a�ctnte, 1!1 dilute �oluL1on, should undergo_ no chnngc when treated
111th bam1n1 cl !l,�rnlc and hydrogen sulpl11dc; with silver nitrate an
o ral?-�cc1it
_ turlmliLy, <luc to the presence of a trace of chloride, is ad­
n11 ��1blc. 111 t.hc qcrma.n Pharnmcopmin.
lhc first p�·ovrng was by Vogt, in Germany.
Prepa�at10n . for . H�mceopathic Use.-Onc part by weight of
acetate of potassium 1s dissolved in nine parts by weight of distilled
irater.
A�o�nt of drug power, ,¼-
Dtlut1ons must he prepared as directed under Class V-a.
KALI ARSENICOSUM.
Synonyms, Potassium Arsenite.
Formula, H K 2 As 0 8•
Take of arsenious a�id! one pnrt, of pure and dry carbonate of pot­
ash, one _pa�·t, and of d1st1llcd water, one part; boil in n, test-tube until
a clear hqt!1d !·estilts, then add about forty parts of distilled water, nnd
after the ltqu1d has cooled, add enough distilled water to bring the
whole to one hundred parts.
This solution will contain one part of kali nrsenicosum to one hun­
dre<l of water, and should be marked 2x.
Prepare further dilutions according to Class V.
KALI BICHROMICUM.
. Synonyms, Potassium Dichromate. Potassm Bichromas. Potassii
B1chrom:is.
TIOMCEOPATRIC PHARMACEUTICS. 267
Common Name, Bichromate of Potash.
Formula, K 2 Cr 2 0 7 .
Molecular Weight, 295.
Preparation.-Potnssium dichromate or anhydrochromnte, is pre­
pared by adding Lo the neutral yellow chromate of potassium in solu­
tion, a moderate quantity of one of the stronger acids. As a result,
one-hnlf' the hasc is absLrncLccl by the new acid, and the formula of
the salt nmy he expressed, K. 2 CrO 4 , CrO 3 . The salt is crystallized hy
slow evaporation in beautiful red, tabular crystals, derived from a t.ri­
clinic prism.
Properties.-Potassinm dichromatc is permanent in the air, red­
dens litmus paper and has a cooling, l,iucr and metallic tnstc. It is
soluble in ten parts of water nt 15 ° C. (59 ° F.), and more abundantly
in boiling water; it is insoluble in alcohol. At a little below a red
heat it melts to a transparent red liquicl, out of which, on slow cooling,
may be ohtainccl fine, large crystals, but they crumble to powder at a
lower tcmpcrat.urc. It is n, powerful oxidizer.
Tests.-Potassiu111 dichromate is readily obtainable in a state of
purity. Calcium might possibly be present, as it is used in the manu­
facture of the yellow chromate; if present, the addition of au alkaline
carbonate to a solution of the salt will cause a turbidity. A solution
of the dichromatc ncidulate<l with nitric acid, should show no change
when treated with barium chloride (absence of' sulphuric acid or sul­
phate).
The drug was first proved hy Dr. Drysdale, England.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Onc part hy weight of
bichromate of potassium is dissoh·ed in ninety-nine parts hy ,1·cie:ht of
disti I led water.
Amount of drug power, Th··
Dilutions must he prepared as directed under Class V-(1, except
that distillccl water is used for dilutions to the 4x and 2 inclusive.
Triturntions of bichromate of potassium arc prcpnred as directed
under Clnss VIL
KALI BROMATUM.
Synonyms, Potassium Bromide. Bromuretum Kalicum. Kalium
Bromatum. Potassii Bromidum.
Common Name, Bromide of Potassium.
Formula, K Br.
Molecular Weight, 119.
Preparation.-Potassium bromide may be produced by treating n
solution of bromide of iron with n, solution of potassium carbonate as
long as any precipitate occurs. The whole is to be thrown upon a.
filter and the precipitate wnshc(! with boiling distilled water, the wnsh­
ings added to the filtrate and the solution evaporated till crystalliza­
tion is completed. The crystals arc to he collccLed and dried on bibu­
lous paper and kept in a well-stoppered bottle. As prepared by the
above process, the bromide has a slight alkaline reaction, but by the
2G8 ITQ;\ICEOPATRIC PHARMACEUTICS.
German Phannacoprcia, the compound is required to behave indiffer•
cntly to hoth red fill(! blue litmus paper.
Properties.-Potnssium bromide is in tolerably large, white, glis­
tening, cubical cryst,nls, which are permanent in the air. They lmvc a
pungent, si.tlinc taste; their specific gravity is 2.4. They nrc soluble
in twc, parts of wat.cr at 0 ° C. (32 ° F.), in one and a half parts at 20 °
U. (G8 ° F.), in one of' boiling water and iu 180 purl.� of' !JO per cent.
alcohol. \Vhcn heated, the crystals clccrepitate, and at a low r('d h('nt
1�1elt without decomposition; at :i bright red heat they gradually sub­
lmic.
Properties.-A solution of potassium bromide, when !rented wit.h
dilute sul1?l111 ric , colo!·less, a reddish or rrddish-ycl­
_ :1cid, should rc111ain
lo_w �olor 11)d1cntmg the presence of b�·omme from decomposed bronmtc.
I! �•lver 111tratc be added to a solut10�1 of_ the salt, the resulting pre­
c1p1�i�c should be completc _ !y soluble m _ dilute ammonia or nearly so.
A famt opalescent tnrb1d1ty <lue to silver bromide is permissible.
Should 11; n!ilky tnrbi<lity
_ or a r?al p1:cci pitate occur, it may be due to
c�ccss of �ilvcr hro'.111dc or to silver 10d1de, or to both; by treating it
with caustic 1w1mu11m, all the silver bromide will be dissolved, and any
residue then is_ due to silver iodide. The presence. of iodide may
he also cletcn�rn1cd by adding to a solution of potassium bromide a
drop of ehlonne water, when, upon adding. starch solution, the well­
known blue r:olor of' the so-called iodide of starch will be perceived.
Prepar_at101; for �om �o�athic :t.Js�.-On? part by weight of
pure bromide of potassium 1s dissolved 111 mnety-mne parts by weight
of distilled water.
Amount of' drng power, rt rr ·
Dilut.ions must he prepared as directed under Class V-(3.
Triturnt,ions of 1 he pure bromide of potassium are prepared as di-
rected under Class VIL
KALI CARBONICUM.
Synonyms, Potn1Ssiurn Carbonate. Carbonas Kalicus.. Potassii
Cnrhonns. Ra! Tarlari.
Common Names, Carbonate of Potassium. Salt of Tn.rtnr.
Formula, K 2 U0 3 .
Molecular Weight, 138.
The officinal pure potassium carbonate is a dry, white, coarsely
granular mass, or a white crystalline powder· it is without o<lor has
an alkaline �aste �nd act.ion. It contains us�ally about 4 per �ent.
of _hygroscopic mo1st�re. When �xpo�ed_ to the �ir it deliquesces and
ult1mately forms a slightly yellowish liquid. It 1s soluble in its own
weight of water at medium temperatures, is insoluble in alcohol ahd
wheu treated with acids, evolves 002 , forming a salt with the' acid
used.
Hahnemann's Preparation of Carbonate of Potassium.­
Half an ounce of purified bitartrate of Potash, moisteucd with a few
tlrops of.water, is pressed into the form of a small ball, euclosed in paper
HOMCEOPA TIIIC PHA Ili\I AC.EUTICS. 269
�
and then <1ried. It is next brought grndnally to a red heat by being
placed between the glowiug coals of n good fire, then taken out n1_1d
laid in a porcelain dish, covere<l with liuen anrl exposed t.o the moist
nir of a cellar. Deliquescence ensues and if the exposure be con­
tinued for two weeks the last trace of calcareous earth will be
precipitated. A clear drop of this preparation is used for making
the first trit.11rntion according lo cla�s V lll.
Properties.-If Halrncman11's prcp:tr_ation. be made from_ pnro
pot.a?sium bitnrtru�e 110 !.ests for �he_ purity of the produ.!t '.''ill bo
reqmred. Potassium h1tartrntc 1s frequently adulte�·atcd _ w,t.h _ sul­
phntc and chloride of potassium, sulphate and chloncle of calcmm,
with lerrn nlbn, chalk, etc.
Tests.-A comprehensive ns well as an accurnte test is that of
the l3rit.ish Pharmacoproia. which directs that "one huodre�! and
eighty grains" of bitartrate of po�assiu�, heate� to red_uess till gas
ceases to he evolved, leave an alkalrne res1clne which requires for exact
neutralization, one thousand graiu-measure of the volumetric solu­
tion of oxalic acid.
Thi::; rlrng was first proven hy Hn.hncmann. .
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-One part by weight of
Hahnelllann's preparation of carbonate of potassium is triturated with
ninety-nine parts of sugar of milk as directed under class VIL
KALI CAUSTICUM.
Synonyms, Pot:18Si11m IIydrntc. Lapis Causticus. Potnssa Cnus-
tica. l'oln�sm (Potassii) Hydrns.
Common Name, Caustic Potash.
Formula, KHO.
Molecular Weight, !i6.
Preparation of Caustic Potassa.-Thc ofllcinal solution ol
pot. nssn is prepared hy adding to a solution of 15 troy ounecs of' po­
tnssium hi l'arbonalc, a mixture of 9 troy ounces of fresh hurnt lime in
4 pints of' distiller! water; each must he bnmght to the hoiling point
before u1ixi11g arnl then boiled for ten lllinutcs. The \\'hole is to be
strninc<l 1,hrough 11111slin and distilled water is added t.hrnugh the
strniner until t.hc strained liquid measures 7 pints. Of the solution of'
potash, any quantity mn.y be tnkcn and boiled clown rnpidly in n clean
silver or iron ,·cs�cl until a drop of the liqui<l, when removed on n
warm glass-rod, solidifies on cooling. lt is then to be 1w11rcd into
moulds, and while still warm placed in well-st.oppcrc<l bottles. Ofli­
cinal caustic potash is not pure, and contains a.pprceinblc propor­
tions of potassium sulphate, sodium hydrutc nnd alumina. To obtnin
the substance in the pure state, the oflicinnl prcparntion is to be dis­
solved in 2 volumes of water, the solution mixed ,,·ith 4 volumes of
alcohol, filtered and cva.pora.tccl rapidly to dryness in a silver vessel.
Properties.-Cnustic potnsh is in white, dry, cylindricnl pieces,
which break with a crystalline fracture. It is extremely deliquescent,
and ha� a strong affinity for carbonic oxide, with which it combines even
 270 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
in t.hci:;olid stntc; it is, of co u rse, rnsily soluble in wntrr, nnd unlike most
of the >ol_assiu111 co1111Hn11uls, is fre<:ly s,_ilul_,le in nlcohol. \Vhcn hrnt<•d
strong jy 1t melts to a c-olorlr.,5, oily ltqu1d, nnd nt n full rc<l heal it
rnlatilizcs in white vapors without change.
Tests.-As slated aho,·r, its solubility in nlcohol serves to distin•
�nish it from other potassium compounds, nnd when dissolved in :l
v1?lu111cs of-� 1�atcr and tl>cn_
_ m_ixcd with 4 volumes of alcohol, only a
slight prec1p1t:1tc or an ms1gllllica11t wa tery layer should sepnrntc out
(abscuce of other pot:u;siu m salts, sulphnte, chloride or carbonate).
·when t1·e:1led with ncid�, a solt!tion of caustic potash should �ive no,
or at most but very slight, eflervcscence, nnd when heated with su 1
phuric acid in excess, the sol u tion sho u ld not discharge the color of'-
indigo solution (ahsetH'e of nitrate).
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-One part by wcin-ht ol'
pure cau stic potassa is dissolved i11 nine parts by weight of di�tilled
wnter.
Amount of drug power, r1ir -
Dil u tions m u st he prepared as directed under Class V-a.
KALI CHLORICUM.
Synonyms, Potassium Chlorate. Potassm Chloras. Potnssii
Chlorns.
Common Name, Chlorate of Potash.
Formula,K Cl 0 3 •
Molecular Weight, 122.5.
Preparation of Chlorate of Potassium.-"Take of carbonate
nf po�a�h, twenty ou11cc.�; sla ked lime, fifl.y•t(iree ounces; distilled w:11er,
a �ufhc1eucy; bl:tck oxide of manganese, eighty
o u nces; hydrochloric
ncul, t�vcnty-four pint.�. Mi the lime with the ca.rhnnnte of pot.ash,
�
and tnturn.te the111 with :t few ounces of the water so as to make the
mixture slightly moi�t. Place the oxide of manganese in n. large re­
to_rt, 01: flas_k, and lmvmg poured 11pnn it the hydrochloric acid, dilu ted
1:1th s1� pmls of water, apply a gentle sand heat nnd conduct the chlo•
r111e as 1t cn111rs <?ver, first through a bottle containing six ounces of
water, :tnd then 111to a large carboy containing the mixture of ('arhon•
ate of potash mul i,laked lime. "'hen the whole
of the chlorine has
come over, re111ovc the content.c, of the carboy, and boil them fi1r
twenty minutes with seveu pints of the water; filter ancl evaporate till
a film forms on the surface, and set aside to cool
aud crystallize. The
<'l'_l'slnls thus nhtain('d arc t·o he purified hy dis.'lolving them' in th ree
Limrs their weight of boiling distilled water, and again allowing the
i;olution to cry8l:1lli1.0."-Br.P.
Properties.�Pure potnssiu111 chlorate forms neutral, perm:1n1•11t,
rolorlr!<s, rhrnnho1d:il crystalline plates, which pos!'C!'S a cooling saline
ln!<I<', arc �oluhk• in l(iJ p:i.rts of wnter nt 15 ° C. (!i!) ° F.) and in lrf;.'!
than two parts of' lrnili11g wntcr. The salt mrlts whrn heated helmv
a rrd hrat, mu! at :,, higher temperature parts with one-third of' its
oxygen, becoming couverted thereby into potassi u m chloride and per·
. trnted solution exhibits, upon treatment with hydrochloric acal, 110,
'l
H0�1CEOPATHIC PilARMACEUTICS. 271
·- chtornte, hnt with :t stronger hrnt, all its oxyge1� is driven off � nd the
�alt is clmngod into chlnrirle. \\'hen ruhhed 111 11. mortar with s1�h­
sl:111ccs that arc cusily uxidi1.1·d, 1·. g., iil!lphur, cnrhon, powrlered resm,
st:uch, sugar, tnnuin and metallic sulphides, it decomposes ,tith explo­
sive ,·iolence.
Tests.-P u re pot as.�ium chlorate, whe_n heate�l on platinu � foil to
rcduc.5s, yields n. residue which is ucutn�l 111 r�n.cltun; nn a_lkalme renc•
tion is due to the presence of' potnssm�1 _ n1trntc_. A c(ilu te w a t�ry
solution of the salt should give no prec1p1tatc w1t,h bnnu m chloride
(su lphate) or with silver nitrate (clilori_ �le).
The snlt wns proven under the d1r_ect10n of Dr. E. l\fortrn, G�rmany.
Preparation for Homceopath1c �se_.-On� pnrt hy weigh� of
pure chlorate of pot assium is dissolved Ill nmety•ume parts by \\'eight
of distillecl wntcr.
Amount or drng power, rltir·
Dilutions mu st he prepared as directed under Clnss V-P.
Triturations of pu re chlorate of potassium arc prepared ns directed
under Class VIL
KALI CYANATUM.
Synonyms, Potassiu m Cyanide. Kali Cyanuretu m. Knlium Oya•
natum. Potnssii Cyanidulll. Potassii Cyan u retum.
Common Na mes, Uyrrnide of' Potassium. Cynnuret of Potnss111m.
Formula, K Uy or K UN.
Molecular Weight, !i!i.
. . . .
Preparation of Cyanide of J:>otassmm,-:- An 111t1mate mixture
of eight p:i.rts of' nnh�·cl1:011s potnS.<\llllll fcrrocymll()e an'.l three p ar 1:3 of
potassium car)ion:tte 1s rnt rod u ccd by small port10n_s mto a cnsl-11__'.m
crnciblc prcv10 u sly hcnt? cl t<? low r? dness. Aft? 1 all the mnt?1 1al
hns hccn adclccl the cr11c1blc 1s kept 111 the fire till a �ample of . the
melted mass npprars white a1ul has.the aspect �f porcelnm on coolmg;
it is then taken out, left nt rest until the metallic iron pr?<l u ccd by the
decomposition hns Fettled dow1�, ll'hen the fuse<! ma.<;.: 1s poure1! o'.1t.
The mnss is to he broken up wl11le yet warm and the pieces transfoned
to !i well-stopprrcd hottle. . . .
Properties.-Potnssium <Jnnide cr�stal111.es from its wntery _ ,;olu­
tious in cubes or in fo rni s clenvC'd thcrelrom; they arc transpa1 cnt nnd
colorless, poF,-c�s n bit.tor ncrid t :istc and the �<lor, to some l'X tent,
of bitter nlmoncls. The salt is very fu�ihle, meltmg 11.� a dull reel hent
to a trnnsparent liquid which, on cooli1'.g, heco�u.es n ll'!11te, du11, op aq u �,
porcelain-like mn�s; nt a white IH·nt 1t_ Yolatd1ze� w1_ thout_ decompos_1-
tion. Its reaction is alkalim•. J'ot:1s.�1u111 cyanule is_ clcl1r1uc.�ccnt, 1s
easily soluble in water, di1,solvcs in <iilute nl?oh<�l, h11t Ill ahsolute nlc_o­
hol is almost insoluble. The aqueous solut10n 1s decomposed by boil­
ing, formal.c and carh:)llate of _ p11l�s�i11m being _produ ced, together
with nmmonia. Pot:1�s111111 <'y:inule I!' mtenf:ely poisono u s..
Test.-The s a lt is considrrccl f:uflieiently pure when _its r_oncen­
or at most only very slight, efforvescence.
 272 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
The first Jl!'ovings were hy Lembke, Germany.
Pn:par'.'1t10n for Homceopathi c Use.-The pure cyanide of
potasswm 1s prepared by trituration as directed under Cl ass VII.
KALIFERROCYANATUM.
.Synony_ms, Potns:iiullt Fcrr�cynnidc. Fcrrocyanmct of Pota!l­
s1um: K11l1um Bo rnss1cullt. Kaliu111 Ferrocyanatulll. Potassii Fcrro­
cyn111<lu111.
Common Names, Fenocyanide of Potassium. Y cllow Prussiatc
of Potash.
Formula, K 4 Fe Cy 0, 3H ., 0.
Molecular Weight, 422. -
. Preparati_ on.-l_''crrocyanidc of potassium is prepared commer­
cially by :td<!1ng :urnnnl mattc_rs �uch as horn, feathers, dried blood,
.
lc��!1cr cl!f'.Pl�'.g�, etc., mixed with lr�n filings, to fus�d cnrbonate of po­
� flSSIUlll, lix1vut_ m g tl ;� fused_ mnss with water, filtcnng, and erystnlliz-
111g by cv:\pomt1011. Ihe � nunal m�ttcr co�1tn.ins nitrogen 1uH.l cnrbou,
the l11;ttcr m larger proportion thnn 1s required to form cynnogcu with
the n,�rogcn; hence whcn these substances are fused with carbonate of
potns,:rnm, the _cxcC',:s of, cnrbou reduces potassium from the cnrbonatc
nnd.the pnt:1 ><�11111� thus s�t free unites with the cyanogen formed, pro'.
_ an aqueous or alcoholic solution of potassium hy�rntc with pure phos­
d�1c11�g cyanide of pota8:�1\111_1, �he latter being converted into fonocyn.­
n1dc III t.hc s�1bs�11ue11t lix1vmt1on. The product is afterward purified
by rrcr_rst:tlliznt1on.
Properti es.-l�urc potassium fcrr?cyn.nidc crystallizes with three
molccul�� of , water 11� truncated pymmuls, belonging to the di metric 01,
,
qun.drn.t1c system. Ihc crystals arc often reduced to the tnbular
form by the prc�lominan_ce of the lateral faces. They arc somewhat
soft, J?:-rman_cnt Ill the ��r, trn.nsp�rcnt, yell?w in color and possess a
_ nc taste.
sweetish snli
, Ihc salt dissolves with a pale yellow color in
four parts oJ cold and .111 two of boiling wnter; it is insoluble in alco­
hol. I�cn.t?d to 100 ° q. (212° F.) the salt parts with its water of
crystn!l1zat1011 a111l falls 111 n white powder; nt a red hcnt it melts, nnd
:tt a h1glrnr l?rnpe1:a,�ure dccon1pos ?''l into n. mixture of potn"sium cy:111-
1<lc and c::rb1dc of 1r?11· A solution of potassium forrocynnide gi Y cs
_ .
with so_lut101 1s llf fcrnc
_ salts n_ �lccp blue prccipit.1.tc of' l' rnRsian blue
1;11d :v1th forrous :alts a wh1t1sh yrecipitatc w_hich gradually hc­
colll�::, hluc upnn c�posure to the 1�1r; with cupnc sn.lts t.hc p1·ecipi­
tate _1s_a d:t�·k rc'.l�lish-hrown, but with cuprous salts the color of t.hc
P.rcc1p1t:tlc !� wl11t1,:h, becoming reddish-brown upon exposure to the
air. Alkalics do not precipitate the iron from the comhinntion iu
the �:ilt, h _ ut on hca_tiug the salt. with potassium carbonate potassium
cynnHle 1s formc<l w1t.h t.hc scparntiou of metallic iron.
otn. i 1111 forro�ta!1idc is usunlly found in _cm mcrcc I cautifully
. �: �� '. hut � Amount o:'I drug power, 'fir·
Cl). tn!lizcd, occ,1srn11ally there nrc prr.5c11t w1t.h ,t smn.11 crystals of
pota�1um carbo1111;tc colored yellow by some admixture of the fo rro­
cya111dc.. For testmg, thcrc'.ore, �he small crystals should be selected.
By trcatmg the crystals with chlutc sulphuric acid the absence of
HOMCEOPATHJC PHARMACEUTICS. 273
·- ·effervescence will show freedom from carbonate. A solution of tl1e
sn.lt in water acidified with hydrochloric acid should not give a white
precipitate with bari y.,m chloride (absence �f sulphate)-
In order to detect the presence of chlomlc n. portion of the fc:ro­
cyanidc should be decomposed by fusion with potassium or ammomt,1111
nitrate· the residue is to be dissolved in distilled water, acidified with
nitric �cid and treated with silver nitrate in the usual way, whcu, if
3hloridc be present, n. white curdy precipitate will appear.
The first proviugs were made under the direction of Dr. J. B. Bell,
United States.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The pure fcrrocyani<le
of potassium is prepared by trituration, as directed under Clnss VII.
KALIHYPOPHOSPHOROSUM.
Synonyms, Potassium Hypophosphite. Hypophosphis Kalicus.
Potassii Hypophosphis. Hypophosphis Potnssicus.
Common Name, Ilypophosphitc of Potash.
Formula, K ll 2 1' 0 2 .
Molecular Weight, 104. . ..
Preparation of Hypophosphite of Potass1um._-By boiling
phorus as loug as phosphorcttcd hydrogen contmucs to csca1�c,.the?
decanting the solution from the undissolved phosphorus nnd mix 111g it
with acid potnssi11m cnrhonatc in order to convert the rcmnining potas­
sium hyd rate into carhonatc. The solution is thC'n .to be _ cvnporntc<l
and the residue treated with hot strong alcohol winch dissolves the
hypophosphitc and leaves the carbonate. The solution is to be filtered
while! hot and set nside to crystallize. . .
Properties and Tests.-Hypophosph1te of pot�ssmro usually
forms an opaque, indistinctly cryst:tllin� mass, sometuncs, l1owcvcr,
exhibiting six-sided plates. It is very dchqucscent, �ore so even thnn
calcium chloride, is readily soluble in water nnd dilute nlcohol, less
soluble in absolute alcohol and insoluhlc in ether. It may be heated
to 100° C. (212° F.) without undergoing any change, but nt a red
hent out of contact with air it gives off phospl�oretted _ hydrogen.
This, like other hypophosphitcs, acts as n powerful_ rcdut:mg agent.
With silver nitrn.tc it forms a white precip1tat� which qu!ckly tu:·ns
brown and is converted into metallic silver; with mercunc chlonc)c
it acts similarly, the black precipitate being in this case metallic
mercury. •
Preparation for Homreopathi c Use.-_()nc _ pnrt by weigh� of
pure hypopli.ptphitc of potassium is dissolvcrl m mnc parts by weight
of distilled,w( �er.
Dilutions must be prepare<! as directed untie� Class V-a.
Triturntions of pure hypophosphite of potassium are prepared as di-
rected under Class VII, but owing to the deliqucscence of the salt, the
lx will not keep.
27(1 ROM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
in other parts of the world. In South Amcric::i. and in some district.�
111' l ncli:i, Amhin, l'ersia,·Sp1tin nttcl Hungary, nit.ml,('S arc found
wi,lcly disseminated through the s?il, �\It never at_ lt dcptl! ll? wcr _tl11!11
cau be easily penetrated by the air. Ihc formation of nitric actd 111
these locidities is in nil probability dependent on the oxidation of nm­
monia, for the production of saltpetre is always found to take plac_c
most nbundantly \\'here there is 11, large quantity of vegetable or n111-
nml matter i 11 a state of putrefaction, or where the nir coutaius a con­
i;idernble amount of ammonia resulting from such decomposition. The
luxuriant vegetation of the tropics supplies by its decay n never fail­
ing source of 1u 11 111ouia, and the high tcmpcrnturc and nwiRturc of the
air facilitate its oxidation, so that in the tropics the amount of nntu­
rally produced Raltpctrc is vnstly in excess of that formed in EuropP,.
An i rnlispensahlc courlition for the formation of nitrntes in large quru ,.
tity, is the presence of alkaline-or earthy bases to !ix the nitric ncicl ·.1s
sr,011 as formed. Nitrate of cnlcium is formed artificially in �eve11tl
countries in Europe, by mixing decomposing vegetable and animnl
matters with cinders, chalk, marl, etc., moistening the mass repeatedly
with urine, exposing it freely to the air for two or three years, and
then Jixiviat.ing. Nitrates are found in the juices of plants! particn-
1:trly those with fleshy, tuberous roots, and arc probably acquired from
the soil by <lircct irnbibition. The commercially pure salt has to h�
further p1irificd before it is used in pharmacy, but this is done by tl,c
111a11ufhcturing chemist.
Properties.-Chcrnicn,lly pure potassium nitrate forms either_ 11,
dry, snow-white, crystalline mass, or colorless, permanent, large Sll(­
sidcd, striated, rhombic prisms. They dissolve i1� fonr_ part.'l of ,�a.tc-r
at medium temperatures, in less than half their weight of boil111g
w1tter, anrl arc insoluble in alcohol. The solutions are ncutrnl in Tcac­
tion. The crystals contain longitudinal cavities tilled with the mother
liquor, so that when triturated a damp powder is produced, _but
tl11:ough the spontancou� and sl_ow evap�1;ation of a saturated ?olut�on,
sol H I crystals arc readily obt1unable. Ihc taste of the salt 1s �1d1 11c,
cooling and slightly bitter. The salt melts below a red heat without
decomposition to 11, colorlcss liquid, and on cooling solidifies to a white,
opaque, radiate-crystalline mass. At a higher temperature it is �lc­
cornposcd with the evolution of oxygen and nitrogen, and the formattou
of' nit.rite of potassium. 'Nhcn thrown upon glowing coal, it deflng­
rntcs and leaves a residue which is alkaline in reaction.
Tests.-A portion of the salt dissolved in 50 times its volume of
distilled water should give no turbidity with silver nitrate (11,hsence_of
chloride), nor with barium chloride (absence of sulphate), nor with
sllrlium carbonate (absence of earthy metals), nor with hydrogen sul­
·,hidc (absence of heavy metn,ls); its solution treated with ammonium
l 1 ydrnte and cn,rbonatc and then with sodium phosphate, will give 11,
white prccipitnte of ammonio:magnesium phosphnte if _mag�esium he
1�rescn�. The pr ?scnce of sodmm may he �let�� tcd hy d1ssolvmg a por­
t11m of the salt 111 aqueous alcohol and 1gn1t111g the latter, a yellow­
colorefl flame indicating the presence of sodium.
HOi\ICEOPA TllIC PHAIU[ACEUTICS. 277
The first provings were made under ,Jorg, in Germany.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Onc part hy weight of
pure nitrate ol' potassium is Jissolvc<l i11 1 1 iue parts liy ,might of dis­
tilled water.
Amount of chug power, 1\r·
Dilutions must he prepared as directed under Class V-a.
Triturations of pure nitrate of potassium are prepared as directed
uuder Cl::iss VII.
KALI PERMANGANICUM.
Synonyms, Pota!3Siu1 1 1 Permanganate. Kali Hypcrmaugnnicum
Crystallizatum. l'olas�::c Pcrmanganas. Potassii Pcrmauganas.
Common Name, Pcrmnugauatc of Potash.
Formula, K 2 il'In 2 0 8 .
Molecular Weight, 31G.
Preparation of Permanganate of Potassium.-" Take of caus­
tic potash, five ounces; black oxide of manganese in fine powder, four
ounces; chlorate of potash, three and a half ounces; diluted sulphuric
acid, a suflicicncy; distilled water, t\\·o and a half pints. Reduce the
chlorate of pot:ish to fine poll'der, and mix it ll'ith the oxide of man­
ganese; put the mixture int.o a porcelain basin, and ndd to it the cnus­
tic potash, prc,·iously clis�olved iu four ounces of water. Evnporntc to
dryness on a R:111d-bath, stirring diligently to prevent spurting. Pul­
verize the ma�s, put it into a covered lJc!'sian or Corni�h crucible, nnd
expose it to n duII red heat for an hour, or till it has as!'umed the con­
dition of a smn.i-fosed mass. Let it cool, pulverize it, and boil with 11,
pint nnd a half of the water. Let the insoluble matter !<uLside, decant
the fluid, boil again ,Yith half a pint of the water, ngnin decant, 11cu­
trnlize the united liquors accurately with the diluted sulphuric neid,
nnd evaporate till a pclliclc forms. Set aside to cool and crystnlli7.e.
Drain the crystalline mass, boil it in six ounces of the \\·atcr all(\ strain
through a funnel, the throat of which is lightly ohstruct.erl by 11, little
asbestos. Let the fluid cool and crystallize, drain the crp,tnls, nnd
dry them by placing them under a bell-jar over 11, vessel contaiuing
sulphuric ncid."-Br. P.
Properties.-Potassium permanganate is in tolerably pcrmnncnt.,
' neutral, very dark purple, prismatic crystals having a metallic lustre;
they arc without odor, po!<!\l'!'S. :t sweetish astringent tnste, nnd arc
soluble in 16 parts of cold, and in 2 of boiling ,rntcr. The solutions
arc of a deep purple color, nncl even when 1p1ite dilute, show a decided
purple tint, nnd when brought in cont.net with oxidizahle matters,
whether organic or inorganic, the color rapidly disappears from loss
of oxygen anrl conRcrp1cnt formation of manganic hydrate; mineral
acids dischargt the color ll'ith the formation of mangano11s salts.
Test.-Five grains di!'solvcd in water require, for complete decolora­
tion, a solution of 44 grnins of granulated forrous sulphate, acidulnted
with 2 fluid drachms of dilute sulphuric ncicl.
The first provings were by Dr. H. C. Allen, U. S.
278 llOMffiOl'ATfllC l'HAHMACEUTlCS. TIOMCEOPA'l'HW PHARMACEUTICS. 279
� P �o er_ties.-P�>tns:5ium SL!lphatc crystallizes in
Preparation for Hoinceopathic Use.-On c p:ut 1,y weight of' � short,
colo1 lc1<s, fou1 _ and s1x-s1clcd pns111s, :rnd b ' slow Cr ·st•ill pcrmn· n cut '
pure pcr111:rngn11:1Le of potassium is <lissulvc<l in ninety-nine parls hy hrge . qu.1n • t't I Y uf' _1•1 s su I 11t1on
) ) • • t'zati'on 1rom a
• _111
• double six-sided pyram
weight of distilled wntcr. bi � 111 10 parts of cold, an� 111 3 o_f boilin g water, a ids. It is solu-
Amount ol' drug power, rfru·
Dilutio11: must be prepared as directed un <lcr Class V-�, cxcc·pl
!ft''"'I. n d is insoluble in
1 t has a s�rnrp, hitter, !'almc taste; its specific gravity ' is 2 ·66·
1 c cT_r�lals dcc rcp1_tatc's.tron gly_ when
thnt they must be freshly prepared as required. heated.
ests.
Owing to its dccu1111>0sitio11 with orgnuic matter, pcrman gan n lc of . : 1r.nt �A s olut,1on of pota5:51un1 sulphate should be unaflcctcd b,
t1r.1t11 111U1 hydrogen sulph1dc or :unnionium s ulphide (nh�cn
putassiun1 slwulu n ot be prepared by trituratiou. h;avy ! 11Clals )! by pot11tsiun1 c:i rbon atc (nb.-c1 1cc of ce 0}
carths), Ly � 111timo­
n.1tc of pulai<_:�1u11 1 (sod111n1), and hy silver n itrate (ch
loride).
KALI PHOSPHORICUM. Preparation for Hom. ceopa . th·lC Use.-'I'I IC pure f'ulphatc of
Synonyms, Potnsr,ium Phosphate. Potnssii Phosph ns. pola,s � .·111111 1s
. prepared by tnturat1ou,
as tlircctcd uu<lcr Class V ll.
Common Name, Phosphate of Potnsh.
Formula, K 2 HP 0 4• KALMIA.
Molecular Weight, 174. Synonym, Kalmia Latifolia, IAnn.
Preparati on of Phosphate of Potassium.-This i::alt is pro­ Nat. Ord., Erienecre.
cl1 1ccd hy mixing aqueous phosphori? acid with _ a s �ffici?nt 'luantity_ of'
pot:1ssiu111 hydrate or carbonate until the reaction 1s slightly alkalin e, �o_m_mon Names, Laurel. l\fo11nt nin Lnurcl.
.J h� s •� an �vcrg rc<•11 f'hl'llb fin111d grnwin g 011 l'ocky
and cva pnrating. sot!, lr0 ! 11 i\�ame t Ohio nn d Kentucky, four to eight hills an cl cl nm)
Properti es.-Thc salt crystallizes with difficulty in irregular filJ'l11S
(Bcrzclius). It is . generally ohtai�cd as a whi�e _amorpho�s ma!'s, i · ; ◊t i
n . n ta1 1 front ��cnn sylvania southwnrd, it ofte
;
feet high• in th�
n gruws to ti t� height

��1.n 11
t ' 20 feet. _L�av<•1< m0stly alternate, hright
very deliquescen t, 1s freely soluble III w ater, and 1s insoluble III nlcuhul.
0 �01
ov� ?- ;1ant·eu\ ate or clltpt1cnl, t:1peri11g lo each end, grrrn both i:;id<•Q
By i"nitiun it is converter! into pyrophosphate.
T�sts.-\Vhcn prepared ns directed above, it is n ot likely to ho ;; 1
nl, ' 1111 Y llow<'!'rd, cl11mmy-p11hr�
_ :.
pctiolcd; cor ·111I;�
ccnt; pod clcprrsscd, glnn,fidar.
co11tami1 1ntcd. .For iden tification, it may be dissolved in w ater an ti
then treated with silver n itrate solution , when a yellow precipitate will
11 c u,icis _ nppcnr 111 i\lay nn d Ju11c, nrc prnfh�c lnrgc
6l1 1·.r varymg m color from deep rose
to nearly white.
t 11ns firs� ))l'OVC? hy Dr. Ilucl1ner, iu Gcrmnuy.
'.
anti very

be thrown down , showin � the _ presen�c of orthophospboi:ic_ acid_. an �! Preparatwn,-T11c fresh leaves, collected when floweri
when treated with tartaric a.cul, a wlute crystallme prcc1p1tate 1s evi­ c:o per and oun rled to a pul ) nnd_ weighed. Then two parts ug nrc
dence of' the Jlrcscncc of potassium. �
o ?- co 1 0J 1 �e taken, the pu lP m1xccl thoroughly with oi by w�ight
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Phosphatc of potnssiun, y
0f 1 t , nn l 1e rcs_t _of the alcohol acldcd.
1 e-sixth part
is prepared by triturntiou, as directed under Class VII. Af't.cr havin g sti rred the
dl 10l� well, pour it mto a 11·cll-stoppercd bottle, nnd let it staud eight
. nys 1� � ?a r k, coo) pl�cc. The tincture is then separated by decnnt­
KALI SULPHURICUM. lllg, strnmmg nncl filtcrmg.
Drug powe1· of tin cture !.
Synonyms, Potassium Sulphate. Kali Sulphns. Potassm Sulphns. Dilutions must be prcp�red ns directed under Class III.
Potassii Sulphns.
Common Name, Sulphate of Potash.
Formula, K 2 S 0 4 • KAMALA.
Molecular Weight, 174. Synonyms, l\follotns Philippinensis, Mflll. Rottlern.
Preparation of Sulphate of Potassium.-This salt occurs Roxburgli. Craton Coccincus. Tinctorin,
nntivc in delicate n ccdlc-shape<l crystals, 01· as n crust on mnn y of the ' Nat. Ord., Euphorbiacere.
Vcsu\'ian lavas, aud is designated min cralogically ns Glaserite, Arca!i• Co_m_mon Name, Kamccln.
ile, .A 7Jhlhalo.se or Yesuvian salt. It_ is obtained ns . 1� by-r1:o�uct !n
�c,·l'rnl manufacturin g processes, ns III the prcparnt10n of 1�1tne ac11l . This is a large shrnh ?r small_ tree from 20 to 45 feet in height, grow­
g
;n l1rou h_out tl!c Ind mu pc11111sulas, iu mnny of the Enst Jndin. Is­
l'rn111 nitrate of potassium, the aci\1 sulphate usunlly obtn111c<l as a
rel'idue of this oper ation being converted into n eutrnl sulphate by ad­ ll 3
a s, nn m Chma nud Australia. 'The fniit is a
. roundish three-
dition of polal'sium carbon ate. It likc�visc cryst1�llizcs out _ from thr, h . �cl caps�lc, n.�out the size of a cherry, and is covered with stellatc
e
ans, _ t?get 1Cr with sma)l glands. The benics nre collecte
mnt.jicr-liquors of sea-water an d salt springs, an d from the lu1uors ob· quantities and thrown mto large baskets, in which d in large
tai1,1 c<l by lixiviating kelp and varcc. they arc ro l led
 280 HOl\fCEOPATRIC l'HARM ACEUTICS.
about so as to clivest. them of the glands 11.nd hairs. The pow1IC'r so ob­
laincd forms the ka111:tla of commerce, nnd is light, finely grn11ular nnd
very mobile! consisti!1g of crimson grn_nnlcs, whose bright color i!< dullc_d
by the mln11xturc _of grny s�cllnlc l!n1rs nnd fr'.lgmcnls of lc:1-ves. It 1s
without, odor 1 hut 1Ls nlcohohc solut.wn poured 1uto wntc·r c1111ls a melon­
like odor; it is almost without tnstc, but it feels gril.Ly hctw�cn the t.ccth.
_ numerous species of l!,'ncalypt11s. It is believed that the better vnrietics
It yiclcls to alcohol, ether, chlorofo1: 111 or hcmol a splendid reel res111;
f'rnm n. conccntralc1l ethereal solut10n allowed to stand a few dn.ys,
minute, pln.t.y, yellow crystals, of n sn.ti�lY lustre, can be i�olal�d; when
decomposed with caustic pot.ash, they y1el�I paraoxybc_nzo1� nc1d.
Preparation.-The lmmcela powder 1s _covcre,_I with fwc parts hy
weight of' alcohol, :11111 luivin� po'.1red the m_ixturc 111lo a wcll-stoppe�·ed
bot.tic, it, is n !lowed to rcmam eight days_ m a _ dark, cool pince, hcmg
shnkcn twice n day. JI, is then poured oil, stramcd nnd filtered.
Drug power of tincture, r1-u·
Dilutions must he prepare<! as directed under Class TV.
Triturntions rirc prepared as directed under Class VII.
KAOLINUM.
Synonyms, Kaolin. Aluminn Silicatn.
Common Names, Porcelain or China Clay.
This is a mixture of aluminous nncl silicious earth, or more properly 1s
,,. decomposed folspar, Al K Si 3 0 8 , fouud in nat ur
_ � in _ l a)'.ers �llini; hol­
lows between granite and other rocks, ancl <l1st1!1g11rnlt111g 1L:clf fr�m
other n.l11111ino11s cnrths hy its bciug free from !ro11, aud qu1�e white
or only palc-colorc,1. The most _exccllen� occurs m the mount.n1�s ncnr
.l\Iisni:\ in Saxony, near Passau m Bavana, and near Karlsbad m Bo­
hcmin.
Preparation.-Kaolin, first reduced to powder hy pouncling, _ is
carefully washed with distilled wn.tcr, and then triturated, as directed
unrlcr 0lnss VII.
KINO.
Synonyms, But.ea Frondosn, Roxb. Erythrinn. Monospermn.
Ptcrocarpus Marsupium, De Candolle. Eucalyptus Rostratn, &hlect,
(Nat. Ord., 1\lyrlacc.ec.)
Nat. Ord., T.,c�11minosro.
Common Names, J3ujn. Dhnk Tree. Anstrnlinn Reel Gum.
Plerocarpus .Mnrsupiimt is a hnnclsome tree, 40 to 80 feet high, grow-
ing in Central an<l Southern In11ht, :rnd in Ceylon.
. tany·in which the woody portion iH very flmall.
Bnl.en Jrondosa or Dhnk tree, grows in India nnd Burmnh, nnd Is
conspicuous for i� large ?range, yapilionn�cous flowers.
, .
Plcrocarpu.q ennaceus 1s a native of tropical Western Afncn.
The kino, originally usccl iu medicine in the Inst century, ca1'.1e from
the river Gambi1t iu West Africn, and was the product of P. ennaceus.
At the hecrinning of the present century, Enst Indian kino, from the
Malnlmr ioast, whose bot.anica.l origin is P. l\farsupinm, rcplnced the
Afric:Ul drug, as the latter no longer appen.rll? iu commerce. Th,c
JlOMCEOPATIIIC PHARMACEUTICS. 281
J3utea k!!!'.l is used in India in pince of the l\Ialabnr or East hdian
ldno. The true Enst Jnilinn kino is ,·cry scnrcc, the whole nmo111tcol­
lcctcd probnbly not exceeding a ton or two per auuum. For :50mc
years the drug market has been lnrgely supplied with consithrnble
quantities of kino obtnincd from Australia; this is the prochct of'
of Eucalyptus kino, such ns that from E. rostrata, possess the 11 roper­
tics of Pterocarpus kino.
The provi_ngs were made with kino from E. rostrntn.
Properties.-Kino is the juice which exudes from inc1s1on; mnde
in the trec, and clriccl without nrtificinl heat. As it oozes out it hns
the nppearnnce of" red cunnnt. jelly, hul. hardens iu 1i few hours' expos­
me Lo the air. l\J:dahar or Enst. l11dia kino is in <lark bla<"kish-red,
angular f'rngmt•nls, rarely larger tlrnn a pea, 1111d whl'n i11 thin SPctions
is irnnspnrrnt and of a hright garnet hue. The fragments sink in
wntcr nnd upon ngilntion partinlly dissoh·c; they nrc complctdy solu­
ble in alcohol. Kino is without oclor nucl hns n11 extremely nstriugcnt
nnd sweetish tai::te.
It w:ls pro,·1:n by Dr. Hlundcll, Jf11nlh. J{o�11. Rev., 7, 1!)9.
Prcparation.-The i11spii::sntcd juice, obtained from incisions made
in the trunk, is powdered, covered with five pnrls by weight ofnlcohol,
aucl allowed to remain eight days in a we! I-stoppered bottle, in it dark,
cool place, being shaken twice a day. The tincture is then poured
ofl; strnincd and filtered.
Drug power of"ti nclurC', 11rr -
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss IV.
KRAMERIA.
Synonym, Krnmcria Trinndrn, R11iz et Pavon.
Nat. Ord., Polyg:d:tt·c:-c.
Common Names, l\Iapnto. Pumncuch11. Rntanhia. Rhatany.
The rhatany plant is n small, woody shrub with nn upright_ stem
nbout a foot in height, growing in Bolivin nnd Peru nt _ nn clcvnt.1or� of
from 3000 to 8000 feet nbovc the i::en level. The root 1s dark recld1sh­
brow11 nncl conl<iflls of a short, thiek crown, sometimes ns lnrge ns a
man's fist, nm! knotted. The root throws out nn nbundnncc of' hranch­
ing woody rootlets, onc-qnnrtcr to onc-hnlf' inch thick and several feet
long. The woody portion of the root is brownish-yellow and dense;
the vnlunblc <Jllaliti<•s of the drug arc contained i11 the hnrk of the
root, nnd hence the superior vnlue of' the long rootlets or "long" rha-
It was introduce<l into the Homreopathic l\fnt.cria Mcd1ca by Hart­
laub and Trinks, Germany.
Preparation .-Thc drier! root, coarsely powclcrc<l, i� covered ,�·ith
five parts by weight of alcohol, and allowed to rcmnin eight days 111 n
well-stoppered bottle, iu n. dark, cool place, being shnkcn twice a day.
The tincture is then pourerl off, sl.rnincd nnd filtered.
Drug power of tiuct11rc, -fir ·
Dilutions must be pi·cpared as directed under Class IV.
 • 263
282 HOMCEOPA.1'HIC PHARMACEU'l'H.:S. HOMCEOPATHJC PHARMACEUTICS.

KREOSOTUM. fixed oils. It is a very stable suhslnncc; �t is n�t _nltCJ_-cd by light;

Synonym, Creosotum. acids and allrnlics have uo influence upon 1t, and it 1s sa1 ? that po�as­
siuin pcrn 1 :rnganate is not rccluc,icl h_y it., while wi�l) chlorine, brommc
Common Names, <...:rcasote. Kreosote.
and iodine it unites without 11ndcrgo111g dccOI?pns1t1on_. . . .·
Origin and· Preparation.-Thc substance found in commerce Tests.-The lia.hility of krcosotc Lo conta111 ca!·bohc acul a: a _fal�1-
under the unme of kreosote is often merely hydrate of phenyl, more 01 ficalion, will call for special tests for prcsc!1<:c o� the laL � cr. L 11 1\lld
less impure, but the true kreosote cxlrnctcd by Reichenbach fro11 1 ouc a1 _t of
�a.rblllic acid is soluble in three volu 111 cs of a 1111xtu1 :c of l!
wood-tar is a perfectly distinct body. In the dry distillation of wood watl'r with three of glycerine; 'kreo�olc is a�111nsl 1 11soluhlc 111 tl1c _
a La.r is left, and when it i� in its Lnrn distilled the residue acquire s t.hc
same. J 11 ten vol11111cs uf�t.rong liquor amn10111a krcos'.,tc �l'ar<:cly dis­
consistence of a. pitchy mass, ancl the lil1uid containc<l in the receiver is
solves; hy hc:itiug to the boiling point a partial solulwn ta'.,l:� pine�,
found Ln consist ol' scvcrnl distinct layers, the lowest of which co!1tai11,; and 011 ('l)f)ling, Lhc krcusolc scparnles at Lhc holt.o m of Lhc ,e...cl �� ,l
the kreosotc. The latter layer is saturntc<l with sodium carbonat e, ld't
yellow or hro11· 1 �ish laycr, _ and i_ f t.hc ,:·hole he allowc<_I lll �'.:11Hl_. f oi �
at re;;t a.nd a.Iler sn111c ti111c a. yellowish oil rises to the surfilcc. The
day the llllllllOlll(lCal solulwn will be found to he CIJl,ncd )CIIII\IISh ()I
,,ii is dcc:u1t,cd, rectified in a glass retort, the lighter portion of the ycil;,wish-h ru w11. Ua.rholic ncid on the other hand, d1s�olve_s nl once
di�tillate rcjcclcrl and the heavier portion cullcctcd and treated with
in the l':IUStic :un11 1 01 1ia, and when boiled and placed aside for a dny,
potash solution of specifie grn.vity 1.12. The krcosotc dissolves i u the the li,p1id bcco111cs blue or viulct-bl11c in color. "'hen Len drops of
alkaline liquid and the hydrocarbons, including Enpion (vide infrn), krcosolc arc thoroughly shaken with ten CU. of water, nm) then a drop
with which it is mixed, remain undiss olved. After decanting aud boil­ 0(' f'crric chloride solution added, a yellowish or greenish .
or green
ing, t, hc potash solution is treated with sulphuric acid to set free the occurs, which changes aft.er some irnc tu grccn1sh-h rown
kreosote, but the latter is further purified by successive distilln.tions turbidity � .
or b ro wnish. Under similar cnrnlitio11s carbolic nc1d produces a clen�
with nlkaline wnter, re-solution in potash and re-separation by sul- blue fluid and the color is permanent. \Vhen equal volume� c_,f
phuric acid. kreosotc and eollodiou arc mixed together, Lherc rcsul�s a clear Yiscid
Eupiou. a.5 shown above, is obtained from wood-tar, and is procured mass. With carbolic acid the cullo<lion gclaLinize�, will not flo,�·, and
in greater proportion from coal-tar, from rectified bone-oil nad from the is more or less turbid. A specimen of kreosotc 1s l? be cons1 Cle1:cd
oil obtained hy the dry distillation of hemp-seed anrl rape-seed. Tu adultcrntcd when it docs not sink upon being dropped mto wntcr (w_ith
prepare cupiun from rectified bone-oil the latter is mixed with quarter cnulious shakin�), or if it doc? uul evidence its -�ransparcncy 11·hen� l�-m�
at the bottom ot the water, or 1 f, when treated 111th t en volumes of �! 1 on,,
its weight of sulphuric acid; the lighter and clearer liquid which rises
to the surface is taken off and distilled with an equal weight of sul­
phuric acid and a small quantity of nitre; the distillate is again dis­ solution of' ammonia nod shaken, it d\ssolves_ completely or suflcrs }
tilled with sulphuric acid, then wnshed with aqueous potash and with di 111 inution of its volume; or when mixed ,nth an cqun( volume �
water, rectified, dried under the air-pump and treated with potassium collodion the latter gelntinizcs. K.rcosote adulterated with carbolic
as long as the metal shows signs of oxidation. acid dors nol fail to gclalioizc collodio�. .
Properties of Kreosote.-It is a colorless or faintly yellow, The fir!it provings were by Dr. Syr1:>1us, m Germany.
�Lrougly refracting liquid. Its specific gravity is 1.071, ns required hy Eupion was proven by Dr. l3crtold1 , Italy. .
the British Phannacopmin, or l.0-l6 by United States Phnrmacopcci:l. Preparation for Homceopathic Use._ -Onc_p nrt hy weigh� o f
pure bccchwoo<l-t.nr krcosotc is dissolved in nmcty-nmc pnrls by weight
Its specific gravity varies between 1.040 and 1.090, and its boiling
point from 200 ° to 210° C. (392-410° F.). Its odor is rlisagrccahlc, of alcohol.
smoky and pcnctrnting and its taste is burning and caustic; it is solu­ A 11101111t of <lrug power, r! .r • ,
ble in eighty parts of cold an<l in twenty-four of hot water, and in nil Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss VI-/1.
proportions in alcohol, ether, carbon disulphide and acetic 11.cid. \Vhen
ignited it burns with a white but very sooty flame. It precipitates LACERTA AGILIS, L.
gum and albumcu from their solutions, but forms a clear mixture with Synonym, Laccrtn Stirpium.
collodion. When kept for some time it gradually becomes brownish Class, Reptilia.
in color. Order, Snuria.
Eupion is a colorless, transparent, extremely mobile liquid, having Family, Laccrt.inn.
a low refractive power ou light; it is tasteless, but has an oclor Common Name Green European Lizard. .
like that of flowers. Its specific gravity· is 0.G5 at 20 ° C. (68 ° F.); it The green lizard 'is fr�qucntly met wilh
_ in �outher� _Eu'.:op e,_ Ill
is very volittilc, evnpornting perceptibly at common temperatures. some parts of Africa and m Sweden. It 1s not pmsonm�s , it ,,ill lnle,
Eupion is insoluble in water, dissolves spnringly in aqueous alcohol, but the wnunrls nre not dangrrous. It 11·ns rcput<'d of old to be nu
but mixes readily with absolute alcohol, ether and the volatile and ·
284 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
antidote against nll poisons, nud is yet used occasionnlly ns n populnr
rcnicdy.
There seems L� be some doubt as to the proper preparntion; while
some prepare a t111cture from the fresh pounded I iznrd, others recon1-
111encl a triturntion from the dried ani111al.
Preparation.-The entire dried ani111al is prepared by triturntion,
as directed under Class VIL
LACHESIS.
Synonym, L:il·ht•Si!-1 l\f u Lus. C.:rot:d w; J\I utus.
Class, 1:,•ptilia.
Order, 01il1irli:1.
Family, l'rnt:1.lid:1·.
Common Name, SurukukeorChurukuku. Deadly b ushmaster.
The lachcsis or bushmaster inhnbits the hot countries of South
Amcriea; it aLtaius a-·lengtfi of upwards of seven feet, nnd its poison­
fani,rs arc nr:trly one inch long; the skin is reddish-brown, marked
along the back with large rhomboidal spots of a blackish-brown
color, each of' which encloses two spots of' the color of the body. The
poison resembles saliva, is less viscous, limpid, inodorous, without any
marked taste, in color somewhat greenish; at the extremity of the fang,
it easily forms into drops, and falls without threading; exposed to the
air, it soon couccntrntes into a dry, yellow rnnss, which for an iuclcfinite
time preserves its poisonous qualities. This poison introduced into a
wound, or injected into a vein, produces the most dreadful symptoms,
and gencrnlly, death. The virus of this serpent has been more cnrc­
full )'. pr _over( than �hat of any otlicr. The specimen used by Dr.
_ Drng power of' tiucturc, ½.
IIcrmg 111 !us cxpcnments wns obtmne<l from the living snake, which
wns st1111ucd with n blow; the poison wns then collected on sugar hy
pressing the poison-fang upwards against the bng, and the three first
attenuations prepared by trituratiou.
Preparation.-Thc virns is triturnted as directed under Clns.'> VII f.
LACHNANTHES.
Synonym, Lachnanthes Tinctoria, Elliott.
Nat. Ord., II:-cmodornee::c.
Common Names, Red Root. Spirit \Vccd.
This herb grows iu sandy swa.mps, from Rhode Island and New
,J?rsey Rnuthward,_ nr., ar the _cnnst. It.<, root is red, fih rn us allll pcn•11-
uml. Loaves custform, equ1tant, clustered at the base anrl scntt<'rcd
ou the stem, which is hairy at the top, and terminated by a cle11�c
compound cymc of' clingy yellow and loosely woolly flowers. Perianth
woolly outside, six-parted down to the adherent ovary Stamens
three, opposite thc_ three . larger or inne1: divisions; filaments long, ex­
setted; anthers lmear, hxed by the n1Jddlc. Style thread-like, cx­
scrted, declined. l:'od globular; seeds fow on each fleshy placenta
Hat and rounded, fixed by the middle. Flowers appear from July t�
Septe111ber
HO;\lCEOPATIIIC PHARMACEUTICS. 285
-It wns proved under the direction of Dr. Lippe, United States.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plant in flower is chopped and pounded
to a pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol urc
taken, the pulp mixed with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the
alcohol added. After having stirred the whole well, pour it into a
well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight days in a dark, cool place.
The tincture is then separnted by decanting, straiuing and filtering.
Amount' of drug power, L
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
LACTUCA SATIV A, Linn.
Synonyms, Lactuca Crispn.. Ln.ctuca Sylvcstris.
Nat. Ord., CornposiL:.c.
Common Name, Garden Lct.tuce.
This is an a11m1:1l plant, cultivated as a salad vegetable. The stem,
about two foct high, is erect, round, simple below, and branching above.
The lower leaves nrc su b-orbiculn.r; the upper are cordnte and toothed;
both are shiuing, nud yellowish-green in color. The flowers are num­
erous, small, with yellowish corolJas. The plant contains a milky,
narcotic juice, which is abundant during the period of inflorescence.
The plant is widely cultivated in both hot and tcn1perntc climates.
Preparation.-The fresh, perfectly developed plaut, grown in the
garden, is chopped and poundecl to a pulp, enclosed iu a piece of ucw
lincu and subjected to pressure. The expressed juice is then, by brisk
agitn.tion, mingled with nn equal part by "·eight of nlcohul. This mix­
ture is allowed to st:uid eight days in a welJ-stoppcrcd bottle, in n dark,
cool pin.cc, and then fi ltc'red.
Dilutious must be prcpn.rcd as dircctt::<l under Class I.
LACTUCA VIROSA, Linn.
Synonyms, Intybus Augustus. Ln.ctucn. Fmtida.
Nat. Ord., Compositrc.
Common Name, Acrid or Strong-seentcd LcLtucc.
This plant is a native of Europe. It is a biennial hcrh, stem three
to four feet high, cylinrlrical, prickly near the hnsc, pale green in
color, and often marked with purple spots. Radical leaves nrc lnr�c,
petiolatc, oblong-ovn.tc, obtuse, prickly on under 1:1iclc along the m1cl­
rib, margius ll'lwy. The stem leaves arc smn.llcr, n.ltcrnate, sessile,hori­
zontal, with a saggitate aud clasping base, and with spinous apex.
Flowers in terminal pn.nicles, pale yellow; akcncs arc oval, flattened,
black, with n. whitish beak. 'fhe plant exudes a milky juice, hns a
disagreeable, narcotic oclor and a bitter, acrid taste.
It was first proven by Dr. Seidel, Germany.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plant is choiJpc<l anrl pounrled to a pulp,
enclosed in a piece of new linen and subjected to pressure. The ex­
pre..."Sed juice is then, by brisk agitation, mingled with an equal part
286 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMJ..CEUTICS.
by weight of alcohol. This mixture is allowed to stand eight days in
n. well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, ancl then filtercrl.
Dl'ug power or tincture, t
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
LACTUCARIUM.
This snhslancc is the concrete juice of Lactucct viro.�a, L..�aliva, L.
Scariol,a nnd L. alti.�simrt. The drug market is supplied with lactu­
:-n.rium from Gcrmn.ny and Eugland, from plants specially grown for
this purpo�c.
Preparation of Lactucarium .-,Just before the time of flower­
ing, the stem is cut oil' about a foot below the top, after which a trnns­
VCl'SC slice is taken off du.ily until September. The juice is pure white
at first but readily becomes brown on the surface, is collected from the
wounded top by the finger and is transferred to earthen cups, f rom
which it is turned out a.f'ter hu.rdening. German lactucarium comes in
commerce in fragments moulded by the collecting cups, externally of a
dull reddish-brown color, and internally opaque and wax-like. It has
a strong opium-like odor, and a very bitter taste.
Preparation for Homreo pathic Use.-The dried milk-juice is
triturated, as directed under Class VII.
LAMIUM ALBUM, Linn.
Synonyms, Gallopsiclis Maculata. Lamium L:.-evigatum.
Nat. Ord., Labiat:.-e.
Common Names, Dead Nettle. vVhitc Archangel.
This plant grows in Europe, on highways, beside ditch<',�, hedges, etc.
Root cyliudric:tl, r:unose, hairy; stem straight, quaclrnnguln.r, downy,
simple. Leaves ovate-cordn.te, serrate, pointed, downy. Flowers white,
in axillary clusters; calyx-teeth slender and hairy 1it base.
This <lrug was fil'st proven by Hahnemann and Stapf.
Preparation.-Two parts of fresh leaves and one pnrt of f'n·sh
hlo;:�0111s 1irc chopped 1rnd po11nrlecl to pulp, cncloscrl in a piece of new
linen and subjected to pressure. The expressed juice is then, hy hri,ik
ngitation, miugled with an equal part by weight of alcohol. This
mixture is allowed to stan<l eight clays in a well-stoppered bottle, in a
dark, cool pince, aud then filtered.
Amount of drug power, ½-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
LAPATHUM ACUTUM.
Synonym, Rumex Obtusifolius, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Polygonace:.-e.
Common Name, Bitter Dock.
This plant is a native of Europe, but has been introduced into
America, where it is found ,growing in fields, etc. Stem somewhat
rough ; lower leaves ovatc-cordate, obtuse, downy on the veins beneath,
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 287
wavy:margined; the upper lance-oblong, acuminate; whorls distant;
valves ovnte-hnstatc, and with some sharp subulate teeth at the base,
strongly reticulated, one grai11-bcnring.
ProYen by Dr. vVidcnhorn, Archiv. de la Mccl. Hom., 2, ::305.
Preparation.-The fresh root, gathered in autumn, is chopped and
pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of al­
cohol are taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of
it, and the rest of the alcohol n.ddc<l. After lmving stirred the "·hole
well, pour it into IL well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight dnys iu
a dark, cool pin.cc.· The tiucture is then separated by dccauting, straiu­
iug and filtering.
Amount of drug power, t·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class Ill.
LAPIS ALBUS.
Synonym, Silico-Fluoridc of Calcium.
This name, Lapis Albus, is given by Dr. v. Grauvogl, to an unnnmecl
species of gneiss, which he first found held in suspension in the waters
of the mineral spriugs of Gnstcin, Germany. Thrse springs start from
the foot of the Tnuern l\Iountains, and flow dowmrnrd into the rnllcy
of the Achcn, oYcr formations of gneiss.
The su bstancc proved was n. trituration of the solid gneiss rock. Dr.
\". Grnuvo�l calls it a white, primitive, calcium gneisf'. Until a care­
ful scientific analysis of the rock used by v. Grauvogl is made, we must
only consider as ofticinal, Lriturations of the gneiss from the springs of
Gast,cin, Germany.
Preparation.-Gcnuiuc Lapis Albus is triturnted, as directed under
Class VIL
LAUROCERASUS.
Synonym s, P rnnus Lnuroccrnsus, Linn. Padus Laurocernsus.
Nat. Ord., Bosat·cx.
Common Name, Cherry Laurel.
This is a handsome evergreen shrnh growing to a height of cightc� n
feet or more, and is n native of the Caucasus, of North ,vcstern A�in.
Minor, and of Northern Persia. It has been introduced as au orna­
mental plant in mnny parts of Europe. The leaves are altcrna�c,
simple, coriaceous, with shinin� upper surface; they are five to �1x
inches long and nearly two inches wide, oblong or obonitc, on tluck
petioles; margin recurved, sharp-serrate, glundular-clcntatc. They
are paler on lower side, and clull, and marked by eigl�t to ten lnterul
veius. Flowers small, white, in ,simple racemes. Fruit au oval dark
red, almost black, drupe. The fresh leaves are inodorous until bruised,
when they at once emit the oclor of hyclrocyanic acid. ,vhcu chewed,
their taste is rough, aromatic nml hitter.
It was first proven under Dr. JBrg, Germany.
Preparation.-The mature fresh leaves, gathered iu the summer
288 HOMCEOPATIIIC PITARMACEU'l'ICS.
months, nrc chopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Take two•
thirds by weight of alcohol, and n.dd it to the pulp, stirring n.ncl mixing
well toll.ether; then enclose iu n. piece of new linen and subject to pres­
sure. The tincture thus obtained is allowed to stand eight days in a
well-stoppered bottle, in n. dark, cool place, and then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, �-
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Clnss Il.
LEDUM.
Synonyms, Ledu111 Pnlustrc, Linn. Anthos Sylvcstris. H.osmnr-
inum Sylvestre.
Nat. Ord., Ericnccrc.
Common Names, Marsh Ten. 1,Vild Rosemary.
This is au evergreen shrub, fr om two to three feet high. Stem
erect, slender, much branched, young branches covered with close rnst­
colored down. Leaves scattered, horizontal or reflexcd, on short peti­
oles, linear or ligulatc, entire, with revolute margins, chnnneled, smooth;
upper surface dark green, under surface paler, and the midrib covered
with rust-colored down. Flowers numerous, in dense, simple, terminal,
brncteatcd corymbs. Stamens uniformly ten. Pods oval. The whole
plant., when bruised, hns a strong, oppressive, aromatic odor, and a
hitter, astringent, nauseous taste. It grows in moist, swampy grounds
iu north of Europe, France, Asia and British America.
It wns first proven by I-fahnemann.
Preparation.-Thc fresh herb is pounded to a pulp and weighed.
Then two parts by weight of nlcohol are taken, the pulp mixed
thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the l'Cst of the alcohol added.
After having stirred the whole well, pour it into a well-stoppered
bottle, and let it stan<l eight days in a dark, cool place. The tincture
is then separated by decanting, straining"and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, ¼-
Dilutious 111ust be prepared as directed under Class III.
LEPIDIUM BONARIENSE, De Gandolle.
Synonym, Lepidium Mastruco.
Nat. Ord., Cruciform.
Common Names, lluenos Ayres Pepperwort. Mastruco.
This plant is very common ia the neighborhood of Rio, where it is
found along the roads and in stony pfaces. It is herbaceous, with
numerous glabrous, erect stems, attaining a height of from twenty to
thirty inches; the radical leaves are petiolate, finely indented; the
superior leaves are alternate, sessile and almost linear. The flowers
nre in terminal spikes, supported by filiform pedicles; calyx with four
fulioles; corolla smn.11, cruciform, with four hypo�ynous petals, six
tetrady11a111ous stamens, short style, small, subellipt1eal pod, which is
somewhat crenatecl at the top; root fibrous, simple, erect.
It. blossoms in September.
HOMillOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 289
'It wns intr?duced, into ?Ur Materia Medica by Dr. ::\fore, Brazil.
Preparat�on.-T!1,e fresh leaves nre chopped and pounded to a
pulp and ,�e1ghed. lhen two parts by weight of alcohol nre taken
the p ulp m1xed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of
the alcohol added. Al�er _ stining the whole well, and pouring it into
a well-stoppered
_ bottl?, 1t 1s allowed to stand eight days in 1i dark, cool
pl9:ce. The tmcture 1s then sepn.ratcd by decanting, strnining and fil­
termg.
D�·ng_power of tincture', J.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
LEPTANDRA.
_Synony1:1s, Leptanclrn Virginica, Nutall. Veronica Virginica,
Li,nn. Cal11stachya Virginica. Eustachya Alba.
Nat, Ord., Scrophulariaccm.
CommonNames, Black Root. Culver's Root Tall Speedwell.
Tall Veronica.
, '.:J.'his is n. perennial herbaceous plant, with a smooth or slightly
downy erect stem, tw� t? s_ix (eet high, growing throughout the Unikel
States ea�t of the M1ss1ss1pp1. Leaves in whorls of four to seven on
s)lort pet1ol�s, lanceolate, J?Ointcd and finely serrate. Calyx five­
�a.rted. Co101la nearly white, wheel-shaped, tube l arger than
the
•limb, �egments unequal.· Stamens 1_nuch exserted. Lower part of fila­
ments and corolla pubescent.. Fruit a pod, ovate, acuminate, opening
at the apex, two celled, many seeded. Flowers in July and August
.
It was proyen by Dr. W. H. Burt, United States.
Preparation.-The fresh root, of the second year, is choppe
d nnd
pounde� to a pulp. Then �wo par� by weight of alcohol are taken,
pulp IDlXed thoroughly w1t!1 one-�1xth .part of it, and the rest of the the
alco�ol added.
. well-sto ered After havmg s�1ned the whole well, pour it into n.
1t'. . bottle, l!'nd allow 1t to stand eight days in a dark, cool
fil� he _tU?-eture 1s then separated by decanting, strnining and
g.
D:ug_power of tincture, i}.
D ut1ons m ust b e prepared ns directed under Class III.
LILIUM TIGRINUM, H. I(.
Nat. Ord., Liliacero.
• Co_mmonName
_ ., Tiger
ThIS plant IS a native
Lily.
of Chinn and Japan, but is widely cultivated
� a. garden plant. Stem fr?m four to six feet high, unbranched,
· woolly._ Lea.v� scattered, sessile, thrce-vemed,
_
the upper cordate-ovate,
the axils bulbiferous. Flowers large, in n. pyramid at the summit of
the stem, dark orange-colored, with black or very deep crimson some-
what. raised spots, whic(1 gi e the flower the appenrauce of the ;kin of
the tig er, and from wln�h cu·cm
v_ _
?st_ance 1t has derived its name; peri­
antb reyolute and pap1llose w1thm. Flowers appear in J uly and
August.
2!)0 IlOMCEOPATflIC PHARMACEUTICS.
[t ll'm; introduced into our l\Iatcrin. Mcdic:t hy Dr. "\V. E. Payi1c,
Unitccl Stntl'S.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plaut, in rloll'cr, is chopped nnd ponndccl
to :t pulp nnd wcighc<l. Then two parts by ll'eight of alcohol arc
taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly ll'ith one-sixth part of it, and the
rest of' the alcohol adde<l. Aller having stirred the ll'holc and poured
it into a w<•ll-stnjipl'n'd hottlc, it is allowed to Hlnncl ci g-hL dnyH in a
d:trk, <:1101 pl:icr. Thr. tincture is then scparntcd hy decanting, strain­
ing aud filtering.
Drng poll'cr of' tincture, t·
Dilutions must he prepared as tli1;cctcd uuder Class III.
LITHIUM BROMATUM.
Synonyms, Lidiium Bromide. Lithium Bromatum. Lithium
Jlydrohro1nie11111. Lithii Hrn111idum.
Common Name, Bromi<lc of Lithium.
Formula, Li Br.
Molecular Weight, 87.
Preparation and Properties of Bromide of Lithium.-Ono
pnrt of lithium i:ulplmte is to be dric<l hy heating on a wnter-hath and
then digc1<tccl for nn hour with three piirts of crystallized barium bro­
mide nud three parts of hot distilled 1rntcr. After cooling, there arc
to he addrd four part$ of' alcohol, and after some hours the ll'holc is
Lo he throll'n 011 a filter; the residue is to be washed 011 the filter with
dilute alcohol, the alcohol distilled off and the rest of' the filtrntc
Cl'np1H'Ht!'cl 1n drync.�s.
Properties.-1.,ithium bromi,lc is a colorlcss hygro. copic Falt
ll'hich mny he obtained in crystals by slowly evaporating its solution
01·cr sulphuric n.cid. It is rcaclily soluhlc in water and alcohol.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Bromidc of lithium is
prepared by triturntion, as directed under Class VIL
LITHIUM CARBONICUM.
Synonyms, Lithium Carbonate. Carbonas Lithicus. Lithii Car-
b11na1<.
Common Name, Carbonate of Lithium.
Formula, Li 2 CO 3•
Molecular Weight, 74.
Preparation of Carbonate of Lithium.-Carbonntc of lithium
exists in the ll'aters of Cnrlshad, Franzcnsbad and of other springs. It
is prepared by tli�solving an excess of ammonium cnrhonatc in a con­
cl•ntrntrd solution of lithium chloride and \\'ashing the resulting pre­
cipitate ll'ith alcohol.
Propcrties.-Lithium carbonate is a while light powder, not un­
like 111a�nr1<ia in nppcnrnnrc, nnrl hns fin nlkalinc taste. 1t effervesces
with aeitl!> :111d ll'hen rnoistcnccl with hydrochloric ncid and placed in a
loop of platinum ll'irc and held in the flame of an alcohol lamp it
HOM<EOPA'l'lllC PHARMACEUTICS. 291
colors the flame n. carn1i11c-rcd. It is soluble in about 135 parts of
water nt medium tcmpen1turcs, nnd the solution hns fill nlknli!1 c reac­
tion· in a.lcohol it is almost insoluble. Heated to rcducss. 1t fuses,
and 'on cooling solidilic.5 to :i crystalline mn!'Si nt n white hent it lo��s
four-fifths of its cnrhonic acid. The lithium cnrhonatc of commerce 1s
frequently a scsq11ic:trho11atl', a11d is soltil!lc i11 about 100 parts of
water; absolutely pure munucarbouatc requires I /'jO pnrts of col<l ll'ntn
for its solution .
. Tests.-The solution of lithium carbonate in <lilutc hydrochloric
acid gives ll'hen cv:iporatccl :t residue which is soluble inn mixture of
equal :vol�mes of 1_1incty p�.'. cent. alcohol an<I ctl!cr; �he �hlorid� of
potass111111 and sodium arc 111soluble, or nearly so 111 th(S m1xtur?. lho ,
above-meutionc<l residue aflcr cvnporntion, ll'hcn d1ssoh·ed 111 200
volumes of 11'::tlcr, should give no turbidity with_ :immonium �xalato
(calcium) nor ll'ith sodium cnrbouatc (mag1�csm). A �o)utwn _of
lithium carbonate in dilute 11itric acid should give 110 prcc1p1tate with
silver uitrate or barium chloride, uor with hy<lrogcn sulphide or
ammonium sulphide.
It was first proven hy Dr. Hering.
.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Pure carbonate of lith­
ium is prepared by trituratiou, as directed under Class VII.
LOBELIA.
Synonyms, Lobclia Inflatn, Li,nn. Rapnntium Inflatum.
Nat. Ord., J,ohcliacc:c.
Common Names, Indian Tobacco. Lobclia. Asthma Root.
Bugle \Veed. Emetic Herb. Puke Root.
. This is an indigenous a1111Lml pl:rnt found growing on roaclsi<l�s and
in neglected fields. Root fibrous, stem erect, angled, from _ nmc to
eighteen inches high, pubescent, much brunched. Lea,·C's sr�!'ilr, ornto
or oblong, serrate, diminishing into lcn.f-likc bracts. Flowers numer­
ous, shorkpedicellcd, small, in spike-like rac�mc�.• Corolla pale bluc,
_
tubular, somewhat two-lipped, the 11ppcr hp lnfid, the lower trifid.
Fruit a two-celled pod, with numerous small, brown seeds. Flowers
from July to September.
. .
It.was introduced into the Hommopathic l\Intcna l\[cchca by Dr.
Jeanes, United States.
.
Preparation.-The fresh plant is pounded ton. pul� and wc1ghccl.
Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc tnkrn, and nller thoroughl_y
mixing the pulp with one-sixth part of it, the res� o_f the alcohol 1s
added. After having stirred the whole "·ell, pour it mto a "·ell-stop­
�ered b�ttle and let it stand eight_ days ir� � dark, cool J�lncc. Tho
tmcture IS then separated by dccnntmg, stra111111g and filtermg.
I)rug power of tincture,¼-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
2!)2 JIOMCEOPATHW PITAltMACEUTICS.
LOBELIA CARDINALIS, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Lohcliace�c.
Common Names, Canlinnl Flower. Reel Lohclia.
This species of lobclia is taJl, two tu four feet hio-h stern simple
smoothish; leaves oblong-lnnccolntc, slightly toothed� 1:cutc nt c-ncl;
C'Jl(I, sessile. .Flowers in a tcrr11i11:d hrnnchcd racc111c, on short pcdi­
ccls. Corolla deep searlct and large. The plant is co11111Hm from
Uanada to the Cnrolinas, and westward to lllinois.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plant is choppPd and pm11uled to n pulp
nnd wc!ghcd. Then two part.s hy weight of alcoll()I nrc titkcn, the
J)Ulp 1111xcd thoroughly with one-sixth part of' it, rrncl I.he rest of the
nlcohol added. After stirring the whole well nnrl pou1·ing it into 1L
well-stoppered boUle, it is allowed to rcmnin eight days in a dnrk cool
J?lac�. The tincture is then separated by decnnting, straiuing anti
f1 lterrng.
Drug power of tincture, ½-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
LOBELIA SYPHILITICA, Linn.
Synonyms, Lobelia Coorulen. Lobelia Glandulosn.
Nat .. Ord. , Lobelin.cem.
Common Names, Blue Lobclin. Great Lobelia.
An indigenous plant often found in the ,vcstcrn States in w�t
meadows and along streams. Stem erect, simple, two to four feet high,
angular. Lc:wcs ._oblong-lanceolntc, acute at .hoth_ ends, irregularly
�crratc.. Flowers Ill :t dense raceme or crowded spike. Corolla pale
blue, an mch long, showy. Calyx with rellexed sinuses. Flowers in
.July.
It was first proven by Dr. Vi/. V{illiamson, United States.
Prel?aratio?.-=-Thc fresh plnnt i � choppc<l ancl pounded to a pulp
11�,I weighed. Then_ two pnr _ts by weight ?f alcohol arc taken, the pul[l
mixed thnro11ghly with one-sixth pnrt of 1t, nn<l the rest of the nlcohol
ad,lcd. After having stirred the whole well and poured it into n well­
stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stnnd eight days in n dnrk cool plnce.
The tincture is thep sepnrntecl by decnntiug anrl filtering. '
Drhg power of tincture, i.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
LOLIUM TEMULENTUM, I,inn.
Synonyms, Lolium Arvcnsc. Lolium Robustum.
Nat. Ord., Grnmine:n.
Common Name, Bearded Darnel. Dnrnel. Ln.rc.
This grass is 1111 annual, nhout two feet hirrh, indirrenous
0 to Europe
m1<I ,vcstcrn Asin, but found in this cnun�-y from Ncw Englnncl to
Pc1111sylvania. Leaves lancc-lincnr, lnrgc :rn<l showy, rough;edgccl.
Spikclcts live to scvcn-tlowcr()(l, m11ch cnmprrf'sc,1, not longer than the
JIO:MCEOPATHIC PHARMAUEU'l'ICS. 293
• glume. Seeds oblong-ovoid, ahout one 'luarter of an inch in length_
inner surface groovc,1, outer convex, smooth, light brown.
It was first proven hy Dr. Cordier, France.
Preparation.-Thc ripe seeds arc conrscly powdered, n.nrl covered
with five parts by weight of alcohol, nnd allowed Lo rcmnin eight dnys
in a well-stoppercrl bottle, in a dark, cool place, being shaken twice a
day. The tincture is then poured on; strained nod filtered.
Drug power of tiuct11re, 1 11,.
Dilutions mtist be prepared as directed under Glass IV.
.LUPULINA.
Common Name, Lupulin.
This is n yellow glandular powder detached from the strobiles of
Humulus Lnpulus. Sec Lupul11s.
"When dry hops arc handled, the glandular powder becomes separntcd
nod is freed from other matters by sifting; about 10 per cent. of the
weight of tlie hops may be thus procured. Lupulin, when recent, is n
yellow, afterwards brown, granulnr, resinous powder, which has the
odor and taste of hops.
· Preparation.-The lupulin is triturated, as directed under Class
VII
LUPULUS.
Synonym, Humulus Lupulus, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Urticaccm.
Common Names, Hops. Hop Vine.
The hop viue is found growing wild, especially in thicket�, on the
banks of rivers throughout Europe, and extends to the Cnu('nsus and
Central Asia. It has been cultivated for centuries in Europe, nnd is
found in both North and South America. lt is a perennial, dir:ccious
plant, producing au1111ally long turning stc111s, which cli111h freely over
trees nnd bushes. Leaves opposite, 011 long pctioh·s, mostly three to
five-lobed, serrate, deep green on upper surface, prickly, rough. The
male flowers are iu a long pnnicle; the femalo flowers are in a less
conspicuous stalked catkin, and are made up of il short, zig-zag axis
.bearing overlapping, membranous scales, forming an ovoid cone or
strobile. The scales bear at the base the fruit or acheoin, and both
scales (at the base) nod achenin are beset with numerous yellow
glands, which, when separaterl, appear in rnnss· as powder.
It �as first proven by Dr. Bethnrnnu, in Germany.
Preparation.-The fresh hop-strobilcs arc chopped and pounded
to a pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol are
taken, the pulp thoroughly mixed "·ith one-sixth part of it, and the
rest of the alcohol added. After having stirred the whole "·ell and
.poured it into a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight days
m a dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decanting,
straining and filtering.
294 HOMIBOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Drng power of tincture, A.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Clnss III.
LYCOPERSICUM.
Synonyms, Solauum Lycopersicum, Li,nn. Lycopersicum Escu•
lcntu111, ]Ifill. 1'0111:t Amoris.
Nat. Ord., Solnnnce::c.
Common Names, Love Apple. Tomato.
This plaut is a native of tropical Americn, hut its fruit hns come
into such high repute that it is cu!Livatcd very extensively elsewhere.
The tomnto plnnt resembles the potato plant in general ni<pect. It is
hairy; stems hcrhaecuus, weak, growing three Lo four foct high; leaves
unequally pinnatifid, segments cut, glaueous beneath; flowers grecnish­
ycllow, of' an unpleasant odor; fruit is large and abundant, torulosc,
furrnwcd, !'mooth, nt first green, becoming when ripe a beautiful reel;
it hns an agrecab. lc acid taste.
Introduced by Dr. Gross, Germany.
Preparation.-The fresh herb beginning to flower, is chopped and
pounded to a pul > and weighed. Then two parts by weight of nlcohol
l
arc taken, tlw pu p mixed thoroughly with one-sixth pnrt of it, and the
rest of' the :tle,,hol added. After stirring the whole well and po11 r­
ing the 111ixtnrc into a well-stoppered bottle, it is nllowcd to !<Land
eight da_r,: in a cl:11·k, cool pince. The tincture is then scpnrntcd by
dc(':tnLing, straining and filtering.
Amount of drng power,¼.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
LYCOPODIUM.
Synonyms, Lycopodium Clavatum, Linn. l\Iuscus Clavatus.
l',·s Lconinus. Pcs Ursinus.
Nat. Ord., Lycopodincc::c.
Common Names, Club-Moss. Stag's Horn. ·witch l\fonJ.
,Volf's Claw.
The common club-moss is widely distributed through the greater part
of the world, but more especially' in northern countries. Its· stem is
creeping, two to four feet long, with asccndin" branches. Lca\·cs
linear-awl-shaped,incurvcd. Fertile branches end in slender peduncles
supporting two to three lincm•. spikes, with ovate acuminate, eroscly
dcntatc bracts. Sporaugia in the axils of the bracts. The spikes arc
gathered just before maturity, nnd the sporulcs shaken out and scpa­
'iat,ed from other parts of the plant by means of a fine sieve.
Lycopodium in mass, is ii pale yellow powder, so very mobile that its
1-ehavior is like that of a liquid when the ve."Scl holding it is inclined
from �ido to siclc. Under microscopic examination, each spornle is SP<'n
t,> he a ro11nrlish or nearly globular body, h:wing three well dclinerl
facets on one side forming a short, three-sided pyramid. The surface
presents a honey-combed appearance, and the angular edges of the
HOMffiOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 295
pyramid arc furnished with small pr�jcctious. Buchoh found the con­
stituents of Lycopocliun1 sporulcs Lo be in 100 pru:L� as follows: fix�d
oil 6, sugar 3, mucilage 1.5, and 89.5 of what he designated as pollenrn,
mcm1ing the residue left after extracting the mass with water, alcohol,
ether an<l cold alkaline sol11t.ion, :tnd which docs nut seem to be cellu­
lose. Flilckigcr and Hanbury fiud that. the fixed oil amounts to 47
per cent., 1111d they were cnahlcd to recover this large amount hy first
finely dividing the spornlcs by prolonged triturntion with sand, nn<l
then exhnusting the triturntcd mass with ether. The oil is bland �nd
docs not solidify at even -1 5 ° C. (5 ° F.). l3y subjecting L )' copodrnm
or its extract to distillation, St.cnhouse succeeded in obt.ainmg several
volatile bases, although in extremely small proportion. l3cnenth the
net-work 1drc:uly described, is a thin, coherent and dense mcmb1:n_nc,
yellow in color, which resists I.he action of such solvents us boi_lu�g
water and strong potash solution. Sulphuric ncid does not aflect , it tu
the cold, even after prolonged contact. It affects, however, the mem­
brane in 1t manner annlagous to its action in producing parchn�ent
paper, for the pollen grnius become transparent; nt the snme tune
numerous oil drops quickly exude. Triluration of tl!e sporulc� nlon_e
results in a darkening of the color aud inereased consistency with evi­
dent greasiness or the ma!'s. The· toughness of the membrnne (a�t)
probably the elasticity uf the rcticulntions) render the pollen very clif­
ticult to triturate perfectly, but luug t.rit11rntion with such an nmou!1t
of sugar of 111ilk ns will just !'11fficc Lo isolate each spornlc from its
ucighbors, oilers the best 111ea11s of ohtai11i11g as eo111pletc ruplllrc nnd.
co111min11tiou of the pollen grains as can be attained. A metho�I ol
t.r!turating _Ly�opodi11111, and ,vhich may_ � ivc �he proper proport1�ns
of sugar uf milk to spurnlcs, was publishc<l 111 New York JJ[ed1cal
7. 1imes, Vol. X-G.
The drug wns first proven hy Hahncm:rnn.
Preparation.-To obtain an efficacious tincture of Lycopodium, a
previous triturntiou for hours, first dry, and_ then wit.h �he nd<( ition of
as much alcohol as is ncccssnry to form a, Ll11ck pnste, will be found of
great adrnntage; after this is done, suflicicut strong alcohol i� added
to make five p:trts hy weight of a.leohol to each part by weight of
Lycopodium used. 'this preparation is allowed to .remain eight �lnys
in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, bcmg shnkcn tmcc a
dny. The tincture is then poured off, strained and filtered.•
Drug power of tincture, irr •
Dilutions must be prepnrcd as directed under Class IV.
Triturntions of Lycopodium arc prcpnred as direct.eel under Clnss
VII, but th . e first trit11rntion should be prepared from lx, made �y
using one part of Lycopodium t.o nine of granulated sacchmy m la�t1s,
nnd then triturn.ting powerfully f'or several hours. F�om this lx tntu­
rnt.iou the higher nu111bcrs can be made on both scales m the usual way.
LYCOPUS.
Synonym, Lycopus Virgiuicus, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Labiat::c.
29G IIOMCEOPATHIC PIIARMACEUTICS.
Common Names, Ilugle-weed. Paul's Iletony. Virgini11. Hoar­
houn<l.
This is an indigenous perennial herb found in bogs and wet soils.
Stem erect, obtusely four-angled, from twelve to eighteen inchrs high,
gcncmlly simple. Lc!Lvcs opposite, sessile, on petioles, hroad-):rncPo-
111.tc, scrrntc in the mi<ldlc, entire 11.t both ends, glnmlulnr-punctntc be­
neath. The whole plant often takes on 1t purple tint. Flow<•rs 111inutr,
purplish, in i:.mnll whorls. Corolla four-cleft, ncn.rly r<•gulnr, upprr
scgmcut bro::i.dest; tube 11s long as the calyx. Acheuin. four, tn111cntcd
obli,1uely at apex.
It w:1s first proven by Dr. G. E. Clmndlcr, United Stntrs.
Prepatation .-Thc fresh plnut, in flower, is chopped :11ul pnunded
to a pulp n11d \\'cighcd. Then two pn.rts by weight or nlcc,h,,1 nrc
taken, :111<1 alter thoroughly mixing the pulp with one-sixth pnrt
of it, the rest of the alcohol is added. After stirring the whole well,
and pouring it into n. well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand
eight rl:iys iu n. dark, cool pince. The tincture is then separated by
dccnnting, straining nud filtering.
Drng power of tincture, k.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
LYSSIN.
Synonym, Hydrophobi1111m.
The virns or the rabid dog.
Preparation.-The virus is prepared by triturntion, as directed
under Class VUI.
MADAR.
Synonyms, Calotropis Oigantcn, Brown. Asclcpins Gigantc1t,
Linn. �lutbr.
Nat. Ord., As<·lcpind:icc:u.
'!'his plant i� :i 11at.ivc of" the East Indies, hut hns hcrn introducccl
i11t.o_ till' We"t. Lndia Islands. The bark is ttH'd ns a rrn1cdy in Eu.st
Indm under the name of Jlfadar or .Mudar. The l,ark i� whiti;;h, is
without epidermis, has very little, if n.ny odor, flll(I its taste is unusc­
ou:< and bitter.
It. wns prove<l by E. B. Ivntts, Dublin.
Preparation.-Thc recently-dried bark, coarsely pulverized, is
trituratccl as directed under Class VII.
MAGNESIA CARBONICA.
�ynonyms, Mngnesium 9arbonatc. Carbonns Magnesicus. l\fng-
- _
nes11 Carbonas. Salis Aman.
Common Name, Cn.rbonate of Magnesia.
Formula, (Mg 00 3)1, Mg (FI 0) 2, 5H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 484.
Preparation of Carbonate of Magnesium.-"Tn.kc of sul­
p�atc of magnesia, ten ounces; cnrbonntc of'_sodn, twelve ounces; hoil-
HOMCEOPATIIIC PHARMACEUTICS. 297
·-ing distilled wntcr, n. sufficiency. Dissolve the sulphnte of magnesia
and the carbonate of sodn. each in a pint of water, mix the two solu­
tions, nod evaporate the whole to perfect dryness by means of a sand­
bath. Digest the residue for half an hour \\'ith two pints of water,
and having collected the insoluble matter on a calico ,i1tcr, wnsh it
_repeatedly with distilled water until the washings cease to giYc a pre­
cipitate with chloride of hnri11n1. Finnlly, dry the product at n tem­
perature not cxccccling 212° F."-Br. P.
_Oflicinal carhormtc of mngn()Sia is n porous, loose cohcrrnt mn�s of
dazzling white color, without odor, and having n slightly cnrthy taste.
It is nearly insoluble in water, one part requiring 2500 parts of cold
and 9000 of boiling wntcr for its solution. The suhst.m1ce hns a.
weakly alkaline reaction. At a low red heat it loses its C0 2 nn<l
water, and nmgnesia is left.
Tests.-It clforvcsccs on the addition of nci<ls and gi\·cs the ordi­
nary reactions of magnesium. It is apt to be contaminated with
traces of lime, soda and of sulphuric and hydrochloric acids. ·when
dissolved in dilute nitric acid the solution should giYe no precipitate
with barium nitrate (sulphate) nor with silver nit.rate (chloride), and
when the solution is neutralized with ammonia. no prceipilntc should
occur upon the addition of ammonium oxalate (calcium). The prc­
cipit,atc formed upon adding nmmonia in excess to the solution, !'hould
redissolve in ammonium chloride (undissoh·cd residue iodicnting the
presence of altt 111ina), and the ammoniacal solutiou, when trcatrcl with
hydrogen sulphide, should not given. white precipitate (zinc).
It was first pro\·cn by l fahttcmanu.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Thc pure carbonate of
magnesia. is trituratccl as directed under Class VII.
MAGNESIUM METALLICUM.
Synonym, Magnesium.
Symbol, Mg.
Atomic Weight, 24.
Origin.-Thc 111ctnl magnesium occurs ahunclantly in nntmc, hut
never in the free slntc. It is found ns hydrate in the mineral br11cite,
as cn.rbonntc in mar;nesilc, as sulphate in ep-�omile, ns fluo-phosphntc in
wagnerite. Its silicates arc well known,-meer.�chattm, 111ica, .•e-rpentiue,
etc.; magncsian limestone is n tlo11hlc carbonate of magnesium attd
calcium, and magnesium chloride exists in many nnturnl waters, espe­
cially in sea-water.
Preparation.-Thc metal is prepared on the large scale by heat­
ing to full redness a. mixture of six parts of magnesium chloride, one
of sodium chloride, one of calcium fluoride nnd one of' !'odium, out of
contact with air. The magnesium is obtained then in metallic glob­
ules, which arn further .purified by distillation in an atmosphere of
hydrogen.
Properties. -The metal is silver-white in color, very hrillinnt in
lustre and has n. specific gravity or 1.75. It is mallcnhlc nnrl ductile,
2!)8 Il0MffiOPATH1C PllARMACElJTJL',;.
fuses at n red hmt nnd nt n higher temperature volntilizcs. ,vhcn
11!':ttcd to redness in n strong alcohol flame it tnkc•." fire, burning with n
da:r.:.du1g white light which is very rich iu actinic rnys nnd by means
of' which photographs cnn be taken iu otherwise darkened chambers.
It is permanent in dry air, nnd is attacked rendily by acids.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Thc metal magnesium
is tritnrntcd :1s directed under Class VII.
MAGNESIA MURIATICA.
Synonyms, i\fagncsium Chloride. Chloras Mngnesicus. Magnesii
Chloridum.
Formula, Mg Cl 2•
Molecular Weight, 95.
Common Name, Muriate of Magnesia.
Preparation of Muriate of Magnesia.-Dividc a quantity of
pure hydrochloric acid into two parts; neutralize one part with mag­
nc."ia and the other with ammonium hydrate or carbonate. The solu­
tions are to be mixed and evaporated to dryness and then heated to
redness in a loosely covered porcelain crucible. Ammonium chloride
is driven off and fused magnesium chloride remains behind. The lat­
ter is to be poured out on a clean stone anti when cold transferred to a
"·cl I-stoppered bottle.
Properties.-i\[agnesium chloride is a white mnss, crystalline in
!II ructurc. It is very dcliqucsccut and extremely soluble in water. It
e:mnot be recovered by evaporation from its watery solution, because
t.hc last portions of' the water a.re retained with such ohstinncy that the
l:tttcr's dcco1upositiou ensues as a result of the affinity of chloriuc for
hydrogen and of' magnesia for oxygen, the hydrocliloric ncid formed
being then expelled, nn<l magnesia only, remaining. Anhydrous chlo­
ride of magnesia is in flexible crystalliue pla.tes, having a pearly lustre
and a sharp bitter taste. The hydrntcd chlorirlc (with six molecules
of water) is deposited from a hot concentrated sQ]ution on cooling, in
needles nud prisms. The cryst:tls arc highly deliquescent, dissolve in
two-thirds their weight of cold nncl in oue-(ifth their weight of hot water;
they a.re soluble iu two parts of alcohol of specific grnvity 0.817.
Tests.-Its solution should, when acidified with HCl, give no pre­
cipitate· with barium chloride, and after adding ammonia in excess and
then ammonium oxalate, no precipitate should occur.
It was first proven by Ifahncmann.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Muriate of magnesia is
triturated, as directed under Class VII.
MAGNESIA PHOSPHORICA.
Formula, Mg HP0 4, 7H 2 0.
Two parts of sulphn,tc of magnesia arc to be dissolved in thirty-twc
part.5 of distilled water, mixed with a solution of three parts of phos­
pha.te of sodn, in thirty-two parts of distilled water nnd set aside to .
HOM CEO I'ATHIC l'HARMACEUTlCS. 299
crystnllizc. The salt separates in the course of twenty-four hours
in tufls of' prisms or needles.
Properties.-Crystallizcrl magnesium phosphate forms small six­
sided needles, h:wing a cooling, sweetish taste. It is sparingly soluble
in wntcr, 322 parts of water taking up one of the salt after long stnnd-,
ing. By boiling the solution, the salt becomes decomposed through a
parti:d scparntiun of trirnagncsian salt. Magnesium phosphate dis­
solves easily in dilute acids; its crystals e!Horcscc in warm air, nnd
when heated to 100° C. (212 ° F.) give off more than half of their
water, anti at 170 ° C. (248 ° F.) the remaining portion. At a reel heat
the basic hydrogen is driven off aud magnesium pyrophosphate is left.
It may he tested for impurities in the way mentioned under the two
prcvious nrticlcs, nmlatis mitlandi�.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The salt is triturntcd
according to Class VII.
MAGNESIA SULPHURICA.
Synonyms, l\Iagnesium Sulphate. 1\fagncsii Sulphas.
Common Names, Epsom 8alt. Sulphate of Magnesia.
Formula, ]VTg 80 4 , 7H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 2-IG.
Origin and Preparation.-Sulphate of magnesium occurs native
in the mincrn,I ep,�omite nnd it is found in the waters of certain hitter
saline springs, as those of Epsom in England, whence the popular
1mmc applied to this salt. The salt is made in large amount hy actiug
ou magncsian limestone with dilute sulphuric acid and scpnrnting the
resulting magnesium sulphate from the greater pnrt of the slightly
soluble cnlcium sulphntc by filtrntion. It is purifiecl by re-solution
and rapid crystallizntion.
Propcrties.-I'urc magnesium sulphate, when crystallized slowly
from it.s solutions, forms large, colorlcss, right-angled prisms. But iu
commerce it is in small rhombic prisms. The salt is ueutral, is with­
out odor, and has a saline, bitter taste. At ordinary temperntures it is
soluble in two parts of cold water, but boiling water takes up more
than its own weight of the salt. By heat, the salt melts, gradually
gives up six molecules of its water, and between 200° and 230 ° C.
(392° to 44G ° F.) it yields the remaining molecule. The anhydrous
salt is a white powder, which melts at a full red hent to an enamel-like
mass, without dccompositiou. It is soluble in dilute an<l slightly so iu
absolute alcohol.
Tests.-Caustic a.lkalies precipitate magnesium sulphate from its
solutions. lt.c; solutions should be neutrnJ in reaction, and ,d1cn diluted
should not he nffocted when treated with silver nitrate (chloride), with
ammonium carbonate (calcium and :r.inc compounds), with pota�i'ium
ferrocyanidc (zinc and other mr.tallic salts), nor with ammonium sul­
phide (iron manganese and other metals). The pr<'Rr.nce of ammonium
compounds may be rccognizcrl by trcatin the SQ)utinn of the salt with
caustic alknli and holding near the mouth 7 of the test-tube a gins!! rod
300 l[OMCEOPATHIC J'HARMACIWTICS.
moistened with hydrochloric ncirl; the occurrence of white fumes will
show the presence of ammonia. \Vhen one part of lllagnci;iulll sul­
phate is rubbed in n. mortn.r with two and n hn.lf parls of" barium car­
bonate, and the mixture boiled with 20 CC. of distilled water for some
minutes, and after cooling filtered, the filtrate should, when trented with
harium chloride solution, give no turbidity, otherwise potnssium or
sudiulll sulphate is present in more thnn mere Lrnccs.
It wns proven by Nenning, in Germany.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Purc sulphate of mag­
nesium is triturntcd, as directed under Class VII.
MAGNESIA USTA.
Synonyms, Magnesium Oxide. MagrH'-'lia Calcinata. Calcined
l\fagnrsia.
Common Name, Magnesia.
Formula, Mg 0.
Molecular Weight, 40.
Preparation.-Calcincd magnesin is prepared by exposing magne­
sium carbonate in an enrthen vessel, to n red heat for two hours or
until all the C0 2 is driven off; during the process, the mass is to be
eoustnnLly stirred wi�h nn iron spoon.
Properties.-Officinn.l mngncsin is a white, odorless powder ha Ying
ari enrthy taste. It has !L wenkly nlkaline reaction, nnd is almost in­
solublo in water. At a reel hent it is unchanged, becoming only moro
dense; it dissolves in dilute acids without etfervesccnec. Its �,,ecific
gravity is between 2.75 and 3.25. \Vhen exposed to the air it n ,�orbs
moisture and C0 2, and becomes in part altered to ca.rbonatc. \Vhcn
mixed with wa.tcr it forms n hydrate.
Tests.-Evcn when kept in well-stoppered bottles, it absorbs some
moisture and a small amount of C0 2 • \Vhen a pinch of it is shaken
up with a. few CC. of wntcr, it should not effervesce so as to he npprc­
cintcd hy the sense of sight, although when the cn.r is placed to the
test-tuhe; a minulc crcpitn.tion then observable may he coni<idcrcd ns
not worth notice. Its bchnvior with reagents shoul<l be thnt described
under the a.rticlc Magnesium Ca.rhonicum.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Purc calcined rnngucsia.
is triturnted as directed under Class VII.
MAGNOLIA.
Synonym, Magnolia. Glauca., Linn.
1
Nat. Ord., Magnoliacc::c_
Common Names, Laurel Magnolia. White Laurel. White
Bny. Sweet Bny.
This shrub or smnll tree is indigenous to the Middle and Southern
Slate.'!, a.nd . is found growing in marshy grounds ncnr the const. In
fa.vora.hlc situntions in the Soulh it rea.ches n height of twenty feet.
Lciwc.'l ovnl-ohtusc, shining above, glaucous-white beneath. Flower!:!
,.
HOMCEOPATHIC PITAJDfACEUTICS. 301
two inches broa�, cup-sha.perl; calyx of three white· or greenish sepals;
petals concave, fragrant. Carpels one to two-seeded, nggrcgn�erl iuto a
cone-like fruit; upon their opening at maturity the seeds are sus­
pended by a funicle.
Pr_eparation.-Thc fresh flowers arc chopped nncl po1111tiecl to n.
pulp aud weighed. Then two parls hy weight of alcohol arc taken,
. the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, aud the rest of
the aleohol added. Arter stirring the whole well, nnd pouring it into
a well-stoppered hoUlc, it is allowed to stand eight days in a dnrk,
cool place. The tincture is theu separated by decanting, straining
and fiI tering.
A1110u11t of drug power, t.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
MAJORANA.
Synonyms, Origanum Majoraua, Linn. Majorana Hortcnsis,
.Mccnrh.
Nat. Ord., La.hiatro.
Common Name, Sweet Marjoram.
Thi,; annual is frc<Jucntly cu ltivatr.d ns a pot-herb. It is indi­
0
genous to \Vestern Asia aml Southcastcrn Europe. Leaves entire,·
oval or spatulate, 1va.yish-grcen
_ i,,\ color, downy nnd pel_lucid-p�nctatc.
Flowers small, wlutc, 111 heads. Ihc odor of the plant 1s peculiar, but
agrecnblc and aromatic.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plant, in flower, is chopped ancl pounded
to a pulp nnd weighed. Thc1i two pnrls by weight of alcohol nre
taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, nncl the
!·cs� of the a.lcohol added. After_ �tirring the whole we]� nnd pouring
1t mto a. well-stoppered bottle. 1t 1s allowed to stand erght dnys in n
dark, cool pince. The tincture is then separated by decanting, strain-
• ·
ing and filtering.
Amount of drug power, ¼.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss III.
MANCINELLA.
Synonym, Hi°ppomanc Mnncinella, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Euphorbiace::c.
Common Name, Manchinccl.
Although the toxic properties of the mnncinclla. have been greatly
exaggera.ted, it is nevertheless a. very poisonous tree, which is becom­
ing more and more rare, owing to its being rooted up with great care
wherever it shows itself. It is a. nati,-c of the \Vest Indies, is from
twelve to fift,ccn foet high, with n trunk having a white anti soft wood,
covered with a gra.yish bark. Its leaves nre a.ltcrnatc, oval-acute,
sornewhnt cordntc at the base, with fine indentations, nor! n. red gland
at the apex. They arc attached to long petioles; stipulate while
young. Flo-wcrs rnonmcious, forming long terminnl spikes, the mnlo

302 HOMCEOPATRIC PHAHMACEUTICS.
flowers being nbovc, the female below or nt the nxils of the lcnvcs.
The mnlc flu\l'crs hnvc a hifid pcriauth whence rniamttc the sta111cns,
the united fila111cnts of which for111 a column that supports the anthers.
The female flowers hnvc n pcrianth with two or three divisiom; and n
rudimentary foliole; the ov:uy is round nod superior; style straight,
tcrn,innting in six or seven red, r:uliatin�, rcflcxcd stigmata. The fruit
is round, pulpy, fro111 five to six inches 111 cliamctcr, urnbilicnte nt tl,e
top, and enclosing a woody kernel with seven rnonosper111ous co111part­
mcnts.
It was int.rnclnced into our Materia Medicn hy Dr. Mure, Brazil.
Preparation.-Equal parts of' the fresh lcnvrs, h:1rk and f'ruit nre
<·lwpp<·d and pm111,kd to a pulp and weighed. Then two parts hy
11·pight of' :1l,·oh11] :trC' taken, the pulp 111ixcd thoroughly with 011<!-sixth
part of' it, and the rest of the alcohol added. After stirring the
whole 11·<'11 nncl pouring it into a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to
stand eight days in a dark, cool pince. The tincture is then scpamtc<l
hy drcnnting, straining and filterinir.
Amount of drug power, L · Preparation for Homreopathic Use .-Carbonate of mangan­
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
MANGANUM ACETICUM.
Synonyms, l\fanganous Acetate. Acct.-'!� Mangnnosus. M:rngn,1csii
Acctns.
Common Name, Acctntc of Mnngnncsc.
Preparation of Acetate of Manganum.-Ily satnrnting pure
acetic acirl with Manganese Carbona.M and crystallizing.
Properties.-Thc salt crystallizes in colorless or pale rcd<foh, shin­
ing, rhomboidal prisms, which are persistent in the air and easily
soluble in water. Their taste is metallic and astringent. Their solu­
tion undergoes no change with silver nitrate, and when acidified with
IICI is not affected by hydrogen sulphide.
It, wns introduced into our l\rn.tcria l\[cdica by Hnhncman11.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Acctate of manganese
is trituratcc..1 as directed under Class VII.
MANGANUM CARBONICUM.
Synonyms, l\Inngauous Carbonate. Carbonas l\lnnganosus. l\fan­
g:111C'8ii C'arhonns.
Common Name, Carbonate of l\fongancsc.
Preparation of Carbonate of Manganum.-Ten parts of di�­
tillrd water :we clt'privecl of atmospheric air by boiling, nnd one part
of' crystallized rnnnganous sulphate is dissolved therein, and this solu­
tifln is mixed, with constant stirring, with a filtered solution of 0110
pnrt of ,ndiu111 hienrhonatc in fifteen parts of distilled water. Aftrr a
day or lwo the precipitate is collcctc<l, spread upon filter paper and
dried in the sun or in a warm place.
Properties.-1\Ianganous carbonate is a fine, whitish or reddish-
HOMCEOP ATIJIC PHARMACEUTICS. 303
"white powder. It is without taste or odor and is almost insoluble in
water. It dissolves in solutiolls of CO,, and whcu treated with dilute
sulphuric acid evolves CO 2 , :t pale, reddish, clcnr solution resulting.
Tests.-Ma11gnnous carbonate when shaken with distilled water,
docs not dissolve therein, and iu dilute hydrochloric acid is easily
soluble without the slightest turbidity. This solution should be di­
vided and tested in parts. Wit.h hydrogen sulphide no change should
occur, or at 111ost, a faint, white turbidity due to the presence of man­
gnnic oxide (IJ, colorcd turbidity or precipitate shows the presence of
other metals). The portion alrcarly saturated with hydrogen !'Ulphide
should ·not give, after the altunrla11t nclditio11 of sodium ncclatc !'olu­
tion, nny white turbidity (ahsence of zinc). The sol11tion in dilute hy­
<lrochloric acid, wh<'n treated with tincture of galls, sho11ld lint hccome
violet or dnrk-colored (uhscnce of iro11); or when treated with n plen­
tiful addition of ammollium chloride and then with caustic ammonia,
should rcmni11 clear (nhscncc of alurniua), as it nlso should upon the
addition of :u11111011iurn oxalate (absence of calcium).
lt was i11t,rocl11ced into our l\[ateria J\fodica by Hnhncm:um.
ese is triturntcd, ns directed under Class VIL
MANGANUM METALLICUM.
Synonym, Metallic l\Ia.ngnnesc.
Symbol, l\fn.
Molecular Weight, 27.7.
Preparation and Properties of Metallic Manganese.-Man­
gancsc 11·ns discovered hy Scheele nnd Bergmann in 177-1, in the min­
end Braunstein. As this mineral hnd hcen collfouu<lcd with magnetic
iron, it received the Latin name of that substance, magnesia nigrn, and
hence the nnme given at first to the new metal was magnesium. In
orrlcr to distinguish this metal from the rral magnesium the nnmc wns
aftcrwnrd altered into mang:rncsium. l\Innganesc is fo11nd in n n11mbcr
of minerals.
Preparation and Properties.-Thc metal is ohtai11C'd hy reduc­
ing its oxide hy heating it. to rednc-ss with chnrcoal. Jt is hard, grny­
ish-white in ('olor, looks like cast-irrrn, an<l is \'Cl')' hrittlC'. Its spe­
cific gravity is ahn11t 8. When cxpo�ed to the air it oxidizcs rcndily,
nnd it is easily n.ttaelml hy :t('idH.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Metallic manganese is
triturnted, as directed under Class VIL
MATICO.
Synonyms, Piper Angustifolium, Riliz et Pavon. Artantbc Elon-
gatn, jJfiq 1iel. Stef-fensia Elougata, Jfonth.
Nat. Ord., Pipcracc:-e.
Common Names, Soldier's Hcrh. Narrow-leaved Piper.
This is a shrub growing in moist woods iu Bolivia, Peru and other
304 HOMCEOPA.THIC PHARMACEU'J'ICS.
. '
portions of South America. It has nearly sessile leaves, lance-oval,
nc11111i11rtt.n, i11 lc11�t.h f'rn111 t.wo to Rix i11clrcs 1t11cl i11 hrearlth 11.h1111t.
one or 0110 and a half inches, hright green above, paler and duw11y
heneath. The leaves arc rather thick m1cl their whole upper surfitce
is t.rnvcrscd by minute sunk veins prorluci11g a tcssclntcd nppcnra11cc;
011 the under side arc corrrsponcling depressions. The lcn,vcs hu.ve au
aromatic o<lor n11d n si111il11r taste with some bittcrnrs�.
Preparation .-Tlw dried leaves arc conrscly powdered nnd covered
with five parts by weight of'_ alcohol; having been pourccl into ii well­
stoppcrccl bottle, the 111ixture is allowed to rcmnin eight days in a
dark, cool place, being shnkcn twice a day. The tincture is then
poured oil; strni11cd and filtered.
Drug power of' tincture, r1tr-
Dilutions 111ust be prepared as directed under Class IV.
MELASTOMA ACKERMANN!.
Synonym, Mclastornn Tnpixirica.
Nat. Ord., l\[clasto11mecro.
Common Name, Tnpixirica.
Thi� i� a hush with round branches, triangular at their extremities,
nud coverecl with a brownish bnrk. The leaves are opposite, supported
by short and hairy petioles; their limb is oval, reticulate, covered wit.h
stiff hair,;, nnd traversed on the lower surface by five thick, almost
p:trnllel, 11en·c:;, running from the bnsc to the summit of the leaf. The
floll'ers arc sessile, supported by terminal axes. This bush is a native
of tropical Arncrica. . MELOE MAJALIS.
Introduced into our Matcria Medica by Dr. Mure, Bra1.il.
Preparation.-The fresh leaves are chopped to a pulp nnd weighed.
Then two parts by weight of alcohol are taken, the pulp mixed with
one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol added. After stirring
the whole well nnd pouring it into a well-stoppered bottle, it is nllowcd
to stand eight dn.ys in n. dnrk, cool place. The tincture is then separ­
ntcd by decanting, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, t
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
MELILOTUS.
Synonym, l\[clilotus Alba, Lamarck.
Nat. Ord., Lcgurnioos:-c.
Common Names, White Mclilot. Sweet Clover.
This plnnt is indigenous to Europe, where it is found along roadsides
and in cult.ivatcd fields; it hns been partly nntumlizccl in the United
, 'l,ntcs. 1t is three to six foct high, leaves trifoliatc, with smooth, en­
tire, awl-�hapccl stipules; the len.flcts truncate, the upper 01ws la11cco­
late. The flowers nrc in one-sided racemes, white and very fragrant.
Preparation.-'fhc fresh flowers arc pounded to n pulp and
weighed. Thou two parls by weight of alcohol arc taken, the pulp
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 305
·· mi;ed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, nnd the rest of the alcohol
added. After stirring the whole well, ancl pouring it into n well­
stoppered bottle, it is nllowed to stand eight days in a dark, cool place.
' The tincture is then separnted by decanting, straining and filtering.
Amount of drug power, t.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
MELILOTUS OFFICINALIS, Willd.
Synonym, Trifolium Officinale.
Nat. Ord., Lcguminos::c.
Common Names, Ycllow lV[elilot. Sweet Clover.
This plant is indigenous to Europe, but is naturalized in the United .
States. Stem upright, two to four feet high, leaves trifoliate; l�flets
obovate-oblm�g, obt�1se, dentate, Corolla yellow and very fragrant ,J.
Preparation.-fhe fresh .flowers are pounded to a pulp · . n11-
,.. weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol are taken, the pulp � _-, ·
mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it,. and the rest of the ;
alcohol added. After having stirred the whole well, and poured it into
a well-stoppered bottle, allow it to stand eight days in a dark, cool
place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and
filtering.
Amount of drug power, ¼-
Dilutions must be prepared a8 directed under Class III.
Synonym, Mcloe Proscarabrous.
Class, Insecta.
Order, Coleoptcra.
Family, Vesicantia.
Common Name, Oil-Beetle. (This must not be confounded with
the common May-beetle, Scarab::cus Melolantha.)
-'l;'he meloe proscarnb::cus is ,rithout wings, nu inch or an inch and n
half long, and about as big as n finger. It is soft, with the heacl bent
downwards as is that of the cantharis; antcnn::c moniliform, of twelve
joi,nts, corslet almost rounded and flexible, punctatecl elytrro which
cover scarcely one-half of the oval abdomen. The color of the head,
feet and abdomen verges on reddish. The fore feet have five, the
hind feet four joints.
The meloe majalis is the smaller of the two; its body is coppery-red,
or bronze-black; the elytr::c are black-green, and the back is furnished
,with red incisions.
The two kinds have a disagreeable odor, and emit, when seized, an
acrid, yellowish humour, staining the fingers, and smelling something
like the violet, of a sweetish taste at first, then acrid and caustic, and
causing an itching and blister-like eruption on the skin.
These insects are found all over Europe in the spring, on the grass,
low plants, on dry meadows and sunny hills. They have to be gath-

300 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
ered with great care, so that the juice which they emit will not get
Jost, and they should at once be p]acecl in the vessel in which they nre
to be kept.
Preparation.-The living insect carefully put into the glass used
for the pharmaceutical preparation, so as not to lose any of the juice, is
drenched with five part.a by weight of alcohol, and macerated eight.
days, being shaken twice a day. The tincture is then poured off,
strnincd nml filtered.
Amount of drug power, llf•
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV..
MENISPERMUM CANADENSE, l.Ann.
Synonym, Cissampelos Smilacina.
Nat. Ord. , Menispermacere.
Common Names, Yellow Parilla.. Canadian Moonseed. Vine
Mnplc.
This is a climbin� indigenous plant, growing on the banks of
streams. The root or rhizome is long, and has a bitter taste. Leaves
peltatc near the edO'c, three to seven angles or lobes. Flowers whitish
or greenish-yellow; in axillary panicles, appear in June and July.
Acpnls four to eight. Petals six to eight, short. Stamens twelve to
twenty in the sterile flowers, as long as the sepals; anthers four-celled.
Pistils two to four in the fertile flowers, raised on a short common re­
ceptacle; stigma broad nod flat. Drupe globular, having the mark of
the stigma near the bnse, with a laterally flattened stone (putnmen),
crescentic or ring-shaped. Drupes ripen in September, looking like
frost grapes.
Preparation.-The fresh root is chopped and pounded to a pulp
and weighed 'fhen two parts by weight of alcohol are taken, and the
pulp mixed thorou�hly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the
alcohol added. After stirring the whole well and pouring it into a
well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand eight days m a dark,
cool place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and
filtering.
Drug power of tincture, ¼.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
MENTHA PIPERITA, Hudson.
Synonyms, Mentha Hercina. :Mentha Viridi Aquatica.
Nat. Ord. , Labiatro.
Common Name, Peppermint.
This plant is found growing in wet places in Europe nnd North
America, and is also cultivated. It is perennial, and increnses by
throwing out runners. Stem purplish, four-nngled, about three feet
high. Leaves dark green, opposite, on long petioles, sharply serrate,
ovate-lanceolate. Flowers pale purplish-red, in spikes, oblong or cylin­
drical• and obtuse; appear in August and September. Fruit four
separable achenia.
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
It was proven by Dr. Demeures, France.
Preparation.---:Thc fi.-c.;J! pJnnt, in flower, is chopped and pounded
to n. pulp and we!ghcd. I hen two part.a by weight of alcohol are
taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it and the
rest. of the alco�ol. added. After having stirred the whole 'well, and
h_avmg pou�ed 1t mto a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed to stand
eight days m a dark, cool pince. The tincture is then separated by
decanting, straining and filtering.
Amount of drug power, ! .
Dilutio�s must be prepared as directed under Class III.
MENYANTHES.
Synonyms, Mcnyanthes Trifoliata, Linn. Trifolium Amarum.
Nat. Ord., Gentianacere.
�o.mmon _ Nan:ies, Buckbean.. Marsh Trefoil. ,v ater Shamrock.
!111� 1s a pcrcnmnl p1a1!t, growmg in North America, Europe nncl
Asm, m sw�mps, on margms of ponds, etc. It has a fleshy rootstock
about ns tluck nR a finger, black and descending deep into the earth
i;tcm eight _to twelve inches high. _Leaves on long footstnlks, trifoliatei
leaflets sessile, obovate. Flowers m a terminal pyramidal raceme, on
n long, naked peduncle. Corolla rotate, flesh-colored, bearded in the
tube.
The clrug wns firat proven by Hahnemann.
Preparation.-The fresh plant, just coming into bloom, is chopped
nnd pounded to a pulp, enclosed in a piece of new Jinen and subjected
t�. pressure. The exprcsse? juice is then, by br!sk agitation, mingled
"1th nn e9ual part by weight of alcohol. Tins mixture _
_ is allowed
to stand eight days m a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place,
and then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, j.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class I.
MEPHITIS.
Synonyms, Mephitis Putorius. Viverra Putorius.
Class, Mammalia.
Order, Carnivorn.
Family, MusteJidre.
Common Names, Skunk. Polecat.
. The polecat is a quadruped of the family of martins, inhabiting the
United States; it is of the size of a martin; has a round head; snout
elongated, three-rowed moustaches on the upper jaw, a dry nose and
the neck a little marked. It.� coat is black, but has a white streak
along the back to the tail, nnd two other streaks on ench side parallel
to tlie first; the posterior part of it.a body is Jarger than that of tl1e
martin ; its tail is as if cropped, and furnished with long hairs, nearly
all white; the under part of the body is whitish; the fore part of the
feet elongated and fortified with five strong nails; near the anus there
308 HOMtEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
is, ns in nil the genus vivcrrn, a pouch whci:c folliculnr glnnds deposit
an unctuous mntter of such pungent and msupportnbl� odor! tl�ut nt
the npproach of the animal, nt the moment wheu he sqt!1rts th1s _ liquor,
a person inhnling its vapor is almost stifled . . The liquor 1s nearly
puriform, of :t deep yellow color, a'!ld has an ul_lm�cous o�or.
Preparation.-One purt by weight of the l1qu1d obt11,1ned from. the
nnnl glands of the animal is dissolved iu ninety-nine purts by weight
of nlcohol.
Amount of' drug power, Th•
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class VI-/3.
MERCURIALIS PERENNIS, Linn.
Synonyms, Cynocrambes. Mercurialis Montana.
Nat. Ord., Euphorbiace::e.
Common Name, Dog Mercury. . bu_t it should not in any case be higher than 300 ° C., the boiling
This plnnt is indigenous to Europe, where 1t oc?urs_ •� shn_dcd, moun­
tainous forests, on stony or moist ground. It 1s d1st!ngu1shed from
111.erwria ls annua (to which it is neitrly related, and wh1?h o�curs 1� o_re
i
frequently) by its creeping, knotty, articulate root, which 1s vert1c J­
i
J 1ttcly fibred on the joints; by its single, low, b lo1
� � leafless stem awl
.
the short-petiolate, serrated and short-haired, elhpt1c-lanceolate lcnv<•n.
Flowers appear in early spring.
Preparation.-The fresh plant, in flower, is chopped and pounde�l
to a pulp and weighed. Then two-thirds of that weight of a lcohol _ �s
t1tkcn, and having mixed it thoroughly with the pulp, the mixture 1s
pressed out lcgc artis in n piece of new linen, and filtered.
Amount of drug power, t
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class II.
MERCURIUS ACETICUS.
Synonyms, Mercurous Acetate. Hydrargyrum Aceticurn.
Common Name, Acctnte of Mercury.
Preparation of Acetate of Mercury.-A soh�tion of th _ � �itrntc
of mercury as is mentioned under the head .ft{ercuri1LS soltlbilu, 1s pre­
pared and clccomposcd by pure carbonate of so�la, dissolved i'!l twi?e
its weight of distilled water. The carbon11;te o! mm:cury_ obtained 111
this way is well washed, heated in a porcela111 dish_ w1tl� eight parts of
clistilled water to 100° C. (212° F.), and then acetic nc1d added gra?u­
ally till nil is dissolved. The hot filtered liquid yields after cool111g
scale-like, crystalline Jarninm, nacreous in appe�rance, and greas� to
the touch; they arc removed from the mother-liquor, wnshcr! rapidly
with diluted alcohol, dried between bibulous paper, and kept 111 bottles
well protected from light.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Pure acetate of mercury
is triturated as directed under Qlass VII.
HOMffiOPATHIC PHAR�IACEUTICS. 309
MERCURIUS AURATUS.
Preparation of Mercurius Auratus.-l\forcury is capable of
uniting ll'ith most other metals, forming compounds cnlled a111al,qa11UJ,
some of which arc liquid ll'hilc others arc solid. The lir]11id nrnnlgnms
111ay be regarded as �ol11tions of definite compounds in an excess of
rncrcury, for ll'hcn t-.hcy arc subjected to pr<•�surc between chamois
leather, 11wrc11ry cont.aining but a s111all amount of the other metal
passes through, leaving behind a solid amalgam, which has very fre­
l[UCntly a definite atomic constitution. A 11atil'C amalgam of gold is
found in small yellowish crystals, in the 1mtivc mercury of Mariposa,
in California. It contains f rom 39 to 41.6 per cent. of goli.l; its sp.
gr. is lfJ.47.
An amalgam, ll'hich hns been prescribed in Germany, may be pre­
pared hy addiug tll'o parts of mercury to one of gold leaf, in a closed
vessel with agitation; heat may be used to facilitate the amalgamation,
pomt of' mercury being about 350° C. (662 ° F.). The agitation is to
be kept up until the vessel has completely cooled, when the mass is to
be gently pre.•sed through chamois leather aud the residue trni1sfcrred
to a we! I-stoppered bottle.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Mcrcurius auratus, as
prepared al.Jove, is triturntcd as directed uutlcr Class VIL
MERCURIUS CYANATUS.
Synonyms, l\Iercuric Cya nide. Hydrargyri Cynnirlum. Cyanu-
return Jfyrlrnrgyric11111.
Common Names, Cyanide of Mercury. Cynnuret of Mercury.
Formula, Hg Cy 2 or Hg (CNh,
Molecular Weight, 2!i2.
Preparation of Cyanide of Mercury.-Dissolve five troy
ounces of fcrrocyanirlc of potassium in twenty fluid ounces of wnter,
and add the solution to four troy ounces of sulphuric acid diluted \\'ith
ten fluid ounces of water, previously placed in a glass retort. The re­
tort is to be connccterl ll'ith a recei_v cr containing ten fluid ounces of
water and three troy ounces of red oxide of mercmy. The mixture in
the retort is to be distilled nearly to dryness. Two fluid ounces of the
liquid in the receiver after the operation, are to be set aside, and to the
_remainder more reel oxide of mercury is to be added grndually until
the odor of hydrocyanic acid disappears. After filtering the solution,
the two ounces of the reserved li11uid are to be added to the filtrate
and the whole evaporat.ed in n, dark pince, that mercmic cyanide may
crystallize out. The crystals arc to be rlrierl aud placed in a well­
stoppered bottle protected from light, othcrll'ise they decompose and
become black.
Properties.-1\forcuric cyanitlc is in 1Yhitc, more or less l.rnnspnreut,
quadratic prisms and pyramids; the crystals nre without odor, and
have a sharp, nauseating, metal.lie, disagreeable taste. The snlt is
soluble in ten parts of cold, in two of hot water, and in tll'enty of
310 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
alcohol nt ordinary temperatures. The solutions do not nffect litmus
paper. It is not decomposed by sulphuric or 11itric ncid, nor by alka­
line hydrates or carbonutcs. Hydrochloric ncicl decomposes it with the
formation of mercuric chloride nnd hydrocynnic ncid; similarly n solu­
tion of the snlt when treated with hydrogen sulphide, gives a precipitate
of mercuric sulphillc (the black moclitic:ttion) and hydrocyanic acid .
The solution, when treated with :i solution of potassium iodide, gives n
yellow precipitate, which quickly changes Lo bright red, nnd is readily
soluble in excess of either reagent. 13y careful heating, the salt may
be decomposed into its constituents, the cy:111o�cn readily igniting and
burning with :t pinkish-purple fln111c; when mprdly heated, the liberated
cyanogen is changed into pnrncyanogcn, a carbonaceous body which re­
mains behind.
Tests.-In addition Lo the above described properties, the �nit,
when hcn,t,ccl 11pon platinum foil, should be dissipated without residue.
Mercuric cyanate, if present, is only slightly soluble in water, ancl its
solutio11 has an alkaline reaction with turmeric pnpcr; it can be trans­
formed into the cyanide by dissolving in boiling water, neutralizing
with hydrocy:111ic acid and recrystallizing.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-One part by weight of
pure cyanide of mercury is dissolved in ninety-nine parts by weight of'
distilled water.
Amount of drug power, rh•
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class V-(1.
Triturntiorrs of pure cyanide of mercury arc prepared ns <lirectcd
under Class VII.
MERCURIUS DULCIS.
Synonyms, Mcrcurous Chloride. Hy<lrnrgyri Chloridum Mite.
IIydrargyri Subchloridum. Hydrargyrum Chloratum Mite. Calo­
mclas. Mild Chloride of Mercury. Subchloride of Mercury. Sub-
muriatc of Mercury.
Common Name, Cnlomel.
Formula, Ilg 2 01 2 •
Molecular Weight, 471.
Preparation of Calomel.-Take of mercury 48 parts, of sul­
pl111ric acid 36 pnrts, and of sodium chloride 18 pnrt.C\. Boil half of
the mercury with the sulphuric acid on n sn1ul-lmth until a white,
dry mass is left. Adel to this, when cold, the remainder of the mer­
cury, in an carthcrrwarc morLttr, nncl rub together until they nre inti­
mately mixed. The sodium chloride is now to be ndded and all the
ingredients rubbed together till globules of mercury are no longer
visible, when the mixture is to be sublimed into a. roomy receptacle in
order that the sublimate may settle as a powder. The sublimate is to
be washed with boiling distilled· wnter ns long ns the washings give a
precipitate with ammonium hydrate, a.ud the precipitate is then to be
driccl.
· Properties.-Calomcl is nu o<lorless, tasteless substance, having no .
HOMCEOPATHIC. PHARMACEUTICS. 311
.�
influence on test paper. ,vhcn prepare,! by sublimation, it is in mbro­
scopic prismatic crystals, generally aggregated in masses. Its specific
gravity is from 7.2 to 7.25. By exposure to sunlight, it suffers nrtial
decomposition into metallic mercury and mercuric chloride, anJ it ac­
quires thereby a. grnyish tinge; when boiled with wnter, the same
change·takes place slowly, and cvc11 a mixture of calomel with sugar
contains, after some time, nn appreciable amount of the higher chlor­
ide. ,vhen heated, it sublimes in white vapors without undergoing
change. It is insoluble in water, alcohol nnd the ·implc soh·cnts.
Tests.-Citlomcl should volatilize completely (a residue shows fixed
impurities). A portion of c:domcl well shaken with ten volumes of
distilled water mrd throw11 upon a double filter previously moistcnccl,
should yield a filtrate which is not changed in appearauce by treat­
ment with hydrogeri. sulphide or silver nitrntc (absence of mercuric
chloride), and the filtrate, when agitated with dilute acetic acid,should
undergo no change when tested with hydrogen sulphide or silver ni­
trate (absence of ammonia compounds of mercury).
.A.lthough this drug hns been in the IIomroopnthic Mnterin 1\Icdicn
since Hahnemann's time, the first provings seem tu hnve been mnde by
Dr. D. S. Kimball, U. S.
� Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-Pure calomcl is triturn­
ted as directed under Clnss VII.
MERCURIUS IODATUS FLAVUS.
Synonyms, Mercurous Iodide. Hydrnrgyrurn Ioclntum.
J/,,, ('/,
Pro­
toiodide of Mcrcucy- Hydrnrgyrum Iodidum. Hydrnrgyrum loon- It,.
'tum Flavum. Hydrargyri Iodidum Viridc. Yellow Iodide of 1\fer-
cury. Green Iodide of Mercury. (,-
Common Name, Yellow Iodide of Mercury.
Formula, Hg 2 I 2•
Molecular Weight, 654.
Preparation of Yellow Iodide of Mercury.-Tnke48 parts of
mercury and 30 parts of' rcsublimcd iodine, mix the ingredients in n
mortar, and, with the addition of a. small amount of stronger alcohol,
triturate till the materials are thoroughly incorporated. After occa­
sional stirrings for two hours triturntc again, n11<1 forcihly, until the
ma.ss is almost dry. The mass is then to be rubbed up with sufficient
stronger nlcohol, nddcd graclually, 1111til" a 11niform thin pnstc is pro­
duced; this is to be thrown on a. filter nnd washed with Rt.rongcr nlco­
hol until the washings, when droppc1l into a large quantity of' wntcr,
no longer produce a permanent cloudiness. The residue is to he clrie1!
in the dark with the aid of a gentle heat, preserved i11 n well-stoppered
bottle and protected from light.
Properties and Tests.-Mcrc11rous iodiclc is a greenish-yellow,
odorless, tasteless powder, insoluble in watrr :111<1 alcolt0l in the cold,
and is completely dissipated by heating. Under the influence of light
it is decomposed with tolerable rapidity, mercuric iocliclc nnd metallic
mercury being produced, the color in such c:tscs becoming dark green
3]2 HOMCEOPATHIC PITARM ACEUTICS.
nil(! finnlly hhck. By slow hen.ting it is decomposed in the Rnme
n11u111rr, h11t hy 1t stro11ger nn<l more rnpid hcnl i11g, it f'nsrs to 1t hrnwn
f111id nm! is tinnily dissipater!. A portion of mcrcurnus iodide, when
agilated with alcohol and thrown upon n moistened filter, sho11Id
yield a filtrate which is scarcely chnnged by treatment with hydrogen
sulphide, nnd with silver nitrate should prod11ce only a faint opnl­
esccncc. A min11tc nmount of mercuric iodide is ndmissiblc, ns the host
washcrl prcp11ratin11s show, after two weeks' keeping, distinct traces of
the higher iodide.
It was first proven hy Dr. I. S. P. Lord, U. B.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Purc yellow iorlidc of'
mercury is triturale<l as directed under Clns.<, VII, care being taken to
protect from light.
MERCURIUS IODATUS RUBER.
Synonyms, l\[ercuric Iodide. Biuiodide of Mercury. Hydrar­
gyrum Bijoda1um Rubrum. Hydrargyri !odium Rubrum. Deu­
toiod11rct11m (Biniodidum) Hydrnrgyri.
Common Name, Re,\ Iodide of' Mercury.
Formula, IJg 1 2 •
Molecular Weight, 454.
Preparation of Red Iodide of Mercury .-A cold filtered so­
lution of twenty part!' of mercuric chloricle in 400 pruts of distilled
water ii; lo he mixed with a cold filtered solution of twenty-five part.<,
of potassium iodide in 100 of distilled wnter. The resulting precipi­
tate is to be thrown 11pon a filter, washed with cold distilled water and
dried at a gentle heat. The product is to be kept in a well-stoppered
bot.tic.
Properties.-Mcrcuric iodide is a fine, hc1wy, crystnllinc powder
of' a \'ivid scnrlct-rcd color, becoming yellow on hcnting nm! red again
when cooled. It is almost insoluble i11 water, but it dissolves in 130
parts of colcl 11111! in fifteen of hot 90 per cent. alcohol. It is somewhat
soluble in ether and rcndily in the fixed oils and chloroform. It is ex­
tremely soluble in solution of potassium iodide. Four parls of mer­
curic iodide arc soluhlc in one part of n hot concentrated solution of
potm,sium iodide, and when the double solution is allowed to cool, a
portion of the mercuric iodide separates out in small, reel octohcdrons;
frn111 the remaining fluid cnn ·be obtained by crystnllirntion, potn!-.�io­
nwrcuric iodide, 2KI, Hgl 2, 3H 2 O, in long, yellow prisms. The
lat,ter arc soluhlc in alcohol and ether. 1Vntcr dccomposrs them,
nhnut half the mercuric iodide separating out, an<l the liquid lhrn
yiclcls by evaporation a saline mass, regarded by Boullay ns 2KT,
Hg L 1 . In addition to the nbovc described properties, mercuric iodide
�hould show no residue after being sublimed from platinum foil (ah­
scncc of red lead nnd other fixerl compounds), and it should dil<solvo
cnmplctcly in hot alcohol (nhscncc of vcrmillion ).
Pro\'ings of this drug were made by the Americnn Provcrs' Union,
1856.
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 313
� Preparation for HomC"f'pathic· Use.-Pure red iodide of
mercury if! tritumtccl, nf! directed under Clni;s VIL
MERCURIUS NITROSUS.
Synonyms, Mcrcurous Nitrate (ncnrly neutral). Hydrargyrum
Nitric11n1 Oxyd11lntun1. Protonitratc of1\'lcrcury.
Common Name, Nitrntc ofJ\1.c•rcury.
Preparation of Nitrate of Mercury.-To twenty pnrts of pure
merc11ry, add, in a very flat porcelain dish, n. mixture of nine parts of
conccntrntrd nitric ncirl, of 1.2 sprC'ific g-rnvity, and twcnty-�cvcn pnrts
of distilled water; cover the mixture lightly, nud let it stnnd in a dark,
cool place until the formation of the white octohedrnl crystals, the salt
required, has ceased. From time to lime they arc taken off the mercury
upon whose surface they arc floating, after which wash them speedily
with a little nlcohol, nncl then dry them between byers of bibulous
pi1pcr; this done, they arc preserved in it wcll-stop Jcrcd bottle. The
\
crystals arc pcrmnnc11t in the nir, and arc perfoct y soluble in water
that hns hrru ll!'idulnlcd \\'ith n fow drops of nitric acid.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Pure nitrate of mer­
cury is trituratcd, ns directed under Cla!'S VIL
MERCURIUS PRlECIPITATUS ALBUS.
Synonyms, Dimcrcuroso-Allln1011iulll Chloride. Hydrnrgyrum
Ammoniatulll. ITydrnrgyri Ammonio-Chloridum. Hydrnrgyrum
PrrecipitJ1tum Allrnm.
Common Names, Amllloninted Mercury. 1Vhitc Precipitnte.
Formula, NI 1 2 Hg Cl.
Molecular Weight, 2!il.!i.
Preparation of White Precipitate.-To a solution of one part
of mercuric chloride in twrnly parts of hot distilled water, nrc to be
added nftcr cooling-, with conslant stirrinir, one nnd onc-hnlf pnrts of n 10
per cent. n111111011ium hydrate !'olution. The precipitate is to he thrown
011 ii filter, nncl n0,C'r all the fluid hns pnssrd through, wnshecl twice with
a lllixturc of ninety parts of dislillcd ,rnlcr with one of the ammonia.
The precipiL'ltr if' to he (!ricd at a gentle heat in a dnrk room.
Properties and Tests.-Dimercur-ammonium chloride is n white,
loose powder, or is in friable 111a!'!'f'S. lt is iu,.oluhlc i11 wntcr, nlrohol
and ether. By prolonged washing with col<! water or by contnct with
hot water, it turns yellow :incl is con,·crtf'rl into hydrated lri111ercur-11m­
moniu111 chloride. It is readily dis,;olnd by ncids. When treated
with potassium or sodium hydrate, it turns yellow and evolves fr ee nm­
mo11ia. By heating, it sublimes without decomposition (absence of
fixr1l !'alls).
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Pure ammoniated mer•
cury is trituratcd, ns directed u11dcr Class VIL
314 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
MERCURIUS PRJECIPITATUS RUBER.
Synonyms, Mercuric Oxide. lly<lrnrgyrum Oxydntum Rubrulll.
1-Iy<lrnrgyri Oxidum Hubrum. Ilydrargyri NiLrico-Oxidum. Oxy­
dum Hydrargyriculll. Red Oxide of l\Iercury. Peroxide of Mercury.
Common Name, Red Precipitate.
Formula, HgO.
Molecular Weight, 21G.
Preparation of Red Oxide of Mercury.-Six pnrts of niLric
acid nrc to be diluted with eight parts of water, nnd nine p:uts of mer­
cury arc to be dissolved in Lhc diluted acid, with the nid of n gcnLle
heat. After the solution is colllplcte, the whole is to he evnporatcd t1,
cl ry11e!<s. The rC's11 I ti11g dry 11111ss is to be rubbed to powder anti hcntcd
in tL shallow, porcelain dish until iwid vnpors cease to come oft'. It is
to he kcpL in well-stoppered bottles protected from light.
Properties.-\Vhen made as nbove directed, lllcrcuric oxide is a
yellowish-red powder, but ns found in commerce it is the product of
large c,:tnhlish111cnts nncl is in bright red� lustrous, crystalline scnlc,:,
which on powdering become ornngc-rcd in color, the tint being lighter
ns the powder is finer. "\Vhcn heated, this oxide becomes darker in
color and finally black, but upon cooling it resumes its original appear­
ance. AL less than a red heat it suffers decomposition with separation
of mercury and evolution of free oxygen.· Light nets upon it in n
similrtr m:111ncr, b11t only supcrficinlly. It is nearly insoluble in water,
and the resulting solution is weakly alkaline in reaction, has fl. mctnl­
lic tnstc, anti when treated with hydrogen sulphide Lurns brownish in
color.
Tests.-1\Iercuric oxide should sublime without residue when
heated in :t test-tube (absence of fixed salts), and shoulrl not giYc off
red fumes (nbscncc of nitrate), and when dissolved in nitric acid there
should be no residue; a. red, undissolved portion indicates vcrmillion
or other adultcr:ition, a brown one being probably due to plumbic per­
oxide, in which case the nitric acid solution will be precipitated white
by sulphuric acid.
It was first proven hy Hahnemann.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Purc red oxide of mer­
cury is trituratcd, as directed under Class VII.
MERCURIUS SOLUBILIS HAHNEMANNI.
Synonyms, A111111onio-Nitrntc of Merc1i'ry. Hydrnrgyrum Oxydu­
lat11111 Nigrnm. Jlydrnrgyrum Ox.ydulatum Nitricum AmmoniaLum.
This preparation is, according to Kane, dimercuroso-ammonium ni­
trate, (Hg) 2 H 4 N 2 (NO 3), H 2 O, or according to Mit.8cherlich, tri­
mcrcuroso-ammonium nitrate, (Hg 2)3 H 2 N 2 (NO 3 h, 2H 2O. It is not
1111 oxide, although the black mercurous oxide is formed whc,n a mercu­
rous salt is rlecomposcd by potassium or sodium hydrntc in excess. "\Vit.h
ammonia, however, the resulting precipitate is that whose formula is
given nbovc. Hahnemann abandoned this preparation, preferrin� to
it, in all. ca.�es, that of metallic mercury, mentioned as Jlfercuritts viv1ts.
HOMffiOPATFllC PHARMACEUTICS. 315
Nevertheless, ns there arc many who believe that metallic mercury is
not so efficacious as the uncertain ammonio-nitrntc, we give the method
recommended by lfnl111e111nn11 to obtain _it_.
. .
Preparation of Mercuriu� Solub1hs Hahn ema?ni--:-}�avu1g
_
purified the mercury, as clcscnbccl under mcrcunus ,·1vus, 1t 1s dis­ _
solved, cold, in strong nitric acid, which rcqui1_-C's many_ days; tlie salt
which results is dried 011 hlotting-pnpcr, aml tr1turnted ma glass mor­
tar for half an hour, adding one-fourth of its weight of the best alcohol.
The alcohol which has hC'cn con,·ertecl into ether is thrown aside, and
the triturntion of the 111crcurial is continued with fresh alcohol for half
an hour each ti111t•, until this fluid 110 longer hns th". smell of ether.
That bci1w done, the alcohol is rlccantcd and the salt dried on hlotting­
papcr, wh�h is rcnell'ed J�·om ti111c to ti111e. :'.. J'tcn�'nn)s it is tritur�t?d
_
for fl. t1uartcr of 1111 hour, 111 a glass mortar, \\'tth twice its weight of d1s­
tillcd wat�·r; tl�c clcn r fluid _is decanted_, the salt is ngain washed _by _it
second tnturntwn with _ a fresh quantity of water, the clem: fluid 1s
united to the preceding, and thus we have the aqueous solution of all
that the saline mnss contained of mercurial nitrate really saturated.
The re!;id1111m is composed of other mercurial salts, of chloride and
sulphate. Finally, this aqueous solution precipitates, by caustic am­
monia, the so-cnllecl blaclc oxide of merwry.
Properties.-Thc soluble mercury of Hahnemann is a Yelvet
black powder, has a slight metallic tast,c nnd is volatilized by heat,
with decompositio11; it contains J10 �1etallic globules. .
..
Preparation for Ho�reopath1c Use.-1\�erc�mus solub1h� Hah­
ncmanni, prepared accordrng to above formula, 1s tr1turated as directed
under Clnss VII.
MERCURIUS SUBLIMATUS CORROSIVUS.
Synonyms, Mercuric Chloride. Hydrnrgyri Chlorid�1m Corro­
sivum. Jlydrnrgyri Perchloridum. Uydrargyrum ]�1chloratum
Corrosiv11111. Corrosive Chloride of Mercury. Perchloncle of Mer­
cury. Bichloridc of Mercury.
Common Name, Corrosive Sublimate.
Formula, J [� Cl 2•
Molecular Weight, 271.
Preparation of Bichloride of Mercury.-Bo1I four parts of
mercury with �ix parts of �ulphutic acid, over a san�l-bath, unto dry­
ness. The white residue is to be rn bhcd when cold with three parL� of
sodium chloride in an earthenware mortar, and the mixture is then to
be sublimed by the aid of n gradually increasing heat. . .
Properties.-Corrosivc sublimate :rl1C'n prc1?arcd by rnp1d subli­
mation, forms white, transparent rndw-cryst:_dlmc _ mas�es; hy slo�v
sublimation it may he obtained in small, wl11tc, ghstcnmg, �-homb1c
crystals. It is without orlor, has :i rli,:agrncn.hlc, Al '.arp, metnlhc tnste:
and is a powerful irritant poison. It dissoh·cs 111 twelve pa!ts of
water at 20 ° C. (68 ° F.), in four parts at 80 ° U. (176° F.) and m two
of boiling water ; it is more soluble in alcohol, requiring only two and
316 HOMCEOP ATIIIC PHAR�f ACEU'l'ICS.
one-half' parts in the cold and one nod one-fourth part.� nt 100° C.
(212° F.), arnl it dissolve!:! almost ns readily i11 ether. \Vhc11 its solu­
Lio11s arc cvaporntcd small portio11s of t.hc co111pouncl nrc cnnicd off
\\'ith the vapor of the solvent. Its watery solutions arc weakly acid i11
reaction, but such reaction is neutralized when chlorides of the nlka­
lies arc present. The solid suhstnncc is not 1lffocted by light, but the
solutions arc decomposed with the liberation of hydrochloric acid and
cnlomel. Orgnnic substances such ns sugar, gum, extracts, rcsi11, etc.,
slowly decompose it. Its specific gravity is 5.4. The aqueous solutio11
when treat.eel with lime-water, or potassium or sodium hydrate, gi\·es a
yellow precipitate of mercuric oxide, and with silver nitrate a white
precipitate of silver chloride; with ammonia it yields the well-known
white precipitate of ammouiatcd mercury. Stannous chloride and
other reducing agents produce a separation of calomcl, a11d if in ex­
cc.."S, with the aid of heat, [jberate mercury in the metallic state. The
oxygen acids in general do not act upon the salt, and nitric and hy­
drochloric acids dissolve a considerable amount of it.
Tests.-Mcrcuric chloride should volatilize completely by heat (ti
residue shows fixed impurities); in six parts of alcohol or ether it
should dissolve completely and clearly (a residue is probably cnlomcl).
Arsenic, if preseut, may be detected by addiug potassium hydrate in
exc('::is, then some frngmcnts of pure zinc, 11nd loosely closing the test­
tube with a cork into whose inner face is inserted a strip of filtering
paper moistened with silver nitrntc solutiou; upon heating the tC'st­
tuhc the appcn.rnncc of a black spot upon the poper indicates arsenic.
lt was introduced into our Materin. l\1cdicn. by Hahncmnnn.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Oue part by weight of
pure corrosive subli11mtc is dissolved in ninety-nine part.� by weight, of
alcohol.
Amount of drug power, nhr-
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed u11der Class Vl-/1.
Triturations are prepared, as directed under Class VIL
The n.lcoholic solution is to be preforrctl 011 account of its stability.
MERCURIUS SULPHURETUM NIGRUM.
Synonyms, Illn.ck Sulphurct of Mercury. 1Et.hiops Miucrnlis.
Hydrargyrnm Sulphuretum Nigrum.
A mi�t,11rc of black amorphous sulphide of mercury, Ilg S, \rith
sulphur 111 liugc excess. . free and is volatilized; by specinl arrangements Yorying in different
PreParation
_ of .lEthiop� Mineralis.-Eq11al ports of pmc
mctall1<· mcn-ury and pure Rubl11ncd sulphur arc to h<' triturntcd tn­
gethcr wi_th 1:epcntcd sprinkling with alcohol to prevent the rising of'
_
dust, 1111til 1�•1th :t lens no metallic
globules are observable.
Propertles.-.iEthi�>ps mineral is n. fine, heavy, black, odorless oncl
tnstelc�s powder, nnd 1s not soluble in wnter or hydrochloric ncirl.
_When heated in the air it ignites, exhibit.ing the olue flnmc of hurn­
�ng sulphur and with _sublimntion of mctollic mercury; when hcnt.cd
Ill ii test-tube mcrcunc sulphide (reel) sublimes anrl con<lcnscs in the.
colrtpart of the tuhc. 1Vhen boiled with hydrochloric acid the acid
HOi\lCEOPATHIC PJ r ARM ACEUTICS. 317
iiquid should give no precipitate when thrown into water (absence of
antimony).
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The pure black sul­
phide of mercury is trituratcd as directed under Class VIL
MERCURIUS SULPHURICUS.
Synonyms, Mercuric Sulphate. Hydrargyri Sulplrns. Hy<lrar-
gyrnm 8ulphuricurn.
Common ·Names, Sulphate of Mercury. Persulphate of Mercury.
Formula, Hg 80 4 •
Molecular Weight, 296.
Preparation of Sulphate of Mertury.-Take of mercury by
weight, twenty ounces; sulphuric acid, twelve fluid ouuces. Heat the
mercury with the sulphuric acid in a porcelain vessel, stirring cou­
stantly until the metal disappears, then continue the heat until a dry
white salt rcmains.-Ilr. P.
Properties and Tests.-Mcrcuric sulphate is a white crystalline
powder, which benrs an incipient red heat without alteration, but melts
nt a higher temperature to a brown liquid, and is volatilized completely
with decomposition. "'hen treated with a Jorge amount of wotcr it is
resolved into a soluble acid salt and an insoluble basic one; with a small
quantity nf' water it forms n, hydrntc which crystallizes with one mole­
cule of water in colorlcss quadratic prisms.
It wns first proven 1111dcr Dr. Neidhnrd's direction, United States.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Purc sulphote of mer­
cury is triturated as directed under ()lnss VII.
MERCURIUS VIVUS.
Synonyms, Hydrargyrum. Argentum Vivum. Mercury.
Common Name, Quicksilver.
Symbol, Hg.
Atomic Weight, 200.
Origin.-Mcrcury occurs in nature in the free state in very smoll
quantity; its chief ore is cinnabar, a. sulphide of the metal which is
found in Almaden in Spain, in Idria in Austria, in Peru, in China aud
in New Almaclen in California.
Preparation.-By roasting the ore the sulphide sublimes and the
vnpor hcing ignited hy flame let into the chnmber, the mercury is set
countries, the vaporizccl mercury is condensed nnd collcctecl in t,he liquid
state. The ore is nlso distilled with lime or with blacksmiths' scales, in
closcrl vessels.
Metallic mercury comes in commerce in iron bottles or flasks, each
holding nbout seventy-five pounds, nnd is contaminated with small
amouuts of other metals; it has to he purified by rcdistillation or
by prolonged digestion with a mixture of equal parts of nitric ncid
and distilled water. The contaminnt.ing mctnls are thus oxidized and
dissolved, n.nrl the mercury is separated from the acid solution, well
washed with water, and dried hy means of bibulous paper.
318 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Properties.-Mercury is a brilliant silver-white metal, which is
Jiquicl at or<liuary temperatures, but when cooled to - -10 ° C.(- 40° F.)
soli<lifics to a tin-like mass, which is easily cut and hnn1111cred; it is
then crystalline in structure, the crystals being regular octohc<l rons.
In the pure state it does not adhere to glass, but when contaminntcd
with other metals it drags upon glass or" tails." It is slightly rnlatilc
at ordinary temperatures, and when heated to 350 ° U. ( GG'.2 ° F.) it boils,
yielding a colorless vapor. It is uualtcrnblc in the nir, the fil111 of'tci.
seen upon specimens of the metal being due to the presence of an
amalgam with other metals; it readily unites with other 111etnb, .such
alloys being called amalgams. Heated to its boiling point in the air,
it slowly oxidizes, forming the re<l or mercuric oxide. :Mercury is not
nitnckcd by hydrochloric or dilute sulphuric acid, hut is di�solvccl
readily by boiling strong sulphuric acid nnd by dilute uitric acid. It
corn bines with chlorine, bromine, iodine and sulphur.
The purity of the metal may be in general assured by its pn8scssing
the characteristics above given. When a portion of the mclnl is agi­
tated with a solution of fenic chloride fr ee from ferrous chloride, and
the metal then separated from the chloride, the latter, on the additi<1n
of potassium ferrocy:ini<le, should not give a blue precipitate; such
change, if present, is dependent upon the presence iu the mercury of
a foreign mctnJ, which hns reduced the ferric compound to the fe rrous
state.
It was introduced into our Materia Medica by Hahnemmm.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Pure mercury is tritu­
rntcd, ns cl irected under Class VII.
MEZEREUM.
Synonyms, Daphne Mezereum, Linn. Chamredaphne. Chnm::clia
Germanica. Coccus Chamclacus.
Nat. Ord., Thymelaccre.
Common Names, Mezcreon. Spurgc·Olivc.
This is a small shrub, three or four feet high, native of Northern
and Central Europe. Its leaves are deciduous, without petioles, ob­
ovate-lanccolatc; light green, nearly glaucous bc!11cath. Flowers rose
red in color, fragrnnt, in small clusters. The bark, which is the pnrt
used in medicine, comes in long strips, about half' an inch wiclc and
less than a line in thickness. These strips arc folc!Pcl all(l aJTangPcl in
bunrllcs, or rolled in flat masses, with the inner surface of the bark
presenting externally. The outer surface is yellowish-brown or paler,
and has a shining coppery appearance. It is dotted with many small,
black, wart-like elevations. The pale green outer bark is readily sepa­
rable from the corky layer. The inner surface is hairy in appcnrnnce,
silky and whitish in color. In the dry state it is without odor, and
possesses an acrid, burning taste.
It wns first proven by Hahnemann.
Preparation.-The fresh bark, gathered in early spring before the
flowers appear, is chopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 319
two-thirds by weight of alcohol are taken, the pulp well mixed with it,
aud theu strained lege arti.3 through a piece of new linen. This tinc­
ture is then poured into a well-stoppered bottle, and allowed to stand
eight days iu a dark, cool place and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, L
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class II.
MILLEFOLIUM.
Synonyms, Achillea Millefolium, Linn. Achillea Myriophylli.
Nat. Ord., Composit::c.
Common Names, Yarrow. Milfoil. Nose-bleed.
This common perennial hcrli is found growing in olcl fields, on the
borders of woods, etc., in both North America and Europe. It is
about a foot high, stem furrowed. Leaves bi-pinnatifid; segments
linear, dentate, mucronate. Flowers white, in a dense, flat-topped
corymb at the summit of' the stem; they have au agreeable pungent
taste and smell. Flowers from Junc to Sep tern her.
The drug was proven by Ncnning, Germany.
.
Preparation.-The fresh plant, gathered when flowering bcgms
and before the stems arc ligneous, is chopped nnd pounded to n pulp
a.ncl then pressed out lege arti.s in a piece of new linen. The cxpresse<l
juice is by brisk agitation mingled with an equal part by wCJght of
alcohol. This mixture is allowed to stand eight days iu a well-stop­
pered bottle, in a dark, cool place, ancl then filtcrccl.
Drug power of tincture, ½.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
MIMOSA HUMILIS, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Legurninosrc.
This species, which is one of the smallest of the genus mimosa, is
found in the prairies around Rio Janeiro. I� stem is feeble, �-athcr
woody, rnmose, pubescent above 51nd cov?re<l with ver)� shaq� pnckles. _
The leaves are bipiunate, the pmnre bemg three or four-pmrcd, with
small linear foliolr.s, which close a.t the least contact; there nrc from
six td twelve on each side of the spike. The flowers arc small, sessile,
forming pretty silky tufts of a_ violet color.. The_ f uit is somewhat
r
triangular flnttcnccl. covered with long mul stiff hmrs, and surrounded
by a persi�teut pcri�itrp, divided iu two capsules, each of which con­
tains one seed.
It was introduced into our Materia Modica by Dr. Mure, Brazil.
Preparation.-The fresh leaves arc chopped and pounded to a pulp
and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, the
pulp mixed with one-six�h part of it, and the rest _of _the alcohol
added. After having stirred the whole well, pour 1t mto a well­
stoppered bottle, and let it stand eigh� days i1! :1- dark, cool_ place.
The tincture is then separated by decantmg, strnmmg and filtering.
· Drug power of tincture, t.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.

320 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
MITCHELLA REPENS , Linn.
Nat. Ord., Rubiacem.
Common Names, Checker Berry. Partridge Berry. Squaw
Vine.
This plant must not be confounded, on account of its popular name,
with the Gmillheria procumbens. It is a small evergreen indigenous
plant, with a creeping stem. Leaves round, ovate, petiolate, shining,
dark green and furnished with minute stipulcs. Flowers in pairs on
the double ovary. Corolla funnel-shaped, generally four-lobed, hairy
withill, white or tingecl with red, very fragrant. Fruit a drupe com­
posed of the united ovaries. Flowers in June and July.
It was first proven by Dr. T. C. Duncan, United States.
Preparation .-Thc fresh plant is chopped and pounded to a pulp
nnd weighed. Then two p1trts by weight of alcohol arc takcll, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the
alcohol ndded. After having stirred the whole well, pour it into a
well-stoppered bottle and let it stand eight days in a dark, cool place.
The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, i.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clasa III.
MOMORDICA BALSAMINA, Linn.
Synonym, Balsamina.
Nat. Ord., Cucurbitaccro.
Common Name, Balsam Apple.
This plant is a native of the East Indies, hut is sometimes culti vatcd
in this country. It is an annual, and is climbing in its habit. The
fruit somewhat resembles a cucumber, is ovate, narrowed at each end,
obscurely ridged, with wart-like elevations, is orange-colored or orangc­
rcd, aud separates by lateral division. The seeds arc numerous, flat,
oval, brownish and wrinkled, enclosed in the fleshy reel arillus.
It was proven under the direction of Dr. A. Mercier, United Rtatcs.
Preparation .-The ripe fruit is chopped and pounded to a pulp
nnd pressed out lege artis in n. piece of new linen. Tho expressed juice
is then, by brisk agitation, mingled with an equal part by weight of
alcohol. This mixture is allowed to stand eight days in n. well-stop­
pered bottle, in n. dark, cool place and then filtered.
Amount of drug power, ½.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
, MONOBROMATUM CAMPHORlE.
Synonym, Camphora Monobromata.
Common Names, Monobromatcd Camphor. Bromatecl Camphor.
Formula, C 10 H 15 Br 0.
Molecular Weight, 231.
Preparation of Monobromated Camp hor.-Into a large tubn­
lat�cl retort, whose neck has been closed, pince 13 ounces of camphor,
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 321
'I.broken in.to small pieces, and then bring the neck into a somewhat erect
position; by using a funnel-tube passing through the tubulure, four
ounces of bromine are to be introduced into the retort, the Inst portion
of the bromine being washed clown with about half :t dmchm of alcohol.
A marked reaction will begin in fifteen or a fow more minutes, and after
its subsidence and the complete cooling of the retort, four successive
adllitions of an ounce each of bromine arc to be made; n fresh addition
is not to be made until the reaction froll1 the previous one hns ended.
When the last addition of bromine has been made, and the resulting
reaction bas •subsided, the retort is to be gradually mid cautiously
heated to 130 ° C. (266° F.) and then the contents, after being par­
tially cooled, are to be dissolved in warm pcl,roleu111-hellzinc and the
solution set aside to crystallize. The crystals arc to be collected in n
funnel •and purified by re-solution and crystnllization i11 lhe benzine.
Monobrom-camphor is in colorlcss trnusparcnt prisms, having n.
camphor-like odor and taste. They arc easily soluble in alcohol, ether
and· chloroform and in less than their own volume of hot petroleum­
ether; they' are somewhat soluble in glycerine, and not nt all in water.
The crystals fuse at 65 ° C. (149 ° F.) aud at 270 ° C. (518 ° F.) they
boil, but suffer partial decomposition.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Monobromatecl camphor
is triturated as directed under Class VII.
MONOTROPA UNIFLORA, Linn.
Synonym, Monotropa Morisoniana.
Nat. Ord., Ericacem.
Common Names, Indian Pipe. Bird's Nest. Corpse Pinnt.
Ice pk.nt.
This is a.low and fleshy herb, found in dark and rich woods from
Maine to Carolina and westward to Missouri. The clustered stems
spring from a ball of matted fibrous rootlets, furnished with scale-like
oract.s in place of leaves; the flowering summit at first nodding, in
fruit erect. The plant is smooth, dirty white (turning black in dry­
ing), inodorous, with a single sessile, nodding, fiYc-petnlcd tlowcr at
the summit; the calyx of two to four irregular scales or bracts; nnthers
transverse, opening by two chinks; style short am! thick; stigma nnked.
It flowers from June to September.
Preparation.-The whole plant in flower is chopped and pounded
to a. pulp and weighed. Then two pnrt.<; by weight of alcohol arc tnken,
the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it,and the rest of the
alcohol added. After havinlf stirred the whole well, pour it into a
well-stop,Pered bottle, and let 1t stand eight <lays in a dark, cool pince.
The tincture is.then separated by decnuting, straining nncl filtering.
.A.mount of-drug power, t.
Dilutions niust be prepared as directed under Class III.

322 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
MORPHIUM.
Synonyms, Morphium Purum. l\Iorphin.
Common Name, l\lo rphinc.
Formula, C 11 HIP N0 3 , n� 0 .
Molecular Weight, 30
Preparation of Morph,�Ten part.� of opium nre to be digested
with three volumes of boiling er for half nn hour; the liquid is
then strn.ined, and the residue, 11 1.er being e xpressed, is ngniu twice
treated with water in the snme way. The united liquids nre to be
boile d down to half their bulk nnrl then stirred into n boiling milk of
lime m:-ule from caustic lime whose weight is equal to one-fourth thn
amount of opium taken. The mixture is to he boiled for n ']Uartcr of an
hour and then strained nnd the calcareous residue ngain twice bbilccl in
twcnty-fh-c parts of wnter. The whol e of the lime-bcnring liquors arc
now to be boiled <lown to twenty parts and mixed at the boiling tem­
perature with one part of ammonium chloride; the heat is kept up for
nu hour, or as long as ammonia is given off, the liquid is theu nllowctl
to cool, and :tftcr eight da.ys the mo rphia, which separates in the fo rm
of brown granules, is to be collected. The mother liquor yields
another crop if further boiled down und lefb to itself. The J)roduct is
purified by washing in cold wat er, solution in hyd rochloric acid,
repe:itcd boiling with e xcess of milk of lime and precipitation with
ammonium chloride.
Properties.-Morphia is in short, colorlcss, transparent, or white
glistening prisms, whose tnstc is tolerably bitter aud whose re action is
alknliuc. They arc solubl e in 1200 parts of cold and in 500 of hot
water, in from forty-five to fifty of cold and thirty of hot 90 per cent.
alcohol. They arc almost insoluble in ether, benzol, petroleum-ether,
and the fixed oils, and 150 parts of chlorofo rm are re!)uired to take up
one of morphia. It neutrnlizes n.cicls completely nm\ forms thereby
crystallizahle salts. Morphia is readily soluble in the fixed alknlics
and in lime-water, less so iu ammonium hydrate or carbonate. When
heated, morphia melts with the loss of it-, wnter of crystnlliz11tion, nnr\
on cooling solidifies to a radio-crystalline mass. By stronger henting
it carbonizes and finn.lly burns without residue. Dry morphin h11s 11
very slight tnstc, but it.'l solutions nrc bitter. Its salts arc soluble in
water n.nd in alcohol, hut not in ether.
Tests.-The impurities thn.t rrnty he present in morphia 11rc nnr­
cnt.in, lime, n.nd magnesium nnd nmmonium compounds; nllfl ns adul­
terations, other alkn.loids, Rn.li'cin, :rngar of different kinrls :rnd salts of
ammonium. \Vhcn a smnll port.ion of the nlkn.loid is hurncd 011 plati­
num foil there shonl<l remain 110 nsh (n.hsencc of lime nnrl mno-nesia).
When to 0.1 gram in n. test-tuhe n.re added 1.5 to 2 grams of ca�stic al­
kaline hydrate solution, there should result n clea r, colorless or almost
color!ess solution (n. brown colorntion indicates the presence of glucos e,
and tncomplctc �olubility some foreign n.lkn.loid, c.<,pecinlly narcotin).
From th e alkn.lirre solution 11mmonin. g11s shoulrl not he evolved
(absence of salts of ammonium). In a test-tube is to h e place_d 0.1
. . ...
HOMCEOPATITIC PTIARMAUfW'J'J(;S. 323
gram of morphia, and ther e arc to be poured upon it nbout 3 CC. of
concentrated, sulphuric acid and Lhe mixUtrc slighLly agitated. The
resultina solution should be ·colorlc.«s, nnJ only nfler long stnnding
should 1J1 e colo r become tinged with red ( narcein, thchain, gi\·c with
concentrated sulphuric ncid a red solutiorr, pscudomorphinc n green
one, and cane-sµgar and milk-sugar cause the solution to become black­
ish). Finally, the solution in sulphuric ncid is to be tested by Httf!C­
°
mann's method; the solµtiou is hentcd to nho11t 150 C. (302 F.),
°
and the addition of n little nitric acid cause.<; the color t<i become vio­
let-blue, changing quickly to blood-red, and nftcr some time to d eep
orange.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Purc morphia is tritu-
rated, ns directed under Clnss VII.
MORPHIUM ACETICUM.
Synonyms, l\1orphire Acetns. l\forphinum Ac eticum.
Common Name, Acetate ofl\forphin.
Formula, C 11 H 10 N0 3 , C 2 H i 0 2 , H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 363.
Preparation of Acetate of Morphia.-Purc morphia is to be
dissolved in dilute acetic acid \\'ith the ni<l of a g�1tle hent, the sol11-
tion placed in a flat dish set nsi<le in n warm pince nnd evnporntcd
tin a friable mass is produced.
Properties and Tests.-Acctate of morphia is n \rhitc po\\'dc r .
It h ns a bitte r taste, a wenk 11cctous odor and its renction is barely
alkaline. It is soluble in twenty-five parts of cold nnd in two of boil­
ing water, in forty-five of cold and in two of boiling nlcohol; it is in­
soluble in ether. Upon keeping, it slowly loses ncetic ncid and thereby
it becomes more nlkaliuc in reaction and less soluble in \\'ater, and its
color dax:kens till finally it is brownish. It should then be redi��oh-cd
in dilute acetic acid and re-evaporated. Jts watery solutions nlso un­
dergo this change, becoming grnclunlly yellow nncl nt Inst brown in
color. It should leave no residue wherr heat ed on platinum foil. It
may be tested in the way clescrihc1l under the nrticlc l\forphin11m. It
¥1 to be noted, however, thnt n. specimen of the ncctatc kept for some
time will not give a colorless sol11tio11 with sulphuric acid, the eolor be-
ing yellowish.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-I'urc ncetntc of mor-
phia is triturated, as dircctecl under Clnf's VIL
MORPHIUM MURIATICUM.
Synonyms, Hydrochloratc of Morphia. Morphim l\forins. Mo r-
phire Hydrochloras.
Common Name, Muriate of Morphia.
Formula, cl 7 H 10 N 0 3 , HCI, 3H2 0 ·
Molecular Weight, 375.5.
Preparation of Muriate of Morphia.-This salt is readily p re-
 JlOMlliOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
pared by_ neutralizing dil �te hydrochloric acid with pure morphia, aucl
crystall1ztuq" by evaporating the solution.
�roi?ertles _ and Tests.-Tl)e hyclrocl_ilorate ofmorphin. forms fine,
"..lute, silky, ��1cular crystals ,�·h1eh arc without o<lor and ha.vc a very
bitter taste_. lh?y arc soluble 111 twenty part,, of water at medium tcn:­
p �rnturc.s, 1 1 1_ their own volume of ��iling water, in from sixty to seventy
c '._f cold :�nd 11'. ten or twelve of _ bod1�1g alcoh?I, and iu twenty of glyce·
1 n1c. I , he c1)_ st_n.ls -re perm,,ncnt m the :11r; hy heat they lose thci r
� when near the orifice often mixed with hairs. The grains hnvc n
water of_crrt:1ll1:,at1on, nncl at a high temperature arc consumed with­
out_ l::w111g- :'. result_1 e. The tests c!c.:cribcd for mo_rphia will apply to
_
tl 11 s_ �.tit. L_ f:s solutions when prcc1p1tatcd by tannm should redissolve
on the aclcl1t1011
_ 0 probably due
of HCI, any undissolved turbidity bei 1 w
to n:ircot,111.
�r.eparation for Homceopathic Use.-Purc muriate of mor­
_ with sheet-lea<l, each containing abont twenty-five sacs, separately
phm 1s tnl,urntcd, as directed uudcr Class VII.
MORPHIUM SULPHURICUM.
Synonyms, Morphiro Sulphns. Morphinum Sulphuricum.
Common Name, Sulphate of Morphia.
Formula, (C 11_H 10 N O�hH 2 S 0 4, 5H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 758.
Preparation ?� Sulphate of Morphia.-This salt may be prc­
pa1:cd by ncutr'.1-lizmg pure �lilutc
_ sulphuric acid with pure morphia,
pa,tly cvapo1:at11 �g tl�e solution 111 a warm place or over a, water-bnth
�nrl then sc�tmg 1 t aside to crystallize.
Properties and Te_sts.--Sulphate of morphia. crystallizes in tufts
_ are evidence of the fact mentioned, but when foreign bodies hiwc been
uf colorless prisms hav111g n. silky lustre. They arc solublo in two
parts of wn.tcr, less rca.dily in :dcohol. ,vheu heated tu 130° C.
(26G ° F.) th�y give �ff all their wn.ter of crystalliza.tion; the solutions
:ire ncutrn.l m renct10u. The usual tests for morphia npply to this
s:dt.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Purc sulphn. to of mor··
phin. is triturntcd, as clircctcd under Clnss VII.
MOSCHUS.
Synonyms, Moschus Oricntnlis. Moschus Tibct:rnus. Moschus
Tunquincnsis.
Class, 1\fammalia.
Order, Rumiuantia.
Family, Moschina.
Common Name, Music
A c� ri_ed pr cputinl secretion from Moschus moschiferu.�, Linn.
Ongm.-T1 , 1c mu_sk deer is found in mountn.inous regions nnd ele-
v:itcd platen.us m _ Asm, from India to Sibcrin.. The musk-sac is situatccl
on the abdomen of the mn.lc animal between the umbilicus and the
prcputial orifice, �nd directly in front of the latter. The bag or, snc is
oval, about two mches long and somewhat less in width, n.nd a.bout
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 325
half -an inch thick. The bag is made up of two coats, the external
one cuticular and hairy except on the upper surface; the lower surface
has an aperture about its middle, and to\\'ard this the stifl; appressed
hairs are directed. The inner cont, composed of muscnlar and
fibrous layers, is thin, somewhat transparent aud more or less veined,
and in the recent state is bright bro\\'n in color; its lining has
numerous depressions containing the secreting glands. l\f 11 sk is in
small, irregular grains or crumbs, <lark rcddish-brcnrn in color, and
somewhat unctuous lustre, :wcl when frrsh arc easily crnshccl. The
odor of musk is peculiar, very persistent, and is not agreeable except
�hen quite _faint; it is slight in the dry suhslancr, hut hy moisture
IS greatly mcreascd. The best variety of musk is the Tonquin,
from China and Thibet. It comes in smnll packages or boxes lined
wrapped in paper. When this variety of musk is brought into
commerce via Russia, it is called Russian or Siberian musk, and a
\Tariety coming from Siberia, cnlled Cnbnrdino musk, is found in flnt­
ter, more oval sncs, less covered with hnir nnd having a less musk-like
odor. Only Chinese musk should be used in medicine, aud it should
not be purchased except in the sacs; the bngs should be carefully ex­
amined for evidences of the substitution of an nrtifirinl :;:nc, made of a
portion of the hide of the nnimnl sewn to a. membrnnc. Here the ab­
sence of the centrn.l nperturc and of the circularly nrrnugcd hnirs sur­
ro11nding it, will at ouce expose the fraud. Sometimes genuine sncs
are cut open, a. portion of their contents removed nncl other �ubstnnces
substituted; the stitches which hold the edges of the i,lit, in apposition,
introduced through the natural opening there is uo means of detecting
this fraud before opening the bag.
Properties.-Good musk contains from 40 to 50 per cent. of con­
stituents soluble in water, and 8 to 10 per cent. of matt.en; !Soluble in 90
per cent. alcohol. It contains also fott.y, waxy, gelatinous nnd albu­
minous substances, various salts of the nlknlic•s nnd of the nlknline
earths, with traces of nmmonia, nm! 11 volatile oil.
The drug was proven ·oy Hahncmann.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-A tincture is made, ac­
cording to Altschul, of the "·hole bag, "·il.h dilute alcohol in the pro­
portion of one to twenty, the dilutions from which must be prepared as
dir.ected under Class IV, except; that dilute nlcnhol, in the proportion
of twenty to eighty, is used for the 1 and 2x dilutions.
Triturations are prepared as directed under Class VII.
MUREX PURPUREA.
Synonyms, Murex Brundaris, Buchner. Purpurcn. Patuln.
Class, Mollusca.
Order, Gnsteropoda.
Family, Muricidre.
 32G HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMA
CEUTICS.
HOMCEOPATHIC PIIARMACEUTICS. 327
This sea-sn ai l is found in large
and Mediterran ean Seas Th ,]qun.ntif o _
· !� n t I 10 coasts of the Adriatio Drug power of ti ncture,¼.
c
the heart and l iver and doC: o �Illig J t11co is lodged in a bag between Dilutions must be prepared as directed u n der Class III.
when taken out' but appears asno a ways possess the lino red colo• r
riqu1·d' grndu:ill y reddening whe a tough ' viscid ' col . orless or greenish' MYRISTICA SEBIFERA, Swartz.
Preparatw n.-Tl1e £res'1 JUie .n . eXJJosct! to tl10 au..
Cl ass VIII. e is tritumted, as directed und
er Synonym, Virola Sebifora, Atiblet.
A solution of the third tr1· turat1on . Nat. Ord., l\fyristicace.."C.
red color. i n wn.ter still s h ows a fine rose
• Common Name, Brazilian Ucnnha.
T:.iis tree is �'ound in the provinces <,f Para and Rio Negro. The
MURURE LEITE. tree is of some height, and the trunk and branches are covered with
Resin obta_ined from Yiehetea Offi ·a thick, brownish and reticulate bark. Leaves alternate, oblong, cor­
Preparation -Tl cinal is. date, rather tomcntoso on their lower s11rf'aco, and supported by short
· ·s · 1
Introduced in t� ou/if::.:�i:L t��� nt· �d, ns _di rectcd tt1 nd�r Class VII. petioles. Flowers in tufted pnniclos, rnmosc, arising from the axils
ca uy D 1. l\ 1 uro, .urnz1l. of the leaves or the extremities of the branches; they are dioocious,
with a simple, urceolatc perigonc having three divisions. Male flowers
MYGALE LASIODORA. with six stamens, the filaments of which are nit.ached to each other,
Synonym, Mygale Lasiodora and are in serted iu a glandular disk. The female flowers a,re smaller,
Cubnna. one unilocular ovary, style wanting, stigma bilobcd. Capsular berry,
A large bin.ck Cuban Spider.
I t was p ro�en under di rection of with two valves, contnining an oleaginous seed, surrounded by an aril
p reparation -The liv • . D.r. John G · Houard, U111·ted ,States. erenated above.
sect is crushed and_ co�ered with
pa.rts by weight. of alcohot · It was introduced into our l\fa,tcria l\fedica by Dr. Mure, Brazil.
a' ��
. cl allowed to �-ema m eight day five
"·ell -stoppered bottle in 1l, c
s in a Preparation.-Tho fresh, red juice, obtained by pun cturing the
The tin cture is then p'ou1 �d � ff, � �o.l p l aee, boi mg shaken twice a day. bark, is triturated accordiu? to Class VIII.
st1 nmecl and f 1l tered
A?10t!nt of druO' power, i ·
D1lut10ns must be prepared ll"
as directed under Cl MYRTUS COMMUNIS, Linn.
ass IV.
MYRICA CERIFERA, Nat. Ord., Myrtacerc.
Linn. Common Name, Myrtle.
Nat. Ord. , Myricacero. This shrub is a native of Southern Emope. Leaves opposite, oblong­
Common Names ' nayberry.
Carn 11 ° Bony. Sweet Gale. ,va ovate, shin'i n g, smoo th, from one to two inches lon g, on short petioles
n1yrtlc. x- and pellucid-punctate. Flowers white, solitary, axillary, man y sta­
This is an indigenous shrub four to . . . mened. Fruit a two-celled, bluish-black berry, with four or five seeds
ab1111dn 1 1cc :d ong the sea-shore, an cigI I t f'cct I 11gh , growing 111 great
< I also near J ,alrn Frie in each cell. Leaves, Oowors nil(] fruit arc fragrant.
n ate, g I auro
,. us, eun eate-oblon un<lula I , . Le.aves a Itcr- Preparation.-The fresh, flowering shoots 1111<1 leaves arc ch opped
ous-punctate, and emitting fi�grnn ,�1;��11�at� t<ta rl�� the ape�, l'?Sin­ and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of
the sterile ones in cylindrical eatkcc C . '.owcrs d1ooc1o�s, alcohol are taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it,
heads. Fruit a d ru wI • 1 . . ius' the f:,1� . 1 1)r0 ones Ill s 1ortc
, r ovoid and the rest of the alcohol a<ldcd. After having stirred the whole
The bark is exterrufi! 11'.;�;is:� covered with :t white waxy coating. -well, pour it into a well-stoppered bottle nnd let it stand eight clays i n
�cparnting iu small frai,n onts. T�or:icwl�lt �1·�1�kl cd, the o� 1 tor layer a dark, cool place. T h e tincture is theu separated by decnuting,
e mner ay_e1
almost smooth. It has a grnn . uI ar, pa i c rcdd1sh is dark reddish-brown, straining and filtering.
Th·is drug was proven by men fracture. Drug power of tincture, t.
b f tl_ic l\fassac h usetts Homooo-
pathic Medic:11 Society (Transacti�u:�864 Dilutions must be prepared as directed 11nclcr Class III.

r ·/
Preparatlon.-The fresh bar )
.
to a pulp an d weighed. Then twok of tl ro�t.I� cI10ppcd and pounder!
the pulp mixed with one-sixth p 1't lb " g t of alcohol
a re taken, NABALUS ALBUS, Var. Serpcntarius, Gray.
p t � �
added. After havin sti rr�d th:1. o • ' an t ic !'OS� of the al cohol Synonyms, Nabalus Serpeutaria, Hooker. Prcnnnthcs A lba, Linn.
po red bottle and let�t st n cl . �-h'e "? , 11 , pou r it mto a wcll-stop­
Nat. Ord., Compositm.
I t J ay s n I\ clark '
tincture is tl;en separated by d���
�tin . g, strnm� . mg , cool �lace. The Common Names, Rattlesnake-Root. White Lettuce. Lion s
and fiI ltermg. Foot.
328 HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
This indigenous pcrcuniid grows in rich soil 011 the borders of woods.
The stem, two to fo11r feet high, purplish nnd often clccply so in spot>",
n.riscs f'rom a spi11dlc-shapc<l tuberous root. Hndicnl leaves, :rngulnr­
hastatc, more or less deeply lobed. Stem leaves, rouud-ovn.tc, sin11atc­
toothcd. The lobes or leaves arc obtuse. Flower-heads ln corymhous
panicles at the summit of the stem. Eight to twclvc flowered, pap pus
deep ci1111:uuon-colorcd. Var. Scrpcntaria hns radical leaves, palnmtc­
!'inuat<•, st<•lll lcavrs on long petioles, n1iddlc St'gnicnt three-parted.
Lt was proved hy Dr. i\[. E. Lnzarus, United States.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plant is chopprd and poundr<l to a pulp
and ll'l'ighed. Then two parts hy weight of' alcohol arc taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part: of' it, and t,hc rest 01' the
alt"ohol added. Af'tcr h:wi11g stirred the whole well, pour it i11to a
well-stoppered bottle, and let it stantl ei�ht days in a dark, cool place.
The tincture is then separated by deco.nt111g, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, L
Dilutions must be prepared us di1·cctcd under Class III.
NAJA.
Synonyms, Naja Tripudians. Colubcr Naja.
Class, Reptilia.
Order, Squarnata.
Family, Elapid:c.
Common Names, Cobra di Capello. Hooded Snake.
This species of snake is commonly found in Hindostan. It varies in
length from two to four feet. The neck can be clilatcd Ro as tn give
the appearance of :i hond covering the head. It is the snake mmally
employed by the snakc-charrncrs. The fangs arc can1dic11lntcrl, and
are in l'rnnL of the :rnperior nmxilhl, with smnllcr soli<l teeth bchill(l
them. The sixth upper labial scale is small, forming a �ut,urc with a
very large temporal scale; there is generally a spectacle-like mark on
the neck.
It was first proved hy Dr. Stokes, E 11glnnd.
Preparation.-Thr poison, ohtaincd hy comprcssinir Lhc �Ian<! (of
the live animal) which secretes it, is triturate<l ns direcictl under Ulass
VUI.
NAPHTHALINUM.
Synonyms, Nnphthalin. Naphthalene.
Formula, C 10 H 8•
Molecular Weight, 128.
Origin.-Naphtlmlin is generally produced when organic bodies
arc distilled alone. It may he procured from coal; aJcohol, ether
v:ipor and cvcu olefiant gas yiolrl more or less naphthalin when passer!
through reel hot tubes. Petroleum and most essential oils when treated
in t,hc lnttcr wny also afford it, ancl camphor vnpor when passed over
retl hot quicklime gives rise to it; from the above considerations it is
HOM<EOPATHIC PHA)Ol,\Cl•:unc:-;. 329
-not remnrko.ble that naphthalin should be found in soot o.nd lamp­
black.
Preparation.-Coo.1-tnr from which the lighter oils hmve been re­
moved by prclimin:iry distillation is distilled in large iron retorts; .the
distillate is received in puncheons and the process cnrrictl on unt.il the
liquid is heavier than water. The first two parts out of' a charge of'
seventy contain hut liLLle 11aphthali11, the rest of the dist,illntc nhounds
in it. To extrnct the rmphLlmlin fro111 the oily distillate small quanti­
ties of sulphuric acid arc shaken with it a11d then aftrr �ettlin).{ fiir
some time, nre run off: ThcRupcrnata11t oil 011 c•>oling t<> 0 ° C. (:1't ° F.),
deposits large quantities of the naphthalin. The crude greasy naph­
thnlin is drnincd and pressed iu stro11g hags to rc111ovc the oil and then
redistilled, the receiver bring changed when the product come� ,,ver
colorless. To obtain it i11 large crystals it may be melted o,·cr the
sand-bath, in basins with covers of paper pnstecl over them; the b:isins
should be not more tha11 half full. \Vhcn the contcnLc; arc melted and
begin to sublime, the whole ma.y be allowed to cool, and when quite
cold a, ln.rge quantity of colorlcss crrtals will be found hetwee11 the
cake of naphthaliu and the pnper cover, and may be removed with a
fca.ther.
Properties.-Naphlhalin when purifier! by sublimation is in trnns­
parent, colorlcss, glistc11ing i::eales; when crystallized from its ethereal
solution it forms rhombic tahlrs or prisms. It has a peculiar, some­
what to.r-likc odor and a rather pungent taste. lt is liut slightly
soluble in water and cold alcohol, hut readily dissolves in boiling
alcohol as well as in ether, cnrbon clis11lphidc, the volntile oils, acetic
acid and dilute oxalic acid. It is insoluhle i11 wntcry solutio11s of the
alknlics. It is son1cwhat volatile at orcliuary te111pcr:1tur<'R, all(] when
igniter! burn::; with a d1•nse Rmolcy flame. \Vhrn hrntcd to 80 ° C.
(17G ° F.) it melts, and at 218 ° C. (42-1.-! ° F.) it boil!<. Jts specific
gravity is 1.15.
Tests.-Pcrfcctly pure naphthalin volatilizes completely when
heated; and with conccntrntrd sulphuric acid it forms a colorlcss solu­
tion. The commcn·ial article usually gives a hrowni�h solution. For
its identification Voltl's reaction mny he used, 11s follows: when naph­
tha.Jin is brought in contact with the strongest nitric acid, a large
quantity of water added anrl the resulting precipitate, after washing
with dilute alcohol, mixed with a liLtlc hydrntc and sulphide of' potns­
sium, the residue dissolves in alcohol with :i ,·iolct-rcd color. Nnph­
thalin when fused into sticks, like sulphur, has the appearance of nln­
bnster, crncks when held in the warm hand and when rubbed becomes
negatively electric.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Pure naphthnlin is trit­
urated, as directed uncler Clnss VII.
NARCOTINUM.
Synonyms, Narcotinn. Narcotin. Narcotia.
Formula, 0 44 H 23 NO 11 .
330 IlOMffiOPATilIC J'IlAR MA CEUTICS.
Molecular Weight, 413.
Preparation of Narcotina.-Nnrcotin cxisls in opium to the
amount of six or eight per cent.; it wns the first base extracted from
that drug. During the process for obtaining morphia from opium nnr­
cotin is also obtained; it may be separntc<l from the morphin. by the
use of ether, which docs not dissolve the latter. The ethereal solution
is to be slowly evaporated.. It may be obt1ti11ed d!rcctly from opium l!Y
treating that substance with ether nnd cvaporat111g the solut1011 ns 1u
the previous method.
Properties.-Narcotin crystn.llizcs in right rhombic prisms, or in
needles grouped in b1111dles, flnttc11cd, colorlcss, transparent n11tl l11s­
lrous; it is without odor or taste, and is indifforcnt lo litmus paper. It
is almost insoluble i�1 col�! watcr, an�l of �oiling water it requirc_s about
_
7,000 pnrts for solutw11; 1t dissolves m thirty-five p1trts of ether, m three
or chloroform au<l in twenty-five of bcnzol. The alcoholic and ethereal
solutions have n bitter taste. Its salts arc very unstable.
Tests.-Narcotio is it weaker base than opium, and docs not de­
compose ammonium chloride even at 100 ° C. (212° F.). "With con­
centrated sulphuric acid it forms at first a colorlcss solution, but after
some minutes the color changes to yellow; and in the course of a day
or two it becomes raspberry-red. The caustic alkalies and their car­
bonates precipitate narcotin from its solutions as a white crystalline
powder insoluble in excess of the reagent. Caustic n.mmonia dissolves
it in slight amount. To forric chloride nnd iodic acid it is indillcrcnt.
Jts absence of taste, iL5 neutral reaction, its precipitation by nlkalics,
its solubility in ether and its not being affected by iron salts aud iodic
acid, nil serve to distinguish it from morphin.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Purc narcotina is tritu­
rntcd as direclc<l ull<lcr Class VII.
NATRUM ARSENICICUM.
Synonyms , Sodium Arsenate. Arsenias Natricufl. Arscnias Sodi-
cus. Natri Arscnias. Soclro Arsenins. So<lii Arscnius.
Formula, Na 2 H As 0,11 7 H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 312.
Common Name, Arsenate of Soda.
Preparation of Arsenate of Soda.-960 grains of pure nrsenious
oxide, finely powdered, and 816 grains of sodium 11itratc, finely pow­
dered, and 528 graius of dried sodium carbonate, finely pow<lercd, arc
to be intimately ruixc<l and placed in a litrge, covered, clay crucihle
and exposed to a full red heat until cffo1·vcsceucc ceases and the mass
is completely fused. The fused product is to be poured on a porcelain
tile nod as soon ns solidification has ta.ken place allfl before cooling, it
iti to be put into half n. pint of boiling distilled water nod the mixture
�tirrcd nutil the salt is dissolved. Then the solution is to be filterc<l
and set aside that crystals may form. The crystals arc to be collcctccl,
d rn inccl, clril'd rapidly on bibulous paper and trnnsferred to a well­
stoppered �ottle.
IlOMCEOPATFllC J > JIARl\fACEU'l'JCS. 331
Properties.-Arscnatc of soda prcparccl 11s above directed is in
colorlcss, transparent, mcnocli11ic prisms, co11t11i11ing seven molecules of
water; whc11 crystallir.cd belo1� 18 ° C: (G4-.4° F.), it forms large cfllor­
esccn� ?rystals 1somorphous with ordmary phosphate of sodium, and
contammg twelve molecules of water; a salt containing twenty-six
�noleculcs of water separates from a s)ilution cooled to 0° U. (32 ° F.).
fh ? crystals nrc slightly _ effiorcscc11t 111 dry air, nn<l in moist air they
dcl1qucscc sornewhat. They dissolve in two or three parts of water '
forrni11g nn alkaline solution.
. Tests.;--The usu:d ar8�nical reactions arc given by this salt afLcr
its _n•d11cl1011 . f.o t�1c 111"81•111m1H Rl1tl.<·, hy 111e1111B uf Hulphurowi ncicl, or
sodium sulphite with some hydrochloric acid.
The drug '.ms proven hy Dr. Jr11h�rt Courheyrc, France.
Preparation for Homreopath1c Use.-Pure arseualc ofsodium
is triturntcd ns directed under Class VIL
NATRUM CARBONICUM.
Synonyms, Rodiurn Carbonate. Carbonas Sodicus. Disodic C11r-
bonatc. Sod::c Cnrbonns. Sal Soda.
Common Name, ·washing Soda.
Formula, Nn 2 C 0 3 , 10H 2 0.
Molecular Weight , 286.
Origin and Preparation of Carbonate of Sodium.-Sodium
cnr�onal� exists in the soda lak�s �f Egypt a.nd Hungary, in the vol­
canic springs of Ic�land, etc._; 1t 1s largely used in the !lrls, and wns
formerly ohtamcd _ from banlla, the ash of Sa/,sola snda 1111d other
plnnts growing on the sea-shore, and from the ash of scii-wccd, called
kelp; hut at present 11cnrly all the soda of commerce is ohlaincrl from
co111111011 sn!t by first co11v?rtinf; the chloride or sodium into Rtdphntc
by heatmg _ 1t 11·1Lh rnlpht nc acid, and then corwcrti11g the sulphate into
: �
carbonate by hcatlllg 1t_ Ill a rcvcrberatory funrncc with chalk or limc­
�tonc anrl coal. The crucle_ soda obtained hy this process is dnrk gray
111 col1!r and appc: !rs part111.lly vitrified; it is purified by lixiviating,
.
�nd r111x111g the rcs1d11c left 11ltcr evaporation, with sawd11st und heat­
_
mg 111 a rcvcrbcriitory furnace, nt n low red hcnt, for some hours. To
obtain crystallized carbonate, the purified salt is clissolvccl in water,
and the liquid, when clarified, is boiled down till a pcllicle forms on
the surface. The solution is then run iuto shallow crystallizing ves­
sels, and nO.cr sl11mling for a week the mother liquor is drawn off and
the crystals drained nncl broken up for the market. The crystals thus
obtained contain tcu molecules of water.
Properties and Tests.-Sodium carbon11le is in large, colorless,
rhombic crystals or iu irregular masses of the "amc, having nn alkaline
t11stc and reaction. They efllorcsce in the iiir, and nre soluble in twu
parts of cold nncl in a quarter of a pnrt of boilin� water, and ar:c insoluble
JU alcohol and ether. Comrncrcrn.lly pure caroonatc of sod111m is gen­
erally contaminated with small amounts of chloride 11nd sulphate and
its solutions, whcu acidified with nit;ric :1ci1l, give so111e turhidity o; pre-
332 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMA<..:EU'J'lC::;.
cipitntc with silver nitrnte nn<l with bnrium nitrnte. When the salt is
prcpitred f'rom cryolit,e nlumi11n is likely l,o he pr<'!l<mt,; it may he de­
tected by acidifying n solution of the cnrbonntc with llCI, hoili11g n11d
nddi11g ammonia iu excess, when alu111 i11ium hydrntc will sepnrntc out
in n gelatinous mnss. Chemically pure socli11lll C'nrhoJHttc should 11ot
suffer nny change when tested in the forcgoi11g methods, a11d its solu­
tion, when :widulatcd with HCI, should show no chnnge npon treat­
ment, with hydrogen and mnmouiulll sulphides (:tbsc11ce of metals).
.lt was proven by Huhue 111u11u.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Purc curhonntc of
�ot!iulll is trituratct! as t!irecte<l uu<lcr ClitSS V 11.
NATRUM BROMATUM.
Synonyms, Sodium Bromide. l3romurctum Sodicum. Sodii
Bromillnm.
Common Name, Bromide of Sodium.
Formula, Nn Br.
Molecular Weight, 103.
Preparation of Bromide of Sodium .-The directions for prc­
p:uiug potassium bromide, as given in the article Kali Bronmturu, "·ill,
by the substitutiou of sodium carbonate for the corresponding potas­
sium compound, result in the formation of sodium bromide.
Properties and Tests.-Bromide of sodium, when crystallized
out frorn its solutions at tempcrnturcs above 30 ° C. (86 ° F.), forms
anhydrous cubes which have a slightly allrnliue taste 1tnd neutral reac­
tion; they 11:_re easily soluble in mttcr au<l alcohol. ·when crystalli;1,ecl
hclow 30 ° C. it forms hy<lruted, oblique rhombic prisms conlai11ing
two molecules of water.
The solutions of the compouucl in water should be neutral or at most
but very faintly alkaline, and when, treated with u large n<ldition of
dilute sulphuric acid, should not show n yellow or reddish colorntion.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Pure bromide of sodium
is triturated as directed under Class VII.
NATRUM HYPGPHOSPHOROSUM.
Synonyms, Sodium Hypophosphitc. Sodii Hypophosphis.
Common Name, Hypophosphitc of Soda.
Formula, Na H 2 P0 2, H 20.
Molecular Weight, 106.
Preparation of Hypophosphite of Sodium.-By decompos­
ing calcium hypophosphite with sodium carbonate (avoiding excess of
either), filtering and evaporating. The product contains some calcium
carbonate from which it may be freed by re-solution in alcohol, filter­
ing and rccrzstallizing, the evaporation being at a temperature below
100 ° C. (212 F.). The directions given for preparing potussiu111 hypo­
phosphite (sec article Kalium Hypophosphorosum) will serve equally
well for the production of the sodium compound by the substitution of
FIOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEU'rICS. 333
the word"so<lium" for"potassium" wherever the latter occurs in the
nrticlc.
Properties.-.<-iodium hypophosphite crystallizes in pearly, rec­
t.angulnr tables somewhat lt:,-s deliquescent Lhan the corrcspondi11g
p11t.a�siu111 salt. It usually is scc11 ns a white powder. [t is easily
sol11blc in nlcohol nucl water, hut docs 11ol dis.�11lvc iu etlH;r. At a
hii; h tc111pcrn,l.u rc it deco111posrs with the evolution of plto"phorcttc1I
lt ydroµ;1·n :111d leaves :t rcsid11c of pyropl10spltatc and 111l:laph0Rpl111tc
of sodi11111.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use .-Pure hypophosphitc of
sn<lil1111 i.; Lriturnt.cd ns dircetcrl under Class VIL
NATRUM MURIATICUM.
Synonyms, Sorlium Chloride. Chloruretum So,licum. Nutrium
Chlorntum J>uru 111. f:imlii Chlnriclum. Chloride of Sodium.
Common Names, Common Salt. Tnhlc f:ialt.
Formula, Na Cl.
Molecular Weight, 58.5.
Origin and Preparation of Chloride of Sodium.-Sodium
chloride occurs very abundantly in nature, both in the solid state us
rock salt, forming extensive beds iu rocks of various ages, nnrl in solu­
tion in sea-water, salt lnkes and salt springs. The salt is mined from
the solid deposits or taken from open cuts, while from saline waters it
is obtained by cvnpornlion or by first freezing; the latter mode is
followed in Northern countries of Europe, since snlt wntcr scpnrntes on
freezing, into ice containing uo salt, and a strong saline lye. After the
crystnllizi 11 g out of sodium chlori<lc the mother liquors containing
potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium sulphates, chlorides and
hromidcs arc utilized for the extraction of these compounds and their
derivatives.
Properties.-Purc sodium chloride crystallizes from aqueous solu­
tions at ordinary temperatures or higher, in colorlcss, transparent,
anhydrous cuhci::, but an aqueous solution exposed to a temperature of
-10° C. (1-1 ° F.) yields hexagonal plates containing two molecules of
water; when the temperature rises the water of crystnllizntion is ex­
pelled nud the crystals arc changed into n heap of' minute cubes.
Ordinarily, sodium chloride is found as a. white powder made up of
small, glistcnini;, hard cubes, without reaction to test-paper, without
oclor and possessing n pure saline taste. The crystals arc anhydrous,
have a specific gravity of 2.16, clccrcpitate when thrown on red hot
con! or whc11 hc1ttctl upon Jlalinum foil; in a very damp a.tmosphcre they
become moist. Salt 1s sojublc in less than three parts of m1tcr in the
cold, nncl is scarcely more soluble iu boiling water, but the admixture
of other i::nlts increases its solubility. It is not taken up by absolute
alcohol, 11nd 100 parts of IJ0 per cent. alcohol di�sulvc only two parts
of it. At it red heat it melts, ancl 011 cooling solidifies to a crystal­
line mass; al a white heat it volatilize.�. Its watery solutions ha Ye the
properly of dissoh·ing i::cvcral hoclies insoluble in water, e. g., culcium
phosphate, en lciu 111 s11 I phntc and si h·cr ehloridc.

334 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Tests.-Thc nriucous solut,ion of sodiun� �hloridc shouk� be pcr­
fcct,ly ncut,rnJ (nbsc11cc of c:irho1rnlc nnd of fr? c hydrochloric :t(·�d);
it should not be precipitated by hydrogen s11l1� l11dc nor by nn11non1u111.
sulphide (absence of metnls), _nor by :u11mo1.11u111 oxalnt,c (11h�c1H'(: ot
calcium) nor by barium chloride (absence of sulphate), nor by sodium
carbonnt� (nbscncc of the earths, cspccially_ 111ag11c�ia).
This drn� was introduced into our _i\fat,crm 1\lcd1ca by Hah11?111nn11:
Preparation for Homreopath1c Use.-Onc part hy wc1gl_1l '.'t
pure chloride of' sotlium is dissolvt'd iu nine parts by weight of dis­
tilled wa!,cr.
Amounl, of drug power, r\·
Dilutions must be prepared as <lirccted under Class V-a.
Triturnt,ions arc prepared as directed under Clas.'l V lI.
NATRUM NITRICUM.
Synonyms, Sodium Nitrate. Nitras (Azotns) Sodicus. Nit,ru111
Cuhicum. So<lii Nitrns.
Common Names, Nitrate of Soda. Cubic Nitre. Chili Salt-
petre.
Formula, Na NO�.
Molecular Weight, 85.
Origin and Preparation.-Nitratc of sodium occurs abundantly
ns a natural mineral in South America; in the northern part of P�n1
the dry elevated plains1 3,00� feet above t)ic sca-l�vel, arc covered 11·11 h
beds of it several feet III tl11ckncs.'l, assocmtcd with gypsum, common
salt, sulphate of sodium and the shclly rcsic)ue of an ru1cic11� sc:�. The
crude nitre called caliche is refined by solution and cryslalltzatwn, hut
the great solubility of sodium nitmlc renders it difficult to purify Lhc
laUcr from common salt; on n small scale this can be done by heating _ th rown 11po11 a muslin strainer, and repeatedly washed by boiling ,rnler
the powdered sa.lt with nitric acid, by whieh . mc:1ns the c)1lornl�s arc
destroyed, and thcu hy solution and rccrysLalhzut1011 the 111trat,e 1s 1>h-
taincd perfectly pure. . .
Properties.-P11rc sodium nitrntc cryst�lhzcs III obluFc rlwmho­
hcd ro ns, which, at a hnsty glance, may he 1n1st11k<'n for c11bc8, whenrc
tl 11• n:�111c cubic saltpetre. The crystalR 1u-c ?olorleFs, _t.1·1rnspan:nt
nm! pcrnmncnt iu the air, but when the snlt 1s con.lammated w11 h
sodium chloride, they become moist upon ?xposu_rc, w,t.h�ut, howcvc�·•
deliq11cs<"i11g. The salt has a saline, coolmg, shg)itly lnttcr tasl(', 1s
soluhlc in one and n quarter parts of water at ord1!1:1ry tcmpcrnt,n,rcs,
and in ahout half its weight of boiling wnlcr, nnd 111 ] 00 p:irts _ o f !10
per cent. alcohol; the solutio!1s arc neutrnl_in rcnction. Upon d1��ol,·­
ing the salt in water, n _co:os1dcrnble fall 111 tc�1perat1_11'C! _is pro<hlt'('11.
"When hcat,ccl the salt deflngrn.tcs, 1md when m1xc<I w1Lh 111fln11111111_hle
hodies, it detonates, less strongly, however, t,han docs the con·cspond �ng
polassi11111 compound; at 310 ° C. (590 ° J!'.)_ it fuses, n.ncl on_ �001111.t.;
8,ilidifics Lo a white mass; at n. red henL 1L 1s decomposed, g1v111g on
oxycrcn and the lower oxides of nitrogen.
Tests.-Solutions of sodium uitraLc should give no turbidit,y or
HOMCEOPATHIC PilARMACEUTICS. 335
pt·�cipit.nte with hydrogen sulphide (ahscncc of metals), nor with so­
dium carbonate (mngncFi:t nnd calcium compounds), nor with nariu111
nilrntc (sulphate), nor with Filvcr uitrntc (chloride), or with Lhc latter
n faint opal<!!'ccncc is pcrmissihlc. \Vhcn a few drops of chlorine
wntcr arc added to a solution of the snlt, and the 111ixturc well ngitalecl
wit.h carbon disnlphide, the color nf' the reagent should undergo 110
change (n. violet c1>lorntion of' the bisulphiclc inclicnlcs the presence of'
iodi11c); if the test prove negative, sulphuric acid may he nddcd to the
111ixt11re, and if' a ,·iolel coloralio11 then appear in the lnycr of' cnrhm1
disulphide, an iodate is present.
J ntroduce<l into t,he J Comroopathic Materia l\[cdica by Dr. Gross,
Germany.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Purc nitrate of sodium
is tril11 rated as dircctccl II ndcr Cb!<s VI I.
NA7-'RUM PHOSPHORICUM.
Synonyms, Sodium Phosphate. N:1tri Phosphas. Phosphas Nnt-
ricus. Sod:u J'hosphas. Sodii Phosphns.
Common Name, 1'l10sphalc of' 1-locla.
Formula, Na 2 1I 1' 0 1 , 12 H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 858.
Preparation of Phosphate of Sodium.-To 10 parls of bone,
calcined to whitcncss a11d in fine powder, add G pnrts of sulphuric acid
in an earthen vessel and thoroughly mix the ingredients; 22 fluid
ounees of water arc to he addccl to the 1nixl11rc, and the whole thor­
oughly stirred. The mixt,urc if\ to he set aside to digest for three days,
and during that lilllc is Lo he frcriucntly stirred and enough water nddcd
from time to time to replace that losl hy c,·apornlion. At the end of
the Lillie, 22 fluid ounces or boiling water arc to he added, aml the whole
in small amoL111L':! till the liquid comes through lnsteless. The strained
lirp1id is then Lo he scl a!iide to permit t.hc newly formed Jll'<'Cipitates
Lo �ctLlc; when the preeipitation is co111plctc, the clrar liquid is de­
canted ofl' and hoilcd down Lo 22 01111c(•s. This concrntratcd liquid is
to he clecnntcd from 1111y f'rcsh prc('ipitalc nnd heated in n ,·e�scl of
iron. and then• is gra1l11:tlly added Lo it rt hot sol11Lio11 of �odium car­
bonate :is Ion� as eflerYei'\tenec rn�uc�, and until the lihcrnt<'<l phosphoric
acid is cutircly n(•11tralized; the li1J11id is now Lo he filtered and �et
nsidc in a cool pince to crystallize. The fir�l crop of cry�tals is the
purest, but a suhseque11t, crop m:iy he obtained hy adding sodium car­
bonate to the liriuid ns long m1 crystals arc fornicd; the crystals of t,hc
secondary crop must he rcpurificd hy snl11t,ion and recrystallization.
The salt should he kept in a well-stoppered hot.Uc.
Properties.-Officinal sodium phosphate crrtallizes in oblique
rhombic pri�rns a:1d tables, which arc Lrnnspnrenl nn<I colorlcss, and
have a mild, cooling, saline ta�Lc. They arc s0l11hlc in two parts of
hot water, and in four or fi,·c of wntcr at mccli11111 lcmpcrnturcs; they
are insoluble in alcohol. Thc solutious arc slightly alknline in reaction.
33G HO.MCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Heate<l to �5 ° C. (!)5 ° F.) they melt in their water of crystallization,
nm! solid ii)' l.o a crystalline mnss on eooling; a.t 100 ° C. (212 ° F.) they
give up their water of crystallizatiou, and ub�vc 300 ° C. (572 ° F.) the
salt is converted into pyrophosplmtc. The aqueous solution of the snlt,
when t.re:ttcd with silver nitrntc solution, precipitates yellow orthophos­
phat.� of silver, and tl'. e_filter?d 0_uid has n� acid_ reaction_; the arJ u�ous
solul,IOn, upon the add1t10u of bnr1um ehlor1dc 1 gives it wlnte prce1p1tate
of barium phosphate; both these precipitates arc soluble in nitric acid.
The �olution of the salt nJtcr ncidulation with HCI should not he
ch:lllgrd in any way by hydrogen sulphide (n.bscucc of mcti:ds, and cs­
pceially ar:;cnie). The ucuLrnl solution should not cflcrvescc upon the
add ii.ion of an acid (abscuec of carbun1ttc), :UH! shou Id give uo prceipi­
talc or turbidity when treated with ammonia (:tbscucc of mngnesium ),
or with ammonium oxalate (calcium).
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Pure phosphate of so­
dium is triturntcd as directed under Class VII.
NAT RUM SALICYLICUM.
Synonyms, Sodium Salicylate. Salicylate of Sodium.
Formula, 2 (Na C 7 H 5 0 3) + H 2 0.
Mol_ecular Weight, 338.
Preparation.--Six parts of powdered, perfectly pure, sodium car­
bo1rn.te arc to be thoroughly mixed with 10 parts of pure salicylic aeicl,
and the mixture gradually added, with constant stirring, to 100 part.5
of dilute alcohol; the solution is to be dried at n, gentle heat over a
water-bath.
Properties.-Pure sodium salicylatc is in very \\"hite and small
crystalline plates, or is a crystalline powder; it is almost without odor,
has a sweetish, saline and somewhat alkaline tnstc, nnd when kept in
tightly closed vessels, undergoes 110 change in color, odor or tnste. It
is soluble in one part of water and in five or six part.5 of alcohol, the
solutions being colorless and wcnkly allrnline. Treated with ferric
chloride, it gives a dark violet colorntion; and with pure conecntrntccl
sulphuric acid, it forms a solution which remains col orless for ten or
fifteen minutes.
Tests.�Sodium salicylatc may be cousidered pure whcu it is white
in color, dissolves in one and ·one-half Limes its volume of distilled
water nnd in six parts of alcohol, forming solutions which nrc color­
leEs or very nearly so, nm! when shaken with fifteen volumrs of pllrc
coneentrntcd su lphmic acid, it neither colors the acid nor cfforvcsccs.
When it is heated to redness 011 platinum foil, 1111 nlknlinc residue is
left, whose weight should be not less than 30 nor more than 32 per
ccut. of' the amount of the salt taken. The residue should give the
reactions of pure sodium carbonate. A solution of the snlt nciclulnted
with nitric acid should give no turbidity when treated with silver ni-
trate or barium chlorirlc.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Purc snlicylate of so­
dimn is triturn,ted as directed under Clnss VIL
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 337
NAT-rR.l',M SELENICUM.
Synonyms, Sodium Selenate. Selenate of Soda.
F.orinula, Na 2 Se 0 4, 10 H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 369.
Preparation and Properties,-By fusing selenium or selenite of
·sodium, or selenide of lend with sodium nitrate, dissolviug the fused
IlUl8S 'i n hot water and leaving the concentrated solution to cool nud
crystallize. The excess of nitrate crystallizes out first, aud afterwards
the selenate in crystals containing ten molecules of water, exactly re­
sembling those of the normal sulphate (Gbubcr's salt), and exhibiting
like the latter a maximum solubility at ahout 33 ° C. (91.4 ° F.).
When crystallization is conduetcd at n temperature above 40 ° C.
(104° F.), the crysti:tls obtained arc nuhydrous.
Tests.-The salt, when prepared from pure materials, is not likely
to be contaminated. If in doubt, it rnay be tested, as directed in the
article Natrum Sulphuricum. For identification of the constituent
· selenillIIl, the salt may be heated with charcoal or sodium carbonate in
the reducing flame with the blow-pipe; a selcni<lc is produced, recog­
nized by the peci.ilim· odor of decomposing horsc-rndish.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-One part by weight of
selenate· of soda is dissolved in niue parts by weight of distilled water.
Amount of d1·ug power, T1tr-
Di)utions must be prepared as dircctc<l under Class V-a.
NATRUM SULPHO-CARBOLICUM.
· Synonyms, Sodii Sulpho-carbolas. Sodium Sulpho-carbolate.
Common Names, Sulphocarbolatc of Sodium. Sulphophenate
(Phenolsulphonnte) of Sodium.
Formula, Na, C 6 H 6 S 0 4, 2 H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 232. .
Origin.-Phenol (carbolie acid) dissolves easily in strong su_ lphu�·1c
acid, formi.xrg at ordinary tcmpcrntures ortho-phcnyl su_lphu:·1c acid,
bu.t by heating, the result _is �urn-phenyl s_ ulp)1unc acH�. The _two
acJds may be separated by fract10nal crystnllizat10n of their potnss1um
or sodium salts, the parn.-snlt scpnrnl.ing 011� fin;t. in_ elongated hexngo11�1l
tables,,which are anhydrous; the mother-liquor yields the ortho-snlt 111
long colorless spicules containiug two molecules of "·ntcr. The two
acids are not known in the free stntc. The sodium salt of the pnrn­
acid, when heated with manganese dioxide, nm! ?ulphuric acid yields
quinone; the two potassium sa]t.<; 1 when fused with excc�s of potash,
yield different results, the ortho-salt giving pyrocatechin, nnd the parn­
salt resorein.
Preparation.-By treating phenol with excess of strong sulphuric
acid, and after about twenty-four hours diluting with water, then_ saturat­
ing the solution with barium carbonate, filtering and evaporntmg; the
ceystallized salt thus obtained is to be purified hy erystallimtion from ul?o•
ho!. The sulphocarbolatc of barium is to be r�d!�olved, tren�cd with
sodium carbonate or sulphate as long as a prcc1p1tntc of the msolublc
338 HOM<EOPATHIC l'HARMACEUTICS.
barium sulplmte or carbonate is produced, the precipitate filtered off
mHl the filtrate evnporn .tcd.
Properties and Tests.--.'3odium sulphocurbolnte forms n white
crystalline powder, or i s in trnuspare11t, rhombic prisms. As the
amount of wntcr of crystnllizntio11 vnrics nccording to the temperature
at which the solution is cvn.porntcd a11d the degree of concentrntio11,
the anhydrous salt is to be used; this cnn he obtained hy heati11g the
crystals 1111til their water is expel led and a dry white powder is l eft.
Sulpho-cnrbnlat.(' of sodium is easi ly soluhle i1 1 w11ter nod a<1ucous
a lcoho l . The salt has a sharp taste ancl l iUle or 110 oclor.
A V<'ry di l ute' snl11t.in1 1 of the 811lplrn-cnrhohtl.e is colorp.J viol<·t hy
trcatml'nt with forric ch lorid e (the i:alicylate giYcs a �i111il:11· n•nction).
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-J'11rc s11l phocmhulate of
SO<li11m is trit11rate<l as directed under U lass VIL
NATRUM SULPHURICUM.
Synonyms, Sodium Sulphate. Socl::c Sulphns. Sodii Sulphas.
Common Names, Gln.uber's Sn.It. Sulphnte ofSocl n.
Formula, Nn 2 S 0 1 , 10H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, n22.
Origin and Preparation of Sulphate of Sodium.-This i:nlt
occurs rather n.hundaotly in nature, citbcr nnhydrous as Thenanlile,
crystn. l fo.cd in right rhombic prisms, or with kn molecules of' wat er as
Glnuh cr's salt, in monoclinic prisms. It occurs more nh1111dn11tly in
comhi 1 1n.tio11 with calcium su l phate ns Glauberile; it is nlso fou11<l in
sea-water, in the waters of most saline· springs, and it exists in large
()U:tntity in many salt lakes in Russia.. Sodium su l phate is prepared
in enormous amount by the a ction of sulphuric ncid on common i:nlt,
ns n. prclimjnnry step in the manufacture of so<lium cnrbonntc n11d ns
n secn11dary product in mnny other chcmicnl processes. It is purilic<l
by rpcrystall izntion.
Proper ties.-Purc sodium sulphate forms lnrge, <'nlorlPi:s, tr:rns­
p:H·Pul, glistenini-:, oblique rhomhic or irregularly Rix-sided prismR,
whose specific grayity is 1.35. They possess a. cooling, hitter, sal ine
tnste, nnd in the nir, especial l y in 1� wnrm place, they efllore.�ce1 be­
coming a white powder. At 30 ° C. (86 ° F.) they melt in their owo
wnter of crystal l ization, anda.ta. highrr temperature nrc rendered an­
hydrous by the loss of that wnter. Their hehn.vior to s1Jh·pnts is rc­
ma.rknblc. "\Vith i ncrease of temperature their so l ubility inc rcnscs in
water to a ccrtni n limit, nnd dccrcnscs ngnin if heated beyond that..
The point of greatest solubility is 33 ° C. (91.4° F.), so thnt n saturated
solution a.t this temperature will, if either fu rther wa rmed or cooled
deposit some of the sal t ns crrtnls; at this mnximum solubility on�
part of water will take up more than three of the sal t.
Tests.-Pure soclium sul phntc shou ld be free from othe r salt.�,
and its sol ution shou l d undergo no change when trcatc<I with hydro­
ge n or ammonium sulphide. In German phnrnmey n. truce of cblor•
339
..
HOM<EOPATIIIC PIIARMACEUTICS.
�
ide � p·ermissible, but the precipitate in watery sol u�i?n s with_ silver
.nitrate should not be-more thnn :1. m ere opalescence .. Ihe_ �o l u�1u11s of
the salt must be oeutrnl to test-po per, and 100 g_rnms_ of 1t d 1 ssol�•ed
in distilled water nod acidulated with hytl,_-ochlon� _ac id sh�uld g ive,
by the additio� of ch)oridc of bnr�um a white precipitate wluch, when
washed and dried, weighs 72.2 grnrn_s. .
.
Preparation for Homceopath1c Use.-Pure sulphate uf sod111m
� triturated as directc<l under Class VIL
NEPETA CATARIA, Linn.
Synonym, Catari:1. Vulgaris, Mmnch.
Nat. Ord., Lnbi11trc.
Common Names, CaLncp. Cntmint. . .
. .A. perennial bet:b indigenous to Europe nnd Asia, but fou�d, widely
spread in the United Stales as '1: common_ weed. Stem do\\n), erect,
branched, square. Leaves_ oppos1 t c, on pc�1�lcs, c ur<lnte, oblong, d�epl !
erenate from one to three 111chcs l ong, wlutish-rlowny hcueath..Flo\1-
ers in �ymose clusters, many flowered, formi!1g interrupted sp ikes ?r
racemes. Corolln. whitish, purple-dotted, hmry externally, lower lip
_
orena.tely three-toothed; upper erect, concave,_ two-cleft. Stamens
four, ascending under the upper lip, the lower p111r shorter; The plnnt
has a mint-like . odor, but not so ngrceuble. Flowers from Ju l y to
September. . ·
Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves nnd flowermg top�, galhered m
June or July, are chopped and pounded to a pulp nnd _weighed. Then
two pa.rta by weight of �1.lcohol nre taken, _the pulp n11xed thorough!�
with one-sixth part of ,t, and the r<'sl of the alcohol n<ldccl. Aftc1
having stirred the whole well, pour it intoa. well-�topp�rccl hot�le, and
let it stand eight days in �t _dark, cool p)acc. fhc tmcture 1s then
aeparated by decanting, strarnmg and filtermg.
.A.mount of drug power,!.
Dilutions must be p repared ns direct<'d under Class III.
Synonyms, Car bonate of Nickel. Nickel Carbomte.
Formula, Ni 003- ,
Preparation of Carbonate . of �ickel.-fe1� pn_rts ?f.· me · k_ e J
nunercia.l) are t o be treated mth eighty parts of pu 1 c n1t11? acid,
• 1c gravity 1.185, so that n. s1_nn. l l portion ?f the metal rcmm� s un­
lved. The solution after bcmg IiI tcrcd, 1 s evaporntee!. to d1) ne�,
1
to about 150 ° C. (302 ° F.), and the saline r�ir)ue 1s to be cl1_s-
ed in 120farts of distilled wate r, filtered, and prec1p1tated by a b? 1 )-
101u tion o fifty parts ot crystal lized sod�um cnr bmlatc. The prcc1 p 1-
� thrown up on a filter, well washed w i th warm wn�er �ocl treated
hydrochloric acid in considerable excess. The solut1011 1 s now sntu­
iited with hydrogen sulphide, set aside for severnl l�ou�, then filtered
'if necessary, and heated to boiling; then two parts of banum ca.rbonnte
340 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEU'rICS.
arc f.o he ndrlcd, the mixture repeatedly agitated nnd set nside for n
day. it is then to be sn.turntecl with chlori11e gm1, filtcrccl, nnd the
filtrntc tren.ted with dilute sulphuric acid as long as a11y precipitate
continues to fall. The fluid is ngain to be filtcrccl nnd decomposed
with a solution of about fifty parts of crystnllizc<l sodium carbonate, or
:1s much ns may be required to make the reaction of the li<iuid alka-
1 ine. The precipitate is collected 011 a filter, wnshcd with hot water
and dried n.t a moderate tcrnpcrnturc, n11d is Lo be preserved in n. well�
stoppered bottle. It is a pale, grayish-green, impalpable, ncnrly insipid
powder.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-Carbonntc of nickel is
triturntecl ns directed under Class VIL
NICCOLUM.
Synonyms, Niceolum Metallicum. Metallic Nickel.
Common Name, Nickel.
Symbol, Ni.
Atomic Weight, 58.8.
Origin and Preparation of Ni ckel.-Nickel is found in toler­
able abundance in some of the metal-bearing veins of the Saxou mouu­
tains, in ,vestphnlin, Hesse, Hungary anrl Sweden, chiefly ns arsenide,
the kupfemickle of mineralogists, so-called from its yellowish-red color.
The word nickle is a term of detraction, having been npplicd by the
old German miners to what was looked upon as n kind of' false
copper ore.
Nickel is ensily prepared by exposing the oxalate to a high white
heat, in a crucible lined with charcoal, or by reducing one of the
oxides by means of hydrogen at n. high temperature. It is n. white,
malleable metal, having n. density of 8.8, n high melting point, and a
less degree of oxi<lability than iron, since it is but little attacked hy
<lilute acids. Nickel is strongly magnetic, but loses this property
"·hen heatctl to 350° F.
The metal wns proven by Nenning, Germany.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-Nickel is triturnted, as
<lircctcd under Class VII.
NICCOLUM SULPHURICUM.
Synonyms, Nickel Sulphate. Niccoli Sulphas.
Common Name, Sulphate of Nickel.
Formula, NiSO 4, 7H 2 0.
Preparation of Sulphate of Nickel.-This snlt is formed by
di:<Solving carbonate of nickel in dilute sulphuric acid, concentrating
the solution and setting it aside to crystallize.
Properties a'.nd Tests.-The salt is in emcrn.ld-grecn, prismatic
crystals, efflorescent in the air, soluble in three pnrts of cold water, but
insoluhlc in alcohol nnd ethei·. It hns a sweet, m,tringcnt tnstc. The
solution gives a black precipitate with yellow sulphide of ammonium,
slightly soluble in excess, forming a dark hrown solution, itnd with
.caustic potnsh a pale green, bulky precipitate.
HOMCEOPATHIC l'H A 1';\I Af;EU'l'IC::,. 341
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.--Sulphnte of nickel is
triturated, as directed under Class VII.
NICOTIN.UM.
· Synonyms, Nicotia. Nicotina. Nicotylia. Nicotin.
Common Name, Nicotine.
Formula, C 10 H 14 N 2 ·
Molecular Weight, 162.
Preparation.-Nicotinc is a volatile alkaloid cx!stin� �n the se�d�
and leaves of various kinds of tobncco, and of winch 1t 1s the cluct
poisonous principle. It may be readily ohtaincd hy extraction of the
leaves with dilute sulphuric acid and distilling the conccntmted ex­
tract with potassium hydrate in c:-ccss. The distillate whicl) contains
the nicotine must be shaken up with ether, and the ether, after rlccnu­
tation is to be distilled off. The residue of the distillation is odorless,
limpi<l and contains besides °nicotine, water, ether and ammonia; 11
tempe;ature of 140 ° C. (284 F.) maintained for twelve hours and
assisted by 11 current of dry hydrogen suffices to expel these three
bodies, so that when the temperature is rnised subsequently to 180 C.
°
(356 F.), the nicotine passes over pure and colorless.
°
Properties.-Nicotinc is a colorlc�s or slightly yellow, oily liqui<l, _
which completely volatilizes by heat. It i.- weakly hygroscopic,
strongly alkaline and hns nn odor which is disngrceablc and tobacco­
like, and its inh�Iation produces some °stupcfaction; its tnstc is sharp
and burning. Its specific gravity at ]15 C. (59 F.) is 1.027.
°
Whrn
cooled to -10° C. (14 ° F.) it docs not soliclify, hctwccn 150
°
and 200 ° C.
(302 ° to 392 ° F.) it distils over unchn11gccl, nm! nt 240 C. (4G4 F.) it
°
°
boils and suffers partial decomposition. It is rcnclily soluble in water,
alcohol and ether, nnd with difliculty in chloroform nncl cnrhon disul­
,phide. When exposed to the nir it becomes gradually brownish in
color and viscid.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-On? part hy weio-ht of
pure nicotin is dissolved in ninety-nine parts by weight of alcohol.
Amount of drug power, Th•
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss VI-{i.
NIGELLA DAMASCENA, Dinn.
Nat. Ord., Ranunculaccrc.
• Common Names, Fennel Flower. Rnggccl Lmly.
This is an annual plant found growing i11 Southern Europe ancl
Eastern countries bordering on the l\lediterrnncnn. LcnYcs twice and
and thrice pinnatifid, resembling those of fonnel. Fruit n capsule, fiyc
follicled; seeds numerous. The seeds nrc dull blnck extcmally, one­
tenth of an inch in length, wrinkled nnd orntc-trinngulnr. "'hen
bruised the seeds emit the odor of strnwbcrries.
Pi:eparation.-The ripe seeds arc coarsely powrlci:ed, �ovcred wi!h
five parts by weight of alcohol, and allowed to rcmam eight days m
342 TTOi\llEOPATITIC PHARMACEUTICS.
n wcll-stoppcrc<l bottle, in 11, dark, cool place, hcing shaken twice 11, <lay
The lincturc is then poured on; strained and lillcrcd.
Amount of drug power, 1111" .
Dilutions must be prepared 11s directed under Class IV.
NITRI SPIRITUS DULCIS.
Synonyms, Spiritus Jl�thcris Nitrosi. Naphthn Nilri.
Common Name, Sweet Spirits of Nitre.
Preparation.-Thc oflici1ml (Grr111a11) !!piritus ::cthcris nitrosi of
the plmnnacoproin may be prepared hy placing in n rourny gla�s retort
100 parts of !)0 per cent. alcohol, adding thereto 25 parts of pure
nitric acid, specific grnvity 1.185, and distilling the mixture ou a walcr­
bath, raising the temperature grntlually 1111til 8-1 parls lmve come over.
The distillate is to be well shaken with magnesia in order to ncutrnl­
izc any free acid, set aside for a dny and is then lo be decanted aud
1·cctified on n water-bath.
Properties.-Sweet spirit of nitre is n transpnrcnt, perfectly vola­
tile, colorless or faintly yellow, inflarnmablc fluid, whose reaction is
neutral or slightly acid. It has 1111 agreeable, ethereal, apple-like odor
and a sweetish, warm, ethereal taste. Its specific gravity is from 0.8-W
to 0.850. Exposed to the atmosphere and light, and in contact with
water, it decomposes with the production of acetic acid, free nitric ncicl
and the lower oxides of' nitrogen. The preparation of' the Pharmaco­
!?roia Gcrmanicn contains more aldehyde than that made after the
formula of the United Stntes Pharnrncopccia.
It wns first proven by Lembke, Germnny.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Onc part by weight of'
the spirits of nitrous ether is llissol vetl iu nine parts by weight of alcohol.
Amount of drug power, 1 'tr-
Dilutions must be prepared us directed under Class VI-a.
NUCIS VOMIC/E CORTEX.
Bark of Strychnos Nux Vomica, l.tinn.
Preparation.-Thc rlricd bark, cu111-scly powdered, is coverc1l with
five parts by weight of alcohol, and allowed to remnin eight days in a
well-stoppered bottle, in a dnrk, cool pince, being shaken twice a day.
The tincture is thcu poured on; strained and filtered.
Amount of drug power, T'-rr •
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
NUPHAR LUTEUM, Smith.
Synonym, Nl.mphren Luten, ]jinn.
Nat. Ord., Nymphrencerc.
Common Name, Small Yellow Pond Lily.
Thi: sprcies is n native of Europe, and is also found at Manayunk,
suburb of' Philadelphia. The earlier and submersed leaves nrc very
HOMCEOPATIIIC PUAIU[ACEUTICS. 343
tliin an� roundish, the floating ones oval, gcnernlly with a narrow or
clos �d. smus. Sepals fiv�, nearly equal ; petals longer thun the sepals
�d dilated up,�nrc�s; st1gm� twelve to sixtccn-rnycd; fruit globular,
�v1th a short nairo\\ neck. The cxpnndc<l flower measures about two
mches across.
It wns first proven by Dr. Pitct France.
Pre�aration.-The fresh root is chopped aml pounded to n pulp
and we!gherl. Then two parts hr weight of alcohol arc taken the
pulp mernd thoroughly w1t _
!1 onc:s1,xt h pnrt of it, and the rest oi- the
alcohol added. AJter havmg stirred the whole well, it is put into n
well-stoi;�ere� bottle,.aud allowed tu stand eight clays, in a dark, cool
pln:ce. Ihe tmcture 1s then separated by decanting, straiuiug and fil­
·termg.
Drug power.of tincturr i.
Dilutions must be prcpt{rcd ns directed under Class III.
NUX MOSCHATA.
Synonyil}s, Myristica l\Ioschatn, Thunberg. Nuces Aroruatic.--c.
Nux Myristica.
Nat. Ord., Myristicaccrc.
Common Name, Nutmeg.
The.nutmeg tree is a untivc of the Molucca Isles, and is now eulti­
vated.m the East�rn .J\rchipela�o, as well as in India, the West Indies
an� South .A.men�t. The tree 1s 111uch branched,has altcrnntc short­
pet,olate leav�s, 11:l11ch arc oval-oblong, pointed,smooth nnd entire. The
Bowers are d1roc1ous, small nncl yellow, the male ones in axillnry pe­
_
duncled clusters, the femnlc sohtary,
its ovary ripening into n roundish­
oval,_one-seede_cl berry. The pcricnrp and nril arc removed nud the
nut-like s_eed 1s c�reful�y dried cithrr by the sun or over n slow fi re.
!J'ter drymg, the 111vcst111g shell is removed and the kernel or nutmc�
18 fit for_ export. The nutmeg is so well known thnt it docs not require
descr1pt1on.
The drug ,yns first prove�1 hy Dr. Uelhig, Germany.
. PreparatJon.-Thc _ clnccl nutmeg is coarsely powdered, covered
with five parts by weigh� o!_ nlcohol, nnrl the whole poured into n well­
stoppered bot�le, where 1t 1s . allowed to rcmni11 eight dnys in a dark,
cool pl�ce, be1Dg shaken twice a clay. The t111cture _
is then poured
off, atramed and filtered.
· D�ug_power of tincture, T'rr ·
Dil�t1ons must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
NUXVOMICA.
,Synonym, Strychnos Nux Vomicn, JJi,nn.
Nat. Ord., Lognniacerc.
Common Names, Poison Nut. Quaker Buttons.
The tree .is of moderate size, i11digenous to most of Jndia and is
also found m Burmah, Siam, Cochin Chinn and Northern A�strnliu.
 S.
345
MACEUTIC
HlC PHAR
ROM<EOP A.T

s, U. S.
3-1-4
ulp
Dr. Edwin C owk ded to n p
HOM<EOPATHIC Pll ARM ACIWTICS.

. [t, was fir st pro ven by

roo is c op ped and poun taken, the
-The fr es n\cohol a rc
lt� t_runk is short thick an <l a� trmcs crookccl _ I:c_av c� oppoi;it<', ovnlc Preparation. hen two 1mrts hy w eight of or it, nnd ''" ,. .,t of
t h

't'·"",
h

�hrnmg, from th/ec to fi_vc-vcm ccl. Flowers· m """ ;;1,,.;; fi ocn.' h ed T h p ing
"'"'· TI;, and weig .
o mug hly
w;tl, "no-sixt the wh ole
well , nnd ha.v y•
oet
,11 tC' rm i nnl s111nll )."""·" In u, ey "" ;n,leh ;�m,i mi xe d th ng st rred d
he,·,·y' ; " ,;,� ;nd ;h p� hke . n smnll o mngo .!
�•lnfow,.,, b;tt,qmi�• m wl11ch fro m one to frvc seed s arc placed
;,'!' i s fii1e d with a w hite
p ulp
ded. Aft.er h a.v i i

the alcohol ad well�l.oPP"'d boctlo, ;, ;, aln sep arated hy dccnnt ing,

lowed l.o '"""'
dg hl n

pou,ed it into•l pince. T he t.in cturc is the

trcnlly in nn irrc.gu , I a1 mnnncr. The p " I P '"d prnh,bl
· ' )· n11 parts,.,. of Ul a dark, coofiltering.
the plant ' •· •<•·ydm;n N IIX \'Otllll"� s LI
' � ,I _rcmm·ccl fro1 11
1, · "' """" · 1 � straining and of t.iuct.ure, h. ass III.
un der C l
i
; . tI 1111, !'u111cwh•1t hnr<I 'sIIC11 !>r cpicar p. it i� d - l kc, rrrcg 11larly cir­
1 c

Drug power ar ed as directed

�•trl ar , a little 1�55 tl 1 1 an! mc h i n diameter' i\1 1t n , uartcr of •·111 Dilutions must
be pre p
iw :: t •t · ,m )
!nch thic k, conc c o 1IC < or-i,al sid e• fl • t o1 conve x t 1 tic other, nnd ndolle.
its 111ar"., in is of'c" n IJroadenc, I :�nil thickened so th •1t
.. t i_c cen tral p ortion ANUM, DeCa
;tppc:11-i: d C'prcsscd.r 'fh c o1 1tsulc ed ge is en 1. l _) r d ged or ke eled . OCIMUM C ca.
Bra.zil) Al fiwa.
i Synonym, (inabiat.'C.
Ll!c seeds arc of a h
hct_ng thickly covcr�� �-1rny
't'-
Im
color, and ha�c ; t �
o , , ., .;; .,, ; ""• """' .;;;,!'? . '"""
i,111-i;.
fr om the;,.
Be nea th the Nat. Ord., L m e, H oary Bnsi\.
a aromntic
oc.lor, with
nn erect
,\, � Common N havin g an is p u bescent ,
:"my oom;,.g O n ; i i o1111 tcsta. c nc lo::inJ ) cl low! sh-gra.y, trnns- n , it
�
c ceo p es g ;
n

This is an 11 rbn out si�tecn or twcn t.y inch bmuolus. Lon-" oppo·
la t h
uc_cnt, horn-li ke and hard alb11 111c 11, whic h
us hi
soft nmg with wntcr ste m ab uppo,
b y o. an d ra m o sc no ed s , he leng th ns
t.hc limbs
�pilts into two Jarts byj'1' fissure in which iic/t'.t ho l nnd grnnved tu hc same
1s a bout thrcc -i�ntl o an "" _ lm,g, ,_.;,1, twttr c icalc
,· 'f ow,;
hcnrt-shnpcd 'luafu•ngula,, indc utc<l, on pet ioles uf 1, m;,,ol spikes ; .,,.,h whoo\
/' ly t<,<
m,,ylodo.,s nnd n e1�t;1rn.pcc rn<l1clc. site, oval, fine Flowm• whoded, fo,,n; ng iions, the
x w;tl, five d;,>·p nnd ;n­
of the le& V "• s b rn ot s. U, ,ly shn
lt was fi rst proven y Hahncmann. oo eo · neo
;th two foli e, roo,
. Preparation -0" part ot: fin ely-pulverized c ;.. p, ovided w al, ln<g• and ont;,e; l\,e nthabinlc limb; the upper \ip
u
ux vom i
� cn in g ov a hi\ hi ch
I� c overe d w ith fi�c . 1 1gl1t ?f nlcohol, nn� ��I O\\CC � � to remain ' be it le \ohc , w
o
l,
up!" r , ill\•crlcc
' \� lla. tubub posed of a. sing
h
�
� fenor. Cor o ur lobes ; th e \owcr lip c om utwnr<l-hcnt fi11111 1cnls, nn<l
w
�
1�ht days in a well-f�� p e · .d ot tlc, Ill a dnrk co�I p ince, bci11g shakc1 1
�\\ICC a da.y. The ti ncture is then poured off.' �trnmcd n nd filte red. divided into fo h free n1
1<I o nlntc nt th
eir
mens four, wit mewhat gcn ic
Amount of drug po�rnr, r\r· is.longer. Staens, wh ich nrc shorter nnd so al, fibrous, rather r nmosc.
tic
Diluti on.s mus'" bC pt eparcrl a _c rircctcd u11clc r Class IV. two other stam forrn a nd bifid . Root ver
fi\
TI.itu
· r a.tions arc prcpar�d ,lS . <l ircctcd under Class VII base; st yle
native of Bra1.
i l.
dica hy Dr. Mu
re, Hrnzi\.
i

This plant is a.ducc<l into o ur J\\atcria l\k choppc<I and p ounded t o n.

NYMPH.lEA ODORATA A"t It wns int.ro .-T hc fresh leaves a rc e;ght .,f nloohol "" tsken,
ton. Preparation d- Then ,no poets by ,< ,1 ''" ""' or
he P"'' or it, ,u
Syn onyms, Cnstaliit p < rica. Ny 111pkca. Al ba. pulp nnd we ig ughly mi"'' wi<h one,;,,h t\>0 whole well, ;, ;, p ou<ed
N t. Ord., Nymph:ua.cc..�. <Oe pulp tho,o ded. Aftoe h"'·iug ,,;,.-,,\ stnn<l e ight cloy s in It dar k,
c:mmon Names ' Swcct-sccntcd Walcr-Li lY· \Yater Ny mph . th• ,loohol ad ered bottle, and :i\\owc<I to ed by dc c.'l nting, strniniug
into a. well-stoTh pp scpnrat
\V !�i t? Pond Lily.
. . pl a ce. e t.incturc is then
. 11 11s plant, found �/ r wing .Ill p onds ruul in still . ,1.,g g,sh wnters, cool
is c o !nm�n eastward ou hwne d ;" "" U H, s"'
" d t:itcs. Leaves five and filtering. f tincture, l-;. der C\ a ss
Ill.
, :\ , . Drug power o be prepare<\ ns clircct cd u n
'." "' "' mcl,� w;d o biculnr, deeply c orc l.ate at the base, entire
.. tip11lcs nearly rcn i fio'rm, notched at the a c , apprcsscd to the root' Dilutions must
1 1·tc, very fragrant (oftcrI f�tvcx and
!'tock; fl o wers 'v_,,1 .
' . o nc-I in 11· llll'hcs in-
. CENANTHE. nthc Apiifo\ia.
.diamet. er w hc11 ,ull cx:p· . .tndcd, opening earl 1 he morn inir, cl os-
t C r ca tn , Linn. <Ena
n1g m the a�c rn oo n)S. petals obtui:c ; aril m uc�I 1 1; on g cr tha n the sti 1 )i Synonyms, (E bc\\iferrc.
nan th
·\Vat er
o

ntcr-Dropwort.
c

t a lc oblong seeds• · , U m ck. \V

c pals four, green outs H1 c' near . ly frcc. Petals at. O rd. m \o
·
n11 111crous in InanY .rows' tl ic m ncrmo st g rn<I ua.1 l y Lrnnsformcd i nto
N
Common N ng ue.
ames, ·w atcr- He
Spain,
n cc an d
· ' r icatcly mscrtcd all over tl1 e ·s11r f:nee of tl_1 c o ary. d en , F rn
st:uncns, imb D ea. cl To nd, Sw e spe d �,
· . v Sta- L ova g e.
i s ill(\ igen
ous to E g l a
Jt ;, • ,,on,,'"" "" " "
, ms
mcns i 11cl cfi111 tc,
n
erted o n thc ovnry, the outer wit I i d 1) a tccl filame nts. This p \ swam ps. ,·k, do ng
o;,t r"'"" ,u,1 es fo,mi"S thi
n nt nted
o'?IT eighteen to thirty-cel lcd , the summit ti J cd wit h a glohnlnr g,owing in m· to fi,e feel, ,he ,out-f,he t he �te111 an<I rools bccom-
p ro_1cction at the ccnti.c, a.ro u nd whi ch arc the rf ti.nlc stig mns . Fruit attaining th, o<>t he sto ck; the juice, hol h of
dcprc�i'ccl-o-lo b1 1lar c?vcrcd wi th tJ\c, bnscs o t 1c l decayed p et:il� tub ers close to
mat11ring �ndcr 'wa' t c1.
34G HOMffiOPATHIC PRARMACEUTICS.
ing yellow when exposed to the nir. Leaves t.wice or thrice pinnnte,
the �rg111enls always abo�c half 1111 incl1, long, brondly crcn:ite or
roun�led, nnd deeply �ut �,�to three or five lobes. U:mbels on long
tcrm111al peduncles, with !Iftecn to twenty rays, two mches long or
more; the bracts of the 111volucres small and linear, scvcrnl in the
partfal ones, fo�v or n _one 111ul? r the ge,)ernl n111hcl. The pedicellatc
Jlowcrs at the c1rcumfcrenee of the partml 11111bels arc mostly, hut nut
nhrnys barren, the central fortilc ones al111o!'t sessile. Fruit somewhat
corky, the rihs hroad nnd _scarcely prominent.
. Preparation.-The fresh root, gathered at the time of hloo111ing,
1s �hopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then two 1mrts by
w?1ght of _:dcuhol are �akcn, nnd having thorou�hly mixed the pulp
. Drug power of tincture, �-
mth one-sixth part of ,t, the rest of the alcohol 1s added. After hav­
ing stirred the wh?le well, i � is poured into a well-stoppered boLtlc and
allowed to stand eight days 111 a dark, cool pince. The tincture is then
separated by deennting, strnining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, A.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
CENOTHERA BIENNIS, !Ji,nn.
Synonyms, (Enothent Gauroides. CEnothcrn Parviflorn. Onagra
Biennis. Onosuris Acuminata.
Nat. Ord., Onagrnce::e.
Common Names, Evening Primrose. Scabish. Tree Primrose.
This indigenous plant of' which there arc sevcrnl varieties is com-
monly found in fields and waste places. It has an erect, hai'ry, sim­
ple stem, two to five feet high and often purplish in color. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate, nearly entire, sessile on the stem the radical ones
bc!ng petiolate, all roughly pubescent. Flowers in' n, terminal, leafy
spike, calyx _tubn!ar, adherent to the ovary; petals four, obcordnte,
yellow. Fru_1t n fo�1-cellecl capsule containing numerous seeds.
� tructive distillation of hones in the mnnufacture of lnmp-blaek, nnd
. Preparatlon.-Ihe fresh plant, gatherecl when coming into flower,
1s ?hopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then two pnrts hy
weight ?f alcohol arc taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth
part of 1t, and the_ r<:5t of the alcohol added. Arter having stirred the
who!� well, pour 1t mto a well-stoppered bottle, and let it stnncl eight
days m a dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decnnt­
ing, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, t
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
OLEANDER.
Synonyms, Nerium Oleander, Linn. Ncrium Album. Nerium
Varicgatum.
Nat. Ord., Apocynacero.
Common Names, Oleander. Rose-bay. Rose-Inure!.
This shrub is common in Southern Europe, Arnhia and Northern
Africa. It is cultivated elsewhere as an ornamental plant. It grows
HOMCEOPATHIC PITARMACEUTICS. 347
�to a height of ten or fifteen feet. Stem and branches covered with a
nearly smooth, grnyish bark. Lcnvrs lnnceolnle, acute nt each end,
whorled in thrces,short-pctio!:Lte, s111ooth, entire, coriaceous, fine-pointed.
at apex, with prominent transverse veins beneath. Flowers large,
rose-colorcd, in tcrn,inal corymhs.
The drug wns first provc11 hy 1lid1n1•111ann. ·
Preparation.-The fresh leaves, g:tthcrcrl when the plant is coming
mto bloom, arc chopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then
take two-thirds hy weight of alcohol, add it Lo the pulp, stir nnd 111ix
well together, nnd strain Lege arti.s through a piece of new linen. The
tincture thus obtained is allowed to stand eight days in n well-stoppered
bottle, in a dark, cool place and then liltcred.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class II.
OLEUM. ANIMALE lETHEREUM.
Synonyms, Oleum Animnlc Dippelii. Olcum Cornu Cervi.
Common Names, Animal Oil. Dippel's Animal Oil.
Preparation of Animal O il.-This oil is obt.nined in lnrge qunn-
tity in the prepnration of bone-blnck. Similar prnducts are obtained
by the dry distillation of other nnimal suhstnnces. The original Dip­
pel's oil known in pharmacy wns produced from slng's horn. Dippel,
an npothccnry of the seventeenth century, prepared the oil benring his
name from crude fotid animnl oil, ol. conm cervijwtidmn, by submitting
the latter to .repeated rectification nlonc, until it no longer left nny
black residue. The oil thus obtai11ed is colln-lcss, highly refracti\"e, hus
a not unpleasant odor, somewhnt like that of cinnamon, nnd n burning
taste with fl. sweetish nftcr-tnste like it mixture of pepper and ciunnmon;
its specific gravity is 0.865. ·when kept for some time it turns yellow,
especially if exposed tu light.
Nearly nil the nnimnl oil of commerce is now obtained by the des­
the crndc product is gcncrnlly purifie,l by rectifying it with the addi­
tion of snnd, lime or water. Thnt which is rettifiecl with wnter is very
mobile, has a pungent. disngrccnblc, �moky, ethercnl odor nnd nu ncrid.
pungent taste, followed by a cool and bitter one. Its specific gravity
is about 0.75. It is soluble in eighty parts of water, ensily in alcohol
and in the fatty r111d ethcrenl oils. On submitting it to frnctional dis­
tillation n 11u111her of bases nrc ohtnincd from it, nmong which arc
pyridine,picoline, lutidine nnd collidinc, together with amines of methyl,
propyl, butyl, etc.
It was first proven hy Nenning, Germnny.
Preparation for Homceo . pathic Use.-Animnl oil is triturated
ns directed under Cla�s VIII. Or, one part by weight of animal oil is
dissolved in nine parts by weight of' alcohol.
Amount of drng power, fo-.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class VI-a.
348 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
OLEUM CAJUPUTI.
Synonym, Cnj11puturu.
Nat. Ord., Myrtacctc.
Common Names, Oil of Cajuput. Oil of' Cnjcput. Kayu-puti
(white wood).
This is It volatile oil ohtniuecl f'r-0111 the lc:wcs of Melaleuc:t Cit· jtr p11ti '
Ho,·b11r.1Jh (sc11 J\L Minor, Smith).
Origin.-The tree is, :1ccordi11g to Bcnthn111, n vnriety of llf. Lc11crt­
dc1ufro11, Linn., wiJcly sprci�d nml nbun<la�t in the ludian Arcli i­
pclngo and the Mnlnyau Pc111nsula, nnd also rn Austrnlin. The tree is
smnll, with entire lnncc-shnpcd leaves, nnd smnll, white flowers in ter­
minal spikes.
Preparation.-The leaves arc submitted to distillation with water'
the process _ being conducted in a very primitive manner.
Propertles.-Oil of c11:jeput is :t transparent, mobile fluid, of n
clear �rcc1! color. I� odor is fragrant nud camphor-like, 1mcl the
taste brttcr!sh! aromatic and somewhat cnmphornceous; both odor all([
t��tc arc �11mlar to the flnvor of cnrdamon and rosemary. lts spe­
_
cific gravity rs from 0.91 to 0.94. It can be cooled to -13° C
(8.6� F.) ,�ithout_ solidifying. It dissolves iodine, at times with the pro�
d11ctron of redd!sh vapor. \Vhcn treated with sulphuric acid it
becomes brown 111 col�r, the tint changing afterwards to purplish­
h!·own. As the gr<:en tmt of tire oil is due to copper, the color may he
drschnrgcd by treat111g the oil with dilute HCI.
It wns proved by Dr. C. Ruden, U. S.
_ �rati<?n for Hoi:ire?path�c Use.-Onc part by weight of
. Prep
oil ot Cfl:JCput rs drssolvcd 111 nmcty-urnc pnrts by wcrght of strnng (95
per ccn t.) nlcohol.
A�nor!ut of drng power, rlrr ·
Drlutrons must be prcpnred as directed under Class VI-fi.
OLEUM JECORIS ASELLI.
Synonyms, Oleum Moirhure. Olcum Hcpatis J\fonhure.
Class, Pisces.
Order, Tclcostia.
Family, Gadicla.
Common Names, Cod-Liver Oil. Cod Oil.
Thi � is n f'a�ty oil obtained from the liver of GadttJJ .Morrh 1,a, L. and
of allrccl species.
The _well-known cod-fish. G. Morrhua, is an inhabitant of the North
Atla11t1t; 011 the banks of Newfoundland, and in their ncighborhnorl.
Iu the same wnt?rs are fo1111d the hake and haddock, both spcci l 's
of Gndu�, wh�se livers also f'ur11ish the oil. On the coast of Norway
the species chrcfly used for the purpose is G. Callnrius, called dor.�c,
but the _ cool-fish, �- Cnrhonarius, is another source of the oil. The
mode of prepnrnt1on varies in diflcrc11t localities.
. On t!r<' North A1!1erican coast, the livers arc subjected to grnd 11 nlly
mcr �as111g heat, which causes the oil to exude from the tissues, and by .
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 349
�,.
mechanical separation and filtering, the oil is obtained very pure. Iu
Norway nnd the neighboring islands the process is conducted in a more
primitive and less cleanly manner. The livers nrc placed in barrels or
.baskets and kept in a sunny locality, the oil slowly separating out.
'Sometimes steam is used or the livers arc boiled with water, and the oil
is removed by skimming.
Properti es.-The best corl-livcr oil is of' n pale yellow color, al­
most without taste, the fishy flavor hciug in this kind at its minimum.
When prepar<:d at too high n _tempcrnlure, _or_whcn dcco�position _ � as
set up in the livers, the color 1s darker, untrl m some specimens rt 1s a
reddish-brown. In the latter case the fishy taste and smell are well
marked, and the oil has a decidedly acid reaction ; in the pnlc oil the
acid reaction is faint. The specific gravity is nearly nlikc in the two
kinds, the lowest (pale), being about 0.92, the highest (brown), 0.93.
Alcohol in the cold will take up about G per cent. of the dark brown
variety, while it will not dissolve out more than 2.5 per cent. of tho
pale. Owing to the presence of biliary matters, the addition of sul­
phuric acid causes a violet colorntion, soon changing to brownish-red.
It was first proven by Dr. C. Ncidlmrd, U.S.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Cod-liver oil is tritur­
a.ted, as directed under Clnss VIII.
. OLEUM LIGNI SANTALI.
Synonyms, Oleum Sautalu111 Album. Oleum Santalum Citri-
num.
Nat. Ord., Santalnccre.
Common Name, Oil of Sandal-"\Voocl.
Au oil obtained from the wood of Bantnlum Album, hinn.
Origin.-The sanrln.l tree is indigenous to mountainous pnrL'l of
Eastern
the Indian Peninsula, and is also found in the islnnrls of the forest .
Archipelago. It grows in dry and open si�uations, not _ in �
1s
The tree attains a height of from twenty to thirty feet, and 1t.5 trunk
tree is
,from a foot and a half to three feet in circumference. The ,
felled nod the trunk allowerl to lie on the ground for several months
ants.
in which time most of the ino<lorous sap-wood is eaten away by very
The heart-wood only is used, and when distilled yields, even with
rude and imperfect apparatus, from two to five per cent. of the essen­
tial oil.
a
Properti es.-The oil is a light yellow, thic� liquid, having _
charac teristic a rccablc and aromat ic odor nnd a hitter somcll'h nt acrid
� C.
taste. Its specific gravity is 0.96; it begins to boil at about 214
°
(417.2 F.).
°
.
Preparation for Homreopath1c Use.-One part by we10-ht of
.
oil of sandal-wood is dissolved in ninety-nine part.<; by weight of aYcohol
Amount of drug power, T� o- -
Dilutions must be prepared ns direct.eel under Olm•� VI-fi.
.Triturations are prepared as directecl under Class VIII.
 350 HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 351
OLEUM RICINI. -:.days in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, being shaken
Synonyms, Olettm Palmro Christi. Riein11s Communis. Ricintts twice a day. The tincture is then poured off, strained and filtered.
L:cvis. Ricinus Virdis. Drug power of tincture, r\r·
Nad. Ord., Ruphorbincem Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV
Common Name, Cnstor Oil.
A fixed oil from the seeds of Ricinus Communis Linn. 9LIBANUM.
'�'he castor oil plant is a nnt.iv of Inclin, but is lnrg<'ly cultivated Nat. Ord., Burscrn.cere.
t.h1011gho11t � he world. fo the U111ted �
States all or nearlr all the cas­ Common Names, Gum Olihnnum. Frankincense.
tor _orl used 111 �he couutry is the product of' home cultinition. In its From several species of Boswellia.
_
nnt1ve hab1lal, rt is a tree, bu� in the Northern 8tates of Arnerim it is prigin.-The difforent species of' Boswellia, from whose sterns oli-
nn :111!1ual h rbaceous plant, 111 the Southern a good-sized sh rn h. The • banum is obtained, are' not well known. Those furnishing the drug
frurt 1s a tn-cocco
:-
us capsule, containing one seed in each of its three inhabit the hot, dry regions of Eastern Africa. Frnnkinccnsc has
cells. been known since the earliest times, and wns held by the ancients to
Preparation.-The oil is obtained from the seeds by subjectiu" be of great value. The fragrn.nt gum resin is distributed through the
them to great pres.sure after th integuments have been rernovcl leaves and bark of the tree, and, it is said, even exudes ns mi! ky juice
_ �
\Vhcr! t(1c mar? rs n�arn P!'csse� wrt\1 the nid of heat, a second yield of from the flowers.
_
�he orl 1s obtarned out 1t rs of rn fcrior quality. The cold-prcsse<l oil Collection.-Longitudinal incisions arc made in the bark at the
�s nearly tnursparent and _of a pale yellow tint. It has a faint, mawk­ season when the intumesccncc of the parts beneath is evirlenccd by the
ish taste nnd odor and 1s somewhat viscid. Its specific gmvity is glistening of the cuticlti. The gum pours forth at first white as milk,
nbout 0.�6. It ?ocs _not solidi(y m�til cooled to -1?° C. (about 0°·F.). ·and as it hardens hy exposure to the nir is sufferer! to accumulate
,y1._ _ en e:'posed rn thm layers rt drres up to a varnish-like film. It is _below the incision or on the ground, to be collected afterwards by the
d1str _ngu1� hed by rts.
property of mixing in all proportions with glacial gatherers.
acctrc nerd or absolute alcohol. It begins to boil at about ' 2(.i5° C· Properties.-Thc olibanum of commerce varies very much in
(509 F.). .
°
quality and appearance. Jt may, however, be described as a dry
Prep_a�ati on for �OJ:?ceop�thic Use.-One part by weight of gum-resin consisting of detached tears of all sizes up to an inch in
_
castor od 1s dissolved
_ III n111ety-nrne parts hy weight of alcohol. length,. and
_ roundish, oblong or irre�ulnr in shnpe. The color varies
Ainm�nt of drug power, �- from pale yellow to reddish. Their l'rncturc is wnxy. The gum-resin
Ddut10ns must be prepared as directed under Class VI-fi. softens in the mouth, has a tnstc resembling somewhat thnt, of' turpcntine
with slight bitterness nclded; its odor is terebint.hinate and balsamic.
ONISCUS ASELLUS When heated it softens, burns, a.nd clifl'uscs nn a� recnble aromatic orlor.
When rubbed up in a mortar with water it gives a white c_mulsion.
Class, Insecta. It dissolves almost completely in alcohol.
Order, Crnstncen.
Family, Oniscicl:,-e Isopoda. Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Pure olibanurn is tritu­
. l'ated as directed under Ulnss VII.
Co_m�on � am�s, Common \Vood-lousc. Sow-Bug.
�l11s little nnnnal '.s from three tu six lines long; it hns fourteen feet, "oNONIS SPINOSA, Linn.
four antennre, of whrch two are short nnd almost entirely concenl
cd
the others _ sctaccous, bent, having_ five or six joints; its body is oval:• Synonyms, Rcmorn Alopecuroidcs. Remorn. Arn.tum. Rcmorn
c�vc�ed with many cn�stacc?us preces, transverse, sub-irnbricnted Urinaria. Resta Bovis.
, nncl
p10v1ded at _ the extremity with two short and very simple appendages. Nat. Ord. Lcguminos::c.
f)ie color !S gray, more or less deep, verging on blue or brown, Common Name, Common Rest-hnrrow.
with yellowrsh This perennial vegetable is found nil o\·cr Europe, where it grows itt
_
stones, 111• humrd . streaks or spots. The oniscus is found in ccllar:i, under
places, and �ccms to shun the light; when touched it uncultivated fields, dry past.urnges, along roads, hedges, etc. The root
rolls up rn a_ ball; the taste rs sweetish _ is as thick as the finger, branchy, descending into the ground two feet
, nrrnscous; the odor clisngrce­
ble, ari:imoumcal. The ,Onisctt.s asellus should not be confounded with OIT more, reddish-brown cxtcnmlly, whitish internally, of a sweetish­
� .
:J1e O,ii.�ws armadillo, Linn., which hns severn.l feet and no bifid tnil slimy and somewhat acrid-bitter taste; stem recumbent below, erect
It was firs� proven by pr. H?ring. above;round, ligneous, brn.nchy, spiny; leaves petiolate, sparse, ovoid,
Prepara�10n.-The hve an11nals are crushed and covered with five serrate, hairy on both sides, the lower ternnte, the upper untlivided;
_tParts by werght of alcohol, and the mixture allowed to remain eight flowers solitary, axillary, with short peduncles, of a pale purplish eolor
or with rosy veins.
,.
3G2 IIOMillOPA'rHJC PI-lARMACIWTICS.
• llOl\l<EOPA'l'l-1 I\; J'l I ,UOI AC1W'J'lt'8,
Preparation.-Thcfresh plant, gat.hered when bc ?.inning to flower,
is choppecl nncl po11n<led t.o a p11lp and weighed. 'lhe11 two pnrts by
weight of' alcohol arc tnkc11, the pulp mixc<l thoroughly with one-sixth
part of it, nnd the rest of the alcohol nddccl. After having stirred the
whole well, pour it into a well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight
dnys in n dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decant­
ing, strnining and filt.cring.
Drug power of' t.inct.urc, A.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
OPIUM.
Synonym, Pn.pnver Somnifcrum, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Papavcrnccre.
Common Names, Opium. White Poppy. Succus Thebaicus.
This widely known and extensively cultivated plant is believed to
be a native of Asia. It was cultivated by the ancients, and in the
present day its product is largely exported from the Levant, India,
Persia. and other Asiatic countries.
The white poppy is an annual herbaceous plant, 0£1,cn reaching
n. height of three foct and sometimes more. Its stem is glabrous, glau­
cous, lc:wes !iHgC, clasping, cut-dcntatc and altcnmto; flowers bril­
linnt.ly white, largo and terminal; capsule globosc, two to four inches
in diameter, cont.nining numerous white sC:c<k The whole plant
:ibounds in n milky juice, which exudes when nny part of the plant is
wounded but is most abundant in the capsules. The plant flowers, in
Asi1i Minor, between May nnd July, according to the elevation of the
land. A fow days nftcr the foll of the petals, the capsule, then about
nn inch and a half in diameter, is ready for incision, which is made
wit.It a knife, transversely about half way up, extending about two­
thirds of t.hc circumference and not deep enough Lo penetrate the
parieties of the capsule. The iucisions are done in the afternoon,
ns a rule, and t.he next morning
f
arc found covcrctl with exuded
juice. This is scraped of with a knife and transferred to a poppy
leaf, which the gatherer holds in his left hand. Ench poppy head is
cut only once, but as the plant procluccs several heach1, nll of which are
not of the proper age at the same time, the operation of incising and
gathering has to be repented two or three times in the same field. As
soon as n sufficient quantity of the hnlf-dried juice hns heen collected
to form a. cake or lump, it is wrn.ppc<l in poppy leaves and put for a
short time to dry in the shade.
Opium comes in commerce in brown cakes of a somewhat shining
appcn.rnncc externally; the interior is moist nod coarsely granular,
and varies in tint from light chestnut to blackish-brown. Its odor _ is
peculiar, nnd is commonly described ns narcotic n.nd unpleasant; its
taste is hitter.
The bin.ck opium from Smyrna is the strongest, and is the kind used
for homreopathic �reparn.tions.
This drug wns first proven by Hahncmnnn.
353
Preparation.-The gum opium, dried and powdcrccl, is covcr�d
with five parts by weight of dilute alc_ohol, and nllowc<I to rem�m
eight days in a well-stoppered bottle, m a. dark, cool )?lace, ben!g
shaken twice a day. The tincture is thcu poured off; st.rn111ed nnd hl­
tered.
Drug power of tincture, 1\.
Dilutions must be prepared as dircct.cd under Closs IV, except that
dilute alcohol must be used for the 2x and 1 dilutions.
Triturations arc prepared nccordiug to Class VII.
OPOPANAX.
Synonyms, Opopanax Chironium, Koch. Pastinaca Opopannx,
Li,mt.
Nat. Ord., Umbclliferre.
Common Name, Rough Parsnip.
.
This is a perennial plant indigenous to_ the �ast�rn countries border­
ing on the Mediterrnnean, and now grow111g wild !n Southern _Eur�pc.
_
It hns a long, thick, fleshy root, a tnll branchmg stem,_ p111na�1fid
leaves with oblong, serrate _lcaflc>ts, and small ye�low f�owe1:5 !n tcrmmal
umbels. "'hen t.hc stem 1s wounded, a. ycllow1sh-nnlky Juice exudes,
which, upon being dried in the sun, is known in commerce as Opopn!1ax.
Descrip tion.-Opopanax is in irregularly angular or sometm�cs
almost globular maFsell, vnrying in size from that of a pen. to thnt of n
walnut; their color is, in gcnernl, Y?ll_owish-brow_n, wh1tc-s1�ecklcd C".·
ternally, and when broken they cxl11b1t a wi:xy fracture.. The odor 1!1
peculiar, strong and disagreeable, th� taste b1_t.tcr and acrid, and when
heated the substance softens nnd emits a gnrltcky odor.
.
Preparation .-The gum-resin is powdered_ nn�I covered _with fi,·e
parts by weight of alcohol, and allowed to remain eight _ days 111 a ,�·cll­
stoppered bottle, in n. dark, cool place, being shaken twice a dn.y. The
tincture is then poured oil; strained aud filtered.
Drug power of t.incturc, r'll' •
Dilutions must be prepared as <lircct.cd under Clnss IV.
OPUNTIA VULGARIS, Jlfiller.
Synonyms, Cactus Opuntia, Linn. Opunt.ia Ilumifusa.
Nat. Ord., Cn.ctaccre.
Common Names, Prickly Pcn.r. Indian Fi�. . . .-
This is a low, prostrate or creeping plant., pnlc, with n_ at ov�to JOlllts i
the minute leaves ovnte-snbulatc and a.ppresscd; the axils b1:1stl;:, often
with a few small spines; flowers large, sulphur-ycllm)·, openmg 111 sun­
shine for more than a day; berry nearly smoot.h, crimson, pulpy, cat­
nble. It is found growing in sandy fields and rocky places, from Nan­
tucket, Massachusetts, southward, usually near the coast. Its flowers
appear in J uue.
Th? drng was introduced into our Matcria Mcdica by Dr. S. P.
Burdick, U. S.
Preparation.-The fresh twigs and flowers arc chopped and
304 BOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
pounded to n pulp an� wci"hed. Then _ two pnr� by weigh� _of alcohol
arc tnken, the pul mixed tl10ro11ghly 1�1th 0�1c-s1xth pnrl of 1t, nnd the
rest of the nlcohor nddeu. After h1Lv11w stirred the whole well, pour
it into a well-stoppered bottle, ntl!l let it stand eigh_t d:iys i? _a <lark,
cool pince. The tincture is then scparntctl by tlecautmg, stram1ng nnd
filtering.
Drug power of tincture, t..
1Jilutio11s must be prcpa.re<l as directed under Clnss III.
OREOSELINUM.
Synonyms, Ath1unnnta Orcosclinum, Linn. PcLLce<luuum Orcosc-
lin11m. Apium Montnnu111.
Nat. Ord., Umbclliferrc.
Common Names, Mountain-Parsley. Speedwell. Galbanum.
This plant, occurring on loose meadows, (iills and slope: � nearly oycr
all Europe, has a perennial root, almost s11nplc, ycll_ow1s)1-gmy, fur­
nished with !L cluster of brown fibres. Stem erect, with fmc furrows,
glabrous, not very .brnnchy, from one to two fee� high. J{11dical leaves
pctiolctl, large, tripinnate; leaflets oval, deeply 1ntlentcd, glabrous; the
teeth terminate in white points. Corymbs terminal. Invol�1cre �?u­
sists of a number of lanccola.tt>, rcvolute leaflets. Petals white. Ihc
ripe fruit is almost round, Hat, with a broad, pale yellow border.
The whole plant has au agreeable aromatic smell and tasto, like com-
mon parsley. . . . pored bottle, and let it stand eight days in a dark, cool place.
Preparation.-The fresh plant, gathered shortly before 1t bcgn�s �o
flower, is chopped and pounded to n pulp nnd pressed out lege ?-rt� 111
a piece of new linen. The expressed juice is then, by � risk �g1tnt101_1,
,
mingled with an equal part by weight of alcohol. 1 he mixture 1s
allowed to stand eight dnys iu a well-stoppered bottle, in a dnrk, cool
place and then filtered.
Drug power of tlncture, ½.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
ORIGANUM VULGARE, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Labiatro.
Common Names, Common Mn1jornm. Mountain Mint. Organg.
This indigenous perc11ninl plnnt is found �rowing i11 poor soils along
roadsides and in fields. Its stem is erect, squnrc, purplish and dow11y,
twelve to eighteen inches high, and branching nbovc. Lca.:'cs on�tc,
entire, on petioles, and hairy. Flowers nearly regular, p11rplis)1-wh1tc,
spiked in paniculate corymbs. Corolla. fonnel-shnpcd, upper_ lip c1;c,ct,
lower with three ncnrly equal segments; stamens four, nsccndmg. I he
plnnt has an agreeable nromatic odor and tnstc. Flowers from J unc
to October.
This drug wns proven by Dr. CC'.'-Solcs, Rev. Hom. du Midi.
Preparation.-Thc fresh herb, in flower, is chopped and pounded
to a pulp and weighed. Then two pnrls hy weight of nlcohol nre
BOMffiOPATIIIC PHARMACEUTICS.
taken, the pulp thoroughly mixed with one-sixth pnrt of it, and
rest of the ulcohol added. After having sLirred the whole well,
it into a well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight days in a ,
cool place. The tincture is .then separated by dccautiug, straiuin.c
filtering.
Drug power of tiueturc, A.
. Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
OROBANCHE VIRGINIANA, Linn.
Synonym, Epiphcgus Amerieanus, Nuttall.
Nat. Ord., Orobanchc::c.
Common Names, Beech-drop. Broom Rape. Cancer I
Squaw Root.
This is a parasitic plant found growing in nil parts of 1
America 011 the root.':! of the beech tree. From a bull of rigid, ,
brittle rootlet.':! arises a stem one foot higl1, entirely IC'afkss, glal,
dull red in color, branching, and flowcr-hcariug iu it.� whole IP·
The flowers arc subscssilc, alternate, and brow11ish-whitc in color.
. plant has a nauseating, bitter, astringent taste.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plant is chopped and pounded to n
and weighed. Then two parts hy weight of alcohol arc taken, thr
mixed thorpughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the al,
added. After having st.irred the whole well, pour it into a well
tincture is then separated by decautiug, straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, !.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
OSMIUM.
Symbol, 0s.
Atomic Weight, 1D9.
Origin and Preparation of Osmium.-The separntion ol
metal from iridium, ruthenium, and the other mctnls with whicl,
associated in nntivc osmiridium, anrl in platinum residue's, rl1·1
chiefly on its ready oxidation hy nitric or nitro-murintic ncid
ignition in air or oxygen, and the vol::ttility of the oxide thus prod
-To prepare metallic osmium, the solution oht.ained hy condcn�in:
vapor cf osmium tetroxidc in potash is mixed with cx<·c"� of It
chloric acid, and digested with mercury in a well-closed huttlc :i
C. (104° F.). The osmium is then reduced by the mcn·ury, :11,
amalgam is formed, which, when distilled in a stream of hydro1,r1·
all the -mercury and calomel arc expcllcd, lcav<'.� metallic o,:mi,
the form of a black powder (Bcrzcli11s). The metal rnny also I,
taiued by igniting ammonium chloro-osmitc with sal-ammoniac.
Properties.-The properties of osmium vary nccording to it"
of preparation. In the pulverulcut state it is black, destitute of fl
lie lustre, which, however, it nc']uircs hy burnishing; in the c-rn·

35G HO�l<JWPA'l'IIIC J'HAltllfACEUTICS.
slate, ns obtn.inc<l hy Rcrzrlim,' methml n.hovc drs<·rihccl, it cxhihitR
111ctnllic lustre, n.rnl hns ii dc11sity of' 10. D1•villc n11cl Dchray, hy
iguiting prccipit:itc�I osmium �ulphi�lc i_ n n. c1:ucihlc of gns-_cokc,_ n� _the
rnclting hcnt of lllckcl, ohta111cd 1t III hl1rn,h-hlack, easily thv1s1hlc
lumps. \Vhen heated to the 111clting point, of rhodium, it becomes
111orc compact, :rnd acquires n._ density of'_21.3 to 2! ·!·.
At n. �till hi�h_cr
lcmpcral.11rc, capnble of mclt111g ruthcniu111 nnd 1rnltun1, and vol:itil1_z­
ing platinum, osmium likewise volatilizes, but still docs not melt; 111
fact, it is the most rof1·nctory of nil metals. . . .
Osmium in the finely divided slate is highly comh11st1hlc, cont1n11111�
to hurn when set on fire, till it is nil volatilized m, lctroxidc. Jn this
state also it is easily oxidized hy nitric m 11itro-n111ri1Ltic :�cid, being
converted into tctroxi1lc. U11t after exposure to reel heat, 1t hccon1cs
lc.�s comhustiblc, and is not oxidized by nitric or 11itro-11n1rintic neid.
Osmium which hns been heated to the rnclt.ing point of' rhodium, do,•s
not give off any vapor of tetroxidc when heated in the air to the melt-
ing point of zinc1 but takes �re at higher tc�npcrat�1res.
. Common Name, Peony.
Osmium was mtroduced mto our Matcna Mc<l1ca hy Dr. BoJllnus,
Russin.
Preparation _for Homceopathic Use.-Osmium is triturntcd
as directed under Class VIL
OSTRYA VIRGINICA, Wittel.
Nat. Ord., Cupulifcr::c.
Common Names, Hop-Hornbeam. Iron ,voorl. Lever ,voorl.
This s1111LII tree is spread throughout �he United Stat:5. It is fro1) 1
25 to 30 feet high; the bark is brownish, and finely f urrowed long1.­
tu<linally. Leaves oblong-ovate, tapering, twice serrate, downy be­
neath; burls rather acute. Fertile amcnts oblong, pendulous. Fruit
similar in appearance to hops, consisting of mcmbrnno�s imbricntc �I
sacs. The wood is very white and hard, 1ind bccn,usc of its strength, 1s
much used for making levers, etc.
It was first proven by Dr. \V. H. �urt, U. S. . Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class I.
Preparation.-Thc heart-wood, m coarse powrlc)·, 1s_ covered ,�1t!t
five parts by weight of alcohol, nud allowed to rcmn111 eight clays 111 a
well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, hcing shaken twice a dny.
The tincture is then po11rcd off, strained ancl filtered.
Drug power of tincl II re, ,•<r ·
Dilutions must be prepared ns d1rcctccl under Class IV.
OXYDENDRUM.
Synonyms, Oxyclcndrnm Arhorcum, DC. Andromcdn Arborea,
Linn.
Common Names, Sorrel Tree. Sour-Vvoorl.
This tree is found growing in the Mirldlc States and southward al�nµ;
the Allcghanics, and often reaches a height of fort>• feet. Leaves like
tho!ic < ,f: t.hc _prneh in Rizr :111d l"h:ipr. f1111r to lh·r 1111•li1•• l1111!!. tlr1•id11-
,
HOMCEOPA'fII re PJIAJlM ACIWTWS.
Flowers white, pnniclecl in slender spicatc rnccmcs. yalyx
nearly distinct sepals; corolla um-shaped, ovate, lh-e toothed.
an oblong ).)yramidal pod, five-celled and five-valved, mnny
The foliage 1s acid to the tnstc.
Preparation.-The fresh leaves arc chopped aud 1mu111I,
pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol ar,
and after thoroughly mixing the pulp with ouc-sixth p:1rt 11:
rest of the alcohol is atldcd. Aller. haviug stirred the who
and poured it into a well-stoppered hottle, it is allowed to !'l:111
days in IL dark, cool place. The tincture is then scparntcd liy
ing, straining and filtering.
Drug pO\\'CI' of tincl.urn, ,\.
Dilutions 111ust be prepared as dircctc<l under Class IJI.
PlEONIA OFFICINALIS, Linn.
. Synonym, Rosa Bcncdicta.
Nat. Ord., Rnnunculnce::c.
This perennial ornamental pl:int is said to he n native of I
It has a foscicul:ttc, many hcndcrl root-stock, which is dnrk hr,,
ternnlly, and white and granular within. The stem is hrm1<·li
feet high, leaves bi-and tri-pinnat�ly <livi�cr(, green smooth n11
ing; leaflct,s ovatc-Janccolatc, vnr1011sly 111c1scd. J,\lowPrs lnr•
minnl; sepals five; petals fil·c to eight; st:rn1cns numeron!':
two to five. Petals arc ohovale, cither entire or crcnatc. Fln11
purple-red, although there arc rnricties white, pink or flrsh-c11I,
It Wf\.S fir. t proven by Dr. Gryrr, C:ermany.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root, gathered in spring, is ('hnp1
pounded to a p_ul_p, �nd pressed o_ut leg� m:tis in � piece o�· m·,
The expressed Jll1Ce 1s then, hy br1F:k ag1tatwn, n1111glcd \\'llh :11
part by weight of alcohol. This mixture i� allowed to stnnd <'iµI
in a '\vell-stoppcrcd l,ol,l,lc, in a dark, cool place, nml filtered.
Amount of drug power, L
PALLADIUM.
Symbol, Pd.
Atomic Weight, 106.
Preparation of Palladium.-,Vhcn the solution of crud,
num, from which the grc.ntcr pnrt of that metal has heen pr�t'i
by sal-ammoniac, is neutralized by sodium cnrbonatc, 111ul mix,
a-solution of mercuric cyanide, pal Indium cyanide sepnrntes ns:
isl;i, insoluble substance, which, 011 hcing washed, dried and hl':'
redness, yields metallic pallndiun� in :i spongy state. The p:ill
may then be welded into a mnss, 111 the same 111:111ncr as plnt111t11
Properties.-Pa.lladium closely rc!'emhlcs platinum in c'.11,
nppcni:nnrr; it, is also vrrv 111allrahl<' and d11etile. Jt� dp11�1f,
358 HO:.l<EOJ' ATH JC PI I ARM ACEUTICS.
ii-; more oxidiznble. \Vhen hented to redness in the nir, especially
in Lhc stnte of sponge, iL acquires a blue or purple superficial film of'
oxide, which is aguiu reduced at a white heat. This metal is slowly
attacked by nitric acid; ils besL solvent is nitro-muriatic nci<l.
Palladium was proven hy JJr. Hering.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Pallntlium is trituraLeu
a., directed under Class VII.
PANACEA ARVENSIS.
Common Name, Ponrman's l\forr.11ry.
This is a tree cxcecrlingly common in Brazil, where it is known ns
cizongne dos pobre.� (mercury of Lhc poor), cabednla nnd erv,, car11.evra.
Introduced into our Mnteria Medicn by Dr. ]\fore, Brazil.
Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves are chopped and pounded to a
pulp and weighed. Then two purls hy weight of' alcohol arc taken,
the pulp mixed thoroughly with onc-�ixt.h part of it, nnd the rest of'
the alcohol added. Alter lmvin� stirred the whole well, pour it inLo
a well-stoppered bottle, and let 1t stand eight days in 1t dark, cool
pince. The tincture is then separated by <lecauLing, strniuiug and
filtering.
Amount of drug power, It.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
PANCREATINUM.
Synonym, Pnncrcatin.
The pancreas is :t large gland, situated deep within the abdominal
caYity, and whose function consists in the claborntion of' a secretion
known as the pancreatic juicr. The pancreatic juice hns the triple
property of itctini;- on s11trch, whether in the raw or boilc1l state, with
grent energy, rnp1dly converting it into grnpc sugar; of exercising a
sol vent action upon protcids similar to the action of the gnstric juice
upon the same bodies, in so for that hy it protcids arc convcrLc<i into
pcptoncs; nnd on fats it hns a two-fold action in emulsifying them and
splitting up neutral fot.g into their respective acids nud glycerine. The
active princii:ile is 1t nitrogenous ferment called pancreatin.
Preparation.-Prof. , 'cheffor's method, as given in 1875, is ns fol­
lows: Fresh nnd finely chopped beef pancreas is mnccrnted for a day
in wnter acidulntcd with a little hydrochloric aci<l; the mnccrntion is
repeated with water, the strained liquids filtered, neutralized with cnl­
\·it1m carbonate, ngain filLcred, and mixed with an equal volume of !).'j
per cent. alcohol; the precipitate is washed with dilute nlcohol, pressed
hctwcen bibulous pnper, and dried at the ordinary temperature.
Properties.-Pnncreatin prepared after Scheffcr's formula is a
:,cllow transparent mass, which is quite brittle, and looks like albu-
111c11 dried after solution. It dissolves slowly in wntcr, hut not quite
l.'.ompletely, and gives n. pale yellow solution which is transparent, nn<I
11cutrnl to test-paper. It is precipitated by itlcohol aiul hy heating,
., .. ,I .,1. 1 ... 1 ... 1 .. ,.1.1,.,.;,. ,11,;,1. it ,•,.n1•1i11 ·
IlO�C<EOI' ATHIC PH,\ R�CACEUTICS.
Preparation.-Purc puncreatin is triturated, as directed Un,
Cta.�s VIL
PARAFFIN.
Synonym, ParafTinum.
Origin.-Thc colorlcss, crystalline, fatty substance known by
1mmc of par:t/l_in is the solid portion of the mixture of oily hyclrn,
bons, produced togct.hcr wit.Ii other suhstauccs when various org:i
bodies nrc destructively distilled at temperatures not exceeding a
red hcnt.. It also exists ns a constituent of many varieties of' pl·
!cum, nssociatccl with liquid hydrocnrhons similar to, if not idC'11I
with, those contained in the tar pJ'(Jcluccd hy destructive distill :11
of bituminous and other coals. .Native pnrnl1-in occurs in the �­
state in coal deposits aucl other bituminous strnta in various part
the world anrl constitutes the minerals called fossil wa,1;, ozokerite, <'I
Properties.-1'nraflin docs not po8scss nny indivi<lunlity ,.1,,
cally; it is prolmbl It mixture of' scvcml hydrocarbons just a�
r
liqui<l petroleum oi is. The parnffin of commerce, when purr,
solid, colorlcss, translucent subst.iwcc, without odor or tnstc, nnd �•
what resembles spcrmiiccti. Its density is about 0.870; it melt­
tween 45 ° and 65 ° C. (113-14!) ° F.), forming a colorless oil whir·l
cooling solidifies to a !amino-crystalline nrnss. It boils nt about !'l7P
(698 ° F.). It is insoluble in ,rntcr, dissolves in 2.85 parts of lu,i
alcohol, but on cooling is deposited from that solntinn in snow-11
needles, which arc soft, friable and grcnsy to the touch. Jt is 1
soluble in ether and oils. It is but slowly attacked by strong
phuric acid, even in the warmth, and not at nil hy dilute nitric:,
heated with strong nitric acid for some time, it is said to yield i::111·,
and butyric acids.
Preparation for Homreooathic Use.-Pitrnflin is tritur:
as directed under Class VII.
PAREIRA BRAVA.
Synonyms, Chuntludcnclron To111cntus11m, Ruiz et I'av. C.11',
·Chondodendron, DC.
. Nat. Ord., Menispern1nce::c.
Common Name, Pnrcirn Ilrnvn.
Pareira brava is a name meaning in the Portugrsc lanp;11ng1•
vine; in medicine it is applied to the roots of a plant which is 1n·111
Ohonodendron tomentosttm, Ruiz et Pav., and not Gi..�-'Jampelo.�, n �1
of which was founded by Linnrous and called by him C. pareira,:
erronequsly believed the latter to be the source of the medicinal
Chondodendron tomentosum is a tnll climbing shrub with larp;e, !<i1
long-petioled leaves often n foot in length, gencrnlly ovittc or orn
the-base. The flowers are minute, uniscxual and rnccmosc. Th,·
is a one-seeded drupe in bunches resembling grnpcs in 11ppra1
,.1, .. ,.. whP11 t1·,1•ifpfl with :1 Paroirn hrnvn i� It ln11_g-, hrnnrhinir, woody root, at timC'S two in<"l
3GO HOMCEOPATHIC PJ!AlUI ACl,:UTH'i--,
more in dinmeter, but usunlly much smaller, giving off rootlets of the
thickness of n quill or lcs.'!, somcLimcs indeed h<'ing scnrccly larger
than horse hnir. The root is very tort111111s, trnnsvcrscly riLlgccl nncl
constricted and hnvin � 1011g lool:iit_ud!nal wrinklcs. The bark i� clark
_
brown, or even blnck, rntcrnnlly 1t 1s light yellowish-brown or at L1111cs a
clull grccnish-browu. The root breaks with a coarse fibrous frncturc
havi1w n. somewhat w:ixy lustre. Beneath the bark arc seen on trnns­
ycrsc "section two or more concentric zones sep:trntcd by irregular
circles of' a wax-like Li!> 11c; the zones arc rayed. Pnrcirn brnva is
almnRt without odor, and is bitlcr in taste.
Preparation.-Thc carefully clricd root, coarsely powcl<'rccl, is �ov­
crcd with five parls hy weight of nlcohol, and allowed to �lane! eight
clays in n well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, hcmg shaken
twice n rlny. The tincture is then poured on; strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, T¾r•
Dilutions must be prepared as directed umlcr Class IV.
PARIS QUADRIFOLIA, Linn.
Synonyms, Aconitum P:uclnlianches. Hcrba. Paris. Solanurn
Quadrifoliurn Bacciferum. Uva Lupulinn.
Nat. Ord., Lili:'tccoo.
Common Names, Fox: Grnpc. Herb Pa.ris. Tr�e Lov.e.
This plant grows a.ll over Europe, in wet woods, thickets, 111 pla.111s
as well as on mountains. The root is pcrcnninl, vcrticnl, rnmpnnt,
rounded, jointed, fleshy, whitish. Stem erect, single, rou1'.cl, unirlornl,
a foot high, herbaceous; leaves nt the top of the stem, with sho_rt pc­
cluuclcs, broad-cllipticnl or ovnl, pointed, entire, glahrou!', clisposc<l as
n cross, shining bcnenth, veined, with shnrp edges and three or four
nerves; calyx four-leaved, greenish-yellow; peduncles from one to two
inches long, and furrowed ; llnwcr yellowish-green; berry !lark hluc,
shiniug, slightly 'lundrnngul:.ir. The fresh lcnvcs and hcrncs have !L
disagreeable nnd narcotic odor; the root h:is n pungent odor nnd a
nauseous taste.
It was first proven hy Hnhnc111ann. . Prep_aration.-The fresh root is chopped and pounded to :o
Preparation.-Thc entire fresh plnnt, gathered at the time of
ripening of the berries, is chopped nnd pounded to n p� p il a1_1d pressed
out Lege artis in n piece of new linen. The cxprcssccl JUICC 1s then, b y
brisk agitn.tion, mingled with an equal pnrt hy weight of a.lcohol. '�his _
mixture is allowed to stand eight days in a. well-stoppered bottle, Ill a
<lark, cool pince, and then filtered.
Drug power of tincture, �.
Dilutions must be prcpnrcd as directed under Class I.
PASSIFLORA INCARNATA, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Pnssiflorncem.
Common Names, May Pop. Passion-Flower.
This is n climbing indigenous plant found in �he Sm_1thc_rn Stntcs as
far nnrth n!' l\f:irvland. Tts �11'111 is �111onth. nfl<'n <'linthmg- 20 to 30
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
·.:.•feet. Leaves deeply three-cleft, the lobes oblong, acute scrrntc ·
.ol� furn;ished with two glands. Flowers large, show):, nenrly \,
with a triple crown, purple nnd flesh-colorcd. Involucrc of thrcr
vate glandular brnctlets. Calyx of five sepals, cup-shnpcd, deeply
parted. Petnls five. Stnmeus five, connatc with the stipe ot
ovary. Fruit a large, pulpy, pale yellow berry, ovnl nnd cal
called May Pop.
• Preparation.-The fresh lcnvcs, gathered in l\[ny, nre chn
and pounded tc a. pulp nod weighed. Then two pnrts by w<'i).! I
alcohol are tnken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part
and the r E;St . of the nlcohol added. After having stirrcd the ,.
well, pour 1t i.ntc a well-st?ppcrcd_ bottle, and let it stand eight d:,
a da.rk1 cool place. The tmcturc 1s then sepnratcd by rlccnntiug �1
ing and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, t.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Clnss III.
Synonym, Paullinia Timbo.
N;it. Ord., Snpindnccoo.
Common
_ _ Na1:1es 1 _(in Brazil) Guaratimbo. Timho-Sipo.
ThlB beautiful haua 1s commonly found in the woods of B rn zi
litem, of a flexible und tc1mcious ,rood, furnishes slender, sli<rhtlr I'
oent branches with deep purnllcl furrows. The lenvc•s n�c nit,·,
with winged petioles; they 11rc compo�cd of live folioll's wlii,·I
alm�t �essile, ov�l-lanccolnt?, crcnulntc, irrcgulnrly hijugnt1•.
flowers are smnll, m spikes,_ s1tuntcd on nxes thnt nrc ncco111p11ni,
le:afleb! arising from the nxils of the leaves. Cnlyx with fh-c fi,
corolla with folll· petals, nlten�ating with the foliolcs of the ea lyx :
stamens; ovary with three t1111-ovulatc chn111bcrs. Capsule pr:11·-�I
and�. divided nt its superior part in three tubcrclPs. Hool
ong fasc1?ulnte bran?hes, which nr� a littl? hairy nt their exlr!'m
It was mtroduced mto our Mntcrm Mcd1cn by Dr. l\lmc, Brazi
and we�ghed. Then two ports by weight of nlcohol nre tnkc11
ulp ID1Xed thoroughly with one-sixth part of' it, and the rest "
eobol added. After lmving stirred the whole well, pour it i,
-sr,oppere� bottle, and let it stnnd eight clays in n dnrk, cool I
e tincture IS then sepnrnted by decanting, strnining nnd filtcri11
�o�nt of �rug power,¼-
Dilutio� must ,be prepnrcd as directed under Clnss III.
SEDOIDES, hinn.
Nat. Ord:., Crnssulnceoo.
Cbmmon -Name, Virginia. Stone-Crop.
• is a hardy_little plant, found growing in open wet situnti,
a and the United Stntes. Stem from ten to sixteen inch<'�
ohes few, short; lenves nlternntc, scattered, two to thrcc in<'h<'�
3G2 HOMCEOPA THIC PHARMACEUTICS. HOMCEOPATHIC PJIARMACEUTH:S.

by o ne-half to one inch broad, smooth, shnrply nnd unequally serrntc, Preparation for Homreopa:thic Use.-Purified pepsin 11
lan ccolate , acute; flowers arranged on the upper side of the brnnchc.'l turated as directed under Class VIL
of the cyme, pale yellowish-green ; petals ge n erally wanting. Flowers ·
appear from July to September. PETIVERIA TETRANDRA, Com.
It was first proven by Dr. D. B. Morrow, U. S. Synonym, Petiveria Mappa Grnveolcns.
Preparation.-Th e fresh plant is chopped and pounded to a pulp· Nat. Ord., Phytolacacem.
mu! wci�hcd. Then two parts hy weight of' alcohol arc taken, the . .
Common Name, (in Brazil) Pipi. Erva_ clc Pif�L
pulp mixed thoroughly with o n e-sixth part of it, nn d the rc.-;t of the This bush is common i n the fields around R10 ,Tm1c1ro, when' 11
alcohol nddcd. Ancr having stirred the whole well, pour it i nto a soms the whole year. Its branches arc _ erect, somewhat �nnn<·1
well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand ci �ht clays i n a dark, cool pince. slightly pubescent at their extremities, with nltcruatc, glnbnn!!<,
The tincture is then scp:u-atcd by decanting, straini ng nm! filtering. what undulate leaves. Flowers small, scattered oycr .long axill:i _
Amount of drug power, i. terminal spikes; perian th p e rsiste nt, hcrb_a�c�llls, w1_th four )111c:1r
Dilutio ns must r,c prepared ns directed under Class III. ions. Stamens four, alternate with the <hv1s1ons of the pe_nnnt.li._ ·
little taller. A single ovary, surmoun ted b)'. � style, �hvuled 1111
PEPSIN. reflexed stigmata. Capsule flatte n ed, contmmng a s111glc seed.
roots are branching an d very fibrous; they s� ell stron_ gly of g:11
All the investigation s into the process of stomach digestion tend to It was proven by Dr. Manuel Du�trte Mor�1ra, l3rnz1I.
prove that the in ffucnce of the gastric juice upo n proteids, is a ferment­ Preparation.-The receutly dn ed root 1s powder e<l a,)d c•·
action due to the presen ce of a ferment-body in the �astric juice. This with five parts by weight of alcohol. 1-favin� po_ured the rr11xt111
ferment-body which, as yet, has on ly been approximately isolated, is a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowc� to rcmam e1�ht days at/\ .,
ea Iler! Pep.�in. ate temperature in a dark J?laec, berng shaken twice a day. I Ii,
The preparatio ns 11scd in medicine under this name are more or less ture is then poured off, strnmed a nd filtered.
impure from the prese n ce of various salts, pepto n es, etc., thus reducing Drug power of tincture, 1\r-
the pcpt,ic action of the extract. A good quality of commercial pep­ . ,
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV,
siu is made by Prof. Schcffor's process ns follows: The well-cleaned
fresh stomach of the hog is deprived of' its m11cous membrane hy dis­ PETROLATUM.
section, and the memhrane is finely chopped an<l allowed to macerate
in water which has hce n aci<lulatcd with hyclrochloric acid. A flcr Common Names, Vaseline. Cosmolinc. Ge?line.
standing for several <lays, the liquid is to he strni ncd, the strni necl por­ Under the names, Vaseline, Cosmolinc and Geolmc, has he<'1 1
tion :dlowc<l to rest and finally decanted f'rom the scttlings; it is the n duced a proprietary substance which, _from its extr?mc blandn,
to he mixed with its own volume of a sat11rate<l solution of sodium 'from its fovorablc consistence, has gamed gen crnl fovor ns nn : 1
chloride, when the pepsin will scparnt(} out and float upon the surface tion in inflammations of the skin. .
of the heavier liquid. The pepsin is then to be throw n upon n 111111"lin · It is a d·ense, neutral, concentrated, olcnginous body, ohtanwd I
strainer and pressed to remove any adheri ng salt solution; it _should jecting crude petroleum to di�tillat_ion fo_r the J� urposc of cx1_1cll'.
s. The residue 1s purified w1tho1rlr _the use 01
n i1t be suffored to dry i n this state or it will become leathery nllll tough.
lig}1 t hydro-c arbo n _
It is to be again dissolved in water a nrl filtered to remove m11c11s a nd ea.ls and is deodorized by nnimnl charconl. It consists cssent 1
cnlcium phospha te, with which it is still contaminated; the filtrate is par�ffin and some of the hcavi coal oils. .
to be precipitated by sodium chloride solutio n nncl again pressed, n nd Preparation for Interna Use.-Pctrolatum 1s prepare<! h
on drying, the sodium chloride which still remains attached to it will ration, as directed u nder Class IX.
appear upon its surface as a white efttorescc ncc, and can be removc<l PETROLEUM.
by a short immersio n in water. It is then Scheffcr's purified pepsin,
Synonyms, Oleum Pctr::c. Oleum Tcrrrc. Bitumen Li 1
1
which is dissolved readily by water ncidulated with hydrochlonc nci1l,
forming a clear colorless solution. Naphtha Montana. .
Properties.-Purified pepsin is a light powder, yellowisl�-brown in Common Names, Coal Oil. Rock 01I. .
color, havi ng a faint, peculiar odor which is n ot repugnant, and n ·The name petroleum is employed so loos �ly to designate lll1
somewhnt salty taste without the slightest putridity. It is slightly liquid hydrocarbons, that it is important_ to 1nsure _ �he use o("t I
soluble in water or alcohol. According to Scheffer, one part of his substance which Hahn emann emplo yed m_h1s provm g. �Ill.
ing the liquid p ortion of_corn m ? rc1 al _p tr'. >lcum with�"
purified pepsin dissolves more than 3,000 parts of coagulated albumen by agitat � _ not ,1,
in a few days, acid, and then rectifying the port lllll wl11ch this ,1cul (locs
Tt t• ,�l,,,,";,.,d ,•1111c.:tlf11tinn ;c.: \"PI'\' rn111pl<'X.
 3(
3G4 HOMillOPATHIC PHARMACl..:UTICS. HOMCEOPATRIC PHAR�!ACEU
TICS.

ds brown, oblong- ova te, about 011

Properties and Tests.-It is n light oi l n uicl I
l Flowers white, in umbel s. See two l n t<·1
tcriHtic _ nrip h l ha'i_t ;!:��� _' O �\�:c� h t h ree cl orsnl r i hs 111111
9

i
1 1 t
� �:11. : :t�l l�l�trn
c eighth of an inch long, furnish ed wit The seeds hnvc :rn acrid, hi t1
::;/ �� t:�r: ��';� ��� \ 1 y olum �s o 1 sul p hur ! c nerd 1111(1 w:itc r, ones, and having several oil-tubes.
son ic unplea�nntncss.
no c hange takes pince be ·011,\ ·! ts IT11J >n rt1 11g to t he a c1 1I nny y <' llow tint
taste, and the odor of caraway wi th 1i11g, Uernu111y.
it · a nd i tself 1;cco mmg colo rlc �· Dro11 n by N cn1
· may po!=<Sc�s . · sy stn_m. 11ccl 0 I 1 wI ·, paper, This drug w a s fi rst prov e
y dried fruit, is conri:cly I'"
1t evaporates comple tely lc:w· . i1g_ � no g,c�
'. 1tntc mt h t11· 1c:� .
. lo, , H'curc ''•�rlH frpc-
' Preparation.-The fresh, carefull ht of alcohol, all(] nllow<·cl
s by weig
clom from ot her volnl'l,' o ,1g its hulk of r!'ctifipd dered, covered with five part cool pl :1
Fpi r it, nJHI filter t h ro� g�h ;\ II mlous paper prcvw11Rly 1 11o i�tt•1 1cd wit h red bottle, in a da rk,
remain eight days, in ll well-stoppe ture is t h en p oured ofl; stra i11
rectified ·s11iri1· '•. o.1 't1 mny I >c sc1>·u"1t. · • c<I 1 · ' t I ,y n1c m1s of a
"1·0111 tli c sp m being shaken t wice a day. T he tinc
b11 rcLtc. lt III IISt 1)C Cl, Cl. vcd Ill wc ll-stoppc rccl bottles .and filtered.
lI 1 1cn1:urn prove1rthe crude R angoon Jtock Oi l , a tl; in ligh t y <'l lo w Drug power of tincture, -h·
��
vn ri ; . d under Class IV.
Dilutio ns must be prepared as directe
Preparation for Homreopathic U 0
e
nt�,;,��
o 1
1�. s di
�
:� ��! : :1 g p ���� , To-O-·
cd/1 ni ncty -nin:�>�r ts b; �-�:;1:f 0?�\��l�r:i�
PHOSPHORUS.
.
]YiI llLHms must be prepared as directed under Class Vl-,�. Symbol, P.
Atomic Weight, 31.
Phosphorus.-Phospl1orus d
Origin and Preparation o{
d in combina tion as phospha t ·
PETROSELINUM. 1
Sy �nyms, Pctrosclinum Sativ um Hoffmann Ap·1Um Pctroscli- -not exist free in nature. It is foun compound), py romorp hite (lc:i
calc ium
m1m, l.,u m. Apium Hortcnsis. Caru:n Pctroseli ;rnm · many minerals as apatite (a
mous de posits of calcium phoiap
l1
N at. 0 rd., Umbcllifcrm. Wagnerite (magnesium), etc.; euor ome of the Caribean Islands. ·1
in s
.�0.mmon Name , Parsley. are found in South Carolina and ·
was fi r st btai ned free in 1669 by evaporating urine and iµ
1111: wel, l know . n piant, cu tt·I vatc< 1 ev.erywh n. pn t-Ircr1>, ,s element h111
. ere. :is • n. to ex st
o
. 1769 i t wns foun d
' . ing the dried -residue, aud in
i in
nal 1 1·r o f Sou thern E 11ro11e From ·u I s 1J1c1111rnl roo t arise s n nnunll y :l nes by t rea t ing t I
· rus may be obta ined from calcinc<l bo
ro1111d ' erect ' brn nc h ( ng stcm f'rom t wo to 1iour feet h ig h • Le ave s arc Pho spho q id res ul t, evaporating it
the li
f
with sul phuric acid, leaching of
u
<I ecrn11po11 11rl; sco-mc nts of the 1o 1.e • . s cu,� catc-ovat<'; t�r111i1111I o nes resid e wit char coal in cnr th <'n
r mr g the
trifid, all i nc ised� S tem lcavcs. l1i a v? uicc- mear suh-e 11t1rc segme nt s. dryness and then distilli
u h
tube whose frcr
n
dw th a wide hcn t
The /lowe rs ·u·c l i·dc yc11 o w• ,' smal l, 1 11 .u mbc ls wit h i11v o l1 1 ec ls of t hree torts, each retort being connecte orus so obtained is purifi<'<l hy 11•
i

is under water. The crud e phos ph

to five a wl:sira>c 1 tl l11·11 c .•ta,. 1 IC
, SCCt" 1 nrc .Slllllll ova· tc, f'ivc-n)' J J icd, d ark it with a m ixtme of'
sulphp rit · :•
green, and have t he odor of turpen ti ne. ' ing it under water and agitating e ns t e imp ur t es nrc oxit fo
ch
and potnssiu m dichromn.te, by whi
m a h i i
was proven by Dr. Bcth m an11 Germany w m wat er, run i
is, while und
� .
tli c_•r cl 1 · w Iien commg _in.to hlo_om, afterwar d the melted phosphorus
er nr
reparation.-Thc fresh pla ut
is c hopped and p ounded to n.1m'1 'a�� p 1 essc d out lege arfl.� Ill n p1<•cc tubes. iat i
, . cssccl .111.P• · . es in commerce in cy lindrical
of. I}CW linen · T he exp1
.
1cc 1s then, by bris r · Properties.-Phosphorus com have a 11
· . . l� ag1 tn _ 1011, n1 111glccl which are tra nsparent, co orle s o r pale yell ow, nnd
.
s
wit h n n c q unl pnrt hy weig h t of nlcol o1' TI 115 mixture 1s allowc1l to es it has the con!'istcncy of wa:--
l
. lustre. At ordinary temperatur
i;tnn d eig h t d:tys in a wcll-st o I )pei·c•d �ot·t1 e, 1 11 a dark, cool p lace, and brittle and crys ta i e. Its sp 1·,
at low temperatu res it becomes
ll n
then fi 1 tercel. .
ity is 1.83 . Its fresh ly cut surface emits a g arlicky odor
Drug power of ti11c t.urc A grav st ck of p osp o us "
of water, a
when nearly co vered by a layer
h h r
Dilutions must be p rcp�r�d ns directed under C lass I.
i
ph sph rus oxid e i n white fu
n of
izes slowly with the producti
o o
id•
c odor is oftrn mistakenly conE
o

and of ozo ne, whose cha racteristi slow ox ida tion is c ,·idenced
1
spho rus; this
to be the odor of ph
PHELLANDRIUM AQUATICUM ' z·
le in
Jt1t1l.
visib
o
Synonyms, ffi nnnthc Phcllaml rium_, L�ama rckl·. S Ennnthc Sa r- esce ce, of cou se only
slight luminosity called phosph
r
1111
or n
mcntosa. Fccniculum Aquaticum. Fremculum Ca mllmum. oil of turpentine, or a sma ll 111110
dark. A tra ce of naph tha, or pr ven t t s p henomenon. Jk
Nat · Ord • , Um'-uc 11'I/erm. i t to
olefiant gas in the air is sufficien
e hi
Common Names PI •
icIIllll(1 num. • 1vc.-leavcd ,vatc r-IIc mloc k. infl:unes and !,urns v i
vidly, prod11
. . . . ' . F' in the-air to 50° C. (122° F.) it F.) o ut of c1111
· l plnnt f'01 1 11d grow111g 111 Europe and No '·tl ,c,.u to 290 C. (554
°
'I'. I1 1.
s 1s IL 1llCllllln
°
phosphoric oxide. 'W hen heated
A �m, !n swam . ps and on r iver hanks. The Sl b 1 1c a nged .
with the air it distils o1.1ver;,.unch , ..,,.1.,,,, ,li�n)pl,iilf'. C'hl11rnfi1r111. th<' ""1
r_ow, l 111Par, ot hPrs arc pi1111a tcly cl ividr(I, lca f ir.;s ���1�r)('c1 ����i,�,��/i1t�: l'L • 1. .... : . .. 1 .. ,.

3GG llOMCEOPATHIC l'flAltMACIWTICS.
and fixed oils; 100 parts of the following tnkc 11p of phosphor11s:
volatile oils nlmut four part;;, fixed oils two, ether fro111 one to one arnl
one-third, ordinnry cor11111c-rcial sulphuric ether 0.5, a11<l 90 Jll'r cellt.
:1l<·nhol 0.:3. Jt, iii iuAol11hlc in w:tt\'r. \Vhr11 kt•pt unill'r wntt•r
for n. long tin1c it becun11'.s covered with a thin white coating from
�upcrfi!'ial oxidat.io11 hy the atmospheric nir di!<solvcd ill the water.
J 'hosphorns. w11s first. proven by Hnhncrnnnll.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Strong (95 per rent.)
nlcohol with nn cxccs.5 of phosphor11s is put into an open botl le in n.
hut-water hath, :111d after t.hc phosphorns has melted, vigorously shaken
till cold, then decanted.
Amount of drng power, rn\Tll' ·
The nhove sn.luraled solution corresponds to the third decimal po­
tency. 'J'rn drops of this solut.ion with ninety drops of stroug alcohol
�ive the 4x or '.l potency. Further potencies nre 111ade nfter the cus­
t,1111 :1ry nrnnner. In Jfalmcmann's Chronic Diseases a method is given
fur preparing phosphor11s by triturntioll ; alcoholic solutions nrc, how­
ever, preferable.
A solution of one part of pure phosphorus in 100 of absolute ether
will hn.vc the strength of the 1st dilution; of this, one part mixed with
nillc parts of absolute alcohol, will give the 3x dilution, nnd from this
the 2d dilution cnn be made with alcohol in the regular way; dilute
alcohol should not he used until the Gth dilution is renchcd.
PHOSPHORUS RUBER.
Synonyms, Amorphous Phosphorus. Red Phosphorus.
,vhcn ordinn.ry phosphorus is heated to 250 ° C. ( 482 ° F.) for many
hours in an atnrnsphero not contnining oxygen, it is converted into :i
chneolatc-rcd powder, whose properties diffor in n rc11111rk11hlc n111nncr
f'rom those of the clement in its ordinary state. It no longer oxidizes
in the nir, it has no odor, is not soluble in the ordinary solvents of
phosphon11>, and it is not poisonous. lL'> specific gravity is 2.l•t \Vhcn
heated to 2G0 ° C. (!i00 ° Ji'.) it is reconverted into the comrnou plrns­
phorus, nnd if' the ht•:i.ting be done in the air, of course it then inflames.
Amorphous phosphorus mny be kept in the nir without igniting,
and may even be wrapped in pn.per alld handled without fe:ir of igni­
tion. Unless thoroughly purified, it is apt to contain n. smitll amount
of 111rnltcrcd phosphorus; it may be purified by suspending it in a solu­
lion of calcium chloride, specific gravity about 2.0, when any common
phosphorus present will flont n11d cnn he removed, the red phosphorus
at the same lime sinking. The latter is to be removed from the hnth
surrounding it, well wnshcd in water 'and dried.
A proving of n111 nrphorus phosphorus wns rend by Dr. H. Nonh
'.\brtin :1t the A111. l11�t. of Hom., Session of 1882.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Amorphous phosphorus
i� triturnt\•d as din•ctcd ull(ler Clnss Vll, hut the sugn.r of milk nn,1
the phosphorus 111u�t he kept moistened with alC'nhol. Thr· prrC':111ti1111
sl 11111l,l hr tnk 1 •n 111' t,•�li11" ........... ,. .. 1
FIOMCEOPATRIC PHARMACEUTICS. 3G,
kinrl (vide .mpra); the presence of even a small arnoullt of the Intl<·•
woul<l lca<l to ignition from friction ill triturntion.
PHYSOSTIGMA.
Synonyms, Physostignm Vcllenosum, Balfrmr. Escrc Nut. F11l1:1
Cnlalmrica. Faba Physostigmntis.
Nat. Ord., Leguminos::c.
Common Names, Cain.bar Benn. Chop Nut. Knowll amonµ
the negroe_s of '\\Testei·n Africa as the Orclml BC'an of Calahnr.
The plant is a perennial which grows near the mouths of the NigPr
and the Old Calabar river on the Gulf of Guincn. The plant i�
climbing in habit, nnd although its stem is woody, it of'tcll reaches :1
height of fifty feet or more. The root is spreading nncl has many fim,
rootlets, to which arc attached small fleshy tnbc-rs. The flowers nn·
purplish in color, arc fully an illch aero&«, in shape like those of
PhalJeoltUJ, except that the style is developed backward beyond tlu·
stigma, as a broad, flat, hooked appendage, nnd t,hat the seeds arc sur­
rounded by a deeply grooved hilu111. The seeds or beans nrc oblon_!.!
subreniform in outline, and with one i::ide markedly couvcx, the other
flat or slightly concave. They are from an inch lo nil inch and n. hnlf"
long, about three quarters of nn inch hroad, allcl in thickness from orw­
half to five-eighths of an illch. The seed is deep chocolatc-bnnrn in
color, with a dull polish, and the tint bccornt'S lighter nil the ridg<'�
bordering the remarkable furrow or groo\" C alrcndy mentioned. Thry
have scarcely any more taste thnn an onlinary bean, and in the dry
state have no odor; after being boiled, or during the cvnporntion of' thl'ir
alcoholic tincture, an oclor recalling that of cantharides is perceived.
The first systematic provillg was by Dr. H. L. Uhnse, U. S. 1..
Preparation.-Thc bean is pulverized, weighed, covered with five
parts by weight of alcohol, and allowed to remain eight days in a well­
stoppered bottle, at the ordinary tempcrnture, in a dark, cool pince,
being shaken twice n day. The tincture is then poured oft; strnincd
and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, 1¼ .
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
PHYTOLACCA.
Synonyms, Phytola.cca Dccnndra, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Phytolaccacem.
Common Names, Poke. Gitrgct w·eed. Pigeon Berry. Amer­
ican Nightshade. Chongrns. Cocum. Northern Jalap.
This indigenous perennial plant has n. large branching root, brown­
ish externally, and within white, fleshy and fibrous, from which ascends
nnnunlly n stem nu inch or two in tli:1111etcr, ai 1 tl frequently reaching
a height of six or eight foet. The stern i!\ !:'111ooth, round nnd brallch­
i1��? and when 111:ilurc is purplish in ('11lnr. The• Iran•� :1n• �111111111,
.
 UTlCS.
C pfIARMACE 36()
noi1mOl' ATBI
HOi\ICEOPA'l'HIC PIIARMACEU'flCS.
',. 8 ' .
' "'
<Y rccnish-wh
1t.c, in
nerous sn m \I . <' ' PIMPINELLA SAXIFRAGA, I.,inn.
.. The l\owrrs nrc Jllll' of cm_1c•w
ll. �like; corolln. . .
id1 green co\01 . C itlyx live piir tc cl, co1.0_ru1\ ii d ark pu rple be 11 y, in Synonyms, Pimpinella Alba. Pimpinclla Hircinre. Pimpinella
mes
,•nnin:i\ race unen s ten 11istils Len. F ' Nostratis. Pimpinella Umbellifer::e. Tragosclinum.
•\·ate pct It·Is·• sti ' \ ·
urplc-ref ]11·1cc· \ oppc<1 nnd 11oun <1c< 1 t,o n. ,P1 \ c
1I P Nat. Ord., Umbellifor::e.
n t� 1111ng
. ·.
·\n st c rs, co �l;c fresh root is c � , : i e t:ik c n , \1 Common Names, Bibernell. Small Burnet Saxifrage. Pim-
of alcohol
Pre� ar a�io1\hc� two parts by_ wtgh\ of' it, iincl the rc?t ?f t i�
r
pinel.
• p ·
1<\ wc1gh c
g1I1Y \\I..·1,h 011c-s1xt th 1 0 1e w ell pour 1l 111 t° e. This is a perennial umbclliferous European plant, growing on sunny
< I iit

1\I111 I \ ) mixed 1.hor011 gr

After Irnvin · stiuvl e1g
st i r ed e w 1 . 1 n rk co ol pl a c hills, and in dry meaLlows and pastures. Rr,otstock slender, hot and ac­
· \_1t d-iys 111 !\ < 'iin
r
:1knhol ad(\c\ g d {iltcrmg.
·
rid to the taste. Stem one to three feet high,slendcr, furrowed,branched.
'
d let it
"
ttl c, nn �tr ai nin
\
rc <_ l dcca.n t1 1g,
"·c\1-st. oppc ', parntctl by
t ic,n sc
1
Leaflets four to eight pairs, very variable, �errntc-lobcd or almost pin­
L 1 c l,1 11 cturc
is ,o\ 'r.. natifid; lobes of caulinc leaves much narrower. Umbels Hat-topped.
·•·1 f tin cture , der C, luss Ill .
D rug po\\·er o U'c prepare<\ as <.1°11·ected un Flowers white. Fruit one-eighth inch long, glabrous, broadly ovoirl;
Di lutions 111 us t styles small, short, reflexerL The root is l.iro,rn yellow or blackish,
usually one-headed, not over one-half inch thick, finely annulatcd
PlCHURlivl
. a Pichurim above, wrinkled and vcrrucosc below; the bark is very thick, spongy,
uc ury M ·or ' Nees. F 1\b
aJ either white or yellowish, contains numerous resin-cells, and is radially
N ectan<lra P
Synony ms,
h
striate, enclosing a yellow wood.
fras.
N cs S·1ssn N It It was first proven by Dr. Schelling, Germany.
\��t. 'ord., J.,iu1ra.cePichurim Beans. SRSsaf r: "��an" of !I. tree Preparation.-The fresh root, gathered in May, is chopped and
am e e se� l d
Common N s p111��ted cotyledons of th flat on ouc
r e li tica1, pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of nlcohol
These n rc the1 _� 'f hey arc ovn.te-oblong l . cxfcr nally , chocolated are taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, nll(]
gro\\'in g in Br 1·1i1 . other of grnyish-brown Jo �;te, as of nutm egs an the rest of the alcohol added. After having stirred the whole, pour it
1 t d
side, ar cl)cd on �\ � and '1mvc an odor an ·I nch and a half lon g, an into a well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight days in a dark, cool
colnr c«I rnt? rn

s n ssa.frns m111�lirua<I.
?'
;"c< . The scc<ls ar e ab out an
ow < ler ed, coverecl ,�1" a
t\i
place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining nnd fil­
tering.
, i c . ds ar e c oarsely p . ht days m
I ,a If see Amount of drug power, i.
· -The npe eel to. rem11111 eig . a clay.
n h

Prepa ration \ 1t °f alc ohol and aIIow

·111
• g s· haken tw
ice Dilutions must b e prepared as directed under Class III.
by wc :
1g p lac b tn
five p11,r ts 1 bottle in a d ark' , coo. l e
n�1 filtered.
e

well-stopperec_ tl1en r' oured off, stramed a' PINUS SYLVESTRIS, Li.nn.
TI e tin ct ur e is .
ID,.ug power of tincture, ,ud· as d'Irected under Class IV Nat. Ord., Coniferre.
L

p epl tr e
Dilutions must b Common Names, Scotch Fir. Scotch Pinc. ·wild Pine.
e r

This species of Pine is distributed through the plains of Northern

RIATlCUM.
I UM MU Mun·ate. of Pi from ja-
locarpm. and mountains of Southern Europe, Siberia and Mnntchooria. It.s
PlLOCARP N f pi \ oc arp in. height is from 50 to 100 feet, the trunk attaining a circumference of
vclrochlo r� tc o w ?ht.ain ed
Synonyrn , H •' reparation - 'IIH·s a\kt\loidt� im1 1 ether '
c i_n i\lco ho ,tcr t he
12 ·feet; wood red or white; bark red-brown, rough. Leaves two to
n d P It is so1 b three 'inches long, acicular, acute, grooved above, convex and glaucous
Origin a _By 11ssou ' (18 7 5) . l v1 1 in wn
bol·an ' <li leaves byn111 l d 1lute acids. g B
y d1 S $ o_\ t10 gthc solution t.o beneath, minutely serrulate, sheath fimbriate. l\fole catkins one-fourth
a m m o anf · a a \ k a ttc_1· , inch long, spiked, yellow; connective produced. Female cones one to
chlorofo rm, nct f·�om the leaves, addm clisso\ve tl� e \ a p1�1
1
m to
1
lic x.t . wit h chl orot· .
o1_ p1\ cnr two inches- long, one to three together, acute; scales few, ends rhom­
·1 lcnh e r
ln: « ' iitin •c ob tain o
\ihcr:ite t he :ilk� ?'?\01
o
���c laier and _ evapo it :tifct' the so-called mun· boid with a transverse keel and deciduous point. Seeds one-half inch
e
removing the h is is ex., actl y neutr alized w long, wing cuneate, much exceeding the nucleus.
h
t en t,
·1 1se\f · '\V h . cn . • · n coI 01·1es s, transpar s a It was first proven by Dr. Fielitz, Germany.
ate is obtam,c<1. -Muriatc of pilo �arpm J�l; in water , an d p ossm; · Preparation...:_The fresh shoots arc chopped ancl pounded to a pulp
r ties. solu and.weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, the pulp
Pr ope . e lnn1.1D:-C W h'IC·11 ar e easily te
c r ystaII m " · ' · i o-ent t a� · ...... ll
f "1\ onnrpi mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol
l bit te r so tnt�:\ t nst r nopathic U se . -Muriate o P added. After having stirred the whole well, pour it into a well-stop­
we y ak 'aom ce
Preparationr rcc'tcd under Clnss VII. pered bottle, and let it stand eight days in a dark, cool place. The
_.

;�1.-it11rntC' < 1 . n1< ci tln,•f111•,-,, i� fl1,,n c:-,....,,.,,.,,f, ,1 1 ... ,l no.... 1: .... . j,.,,;.,;,,,,. .... I filfn,•;,u ..
 .HOMCEOPATHIC I'HARMACEU'l'ICS. 371
TICS.
PH ARMACEU
1!0MCE0PATR1C
370 found growing by roadsides and footpaths. From n fibrous root, n
round !,cape rises, varying in height from 011c to three foct. The
wer,�-
Amount of dnw po repnrcd ns di rected u ml cr Gloss Ill. . leaves are broadly ovate, smooth , entire or so n1cwhat toothed, five to
Dilutio n s mu st b e p seven-n erv ed, each of whic h coutnins a strong fihre which mny he
pulled out, and abruptly narrowed into n long ch11n11Pllecl petiole. TlH'
ster.
YSTICUM, For flowers are white, v ery smnll, imbricaLcd, numerous, and de11sely dis­
PIPER METH .
ipcr M et hy icum posed on a cylindrical spike, from five Lo Lwc111.y i11ches 1011g. Small
Synonym , Macrop em.
st

c plants are freq uently found with t he spikes only half a11 i11c h to twu
Nat. Ord., l'i pcrn , Avn-A vn. Knvn-Kavn. islnnds mches long, and the leaves and stnlks proportionately s111all. Stamens
Common Names us lo the Snml wich Islands and to other res e mbles and styles long. Seeds n umerou s.
This shrnh is i m ligc n o ro ot; its 01\or
woody, ln q� c This drug wi:is first proven by Dr. F. J L u 111phrcys, U. S.
cific. It h ns IL spongy, od hi ter.
in the l':t its LnsLe is slight ly p
unge nt n t
ed tn a pulp
Preparation.-The fresh pla nt, gn thcred when coming into flower,
thnt or the lil:tc am\'l'hc fresh root is chopped and pound t.nken, the is chopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. The11 t,\\'0 pnrts by
Preparation.- two parts by weight of olcohol ar c rest of the weight of alcohol arc taken, t he pulp mixed thoroughly wilh 011c-sixlh
1111<\ wci�hcd. Theghly n
with on e-six
th part of
i t, and the
part of it, and the res t of the alcohol added. After havi11g sl.irrerl th<'
lp mi xc1 tho rou wh ol well, pour it into n wcll­
p ng sLirrc<l th
l e whole, pour it into a well-stoppered hoUlc, a11d let it stand eight d:iys
<la rk, cool p lace.
u e
a1 <lct . Afte r l mvi y i a
alcoho l l l
i t sLl\n<l ei g
ht cll\ s n
in a dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by dccnuLiug,
stoppcrC(\
bott l , n d let ni g an<l filtering.
by decanting, strai
e n n
n scparl\tc<l
straining and filtering.
The t uct urc is the
i
urc, L Drug power of tincture, ! .
Drug powe r of Linct pared its directed under Gloss Ill. Dilutions must be prepared as directed u nder Class III.
lut m ust be pre
D i i ons

PLATINA.
, Linn.
PIPER NIGRUM Synonyms, Platinum. Platinum l\[ctnlli cum.
c:c.
N at. Ord., PipcrncHinck Pepper. Symbol, Pt.
Na m e, iu Sumatra,
Comm o n
t is a n ive of i\fa labar and is cul tivated also been Atomic Weight, 195.
The pepper pln n nt
st I ndies. It h ns Origin and Preparation of Platinum .-PlaLinum is found in
her places in the ]�a plant wi th
,J1wn, .Uor neo and ot\Vest Incl itL Isl ands. It is a perenninl en ti.•ct
nature in the metallic state i11 grn nular rou11dcd 111asH'S, nnd ocenf:ion­
t, h to fifte
introduced into e ig
Lomo11sly, nnd from e ntc, five to sevt'n­
ht ally in oetohedrons. The grains are seldom pure platinum, genernlly
st m , bra nching 1lich 0 acn mi being combinations of plati1111m wit h gold, iron or copper, together
joi nted c,
re e ntire, hroiully ov:i.
e t n
f\o\vcrs
long. The le:i.ves 1t of n 1lark green color, on pe tioles. The nd nn<l with iridium, osmium, rut henium and palladium. lt occurs in Cali­
ncrvccl, leathery a n d fruit is smn.11, r rou fornia, in South America, in Russin aud in some other cou111ric!'.
slender spi ke.'>. The t-st alk.
:ire sm:i.11, whitish, innty tn thi rty on a common pcnclu \ous f ni itur it.y, , Preparation.-Crudc plnli1111111 is• 111eltecl wil h ils ow11 wc-il-(hL of'
om e gathcrc<I b efore 111:
hcrry- like, fr tw
is re t l ; the herriP!! arc c l. Af\,cr sulphide of lead and hnlf that weight of' 111!'lallic lend; the plnti11u111
an<I w hen ful ly ripe e hlackish-gray or brown nncl wrinklchitish nnd dissolves in the melted lend anrl the ol hcr metals arc left. The alloy
:Lncl by clry i g b e com n. pea , in tern al l y w of platinum and lend is melted, a nd in that slntc exposed ton current
bnliir, iihout t,he size of
n

<l ryin� they arc glo usLc nn<l peculiar odor of' pepper. ge , En g·
of air in whic h, at the temperature of the mnss, Lhc lend oxitliws
hn.ve the pu ngent t into our 1\lnteri:L 1\fodicn by Dr. Berrid • and flows off as slag; the plati11um is left behind i11 a porous maiss.
It w n.<; in t ro d uc ed When .th e latter is exposed to the hlm;I, of the o xyhydrogcn hlow-pipc
re d, arc
l am\.
The u nripe dric ll
berries, co arsely powdeo r emain it is melted, and is then cast iut,o proper moulds.
Prep ar atio n.- mid ::i\l d t Pro perties.-Pl aLi nom is a brilliant mclal, whi te i n color yet h:w­
by weig ht of n,\cohol,cool pin.cc, being shak en
owe

cov ered w ith live parts pp crc<l hotl le, in :i dnrk, e<l.
ing a blue tinge. Its specific grnvity is 21.5. Jn tenacity and hard­
a wcl l- st oil', strained an<l f-ilter
e ight days in
o
r is t hen pour ed
ness it is like copper, :i.nd it is very mnllcable and ductile. It is only
T he ti ctu e
twice l\ d:iy.
n
, lO'· fusible b efore the oxyhydrogen flame. It is u11alternhlc in the air, n11d
Drug power of tincture red as directed under Glass IV. is not affected by any single acid, only yicldi11g Lo the action of IH\tta
m s be p repa
D i lu t ion s u t regia. Pi;ecipitated pla tinum, fit for ho111roopnL hic Lrit11rntio11s, mny
be obtn:ined by pla c ing polis hed steel rods in a <lilute solution of
AJOR, Linn.
PLANTAGO M µlatinie chlorid e upon which the mctn.l will he rlcposi Led ns a spongy
iron-gray mass, wi tho11t luslrP. The precipitate•. :dler hci111-( �nnped
Nat. Ord
,...
., Plnntnp;inI :1ccm
• � ,,,. T • ., • , . ,4
.
. 1'I·.1 i 11 t "in.
,. >1 I "I
n ih f:r:1�"- "'a? Tirencl. (I' 1I ) •,1 I I I '' ' ' I l ' ' ' '
372 IlOMffiOPA'l'HW l'HARMACEUTlCS.
It wns first_ proven by Jinhn0111nnn.
P _repa�atl�>n for Ho�reopathic Use.-Prccipitnted metallic
plntmum 1s t.nturnted, ns directed under Clnss VII.
PLATINUM MURIATICUM.
Synonyms, Platinic Chloride. Pint.inn Chlorntn. Plntini Chlori-
d11m. Chlorns Plntinicus.
Common Names, Murintc of Plntinum. Chloride of Platinum.
Formula , Pt Cl 4, 5H 2 O.
Molecular Weight, 427.
. I:'repara!ion.-:--Pl'.1-tinic c(1loridc _ . is obtained by dissolving finely
�l•v_idcd pl:i.t111u111 111 n1tro-mur1at1c nc1d; when the solut.ion is complete
it 1s to b? cvnpo1:ntc� to dryness, and there will be left n red or
b�·own rcs_iduc, which 1s very deliquescent. The residue is to be n�­
d1ssol_v�rl III hy�rochloric ncid and hentcd to expel nny nitric acid
rcm�nmg. It 1s then to be cvapo_ rated, at n._ heat not over 120° U.
(248 F.), t? dryness, � red crystallme mnss bemg the result.
Properties.-O_btamed as above directed platinic chloride is a
rcd-bro_w•�• cry�tallmc, hylforoscopic powder, having a sharp metallic
taste; 1t 1s casil soluble 111 water and alcohol, for111ing transparent,
deep ycllo1� .s�IL!t1ous,
}'. . five reflexed divisions, and five stamens wilh biloc11lnr, couni1·c11t an­
(a cln.rk. redcl1sh-brown solution is dependent on
�rcse!1cc of md1�1m or of_ pl�tmous chloride). By heating, it loses a;
fll'st its wn.te1· ot crystalhzatwn and then n part of its chlorine nud
�>eeomcs_ reduced to the platinous state nnd finally, with the Joss �f all
its chlormc, there remains only the metal.
Tests.-:--Thc plat,inic chloride of commerce contains always some
water, but t!1c m�o�mt shot dd �ot exceed five per cent. After heating
one gram of plat�n1c chlondc _ It was introduced into our Matcrin. l\1cdic1t by Dr. Mure, Brazil.
for some hours on the wntcr hnth there
shoul<l he a loss m_ weight of �nly fiv? per cent. The same nmount,
heated to rcdn_ css 111 _n porcelam crucible, shoultl yield nt least 55 per
cc_nt. of met,�ll�c pln;t111um; the residue in the crucible, when digested
w�th pure n1tnc ncul, and the solution diluted with 1rn C<Junl volume
of wntcr :uul filtered through glnss-wool, should yield n filtrnte which
ought to evaporate without rc!:lidue.
IL wns firs� proven by Dr. Hufor, 9crmany.
�repa�ation fo_r H_o�reopatI1;1c 1:Jse.--:Onc part by weight of
.
]'�•1� plat1111c chlondc 1s dissolved 1n nmcty-nmc pnrts hy weight of
d 1st.1lied water.
A�101!11t of drug power, rh•
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed unrler Class V-(i.
PLECTRANTHUS FRUCTICOSUS, L'Jieritier.
Synonym, Ger111nncn. Urtic:-cfolia, Li 11n .
Nat. Ord., Labiat:-c.
This ni:onmtic shr11h i:q n 11at,ivc of' the Cape of Good 1 l o pe, and is
;�nnrn '.J111tc cxtcn�1v _ may be snid to be procured from five lllinernls, viz.: the carbonate,
?ly 111 �arclen� i11 G<'r111n11y, where it is used ns ::i
do'.1;C'!"l1c re1ncdy fnr 111tcrn11t.lc11t. fcvrr, <'.r:1111f'!". !'tr.
_
Ih r- 111· ,·111ir..: ".,.,., . ...... , .. 1. .. ,1 \ .
0
1 : ,. • •
HOMffiOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 373
Preparation.-Thc dried, powdered herb is covered with fh·c parts
by weight of alcohol, and allowed to remain eight day11, in a well-stop­
pered bottle, in n dnrk, cool pince, being shnkcn twice n dny. The tinc­
ture is then poured ofi; strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, T1n•
Dilutions must be prepared us directed under Class IV.
PLUMBAGO LITTORALIS.
Nat. Ord., Plumba�iuacero.
Common Name, (m Brazil) Picno clc Prnin .
This is a creepe1·, inhabiting the shores of the hay of Rio Janeiro.f
It.s stem is herbaceous, rounded, covered with short n11d rather stif
hairs. Its leaves arc simple, opposite, grntlunlly tapering to a short
oban.neled petiole adhering to t.hat. of the opposite side, nnd forming
tufts at certain intervals whence arise aclvcntit.ious roots. The floll'crs
form little axillary heads, with from fiftccu to twenty flowers each,
arising from an involucre with five divisions and supported by a some­
what filiform pedicle. Calyx tubulous, monophyllous, with five teeth,
and much shorter than the t.ubc of t.he corolla. The corolla is mono­
petalous, yellowish-white, tubular, puffed up at its extremity, with
thers which are longe'i· than the corolla. Ovary one-celled, Hat at the
top, whence proceeds a slender style, terminated by a glandular stig111a
w..hich is longer tlrnn the swmcns. Fruit 11101wspern1ous, clongnted,
with a crustnceous integument covered "·ith a 1111mber of stiff hnirs
that are bent over, and which presents irregular lougitudinal furroll's.
The root is perennial and ramosc.
Preparation.-Thc frGsh leaves nrc choppccl and poundecl to a
pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc tnkcn,
the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of
the alcohol added. After having stirred t.hc ll'holc, pour it into a ll'cll­
stoppered bottle, aud let it stm1d eight days in a dark, cool pince. The
tincture· is then separated by dccrrnting, straining nnd filtering.
Drug power of tincture, +..
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss Ill.
PLUMBUM
Synonym, Plumbum Mctallicum.
Common Na me, Lead.
Symbol, Pb
Atomic Weight, 207.
Origin a nd Preparation of Lead.-Lenrl docs not often occur
in nature in the metallic state. "'hile th0re arc upwards of twenty
ores of this metal known to tho rninPrnlogi!'<t, nII 1 he lead of cn111111erce
sulphate, phosphntc, arsenntc and sulphid0, the lalt0r furnishing more
r 11 1 I ,1 II 11 11 '1'1 .,1, 1: I 1.,1,.,,-11 ,. • ,,,./, .. ,, ; •

374
ROMCEOPA'l'TTJC PITATUfACEUTrCS.
.,
fournl in rtlrnost every country on tl1CJ glohc. Le11<l is prnpnrcd fro n1
galena hy firnt rn:1sl.i11g it 011 the, floor or a rcv1:rl11•rntory r11n1nc1:; hoth
.its constituents arc thereby oxidized, lead oxide 1111d sulphate being
produced. The furnace is then tightly closed, and the Inst; narncd
products react upon the undccomposcd lead sulphide, forming sulphur­
ous oxide arnl rnct:allic lead.
Lead is :t hrilliant metal of a hluish-gray color, and is so soft t.hnt it
can he readily cut with n, knife, nnrl on paper lc:t\'es a hluish-grny
streak. Jt is very malleable. Its specific grnvity is ll.4. Lead J'u�t·s
at :12:> ° C. (Gl7 ° F.), and can he obtained nyst:dliwd in r!'gulnr ncto­
hcdrons. At a red heat it is somewhat \'olatile. 1ts ten:H·ity i� very
focblc. It is not affected by perfectly dry air or hy water free fro111
air, hut the ordinary air tarnishes it; so spring nnrl oth\•r waters act
upon it, especially if they contain nitrates or chlorirlcs. 1Vatcrs con­
taining C0 2 or sulphates, cause a deposit on the surface of the mclnl
of' :� film or carbonate or sulphate of lead, and this film prev1•nts nny
forthct· :wtion by such water. Hulphuric ancl hydrochloric acids rlo
not attack it, or only feebly, at ordinary tcmpcrnturcs, hut in the pr<•s­
encc of nir and moisture weak acids, such as acetic and other vegeta­
ble acids unite with it, forming salt-s. It dissolvrs easily in nitric acid.
Plumbum Metallicum Precipitatum.-To ohtai11 pure lend
-formation of carbonate. l-JcatNl to 40 (104 F.) the snlt liqud1rs 111
in the form of powder, the galvanic process of reduction hy menus
of rods of ,.inc is the most convenient. Crystals of' ncctatc of lr.ad nrc
di,:solved in one hundred times their quantity of distilled walcr, nnrl
in four or six: ounces of this solution, coutaincd in :i suitable porcelain
dish, a fow polished rods of zinc arc put. The decomposition takes
place immccliately, and continues as long as the rcdnction of the ncc­
t.'ttc of lead is incomplete. If this process of reduction is to suc­
ceed entirely, the following rules should be observed: 1. The leaden
crystals which cluster around the rods of zinc should he frequently de­
tached, in order to prevent the formation of thick laminm which it
would be diflicult to pulverize. 2. The liquid, which now contnins ace­
tate of zinc, should be poured off as soon as the reduction cca�es, and
a fresh solution of the acetate of lend should he added. 3. As soon n,1
the operation is concluded, the precipitate, which is a dark gray, loose,
porous mass, though still cohering in lumps, should he washer! 11·ith
hot distilled water, avoiding every mechanical pressure lest the soft
mn,:s should be pressed into firm hulls. 4. As soon as t.he walrr whirh
is used fur washing flows off quite clear, the prrcipitatc should he cnl­
lectcd on a. filter, nnrl the liquid rc111ovcd by gently >rc::;.<;mg the
\
prPeipitat:c hctween the fingers, after whi<'h the metal is to >e taken out
'
of the filter a.n(l pressed with the hand between several layers of'
hihulous paper uutil the metal ceases to adhere to the paper ; finnlly,
g(•ut.ly rub t.hc metal in a warmed porcelain rnortnr, in order to rfll•('t
it� perfect dessication.
The first provers were Bcthmann, Jinrtmann, Tkring 111Hl Nl'nninJ!.
in Gn111:rny.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Thc prccipilatcrl Ic:HI
is trit11rntrrl, n� dirr > c•trd 11ndPr ('l:1�� \' 11.
...,,
lIOMCEOPA'l'l-ll(; PHARMACEUTICS.
.
i)
PLUMBUM ACETICUM.
Synonyms, Plurnbic Acctntc. Acctns l'lumbicus. Plumbi Acct
Saceharum Saturni.
Common Names, Acetate of Lead. Sugar of Lead.
Formula, Pb (C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 2 , 3 H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, �79'.'"'
Preparation of Acetate of Le_ad.-,-"Tnkc_ of oxillc of l�ad
.
fine powder, twenty-four ounc_cs; acetic �cul, _ two pmts, or a sufi1c1c.111
distilled water, one pint,. Mix the ne?t1c acid and the water ! add 1
oxide of lend and dissolve with the :ml of a gentle heat. Filter, 1•
pomte till a j1elliclc forll)s, and _ set aside to cry_sti�llize, fir �t nddi11:
_
little acetic acid should the fluid not have a chstmctly nctd react 1,
Drain and dry the crystals on filtering piLpcr without he_nt."-:-Ilr. I'
Properties .-Pure acetate of lead for111s colorle��, gl1slcn111g, tr:,
parent, right-rhombic pr_isms of' a �rcnkly acid r�action, �n ncrt·
, _
odor nnd a sweet, metall1c Lnstc. Ihey efllorrscc m the ..11 r .rnrl
come covered with a deposit of cnrbonatc. They nre sol�1�lc in ·
and three-quarter pnrls of cold and in onc-hnlf pa )'t of boilmg \\':11
and in eight parts of' alcohol. The aqueous solutwns become t11r 1
from the absorption of CO 2 from the ,;1-tmos �here and th? con serl11•
_
wnter of crystallization; at a higher t?mpcraturc it )oscs I his 11w
and if heated strongly ii, clecomposccl with the prOl)uctrn_n of nceton,
Tests.-Thc impurities likely to be present III tlus salt an•.
chloride and nitrate of' lend, acetate of sodium, compounds of cnlc1
and copper, and traces of iron. ·when a _solution of Jead acctak
_
distilled water is dcco111poscd with ammonmm hydrate III excr!'.�, :
allowed to stnnd for some time, the supernatant lluid �hould br I
fectly colorless (a blue colorntion indicates the �rcsence of ?OP("
The precipitate produced in this test should be of n pure wlutc c•
(a yellow tint is due to iron). . . .
One gram of lead acetate is� be rlissolv?d 111 10 CC. of._ d1�ttl
.
water and after complete solution fifty or sixty drops of dilute ,
phuri� acid arc arldccl and the mixture thoroughly shaken and tl
nltered. A part of the filtrate on being evaporated and then_hen
_
strongly should leave no rcsicluc _(absence of �cetatc ol sod111111
of calcium hydrate). O�her portions o� �he filtrate may be tr>
with pota.<;l ium fcrrocynnHlc (a reel prcr1p1latc means copper), "
silver nitrate (chloride), and with a mixture of ferrous _sulphate,,
tion and strong sulJ:l huric ncirl (a pmplc-brown colornt1on show,:
presence of a nitrate). .
. .
Preparation for Homceopath1c Use:-Onc part h)'. wc1gl)t
pure acetate of lead is dissolved in ni11ety-11111e parts hy weight of ,
tilled water.
Amount of drug power, T! lI •
Dilutions must be prcpn1·ecl as rlircctccl under Cln�s V-{i.
Triturntions arc prepared as directed under Class VII.
NoTF..-Tt11• tl'il111"atio11 is to he prrfPrn•,1 nn :11·1·,111nt of irs st�hility,
37G HO�f<EOl'ATlllC PHARMACEUTICS.
PLUMBUM CARBONICUM.
Synonyms, 1'l11111hic Cnrhn11aLc\. Cnrhunnll J'lurnhicus. CcruM11..
l'lu111lii ('1trlio1111s.
Common Name, Carbonate of Lead.
Formula, Pb CO 3 .
Molecular Weight, 267.
Preparation of Carbonate of Lead.-This compound is found
native a;; ll'hitc lend ore or ccrw,itc in crystals of' the irirnctric system.
The salt is readily obtained by precipitating in the cold n solution of
the acetate of lead with sodium carbonate. \Vhcn the lend solution is
boiling a basic salt fall<;, whose fon11ula is 2 (l'b CO 3 ), Pb (II0) 2 .
. Prope:ties.-The simple carbonate is a hc1tvy, solt, white poll'dcr,
1nsolublc Ill water and in alcohol. \Vith clilutc acetic or nitric acid it
eflcrn:sccs from the liberation of CO 2 , aml forms the corresponding
salt of lead which remn.ins in solution.
Tests.-\Vhcn dissolved in dilute nitric aci<l the solution shoul,l
be complete. A residue may be due to lead sulphate, calcium sul­
phate or barium sulphate. The solution when treated with caustic
alkali in excess, should also show complete absence of calcium carbon­
ate, phosphate or barium sulphate.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Pure carbonate of lead
is trituratcd, as directed under Clnss VII.
PLUMBUM IODATUM.
Synonyms, Plu111bic Iodide. Iodurctum Plum[>icum. Plumbi
Io<lidum.
Common Name, Iodide of Lend.
Formula, Pb I 2 .
Molecular Weight, 461.
Preparation of Iodide of Lead.-T1ikc of nitrate of lend, iodi,lc
of potassium, each four troy ounccs; disLillecl water a sufficient quan­
tity. Dissolve the nitrate of !encl with the aid of heat in a pint and n
h:ilt; and_ the iodide of potassium iu half n pint of the wat.P-r, and mix
the solutions. Collect the precipitate on a filter, wash it with clistillc,l
water, and dry it with a gentle hcnt.-nr. P.
Pro.perties.-Lca.d iodide, when prepared by the directions given
above, 1s a yellow powder; when the precipitation tak<?-� place in boil­
ing solutions, it is in thin six-sided scales of a golden-yellow color.
The powder is without odor or taste, is soluble in 1,300 parts of water
at 2? ° C. (68 ° F.) and in 200 parts of boiling water; it is slightly solu­
ble 111 alcohol, ether, and in dilute solution of potassium io<lidc; it is
readily dissolved by solutions of cnustic alkali, of nllmline acetates, of
ammonium chloride and by concentrated solutions of metallic iodiclcs.
It dissolves without color in soluLiou of sodium.. hyposulphitc; at a
strong heat it melts, becomes rerl, an<l loses a part of its io,linc with
the cvol11tinn of fumes which nt fir�t arc yellow n11rl finally violct­
cnlorcd, :1.nrl there remains behind :i basic iodide of lead.
Tests.-\Vhcn one part of lend iodide is rubbed up in a mortar
ROMCEOP.A.TRIC PHARMACEUTICS.
- with two of n111111oniu111 chloride, anrl the mixture added Lo tw,
of water, the color is rapidly discharged; otherwise Lhe prcs1·•
lead chromate may I><! m;s11111c1I.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Pure iodide or
trituratcd, ns directed under Class VII.
PODOPHYLLUM.
Synonyms, Podophyllum Pcltatum, Linn. Aconitifolius 11
Anapodophyllum C:urndensc.
Nat. Ord., Ilcrhcridacc::c.
Common Names, ]\fay-Apple. Mnndrakc. Imlinn
Gro11nd Lemons. Duck's Foot.
This is a perennial herbaceous plnnt founcl growing plcntif11 ll
Middle nnd \Vcstcrn States and soutJmnrd. It has a creepir,
stock several fort in length, and in thicknc.�s about a fourth of:•
The root-stock is jointed, smooth and of a broll'n color extcrn:
the joints rooLlcts iuc given ofT: Stem round, erect, nbout a fo,
sheathed nt t,he bnsc, dividing aL the top into ill'O round peti,
iwecu which is a peduncle bearing a solitary drooping floll'C'J'.
petiole bears a lnrgc bronclly-cordntc leaf with from five to sc,·(•
each lobe bifid and dcntatc toll'nrds its npcx. Sepals three, oY
cave, obtuse, decirluous; pr1nls six to nine, obovntc, obtuse, (
Stamens nine to eighteen; nnLhers linear. Fruit a lrirgc yc!lm,
onr-l'cllccl berry, croll'nccl with the solitnry stigma.
Introrluccrl into our J\[atcria J\fedica hy Dr. \V. \Villiam�"'
Preparation.-Thc fresh root, gathered before the fruil
ii. chopped and pounded to n. pulp and ll'Cighed. Then 111
hy weight of nlrol1nl arc tnkcn, !he pulp mixed thoroughly 111
Rix1h part of it, and the rrst of the nlcohol added. AllPr
1"1irrerl the whole, pour it into a well-stoppered bottle, nnd !rt
eight days in n. dark, cool place. The LincLurc is then scp:tr:
dccnnting, straining and filt,cring.
Drug power of iincLure, t
Dilutions must be prcpnrcd as directed under Class III.
POLYGONUM HYDROPIPEROIDES, Jt,fichaux.
Synonym, Polygonum ]\[ite, Persoon (not of Schrank).
Nat. Ord., Polygonace:u.
Common Name, ]\[i]d \Yater Pepper.
This indigenous pcrcnninl, groll's in ditches and wet plarrs
common sout,hwnrd. Stem smooth, branching one to three fr,
sheaths narrow, hairy-bristly. Leaves lincar-lanccolntc, taperi,
wa�·. Floll'crs ll'hitc-roscatc, on Lwo or more slender �pikes;
ci i-.:ht; sLylC' thrcc-clcfL. Acheninm thrcc-cnrncrcd, smooth.
in August an,! Scpic111hcr.
It was first proven by Dr. \V. E. Payne, U. S.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plant is chopped and pounded 1"
 378 HOMCEOPATHIC PllARMACEU'l'1CS. IiOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
1u1<.l wc(ghcd. Then two _ parts by weight of alcohol arc taken Amount of rlrug poll'cr, i.
p ul p mixed thorou�hly w1th the
_ one-sixth part of it, nnd the rest J)ilL1tio11s m us t he prepared ns directed under Cl ass III.
nlcohol added. After havmg stirred the whole, pour it into of the
a wcll­
��opp�red bo�tlc, au<l let it stnud eight days in a dark, cool pince. PROPYLAMINUM.
lhe tmcture 1s then separnte<l by decanting, straining and filterin
Drug power of tincture, L g.
Synonyms, Propylumiu. Tri 1 ncthylumina. Tri111cthyl:11
Dil u tions m ust be prepared ns directed under Clnss HI. Formula, (ClI :i ):iN.
Molecular Weight, 5!J.
POLYGONUM PUNCTATUM, Elliott. Origin and Preparation of Trimethylamina:--Tlii;
Synonyms, Po)ygon_um Acre, Humboldt, Bonpland and lfonth.
cur,; ready formed i11 ma11y organic sub�tauccs,espe _ �ially :'s :i
or deco111position. It has hccu found m hcrn11g-p1cklc, 111 I
1 >ol ygonum Hydrop1pcro1des, Pursh (not of Jficltaux). Cltenopudimn vulvaria, iu the floll'ers of Cralcrgus oxyca11//
Nat. Ord., Polygonaccrc. ac111utrili, l'y n1s.co11mmnis, Arnica 111011/anct, in <'rgot _ of ry<·, i ·
Common Names, ·water Smartweed. Biting Persicaria. Knot­ _
in putrefying yeast, etc.; it, 1s also produced by heatmg nHl"l'•
weed. "\Viki Smartweed. potassium hydrate.
This perennial plant i � of the same habit as is P. li clro i cro id .
c;i. Preparation.-Trimethylaminc may be readily and l'h•
Its nearly smooth stem 1s from two to five foet high.y Leaves pp
tai11cd hy distill ing a 111ixtu rc of undiluted herring-brine, wil
lau­
ccolatc, tal?cring. Spikes erect, bearing whitish or H csh-colorcd volume of n mixt ure composed of 150 parts of calcium hyc!
flowe rs.
Stamens eight; style three-parted; achenia three-cornered shining of potash and 1700 of wntcr, in a l nrgc gl ass flask. The cli
smooth. Fl�wers f m July to September. , ,
�� ne utralized with hydrochloric acid, evaporated t? �ryness, ,1
Pre�aratton.-Ihe fresh plant is chopped and pounded to a pulp ref-iduc extracted with alcohol and the al cohol d1st1lled oil.
and w�1ghed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol are taken, sid uc is 11iixerl with lime and water and again distilled.
p ulp nuxed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest the
of the Properties.-Trimcthylaminc is an oily alkaline liquid.
alcohol added. After having stirred the whole well, pour it into
a and mobile :111d having an odor which resembles that of stnl,
?'.cll-s�opperc� bottle, and let it stand ci ht dnys in n dark, cool pince. hrinc and of ammonia; it boils at 9 ° C.:. (48.2 ° F.); nt tt•111
Ihe tmct ure 1s then scpurnted by dccantmg, strnining and filtering
fi"
. higher than this it is 1t ?olorless gas �rhich inflames rcadily. _ _
A!no1:1nt of drug power, ½- with water nod alcohol m all proportions. It forms with nl'11i
Ddut1ons must be prnpared as directed under Class III. Jizn.ble snlts, sol uble in ,rntcr. The officiual German trim<'!
is n twenty per cent. solution in water "When this body wa
POPULUS. taincd from herring-brine it was c:dl�d prop?·laminc; _ later ,
ha ye shown that al tho ugh the two bodies are isomeric they nr,
Synonym, Populus Tremuloides Jfichatix. diflcrcnt.
Nat. Ord., Sal icace::e. '
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-One pnrt hy
Common Names, American Aspen. Quaking pmc trimethyl amiua is dissolved iu ninety-nine pnrts by '
Lc:tl: Trcmbli11g Poplar. Aspen. Quiver
distill ed wnt<'r.
Th_is ii)digenous tr_ee is abundant in the Eastern and Alllount of drng power, Ti lf •
�r'.) 1 1ng m \\"?ods cluc ly.
l\[iddlc States,
( It reaches n height of from twcnty-fi y c to Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class V-(,.
fo1 t)� fee�. 1he bark 1s smooth nnd greenish-white.
Lc1wcs small, ou
Ion /{ pct1olcs lat�rally compressed, so thnt the l e
aves respond to the PRUNUS PADUS, Li.nn.
motion _ of the slightest breeze. Leaves orbicular-henrt-shnpcd,
a�um1�mte, sh_arp-serrnte and with _ short­
downy mnrrrin s. A 1 ncnts fu rnished Synonyms, Ccrusus Padus, D G. Padus Avium. Pn11
with sil ky hn1rs. 0
mosa, Lam. Padus Vulgnris.
It was int1:od ucecl into our Materin Medica by Dr. Nat. Ord., Ro!'accro.
Preparat�on.-Tl e fresh inner bark is chopJ.>Crl E. M. Hale, U.S. Common Name, Ilirrl Cherry.
pul p an�! wc1�hcd. 1hen � and po unded to n
two parts by weight of alcohol are taken, Thi!' tree is rlistributerl throu gh Europe, Northern Afri,·
�11(1 having n11xcd �he pulp thoroughl , y �,-ith �nc-sixth pnrt of it, the :111d "re�tern A�ia. to the Ilimalnyns. It is from ten to tw!'1
! est of �l:c alcohol_ 1s added. After hav111g s�1rrctl the whole, pour it h<'ig- ht, growi11g in l'Opscs and wood!', niul is found a� an _<'I,
.
rn�o n ";!l-stoppe 1 ed bottle, and let ,t stand eight _
_ days m n dark, cool l :j()() fr<'t in Engl a11rl. Lcaws arc from two to fo ur 111t·
l!l .�cc._ Ihc trncturc 1s then scparat!'d hr. d(•(•:111tin[!. strainin"- :111,J f'llipti<'al nr ohnY;1te, :1<'111<'1.,· d11uhly $Crratc. llll<'f)U:l l l�· cord·
filf Pl"l11"
380 HOMillOPATRIC PRA R�{ACEUTJCS.
base, nxils of the nerves pu? cs�ent; stipules li11cnr-s11hulntc, glnrnluhr­
H<'1-ratc. R1�c:c111Ps thre? to (ivc IIH:hes 1011g, f'ro111 i-:hort Intern! hu�ls, lax­
fl01_rcrcJ. l< lowers half an inch to three-quarters of nn inch in di:1111rter
white, cre�t, then rendulous; pediccls :t quarter inch long, erect in fruit i
bracts deciduous, liucar. Cnlyx-lobcs obtuse, gla11dulnr-scrrntc. Petals
<'rose. Drupe one-third inch in cliamctcr, ovoid, black, bitter; st01111
gl,>hos<', n�g11sc. Flowers appear i11 May.
1 t was !1 rs� prove�1 by �cmbkc, Gennnny. .
J:>reJ?aration.-The fresh bark of the young twigs gathered in
i<prmg 1s cl !o ppcd_ and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then tw o
parts _ hy weight of_ alcohol arc taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly wif.h
01!c-s1xth part of rt, and the rest of the alcohol added. After having
H�11Ted the �vholc, pour it int o n well-stoppered bottle. and let it stand
eight �lays rn a clnrk, cool place. The tincture is then separateJ by
dccantmg, st\niuing and filtering.
A �o�nt of drug power, ¼.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
PRUNUS SPINOSA, Dinn.
Synonyms, Acacia Germanica. Prunus Communis. P ru nus In-
sf.i Iiti:t.
Nat. Ord., Rosaceoo.
Common Names, Sloe. Blackthorn.
This tree is n native of Eur ope, hut has been introduced to this
c? 11try, where i �. is found growing as ": shrub twelve to fifteen feet
high� along roads1d -'J nnd waste places m New England and s0uth­
? the lcaflefH arc sessile, ovate, short, acuminatc, downy hcncatli
')·ar�I to Pennsylvar!m:. Ilnrk black; brnnchcs spiny; leaves obovate cl­
l:pt1cal o'. �:7n:te-cllipt1cal, shnrply dentat�, at length glahrous; pcdicels
¥1abrous , hu1t smal_l , globular, �lack with a bloom, the stone turgid,
,1cutc on one edge. Flowers solitary, campanulate, with obtuse lobes '
precede the leaves.
It was first proven by D1·. '\Vnhle, G ermany.
Preparation.-Thc fresh flo,�•er-bucls, just opening, arc chopped
a�d P.°'.rndcd to a pulp ancl weighed, then mixed thoroughly with
_ nearly orbicular.
t,�o:thnds by '_l'CJght ?f alc?hol, and the whole prc..qgcd out through a
p_iccc of ne'.v lmen. Ihe tmcture thus obtained is nllowed to stand
c'ght days 111 a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark ' cool !)lace and then
. to n pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcoh,
fr! t<'rcd.
A!no�mt of drug power, ½.
Drlut1ous must be prepared as directed under Class II.
PSORINUM, Hering.
A Nosode.
Dr. Constantine Hering gives the following account of its procure­
lll<'nf. on pngc 3GG,.Vnl. TI. of the North American Journal of I-lomre•
opnthy:
"In the nuf.uinn of 1830; I collected the pus from the itch pustule of
a youn_g and othnrwii<c h<'althv ncirro. He h:id hrrn hn11rlli 11! � �nnio
ROMffiOPA'l'HIC I'll AR�!ACEUTICS.
stuff from Germany, and had thus been infected (Dr. H. nt that
n'sidccl in 1-iurinnm), but whether by rnc:rnH of acari or not I ""
;;ny. The pustules were full, large and yellow, particularly bc-t
t.hc fiugcrs, 011 the hands and forcnrms. I opened all the matun·
scrntchccl pustules for several days in succession, and collected tl11
in a vial with n.lcohol. After shaking it well and allowing it to�,
l commenced my pr ovings with the tincture on the healthy. Jti< ,.
were strikiug and decided. I aclmiuistercd it to the sick with go,,
suits. and sometimes witnessed aggravati ons. I called this prcpa,
I'sorinmn."
"\Vhcn this nlcohol is placed in a watch-glass and nllowerl to<""
mtc, small, needle-shaped and transparent crystals o f a coolin!,!.
J:(Cnt tnste will be left behind. I have always been of the opinion
this snlt, c ontained iu the morbid product, was the cause of its p('<
effect.'i."
Preparation.-Fr om the tincture obtained as described a
attenuations are prepared according to Class VI.-(3.
PTELEA TRIFOLIATA, hi,nn.
Synonyms, Amyris Elemifcra. Ptelea Viticifolia.
Nat. Ord., Rutn.cc::c.
Common Names, \Va.fer Ash. Vvingsccd. Shrubby '1'1
Hop Tree.
This Rhrnh is inclig<'no11s, growin� ahu11dnntly WC'St of the A II
nics, in !Shady, moist hedges, nnrl in rocky places. 1t is from ·
eight feet high, 11·ith leaves trifoliatc, and marked with pellucid
young, crcnulnte o r obscurely troothed; lateral ones incquil:•
terminal ones cuncntc at bnsc, f om three to four and n hnlf' i
long, by fro m one and one-fourth to one and one-half inchr�
The flowers are p olygamous, grec11ish-,rhite, nearly half au in
din.meter, lmvc a disngreeablc odor, and nrc disp osed in icr
corymhosc cym<'s. Rt.amens m ostly four; slyle short; fruit n two-·
nnrl two-seeded samnm, nearly one inch in <liametcr, winged nil
It was first proven by Prof. Th. Nichol, United Stntcs.
Preparation.-'fhc f resh bark of the ro ot is chopped and J)(I'
taken, the pulp mixc<l thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, n,,
rest of the alcohol added. After having stirred the whole, pour i
a. well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight days in n dnrk
place. The tincture is then separated hy decanting, stra,iuin�
filtering.
Drng power of tincture, t.
Dilutions must be prepared as clircctcd under Class III.
PULSATILLA.
Pu lsnt i Ila. PratC'nsis.
Synon)'.'�s, Pulf,nt.illa Nigrirnns.
382 1101\ICEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Nat. Ord., Rnnunculaccm.
Common Names, Meadow Anemone. Pusque-Flowel'. ,viud•
Flower.
The s111ull or true meadow anemone is found on sunny elevated
places and pasture-grouuds where the soil is !<antly, nucl also in clear
pine-forests, in Central aud Northern Europe. '.l'hc lcavci;, only im­
perfectly dC\·elopccl before the flowcring-ti111c, nrc raclicnl, pctiolat.c,
bipinnntc; fro111 the crown of' leaves lying upon the ground rises the
ro und flowcr-scnpc, which is three to six inches long, straight and leaf�
less, nt the top of which the beautiful c:unpnnulatc, ,·cry dark ,·iolclr
hrown flower appears, whose six pctnls arc n little rmrrowecl at the poinl,i
and arc then revolutc; it is pendulous during the flowcriug-ti111c. The
sessile involucrc con. ists of' three, mnny-fold lincar-lanceolatc, pinnatc­
clcl't leaflets, nt lil'st close to the Hower, latcl', by elongation of' the pe­
duncle, l'emote; the whole plant is beset with so�, silky-like, white hairs,
and has a woolly, lax appcnr:rncc. ]t, is odorlcss, but emits when hrui!<cd,
n mo�t acrid vapor, causing lachrymntiou. The A11emo11e Pu/,satilla Lo
which it is very similar, distinguishes itself hy being hnil'y, by its rnorc
shaggy sc:ipc, curved above, by its flower which is only half as large
and of a much darker color and with petals bent backwards at the
point.
It was first proven by Hnhnemann.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plant, gnthcrc<l when in flower, is chopped
nnrl lH>11111lcd to :� pulp and weighed. Then two parts hy weight of'
alcohol arc taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth pnrt of it,
and the rest of the alcohol added. After hn.ving stirred the whole,
pour it into a well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight days in n
dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, strain­
ing and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, &.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
PULSATILLA NUTTALLIANA, De Candolle.
Synonyms, Anemone Ludovicinna, Nnllall. Anemone Flnve:sc<'ns.
Clematis Hirsutissima. Anemone Pntens, Linn, v. Nuttnllinnn, Gray.
Nat. Ord., Ranu11culnccm.
Common Names, American Pulsatilla. Pnsquc-Flowcr.
This plant is found in North America, from Illinois and ,visconsin
west to the Rocky ]\fountains, ancl south to Lonisiann.. Its character
is ns follows: Villous, with long silken hnirR. Stem erect; in. flower,
,·cry short; in fruit, eight to twelve inches high. Leaves long-�talkcd,
tcrnately di,·idcd, the lateral divisions two-pnrtcd, the middle one
stalked and three-parted, the segments once or twice clc� into nar­
rowly linear and acute lobes. Involucres lobed like the lcnvcs, scs:silc,
subulatcly clissccterl, concave or cup-shn.pccl in nrrnngcmcnt. Sepals
five to seven, purplish, spreading, about one inch long, silky outside.
Flowers 8inglc, appenring before the leaves, pale purple, cup-shape<!.
Carpels !iO to 75, with plumous tailR, one to two in!'h<'!< in l<'ngth. Ml-
lPt•fp,J info·! , 1• 11 1111,li-.•I, 111 .. 111 1�1
HOll!CEOPATIIIC PHARMACEUTICS.
-It wns first proven by Dr. ,v. II. Burt, U. S.
. .
Preparation.-T lic fresh plm,t, gathered when m flower, 1s c�1oppe•�
and pounded to a pulp and wei.,hcd. Then t�1·0 parts_ by weight <;1
alcohol r.re taken, the pulp mixcS thoroughly w1�h one:srxth part of 11.
and the rest of the nlcohol added. All.er hnvmg stirr�d the who_ l,
pour it into a well-s��pper?d hottl� and let it stand eight day� 111
a dark, cool place. lhc tmcturc 1s then separated by dcc11ntmµ.
strni11i11g n11d lilteri11g.
Drug power of tincture, i.
Dilutions must be prepared as <lrrccted unclcr Class III.
PYCNANTHEMUM LINIFOLIUM, Pursh.
Nat. Ord., Labiat:-c.
Common Name, Virginia Thyme.
. . .
This is au indigenous perennial herb found m dry "_1tu� t1ons fro11
Mnssachusctts ,Ycstward to Iowa, and southward. It rs from one t,
two feet high, with sessile, cut.ire, rigid, li,!car l�11�vcs. The flowers ar,
clustered in terminal compact heads, with cilmt� bracts. FloW<')'
whitish. The taste of the plant is bitter :rnd rcsrnous. Flowers 11
August.
Preparation.-'l'hc fresh plant is chopped nnd poul1(lccl to a p11l1
nn<l weighed. Then two parts hy w?ight of.nlcohol arc_ (:1kcn, n11•
having mixed L1_1e pulp thoroughly 1� 1th 0!1c-R1xth part of 1t, \h_c _n·,
of the alcohol ,s acldccl. After havmg stirred the whole, pour rt 1111,
a well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight _ days in . n_ dark, co:•
pince. The tincture is then separated by dec11ntmg, strammg nn<l hi
tcring.
Amount of drug power, !-
Dilutions must be prcpnrcd ns directed under Closs III.
PYRUS AMERICANA, DC.
Nat. Ord., Rosnccrc.
Common Name, Americnn Mountain Ash.
ThiR is n small indigenous tree found growing in mountain_ wood
th roughout the Middle nnd Eastern Sta�es. 1t rencl�cs n. height"'
from fifteen to twenty feet; the trunk rs covered mth bar� of :
rccldish-hrown color. The leaves nrc often n. foot long, odd-pmnat,
leaflets t,hirtccn to fifteen, two to three inches long, lnnc<'?lat?, tap < ·1
pointc•d, sharp-serrate, bright green. Flowers small, wl11tc, 111 lnrg,
terminal, flat cymcs. Fruit a scarlet globosc berry, as large as or lnr!!<
than n pen.
It wns proven hy Dr. H. P. Gatchell, U. S.
Preparation.-Thc frc:sh hnrk is chopped nntl pounclcd to a pu I I
nncl weighed. Then two _ parls by_ weight of' n_lcohol arc taken, Iii
pulp mixed thoroughly with onc-!<1xth part of rt, and the rest of th
alcohol . added. Aller having stirred the whole �,·ell, nncl _Poured 1
into n wC'll-!<tnppr·r<•rl 1 .. ,111<,. it i:s :11lnwC'd to�t:rnrl e1g-ht. da�·f' 111 a clnrl
381 HOMCEOPATHIC PIIARMACEUTICS.
cool place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and
filtering.
Drug power of tincture, ¼.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
QUASSIA.
Synonyms, Qunssia Amara, Linn. Picr:.cnia Excclsa, Undl.
Picrnsmn, Excclsa, Planclwn. Simaruba Excelsa, DC.
Nat. Ord., Sinmrubacere.
Common Names, Q,unssia. Surinam Qunssin. Ritter Ash. Bit­
ter \Vood.
This tree is cominon on .elevated lands in Jamaica, nnd is also found
in the Islands or Antigua and St. Vincent. The tree resembles the
ns\ is from fifty to sixty foet high, with alternate, pinnnti/id le:wcs;
leaflets elliptical, acuminate, without petioles, deep green above, paler
beneath. The flowers are inconspicuous and greenish, and the fruit is
n black shining drupe the size of a pert. The qunssia from the Jamaica
tree is not officiual in the Gcrrnnuicn Pharmacoproia, nnd the edition
of 1872 forbids the use of it.
The Surinam Qunssia, officinal i n Germany and used also in France,
is from Qnassict amam, a shrnb or smnll tree, with pinnatifid leaves and
ll'ith bright red flo\\'ers. The fruit is a two-celled capsule. Surinam
qunssin is in cylintlricnl, or at times bent, bmnching pieces vnrying in
thickness from.that of i i finger to that of an arm; in length from a foot
to a yartl, aud frequently covered with the thin whitish-gray bark, which
is easily removable. The wood is yellow, without odor, and has a very
bitter taste. It is light and finely fibrous. The Jamaica qunssia has
a wrinkled, thicker, rougher bark than has the Surinam variety, and
the bark is not readily separable; the Jamaica wood is paler in color
and denser.
It was proven by Dr. J. 0. Milller, Austria.
Preparation.-The dried wood, of the branches and trunk of the
tree, is coarsely powdered, covered with five parts by weight of alco­
hol, aud allowed to remain eight clays in a well-stoppered bottle, in a
d111·k, cool plnce, being shaken twice a dny. The tincture is then
poured oil', strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, -r'IJ·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
QUILLAIA SAPONARIA, Molina.
Nat. Ord., Rosaccre.
Common Nan:ies, Quillaya. Soapbark.
Q. -�ctponaria is an evergreen tree founil growing in Peru and Chili.
The bark is used in medicine and contains the nctivc principle, Sapo­
nin. The bark comes in commerce in pieces two or three foet long, hy
several inches in width. The pieces are flat and nhout one-fourth nf
an inch thick. The external corky l11.ycr is generally removed, lcav•
ing a_ pale, hroll'nish-colored, smooth inner layer. Th<' hnrk hns rnn-
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 385
"<,+
sidera}>Je toughness, is dense, and on fracture, splinters. It is without
odor, and· its taste is at first merely mucilaginous, but aftcnrnrd is
sharp and acrid. The dust from the poll'dcrcd bark provokes sneezing;
an infusion of the bark produces 11. lather like that of soap.
. Preparation.-The dry bark is coarsely p<>ll'dcrcd, covered with
five parts by weight of alcohol, and allowed to rcmnin eight days in a
well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool place, being shaken twice a dny.
The tincture is then poured ofl; strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, T'tr·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
Synonyms, Ranunculus Califoruicus. Rnnunculus Canus. Ra­
nunculus Delphinifolius.
Nat .. Ord., Ranunculace::e.
Common Names, Tall Crowfoot. Tall Buttercup.
The tall buttercup is found ns a common plant in fields in New
England and Canada. Its stem is two or three feet high, erect.
Leaves pubescent, deeply trifid, divisions three-parted, sessile, and t.heir
�ents in lanceolate or linear, crowded lobes. Flowers yellow, rather
�; Calyx of five ,ovate sepals. Corolla of five roundish petals,
)ling; achenium with a short, recurved beak. Floll'ers from June to
.ptember.
It was fust proven by Dr. Franz, Germany.
Prcparation.-The fresh herb, gathered in October, is chopped
ad pounded to a pulp and pressed out in a piece of new linen. The
reseed Juice is then, by brisk agitation, mingled with an equal part
weight of alcohol, allowed to stand eight days in a well-stoppered
£tle, 1D a datk, cool place, and then filtered.
ount of drug power, ½.
utions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
onym, Ranunculus Tubcrosus.
:t. Ord., Ranunculacero.
on Name, Crowfoot. Bulbous-rooted Buttercup.
ttercup is common in New England. Its stem arises from a
J;OOt, and is from six to eighteen inches high. Radical leaves,
it\ the lateral divisions sessile, the terminal one pctiolntc mHl
all wedge-shaped, cleft nnd dcntatc. Flowers of a rich, glo�y
over an inch broad; sepals five, reflexed; petals six to seven.
ee furrowed. Achenia short-beaked.
g was fust proven by Dr. C. G. Franz, Germany.
�arati�n.-The fresh, blooming plant is gathered in June, the
pa-rataj, from the bulbs, nnd the juice pressed out; the bulbs,
e Mdition of a little alcohol, are pounded to a viscid pulp, and
expressed. The juices thus obtained arc mixed together and to
tlie mixture is ndilcil it.<; own wci g-l1t of alrPhnl. '1\rn parts lff \\'<'i.d 1 t.
388 HOM<.EOP A'l'HIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Enipirc, ns comin� from the province of St. Pn.ul, nrnl ns hcing u sed cm-
piric:illy fi.1r hernia. . Dilutions must be prcparccl ns directed umlcr Class IV.
Preparation.-Thc rcsiu is tritura tcd, as d1rcctc<I under Class
Vll.
RHEUM.
Synonyms, Rheum Officinale, Baillon. Rhabarharun1.
Nat. Ord., Polygon n.ccro.
Common Name, Rhubarb. . . . Origin and Preparation of Rhodium.-The solu t.ion from whirh
The bot anical source of Rhubarb has not been positively c!etermmerl.
For :i lmw t,imc i t was supposed to be R. pabnatnm, but this has hccn
strenuously denie d by observers, especially �li.lck_igm: and Hanh11ry,
w ho declare that R. o_Oicinale is the only species y1cl_ilmg_ a root-stoek
which :t"rccs with the drug. The plant or plants wl11ch ywld rhubarb
arc inluJiitants of China, and they arc spread over 1L vast arc:i.. From
the li ttle that is kn own concerning the origin of" the rlrug a_ nd its pr_c­
paration for m:irkct, we are only able to s:iy t\m t the _ root IS dug up I�
the beginning. ot au�umn,. is then cle a_ necl, ,\t.�. c?rt ical 1'.urt _ cut <'. f �,
anrl the root d i vided mto pie ces for dry1ug. Ihis_ 1s done eithc1 by ex-
posure to the sun and air, or by th� aid of_ artif-i�inl he at. . reduced t o powder and heated iu the air, it becomes oxidiiccl, an d th,·
Rhubarb comes in commerce ei ther direct fi:0111 Sl_ . mng
_ lrn1, and is
then kn own as Chinese rhubarb, or from China via Indm, Ill th? l_att�:1·
case bein"' c1ille d East India rhubarb; it . is of the same or1g1n Ill
either cir�umstance. "\\That was formerly unportcd unde� the _ nan� c
of Russian rhubarb wns that which wns broug ht o verlan d rnto S ih_ erm
and thence in to Russia proper. Turkey rhub:ir_� �vas �he uame given
t o the article hrou"'ht from Chin:a through Persia mt� furkey.
_
Chin a rhubarb �omes in sec tion s of a massi ve root, 1Il varmus forms,
barrel-shaped, con ical, piano-convex or irregular; the forms arc gen ­
erally kept assorted by their shape s an d classed !IS r�nnd_ or flnt rlrn­
lmrb. The pieces are often perforated; the outer surface 1s somewhnt
shrivelled, with au attachc<I portion of. unremoved _bark. In we ll
dcvclope<l pieces, China rhu barb appears, 111 cross sect1�n, �o he made
u) of mcdullary r:iys irregularly curved nnd formmg 1rrcg uln _rly
g}·ouped whorls, radio-s tcllate in appcar1:nce. The general asp ect is :�
whitis h or yellowish bn.ckgroun d, 0,1� wh1_ ch the m�tl11llary ra_ys :tppe :u
rctldish-ycllow or reddish-brown. l hc Jracture of rhubarb 1s uneven,
ii.'> odor is peculiar nud i_iromatic, b�1t n?t agre eable; between _ the
teeth it giv es rise to a" gntty" scns�Lt.ion fro1! 1 the crystals of c1tlc1um
oxnlatc w hich it contains; it hns a bit ter, astrmgcnt., uauseous taste.
It wa s first proven by Hahnemann. . . .
Preparation.-The root in co1u sc powder Jf!. cov�rcrl w1t.h . five
p:irts by wci rrht of alcohol, and allowed to i:cninm e ight t!ays 111 n
wc\1-s toppcrc<l bottle, in a dar�, coo) place, b?m� shakeu twice a day.
The tiucture is then poured off, stramcd and hlte1 ed.
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 38\J
Drug power of tincl.11rc, 1\)-.
Trituratious of the powdered rout are prepared as directed under
Class VII.
RHODIUM.
Symbol, R h.
Atomic Weight, 104.
'platinum and palladium h:ive been separntcd, in the mnnner nlready
described (sec article Iridium), is mixed with hydrochloric ncid, arnl
eva.purntcd to dryness. The residu e is treated with alcohol of spccifii:
gravity 0.837, w hich dissulvcs everything except the double chloridt•
ofrhodiu m anrl sodium. This is well was hed with spirit, dried, heated
to whiteness and then boiled with water, whereby sodium chloride is di�­
solved out, and me tallic rhodium remains.
Properties.-Thus obtained, rhodium is a wh ite, coherent., spongy
mass, more infusible :tll(l less cnpahlc of being weldctl than plntin11111.
Its specific gravity varies from 10.G to 11. Hhodium is very britt ll•:
same a.I teration occurs to a greater exten t when it is fused with
nitrate or bisulphate of pota�sium. None of the acids, singly or c011-
joined, dissolves this metal, unless it be in the state of nlloy, ns with
platin um, in which state it is a ttacked by nitro-muriatic acid.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Purc rhodium is tritu­
rated, as directed under pass VII.
RHODODENDRON.
Synonym, Rh ododendron Chrysanthemum, Li,nn.
Nat. Ord., Ericaccro.
Common Names, Y cllow- flowcred Rhotloclcndron. Roscbay.
This is an e v ergreen shruh fo1111d growing in f:iiheria upon mouutuin
heights. Stem ahout a foo t, high , branched. Leaves thick. obtu�t·.
large, oblong, pctiolatc, rugged and veined on t he upper surface, lighft'1
beneath. Flowers yellow, corolla rotat e. The leav es s111cll slightly
like rhubarb. The 1thscncc of this ()(!or and IL rust.y color of the undt•1
s1uface of the le aves iudic:ite the substitution of R.Jerrugi11eum.
Flowers in J uly.
It was introduced into our 1\fateria Mcdica by Dr. E. Seidel, 0(•r
,many.
· Preparation.-The carefully dried leaves, powdered, are covcrPd
with fi.ve parts by weight of alcohol, am! allowe d to remain eight day,
in a well-stoppered bottl e, in :i dark, cool pince, being shak en twice :•
day. The tincture is then poured off, strained and filtered.
Drug power oftincture, fo-.
Dilution s must be prepared ns tlirected under Clnss IV.
300 HOMCEOPA'rHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
RHUS AROMATICA, Aiton.
Nat. Ord., Anacardiace::c.
Common Names, Fragrant Sumach. Sweet Sumach.
This indigenous small shrub is found growing in dry rocky soil,
from Vermont westward and southward. Leaves pubescent when
young, thickish when old; leaflets three, rhombic-ovate, unequally cut­
toothed, the middle one wedge-shaped at the base; the crushed leaves
:u-e sweet-scented.
Flowers yellow, appear in April aud May.
Preparation.-The fresh bark of the root is chopped and pounded
to a pulp and weighecl. Then two parts by weiirht of alcohol are
taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, nnrl the
:est of the alcohol added. After having stirred the whole, pour it
mto a well-stoppered bottle and let it stand eight days in n, dark, cool
place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining and
filtering.
Amount of drug power, ¼.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
RHUS GLABRA, Linn.
Synonyms, Rhus Carolinense. Rlrns Elcgans.
Nat. Ord., Anacardiacere.
Common Names, Sumach. Smooth or Upland Sumach.
This is an indigenous shrub from six to fifteen feet high and some­
what straggling. The bark is light gray in color with a tinge of red.
Lc:wes and branches glabrous. Leaves, on smooth petioles, are com­
J?ound; len.flets �n pairs, sessile, except the odd one at the end, arc
from 11 to 31 m number, lauceolate, pointed, sharply serrate, green
above, whitish beneath. Flowers greenish-red in color, in terminal,
thyrsoid pn.nicles, and are followed by clusters of small reel berries,
covered with crimson hair. The fruit is acid and astringent.
Flowers in June and July.
It was first proven by Dr. A. V. Marshall, United States.
Preparation.-The fresh bark is chopped and pounded to a pulp
and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol are taken, the
puIp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the
alcohol added. After having stirred the whole well, it is poured into
a well-stoppered bottle, and allowed to remain eight days in 1t dark,
cool place, being shaken twice a day. The tincture is then poured ofl;
.;t,rnincd and filtered.
Drug power of tincture,¼.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
' stopp�red bot�le, and allowed to stand ei�ht days _ i1� a dark, cool pJ:i.
RHUS RADICANS, Di:nn.
Nat. Ord., Anac:1rdincere.
Co1nrnon N:in'"" P,.; .,. .. f.... !'.. : .... v: ..
HOMCEOPATRIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Toxicodendron in anything hut habit, Hhus Tox. being n dwarf, en
shrub, while Rhus Rad. is a climber, \\·ith stem five tu forty feet !tin
furnished with numerous mdiclcs by which it aclhcrcs to trees :11
climbs up them like ivy. The lcnves of Rlrns Rad. are almost enti
and glabrous.
Since R: hus Tox. and Rhus Rad. have been scpitrntely proved, n,
aach provmg contains symptoms peculiar to itself; it is much the bell
plan to make tinctures of each aud keep them separate.
It was first proved by Dr. B. F..Josli11, U11itcd States.
Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves, collected af'ter sunset on cloud
sultry _days, from shady places, i11 l\Tay aml Juue, before the ,1;eriucl
flowerrng, are_ chopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Theu t,
parts by weight oi alcohol are added, the whole poured into a ,,.,.
stoppered bott_le, and _allowed to stand eight day� in a c)n!·k, l''
,
plac �. 'Ihe tmcture 1s then separated by decantmg, strammg :11
filtermg.
· Drug power of tincture,¼.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
RHUS TOXICODENDRON, Linn.
Synonyms, Rlrns Humilc. Rhus Pubescens. Rhus Toxicariu
Rhus Verrucosa. Vitis Canadcnsis.
Nat. Ord., Anacnrdiacc:c.
Common Names, Mercury Vine. Poison Ash. Poison Oa
Poison Vine.
This shrub grows in fields, woods nod along fences, all over Nfll
America, and has been introduced into Europe; it is one to three fi
high? with leaflets angularly indented, nnd pubescent beneath; r!1•
reddish, branchy; stems erect, bark striated, of a gray-browu col,
and full of numerous papill::c of a deep brown; leaves pinnatcd, ln•
petioled, yellowish-green, veined; foliolcs almost three inches long, m··
incised, shining, and of a deep green eolor above, pale green nnd pu I,,
cent beneath; flowers small, yellowish-green, in axillary spikes; fn
monospermous, oval, whitish-gray, marked with five furrows. Ti
plant when wounded emits n milky juice, which becomes black on (
posure to the air. The plant, being very poisonous, should be hand I,
with great caution.
It was introduced into our Mntcrin. Mcdica by Hahnemann.
Preparation .-The fresh leaves, collected after sunset on clou,:
sultry days; from shady places, in May nnd June, before the period
flowering, are chopped aurl pounded to n. pulp and weighed. Then 1,
parts by weight of alcohol are added, the whole poured into a w1
The tmcture 1s then sepn.rntcd by dccnnt111g, str:unmg nnd filtering.
Drug power of tincture, A.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
 HOi\fffiOPATHIC PH ARllfACRUTICS.
RHUS VENENATA, De Candolle.
Synonyms, Rhus Vernicifcru. Rlrns Vernix, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Anncanlince:c.
Common Names, Poison Sumtjch. Poison Dogwood. Poison
Elder. Poison \Vood. Swamp Sumnch. Varnish Tree.
This species l{rows in swamps in the United Stntes and in Canada.
It. is a shruh six. to eighteen foet high, is glabrous; leaves with from
se,·en to thirteen oval or obovnte-oblong, abruptly acuminate, entire
leaflets. The fruit is yellowish, globular.
ft was first proven by Dr. l3ute, United States.
Preparation.-The fresh leaves and bark are chopped and pounclc<l
to a pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of nlcohol nre
nddecl, t.he whole poured into n wcll-stor,perecl bottle aud allowed to
�land eight days i11 n dark, cool place. The tincture is theu separated
hy decanting, straining and filtering.
Amount of drug power, ¼.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
RICINUS COMMUNIS, Linn.
Synonyms, Ricinus Africanus. Ricinus Europreus. Ricinus
Liviclus. lticinus Viridis. Palma Christi.
Nat. Ord , Euphorbiacem.
Common Name, Castor Oil Pinnt.
For general description of the castor oil plant see article Oleum Ricini.
The seeds nre about the size of a bean, compressed, ellipsoid in for111,
from three-tenths to six-tenths of an inch long, and their greatc ·t u·idth
is about four-tenths of an inch. The apex of the seed is prolonged into
a short henk, on whose inner side is n. large tumid carunclc ; from the
latter ex.tends a rnphc to the lower end of the ventral surface. The
epidermis is shining, gray in color, nncl pretLily marked with brownish
bands and spots, the color nnd form of the markings vnrying greatly;
it is not separable by rubbing, but nJtcr softening in water comes ofl'
in leathery strips. Within is a black tcsta, quite thin, and filled out
with the kernel or nucleus, white nncl oily. The kernel is em,ily split
into ha! vcs; unless the scc<l is rancid, it.'! tnstc is bland with but slight
acridity.
Preparation.-The ripe seeds arc con.rsely powdered, C(>vcrl'<l with
five parts by weight of alcohol, nnd the whole is allowed to remain
ei�ht days in a well-stoppcre<l bottle, in a dark, cool pince, hcing shaken
twice a day. The tincture is then poured oil� strnincd and filtered.
Drng power of tincture, -y111 •
Dilutions must. be prepared as dir!,!cted under Clnss IV.
ROBINIA.
Synonyms, Robinin. Pseud-acacia, Linn. Pseud-ncncin. Odorntn..
Nat. Ord., Lcguminosro.
Common Names. Ln<·n�I TrN'. F:il�0 /\,·,"•i:1 ,-. ,, ..... I.,, ... ,.,
ROMffiOPATHJC PR ARM ACJi:U'l'ICS. 3!)3
The locust is a well known indigenous tree common in the l\liddlr
and Southern States; it is cultivated 111uch forth.er north and also in
Europe. Uu<ler farnrnble conditious it oflcn reaches a height of eighty
feet, aud the diameter of the trunk three or four feet. The b:ll'k i;:
rather smooth, grayish-brown cx.terually, yellowish within. Len.yes oclcl­
pinnn.te; leaflets in from eight to twelve pairs with an ode! tcr111i11al
one, nil oval, thin, nearly sessile and smooth. The flowers are 1,howy.
white and fragrnnt, in clustcre<l, hanging, axillary racemes. The pod
is narrow, flat, three or four inches long, and contnins fi,·c or six small
blackish-brown hard scecls. The thorns with which the young tn•<·
is armed disappear at maturity.
It was first proven hy Dr. \V. H. Burt, United States.
Preparation.-Thc fresh bark of the young lwii;,rs is chopped and
pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then two parls by weight of aleohol
arc taken, the pulp 111ixe<l thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and
the rest of the alcohol added. After having stirred Ihe whole well,
pour it into a. well-stoppered botLlc and let it st1111d eight days in a
<lark, cool place. The tincture is then sep,trntcd hy dce1111ting, �I.min­
ing and filtering.
Amount of drug power, i.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed u11dcr Class JU.
ROSA CENTIFOLIA, Linn.
Synonyms, Ros1t l\Iucosa. Rosa Provincinlis.
Nat. Ord., Rosacere.
Common Names, Hundred-Leaved Rose. Cabbage Rose. Pak•
Rose.
This widely cultiYatcd ai1d varying rose is n. native of Southern
Europe nn<l Western J\�ia. ]t is n shrnh, lwo lo four feet hi1d1.
very prickly, the prickles being straight and scar_cel_y dilated at �he
base. Leaflets fiyc to seven in number, ovate or clltpt1c-o,·ate, margm>'
glandular hairy, sub-pilose beneath. Petals arc 11su:1lly pi•�(,i"I.'.
mostly round-oboYate, of a peculiar well known fragrnnce. l h<•1r
taste is sweetish, with �ome bitterness nnrl sli�ht astringency. Upon
drying they become browuish in color nml their o<lor is in great pnrt
dissi pn.ted.
.
Preparation .-The fresh petals arc pounded to a. pulp, we1.f!hed.
mixed well with two-t.hinls lh('ir ,rcight of alcohol, nml 1ire1,sc<l 11111
in a piece of new line11. The tincture thus obtained is allowed t,,
stand eight <lays in a well-stoppered bottle, in a <lnrk, cool pince, nml
then filtered.
Amount of clru� power, ½.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class II.
ROSMARIN US.
Synonyms, Rosmarinus Officinalis, I.Ann. IIerbn. Anthos. Li·
bn.notis.
 3fl:,
l'JIARMACJW'l'lCS.
noMCEOPATlllC
304 HOMCEOPA'l'll!C PlfAllMACIWTICS. ·�·
fless above; vah-<·,
wd d in pro lon ged wnml-likc rnccmc!', le,n mostly all of t.hc111
whorls cro or entire
obscurely dcnticulatc
e
Common Names, Rosemary. Sen-d ew.
This c,·crgreen shrub is n native ol' Southern Europe. It has nn round-heart-shaped, s., Phil:1
erect stem three or four feet high, much branched. Leaves sessile, grain-be1iring. by D r. Henry A.
Houghton, Inn�1g. Dis
It was first pro v e d
opposite, lin ear-oblong, obtuse, en tire, dark gr ee n an d shining abov e, 2. ering, i
downy, n.nd at times whitish, ben eath. Flowers n xilla ry and termi­ Hom. Med. Coll., 185he fresh root, gatl1crccl 11.t time of flowpnrts Ii:
Pre par ati on. -T hed. Th en two
nal, pale blue or white. The flowers a nd leaves have n balsamic, cn.m­ to n pulp and weig of i1
phornccous odor and taste. chopped 111H.l poundedtaken, tl) C pulp mixed with one-sixth p nrt e who!,
weigh t of alc ohol 1u- e
avin g stirred th
alcohol added. All.er
h
Preparation.-The fresh leaves �nd blof'soms arc chopped a nd days in ·
and the r est of the ppered bottle, and let it st nn <l eight
pounded to n pulp nod weighed. The n two parts by w eight of alcohol it inl o a w e ll-sto t d b y d ca ntin g, st1'11i1
pour nrn e
he tincture is then scp
c
are taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth pa rt of it, and
the rest of the alcohol added. After having stirred the whole, pour it d nrk, cool pl:lcc. T
into n well-stoppered bottle, nnd le t it st.11.nd eight d11.ys in a dark, cool ing nnd filtering. re, -�.
place. The tincture is the n separated by decanting, straining a n d fil. D ru g power of tinctu pared as directed under Clnss III.
Dilutions m ust be pre
tcring.
. Drug power of ti ncture, t·
Dilut ions must be prep nrcd ns directed u nd er Class III. RUTA.
utn Latifolia.
rnvcolcns, J.hin. R
• Synonyms, Ruta G k.
RUDBECKIA HIRTA, !Jinn. Nat. O rd., Rutacc::c.Rue. Bitter Herb. C ountryman 's Trenc S0111I
Common Names, tivnlccl in gnrdens ; it is indigenous to ,1·00•
Nat. Ord., Compositm. cul
Common Names, Cone-Flower. Grent Hairy Rudbcckin. This phm t is widely b-like in aspect, nnd near the hnsc is thri•
It is s ru Le1wcs twice to
ern Europe.
h
s.
This is n rough, bristly-hairy plant from one to two feet high, found rou g c xlcr nnl ly, 1tbovc nearly glabroui11se ll'r111i11nl 011ca ohm·1i1
and h
; segments oblong, ob tcrn1i11
growing in dry soil from N ew York to vVisconsin 11.111! sou thward. It pinnate and gln11cuua irrcgulnrly incised. The flowers nrc in dist.in•
1

is from one to two feet high; s tem simple or brnnchcd near the bnsc. entire or p etals, ob ovnte nd
Lca.vcs almost entire, the upp er ones sessile, 111.nccolnt e or oblong, lower cun eate, al\ Coro11n of four to five
n
ostly t,
ones on petioles, three-nerved, spatulntc. Flowers in single large corymbs, yellow. five sepals united nt bnse. Stamens m sh, viµ.­
Calyx of four or enblc, nnd he fre
is strong and disngrc
t
heads with about fourteen rnys longer than the involucrc and bright mes 1
ye llow in color. The disk is conical, b earing dark purplish-brown The odor of the leavesndl ed with care, as the recent juice infla
nt s ould be ha
chaff and flowers. Flowers from June to Au� ust. ous pla h

Preparation -The fresh herb, in flower, 1s chopped 11.nd pounded skin upon contact. Hahnemann . mi1
It was first proven by fresh herb, gathered shortly before bloo w li11
to a pulp nnd weighed. T hen two parts by weight of alcohol nro Prepar atio n.- T hc a p of n e
nclosed in iece
tnken, the pulp mix ed with one-sixth pnrt of it, nncl the rest of the
hop pe d nnd p ou nded to n fine pulp, esccl juice is then, by brisk :i
is c The cxp rcs mixt1
nlcohol added. After having stirred the whole, pour it into a we ll­ to prrs s11rc.
stoppe red bottle, nnd let it s tn n d eight days, in 11. dnrk, cool pince. T ho and subj c ctrcl
nn equal pnrt by
weig ht of nlcohol . Thednrk, <·
tu.tion , mingled wit h
oppered bottle, in a
tincture is then sepnrntcd by dcc nnti ng, strninin g and filteri11g. eight days inn. well-st
Amount of drug power, t· is allowed lo stand d.
Dilutions must be prepared ns dir ected under Clnss III. plac e, and then filterecture, ½.
Drug power of tin repared as directed under Clas.'> I.
Dilutions must be p
RUMEX.
Synonym, Rumcx Crispus, I.,inn. SABADILLA. Vcratn11n Snbncli
Nat. Ord.. Polygonacerc. yms, Rah nclilln Officinnr11m, Rra11cll. ulon Oflicinnlc, (,
Syn on rt'n ocn
Common Names, Curled Dock. Gnrdcn Patience. Yellow cimdis, l,i11<lley. �ch
&hle<'ht. ,\�:1gr:ca Ofli l\[cl anthi11m i-;n hndilla.
Dock. 1111.
Hnrdru111 ( ':111!'tin r:c. (11\el:111th:n·<•:-c.) H:11
This plant. is n native of Europe, introducrcl into this cn11nlry, ll'lu'ru Nat. Ord .. Lilial' , Sah:1clilla. Ccv:1dilla. Indinn C:111�t icso11tl 1
it )!rows wild in pastures, dry fields, wm,lc grounds, etc. From :1 deep Common N am es ll trics
:111d l'Oll I •
=,1di !!<'II0II� to l\TPxico
spindle-shaped yellow root, it.'l stem, which is quite smooth, rise:; thn'l' 'J'l,i 0 ia" lrnlh,11� pl:1nt
to four feet high. Leaves with strongly wnvy-c-11rlrcl mnr.,in�. l:111,•,,.,
· ·
late, ncut.r. I.he low,..,· 1,.,, .. ,... ,

39G llOMCEOPATHIC PHARl\lACEU'l'ICS.
cauic ranges. The plant is bulbous, having a slender scape hearin� a
narrow spikerl raceme of greenish-yellow flowers. The fruit cons1st,q
of three oblong, pointed follicles on a short pcdiccl nnd surrounded hy
the rcnmins of the six-partcrl calyx. They nrc light brown in cnlor
and of a paper-like substance. Each contnins two pointed, narrow,
black seeds nearly four lines iu length, shining, rugnse and angular, or
concave from mutual pressure. \Vithin the cn111pact tcstn. lies the oily
albumen, includin� in its base the small embryo. The seeds are with­
out odor, have a bitter, acrid taste; its powder has n.ctive sternutatory
powers.
J\ wns first proven by Hnhncmann.
Preparation.-The seeds, taken out of the caps11lcs, arc coarsely
powdered, covered with five part.'l hy weight of alcohol, and allowed t.o
remain eight days in a well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool pince, hc­
ing shaken twice a day. The tincture is then poured ofi; strain�d all(l
filtered.
Drug power of Linclurc, r1-o- •
Dilutions must be prepared as directe<l under Class IV.
SABINA.
Synonyms, Juniperus Sabina, Linn. Sabina Officinalis, Garrke.
Nat. Ord., Conifor:'C.
Common Name, S:wiue.
Juni71er11)! Sabina is a woody, evergreen shrub, occurring in the
Southern Alps in Austria and Switierland, extending iuto France,
into Italy, and eastward to the Caspian Sea. It has also been fonnd
in Newfoundland. In favornblc situations it becomes tree-like in char­
acter. The hark of the older stems is reddish-brown and rough; on
the young branches it is light green. The young shoot.'l arc clothed
with smn.11, n.dprc.•sed leaves, which arc sc:de-like, opposite in pnirs,
rhomboidal in outline, centrally glaudnlar aud dark green. As the
shoots grow older the leaves become erect arnl somewhat acumin:ttc.
The shrnh is clicccious. The frnit is berry-like, blnckish-purple, 11111rc
or less oval, aml hn.'I three or four bony scccls. The leaves have a cli,;­
agrceahlc, brtlsamic odor mHl bitter and acrid taste.
It was first proven hy Hahncmaun.
Preparation.-The fresh tops, collected of the younger branches
in April, nrc chopped anrl pounded to a pulp nn<l weighed. Then
Lwo part.'I by weight of alcohol arc taken, the pulp thoroughly mixccl
with one-sixth part of it, anrl the rest of the alcohol a<lcled. After
stirring the whole well, pour it into a wcll-stoppcrc<l bottle, n"nrl let it
stand eight clays in a dark, cool pince. The tincture is then separated
by decanting, straining anrl filtering.
Drug power of tincture, L
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM, Linn.
Syn.onym, Ra<'rhnr11m Album.
�'�• n. 1 ,. •
ROMCEOI'AT.HIC PHARM ACl£UT1Ci:i.
Common Names, S11gar Cane. \Vhite Sugar.
Origin .-This well-known plant is prnhahly a native of Southern
t\5ia., and wns undoubtedly cultival.ccl for centuries; its now nil but in
d_1spcnsi1ble product seems to hnvc hc<·n known in Europe since tl11·
tune of Alcxnndcr the Great, but did not. come into crencrnl use 11111il
after the introdnclion of l,hc cane into America. �\t present it i,
wholly :t cultivated plant, uot being pcnnil.ted to flower nnd bcint:
propagated hy cuttings or the root-stock. The cul111 or �tem is fro11,
eight Lo sixteen feet l1igh, one to two inches thick, cyli11drical,joi11tl•d
and contains a central juicy pith. The leaves arc hrnad, flat, liuear
lanccnlal<•, four to five foet 1011g and about two inches wide. The flom'r,
arc in p11niclcs, f"ro111 011c to two foct in lc11gt.h, co111posecl of nunH·r
ous, loose, erect, spreading racemes. The juice of the stem conl11i11,
about twenty per cent. of sucrose or pure cane-sugar.
Preparation.-The ripened stems nrc chopped and pounded lo :,
pulp nnd weighed. Then two parts hy weight of dilute nlcohol nri·
taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with onr:-sixth part of it, nnd t.1 1 1
�est of the � lc?hol added. After having stirred the whole, and hn 1·
mg poured 1t mto a well-stoppered bottle, it is allowed Lo staud eigh1
rlays in a dark, cool place. The tincture is then scpnrntccl by dccnnl
ing, straining and filtering.
Drug power, L
Dilutions must be prepared ns.dircctcd under Clnss III.
SALIX ALBA, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Salicacem.
Common Name, White Willow.
The white willow is a native of Europe, but has been naturalized 1,,
some extent in the United States. It grows to a height of about thirt 1·
foct. The hark of the trunk is brownish nurl crackc<l; that of tli',·
yonng branches is greenish and smooth. Its leaves are lanccolnte, pointed.
dentate, silky-hairy, especinlly beneath. The bark is bitter. Flower."
in tcr111i1111l cyliudrical amcnt.CJ.
Preparation.-Thc fresh hark is choppc<l and pounded to a pul l'
and weighed. Then two parts hy weight of alcohol nrc tnkcn, th,·
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and I.he rest of tlu­
alcohol added. After having stirred the whole, pour it into a well­
stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight days in a dark, cool plac:r.
The tincture is then separated ·by <lccauling, straining and filtering.
Amount of drug power, i.
Dilutions must be prepared as dircctccl uncler Class 111.
SALIX NIGRA, Marsh.
Nat. Ord., Snlicaceoo. 1
Common Name, Blark \Villow.
This tree irrows from fifteen to twenty feet high, frequcutly alon!!
streams, C$pecially southward. It has a rough, hlnck hnrk. Lcavr,
 3D8 HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEU'l'ICS.
lanccolatc 1111d la11cc-linear, pointed nncl tnpering nt ench curl, scrrntc
s1�1ooth (except on _ thc petiol es nnd midrib), and green on both sides;
�11p11lcs s1111111, dccult1011s; scales short nnd ro11n1fod, villous; st:u11cns
th rcc to six; pods mostly short-ovate.
It wns proven by Dr. E. D. "Wright, United States.
Pre�aratio�.-Thc fresh bark is cl_1opped and pounded to n pulp
and wc_1ghcd. Thrn two_ pn.rts b,Y weight of alcohol arc taken, the
p ul p 1111xcd thoro11 hly w1t!1 one-sixth part of it, nu<l the rest of the
alcohol nclde<I. Aller '"1
hn.vmg stirred the whole, pour it into a well­
��opp?red bo�tlc, and let it stand eight days in 11 dark, cool place.
lhc tmcturc 1s then scpnrntc<l by decanting, straining a11d filtcriug.
Amount of' drug power, ½-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
SALIX PURPUREA, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Salicncc::c.
Common Name, Pprplc ·willow.
Thi� spreic'S i� a native of Europe, where it grows 111 low grounds.
Its twigs_ arc ol ivc-colored, long nnd smooth. Lenves obovate-lauceo­
late, pomted, smooth, serruln.te above; cntkins cylindrical; scale.�
round and conea Ye, very black; stigmas ncnrly sessile; ovnry sessile.
It was proven by Dr. T. C. Duncan, Uuitcd Stntes.
Preparation.-The fresh bark is chopped and pounrlecl to 11 pnlp
n,�rl weighed. Then_ two pnr_ts by weight ot alcohol arc taken, the p u lp
mixed thoroughly ,�1th one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol
nclcled. After havmg s�irred the w _ hole, pour it into 11 well-stoppered
?ottlc, nnd let 1t.
stand eight days Ill 11 dark, cool place. The tincture
1s then separated by decanting, straiuiug and filtering.
Amount of drug power, A.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed uuder Class III.
SALVIA OFFICINALIS, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Labiat::c.
Common Name, Sage.
T!1is is a percnninl plant, indigenous to Sonthem Europe, but widely
c11lt1vatccl clse_\l"hcre. The plant's stem is woody at the base, is much
hnu1c_hccl n l 1s � 1c or two feet high_; like the_ Lahiatro in genernl
� '.
stem 1s �qu,i1 � its
c. Ihe le�vcs nrc opposite, on pet1olc.�, obloug-lnnccolnte,
crcn_nhtc, ru1sosc, g-ray1sh-grce11 111 color, hairy hcncnth; lower lcn,·rs
at tunes 1111nc ulatc, upper ones nenrly sessile. Flowers in whorlrd
arrangement, forming spikes. Calyx mucrouate striate bilnhiat
c "iveight of nlcohol arc taken, the pulp mixrd thor�ughly _w1th
brownish. 9oroll_a ringcnt, bilabinte, upper lip �traight 'or falcatc:
lower sprcnd111g three-lobed, blue. The plant has 11 pecul inr aroniatic
o<lor nnd an aromatie hitter taste.
Prepara�ion.-'l,'l,1e fresh leaves a.re chopped nnrl pounded to a
pulp and weighed. lh?n two parts by weight of alcohol are taken,
the p ulp thoro ughly mixed with one-sixth part of it, aud the rest of
JIOM<EOl'ATJIJC PllAJ{MACEUTlCS. 3f.J9
the\�Jcohol added. Aft:l)r having stirred the whole, pour it into a
,,·ell -stoppered hoWe, and let it stand <'i�ht, cl:Ly!; _in_ a d:nk, c_ ool. pince.
The tiucture is thl'n sepnrnle<l by deeanll11g, sLrammg and hltenug.
Amount of" drug po1Yer, ,\.
Dilutious nmst be prepared as directed under Class III.
SAMBUCUS.
Synonym, S:1111b uc11s Nigra, Li,nn.
Nat. Ord., C:aprifoliaccre.
Common Names, E u ropcnn Elrlcr. Bore Tree.
.
This plant is a lar,,e ch·ciduous �hrnh or s11111ll trre, founcl grow111.!!
iu Ucutral Europe a1:d southw:ll"< l , and extending_ inlo t,he C11�1cau�11,­
u11d Southern Siberia. Leaves co111po1111tl, leaflets III sl'vcral pairs with
au odd tern1innl one, all oblong-oval, acuminntc. Flo\l"crs in flattened
umbellate cymes without hracls. Calyx adh_cre�1t, four or fil'e-_toothed.
Corolla rotate, dcq>ly five-lubed, cren111y wl11tc 111 color. Fruit a glo­
bous, purpl e berry.
It was first pro\"l'n hy Tlahncn1ann.
Preparation.-Eq unl parts of the fr:sh le:1vcs �nrl flo�1·crs nn·
chopped and pounded to a pulp, cnclo:c'.1 11'. a JHcce of n�w lm?n �nd
subjected to pressure. The cxprC'FFccl .1111r-c 1s then, hy hr_1sk :�g1tal1111_1.
mingled with an equal part hy weight of nlcohol. T_l 11s mixture 1,-
11.llowed to stand eight days, in 11 well-stoppered bottle, 111 11 dark, cool
pince, and then fi I tercel.
Amount of drug power, ½.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class I.
SAMBUCUS CANADENSIS, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Caprifoliaccre.
Common Name, Elder.
This is an indigeno us sit rn h, woocly at the has�, co�11mon in_ thickclF
and waste grounds in tl1e United StateR. Its height 1s from six to l1•11
feet. Leaf:lets seven to elevrn, ohlon1,r, mostly �111ooth, Frrrntc, llH·
lower ones often binatc or trifolintc. Pctil)k� s111oot,h. Flowrrs 1111-
merous in flat-topped cymcs. Calyx he-parted. _Corolla n'.tatc, fil"r­
cleft with obtuse seo-mcnts crram-colored or wl11le. Fn11t a dark
purple berry. The plant h;s a Hl.r011g diFagrccnhl c otlor when bruised.
but nfter drying, the odor is pleaFant.
Preparation.-:-Equal parts of thr frr�h lral"<'S nnd flowrr� nn·
chopped and pounded to a p u lp and weighed. Tl wn t�vo parts_ 1 1.1·
, ?ne-s1xlh
part of it, and the rest of the al cohol arlrlcd. After _ ha1·111� �t_1rrerl till·
whole, pour it into a well-stoppered bl)tt.le, and l et 1t. �tnnd c•1ght <l_nys
in n dark, cool place. The tincture i� then separated by decantmg,
strniniug nnd filtering.
Amount of drug po\l"er, ¼-
Dilutions must lJe prepared as directed under Class III.
 400 HOMOCEPATHIC PRARMACEUTWS. HOMCEOPA'l'HIC· PHARMACEUTICS. 401
SAMBUCUS NIGRA e CORTICE. heads of Artemisia J,fa­
the officinal nnme for the uncxpan<lc<l Hower to "Wilkomrn, Arlemisia
Jlurk of S:1111h11c11s Nigrn (European Elder). ritima var. Stech mann iana, l3csse r. Acco rding
A. Maritima. Good
Preparation.-Thc fresh in11cr lmrk of the youn
g Cina (see article Cina) is the mother plnnt of
nnd pounded to a pulp and weighed. 'l'hcu two-th twigs is chopped samples of the drug Santonica arc descr ibed as being almost exclu­
alcohol are ta.ken, mixed well with the pulp, and irds by weight or r heads , which arc so minute that ninety
the lllixture strained sively of the unope ned flowe
yields from one to two per cent. of
through a piece of new linen. The tincture thus of them weigh only a gmin. It
to stand C"ig-ht days in a well-stoppered bottle, in aobtained is allowed essent ial oil havin g the pecul iar odor and taste of the drug itself, nm!
dark, cool pince, ns the flowers open,
and then filtered. about one and a lmlf or two per cent. of santonine; , althou gh not no ncid,
Alllount of drng power, t the percentage ofsantoninc tlecreases. The latter
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class ctcd from the flowe r heads by milk of lime, as in the
II. is readily cxtrn then unite s with the
presence of bases and .I-1 2 O, it takes up water and
nate of calciu m is easily
SANGUINARIA. base, forming a santunate. The resulting santo trcnte d with hydro­
soluble in wnter, and when the aqueo us soluti on is
Synonyms, 8ang11inarin Canadensis, Linn. Sang 0 at once separ ates, but im­
Sanguinaria Vcrnalis. uinaria Acaulis. chloric acid, santoninic ncid, C 16 H 20 4 ,
verte d into santo­
mediately givin g up one molec ule of wnter is recon
Nat. Ord., Papaveracere.
nine, C 16 H 18 0 3.
Common Names, Bloodroot. Indian Paint. moderately coarse·
Pauson. Tetter­ Preparati on.-Four troy ounces of santoniea in
\\·nrt. Turmeric. Puccoon. with an ounce and a half, troy, of recently
This is �n indigenous perennial, acaulescent plaut. powder, are to be digested ol for twenty-four
It has a l1ori­ slaked lime in fi11c powder , in a pint of dilute alcoh
zontal ahrnpt root-stalk, fleshy, about three inches re is then to be expres sed. The residu e is to be
thickne;:;;, fleshy, externally reddish-brown in color,
long, of a finger's hours,. and the mixtu way and agnin ex­
bright red within, digested with a pint of dilute alcoh ol in the same
:rncl sending forth rnany fine rootlets. From each this doubl e proce dure of digest ion and expre ssion is to be
bud of the rout­ pressed, and
stalk ari:;cs a large smooth lenf and a scape six ons nre to be mixed
inches high, bearing aoue a third time. The resulting alcoholic soluti
a. ;;ing l e /lower. The leaf L'> on a channeled petiol
e; is kidney-shaped, and distill ed down to one-th ird. This residu e is, nfler filtering, to be
with roundish lobes separated by rounded alf its volum e, nnd is then to be treated "·ith acetic
above, paler beneath and marked with au sinus es, is yellow-greeu evaporated to one-h exces s; the mixture
orange-colored venation. acid, added gradually until the acid is slight ly in
The flower is quadrangular in outline, is of set aside for forty- eight hours , with repca tc rl stirring. At
short duration, without is then to be
odor nnd is white in color. Sepals two, caduc , n crysta lline mass will hnve becD obtained,
twelve in two or three rows, the outer ones longeous; petals eight to the end of the time stated l, thoro ughly wn$hecl
r. Stamens numer­ which is to be placed upon a loosely stoppe d funne
ous, anthers orange-colored. Stigma sessile. dried . The dried produ ct is to be dissol ved in ten
long capsule, acute at each end, many seeded. Fruit a two-valved, ob­ �ith water and with Hnimn l chnr-
times its weight of alcohol, digest ed for sever al hours
when wounded exude an orange-colored sap, butAll parts of the plaut d while hot, the chnrc oal thoro ughly washe d on the filter
the tint is deepest in .. coal, filtere
the juice of the root. Flowers in March and April dark. The crystals
The first systematic proving was by Dr. Bute, Unite
. with hot alcohol, and the filtrate set aside in the operations being
are to be collected anrl dried on bibulous paper , both
Preparation.-The fresh root is chopped and d States. toppered bottle
pound · done in the dark, and arc then to be plnced in a well-s
and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcoh ed to a pulp
ol nre taken, the and completely protected from light.
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of olic solutions in
it,
alcohol added. After having stirred t.he whole and the rest of the Properties.--Santonine crystallizes from its nlcoh ess a.nd of
arc perma nent in the air, colorl
stoppernd bottle and let it stand eight days in a
, pour it into a wcll­ right rhombic prisms which becom e yellow.
dark, cool place. The a pearly lustre; under tl1e influence of daylig ht they
tincture is theu separate<! by decanting, straining odor, and their taste is bitter . Their specifi c gravity
Drug power of tincture, !-
and filtering. They are without parts of cold,
is 1.217. Santonine requires for its soluti on 5,000
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Cl of boilin g water , 42 of cold, and 3 of boilin g 90 per cent. alco­
ass III. and 250 form; it is more
hol, between 70 and 80 parts of ether, and 4 of chloro
solutions are neu­
SANTONINUM. or less soluble in the volatile nllCl fatty oils. Its °
heated to 170 C.
Synonyms, Santonin. - Santonine. Sautoninic tral in reaction and have a. bitter taste. -Vlhcn tic odor, and when
Formula, 0 16 H Anhydride. (338° F.), the crystals melt, giving of!' an aroma cooled rapidly, an
Molecular Weight,02-rn.
18 3. cooled slowly solidify to a crystalline mass; when
amorphous mass is left; hy stronger heatin g, the crystals sublime with­
Ori gin.-Santoninc is the active principle of �anton '''h('n <=:111fnni11f' 1� in ('Oll{:1('1
ica, which is .. ,.1 ., .. ..... I 1,,p, (-i; ... 1.1 ,1,., ... , .. ,1fl'-'if i1on
 402 HOMCEOPATRIC PHARMACEUTICS.
with allrnlics in excess, its color changes to red, but the original colot
is restored in a short time. As has been already stated, sautoniue is
colored yellow by daylight, but in the direct sunlight the crystals be­
come disrupted into smaller pieces, which form a yellow solution with
alcohol, and from which solution may be obtained colorlcss crystals of
photosnntonic ncid (Sestini). Santoninc is properly the anhydride of
s:wtoninic• ncid.
Tests.-Snntonine has heen founcl nrlulterat.C'cl with gum nrahic in
lnmin:c, with horacic acid, salicin, strychnia nnd brncia-the Inst three
prohahly hy admixture through earclC'i:sncss. Dissolve n small por­
tion of santnninc in chloroform, with shaking; gum, borneic acid nn<l
snliein will remain, if prescut, ns 11ndissolvcd residue. \\'hen santonin
is heated on platinum foil to redness, there shou Id he no rcsid 11 c left
(bor:tx remains as a glnssy mass, having nu alkaline reaction to tur­
meric paper); if the alcoholic solution of sautonine be ignited, the
flame will be of a green color if boracic acid be present. Sautonine
is to be shaken with twenty volumes of water, to which a few drops of
acetic acid have been added, repeatedly agitated for half an hour
anrl then filtered. The filtrate is to be treated with tannin nm! with
picric acid solution; a white precipitate or turbidity in either case
i11dicates the presence of an allmloid.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-One part by weight of
. pure santonin is dissolved in ninety-nine parts by weight of alcohol.
Amount of drug powor, n\-o·.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Ul:tf'S V I-p.
Tl'iturations are prepared, ns dil'cct.c<l under Clm,s VU.
SAPO DOMESTICUS.
Synonym, Sn.po Animalis.
Common Name, C.:urd Soap.
It is made with soda an<l a purified animal fat, consisting principally
of stcarin. Sec article Glycerinum.
·when it is dissolved iu eight parts of boiling alcohol, the solution,
aJtcr cooli11g, fiH·111s a trn11sl11ccnt, jelly-like mnAs.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Onc part by weight of
curd soap is dissolved in fifty parts by weight of alcohol.
A.111<)t111t of chug power, r! ir •
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class VI-(i.
Triturations may be prepared as directed under Class VII.
SARRACENIA PURPUREA, Linn.
Synonyms, Saraziua Gihbosa. Snrrncenia Heterophylla.
Nat. Ord., Sarrnceniacere.
Common Names, Eve's Cup. Fly Trap. Pitcher Plaut. Side­
s,Hldlc Flower. Huntsman's Cup.
This plant is found in boggy places throughou_t Can!1da and_ the
Unite<l States. Its rhizome, nhout an inrh Ion/!, 1s <·0111cal, ohh'1ue,
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 403
reddish-brown externally and pale brownish within, and is furnished
with 'numerous fibrous prolongations. The leaves arc radical, pitcher­
shaped, ascending, curved, broadly-winged; the hood erect, open, round­
cordate. · Their capacity, when of ordinary size, is nearly two ounces,
and. usually they are partly filled with water and drowned insects.
Flower deep purple, nodding, upou a scape fourteen to twenty inche!'<
lligh. Petals fiddle-shaped, arching over a greenish-yellow style.
Flowers in June.
It :was first proven by Dr. T. C. Duncan, U. S.
Pi-eparation.-The fresh plant, gathered when coming into flower,
is chopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then two parts by
weight of alcohol are taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth
part 'of it, and the rest of the alcohol added. After having stirred the
whole,·pour it into a well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight days
in a. dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decanting,
straining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, ¼-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
SARSAPARILLA.
Synonyms, Smilax Officinalis, Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth.
Smilax Medica, Schlecht. Sarsa.
Nat. Ord., Smilacero.
Sa.rsa_parilla is the name used for the root of several species of
Smi!,a,:,; mdigenous to Mexico and the countries southward as for as the
Norllhern part of South America. The botanical sources of the drug
are not scientifically cleterminccl, ns the different species inhabit swampy
forests which are difficult and dangerous to explore. Besides this, the
plants are climbers as well as dioocio11s, so that t.hc flowers and fruit.
J>roduced too at different seasons, arc difl-icult of' access, and the leave!"
very greatly in outline. The h?st _known species to which �IH'
has been ascribed arc S. o.ffic·malis H. B. K., and 111erl1ea • ?·
• et Cham. Sarsaparilla is classc<l as either mealy, in wl11ch starch
.$own upon fracture of the bark, or non-mealy. The mealy vnrie­
include th_e Honduras, Guatemahi and Brazilian sarsaparilla�,
d the non-mealy are the Jamaican and Mexican kinds. Althou�h
· classification is held in commerce it is remarkable that the Bnt­
Pha.rmacopooia admits only the Ja1uaican variety, while in the
nited States the Honduras sarsaparilla is preferred..
Description.-From a thick, short, knotty rlnzome grow hori­
zontally , long fleshy roots of the thickness of a q_uill_ or slightly larger.
_
T!i,eroots are .simpl,e, forked only n�ar the extrem1t1cs and are furmshecl
with thread-like fibres. In the dried state . the roots arc more or le�!"
furrowed longitudinally. The whole mass of roots with . the rhizon_w
attached is brought into the market. The HonLlurns variety comes rn
bundles made by folding up the rootlets in lC'ngths of two or three
feet and held together by a few turns of the long roots. Its color ex-
, ,. 11. : .... ,1 .. .. . .... ; .·1. 1, .. . • , TI I,.,,. , ... .. 1,,,. q11,l ;le- f•1t•f 1 , :
 40 b HOMCEOPATilIC PHAill\lACEUTICS.
The drug wns first proven by Hahncmnnn.
Preparation.-Thc dried root of the Honduras vn.ricty is coarsely
powdered and coverccl with five pn.rts by weight of n.lcohol, and allowe<l
tl> remain eight clays in a well-stoppered bottle, in n dark, �ool place,
being shaken twice n clay. The tincture is then poured off, straine<l
and filtered.
Drug power of' tincture, icr -
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Clnss IV.
Triturations of the dried root-bark, us directed under Clnss VII, arc
tu be preferred.
SASSAFRAS.
Synonyms, Sassafras Officinale, Nees. Laurus Snssafras, !Ann.
Nat. Ord., Lauracctc.
Common Name, Sassafras.
This tree is indil?enous to North America north of the Gulf' of
Mexico. fn the l\I1ddle and Eastern States it becomes a shrub; its
height is from ten to twenty feet, but in Southern all(! more favorable
situations it often reaches fifty feet. The bark of the trunk is gray,
rough and furrowed, but upon the young branches it is brown and
smoother. Leaves on petioles, alternate, entire ancl ovate, some of
them three-lobed, bright green in color, glabrous above, the young
leaves downy beneath. Flowers grceuish-yellow, in clustcrecl racemes,
dimcious. .Fruit a dark blue drupe. All parts of the tree are fra­
grant nnd have a sweetish aromatic taste; the bark of the root is
of' a somewhat stronger and different flavor. "\Vhen the gray, corky
lnyer is remover! the inner bark is found to be nearly white in the
Tccent state, but as seen in commerce is rusty-brown in color, is soft
and ensily breaks, the fracture being short and cork-like. On cross
section it shows radiating strim.
Preparation.-Thc drier! root-bnrk, powdered, is covered with fivo
p:irts by weight of alcohol, and allowed to rc111ni11 eight dnys in n. wcll­
i;toppcrcd bottle, in a dnrk, cool place, being shaken twice a dn.y. TlH
tincture is then poured ofT; strained n.nd lilterccl.
Drug power of tincture, T1cr.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Cln.ss IV.
SCILLA.
Synonyms, Scilla Mnritima, !Ann. Cepa Marina.. Ornithogalum
i\faritiuum. Squilla Hispnnica. Urginea l\1aritima, Baker.
Nat. Ord., Liliacetc.
Common Names, Squill. Sea Onion.
Scilla rnaritima 'is a perennial plnnt, founcl gc11endly in countries
liunlcriug on the Meditcrrnnenn. From a pcnr-shnped h11lb as large
as a man's fist, or larger, proceed fibrous roots. /1. hove, the bulb sends
forth shining, deep green leaves, lnnC'eolntr in �hapr :rn,l pointed. Ion�,
.... ,J, •· •· · ,., · 1 ,,• '
:n1,I 111111 1 11,d"
HOMCF.OPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
from one to three feet high, rounu nnd smoot_ h, hearing _ nbovc_ , a�,
of white flowers, each flower on n purple pc<l1cel. l'cnanth s1x-p:1_i
., spreading, deciduous; filaments six, filifonn. There :ire two \::in•
· of squill, one possessing eolorlcss bulb-scales, t�1c ?lhcr h_avlllµ­
latter roseate or reddish. The so-called reel sqndls 1s used Ill lw11
pathic pharmacy.
It was first proved by Hahnemann.
Preparation.-The fresh bulb, of which ,ve select the most II,·
is chopped and pouncle<l to a_pulp and weighc?· The� t\\·o par,
alcohol are taken, the pulp n11xcd thoroughly w1_th 011� -s1xth part.•
and the rest of the alcohol added. After havmg st1rrrd the \\'I
pour it into a wcll-s�oppcrcd bottlc and let it st., :rnd �ight da,r�
dark, cool place, bemg slmkcn twice 1 a <lay. lhe tlllcturc 18 1
poured off, strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, L .
Dilutions must be preparc<l as directed . un�lcr Class III, except
dilute alcohol be used for the 2x and 1 dilut10us.
SCROPHULARIA NODO SA, !Ann.
Synonyms, Galiopsis. Oeimastrum.
Nat. Ord., Scrophulariacetc.
Common Names, Carpenter's Sqnare. Figwort. Heal
Scrofula Plant. .
. .
This is a perennial herbaceous plant, found growmg m dnmp \
iri Canada and the United Stntes, antl in E�r?pc. Sc�oplmlaria 1
sp?c1cs, but the
landica, Li,nn., was formerly considered a d1st1nct
_
vidual plant of Americnn �row�h, nn� to which th1� nnme wn!' 1:
is now held to be nearly 1dcnt1cal with Scroplmlaria nodosa.
four to sL-..: feet high, four-sided, opposite _brunch�cl above. L,
smooth, three to seven inches long, opposite, pet1olntc, ovnte, "
oblon�, or upper ones lnnccolate, a�ntc, serrate; base broa<lly co1
roundISh or tapering. Flowers olive-colored 111 pcd11nculate c_1
Calyx in five acute segments. Corolla sub-glohous, five-lobed.
bilabiate. Fruit a two-celled capsule, many seeded. Flowers ,J 11
August. ·
·
The drug was proven hy Dr. Frani, Gcrmnny.
0 1·
Preparation.-The fresh plant, w1thcrr<l hcforc th �_ . dcvcl
of the blossoms is choppc<l and pounded to a pulp and �, c1�hed.
two parts by ":eight of n.lcohol nrc taken, the pulp 1111xed thorP1
with one-sixth part of it, an<l the rest of the nlcohol nddcd.
n1H:,
having stirred the whole, pour it into a �-ell-stoppercd
_ _ bottle
stand eight clays in a dark, cool !?lace. fhe tmcturc 1s then srp..
by decanting, strnining and filtcrmg.
Drug power of tincture, ¾-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
 40G JIOMlEOl'Al'lJJC I'IlAJtMAC.:JW'l'H.;S. HOMCEOPA'l'JllC l'HAlOfACl•:UTl<.:S.

SCUTELLARIA. SEDiNHA.
p bcsc<
Synonym, Scutellaria Lateriflora, Linn. This is an herbaceous plant, with a slender, round nud � UJ l l
Nat. Ord., Labiat:.c. late and v ry sharp; t�e1r
stem; the leaves arc opposite, lanceo �
, ill
.�o_m?l�n Names, Seullcap. Illue Pimpernel. Hoo1I Wort. surface is ]miry and of a clarkcr green than their lower surfnccn _w
1111s 11_1d1geno11s .perennial plnnt is a foot or two high, hns nn erect, is covered with Jong, silky hairs. This plnnt is q11itc commo 111 1
Slll<!uf.11, 10111·-Hn,!.(lcd, 11111ch branching stern. Lcavr� o 'IH>site on long ·neighborhood of H.io ,Tuneiro. . .
J >< 'l.roll'�, .<l\':llt·, ncutc, serrnte. Flowers small, pale h\ ue in 1culor, in Brn'l.1!.
It was introduced into our Matcria Mcd1ca. by Dr. Mure, d t"
1 1: 11 g lcafr ::.ice111cs. Corolla tuhe elongaled, _upper lip cnlire and COil­
_ h_m Preparation.-Thc fresh lcnvcs arc cl!oppcd and pounde ak,
(;_ \\(', c1 m _thre� lobes.- The plnnt groll's III all pnrls of' the Unit<·d pulp, and weighed. Then two parts by ,�·eight of_ alcohol of �it, I
arc
8tatcs rn wet s1tuat10us near ponds, ditches, etc. Flowers in Julj' auc.l and having mixed the pulp thoroughly :nth ?nc-s1xth part
Aug-ust. rest of the a.lcohol is added. Aft.er _hn.vmg st_rrred the :''hole, pour
lt ll'm; first proven by Dr. F. ,v. Gordon, United States. bottle, nnd let 1t stand c1gh_t <lays 11� � dnrk, 1·•
into a well-sto ppered
g, and '
Preparat�on,-T}i,e whole fresh plant is chopped and pounded to a place. The tincture is then separated by dccautmg, stramm
pulp and werghed. Ihen two parts hy ll'eight of alcohol arc taken teriug.
the pulp thoroughly mixed with one-sixth part of' it, and the rest of Amount of drug power, ¼-
the alcohol added. After l�aviug stir_recl the whole, pour it into a well­ Dilutions must be prepared us directed under Class III.
��opp?red bo�tle, and let 1t stand eight days in a. dnrk, cool place.
Ihe tmcture 1s the1! separated by decautiug, straining and filtering. SEDUM ACRE, linn.
D!·ug _ power of tincture, ¼-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III. Synonym, Sempcrvivum Minoris.
Nat. Ord., Crassulnccai.
:SECALE CORNUTUM. Common Name, Mossy Stone Crop. . . li
This little plant is a native of Europe, but 1s spnrmgly naturn
Synonyms, Ergota. Acinula Clavus. Claviccps Purpurca. Spcr­ hnving escaped from garden s. It has a proc·"
in the United States,
tc, crowo I
.moedin Clavus. bent, spreading branching stem. Lenvcs very small, altern�
Nat. Ord., Fungi. claspin g, ovate and obtuse . Flower s yellow , m a scoq'.
thick, almost or h
Common Names, Cockspur. Ergot. Horned Rye. Spurred raceme. Sepals four or five, united at bnse. Petals four
Rye. spreadi ng. The plant sprciuls rnpid)y over wi:lls, rocks, etc.
This morbid nlter�tion of the �ccd-bml of rye (nm! several other Preparation.-Thc fresh plant, m flower, 1s ch_oppcd and pou11,
cereals) has been attnbutcd to vanous causes. . to a pulp and weighed. Then two . parts ur weight of �lcohol
hly w th 01 c-s1xth part of it, ai! d .
. Ac�ording to De Candollc, who calls it Sclerotimn clav1UJ, this altern.­ taken, the pulp mixed thoroug ! !
1t ,,
t101� 1s cnuscd by a fungus which prcvcnL'3 the dcveloprncnt of' the rest of' the n.lcohol added. AfLcr havmg stirred the whole, pour (�a ·k, ,
�r:u!1 from the commcncc!ncnt, and grows up in it.s stcnd. This opin­ a well-st oppere d bottle, nnd let it st.nnd eight da r s in a !
:1
ion rs supportc<I h: the �1rcl�mstnnccs n�Lc11ding �he nppcnrnncc nud
J . pince. The tincture is then scpnrntc<l by dccantmg, strnmmg
growth of the morbid gra.111; 1t occurs prmc1pnlly m fertile years when filtering.
hot weather frequently alternates with warm rains. It is seated bc­ Drug power of tincture, ½-
twc �n the �wns as n cylindrical, somcwha� curved, angular body, longi­ Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
tudmally 1�1gosc, and frequently rcscmblmg the fcnugrcck, from onc­
h al_f to oue-mch l?ng, of' n dccp br?wn �io�ct c�lo�· witho)1t, and a yellow­ SELENIUM.
_
wl11t _
�, nnd somct11ncs a. v1olct-?h1t,c w1t,h1111 v1sc1d, havmg an ollcnsive,
rn11c1rl smell, and n. flat, sweetish taste. Symbol, Se.
Preparation.-The_ fresh ergot, gathered in a moist, warm summer, Atomic Weight, 79. . ,
� � 1ortly before harvest, 1s chopped and pounded to n pulp and weighed. Origin.-This is a very rare e)cment, _m�1ch r�emblmg sulphu
bs nc,
lhcn two _ parts b "·mght .
of alcohol arc tnken, the pulp mixed thor- its chemical relations, and found m assocmt1on w1tl) that s� �
nt1011�.
011�hly w1�h 011�-s1xth part of' it, nnd the rest of the n.lcohol added.
i'.
some few localities, or replacing it in certain metallic eombin
After li:wmg st11_-rcd the ":hole, pour it into a well-stoppered bottle, in the lend selenidc of Clnusthal in the Hartz. ll'
and let 1t stand eight days 111 a dnrk, cool place. Tlic tincture is then Properties.-Selenium is a reddish-brown !>olicl body, somcg,
f.rnn�l,wrnt. :111<1 hnvinc: nn i111prrfrct. rnrt . :illic·. lm,t. :C'- Tl� �prrific :
separated by decanting, i;training- and filtrring.
lln11,. tun,·,.,·"" ,;,1,.1 ... ,
408 HOl\ICEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.

by its being more�

n. lit.lie above, it melts nnd boils. It is insoluble in water nnrl cxhnles the United States. Senccio Gracilis differs only
11·hcn heated in the nir, It pcculinr nud disngrcl'nblc od�r, w hich ha� der nnd growing in rocky place s. .
Slates. .
been compared to thnt of dccayiug horsc-rnilish; it is insol uble in nlco­ It wns first proven by Dr. A. E. Smnil, Un1tetl_ bloom, 1s cl_to l
hol, h u� dissolves slightly in carbon disulphide, from whic h sol ution it, Thc entire fresh plant w h en 111
Preparati on.-
and weig ed. Theu tw_ o parts � y wc1g li
cry. t1tllizcs. and pounded to a pulp h
o c-s1xt h
11 1th
alcohol are taken, the p ulp mixed thoroughly : st11· � p:11
'It was first proven by Dr. Hering.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.--Sclcnium is t,riturnled, it nnd the rest of the a lcohol nddc<I. After h avmg �·c<l Lhc 11 I
nnd le it stnnd eig ht _ day
ns din•dcd under Class VU. p�ur it into a wcll-stop�crcd bot_ Llc, t
dccuu
�
t111g, �, 1
place . T e Lmct rc 1s then separ ated by
dark, cool h u

SEMPERVIVUM TECTORUM, Linn. i11 g and filtering.

Dr ug power of tincture, t· III.
Nat. Ord., Crnssul:tcc:l!. Dilutions must be prcptircd ns directed under Class
Common Name, I fousclcck.
_T his. wcl�-lrnown plant is �aid to be in<ligcnons Lo the Alpine coun­ SENEGA.
tn�, bul 1s uow fo und w�dely spread throug hout Europe, and is
c u l_ t1vntcd to some extent 111 this country. !Ls leaves n.rc radical, Synonym, Polygala Scncga, !Jinn.
Ll11ck, fl�hy n.nd mucilng_inous, n.bout n.u inc h iu length, obovatc, Nat. Ord., Polygalnce::c.
green, hairy 011 Lhc mnrgms. Flowers nrc rosc-colorcd or purplis h · Common Names, Rattlcsnnkc Milkwort. Seneca. 8<' 1
wh en c ultivated the plant rarely flowers. The plant spreads by Snake-root. .
only_ found 111
rUllllCrS This is nn indigenous, perennial pl:mt, more comm hmg, co 1
1_ t•
, hranc
. Preparation.-Thc f esh leaves, gathered before the development
r
Western States of the Union. It hns a woody the root nn�(•
'. >! the blosso ms, m·c �hopped and pounded to a pulp and weighed. root ash-colorcd about one-half' inch th ick. From simple, smooth
I hcn two parts by weigh t of alcohol are taken, the pulp mixed thor­ eral' stems eight to fourteen inches_ h igh,_ erect, o_r p urp le h,
mws t mgcd red
o ugh ly wit h one-sixth pnrt of it, nnd the rest of the alcohol added. leafy, green near the top, hut somet mg nt cn�h
Arter lm_ving stirr?d the who_le, pour it into a well-stoppered bottle, one to two inche s long, lnncc olatc, tapcr
Leaves from bcncn th. 1' J,.
aud let 1t stand eight days 111 a dark, cool pince. The tincture is alternate, short-pctiolcd, brig lf h t rccn ab ?ve, pnlcr
Lhcn separated by decanting, straining and filtering. white i egula r in a fihfor m spike at the top of the ,
small rr
e. Petals Ll1r<·'.
Sepa� five, two of thcn1 wing-shaped and petal-lik
1

Drug power of Linclure, &. ,

Capsu les small, obcn1'
Dilutions must be prepared as directed un<lcr Clnss III. hering by their claws to the filaments.
compressed, two-v nl vcd, two se eded. .
1s covered
SENECIO AUREUS, Linn. Preparation.-Thc dried root, conrsc)y po"·dercd,toppcrc 1 h,
wcll-s
five pnrts by weight of alcohol, po urc<l mto a '.
Synonym, Vnr. Scnccio Grncilis, I.i.nn. and allowed to remain eight dnys, nt n moclc _ rntc tcm pcrnL11 rc, m n ·
rc 1s then poun ·1
Nat. Ord., Composit.--o. place, being s1111,kcn twice n clny. The tmctu
�o_mmon � ames, Golden Ragwort. Squnw-,Vocd. strniucd and filtere d .
. 'Il11s pcrennml has an erect, smoothish, striate stem, one or two feet Drug power of tincture, T1ir• IV.
)ugh,_ floco_sc-woolly wheu yo�ng, simple or brnnchccl above, terminnt­ Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class
�ng Ill a k11�,l of umhellatc, s1111plc or compo u111l corymb. The radical
leaves are simple �ml ro u nded, the lnrgcr mostly cordatc, crcnatc-ser­ SENNA.
n�t�, a.nd long peL10lcd; t h� low�� cau linc leaves_ lyre-slmpc<l; the up­
per one s _few, slcuder, cut-pmuatrhd, dcntate, sessile or pnrlly clasping; Synonyms, Cnssi 1t Acutifoliit, Dclile. Cassia Lnnccolnta, Ne,
the tcrmmal segments lanccolate; pcd uucles i;ub-umhcllate, and thick Nat. Ord., Leg uminosrc.
uywards; corymb _ umbel-likc. Rays from eight to twelve, fom or five Common Name, 8P1111 1t. . . ·
a, and 1s fou,
Imes lo'.1�! spread111g. Flowers golde_n ycllow. Senles linear, acute, This unclersh ru b is i 11 cli«cnous to Northern Afnc ts. Thc st•
_ distri�
and_ pu1 pt1_sh a� the apex. The root 1s hor11.ontnl, from half nn inch Upper Egypt,.Nuhi:1 .. 8cn7iar n11'.I nei�hhoring to th 1ce _
fcc�_ m h'.
to six_ or mght mches long, a�1d abo ut two lin<'s in diameter, reddish or straight, woody, wh_iL1sh, branch1 !11!, lro_m two nds,_ nm! "1th n.i
gli
p urplis h cxtc1:11n.lly, aml wlute-purplish internally, with an aromatic Leaves alternate, p1 011 atc, on pcllolcf' without � ate, o,·n)-lnn c<'•
1<tipules. Leaflets in fo u r nr five pair�. !'hnrt-pet10l
tn�tc, and hn.vrng scattered fibres. It is found �rowing on the hnnks I l I 1\,: I. , ., ) 1, 1,1 1
of crneks n.nd low m11r�h1· !!l'IH11HI tl1rn11 .. l,n11f 11., ...... >1 . .... 1 .. • ,.
, 1
 4i
410 ROi\fCEOPATRIC PHARi\fACEUTICS. ROMCEOPATRIC PHAHMACEUTICS.

bcucnth. Flowers yellow, in nxillnry rnccmed spikes. Fru it n
�rondly oblong legume, n.bout, two inches in length, containing nbout
six hnnl, nsh-colorcd, conlntc seeds. The leaves from C. acutifolici arc
known in commerce ns Alcxnndrin scnnn.
. Pr':paration.-T!1c dri;d Jcnvcs, coarsc!y powdered, nrc co,·crcd
with Jive parts by weight �,f a_lcohol, pou�·cd mto a well-stoppered b<Jt­
tlc, nnd allowed to rcmnrn eight days III a dnrk, cool place beiug
Rhnkcn twice 1t day. The tincture is then poured off' stmin�d 1111d
filtered.
Drug power of tincture, iir·
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class IV.
SEPIA.
Synonyms, Sepia Octopus. Sepia Succus. Sepia Officinalis,
Linn.
Class, Mollusca.
Nat. Ord., Dihrnnchintn.
Family, Scpindrc.
Common Names, Squid. Cuttle-fish.
Inky juice of the cuttle-fish.
The cuUlc-fish is a cephnlopodous mollusc, without nn external
�hell, from one to two feet long, s�ft..gel1itin?us, of n brown_ c�lor vcrg-
111g 011 r�d, and spottc_d black; its body 1s rounded, ellipt1cnl, and
enclosed 1U it snc furnished with n. fleshy fin 011 each side along its
wh_olc length. The head, _separated from the body by a neck, is
�nfient and �ound, and provided with salient eyes of a lively red color.
The mouth 1s �u1Toun�led by ten n.rms which nrc pcdunculntcd, very
l �rg;, and fu_rmsl�cd with suckers. T�1e cuttle-fish 111k is an excretory
liqmd, contn111e� m n h�g, ":bo�t the s1zc _ and shape of n. grnpc, within
th� abdomen of the sepm; 1t 1s black1sh-brow11, and is used by these
nmnrnls to darken the wntcr when they wish to catch their prey or cs­
cn.pc from th_eir pursuers.. The in�-bn� is found sepnrnte from the liver,
a1)<l. deeper 111 the nbdommnl cavity; its cxtor1111l duct ends in n kind
of Junnel, nnd opens nenr thn.t part of the neck where the nnus of
the animal is situ:itcd. In the bnck of the fish is found nu oval­
oblong, moveable boo�, from five to ten inches long, nnd from
one nnd n half to three mchcs broad, somewhat convex crctnccous nml
spo1115y . The cultle:fisl! inhnbits the seas of Europ;, rspccially the
. as follows: "Take half nn ounce of mounlam crystal nnd cxpose _ 1t �'.1
.Mcd1tcrrnnenn. . cpm III a dry state, ns it occurs in trndc, nppcars to
be n dnrk hlnck1�h-brow�, solid mass, of shining, conchoidnl, ,·cry brit­
tle fracture,_ hav111g a fnmt smell of senfish, nearly without tnste nnd
scnrcely dycmg the saliva. It is enclosed in little skins nnd is of the
shnpc of grnpcs. The artificial scpi1i (Indian ink) used in drnwing'
Drug power of Li11cluro, io-- . ,
Dilutions must be propnrcd us d1rcctod UJl(lor. Class 1 V. . .
Triturn.t,ions of gcuui11c scpin nrc prepared, freed from its cuticul
envelope, ns directed 1111der Class VIJ._
Triturntions of this remedy :ire preferable
SERPENTARIA.
Synonym, Aristolochin Bcrpcntaria, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Aristolochiacc::c.
Common Names, Virginia Snakeroot. Scrpentnna.
This is nn i11dige11ous, pcrcnuial, herbaceous plaut,_ found groll'I
in hedges, thickets, nud moist woorls, from_ Pennsylvanm_west to Ill,
oie, and south to Louisiana. The JJ?0t 1s a �hort, hor11.ontnl stw
which gives off uumcrous slender 1:ootlcu:, and from the same root�•
era! stems often nrise. Stem nearly n. foot high, erect, Hcxuous, �,
simple, jointed, at times reddish or l?urple a� the bnsc. Leaves prt
late, oblong or ovate, cordate, acumrnate, tl11!1, and pale yellow-gr�••
Flowers solitary, on long pedicels, nearly rnd1cnl, s)ender an_d bcncl11
Calyx tubular, dull purple, leathery, contracted �n th� n11ddle, h,
like the letter S, limb obscurely two-lipped. Fruit a six-celled, SCJ
cidnl capsule, many seeded.
Flowers in June and July; earlier south. .
lt was inlroduccd into our l\Jntoria l\ledica by Jllrg's provrngs.
Preparation.-Thc dried root, coarsely poll'dered, _ is. covered 1�·1
five parts by weight of alcohol, and allowed to_ rema111 eight _ days 11
well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, coo! pince, bcmg shnken t\\'IC0 a d:
The tincture is then poured ofl; sirarned and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, 'l\r- .
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class IV.
SILICA.
Proper Name, Silicic Oxide.
Synonyms, Biliceu. Silicea Term.. Silex. Acidum Silicicum.
Formula, Si 0 2 •
Common Names Pure Flint. Bilicious Enrth.
Preparation of Silica.-Ilahnemnnn . 1lirccts this to be pr<:11!11
ernl times to a red heat, or take pure white snnd and wash it ""
distilled Yinogar; when wnshed mix it wi�h two �unces of powde1
natrum, melt the whole in an iron crucible until effcrYes _ �cucc I·
ce:1sed, nnd the liquefied mass look� , clear_ an<;l smooth, w )11ch_ '.s then
be pou1:ed upon a, ma�·blc pln_te. Iho limpid gla:s wh1_ch 1s �hus
1

should not he used. tained 1s to be pul\"Cn zcd while warm, arnl to be fillrd 1 � 1 a vu_ t l, n,
The drul-' �,·ns first provrd by Hnhuemnnn. ing four times its own weight of distilled wa�cr _(the v_ ml bemg,
1

Preparation.-The pure, powdered sepia is covered with f h·e actly filled to a lc\·cl :md a stopper being put 111 1mmedm tely). fl
parts by weight of dilute alcohol, poured into n wcll-sl o p1ierrd hottlc, mixt.u1·c forms a �nl11ti o 11 whi<'h rrmain!' :dwa�-� <'lrar: h11t upon P"'
and allowed tn n•m:iin Pi!!hl, d:11·� in :1 d:irk. ,.,,.,f 1,h,,,, '" ;,.., 1,.,1. ,.
t,, ;,, .. •1 ·,1,1, .,.,
412
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
decomposed, :rnd the snow white silicn separiites from t,h c 1 1ntr11m nnd
falls tu the huLt.11111 uf' the ,·ial."
The following prucrss, which doe.5 not differ in nny essentinl pnr­
tic11lar from that. of llahncmann, is generally adopted: Take of'silil':t,
in powder, one part; dried carbonat,c of sndi11111, four parts. Fus" the
four pnrt..5 of' dry sodium cnrbonn.tc in n clay crucible, nnd gradually
add to the (h,;ed mass the powdered silic:i; at each nddition an escape
of' e:uhnnic oxide takes place, so thnt :i roomy crucihle should be used.
\Vhcn the carbonic oxide ceases to come on; pour the fused mni'S
11pn11 n. clcn.n marble slilh, nnd while slightly warm hrcak it in ,i mor•
lar into snmll pieces and transfer to n. wide-mouthed bottle, adding
sufficient distilled water to dissolve it; the stopper is to be cn.ppcd with
wet bladder. The following dny the solution mny be diluted and
rnpidly filtered through cotton wool to remove particles of dirt, etc.;
then add to the filtered liquid hydrochloric acid gradually iu sm,dl
quantities. The hydrated silica is precipitated in the form of a bulky
gelntinous white precipitate, which is collected and washed with dis­
tilled wnter upon n squnre frame filter. The washing must be con­
tinucd until the filtrate is without taste and no longer precipitates
solutions of nitrate of silver. The precipitate, when thoroughly
washc�l, m:�y be ndva�1tagcously dried upon . a porcela!n water-bath,
when tL shr111ks to an 1mpnlpn.ble powder, wluch has netther taste nor
smell.
lt was first proven by Hal111cmnnn.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Pure silica is trituratc<l
as directed under Class VII.
SILPHIUM LACINIATUM, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Composit:-c.
Common Names, Rosin ·weed. Compass-Plant. Pilot ·weed.
This plant is found growing on the prairies of Illinois and ,viscon-
sin. from thence southw:tn! nm! _ westward. The plnnt is rough-bristly;
stem stout., three tn ten feet high, leafy to the top; lcnvcs pinnatcly
divided, pctioled, clasping at the base; segmcnt.s lanceolatc or linear,
acute, deeply i11cisc1l or pinuatifid, rarely entire; heads few, large,
so mewha� rnce111cd; scales of the involucre ovate, sqnarrous; achcnin.
broad, wmgcd an1l deeply notched. The yellow-flowcre1l heads appear
in ,July. The lower and root-leaves are ,·erticnl, twelve to thirty
inches long, ovate, and on the open prairies tend to present their
c1lgc.� north and south; hence the name Compass-P/,ant.
Preparation.-Thc fresh herb, in ilower, is chopped nnd pound1•d
to :t pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc
taken. the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, and the
rc�t of' the alcohol :uldcd. After having stirred the whole, pour
into a well-stoppcrc1I bot.tie, and let it stood eight d:iys in a dark, cool
pla1·<i. Tlw tinctn re is then separated by decanting, straining and
filtering.
n r11 1
.- pnwrr nr tinr-f11,·,, 1
ROMCEOPA'l'IIIC PHARMACEUTICS. 413
SIMARUBA OFFICINALIS, De Candolle.
Synonyms, Si111arulm Arnnrn, A11blet. Simnruba Guianensis,
Richard. Q,unssia Simaruba, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Simaru bacc:c.
Common Name, Simarubn.
For 1lescriptio11 of the tree sec nrLiclc Q,uassia. The bark of tlw
root co111e.<1 in commerce in pieces several foet in length, no inch
or two ur thrC'c in width :rnd fro111 one-eighth to one-fourth of �11
inch in thickne.<;s. The pieces arc either simply curved or nrc 111
quills. The outer surface of the hark is rough a!1cl much wrinklccl._
hut when the outer, ye! low-brownisli, corky layer 1s removed there 1�
seen the middle grayish-hrown Iny �r. The I_iber is_ thick,_ coarsely
fibrous, of a dull hrown color, the mncr surlncc bcmg striated and
lighter in tint. The hark is difficult to b:eak trnnsvcrscly, the bnst
fibres heing very tough. A transverse section shows n granular out<'r
Ji1.ycr, and internally, obliquely radiating striro. The taste of the bark
is strongly bitter; has no odor.
Preparation.-Thc bark of the root is coarsely powdered and COY·
creel with five parts by weight of nlcohol, poured into n well-stoppc!·ccl
bottle, nnd allowed to rcmnin cighL du.ys in a dnrk, cool pince, bemi:r
shnken twice a dny. The tincture is then poured ofi� strained and
filtered.
Amount of drug pnwr.r, 1\.
Dilutions must be prcpnrccl ns directed under Class IV.
SINAPIS NIGRA, hinn.
Syn'onyms, Bra�sicn. Nigrn. l\Iclanosinapis Commuuis.
Nat. Ord., Cr11cilrr:-c.
Common Name, Black Mustard.
.
Thi!I plnnt is a nati,·c of Eurc!pe, but has hcen nattm';l1zed �o som(•
cxtc11t in the lJnitrd Slates. 1L 1s nu n1111unl, hcrb1�ccous m hah1t, f�·om
thrr<: to �ix Ii-rt high. Stem i,mouth, ro)11HI, strmtc and hrnnchmµ-.
Lc:tv<'S_ nil p<'tiolnte, lower . ones lyratc-prnnnte, dcntnte, upper one,
lnnce-hncn.r, dependent, C'nt1re. Flowers small, sepals and pet.al� sul­
phur-yellow, rn�hcr crowded _0_11 pcduncles nca'.· the eud s ot thr
. _ _
lm111ches. Frmt a pod or stl1riuc, erect, sub�crcte, s_ho1 t-hcaked.
Seeds numerous, small, glohous, nearly black. } lowers m June nnd
July.
Introduced into our l\Intcria l\Icclica by Dr. Clnrcncc W. Butler.
United States.
.
Preparation .-The ripe seeds, conrsel_y pow dered, nre covered w1.th
five prtrls hy weight of nlcohol, poured mto a wcll-stopp�red bottle.
and u.llowcd to rcm:ii11 eight days in a dark, cool _pince, bcmg shaken
twice n dn.y. The tincture is then poured off, stn1111ed and filtered.
Drug power of' tincture, T'n-•
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class IV.

414 JIOM<EOPA TIT IC PHARMACEUTICS.
·· fe')t high; leaves lo.rgc, generally broader thnn long, corcliform, irrcg11
SOLANUM.
Synonym, 80)111111111 Nign1111, Li11n.
Nat. Ord., Solanncc:u.
Common Names, Comlllon Nightshade. Blnck Nightshade.
This is a very co111lllon ho111cly weed, said to be poiso111>11s, growing
in shnderl grou�cls and fields, in Europe, Asia nurl _Allle�·ica. Stem
an11ual 1 a foot ]ugh, much brnnchetl and oftcu sprcad111g, four-angled;
lca\'CS on\te, erosc-toothed; flowers (very small, white) iu small and
11mbcl-likc lntcral clusters, drooping; berries globular, black. Flowers
nppeflr from July to September.
The fir::!, proving was by-Lembke, Germany.
. .
Preparation.-The fresh herb, gathered when commg 111to bloom,
is chopped and pounded to a p11lp, and pressed out iu a piece of new
linen. The expressed juice is then, by brisk agitation, mingled with
an equnl part by weight of alcohol. This mixture is allowed to stnnd
ci,d1t rla,ys in a well-stopperetl bot.tic, in a <lark, cool place, and then
filtered.
Amouut of drng power, ½.
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class I.
SOLANUM ARREBENTA.
Synonyms, Solanum Rebcnta, Vell. Solnnum Aculeo.t.issimum.
Arrebcnt.i Ca\'a.llos.
Nat. Ord., Solannce::c.
This b11sh grows spontaneously in the province of Rio Janeiro,
n.long roads and in cultivated places. It is from ten to sixteen inches
high; its branches, which bil'urcato regularly, arc, while youn g, cov­
ered with strong thorns growing from above down�vard�. Leaves
slightly pubescent, cordato, with five obtuse lobes; their ve111s arc fur­
nished with a fow irregularly distributed thorns. The llowcrs are
supported by peduncles arising from the axils of the len.ves in gronps
of two or three. Calyx five-parted, very prickly on the outside;
corolln. with five divisions; five stamens; a. style. Berry red, fleshy,
two-celled, containing a largo number of small seeds. Roots fibrous,
arising from a common rhizome.
It was introduced into our Matcria Medica by Dr. Mure, Brazil.
Preparation.-Thc fresh leo.ves nre triturated ns dircetctl uudcr
Class IX.
SOLANUM MAMMOSUM, Linn.
Synonym, Mammiform Solanum.
Nat. Ord., Solanacc.-c.
Common Name, Nipple Night.'lhnde.
This bnsh is a native of Virginia, the Caroliuns nnd the "\Vest Indies,
and grows iu hedges nnd on cultirnt.cd places. Stem herbaceous, fur­
nished with prickles :rncl lonir hniri:. PrPC't, hra1H•hv. f'mm 1111·"" tn li1ur
HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 41/i
lady-angular, lobed, shaggy on bot. h sides, with yellow nerves on th,
lower surface, the midrib furnished with <ln.rk yellow prickles; How
ers scattered, panicled, of a bi 110-gmy color; berries macuuifor111.
yellow.
It was introduced into our l\fotcria l\fcdica by Dr. Hering.
Preparation.-Thc fresh, ripe hcrrics arc pounded to 11. pulp n111I
pressed out in a piece of new linen. The expressed juice is then, liy
brisk agitation, mingled with an equal part by weight of alcohol.
This mixture is allowed to stanrl eight days in a well stoppered bottl1·.
in a dnrk, cool place, and t,hcn filtered.
Drug power of tiuctw·c, t
Dilutions must be prepared ns rlircctccl under Class I.
SOLANUM OLERACEUM, Velloz.
Synonyms, Gyquirioba. Juqucrioba.
Nat. Ord., Solanacc::c.
This is nu herbaceous plant wit,h n. creeping nnd somewhnt ligncou�.
cylindrical stem, the upper hrnuchrs being covered ,rith short and
crooked thorns. The lca\'CS, of n. dark green color, are alternate, irregu­
larly pinnat.o; the folioles arc long, lanecolatc, almost sessile 011 o. thorny
spike; they nrc from seven to nine, those at. the top being the lnrgr�t.
The flowers arc snpportcd hy ramosc pediclcs, whieh do not grow out
of axils; calyx campanulatc, with five divisions; corolla greenish-white·.
monopctalous, with five equal, rntnccous, somewhat rcfloxed di,·i�i1111<
alternating wit,h those of t,ho calyx; stnmens five, wit.h erect, convcrir·
ing and bilocular anthers; their filn111cnt.s arc short, with t.he except.ion
of oue, which is longer than the rest; ovary oval, surmouutccl by :1
filiform style. Derry spherical, two-celled, of a dark green color, wil h
white spots. This solm111m grows 011 the shores nround Rio J1incir11.
in damp and shady places.
It was introduced into our l\foteria Mcclica by Dr. l\fore, Brazil.
Preparation.-The fresh blossoms arc t.rituratcd as directed under
Class IX.
SOLANUM TUBEROSUM lEGROTANS.
The Diseased Potato.
The poto.to is a native of Chili, but is very lnrgely cnlt.ivntccl i11
11carly all countries. It is an herbaceous plnnt, with a branchy stl•lll
nbout one or two feet high. Its .lcnvrs arc pinnntifid, with lenflcts tl1al
arc oval, cnt.irc, slightly !miry on t,hrir lower i:urfocc nut! almost op­
posite. Smaller foliolcs somcti111cs arise between the IHgcr 011cs. Tlw
flowers coustitutc corymbs either erect or inclined; calyx i11 five pa1'1�;
corolla of a white-violet color, wit,h fi\'C equal di,·isions; five stnmrn:<
attached to the base of the corolla; one style and stigma; fleshy berry
with two cells. The roots develop tubers of different sizes, cnllcd pota­
toes. The potato-rot first reveals itself by brown spots irregularly dis•
ql(j HOMCEOI' A'rHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
trihuted through the interior of the tubers; grndunlly these spots nre
transformed into white points of n. cottony n.l)pcnrnncc, which mny be
compurcd to the cryptogmnic growth termec byssus, found on damp
wood. From this plant :L gcnernl process of decomposition sets in, and
the potato then cxhnles an iusupportablc nauseous odor.
Introduced into our Matcria Medica by Dr. Mure, l3rnzil.
Preparat ion .-Thc potato in such n state of decomposition as to
contnin hrowu portions intermingled with the byssus-shnpcd pnrts de­
!'Cribecl above, is triturntcd as directed under Class IX.
SOLIDAGO VIRGA-AUREA, Lin?t.
Nat. Ord., Compositrc.
Common Name, Golden-Rod.
ThiE is n vn.riablc species indigenous to Europe, Northern Asia, and
on this continent to Caunda and the northern portion of the United
States. It is from one to three foct high, branched nbovc, pubescent or
ncn.rly glnbrous; leiwcs lanccolntc or oblanceolatc, or the lower ellip­
tical-obovate or nearly spntulate, petioled, serrate with smn.11 apprcssed
tt•cth or nearly entire; rnccmes thyrsoid or simple, narrow; scales of
the involucre l:rnceolntc or linear, acute. The flower-hends coutniu
eight or ten ligulntc and several tubular disc-florets of a yellow color.
The herh has an aro111atic odor, nnd n bitterish nnd somewhnt astrin­
gent taste.
Preparation.-The fresh blossoms nrc chopped nnd pounded to n
pulp nnd weighed. Then two pnrts by weight of alcohol are tnkcn,
the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth pnrt of it, nnd the rest of
the alcohol ndded. After having stirred the whole, pour it into a well­
stoppered bottle, nncl let it stnncl eight clays in a dnrk, cool pince.
The tincture is then �cparatcd by decanting, straining and filtering.
Drug power of' ti11ct11rc, A.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Clnss III.
SPARTIUM SCOPARIUM, J_,i,nn.
Synonyms, Cyt_isus Scopnri11s, Link. Snrothnmnus Scoparius,
Koch. Snrothamn11s Vulgar1s. Wimmer. Gcuista Scoparin, Lamarck.
Nat. Ord., Lcguminosro.
Common Names, Broom. Broom Tops.
The broom is :i. woody shrub f om three to six feet high. It is found
r
in Central a11d Southern Russia; in Southern Europe its pince is sup­
plied by other species. It is found plentifully iu the vnllcy of the
Rhine in Southern Germany nnd Silesia, but is most i�buudaot in
( :rent l3ritain and throughout the more temperate portions of'\Vestern
nnd Northern Europe; it is occasionally found in the Middle and
�outhcrn United Stntcs. It hns numerous straight ascending branches,
which are sharply five-angled. Leaves tri-foliate, petiolate, lcnllets
obovatc or clliptic-lanceolnte. Towards the extremities of the branches
the lenvcs arc gcncrnlly represented by one ncnrly sessile ovate leaflet.
. HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEU'l'ICS. 417
Leaves, �Yhe � young,. arc rcddish-h�iry. Flowers pnpilionaceous, bright
yellow, odo1.ous, solitary aud axillary. Le1-:11111c oblong, one . and n
hnl !' to two mches Jong, co111prcsscd, dark brown and fringed with hnir
on its edge. Seeds ten to twclve, olivc-colored.
�repar�tion .-Thc fresh blo:i5oms !ire pounded to n pulp and
\l,�ighed. Then tw � parts �y weight of alcohol arc taken, the pulp
nrnrnd thoroughly :v1th o.uc- ·1xth part of it, and the rest of the nlcohol
added. After .hnvmg s�trrcd the :'·hole, pm,r it into a. well-stoppcrrd
?ottle, and let 1t stand c1gh� da.ys 111 a dark, enol place. The tincture
JB then sepnrated by dccaut111g, straining nnd {iltcriug.
A�o�nt of drng power, IJ-.
Dilutions must be 1wcparcd as directed uudcr Class III.
SPIGELIA.
Synonyms, Spigclia Authelmia, Linn. Anthclmia Quadriphylla.
Nat. Ord., Loganiacc..-c.
,Co.m.mon Names, Pinkroot. '\Vormgrass.
rl�JS is an annual plant of the '\Vest Indies ancl South America Its
root 1s sh?i:t and divided into numerous loug, thin, blackish and intcr­
�nlly w�it1sh brnnchcs. Its stem is herbaceous, twelve to eighteen
mc)1es l11gh, . cha1111clcd and branched. Lenvcs opposite iu pairs those
wluch te �·1mna.tc the linrnchcs fou.r together. in the form of' a' cro!'s,
ovn.te, pomted. The flowers stand 111 short spikes, nrul are pale reddish
?r purple, not over one-half i�ch loug. The dried plant is of a grny­
ISh-gree � color, and has n famt odor and n bitter taste. Its flowers
appear ID July.
It was first proven by Hahncmann.
P:eparation.-Thc fres!1ly dried herb, hnving been gathered when
bearrn_g flowers nn<l seeds, 1s finely powdered, covered with five parts
by weight of �!coho), and allowed to re �111in eight day.s in n well-stop-
_
1:eied bottle,
_ ID n dark, cool place, bemg shaken twice a dny. The
tmcture lS then poured on: strnincd and liltcrcd.
D�ug _power of tincture, ,\r.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
SPIGGURUS MARTINI.
Syponyms, Sphingums l\Iartini. Chrotomys Subspinosus.
Class, l\1ammalin.
Order, Glires.
Family, Hystrichinn.
Common Name, Porcupine.
The_porcupinc is common in Brazil, where it lives on trees and se­
cures itself by means of it� hind feet; it uses its tail, which is pretty
long, as � �eaus of descend mg. Its length, fron1 the muzzle to the tip
of the tail, lS about a foot; the tail is almost as long as the trnuk. The
upper pnrts of the hody arc covered with �harp prickles about nn i11 eh
I I II' 1 . I ,, I 1 i ,t 1 • .. J,, • " ,., nf' •1 ,.,,,.,. fl,;,,
 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 4m
Symbol, Fin.
Atomic Weight, 118.
Origin and Prep aration of Tin .-Tin is fo11u<l in nature in
the metallic stiite in srn:tll amount only; it 111ure frequently occurs as
disulphide iu tin pyrites and most abundantly as dioxide in the ore
kuowu as ti11stonc or ca.�-�iterilc. The 111ctal has been known fro111 I h,1
ren10Lc.5t Limes; it is mentioned b): .Moses in Numbers XXXI., 22, :111·1
Homer speaks of it in the Iliad. . The largest deposits of the ore are
in Cornwall and Devonshire in England, in the Island of Banca and
in l\falacca; it has also been found in other countr ies, amoug thc n 1
Austrnlia., and Ciilif'ornin in the Uuited Stntes.
Preparation.-The Linstone is rn c shed, roaster! and washed, then
· SPONG IA. n.
mixed \\•ith ch:irconl nncl reduccJ in ii peculinr form of re,·erbcrnlory
a. S[Jongin OfTicimtlis, Lin furnace. It is refined by melting it and thrusting into the bath of
Synonym�, S pn_ngirt 'I'ost melted metal billets of green wood; the disengagement of gas from
Class, Por 1 phc rn. . the wood produces :t con stnnt cbullition in the melted Lin and causes ii
Order, Cerntospong1rc. .
froth on the surface, which consist� chiefly of the oxides of other metals,
Common N ame, ?P0?gc. s of
cs 11,rc 11,mong the lowest clas together with some o xide of' tin; this scum is skimmed ofl' all(l the tin
Origin and Descnp h '?�·�Pb�fh the sea an d fresh water, and is ladled into moulds. The purest tin co111cs in gnmular frag111e11ts, 1111<1
m)I
n nimal organisms. They Ill to rocks or other hard snb m�cr-
st�nccs . is known as grain-tin, a lc.�s pure form in i1wots bci1w known ns bloc/.:­
grow from n 'hroa,l attachm f\t ssue arises which brnn , chcs or tin. The purest quality of tin comes frolll tli c Islall(I of B�nca, nnd is
cut :i mass o
c

From the :ilta • cl11n w I 10 i e mass is ,trn ' v crsed by an_astomosmg termed strait-tin.
lncC's in viinous mot lc.'l. The. I c:, rin� then as d'fl t 'erent s1· zed ,. Properties.-Tin is n Roft, hrilli:mt white m clnl, with a faint
d
c:111:�ls, opening ()11 tl�c ontst :-inml� <. itR t-m etl 111 grc :it p nrt ofsplint ·
tiuge of hlue. \\'hen warmed it elllifR a clmrnctcristic odor, and 11·hc11
pores. The skeleton in somt c n d silicn,. in others there is i�o skcrc­ bent it givcR forth 11. peculiar crricklin g sound known �s the Cl_')' of tin;
u:1 .
sh:ipe<l masses made up of n gc liitmous o r
S!St11 � f p·ro l\ f'crntions of' this sound is caused hy the interior crystals brcak111g ngn111st each
tal pnrt, the w hole boJr COD :;g O ll ,cs arc gat her ed by div_crs, �vho othei·. Its specific grnvity is 7.29; it crystallizes in �wo for111s b?long­
y.
semi-cartilaginous COU�l��cnc _ ..��vt�s, and tea r the la_tter n.w:ty f�·on_,. ing to the isometric and qunclrntic syste111s rcspe?�1,·ely. It 1s ex­
the g .
(lc sccn d to the rock bc,,1 m g trv 1 s can··1 c<l on htrg
cly 111 the Med1te1. tremely n111.llcablc , and at the temperntu rc of botlmg water cnn IH·
ent . '> : TI · • ·
1 dus
their attachm �. .
c also in th w ters surrouncl'•�g th. 0 readily drawn into wire; its tenacity is, ho11·evcr, but slight. ·when
rancan near Syrta an n _Grt r',t�ific Ocean. The kind p rescnh ed Ill
115
e n

1e heated to about 200 ° C. (392 ° F.), or when cooled to n low tcmpcrn­

\Vest In,l i:t Islnuds _au� m t . key sponge.
t ,1 ow 1 commerce ns 'fur turc it becomes brittle and cn n then be easily powdered. At. about
homceopnthie prnct. 1ce i s J1'� � � a1::1 �" in v:trious sized pieces, gener­ 230 ° C. (4-+G ° F.) it 111elt.9, and nt a white heat volatilizes. The
!tS , 1 c,
It is soft compre�s1hlc a.n e
11. n rl h llow ed out or cup-slmpe<l . mct11.l ta.l�cs a fine polish and has then hut little rndinti n g p<mcr. It
nlly obl�ng clo�s not o>-idi:w in the nir eve n when 111uist, al onlirmry tcn1perature�,
the <lrurr w ns first p rove hy Hal n! en trll- Tnrl·ey sponge roasten
o

op at h ic and but very slightly in w:'.Lcr . ,yhen fus?cl in th? :iir, h�1Ycver; its
n

Prep r�t ion for Ho mre g charco11.l, .

n 11- over\u;nin · surface becomes covered ,1·1th a t\1111 grny him con�1st111g of both _ tl�(•
brown ( but uot burnt) i :i roaster _ kc l Jt t �1 1:s�. · ,
, to re- .
a

lc >fiol • nn cl itllowcd
· I I .f'ive p n1·t.5 by we1gl1 t o f ,. · stann ous and stannic oxide's. Tin is not af.tnckcd hy stron g llltrn·
n

is covered wit n cln,r k, coo l pl 11.cc , \.icmg

in :, ' 11-st ?pp . <l. l t. t l i i acid, specific gntvit.y l.f>, the 111ctnl even prC'scrving its ch:11?ctcrisl i('
111:1in eight chy� ;� � off, strnincd 11.n<l f l­
ctu1e .,s)�lied poured brilliancy, but whc11 the acid is diluted it n�tacks t_hc n1ctal mtl_1 grc:11.
er e n

sh:iken twice II. d:ty. Ihe L111 violence un<l converts it Lo metaslannic ncHI. Dilute sulphunc acid
tered. attacks tin slowly with the evolution of h_rclrogcn, the hot coneen­
Amount of ilrug p ower ,
-f'rf·l as c1'. tee ted under Class IV. trate<l acid acts very energetically with the prncluclion of' sulphurous
Dilution s must be prcpnrcc_ \ u ncler. Cl!tSs VII are also officmat acid. Tin forms with other metals many vnlunblc alloys; 11111011g
Triturntions prep11.red ns d1rectcc these may be 111c11Lioncrl gu n -metal, bronze, hell rnctnl, speculum
metal, type metal, pewter and britannia. .
STANNUM. Stannum Precipitatum.-For mcdicinnl purposes we first rcduec
Synonym, Rt:wm1111 �fotallic nm.. ' '' tin by rncltin� it n11d po11ri11� it. into :i dec'p vc�cl fillell with pure
r .. n,rn"" 1\l-,n,r-<; Tin ,r,.1:111,r I 111. 'P 11 rr Tin. I • I 1• •• I ' I :
 420 HOllICEOPATHIC P.HARi\IACEUTICS.
One part of such l:un_in:_lt cd Lin is covered, in n suit.able vessel with
rnlc� 111unat1c acid, and set aside at a 1110<.lcrnt.c ,,,1;rmth
l'. urc couccut.
_ leafy, laciuiatcd, 1,htu:;c, smooth; green above, and J)iited, somewlmt
f.,r solllt1m1. \V1thollf. fo:tr or co1 1ta111inatio11 rt polisl,,•d copper v(•sscl
1'.1 :'.)' be ndvantag?ously c11q1(oycd for t.his purpose as long as care is
t.1!.cn to have. t11 1 ahrn_.rs 11! excess. Hy adding the m11ri1ttic acid
g-�·adllaliy pe1-fcct sulllt.1on 1s cflcct.cd. This solution, filtered, is
_ finely chopped, covered with live parls hy wci<Yht of c1nute akolwl.
dtl_ulcd with 1 fnurt.c?n parts of distilled water. Aller havi11g sli,d 1 tl
:��1d _1 .l:.tcd t.l!c sol \1t1on with p�1rc 1�111rint.ic acid, if" 11ccessary, t.hc" gaf.
,.1111c' 1' cduct.w11 of_ the met.al 1s cflccl('d by t.hc :ulditin11 or 1.i1w, a11d
the whole process 1s �ollowc<l up as given under Pl11ntlrn111. Jn this
,rny a �ubt.de nnd quite pure mctnllic powder is ohlaincd, of a light
ycllow1sl!•g1:ny color, d11ll, which assumes a 111clnl1ic brilliancy uudcr
the burn1sh111g-stcel.
It w:u; first proven by Hnhncmnnn.
. P:eparation �or Homceopathic Use.-The precipilated metal
1s tnturatcd, as <l1rected under Class VII.
STAPHISAGRIA.
Synonyms, Delphinium Stnphisagria, Linn. Staphy<lis Agria.
Stnphisagria Pe<licularis.
Nat. Ord., Rnnunculace::c.
�om _ �on Names, Stn�•cs �ere. Lnrk-spllr.
I h1s �s an annual _ or b1en1111:l plant found growing in Southern
Et _
, 1 ope 111 poor s01ls. Its stem 1s simple, erect, downy and grows ton.
� cup-shaped calyx, lobed :rnd crenulntc. Female flowers haYc a three·
hc��ht of_a foot �r more. L<;:1ves pi!lmaiely, five to scvcn-lobccl, on
l :1111y pct1oles. liJowcrs nrc 111 tcnn111nl rnccmcs on long pcdicel:;.
_ sules three-lobed, three-ccllccl, t.hrcc-scccled. The plant, like most 111
?ep_ �ls fi�•c, 1rre�ular, the upper one spur!·ed behind. Petals four, very
11 1 c1:,uln1 , t.he t�,o upper ones protrncted mlo two tubular ncclnriforous
spurs cnclos_c<l m the spu!· of t.hc calyx. Frnit a straight, oblong cap­
sule; seeds 11T�gularl:y tnangulnr, as large ns wheat grains, extcrnnlly
b�·own nnd wrmkled, mternnlly pale nnd oily. The seeds haven faint
rl1�ngrccahle odor nud a bitter followed by a burning taste.
It was first proveu by Hahnc111ann.
Preparation_.-Th� ripe seed, coarsely powdered, is covcrerl with
fi vc parts by weight o� alcohol, and allowed to rc111nin eight chys in a
_ Drug power of tincture, L
�\ell s_toppcre<;J bottle, 111 n dark, cool place, being shaken twice a day.
Ihe tmcturc ,s poured off, straine<l nnd filtered.
D�·ugyowcr of tincture. lo- -
Ddut10ns must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
STICTA.
Synonyms, Sticta. Pulmona.rin, Linn. Lnboria. Pulmonarin.
Liehcn P11l111onnrius. Pulmouaria. Rcticulat.n.
Nat. Ord., Lichcnes.
Common Names, Lungwort Lichen. Tree Lungwort. Onk-
11111,,...:_ T,111111· \l,\..... \'
HOllICEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 421
northern and mount.ainorn; cmrntics of Englnnrl, nn<l in New Englarnl,
New York, Pcnnsylv:111i:t and Carolina in the United States. Jt. i:­
reticulated; downy hcncath; shields rnost.ly lllnrginal.
It ,ms first proven by Dr. 8. l'. Burdick, Unit.eel States.
Preparation.-Thc fn•sh lichen, grown on the stwar-111aplc i�
the mixture poured int.o n. well-stoppered bottle, �ncl allowed to rc111ai11
eight _ days iu a dark, �ool p l_ acc, hcin� ,-h:ikeu twice a day. The tinl"­
ture 1s then poured of!, st.rn111cd and liltercd.
Amount of drug power, 1\i.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
STILLINGIA.
Synonyms, Stillingia Sylvaticn, Linn. Snpium Sylrnticum.
Torrey.
Nat. Ord., Euphorbiacc::c.
Common Names, Cock-up-hat. Queen's Root. Queen's De­
light. Yaw Root.
This iudigeno11s, perennial plant is found gro,,·ing in pine barren�
and sandy soils, from Virginia. to Floridn and Louisiana. The stem i�
herbaccous, simple, two or three feet high. Leaves n.lteruatc, sub-se�­
_
B(le, cunentc at base, Rerrn late nm! ohtusc at npcx. The plant is mono•·
c1ous. Flowers yellowish, in n simple spike. l\Inlc flowers have a
lobed calyx and trifid style. Fertile flowers at base of spike. Cap·
the Euphorbiace::c, emits n milky juice when wounclcd.
It was first proven by Dr. A. B. Nichols, United States.
Preparation.-The fresh root is chopped and pounded to n pul I'
and weighed. Then two parts by weight of nlcohol are taken, nud
after thorou i;hly mixing the pulp wit.h one-sixth part of it, the rest (II
the alcohol 1s acldcd. After having stirred the whole, pour it into:,
well-stoppered bottle, natl let it stand eight dnys in n. dnrk, cool pine•·
The tincture is then separated by dccnnt.ing, sf.mining and filtering.
Dilutions must be prepnrcd as directed under Class III.
STRAMONIUM.
Synonyms, Dat.ura Strnmonium, Linn. Solanum 1\Inniacum.
Nat. Ord., Solannce..'ll.
Common Names, Jamestom1 or "jimson" ·weed. Thornappk
This plnnt is found in many parts of the world, but is believed to Ii,
a native of Asin. In the Unite<l Stntes it is widely distributed and i
f�und near towns and villn.ges, on roadsides, near dung-henps or rn J.
h 1!;h. The phnt is 1111 :rnn11al; it.s root. is large, whitish. furni�h<'•
1 1 , f", , 1.: \, ... , 11
422 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
4'.

ann
liollow, dichotom_ously liranchc<l above. Leaves nro Ahort-pctiolntc nt Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The pure stronti
I':

l '�c ba�c oft!1c d1chot°.11mw1 (1ra11chC'!-,_ fh·c or six inchC's long, of a '011_
_ bonica is triturntcd as directed under Uluss VII.
crnl o,ntc-tnnngulnr form with lnrgc 1rrcgulnr teeth nnd sinuses, tf:trk
� 1·ccn ahovc, pale� bcnc3:th. Flowcr:s la.rgc, so l itary, axillary on pc­ . STRYCHNINUM:
.
d1111cles. �orolla 111fu11d1bultforr11
I 1othcd bor der, color creamy wlutc. 1 with IL l�ng tube nnd 1L plmtcd five­ Synonyms, Strychninum Purum. Stryehnia.
Fn 1 1t a two-celled, four-valved
npsulc, the c?lls two to �hrcc parted. Seeds small, rcniform, llatlencd, Common Name, Strychniuc.
n?arly b l ack )II color, w1�h?ut odor unless crushed nnd of a nauseous, Formula, C 21 H 2 2 N 2 0 2 ,
, Molecular Weight, 334. .
lirltcr taste ,nth some acr1cl1ty. The whole plant hns a muk, oflcnsivo V?m1cn, firn
odo;. Flowers from June to August according to its locality. Preparation of Strychnia.-One part _of Nnx
twcnty-fo�1r hour�_
The drug was first proven by l-fol111ema1111. comminuted by r:_1sping, is Lo be _mnc�ratcd i?r tl1)' at y,c, I
43 parts of very dilute h. r irochl orrc :tctd ( h strcng
Pr�paration.-The ripe s�ed, powdered, is covered with five parts
Ill
and expn,­
!r
for two hours
by �vc1g l_it o( nlcoho�, poured mto a wel 1-stopp?rc!d bottle am! a l lowed of the time the whole 1s to be boiled same proc<''.h
The residu e is to_ be submi tted to the
�o 1 e1�1111n er�ht da)S 111 n dark, cool pla<'C', hc111g !<hnken twice a day. through linen. of the cir!,
tune the snn!e amou nt
The t-111ct 11ro 1s then poured oil; strained and filtered. twice, successively, using each
result ing clecoc tions ar? to be mixed nnd _ cva1!o�atecl I•
D:ug_ power oftincture, 1\1. acid. The
ti mr_lk of l_rme 111;1
D1Iut1ous must be prepared as directed under Class IV. thin syrupy consistence and ther� 1s to _ he ncl�ed
of_ the w?1ght. of tl�e N
by slaking lime to the nmonnt of one-sixth 1s to he bo1 tcd
parts of water ; the mixtu re
Vomica taken in three transferred t•
ancl is then to be
ten minutes ,;ith constant stining
STRONTIANA CARBONICA.
bng in which the _p�ecip i�ntc is to be thoro ughly wn��
Synonyms, Strontium Carbonate. Strontianite. C.:nrbonns Stron- double linen � scd_ nn�I dri-
1tatc 1s )lOW to b prc.
ticus. , Lroutianro Carbonn.�. with distilled water. The prec1p
which contam s hruetn, 1s _to
<:
Mineral, Sr CO 3 • . and then powde red. The powde r,
0,·e the Intl.er 1_1111 ii. 1
Common Name, Cnrbonnte of8tronti 11 m treated repeated l y with dilut.e n!cohol t.o ren_1
rec(dc ncd_ when tested wr�h 1111
This s1�lt occurs !111.tive ns the miricnd slro;itirt,nite in Strontian, i 11 washin rrs are no longer, or hu_t famtly,
e is to be repea tedly boded mth a)cohol unt1l_ a I'
f'.r9y l csl11re, wh�re 1t wns first observed. It is also found in the Hartz, acid. "i'he residu nlcohoh_c �•
bitter ; the rC'su ltmg
1 1 1 8axony, nnd 111 other places. tion of the former 110 longer tastes ] th� alcohol clrf'I ii
Pro_µert(es,-T!10 crystals of carbonate of strontium are right to be rnixc< l, plncc cl on n w=:ter -hnth ::11(
tions are mth three part,
rhomh1c pnsms, mth _ laternl cleavage nearly perfect; nlso fib ro w, off. The residue after being washed 1s to be n11xcd ions of sulph_u
gnulu :1I :tddit
g�·anular. Green, white, grny, yellow, brown, uRually light colors; water, heated gently and treated with
rd d1ssoh·cd. l'unl
Yl�rcous, �rnuspnrent, trnnslucc_nt_; brittle, _ "'.ith w_hite streak. It pnfli; acid until the reaction is neutral aml the alkalo
added , the mixt� rrc boiled for� few •:•
h� heat, f uses ou the �dges, em1tt111g a hrr l lrnnt light, and gives a red­ animal charcoal is now to he I
dish co l ?r to the redu�mg llame; it is soluble in acids with eflcrvcscence. filtere d, partly evapo rated :!rnl Fct as1�c to <'rystalhzc_.
utes, a_ r e to he d,��o( ,
ol' strych 111a thus oh1:11n cd,
Jt re<] urres for solution over 18,0 00 parts of cold wntcr (Fresenius) crystals of the sulphate
ally 11111 t1 _Lh? stryeh111:•
an_d 8:33 l!llrts of w_atcr satur:�ted with CO 2 nt 1 0° U. (5 0 ° F.), nnd ir; in wnter, and water of ammonia nddecl gradu
d. This precip itate of pure strychntn rs to be dr
�h s stat� •� occurs 111 some mmeral waters from whic!1 by eYnporation entirely precipitate
_ l? 11. w�II-s t?ppe rcd ho�tle. . ,.
it '.,ippe.11 s m n?edl_e-sl mped crystals. ·when heated 111 close vessels it on bibulous paper a·nd tr�nsforred ohc solutwn:•
<)�es not pnrt w1�h its C? 2 n.t any temperature J_ ess �ha_n �hat ofa forge s--St rychn 1:L c!·yst. a ll1zl's _ fro_ m its alcoh
Propertie �lHI _ h�s a , •
s. H 1s mtho ut oclor
li_,_ c, but 1!1 n st1_ eam of 1u1ueous vapor _ or moist arr 1t 1s decomposc<l small colorlcss four-sided pnsm lut1on �s mtc_m·
a�d. thoso
"�th the for_mat1on of the hydrnte. It 1s not decomposed by solutious bitter taste. It is slightly s?luble in wnter, of cold, 2,o00 of 1 ,
011 nb<(ut ? ,_ 0 parts
of the alkalmc sulphates at nny temperature. bitter; it requires for solut1 0 0
'..
90 per cent. alcohol, 1 .
It wns firs� proven by Nerllling, Germany. ing water 200 o( cold :\IJd 20 of h01lmg In nbso) ul<'
chloroform.
_P�ep-;1rat�on.-!"o_r ho_mmopathic purposes we dissoh-e carbonate of ether1 �bout 300 of glycerine and 5 of
the fixed nn�I vol�t.rle ''
of st10 1 1t111m 111 m 11rm�1c 11;c1d nnd set n.�1rlc to crystallize. It is purified cohol it is almost insoluble; it is soluhle in
�1_)' •:epeat�d _rccrystal hzatron. 9f this pure strm)ti 11111 chloride one part acid soluti ons it is disso lved with the for111n�1on of •�cul
. In dilute rom its solutions by the :1lknhes, t:11111111 ..
�� drsso l v_c<i 111 ten parts of d1strlled water, 1111d from this the carbonate s:ilts. It is precipitated f'
nto (wh1LC') and by pint•
I!' reprcc 1 p1tatcd by a so l ution of rnrbunate of sodium. The precipi­ tnssium iodide nnd pot:t.",;ium sulphocyan . .
tate 1s w1�,;l1?tl r�pcntcdly nntl carefully dried. It is 1i white, light, fino an<l gold chlor ides (.rC'll o�I"). _ . .
powder, !-tmrlar m nppcarnn<·c to carhonatP nf lll!l!!ll"!<i11111. i,1,,,dtfi,•'111,,H " fpw ,·r,·�:1:tli;: nt �,r,·,·hn1:i :11,.. 111
T l"' �tr ,.,,.,. ;f,·
424 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
dissolved in a few drops of pure concentrated sulphuric acid in the
cold; wheu the solution is touchctl by n. cry!<tal of pota!<Sium clichro­
matc there occurs a blue or violet eolorntion ll'hich soon pa.<:scs inw
red and then into green. A test to determine il'liether 1� specimen he .
mixed with morphia, or he entirely the latter, is the folloll'i11g: A solu­
tion of the substance is made in dilute alcohol and then treated with
weak potash solut,ion; :L precipitate i11soluhlc in excc.<:8 of t.hr. alkali is
clPpP1ulPnl. upon the 'n'i-11'11<'<1 of st.rychnin. m; hC'l11·t•<m tho two alknloicls,
morphia being solu l,le in the reagent. If n1orphi:L he present wit,h
strychnia the test gi1·en above for the identification of st,ryclrnin will
show a distinctly broll'u colorntion. \Vhcn n, fow crystnls of strychnia
arc boiled in ll'atcr with :i few drops ofsih·er nitrntc solution, or of an
alkaline copper solution, a precipitate of the reduced mclal ll'ill show
the presence ofmorphia. Strychnia or its sails should dissolve in :1 25
per cent. nitric acid ll'ithout color, and when heated to 50 ° C. (122° F.)
the solution will remaiu eolorless; a red color shows the presence of
brucia. As it is diflicult to free strychuia entirely f't-0111 bruci:1 a slight
rcdde�ing by this test mny be allowed. \Vhcn strych11ia or its snlts
1ire dissolved in water with the aid of few drops of sulphuric acid, the
solution should show no turbidity when treated with potassium carbo­
nate solution, otherwise the presence ofother alkaloids may be assumed.
A portion of the allmloid when incinemted upon platinum foil should
be consumed without residue (absence ofinorganic impurities).
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Pure strychuia is tritu­
mtcd ns directed unrlcr Class VII.
STRYCHNINUM MURIATICUM.
Synonym, Strychnim IIydrochlorns.
Common Name , l\[urin,tc of Strychnia.
Formula, 2(U21 H 22 N 2 0 2 HUI), 3H 20.
Molecular Weight, 795.
Preparation and Properties of Muriate of Strychnia.-Ry
carefully neutralizing warm dilute hydrochloric acid ll'ith str_ychnin.
until the reaction is ucutml; t.he solution is then to he set aside to
crysta.llizc. The snlt crystallize�"! in colorlcsf', silky ncccllcs \\'hich cfllo­
rcsce in the air; they arc soluble in about fifty prirt.s of cold water.
Tests.-Those given in the article strychniuum nrc applicnble to
the salts ofstrychnia generally.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Pure muriate ofstrych­
nia is triturated ns directed under Class VII.
STRYCHNINUM NITRICUM.
Synonym, Strychni::e Nitrns.
Common Name, Nitrate of Stryclmia.
Formula, C21 H 22 N 2 0 2, HN0 3.
Molecular Weight, !-197.
Preparation.-0nc l11mclrcd pnrts of �t.r_r<•.hni:1 am to he cxactlv
HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 42:
neutralized with pure nitric acid, specific gravity 1.185, diluted witl
·twice its volume of water. About sixty-three parts of the strong nci­
will be required. The use ofthe acid iusufficiently diluted will rcsu I
iu the fonnat10r. of au acid salt. The solution is to be set aside I
crystallize.
Properties.-Nitrntc of strychnin crystallizes in Luf't s of pcr111:
nent, colorless, fine, flexible, silky 11cedles, which arc neutral in re:1,
tion, without odor, and possess a very l,it.tcr tniitc. Tltcy nrc sol11!,'
slowly in ninety parts of cold, nm! i11 from two to thrrc of hoili1•
water, in seventy ofcold, and in five of boiling 90 per cent. nlcohol, i
thirty of glycerine. They n1·c insoluhie in ether. \Vhcn hcntcil I It,
swell up, turn yellow, and emit pufls of' nitrogen gas or its loll'cr oxid,
and a carbonaceous rcsidnc is left which is at last completely cu1
sumed. For tests sec nrlit'lc Slrychni1111m.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Pure nitrate of strycl
nia is triturated, as directed under Class VIL
STRYCHNINUM PHOSPHORICUM.
Synonym, Strychnirc Phosphns.
Common Name, Phosphate of Strychnia.
Preparation.-By exactly neutralizing warm, dilute, phosphor
acid with strychnia nnd scLLi11g aside the solution to cryslallizc, t I
crystals appear as silky ncr.rllC's.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use·.-Pure phosphate ,
strychnia is triturated, as directed under Class VIL
• 'STRYCHNINUM SULPHURICUM.
Synonym, Strychni:c Sulphns.
Common Name, Sulphate ofStrychnia.
Formula , (C 21 II 22 N 2 0 2,)2 H 2 S0 4, 7H2 0.
Molecular Weight, 8!J2.
Preparation of Sulphate of Strychnia. -This salt 11111�· I
prepared by neutrnli;,.ing a boiling- mixture of ten parts of' co11<·',·
trated sulphuric acitl, l 00 '.)f' dis�illcrl w:�ter,_ and 100 of �lcol10l, ".,,
_
sixty-seven parts ofstrychn,a. The solution 1s to be set aside 111 at° "
place to crystallize. As the crystals arc deliquescent they should I
dried in a warm place.
. . . .
Properties.--Sulphatc of strychnia 1s 11� small,_ four-s1clc(I, orlh
rhombic prisms, which arc perfectly neutral m reaction, arc soluhlP
about ten parts of cold water, nud easily so in aqueous nlcoh:
When heated to 135 ° C. (275° F.) the crystals melt and part 11"1'
their water ofcrystallization.
Tests.--See article Strychninum.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Pure sulphate ofstr)"l'
nia is triturated, as dircctetl under Class VII.
L12G HOl\ICEOPATHIC l'HARMACEU'l'ICS.
SUCCINUM.
Synonym, Amber. . . . .
Origin.-Amber is con�1dere� to be � fossil � e�m, aud nccord1 _ ng_
to Gocppcrt is the cxudat1ou of nn cxtmct coniferous tree Finites
snccinifer; the chemical properti� :ind m_odc of occurrcnc? ?f the sub­
stauce lcn.vo scarcely a doubt of its lmvmg some such or1g111. It hns
hccn found cue rusting or pe1�etrnting fossil wood, just n.s �esin does at
the present day, . and cnclosmg the cones and leaves of the trncs;
numerous insects the inhabitants of ancient forests, are often found
c 1 11hal1 11cd in it.' Amher occurs plentifully in regulur veins in some
parts of Prussin.; it hns also been found in 8outhcrn ?crma:1y, francc,
Italy, Spain, Sweden nud Norway, 01� the shores of the C..:aspmu Sea,
in Siberia, Chinn, India, NortJ1 America and Greenland.
Properties.-Amber is a hard, brittle, tnstclcss substance, some­
times perfectly transparent, but oftener opaque or 11enrly so; it is ?f
_ _
all colors, but generally yellow or ornnge. Its specific gravity varies
from 1.06 5 to 1.070. It is sli"htly brittle and its fracture is conchoi­
dal; it takes a fine polish, be;o�es el�ctrified b friction, aud n� tl�e
y_
same time, ns also when heated, 1t e1mts a peculmr odor. Amber 1s
insoluble in water and alcohol, but the latter, when nearly water­
free extracts from it a reddish colorcd substance. It is soluble in
sulr;huric acid, causing a reddish-pprplc solution, but is reprcc!1�itat�d
on the addition of wn.tcr; it is not soluble without dccompos1t10n 11l
other acids nor in the fatty or volittilc oils; pure 11lkalies dissolve it.
Tests.-Ambcr is sometimes falsifier! with rosin or colophony, or
similar hoclics; these being soluble in alcohol, the fraud i,,rcaclily dc­
tcctccl. From copal it is disting11ishccl hy its greater specific grnvity,
by its higher melting point, by its less solubility in cn.jcput oil and by
the blue color which its powder gives to the n.lcohol fhime when pro­
jected inLo the latter (copal powder colors the flnmc yellow). Am her
becomes soft when heaLe<l to about 215° C. (41 !-'l ° F.), and at about
2D0 ° C. (554 ° F.) it melts with the prorluction of the v1ipors of su�cinic
acid, lcavino- a brownish resin, the so-called colophonhcm succini.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Ambcr is triturnted, as
ilircctcd under Class VII.
SULPHUR.
Synonyms, Sulphur Sublimatum Lotum. Flores Sulphuris.
Common Names, Brimstone. ,vnshcd Sublimed Sulphur. Flow•
crs of Sulphur.
Symbol, S.
Atomic Weight, 32.
Origin.-This element hns been known from the earliest times. It
occurs native either ns trn.nsparcnt, amhcr-colorcd crystals or in opn.quc
lrmon-ycllow masses. It is found principn.lly in Ricily, in heels of a
blue clay formation, aml similar bccls containing sulphur cxisL in othrr
parts of" F.11ropc nncl in 1\fnxir•n. It. nlRo orc•11r� in rnmhiriat,inn with
HOM<EOP.A.THIC PHARM.A.CEU'l'ICS. ,127
tlliferent metals as sulphide, as in iron-pyrites, copper-pyrites; galcnn,
cinnabar, gray antimony and rcalgnr. In co111bination with hydrogen.
as hydrogen sulphide, it occurs in many rnincntl waters nnd in the pro­
ducts of animal decomposition. It exists as nn essential constituent in
many·animal tissues and its compounds are in many vegetables, espe­
cially cruciferous and alliaceous phnts, as mustarcl nnd garlic.
Preparation.-Native sulphur is found mixed "·ith many earthy
impurities; to free it from these it is subjected to a rough process or
distillation in two rows of pots connected nt the bottom by tube:'.
The sulphur is converted into vapor by heat, passes through the tubr!'
into the second row of vessels, acting as receivers, is there condcns<·d
.to a liquid and is.run out into wooden vessels filled with wn.tcr plncl',I
beneath. The sulphur thus prepared contnins enough foreign sub­
stances to render further purification necessary. This is done hy
another distillation in cylinders of iron, in ,rhich it is convcrtecl intC1
vapor, and the var,or entering a brick chamber is there condensed as n
fine powder when the walls of the chamber· arc cold; aftcrwnrd, when
·the ,valls become hot, the sulphur condenses to a liquid, which collcctf'
on the floor, and is then ladled into moulds. The sulphur condensed
in the form of powder is known as flowers of sulphur, that which i.­
moulded being known as roll brimstone. Sulphur is also obtained
from pyrites by piling the mineral in a conical hcnp, surrounding tl11·
heap with wood and applying fire. The sulphur is set free frorn it.•
.combination and collects as a liquid in cavitirs arrnngcd in difforc111
parts of the conicnl mass; it hm; tl1c11 to be purified.
Properties.-Sulphur exists in three forms, one ordinary vari<'t_r
as it exists in nature nnd two allotropic forms.. The ordinary rnril't_,.
of sulphur is a lemon-yellow solicl made 11p of octohcdral nyst:il!',
quite brittle, having specific gravity of 2.05. Jt is readily solul,lc ii,
carbon disulphide, disulphide of chlorine, turpentine, petrolc11rn, ctc·.:
it" is slightly soluble in alcohol and ether. This is often called tll<"
octahedral variety.
The second modificntion may· be obtained by the slow cooling of
melted sulphur or hy heatiug octohcdrnl sulphur for some time, at 11
temperature of 105 ° to 115 ° C. (221 ° to 239 ° F.). Upon heating 11
quantity of sulphur and allowing it to cool until a crnst is formed.
there will be found upon breaking the crust and pouriug out the still
liquid sulphur within, an arra.ngcmcnt of transparent ycllowish-brO\rn
needles belonging to the monoclinic system. Their specific gravity
is 1.98. This va.riety is called the monoclinic variety; it is solubl<·
in carbon• dis�1lphido.
The third kind of sulphur is produced hy hcnting sulphur to 2G0 °
C. (482 ° F.) and then suddenly cooling it hy pouring it in n thi11
stream into cold water. It is thus obtained ::is ,i soft, ycllo,rish-brom1.
semi-transparent mnss, which is cnpahlc of being drawn out intn
threads possessing considerable elasticity an.cl trnacity. Its spccifi,·
�avity is 1.95. Both the latter forms of s11lphur become chnngr,I
mto the first variety slowly at ordinary t.c1111wrntures. Roll sulph111
of commerce, whrn f"rrsh, if' 11111cl<' 11p of ohliq1te prisrnatir. cr_rRtnl�, lHtl
428 HOMCEOI'ATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
11.ftcr being kept fur some Lime Lhe mnss is fouml to consist of octohe­
dra, n.lthough it gcucmlly rct11.ins the specific grn,·ity proper to the
prismatic form. When heated in the nir to 2G0 ° G. (500" F.) it
take,; fire and burns with a pale blue flame, n11<l at the Rame time pro­
duces sulphurous oxide, whose odor is k11ow11 as that of' burning sul­
phur. lic,ttcd to 4-!0 ° C. (82-! ° F.) out of contact of' air, sulphur boils
evolving a dense reddish-brown vnpor. In the state of' vapor sulphur
colllhines with 111a11y mctali;, and if slips of ' 111ctnllic foil or wire he
introduced into Lhc ,·npor of sulphur, combustion takes pince with Lhc
production of 1t sulphide of' the 111ctnl.
Flowers of sulphur do not present n. crystalline strncture, hut nrc
mndc up of round granules co111poscd of iusohrblc sulphur enclosing
the soluble variety. What is known ns 111ilk of sulphur is prnducc<l
wheu an ncid is added to a solution of an alkaline polysulphidc; this
also consists of minute grauules si111ilnr to those of sublimed sulphur;
it hns a greenish-white color.
Tests.�'3ulphur shoulcl be completely dissipated by heat; fixed
impurities arc left behind ns a residue. l\[ilk of sulphur, if precipi­
tate<! by sulphuric ncid, mixes more rerulily with mttcr than pure pre­
cipitated sulphur, and leaves on iguition a largo amount of fixed resi­
due. Sulphur obtnincd from pyrites often contains :Lrsenic, which 111:iy
be detected, if present in more than minute quantities, by digesting it
with ammonium hydrate, filtering and Lhcn nclding hydrochloric acid,
when yellow sulphide of itrscuic will be Lhrown clown. For minuLc
quantities of arsenic, J\'In.rsh's test may be used. Selenium, if prcsc11L,
111:i.y be detected by heating with nitro-muriatic acid, cliluLing with
,rat.er, filtering, nnd concentrating the filtrnLc; the latter will contn.iu
sclcnious acitl, and yields, on the addition of' sulphite of sodium, n
bright rod or nearly brown prccipiLnte of sclei1iu111. This may be re­
moved, dried nud igniLcd on platinum foil, when it will bum with n
flame similar to that of sulphur, but the odor given off is like Lhat of
decaying horse-radish.
Sulphur was first proven hy Tfahncmanu.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-1Vashcd sublimed sul­
phur is tritumte1] as clirccLerl 11ntlcr Ch�s VIL
Sulphuris Tinctura.-Onc part hy weight of wnshcd sublimed
sulphur is covered with ten parts by weight of 95 per cent. alcohol,
the mixture poured into n wcll-stopperc<l bottle, nn<l allowed lo remain
eight days, being shaken twice a dn.y. The tincture is thou poured on;
and filtered.
This preparation was considered by Jfohncmann Lo e<Jual the 1 po­
tency ( Th) .
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Clnss VI-�.
SULPHUR IODATUM.
Synonyms, Sulphuris Iodiclum. Iodurctum Sulf'uris.
Common Name, Iodide of' Sulphur.
· •• :. r T t:.1� ,...r C:: lnh11r _n,,,, ,,,,,., .. r !'11hli nw 1l
11
'HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 429
sulphur is to be iutimately mixed with four parts of iodine. The mix­
ture· is to be placed in a lla.s k, the latt.cr loosely corked and warmer! nt.
a geµtle hent upon a saud-bath until the color of Lhc mixLure has he­
come !,lniformly dnrk. The heat is to be Lhcn increased until the mix-
, ture melL.s, and the flask is Lo be i11cli11cd in various directi1J11s that Lbc
.liquid mny take up any iodine which may have condensed upon the
inner surface of the vessel. The heat is to he removed, nncl nller the
iodide has become solid by cooling, Lhe flask 'is to be broken and the
iodide. removed and broke!l inLo pieces, which should be kept iu we!!­
stoppered bottles.
Properties.-Prcpared ns directed n.hon·, iodide of sulphur is n
grayish-black, radio-crystalline mass, h:n·ing n metallic lu!'tre. IL
f
gives of iodine on exposure to Lhe nir, a)l(I co11seque11tly hns the odor
of that substance. It is insoluble iu water; boiling water decomposes
it into iodine and sulphur. Alcohol, ether, n11d solutions of potassium
hydrate nnd of potassium iodide dissolve out the iodine from the combi­
nation. It is soluble in less thau one pnrt of carbon disulphide and
in about sixty parts of glycerine.
It was proven by Dr. H. Kelsall, Mouth. Hom. Rev., 2, 155.
Preparation for Homc:eopathic Use.-Iodidc of sulphur i!'
triturntcd as directed under Class VIL
SUMBUL.
· Synonyms, Su111hul11s l\IoschaLus, Reinsch. Fcruln Sumbul.
Hook, f Jntumansi.
Nat. Ord., Umbelliferro.
Common Name, l\lusk-root.
The sumbul plnnt is founcl in Lhc elevated lnnds of Central A!<ia.
Its root had been introduced into Russia about 1835, ns a subst,itut(•
for musk, but the botanical source of Lhc drug wns not positively known
until 1869, when Fedschcnko, a Russian traveller, discovered Lhc plnnt
· itself in the northem portion of the province of Bokharn, in Turkc­
stan. The plant is perennial, grows to a height of about eight foci.
Radical lcn.vcs arc largo, Lri-pinnatc; c:wli11c loaves small, gradually
decreasing in size towards the top of the plant. The root is brought, into
commerce by way of Russia, but a root which comes via Bombay and
which is called Bombay Sumbul, is really the root of Doremn ammo­
njacum. The root is found in commerce in slices about, an inch in thil'k­
ness, und from one to two inches in clinmctC'r, although !'pccimens nrt·
occasi�mally seen mcnsuring five inches ncro;as. Externally the root i,
c_overc!d with a thiu, dark hark, nncl hoth n111111larly a11d longiturlinnll.,·
wrinkled. On section the root exhibits n, farinnccous-lookiug pnrc11-
chymn, dottccl with yellowish-brown resinous poiuts, nm! hnving a
somewhat irregular arrangement of pale brown lihro-ntsculnr bundlC'�-
Thc root has a strong musk-like odor and a bitter, aromatic tnste.
It wns first provc11 uy Lemhkc, Gcrmnny.
Preparation.-Thc dried root, coarsely powdered, is covered with
fiY<' part� h,· W<'il!ht of alcolwl, and allowed to remain eight days, i11 a
 431
-130
TICS.
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEU
decanting,
. tincture is then separated by
we ll-stoppered boU!e in 't d m+ co••• ol p 1ace, 1 J ?111g shaken twice a day. jn a dark, cool pince. The
The ti 11ct.11rc is t h. Pn. 'pour,cd 1r, ,81c1,1111ct l nrn
;; '' . 1 1 I 1 tc rcd . straining and filtering.
j).1 ug. power of t111ct11rc l1iJ Drug power of t inctu re, L
directed under Class III.
'
j)"IJ ut 1 01'.s nrnst he prepared :1s _din�cled u11dcr Class IV. Dil utions must be prepa red as

TABACUM.
um, Linn.
SYMPHORICARPUS.
Synonym Sympi
·
J on• crirpus Rac e mosus Jlfichaux · Synonym, Nicotiana Taba c
Nat. Ord., Soln .nac ero.
Nat. Ord.,' C..:aprifoliaccrc. '
Common Name, Tobiicco. America.
�o_m _m on_ N:=1me, Suow Berry. t i s probably n, native of Ccn t rnl
· This widely cultivated plan isla nd of Tn.b ngo .
. lh is is nn m d igcnous shrub from two t o th f,ee t l11gh, found grow-
rS� ope in 1586, from the
m g fr o m Cnna dri nnd t he New E ..,ngIrrn d • . rr tcs_ wcs twrrrd. Stern It was first exporte d to Eur n. It is a a al p lnn t ; root
unkno
The wild plant is nt present nt, hrnnchiug ncnr
nnu

e rect, vis cicl-p1 1hcscc

n
smiiuth; lcn.ves opposi te oval o . bi o ng, wav y-m n.rgmcd , pal e beneath,
w

short-pctio la tc · !
Flowe;·s in " 11° Ill
. terrupted 1 eafy .spik C01'0 11a large, fibrous. S tem round, ves enti re, n l tcrn a tc, sessile, dccn
r­
. . c. the top, four t o · six feet high.
Lea
inch es to n. foo t wid1'.
monopetnI 011S, smrill, rose-colored th ron.t fill ' I 1rs. rui t a ng and from six
rent, fro m one to t wo feet lo in loose, lcrmi11:il
glohous, fc(ur-cellc d, b�o-secde 1 l bc ;-ry, snow-w�� tc'�:� co/�:. F pointed. Flowe rs rosc-cnlorccl,
h

o val-lanccolate and funn el-shaped , r eg11 In 1

I_ t '' ':',;: Ill tr o duced mto our Materiri l\'Ie<lica by Dr. S. p. B urd"IC(, I e-cleft. C..:or olla
U111 tCl , ,,(a tes. panicles. Calyx 11rccoln t e, fiv
border.
Preparation.-The fresh riP b .. 1.1· 5 n.rc _gentl y crushed t o n. pulp limb, 1five-lo bed, plaited on the , an rl h as an acricl, bi tter, nausc
nu,
The who le plau t is visc id, f'ctid
a nd weigl1ed. Then two pa:·ts �y ��e!g �h t ot alcoh_ol arc taken, arnl
the pulp mixed thoroughly willI onc -s 1 x tlI par t of i t , nnd the r est of tas te.• Flowers in Jul y. .
G ermany.
· · · · • • It was first proven by Neun 111g, rr"
the alcohol added · After· 8 t in.mg tie l whole well ' an•<l pounn g i t mto atio n.- Th dried leav es of the genuine Havan a tobn ·
. Prepar of iilco hol, and allm 1 <'•
a weII -s toppered bot tle, it is allowed s hy weigh t
s tn.n lr c 1gh_ t days II� a dark, cool .cut up, are covered wit h five 1mrt. pcrecl bott le, in a rlnrk, cool p in ,·•
c

p lace. The tinc ture is then scpiua . te� bY dcca ntmg, st nuuing and /-ii- -stop
to remain eight cln.ys in n. w red of!; slrni1H·•
tcring. h e tincture is the n pou
being shaken twice a day. T
cll

Drug power of tiucturc ¼

and filtered.
Di lutio�s mus t be prepdred as <lirec tcd under Class III.
Drug power of tincture , ,\f·
directed under Class IV.
Dilutions must be prepared ns

���6rr:•13
SYMPHYTUM.
. '.
;;; : ��t����:.
Offi�iniil e, Linn. Consolidii l\fajoris.
TAMUS COMMUNIS,
Nat. Ord., Diosc oreacerc.
hinn.

.
Common Names ComfrcY· Gum PInnt. Healmg Herb. Common Name, Black Bryony o pe, Northe rn Africi. nnd WI'·
Eur
Thi� is a l '' nrrre
0 ' co;.
. .
ISC· 1 00 1{!Ilg 1wrrnnm l J)l !l11 t ' mi.,·1vc of E!.urop c This p1ant, a native of South ern Roots t ock oYni
copses and he dges.
nn1 I f•mm d growing on the b·,mI<s 'of strcn111s •111<1 in ,1'et mea t I ows � 111 1• ern Asia, is found growing in slenclcr, 1111!!
I 01_1· grn1 1 rn 1 s throughout the Mi<ldl S i°, .
• t t � ·f.·the U11 1on. S t em ha 1ry­
hn;;tly, b rn uching above two or th�ee /cc\ 11g! 1. Leaves alterna t e, d c­ liir, branched. Leaves two t o
thre
111:iny feet long

cra lly lobe d, five t o

, very
black, fles hy, subterra nean. f:item e inches long, ovnte -corcln t c, :H'lllt
scvcn-ncrvccl, 1
currcnt; lo,\er oucs ;c tiol t ' o,:nL?_- J:i.1 � ccolatc ;_ upper lunceolntc. nate, lo ng-pe tioled, obscurely ln.t ll'crs one-sixth i nch in dianwt•
d. Flo
F lownr� ycl lowish-1,.'hit� rar� � p 11 1 plish m no<lrl1 11g rn ccmc-li k e cl us- setaceous; stipules reflex arc hrm1chc•d
) l II t c the ,Jin b ·•1 fi icled on slender rncc111cs which
e

• 1·- c··1'111 panu nmles s olitn.ry or fasc few Ho,n•n

!t•rs. Corolh · t11h11h 1 Wlc I YC recurved teeth ' inch shorter , recu ved,
1 1 1c onf· 1• cc closed with five 1·me:ir-nw't ·S1 1·1pcd scn lrs • TI 1c ro ot •� · n. I inut the base; female racemes one d.
r

fi ch, blon g, r
si· x_ m• e 11cs long, abou t one. inch t hi · k '· t p, ·
ta c
.
, hra11ch 1·d . bracts minu t e. Berry on e-ha!
e
p _ � fe w. -
o
e.
n

f1tt u Flo wers appear in May and Jun

I t is mucil:iginou�, and has a swcc is 1• s igl itlY nstnngcn t t aste . is chopped and pouuclcd ton. p
rm

Preparation.-Thc fresh root

11
· Flowers in· ,June. d to p e. c; surc . T he •
new linen an<I s11bj cctc
. . enclosed in a piece of
. Pre paratwn.-Thc fresh roo t ' gn tllCJ·cd. bc fiore ,t he plant blooms, ation, mingled with un eq ual J'
r

is �hopped anti pounded t o a u)p nnc_ �1ci ghed. Then �wo pn.rts by prCS8ed juice-is t hen, by brisk agit is allowed to stnnd eight <la)"'
ture
wr 1ght of alcohol arc taken th� by weight of alcohol. This mix ool place , n.ncl then fil t ered.
l
thorou_ghly _wi t h ?nc-sixth ,c
part of it an d the res t of tl;e alc�l :�r lTtf _ rivmg stirred the a well-stoppered bottle, in a d1trk
( ct. Aflc 1 h /1. mount. of ,lr uir• power, ½.
whr,lc , pour it into a wrll-s. t n Pl'<'I.Nl !Ill wtt lP. :ind )pt if �1r1111l ,,i"lit ,h,•q · ···· 1 ·· · 1;,.,.,.f,.,I 11ndrr (:1:1�� T.
432 HOMCEOI'ATHIC l'lIARMACEUTICS.
TANACETUM VULGARE, l1inn.
Synonym, Athnnnsia.
Nat. Ord., Compositrc.
Common Name, Tnnsy.
This plant is a nativP. of Europe nncl Ucntrnl Asia. It is nat11rnl­
izcd in mnny parts of the UnitNl States, where it is found gro\\'ing in
old liclds, 011 roadsides, etc. Frnm its pcrcnninl, sto11t, many-headed
rnot arise rt cl11stcr of' stc111s two to three foct high, ohsc11rcly aug11lar,
Pfkn p11rplc nt the h:i�c. Lcnvcs nltcrnatc, nl111ost sessile, from five or
six to t1'11 inches long, pinnntcly divided; segn1cnls ohlong-lnnccolalc,
pinnatifid, iuciscly-sc1•rnte, gl:rndulnr-punctatc. Flowers yellow, in n
dense cory111h; heads many-flowered, nearly discoid, all fortilc; rny
florets tcrctc, tub11lar, three-toothed. Achcni:t obov:ttc, with a large
epigynous disk. The whole plant has a stroug, disagreeable odor, and
a bitter, aromatic tnste.
Flowers in July and August.
Preparation.-Eriual parts of the fre.'lh leaves and blossoms are
chopped aud pounded to a pulp and weighed. Then two parts by
weight of alcohol are taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth
part of it, and the rest of the alcohol added. After having stirr�d the
whole, pour it into a well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight days
in a dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decanting,
straining and filtcriug.
Amount of clrng power, ¼.
Dilutious must be prepared ns directed under Class III.
TARAXACUM.
Synonyms, Tarn:mcum Dcns-lconis, Desfontaines. Taraxncum
Officiua,lc, lViggers. Lcoutodon Taraxacu111, hinn.
Nat. Ord., Compositre.
Common Names, Dandelion. Puff Dall.
This is a pcrc1111in,I herb foull(l growing in t.hc greater portion of the
Northern Hemisphere. Root six inches long or lon«cr, one-half to 011c
inch thick, almost cylinrlrical, fow hrnnchcd below. �aves all rndicnl.
with teeth aml lobes turned backward. Scape hollow, surmounted hy
a head of yellow flowers, iuvolucre double, outer scales rcflcxcd.
Flowers all ligulatc; achcnia produced iuto a long beak. After the
flowcr-hc:1d has closed and decayed, the hollow scape rises higher, cnr­
rying n globular airy head of fruit, each nchcnium being crowned with
a white capillary pappus. The plant flowers from April to November.
It was first proven by Hahnemnnu.
Preparation.-The whole plant, with the root, gathered in April
and l\Iay, before the flower is opened, is chopped and pounded Lo a
pulp and pressed out in a piece of new linen. The expressed juice is
thcu, hy brisk agitation, mingled with an c1111al part by weight of alco­
hol. This mixture is allowed Lo stand in it well-stoppered bottle for
eight <lays, in a clm:k, cool place, and theu filtered.
-Dru!! po11·rr nf t111d11rr ..\.
HoiICEOPATHIC PHAilll[ACEUTICS.
TARENTULA CUBENSIS.
Synonym, Tar:111tula.
Class, Arachnida.
Nat. Ord., Araneidea.
Family, Lycosid::c.
Common Name, C y-bnn Spicier.
The Tarentul.a OubenYi-s, found in Cuba nnd Mexico' bclo1J1•,.
same family as the 'l'arentula l:11:�pana.
"Although apparently alike, these species differ widely in tl11
ogenetic and th?r:tpcutical cflcct.5. The Tnrnntub Hispnua i�
· ous remedy, actmg deeply nn<I powerfully on the ccrehro-spi11n I
and many cases of chorea, hysteria, etc., have been cured
precious agent."
"The Tarantula Oubensis, on the other hand, seems to be at,
remedy, acting dirc?tly on �he blood, and being iu this way :
!ogue o� crotalus, ap1s, arscn1cu111, etc. It seems to be cspecinll_,
m maghgnant ulcers and abscesses, anthrax and the like."-],',
J. Navarro's article, read before the Hom. .111ed. Soc. of N Y. Co
Med. Times, 1880.
Prep'.'3-r�ti<?n.-Dr. Navarro put the live spiders into a �I
and by 1rntatmg them cause,! them to throw off their viru�
si�es _of the j9:r, ,�·hereupon strong alcohol was poured in, a11
this tmcture dilut10ns were made according to clnss VI-/3.
TARENTULA HISPANA.
: Synonym, Lycosa. Tarantula.
Class, Arachnida.
Nat. Ord., Arancidca.
Family, Lycosid:.c.
Thi� bai�)_' spider, frequently found i11 Spain, is a. native nl
Amenca..The spcc11ncn _ _
_ used by 1\forri111s Dr. N1111cz, who fir
tuted provmgs m 186-!, were collected at Pardo, , 'pnin. [81·,
JO'Ulr_. of Hom., Feb., 1872.] No appreciable diflcrcncc seem� ,
between the -yirus of the male or that of the female spider.
Preparat10n.-Dr. Nunez triturated the live spider with �,
m.Uk"to dryness. From this further triturations were made ae,
to Class VII.
TAXUS BACCATA IAnn.
Nat. Ord., Conifer::e.
Common Names, Yew. Ground Hemlock.
?Jie yew tree is �elieved to be indigenous to Central and 8,
.As19:, and exten�ls mto the Northern part of Africa and thrn
t�e greater port10n of Europe. It is an evergreen t.rce or shn
lives to a very great age. It has li11cnr or spatulnte-lincnr
altern:itr. imhrirntrrl nro11nrl thr �-01111g hranf'hr�: fhp,· :1rr
 434 HOMCEOPATHIC PRAR
l\rACEUTICS.
435
shn pet! ovule, becoming n t HOMCE(?PATHIC PHARMA CEUTXCS.
mnturit' n cd n arl
IP.t nril_lus which is opcu �hove) e enclosed
1 Tt l Lvcs yh l c the in a scnr. many of the characters of a metal, but it bears so close a resemblance
t.1 :·�cnt�no nn cl their taste is IIII >IP11� :u1 t, t, �'. i \·
He tc1 lllH l ncn. t!.
udur of to selenium, both iu its physieal prope rties mHl its chemicnl rclatious,
Lhe firs t provings of tl�e d J
r u g we r e by Dr that it is most appropriately plaeed iu the same group 11·ith that body.
Preparation -The f 1- es . Gastie
puI p :lllrI weighed.· l1 j cnves •ire choppccl r, Frnnce. Tellurium is found in a few scarce minerals in nssot·iation with gold,
Then tnkc two-t.1 lll'( nm 1 p
to t,J >c puIp, st.1r : I s I >y weigh t of nIcounded to n silver, lead and bismuth, apparently r eplneiug sulphur, nncl is most
. · nn
· g and mixing well . . oI IO'J m ld it
!1c,r l11w11. The tincture thu s ibta'· 't1 d st ram through n piece of easily extracted from t he bismuth sulpho-tclluridc of Chcmnitz in
rn a wcll-stoppcrccl bo t tle, 1 n llmr d to stand eig Saxony. The finely powdered ore is mixed ll'ith nn equal weight of
in a :� 8 : ht days
Drng power of tincture � . doark' 0i pince, ,tud thou filtered. dry sodium carbonate, the mixture made iuto a pnstc with oil, nud
Dilnt,io11s must be prc1l•�' r heated to whiteness in a closely covered crucible. Sodium tcllurirlc
cd as . e tP.d uu
' t ]'ne and sulphide are thereby produced, and metallic bismuth is set free.
der Clnss II.
TECOMA RADICANS The fused mass is dissolved in wate r, nt11l the solution freely exposed
, .lussien. to the air, when the sodium and sulphur oxi<lizc to sodium hydrntc nil(]
nonym, 13ignunia Rndic hyposulphite, while the tellurium separates in the metallic st.ntc.
� nns Linn · Properties.-Tcllurium has the color and lustre of silver; hy
at. Ord., Bignoninc
Common Name, Trnc:-c. ' · fusion and slow cooliug it may be made to exhibit the form of r hombo­
TI mpet
. 11_·s ·is n climbing plaut, �ro Cre eper .
wi11 g� iu 11c . hedral crystals similnr to those of antimony and arsenic. It is brittle,
111 1 11 01s nnd southward hut _- Ji soil, from Pcnus and is a comparatively bad conductor of heat and electricity; it has n
hy rn.di(·al t.endrils !�a is nl so c. Ifivi�tet! far ther nort.h. ylvnnin to density of 6.26, melts nt n. little below reel hent, and volntilizcs nt n
ves �\ I t climbs
pnirs, ov:itc-·10u ·
' min'�te' t000 . • nn C<]tf lll y pmunte; leaflets four to five hl�her temperature. Tellurium burns when heated i11 the nir, nnd is
J •e d · l owe
?n111panuI ate, five-toothed . ( . ii rs 'in t.erm·mnI cory111bs; calyx oxidized by nitric acid.
irrcgti_ lnr, two to three iuc coro l d t bul' orm, five-lobed, It was first proven by D r. J. W. Metcalf, U. S.
four! tncluded. Pod six inc i1es Jon; b� . -/1�
g t s 1 .{et, very sh? wy; slightly Preparation for Homa:opathic Use.-Tellurium is t;riturnt.ed,
� stamens
crs from Jult to Septemberhes 1odg , seecl s trnusversely wmgcd. Flow- as directed under Class VII.
.
Preparatton.-'l'he fre .
°i;
and weighed. Then two sh ro t is c.1wpped and pounded to a puIp TEREBINTHINA .
nrt
pulp mixed t.horou.,hly wii s )'. ";eight of alcohol nre taken the
alcohol added. Alter hnv o
!' 1 par t_ of it, n Synonym, Oleum Terebinthime.
well-stoppered bottle ''IIH i� g �t1;�'.�f �he " hole wend th e rest of the Common Name, Oil of Turpentine.
ll, pour i t iuto
· I let 1 starn I c1g ]1t day
TI1 c t·1ncturc ·1s then scparn ·t •. • s ·•� n dnr Jc, cool place.a Origin.-Crude turpentiuc is an oleo-rcsin existing in th e resin­
tcd by clccantm .
g, strnmmg and filtering.
A!tHH!nt of drug poll'cr, L ducts of many species of Pinus, an'tl procured by mnking peculiarly
Ddut10ns must be prepar shaped excavations called "pockets," in the trunk of t h e tree. ,v1icn
' ed as ' d'nee . ted und
er Class III. crude turpentine is distilled with water, nearly the 11·holc of its oil
TELA A RANE./E. passes over, and the re is left in the still n resinous hody known ns
Colophony or rosin; the distillate is purified by repeated rcctificntion
Common Names. ' '8 PH· 1 , with water.
TI . .
i 1s is t·I ic we
b uf t.he com
,v
er s eh. Cohwch.
. Properties.-Oil of turpentine is a colorlcss, mobile liquid pos­
_fh e ,�cb of 'l'. medicinalis has mon l: ���\ p1d?r, Tegeneria domestica. sessing n. peculiar aromatic ancl rather disag reeable odor. It is soluble
'

bee n . � t oun try. The spiclc r

!nha h1 ts dark places in rh I)1. . / • etc.;in�_it �is (mnrn or in ten or twelve parts of 90 per cent. alcohol and is insoluble in water.
Illeolor. The ll'eb found rcllin Its specific· gravity is from 0.860 to 0.8!l. It boils nt 180° C. (856° F.).
!S
in ce! T�;.s �' � bl n ckish
po�sP�s greater meclicinnl wus?" is bel
powers tl.inn tIrnt of the fielieve d by many to Pure turpentine oil is a mixture of several hydrocarbons having the
P_reparation,-Thc rece d spider. �eral formula C 10 H 10 . It mixes in all proportions wit,h absolute
as cl1 rcc te d under Class VI n tly spun web, free from dus t, is tri turated alcohol, ether and carbon disulp hide. It dissolves iodine, sulphur,
I.
phosphorus, and many organic substances insoluble in water, such
TELLURIUM. as fixed oils, resins, etc.; upon exposure to the air, turpentine ab­
Symbol, Te. sorbs oxygen, becomes thicker, nnd nt last resinous. From the gradunl
At?f:!ic Weight, 64. o�datio;n, carbonic, acetic n11rl formic ncids nrc proclnccd, nnd nt the
Origin and Preparatio an.me time a part of the absorbed oxygen is convertcrl iuto ozone; hence,
..
n of Tellurium -TI1 18 oil of turpentine after prolonged exposure to the air, always contains
· c I emcnt possesses
'"-,.,,,,11 nnrl ,17nn<' i11 <·nlnfinn. tn,,<'fl1<'1' \\'ifli fill 11xidntinn f'nmpnund.
 43G HOMCEOPATHIU PITARllIACEUTICS. HOMCEOPATITIC PHARMACEUTICS.

nn'.I Canada, gr< •

'hlorin <>? b_romi!1e and po�l'flcr c _cl iocline net upon it with grcnt vio­ This plant is in<ligcno11s to the U11itr.1l 8t:1tes S Jro1 11 011c to II\•
lence; 1 11 tr1_c ncal ntt:�cks 11. rnpully, and if the a cid be conccnl.rnted along moist river-hanks and
in n1cad ow�. Stl'III
I.he turpeul.11 1e takes fire. ' erect, hollow, _nn�•
high 80111ewhat. br:mchi 1w ahove, r:ither slc11dcr, pl1111t., :rnd 111n,
'.I'ests -Pui_-e turpenl.inc oil, when shnkcn with 011e-twenticl.h of its furr�we<l ' smooth ns is c�•cry other part of t.hc
_-
lcallet� O\·nl-l:1 1 w,
wCJght of cnuslIC n 111111�11 ia, should not become either viscid or gelatin­ with fow J c:w cs. Lc:1v1·s one lo two t1•mnlc _; .
. Ihe u111\i1·l
ous. � la)'.er of the oil, about one millimeter in thicknc�, i n n flat lower leave s nr c long- pet 1olalc
cut serrate. The the u111hcllcts . h:i
J l_orc la n di sh shuuld he complct?ly cvnp?rntcd at the hcnt uf about two inches hroad, of l<'n to liflcc11 rays, llow, appear 111
� '. the
wate1-h,1 th. \\ h cu �dult�ratc d with benzm . c, the spe cif-ic grnvity is . Flow ers nume rous, or:1� 1 gc-ye ·
1 inch brond , dc11sc
le�sened :md the spcc11 u cn 1s not completely soluble iu twelve volumes Fruit oval, brown, with stron g and sl 1
� �1 ·1 ribs. .
U nited States.
of 90 per C?1�t. nlcoh?l. ('-11 oil which has become thick by keeping
. , The drug was first proven by Dr. E. E. l\farcy, pouncled to :i
rnrn be pur�ltctl by d1still111g 200 parts of ii. with 1,000 or 1 ' 200 of Preparation.-Thc fresh plnnt is chopped an d
water to 11:l11ch has been nddccl one or caustic lime. \ coho\ nre nl 1 ·
and weighed. Then two . parts h�· weight or � nncl ,c _1t_ rst,� :
It wns firs� proved by Dr. E. Seidel, Ocrm:rny. 11ghly w1l. !1 onc s1xt. h part of 1t, y
pulp mixed 1.horo : _
, p n111 it mto • 1
��epa:at1_on for__Ho _m�opath i_ c U_se.-Onc part by weight of alcohol n.ddcd. Arter hnv111g stirred the who\? 1 a dnrk, cool
p111 1 fied ml of turpeutmc 1s dissolved 111 nmety-uinc parts by weight of 1_1
stoppered bottle :ul\l let, it. stand eight,_ days, . g nnd fillr11__ 1
nleohol. The tin cture is thc1 1 separnlc<l by dccu1 1l.11 1g, str:u11m
A!no1! n t of drug power, Th Amount of drug power,!.
· . UL
D1h1l.w11 s must be prepared as directed under Class Vl-(i. Dilutions must be prepared as cl1rcctc1l uuder Class
TEUCRIUM. THEA CHINENSIS.
Synonyms, Tcucrium Marum Lin n Marum Verum. Ilerba Synonym, Camellia Then, Link.
Cyriaci. M:ujorana Syrinca. ' Nat. Ord. , Cnmmcllin ecoo.
Nat. Ord., Labintm. Common Name, Ten. nncl Enstrr11
,�o_mmon _ N_ all?-es, Syrian Herb Mnstich. Cnt Thyme. The tca-plnnt is a shrub indigenous to South�rn.
l! 11 s plar�t 1s 111 d1genous to Southern Europe a nd Africa, but is ofl:en It is cultiv ated large ly in Chi11n , Jnpnn and Iud111 �_,raves lanl'·
;!1lt1vatcd III more n?rthc rn countrici;, growing about one foot high. n ted, at the b 1" shnrp -s1 11uatc, _ be"
or obov aic, generally poi : ?
v c, p alei h<
lhc shrubby stem 1s hard, thin, ere ct, fine-torncn tose an d much towar ds the point , green and sh1111 ! -1g ah �
serrate s 111 lcn gth _ n11,
l�ranchcd. Len.yes smnll, vivid green above, dow ny beneath, ovnl, They vary in size, but n.v c ragc two to th ree mch � _
en ­
es. Flo"c1,
tire, OJ! ,1011� pct10les. Flowers red, smnll, in one-sided terminal rn one-half to one inch broad; they are on short pet10l
0

cc-
1•��- 71 c flowers have taste :rn<l odor_ si111iln:r to c amphor n nd vn.lcri:u .
i, solitary or in axillary clusters of two or three covered \\'Ith . . ' . ''<'
"Inch ,li'.e lust by careless tren.tment 111 drymg. Flowers in June nn Preparati on.-i'ekor-tca is powclcr�d :1-ud . '.
d a wcl l-stopp� 1cd
July. by weight of alcohol. Hnviug pot�rcd 1t rnto _pla ce, hc1!1 M ,
lt wns firl't_ prove , by pr. Stapf, Gcrmnn y. it is allowed to rem ain eight clays 111 a dark,_ cool 1c1l :111d hlt.r,
Preparat1on.-;-?lhc f rrsh pla nt, g1tl.hcrcd shortly hcforc the plant twice a d ity. The tinctu re is then poure d ofl, strn11
1•011)es 11 11'.1 h)oo1!1, 1s ch r pcd and
po11n�c!l t� n. pulp and pressed out. in Amount of dr11g power, 1'l!·
n piece of 11ew _ lmcn. ?Iho , express
ed .1u1cc 1s the n , hy brisk ngitn.tion, Dilutions must be prepared ns dire cted under
Clnss IV.
rnmglccl ,nth nn �<pm! part hy weight of al cohol. This mixture is
allowed to stnnd CJght days in a well-stoppered bottle in a dark cool
pince n nd then filtered. ' THEII;-l.
D!·ug _ powe r of tincture, ½. Synonyms, Theina. Theinc. .
. n crystnlhnc H'.il
Dilutions must be prepared ns directed under Class I. Origin.-Oudry discovered, in 1827, 111 tea
t and l\luldc 1
whi ch he named lhe i n , nncl in 18�8 both ,Jobsp crccntng of . '
n. The ? /
THASPIUM AUREUM, Nuttall. this substan ce to be id cnl.ical with <Xt:U"ci
lc vria. l:it<>n "'
ten varies with the quali ty and originr of the J I �111111 lnyn rcg'.u , 1
Synonyms, Zizin. Au ron, !Coch. 8rnyrnium Anrcum, Linn. Siua tained from n. sample of tea coming f' um the ms _
from 2_ .2 to·
_
Trifolint,111 11. Bison Aurcus. per cent. Acco rding to J'cligot, hyso n tea conta
of theme.
Nat. Ord., Umbellifcrm. cen t., n.n d �unp01�der tea f1:om 2;2 �� 4.1 per cent.
Common Names, Golden Alrxnndrr�. Mr:11lnw 'Pnrrnip. 'li''nr th• l•t"/\l\l't'f1',� C:.('I(' n1'11'•1( ( :,'1c'ltl11111.
>
 438 ROMCEOPATTIIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Preparation.-,vh<'r<' it is clcsirrd 111 ohtni11 the nlknloi1l from ten
lt•1wcs t,ho folloll'i11g si111plc procci<s is oflh·cd: The finely powdered tea
lc:1vcs arc heated for :i i�II' minutes with three ti111cs their q111111t.it.y of
�hlorofor111, and the hcp11d when cold is filtered nfl: The chloroform
1s then removed by distillation, the residue well washed with hot water
and. _filtered ( t.hc filt1:at.c on cvapo1:at.io1� leaves a crystalline mai<s of
caf�<•rnc_ ( l.l �r111c); or rt._ may he oht11111cd 111 la rger proportion hy rnace-
1':(I mg III lour parts of water, one part. of the finely powdered leaYcs
w1t_h one of i<lakecl l_imc; the water is to be evaporated nml the dried
rc1<ul11c extracted with chloroform. The ehlorofo rrn is thc11 to he dis­
tilled on; the rei<iduc treated with boiling water and the whole thrown
upon _a 111oiste11c<l filtcr. The filtrate all.er being partly evaporated is
_ Common Names, Arbor Vitm. Tree of Life. White Cedar.
set aside to cryst.all1ze.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Thcin is trit.uratcd as
directed under Class VII.
THERIDION CURASSAVICUM, Walk.
Synonym, Ar:1nyn.
Class, Arachnida.
Order, Ar:1111:idca.
�O!fl�On �'fames, Ill:�ck Spider of Curai;on. Orange Spider.
1h!s spHler 1s abon� the s11.c of n. cherry�st?ne, nnd is found on orange
trees 111 the \Vc.�t. Ind1cs. ,vhe� young, 1t 1s velvety-black in n.ppear­
aucc, mar�ed wrt.h antero-poster1or lines composed of white dots. At
the postenor pnrt of the body there nre three orange-red spots ' while
upon the belly there is 11. lar�e, square, yellow spot.
It was pro�en by Dr. Hermg.
Preparatlon.-The live spider is crushed nnrl covered with five
part s by :reight of alcohol. H�vi11g pou1:cd it into a well-stoppererl
. through a piece of new linen, and allow the mixture to stnnd eigh;
�ot.tlc, it is _ �llowcrl to r�m1t11� eight �nys 111 n dark, cool place, being
f'haken
_ twice 11. clay. 'Ihe tmcturc 1s thou poured off, strained and
filtered.
Amouut of drug power, ..-1rr -
Dilutions must. be prepared ns directed under Class IV.
THLASPI BURSA PASTORIS, Unn.
Synonym, Capsclla Bursa Pnstoris ' llfcench.
Nat. Ord., Crucifor[e.
Common Name, Hhcphcrcl's Purse.
This c_ o11}n1011 plant is n 1111t.ive of Europe, but is now found widely
�prcad 111 f1clcls, p�st11n•s and on roadside.'> in this country. Stem six
mehes t_ o a foot !ngh, nearly smooth above, hairy below, striate and
branchmg. R:1d1cal leav � t.wo to eight inches long, incised. Stem
lcav1•R 1<11'.:tll?r, nri rr'.nr, a11nclccl at has?, Rcmi-clasping. Flowers very
small! 11:I11tc 111 tern1111al corymbs. Fruit an obcordatc trangulnr silicle
contam11!g 111a11 _v hrown !'<'<'d�. Flnw<'ri< from /\ pr il 111 S"fll"'"'"',.
Prrn:1r,,t ;,....,.. 'l'l ,.
HOMCEOPA.'.l'IIIC PJIARMACEUTJCS. 43'
and pounded to n. pulp nnd weighed. Then tnkc two-thirds hy weigh
of alcohol, add it to the pulp, stirring and mixing well together, an
strain through a. piece of new linen. The tincture thus obtained i
allowed to stand eight days in a well-stoppered bottle, in n dark, co,
place, and then filtered.
Drug power of tiucturc, ½.
Dilutious must be prepared as directed under Class II.
THUJA.
Synonyms, Thujn Occidcntalis, Linn. Ccclrus Lycea.
Nat. Ord., Coniform.
This indigenous evergreen tree �rows wild in the Northern Stat,
and Cana<la, and is also cultivated for ornament in our gardens. It i
a brnnchy tree from its root, sometimes rising thirty foet in height
the branches arc flat, comprc.c;scd nnd imbricntc<l; lciwcs short, cv<•1
green, overliipping like tiles, with obtuse ,;cales, disposed in four rank,
flowers mostly monrecious on different branches, in very small termi11:1
ovoid catkins. Stnmens with a scale-like filament or conneeLiYe, bear
ing four anther-cells. Fertile catkins of few imbricnterl scales, fix(••
by the bnsc, each bcnring two erect ovules, dry and sprcnding :1
maturity. Cotyledons two. Scales of the cones poinLle.c;s; seeds hroadl_,
winged nil round. The flowers appear in Mny and June, nud nre of:
brownish-yellow eolor. The leaves when rubbed between the hand
give off a pungent aromatic resinous o<lor.
It was first proven by Ilahncmann.
Preparation.-The fresh leaves, gathered when the plant is ju�
flowering, nre chopped and pounded to a pulp nnd weighed. Thc1
take two-thirds by weight of' alcohol, mix it with the pulp, strni1
days in a ,1·ell-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool pince and then filter.
Drug power of tincture, 1-
Dilutions must be prepnrerl as directed under Class II.
THYMUS.
Synonym, Thymus Serpyllum, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Labiatm.
Common Name, ,vild Thyme.
This perennin.l little plant is very common in France and Germany.
and grows on sunny hills, pasture-groundR, along roads and ditehc�
Root ligneous, branchy; stems, some erect, others creeping, dom1y.
thin, ligneous, quadrangular; leaves oblong-oval, glabrous or liniry, t111
short peduncles, blunt or rounded, dn.rk i:{reen on the upper s11rfoc1·.
paler and spotted on the lower, veinc<l. Flowers purplish, in cnpitnt<·
verticils at the end of the stems; ralyx ovnte, two-lipped, thirteen
l\(11'1'1.. 1 1,'I;,.,. ; .. f 1 .. , f 1,,.,, .. ,. j 1 ... ........ ,. ,;,. f 1, .... f ,.,d L •.. , .. ..... 1:.
 440 ROMillOPATT-TfC PITA RMA
CF.UTICS.
HOMCEOPATFIIC PHARMACEUTICS.
1<hn 1t, slig h tly two-lipped; th!'
at the apex; the l ower three-d upper lip 1<trni�ht :rnrl t hiek, notc h ed of which n single smelting fu rnnce in t h e Hartz producc1l ns 11 >
<'fl. Sti1 1 111•11s fo 11 r,1<tmigl i t nnd
11,rnn lly <'X�ertcd. distnnt., eighty pounds, wits formerly believed to Ito 111et:tllic titnni11111.
Preparation.-The fres h plan researches of \Vllhlcr, however, ha\·e shown it to be n. cnmbiu:,
to a p1 1lp and weigh ed. The t, in flower, is ehopped and
n add two-t h irds by weig h t of po1111d!'d titanium cynniclc wit h titanium nitride. "\Vhen lhcse crystnl� :11
mix with p u lp, strain t h rough alcohol, dered, mixed with potassi u m hydrate aud fused, ammonia i;: , ..
mixture to stnncl eig h t dnys i11 n piece of' new linen, :111d nllow t h e and/otnssium titanatc is forn1cd. l\lctnllic titani u m in n fi11
n well-stoppered bottle, inn dar
pine<', :111d then fi I Lcr. k, cool vidc state may be obtained by heating titani u m :111LI pot11�siu111
JJl'llg power of tincture, t ide with potassium. This element is remarkable for its nfli1 1
Uilutions must be prepared ns nitrogen; when hen.ted iu the air, it si1nultancou sly absorbs ,
tlircctcd unclcr Clnss II.
and nitrogen.
TILIA. Preparation for Hornreopathic Use.-Mctallic titanium i
rated ns directed under Class V ll.
Synonym, Tilin E11roprcn, Li
nn.
Nat. Ord., Tiliacc:e.
Common Name, Lime or Lin TRADESCANTIA DIURETICA, Jlfarlitts.
T h is is a h andsome tree, indigend<'n Tree. Synonym, Tradescantia. Comrnelinn.
in h eight, b u t gcncmlly not o u s to Europe, sometimes 120
abo ve h nlf that size.
feet Nat. Ord., Commclyncro. (Lilinccro).
broadly hear t-shaped or nearly Leaves stalked, Common Narne, opidcrwort.
p ointed, se rrate on th e edge, gln. orbicular, oficu obli<]11 e, nrnl always This herbaceous plant is pi·ctty common in Brazil. Ils rnmn
brous above and mor
11 nderncnt h , especial
ly in t h e angles of t h e principa e or less downy cylindricnl stems arc erect or a little inclined; t h e lcaYes :He nit,
h anging amongst the l YCins. l'cdu nclcs sheathed, somcwhnt lnnccolate, nncl for111iug nt the cxtrc1nity
leaves, bor
lung, narrow, lcnf-likc bract. tlcrecl or winged hnll' way up by th e branches, tufls, "·hence arise long pediccls, each of w h ich enrri,
grccn. Nut woody, glolrnlnr, Flowers sweet-scented, pale w h itis h ­ four to six flowers; pcrinnth douhie, thr<'c-lenved, the outer 1111,
becoming one-celled nud one
sccded. or t.wo­ ing sharp, herbaceous divisions, nnd the inne r one being petnloi
It was first pr oven by Dr. ,J. blue-colored. Stamens six; a free tri-loculnr ovary, surn1011 nte,
Preparation.-Th c fresh 0. l\fiiller nnrl Dr. Frll hlich , A11stri11.. simple style.
pn11 1uled ton pu lp nnd weigheblosso111 R, freed fr om the pcd111 1clc, nre Introduced into our "tlfoteria l\lcdicn by Dr. l\lmc, Brazil.
d. Then two parts hy weight
hol arc taken, the pu lp mixed of alco­ Preparation.-Thc fresh leaves, gathered nt time of fluweri1
nm! t h e rest of t h e alcohol ncldt h orough ly with one-sixt h part of it, chopped and pounded to a pulp nnd weighed. Then two p:11
po u r it into a well-stoppered cd. Aller hnviug st.incd the w h ole,
bot weigl,it of alcohol are lnkcn, the pulp mixed \rith one-sixt h part
dark, cool pince. The tincture tle, mid let it stand eight days in a and the rest of the alcohol added. Afte r h n\·ing stirred t h r
ing- and filtering. is t h en separated by dcc:rntiug,
strain­ pour it iuto t� wcll-stopperc1l bottle, and l<'t it stand eig h t tla_,
Drug power of tinctu re, L dark, cool pince. The tincture is t h en separated by decanting, �
Dilutions m u st be prepared ns ing and filtering.
directed under Clnss III.
Drug power of tinct u re, i.
TITANIUM. Dilutions must be prepared as directed u nder Class III.
Symbol, Ti.
Atomic Weight, 50. TRIFOLIUM.
Origin and Preparation Synonym, Trifoli11111 I'rntensc, Linn.
rn r!'r n1<'fnll', nu<l is never fo u of Titanium.-Th i:i is one of th e Nat. Ord., Leguminosrc.
p or l.:u1t titanium minerals a rc nd in the n1ctn.llic state. T h e most im­ Common Name, Red Clover.
dilforcnt fo rms of titanic oxide,rutilc, urookite, nnd anfll.ase, which arc This is a biennial plnnt, common through out th e United !-,:
ow; iron, consisting of ferrous and the several vnrictirs of titauifcr­ Stems ascending, thinly hirsute; leaflets ovnl or oho\·ntc, oflcn 11"
tita
erally mixed with fcnic or forr nntc, sometimes a.lone, hut more gen­ at the end and with :i pale spot 11.bovc; stip11lcs broad, britillc-poi
slag adhering to th e bottom of oso-fcnic oxid11. Oecnsinnally in t h e heads ovate, sc.<:Silc.
d11('cd, small, brilliaut cop cr-colblast-fimrnccs in w hich i ron ore is rc­ It was first proven hy Dr. T. C. Duncan, U. R.
�la�s, and in the highest degr p orcd cube!', h nrd enough tn �<·ra
<'c infu�ihl". :irr f;,1111,I •1·1 : ' tr h PrPP�r:1ti11n rr1,,. ,.,.,,.•1, 1,1 .......-,.,i1 ..· '"'" n1111n,1.,,1 I•\ H .. ,.1
442 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
mixed thor?ughly ,�ith onc-sixth pnrl; of it., nncl the rest of the nlcohol
_ Dilutions must be prepared 11s directed under Clnss III.
added. AfLcr .lmv111g s�1rrcd the whole, pour it into a wcll-stoppcrccl
_
!>ottlc, and let 1t stand c1gh� <lays 111 a durk, cool place. The tiucturc
1s then scpnrn.tc<l by deeantmg, straining aud filtering.
Drug power of tincture, ¾-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IIJ.
TRIFOLIUM ARVENSE, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Legumino�:-c.
Common Names, llahbit Foot. Stone Clover.
Thi8 �pccies is It native of Europe and Central Asin and hns been
i�1troduced _into f\-mcrica, ,�here it _is found growing' in old fields.
_
Stems :ire from five to ten_ inches l11gh, silky nnd branching; leaflets
obl �nc�ol:ttc; heads bcc01n111g very soft-downy and grayish, oblong or
_ sccdccl, bony nutlet.5.
cylmdncal ; calyx-teeth silky-plumosc, longer thnn the whitish corolla;
root :111n11al.
P:eparation.-�rhc fresh plnnt, gathered in ,July and freed from
nil ligneous stalks, 1s �hopped and pounded to a pulp and ,rnighed.
Then two parts by weight of alcoho I nrc taken, the pulp mixed thor­
oughly with one-sixth part of it, and .
. the rest of the alcohol added.
After hn,ving � tirred t�e whole �veil, pour it into a well-stoppered
!>nttle, and let at stand eight days JU a dark, cool place. The tincture
1s then separated by decauting, straining and filtering.
Amount of drug power, ¼-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
TRILLIUM.
Synonyms, Trillium Pendulum, Aiton nml J.fohlenberg. Trillium
Album.
Nat. Ord., Smilaccrc.
Common Name, ·white Beth-Root.
This is an indigenous plant, common in the Middle nnd Western
States, growing in rich soils, in dn.mp, rocky nu<l shn.dy woods. Root
oblong, tuberous, from which arises n, slender stem from ten to fiftccu
incl1es in height.. Lcnves three, whorled :it the t�p of the stern, sub­
_
orh1eular rho111bo1d11l, ahrupt;ly nc11111iamtc, f'rom three to five inches in
dia111ctcr, on petioles about n line in length. Flowers white, solitary,
_
�crmmal, cern11011s, on a recurved peduncle, from one to two and it half
111chcs Ion �. Sepals green, oblong-lrmccolatc, ac11111inntc, an iuch loug.
Petals wlut �, oblong-ovate, ncutc, one nnd a quarter inches in length,
hy half an mch broad. Styles three, erect, with curved stigma.
Pre�aration.-The fresh root is chopped ancl pounded to a pulp
nncl. wc1g!1cd. Then two parts by weight of nlcohol 11re tnken, nnd
havmg max� d the pulp thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, the rest of
the alcohol 1s nddcd. After hnving stirred the whole, pour it into a
well-s�oppere� bottle, and let it stand eight days in a dnrk, cool place.
The t111rt11rc as then �ernrntrd hY de,·rintinrr. �tr:iinin!! :rnd filtPrin!!.
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Drug power of tincture, ½-
TRIOSTEUM PERFOLIATUM, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Caprifoliacmc.
Common Names, Fcvcr-\Vort. Horse Gentian.
This perennial hcrh is indigenous, found in rich woodlnncls.
stems arc from two to four foet high,softly hniry; lcn.ves oYnl, abnq
narrowed below, downy beneath. Flowers sessile, in clusters, baw
ish-purplc, nppenring in .Tune. Calyx five-parted; segments li11,
lanccolatc, leaf�likc, persistent. Corolla tubular, gibbous at the Ii:
suh-cqually fivc-lohed, scnrccly longer than the !'nlyx; stamens I
Ovary mostly threc-ccllcd, in fruit forming a rather dry drupe, orn1
colorcd, half 1111 inch long, containing three, angled and ribbed, ,
It was proven by Dr. W. ·williamson, U.S.
Preparation.-Thc fresh root is chopped and poundccl to n 1
and weighed. Then two parts hy weight of alcohol nre takc11,
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, 11nd the rest or
alcohol ncldcd. After having stirred the whole, pour it into n "
stoppered bottle, nnd let it stand eight days in a dark, cool place.
tincture is then separated by decanting, straining an<l filtering.
Amount of drug power, ¼·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
TROMBIDIUM MUSCJE DOMESTICJE.
, Synonyms, Trombi<lium Holoscriceum. Leptus Auctumunli�
Class, Ai·nchnida.
Order, Acn.ridca. . •
A minute bright red acarus, fouml under the wmgs ot the con,
house-fly in Philadclphin, the provings of which were made by]),
P. Harvey. . .
Preparation .-The entire ncnrus 1s crushed and coverccl w1t.h 1
parts by ,�·eight of' nleohol. . H 11;ving po111:ccl it into n wcll-stop1
bottle, 1t as allowed to remmn eight dn.ys 111 n. dark, cool _place, I,
shaken twice r� day. The tincture is then poured ofT; stramcd 1111<
tercel.
Amount of ,lrng power, rh··
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Cl11ss VI-f,.
TUSSILAGO PETASITES, JJinn.
Synonym, Pctnsitcs Vulgaris, Desf
Nat. Ord., Compositro.
Common Names, Butter-Bur. Pestilence ,vort.
This plant is a nntive of Europe. Leaves, the small ones or,
 444 HOMillOPATHIC rHARMACEUTICS.
numerous, oblong or linr.ar, rntirc arnl crcrt; thr. rndiC'nl ones nppcnr­
i11g much lntr.r th:111 the flower st1•111s, :lllg11l:tr and toothed, covernd
underneath will1 a loose, white, cottony wool, of which there is a little
also on the upper side. FIO\rnring stems not in tufts, ns in-the co11t­
mo11 Coll�fool, often n foot high whcu foll grown, with many flower­
heads of' a dull pi11kish-purple, in a, narrow, oblong, terrni11n.l p:mich·,
and alrnost dimcious. The rnnle plnnt hns a, looser paniclc of smalln
head�, the florets either nil tubular n11d mnle (the pistil, although
nppnre11tly perfect, hn.ying no ovule nud forming 110 seed), or ,rit,h a
foll' filiform fo111nlc ones on the out.5i<lc; the female pn11icle more com­
JHtcl., t.he hC'ads larger, the florclll a,ll filifonn, or with n few tubul1Lr
m:t le ones in the centre.
lt w:iil proven by Dr.Kilchcnmcister, Germany.
Preparation.-Thc fresh pla11t is chopped and pounclecl to a pulp
and wcighctl. Then two parts by weight of alcohol arc taken, the
pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, am! the rest of the
alcohol added. After having stirred the whole, pour it into a well­
stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight cla,ys iu ii dark cool place.
The ti11ct11rc is then separated by decanting, straining nnd filtering.
Amount of drug power, ii.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
UPAS TIEUTE.
Synonym, Strychnos Tieute, Leschcnault.
Nat. Ord., Loganincc:.-c.
Common Name, Upas Tree.
Upci.q is a term used in the Mn.lay tongue for nrrow poison. In the
Cclcb0s and Romeo the wonl ipo is employee! with the same mean­
ing. Commonly, however, the tcrlll "Upns" is nppliccl to two spc<---rfli
arrow poisons use<! in the East Indir!-1, vi;,;., U ,a.1 Anliar, nnd U as
Radja or Upa.s Tienle. Upns Antiar is prepared 7 p
from the milky
jnicc of Antiaris toxicnria, the poison tree of l\facassar.
Upas Radjn, or Upas Ticnte, also called Upns TjcUik, mHI far in the
interior of Indi:i Snng-.qig (dagger-poison), is· prepared from the
younger roots :11111 the bark of the older roots of 8trychnos Ticnt6, a
climbing woody phu1t growing in Javn. The part.'l nalllcd are boiled
for an hour with the addition of various non-essential ingrcrlients
as
garlic, pepper, etc. The substance so ohtainc1l is cvapornted to
a
viscid mass. It is brownish-black in the frC'sh state, but when clry rc­
�c111hles '.ipiurn in appcarnnce. Its taste is hitter, it is in great part
solu blc 111 nlcohol, and its poisonous constituents ure, according
to
Pelletier nnd Caventou, strychnin nnd brucia.
It was first proven by Dr.Pitct, France.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-One part by weight of
upas ticut6 is dissolve<! in fifty parts weight of alcohol.
Amonnt of drug power, Tb ll ·
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class VI-(i.
BOMillOP ATilIC PHARMACEUTICS. 445
u·RANIUM NITRICUM.
Proper Name, Unrnyl Nitratr. .. .
Synonyms, Urnnic Nitrate. Urm�u N1trns.
Common Name, Nitrate of Uranium.
Formula, (U 2O 2) (NO 3)2, 6H 2 O.
Molecular Weight, 504. . . . . .
Origin.-Urnniuni is a rare metal; its pm!c!pnl ore consists '.,1
impure uranoso-uranic oxide (pitchblende) cont:11111ng sulJ!hur, urscni _ �
]end u·on and several other metals. It occurs 111 other mmeral fo1111.
ns c�rbonate, sulphate, etc. The nitrate )s used _ in medicine_. .
Preparation.-Ebelm:urn_'s mcth �d IS to cl!gest p�ilvcn_zcd p1tcli
blcndc with hydrochloric acid to dissolve . ox!l!cs of calcmm, 111'.1/!
,wHium, manganese 1m<l other metals; the rcsHluc 1s t_o be \\'ashed, dn,·•�
:uul then roasted with charc<ml. The cooled mass 1s lo be exhnuslt·••
with strong hydrochloric acid to remove_ iron: copper and lend ns co1_n
plctcly a,s possible; again the \\'ash�d residue 1s to_ be r�a,sted nod di,
solved in nitric acid. The solution thus obtnme<) 1s to be cva1•
orated to dryness and again treated with water wluch leaves ar�<'11
nte of iron undissolved; the filtra.Le is to he treated with hydr_ogcn su I
phi de and evnporntcd until crystal)ii.a!.ion begins;. the rcsultm� c_r�·,
t:ils nre to be purifi�d by rec!·ystn.l_lizat10n. � perfc?tly put.� u1 nni 11 1 1
_ _c I •
nitrnte may be obtamcd by chssol�n!g t hc or�lmary 1�1t1_ nt_e, _ pi ep.11
_ _ : :
directed above, in water aud prcc1p1Latmg with oxalic acid , th� 1 c. u I
rng oxalate of uranium is to he \\'ashed, dried aJ11! hcntc�l t? f�ill n· •
,
ncss, when urnnous oxide remains i;s the sole rca1duc. Ilns 1s to ; •
dissolved in nitric acid and crystallized out. . .
Properties.-Urnni11111 nitrate f�rn1s t!·imctr1c pnsms ,�·h1ch ._:1 1
yellow in color when vicwccl hy direct light ; when �he lt�ht !j'./
oblir1uely to the observer the cry stnls ha�c n gi_ccn 111101 csccncc.
_
crystals deliquesce superficially Ill the :11r; when hC'ntc<l they nirlt _ >
their water of crystallization, and if more strongly heated give_ 11
their nitric acid and become converted into urauic and finally 1111
11 rnnnso-urnnic oxide. They arc snluhle in water, alcohol nnd clltt
The snlt is decomposed under the i11flta·11cc of ligl1t, hence the crrt:,
_
13 hould be kept in bottles securely protected thcreirom.
It was proven by E. S.Blake, M. �-, En�lit1Hl;
Preparation for Homceopath1c Use.-Ihe , pure nitrnte '
urnnium is trituratcd ns directed under Class VIL
UR TICA.
Synonyms, Urtica Urens, Linn. Urtica Minorn.
Nat. Ord., Urticncc::e.
. .
Common Names Common Nettle. Dwarf St111g111g N ett 1 e..
The small or dwarf nettle is wirlcly rlistributcd in North Amerr,
although but sparingly in the northern portion. J� is foun? nl�o
both Europe and Asia. It is an nnnnnl, stem a foot to i:,. foot and
half high covcre<l with venomous stinging hairs, nntl bnwchmg. Lea'.
opposite, petioln.tc, stipulate, from 011c to two inches long, broad-ell,
 HO
'1.46
IC
HO:MO<EPATHIC PH ARM ACEUTICS . M<E OP ATH l' H A R MA CE ICUT S .
4 4
7

h us
tic or ovnte , t hree- Ycinc d , deepl nc ute -scrrnte .
y
Fl o wers green , in t a ll ,· n t lcn, g i h nn nul nt e - r nc k cd, gl au c ous; a ot h�cia nl m ost i n_1 1 11_n r
t i c t p ­
d roopin g a x i l li nr y clu i <tcrs , i n l rnirR . gin n e , rnd at c ; d is k p a_lc. I h ns _ n. nu mb er �>f for ms ?r v nnc 1 es ,
t
d a .,pvo a r a, jlo th ricla,
i z
Th e st,inging po we r o f' 11ett cs i s duC' , n cc o r di n g t o 1-> nl_: ul i n ,_t o ac! v .
l t t r v. b.� tng o sa, v.t ru big eneU .a,bv. b l1 1 r ta,H v. p li cat 111�d v .
:11111 11oni um c n rho11:1t c cont aine d in glnnd 3 benC 'a lh then · cp ule r r rns .
d
ry g a e
i
e ng a s o e rm e d
l
a r a ta , o m ff . au a d Li c h
e en
WhC'n th e lw rh i s dist i lled with wntc t he dist i llat e cout n in s formic
r
b arbatw1 , Li1t i11 1.
H(' id (Gur up- Bc1 <anez) . P r epa ra o n . - Thc fr e sh liche n f i n el y chop ped , is c ov e r ed w i th
t i
I wn s f r;; t, proven h y D . , r J o l m Re d n 1 an Co xe' , .Tr. , U . R _. fi v e pa rt s by tw eig ht, o f' dilut e a lcoh o l ,_ the_wh olc po u�· e d into n we l
Pr eparation. -Th c e nti r e fresh pl a n t , g athe red whc 111 fl o w e r , .1s s t o pp er ed b ot le, an d nll o w d to
c da r cT ni n 111 eigh n dnrk, cooff: ,
l ;
11
c e
in R l kc i w i
c a . he t in c t u tr e dnyi s s t h111e o u r e d
chopped :111< 1 • 0 11 1 11lcd to n p u lp n 1 1 ,_rnighctl . Thr11 t, , )·o p a rts _ y pi n , b y n p o
: tr a i n C' d n n dg f lte ren d . c
r rn
! d
Wl'i � h t o f' :tl co 1 0 1 ar c l nkr11 t h e p u l\ 1 1 11 1xC 'd t h o ro u g hly _wit h � 11 e- i ;1x h
, t i
h r i i
p ar t . o f it , nm l t h C' res t o f th e itlc oh o added . A ftc1 : l 11 w 111g s�1 r r cd t he DDi luu gtio po wC'r o f bt ne l'l.r le l r C',r T1d f •ns di r e t ed u de r Cl ss I .
w h ole po u r i t, i n t o a we ll-sto ppe red b ottl e , nm le t 1 t i-tn n d eig h t d ys n s m u s t p p n c n n
l c V
in a d a r k , coo pi nce . 'l'ho tinc t u re is t,hc11 sepn ntted l,y dccn1 1t ,1_a11g ,
l M A ID IS , Co r d .
strn i n ing n n d fi ltering . UST IL AGO
a
f
Drug p owe r o tinct.u rc , i.
D i l ution s mus t be pr ep a red a s directed unde r Cl�s III . Nat . O rd ., Fungi.
C o m m on Na m e s , 1 \fni z e Sm ut. · C o rn Sm ut.
i
URT ICA D IO ICA, Linn . Th s is a fu ngus found g rowi ng on the Indi n n co rn, Z e a m� ys.
t
I i.s o ftenk as la rg , som e t i m es la r ge r than nn orn ng c . It !s o v e red.
e

rn c
Nat. O rd ., Urticncc..-c. w i t h a clnr g y or b ro w 11 e pider mis, whi h b urst s wh_cn rrpe: The
a c
Common Name, Gren t, or La rge Nettle . r
i:; p or tc s n c sphe r ic a l , minute , thei r su rf c e c ov e redl w t h c h mula tc
i e u
This nettle is l ike the p rece d i ng as to its o r igin nnd d is t r ibu tio n, ex ­ w n r .is l ike p r hic kles;e th ey a r c dccp - s e n t cd , n ea rly b a ck a n d p lv e ru ­
cep t hat it is mo re abundant in No rth Ame rica than _U. u r:ns: B t �m cl n i, h av i ng L < ' app a r a n ce of soo t, u n der th n
n k e d e e.
t It ns i n i o d u d i io i \ T t r i 1 \ [ cli
e h Dy · w H.
two to four feet, high, obt, m:;c ly fou r -a11glcd, brn n c h 1 11g, h1s pu w i th w r c
c n o u r a c n e c a
y
r. . B u r t
,
l
s t i 1 1ging hn i rs. Lmwcs o p p osite, s t i pu lntc 011 p�ti olcs. L ca vci< c� r ­ u. 8 .r i
datc, lance-ovate, coa rsely sc r rntc, tw o t? three rnchcs l ot)g , _c o11 s p1_c ­ P e pa ra t on . - T h c fre sh ,ju st rip e fun g us , il s po wd ered n !1 d ?OY­
cr e
d
uous ly po i n ted. Flowe rs smn l l, g recmsh, gc ne rn l ly c ltrec1011 s, m w i t h f iv e />n rl s by w eigh t o f n l co hol, a u d nl owe cl to r�mn m eight
brnnehing pan iclcd spikes. d n ys i n a w c l -s t c p p c r C' d b o ttl e, i n a da rk, c o ol _pi nc e , b c1f !i 1g e
l r shd a k n
P reparat ion. - Thc fres h he rb, g nihC ' rc cl w he n c o 1 1 1 .1 1 1g .mt o f lowe r, . r s t he n p o r e d o f l� s t rn c d n n d te e .
Lw i c c a tl n. y Th e t, i n rtu c i u
i� c h o pped 1111d p o 1 111 dc rl t, o n pu lp a n d _weig he d.
f The n l,� rn p i t r ts _ by A 11 1 0 1 i 111 1 , of' d r n g power , ,'<r ·
weig ht o alc o ho n rc lakc n, ihc pulp 1 1 1 1xcd thorough ly � nth ?11c - s 1xt h Dil
Tr i uiu trn o t iso 111ns 11o st, hth
n e pr e ar ed ns cl irc c tr d u nde r C ln_ss IV.
f l e r i p e fu ng u s a r c p r ep n r c d n s di r e c te d u
p
part, o i t, and t he rC!,t of t,hc nlco hol a d ded. After _ hnv mg s� 1r rc d t he e C lnss
r
VII . f n d r
w h ol ', pou it i 1 1t n a we l l-sto ppe red bottl e, and lei 1t surn d eig ht, <(ays
e

in n dark, cool p i nce. T he t i nctu re is t hen sepa rate d by decnnt 1 11g

�tra i n i ng and f i lt er i 1 1g. , U VA URSI .
f
Drng power o' t,inctu r c, A-
Syn ny m A c to s U Sp r . Ar b u u s U •
D il utions must, be p r epa red as d1. rcctc d under C lass III.
t n hy lo
- u r s,
s i n
p g e l
s
o , v e i
r a Y a
iir si, Li nn.
U S N EA BAR BATA , Fries. N at. O rd ., Eri c a c e m.
C oi m m o n N a me , lkn rher ry . . .
N at . O rd . , Li chc ncs. Th s is a sm all eve r gr ee n sh rnh, p ro c um hc n tn hnb 1 t, fo und g r ow­
U. bcirbata is n very com mon lich en fou nd grow i ng in pcncl u lo t!s i ng in Eu r ope, North Am er ica nnd No rthe t
rn tAi:;in,. in fac over t he
gre a e r po rt o!1 of �h e N orthern Hem isph ere. I \)refers d ry,t sn ndy '.· o
t i
11 rnMes on the bn rk of trees, in la rge' forests. The gen us Usn ea 1s
r
ch n rncteri zcd ns fol l o ws ; apo t,h ecia su b- term i n al , ro u nd ed , pcl tn tc ; tl_1c ev e n r o c y s1t uat1 o u s. St em mu ch b ranc h ed ; c nvc s nlm o� t s ess le,
k
b e o o i .
o pen d i sk pl aced u pon the fi lamen to us, rnc�u l l ary s t r:tl1 1 1 1 1 , the n111 � ·g1 1 1 o ov a t , aibo ut n u i nch t l ng , nnd i
f rom on e -q ua rt er t t hr c c- c1 ght.h s of
gene ral l y rad i a tc- ci l in tc. Thn l l us car ti l ng mco us, a t fi rst cr ?ct, su l l rn c­ a n i n cl h ,;, dc, e nti r e , wi h m a rg n s i<o111cwhnt rell c e d ._ ·_ Th e l eave s n r e
x
ticu l osc, becom i ng more or l cl's f i lamen tous or pend u lo us w i th ngc, _t.he ls le igh t y ppu abes
l r
c e nt whei n yol un g, afl cl nrnrd db sm o oth, sh
F lm mgrs unb ove, n nd
mcd11 l l a rr l ayer somew hat �cpn r a t cd from the c rusta ccous cor t 1 cn l
the
,
ry
e an d
m n u t e y r e i
c u n t e e ea t h
. o w e r ce o l at e ,
a t n
st ra tu m . · Tl1C' !' J)C'Cics U. bar bat<i hns n n i r rr g u l n r l y h rn n c h e t l , t r r e t c
 HOMCEOPAT.HIC PilARMACEUTICS.
44.8
HOMCEOPATi
nc PRARMACEU
whitish, in sl10 Trcs.
1'L
with five lln t n /.1en d('nt 1·nc('n11•s. Fn1it Common Name, Small Pox Virus.
l•'lo w('n; in Mut ct.s, cnch 0110 s eeded. n drupe, hrigh
t red in color, Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-The content.'! of n 1
ny. BIJ?ll.ll pox pustule nrc triturnte<l, ns directed under Class VIII.
'l'h(• drug was
Preparati fir st proven hy l fnl1
ne 111
11nd po un ded on.-'l'he fresh l eaves, ga ann . VERATRUM ALBUM, JJi.nn.
to a pulp nnd the
nf "/co/w/, ,,,J w eighe d. Th red in autumn, nre chopp Synonyms, Ellebornru Album. Ilclleborus Albus.
pieco of new d ;, to t/,o pn Ip, , t;,. "'"' m en take two-thirds by weig er! Nat. Ord., Lilincc::c.
<'ight, days i11 lin en. The tincture thus ;, well, ""d ,t,•,;., thco"gf, ht Common Names, White Ilcllehorc. Eurol!cnn H ell e bore.
a well-stoppe
lilt ered. red bottle, iu o btained is nll owed to stnu n
11. dark, cool This is a. perennial,. herbaceous plnnt, growing III moist grnssy sp,
Drug power o pluce, and thend
f ti n ct ur e, t in the mountninous portions of middle Europe, and exlcncling cnstw:1
Dilutious rnust through Asiatic Russia. Stem from two to four feet hi�h; le:11
be prepared ns
directed under alternate, brontl-oval or elliptical, nenrly six inches long, entire, she:11
VACCININ Clnss II.
UM. ing at base, strongly veined nnd plnitcd. Flowers in large racemo
Common N panicles; perinnth, of six petaloid segments, united at the bnse, ycl lo
Preparationames, Vn ceine Virus. B 1sh-white within, green without. Fruit n three-lobed capsule, m:11
matter, taken for Homreop ovine Virus. seeded. The root is usctl in medicine; the rootstock is cylindrie:,
athic
rected under fresh from a healthy you Use.-The genuine vncc fleshy, about an inch in diameter with sLouLish long rootlets; in 1 I
Clns.s VIII. ng l1eifer, is ine fresh state it has a, garlicky odor.
triturated ns
di­ In commerce the root is found cylindrical or sub-conical in shn]'•
VALERIAN dull earthy black in color, nnd roughened in surface below hy 1 I
A OFFICI
NALIS, Unn scars left by old root.'!. Its top is crowned hy lenJ�lnu;es. On trn11
S ynonym , .
Phu Germnnic verse section of the root is seen n bron<l white ring, within which i�
Nat. Ord., V um.
Common N al('1•iar1acere. pale buff centre. Its taste is bitter and acrid, followed by 11. sensnlio,
V. nf/fo;,u,/4 ;,ame, Great Wild Valeria of numbness and tingling. lt.'3 powder nets ns :L violent sternutatory.
found growing '" he,·b,,. n. It was first proven by Hnhnemnnn.
in almost tir ,,., porn««;,1 pln«t of l< Preparation.-The dried root, co11.1-sely powrlcrerl, is covered wil I
Asin, fronr the e whole of' Eu m,dsom, "'J
plains :md up Urin1('11, to 1'fa11churia nn rope north of Spain, 11.n ><>ct, five part.s by weight of 11.lcohol and nllowctl to remain eight dnys in :
d
nhove the SPa-llnnds, and hns been foun d northward. It grows in well-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool pince, b eing shaken twice n dny
;,,g to ;� ,; '" evcl. In the wild state thd nt an elevation of 1200 on The tincture is then poured on; strninetl nnd filtered.
"
ho tnn ists. lt tfo«, " m«oy ,s ,; ht •ru•e plant varies gre atly necofeet Drug power of tincture, --h•
some extent inis cultivuted in Gern1 g ; et;e, h,vh,g bee rd­ Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
nny, « «otlced
high, erect, ro the United Stntes. 'l'lrc Englan d nn d Uollnnd, 1111 by
d
large, lanceolnteund, fi,,,.owed, branching stem is fro m two to four to VERATRUM VIRIDE, Aiton.
;«g peU«les, el , 011 lengthened p etioles. at the top. Radical leav feet
t iuged with rHpu.,.,, whh deep aen·,t;o Stem lea ves on short, she es •Synonym, Helonias Viridis.
celled, one-see ose-color, in crowded, co n ,. Flow,,.,, smnll, w b;t ath­ Nat:Ord., Liliacere.
ded capsule. mpoun d cym ,
The '°'' ;, cs. Fruit 11. o o, Common Names, American Hellebore. Swamp Hellebore.
,•h;,.on,o o, < « sod ;,. «« xHdoe. It ;, nc­ Recent writers cousider this plant ns merely n. variety of the prccecl-
le� nnd n feMok "' tho Htt!o flnge,·, "' ;, eomme,ee " on op,
"' i!i_g. Flilckiger and Hanbury say, that the green colored variety,
w ho,•;,.,,,,., g; ;g
somewhat tercb b,·,«ehe.,. 1'h,;,,g o/f mony sleode,· >o ht Veratrum Lobelianum found in Alpine mountain meadows, is indistin­
in thi unt e nnd cnmph o •· oot ot­ guishable from Veratrum viride, Ait. Regel describes (Tenla111c11
nromntic. ornccous, and hos a pee"l;n, odo,·, Flmre UsBUr, St. Petcrsburg, 1861, 158, quoted by_ F. and II.), four
It was first pr it.s t nste is bitter an
ove d varieties of Veratrmn album occurring in th� Amoor region in Sihcrin
Preparation. n by Rahnemanu. :and identified one with Veratrwn viride. Grny considers Veratnim
fi 1·e parts by - T he dried root
w , coa
well-stoppered eight o f alcohol, nncl nilorse ly p ow dered, is covCJ•cci wit lviride "much too near Vcrntrnm 1dhurn of' Europe." Rims. 1808.
The tinctnn• is b ott le, in a da we d to 1· en1n in h quot.ed by F. nnd TT. �n ys t.h:it. f h,• """'""� nf' 1 • .,,, .. ,.
then poured rk, cool pince, hcin� shakeeight clays in n
• I' '

Drng JHJ1rc 1· oft o n; str-ained :111d n1, .. n twi('P a ,,.,,.

Dil uti ons nw�t. I iin ctur(', ,\r.
,, , ...,..
,.,.,1
 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 4G
TICS.
450 HOMCEOPATillC PHARMACEU
·,VERBENA HASTATA, Linn.
ly ahnut cla\f,
pctaIs b.1oa<let·• n1 1<l tllorc . erect ' the nmrgins, espccinl Nat. Ord., Vcrbcnace::e.
.
covc :·ed with _a wh1Lrtc;11tn�t�; is a coarse plant f'uund growing in Common Names, lilue Vcrvain. Purvnin. \Vild Hyss op.
The Amcncan w 11 c ic cs lnrgc, This plant is indigenous to this country, where it is found \'cry f'n
, t.<>lll '·U1:11\a Lo Ucor ,i:t. Lc:w
rc

ll'ct meado ws :ttl(I swnmr5 ,f thi w ?tt the hn!'c . Htc1�1 quently on low and waste grounds. It is tall, from four to six Ii·,
;.a . �\t"
\;le shcn
nParly n fool, long nnd nl \Hllll·
1
. high; leaves lanccolatc or ohlong-lanccola.te, acuminntc, inciscly-�•·
t
1 tiiJh Flol l"<; 8 in pyrn 111id
,;tri:tlc, pulws1·c11�, two to m_1 s iil� •-lik c rncc 1 11l'S. 1 11 Clllllllll'n·c rate, on petioles, the lower often lobed :llld sumcti111cs hnslate at 11
clc�, n�n.dc 11\_> of_ dc1;sc i .�P[c:-i:-�;:"'tl rnnl!i :itt:ichc,l, the latter \wing base; spikes slender, erect, densely floll'crcd, panicled or corymbl'•
1
• ;�
(,he rlm:0111c_ is l011 1_11, ' uc< .�11 g out !'lcml<'r lihrons Flowers from tfuly to, 'eptembcr.
1:de hro ll'll lll cnlo1 , .llld tO\\:uds th,C'ir C'nds g,i\·in ·t<H'k !i ·•ire <111nrlerccl · Prepara tion .-The fresh plant, in lloll'cr, is chopped and pournl,·
1 dry mg tl,c ·1,<1t� , ,
rontlets. I''or conv�,n , i· cncc . m S\'ll ·
' dc11rivcd of' its root· �,
. to a pulp and weighed . Then two part!! by weight of' :-ilcohol :11
1
· . t ·11'1 t<> · 111,,r· l·ct
lengt.1w ·
I rnr. TI ',c rhiz:ome 1s, :tlso :thn ut nn ·1 1 1c1 I 111 taken, the pulp mixed thornughly with one-sixth pnrt of it, nm! I I,
I < t.1·· 'l. TI c slices nrc·
cut into t,r:1 1 1s�c rsc slt.ccs n t H< t shrn : kcn hy dry ing and in color rest of the alcohol added. After lmving stil-rcd the whole, pour 1
,lilH-�
t.hc average d m mctc 1 ,. cur·lc l into a well-stoppered bottle, am\ let it stand eight dnys in a dark, !'O•
1

whitish, hull' �,r bro1�:;1s\ !r:tthcrc,1 in autumn, is choppc<I_ and place. The tincture is then separated by decanting, straining an
P rep aration .- ic .rcsh root' di\�1_tc
-fhcn Lll'O pnrts by \\'eight of filtering.
pounded to n pulp nnd \ICi l1cd . · -�ix th mrt of tt, Amount of ch;ug power, f
. l tl ro1whly with one
nlcohol arc tnl�cn, tlic 1r1\Pg .
d'tr
d
. l� · i�nv
and the rest of the _ n co , o a le\ let it stnnd cight days in :t �ln_rk,
m ing stir red the II' /wlc, pour Dilution s nrnst be prepared ns directed under Clnss III.

int o n wcll-stoppc 1 �1l bottl�•. nn ·atcd by dccantin" o-, stram111g

lten scp1u, VERBENA OFFICINALIS, Linn.
cooI pI ncC. 'l'hc t,mcture 1s t
an<l filtcri11g. Synonym, Verbena Maris.
. .i
Amol!nt of drug p owci , that Na t. Ord., Vcrbenace::c.
t be p p ".' 1 s
nrec c ·tc<l under Clnss III, except
r.,
Dilutions n1�1s che d. Common Names, Vervain. Vcrbcnn. \Vhite Vervai n .
u � an<l 4x nre rea
rc
t\ IC
dilute nlcohol is to be use<l untt�l This plant grows in Germany and the south of Europe, in snntl
places, al ong ronds, hedges, an<l ou heaps of rubbish. Stem is en·,
VERBASCUM. from one to three feet high, loosely brn n chcd; lcnvcs pinnatifid ,
. Thnpsus B:ubntus. three-cleft, oblong-lanceolatc, sessile, smooth above, the l obes cut. 111
Synonyms, Vc rh:-iscu1�1 Thapsus, J.tinn toothed; spikes pnniclcd, very slender; hrncts >'mnll, much short•
Nat . Ord. Sc rophulnnncc::c. ncl Plant.. . than the very small purplish ilowcrs. Flowers appear all s1m1 1 11cr.
on 'Names Mullein. Blalt:nia. Fbn h cr: 1 t11 tzc,�,
.
Preparati o n.-Thc fresh herh, in flower, is chopped nml po111 1d,
Enr opr, hn t has
�i:;innt is :t naLivc of { '.\ ; : , � � i1i� to a pulp and weighed. Thrn acid t.11·0-thirds hy weight of' alcohol, ,1
mc
,
very lre'l u :nt: y in , f'I'.., s,
North A111cric:t, where it is found
t i ous h 11
whole ,Plant is dct)scl� ,'. e\ � ,. t, ,1;:.i, 1:�)�I��
m

feet high, stout, s1111_1'. c ,u:g.es

:t�:11�\��t'.'• i;::���,
.' ,' Lo five
of the
I� pro­
well, and strain through :1, piece of new linen. The tincture thus"
tained is allowed to stan<l eight d ays in a well-stoppered bottle in
dark, cool place, and then filtered.
t' ( '��;l�;v very rarel y whit e) in
oblong acutc lc:wc1' l0\1 c spik e; l ower starnc1 1s usu:tlly
Amount of drug p ower, {.
c ;�b-J lm11c ,l'
longed and vc1 y c en sc Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class II.
crlcd.
bc:trdlcs s; pod glohulnr, many-sc
It w·1s first proven by Hnh ncm ann.
cr�rl \I' Iicn ,comm · g �· n to _ bl· oom VERBENA URTIC.lEFOLIA, Linn.
P r e.pa ra tion.-The fresh pla11t, gnth fhc n t\\O p,11t� I JY'
all(l weighed.
is chopped aml p oundee1 to a ulp Nat. Ord., Verbenncem.
weight of alcohol are ta { e � l , l P Ip 'f
ixed thor oughly with one-sixth
t I I led Afte1: hnving stirred the
m Commo n Na me, Nettle-Leave<] or \Vhite Vcrvnin.
part of it, m�d _the rest of t ie n c� t clays This pla�t is found gr owing in old fields and roadsides in 1\1:cxi<·
�vI1ole ' pour 1t mto a we ll -st ppci if br�t�le•'··rnd let it �t:i.ml eigh
el .1uccant'ug West Indies and in other portions of America. The stems arc rath,
o
e is then scpa rnlct 1 1 JY ·t •
Ill 11, dar Ic, cooI p1 ace. 'flle · tin ctur tall, sub-pubescent; leaves ovate or 0\'1ttc-lnnceolatc, ncutc, conr,1·
strainin g and filterin g. serrate, petiolate; spikes very slender, at length much clongntcd, wi1
Amount of drug power, ! . the flowers separate, loosely paniclcd , very smnll, 11·hite.
cted un der Class III
Diluti on s must be prepared ns dire Prepa rati o n. -The fresh plant., in flower, is chopped and pound,
to n pulp nnrl wrirrherl. Thrn hrn-1 hirdf- ll\· weight of :tlc1thnl :1
 HOMCEOPATHIC P.HARMACIW'rICS.
452 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
at . the apex, cym�s pcd unculate. Fruit spherical, pleasnutly aei,
whole is pre?5cd out i!1 a
taken, mixe<l well with the pu1p, and the d to stand eig ht days m a
bnght red, resc_mblmg t he common crnnberry in fbvor, the stone vrr
e
piece of new linen. This tincture is allownn<l then filtered. flat, near[y orbicular; leaf-buds enclosed in ouc or two pnirs of scnl<'
well-stoppered bottle, in ,L dark, cool place It grows m low grounds, along streams; common in the Allcgh11nies :•
Amount of drug power, ½. . . r Class
, II. for Sout h ns the borders of Mnryland.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed unde Pr��aratio�;-The fresh bark of Ll )c root.is pounded to a fine p11l
a�d II c1g hcd. l h�n . Lll'o parts hy ll'C1ght ut alcohol arc taken, :111
VERONICA BECCABUNGA. afte r L horo11�hly m1xmg t!ie pulp with one-sixth pnrt of it, the rest,,
the alco h ol 1s addrd. Alter !rnving ;;Lirred the whole, pour it i nlo
Synonym, Vcrouica Americana, Schwcinilz.
Nat. Ord., 8croph11larincc:u. ��cll-s�oppcrC(_I hoLtlc, and let 11, stand eight days in a d11rk, cool pin,·•
Ilic tmct.urc 1s Ll�c•! scparnLcd by dccnnting, siraining and filtering.
Common Name, llrooklime. D!·11gyowcr of i111ci11rr; ¼-
ing near springs 1111<1
This plmit is found in Europe and Asin,, grow below, erect nbove, Dil11l1ons 11111st be prepare,] 11s d irected und er Cl11ss III.
in runnino- waters. Stem sllloot h , dcc11m he11t
twelve to �ig htcen inches
long. Leaves <?pposite, on short petioles,
a half long nn: l
oval, serrate, obtuse; t hey arc about nn mch a _ nd VIBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM, Li.nn.
axilla ry racemes. Fnnt
smooth. Flowers pale blue, veined , in loose Nat. Ord., Caprif'o!iacerc.
le, two-c elled, few- eeded . .
a romHlish-turgid capsu s .
�o_m�on Names, Blnck Hnw. Plum-leaved Viburnum.
Preparation.-The fresh plant, gnthc red w hen 111 blo�>m, 1s choi:rccl
l
d two-th11:ds hy weig h t Ih1s 1� a_ sl11:ub or small ire?, in h �ight from ten to twenty fr<'
and pounded to a pulp �n� weighe,I.. '.'hcn 11cl nncl strnm throug h it found _ gum mg 111 woods and tl11ckcts from New York soulhll'ard 1
of nlcohol to the pulp, st1rrm g an d m1xm g well,
obtai n is allow ed to st1111cl Georgia a_nd wcsiwnn l to the ]\[issif'sippi. Leaves opposi te, from t"
piece of new linen. The tincture th\1s
ed
, a dark, cool place, and t hen to t_ hree rnc hes long mid nca rl _ t hnlf ns wide, on slightly margirn
eight days in a well-stopp ered bottle 111
pci1oles; they arc smooth, shmmg nboYc, oval or roundish-oboYnl•
filtered. sharply srrrnlatc. Flo11·crs white, in terminal, nearly sessile lari.:
Drug power of tincture,_ �- . cymr�;_corolla rolntc, five-pnrted. Frnit 1111 o,·al bluish-black'bern
Class II.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under contnmmg a �rnoot h , flattened put.amen. The berry is sweet and entabf,
�reparat1on.-Thc frc.�h rip? fruit is pounded to a pulp a11
VESPA CRABRO. "_?1g h cd. T hen I II'� pn rt s l !y weight of nlcohol nrc tnken, 1hc p11 I
Class, Insccta. nuxcd thoroug h ly �l'lth one-sixth part of it, nnd the rest of the nleoh,
Order, Hymenoptera. added. After _ha\'lng st_irred the whole, pour it into a well-stoppcn
Family, Vcspariro. �ottlc, and let 11, :-:(all(\ c1g h_t dny s in 11 dark, cool place. The tinclm
Common Name, ,vasp. 1s then sepnrntcd by dccnnt1ng, straining and filtering.
The comtllon wasp of Europe. . Drug power of t.inl't.11rc, L
nftc: hem&
Preparation.-Live wnsps are put _ into a b�ttle, and_ Dilutions must, be prcpnrcd ns directed under Class III.
t h eir �ve1ght ot
aggrnvnled hy shaking, arc covered with fiv? t11;1cs
allowed to rcm111 1 1 eig h t dn.ys, 111 n dn.rk,
struno- alcoh ol, anu the whole VINCA MINOR, J,inn.
is theu poured ofl:
cool place, being shaken twice a clay. The tincture
strninc d an d filtere d . Synonym, Vinca Pcrvinca.
Amount of tlrng p'owcr, T ll'-
1 Nat. Ord., Apocynacccc.
IV.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Cl11ss Common Name, Lesser Periwinkle.
This evergreen is a native of Europe, and is found in shnded woo,
u�cl stony slopc.5 or hedges,. and is also frequently r��red in gardens J;
VIBURNUM OPULUS, J_,i,nn. 01_nament. I t h.1s_ a crcepmg root-stock, long, tra1l111 g, barren shoot
_
Synonyms, Viburnum Edule. Viburnum Oxycoccus. with short, erect, flowe nng stems nbout six inches hig h . Leaves n,
Nat. Ord., Caprifolinee::c. . Snowhnll.
narro�-ovatc or . oblong, _evergreen, sh ining, nnd pcrfoctly glabro11
Common Names, High Cranberry. Sheep'sr Berry five to ten feet
opposite and entire. Ped1cels shorter than the leaves. Coroll a sma I
This sh ru b hns n early smooth, upright stems f om wedge-sh aped or bl_ue, the tube bront�, 11,lmost bcll-slmpcd, with a flat spreading liml
d ly
high; leaves three to five-veine d , thrcc-lobecl, brorr ed, mostly crcnnlc- with five. broad obhqt�e segments twisted in I.he bud; stamens fiv,
truncate at the base, the divnricate lobes point
. ,: .. : .. i1 : ... , ., . ,,1:,n i l�
,,,,1; .. 1,, .. h,,,,1.;11, .. 1,,·1\
rnnln:-:nd m I hr I II lw. ft. di llr·r:-: fmn, Vinca mnfor in it s smaller f:i 7,
' •I 1 • " .: 1, ..
454 HOMCEOPA'l'HW l'HARMACEU'l'ICS. HOMCEOPA'l'HIC PHAlUlACEU'l'ICS. 455

more trailing hnbit, narrower lenvcs, which arc perfectly glabrous, and It was first proven by Hahnemann.
shorter aud broader segments to the calyx, without any hairs on their Preparation.-Thc fresh plants, gathered when in flower (those
c<lges. The flowers appear iu April an<l May. bearing yellow and blue flowers arc preferable), are chopped and
It was introduced into our Materin Medicn by Dr. Rosenberg, Ger- pounded to a pulp aud wcighc<l. Thcu two parts by weight of alcohol
11muy. are ta�en, the pulp mixed thoroughly_ with _one-sixth part of it, nod the
Preparation.-Thc fresh plant, gathered nt the beginning of flow­ rest of the alcohol added. After havmg stirred the whole, pour it into
ering, is chopped anti puuntle<l tu a pulp nn<l weighed. Then add two• a well-stopper?d bottl?, nn<l let it stand eight clays in a dark, cool
thirds by weight u!' alcohol to the pulp, stir anti mix well together, pince. The trncturc 1s lhcn separated by decanting, straining and
and strain through a piece of new linen. The tincture thus obtnined :filtering.
is allowed to stnnd �ight days in a well-stoppered bottle, in a durk, Drug power of tincture, L
cool place, and then hltercd. Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
Drug power of tincture, �-
Dilutions must be prepared as dircctc<l under Class II. VIPERA REDI.
Class, Reptilia.
VIOLA ODORATA, Linn.
Order, Ophidia.
Synonyms, Viola Imbcris. Viola Suavis. Family, Vipcridm.
Nat. Ord., Viuhtccrc. Common Name, Italian Viper.
Common Name, Sweet-scented Violet. Short provings of the virus of this reptile are given in Jahr's Symp­
This delightfully scentc<l plant is fournl growing in Europe and tomen Codex.
Northern Asia, but hns become naturn.lizcd to some extent in the Preparation.-Thc fresh poison is triturated as directed under
United States. It is characterized by its long filiform, trailing rnm1ers. Class VIII.
Leaves qordatc, crcnatc, nearly smooth. Flowers small, fragrnnt, tlark­
blue, solitary, on a recurved angular pedicel. Petals five, irregular, VIPERA TORVA.
the broadest spurred at the base, la.tcml ones having a hairy line.
The flowers nppenr in April and May. Class, Reptilia.
1t was first proven hy I Inhncmnnn. Order, Ophiclin.
Preparation.-Thc fresh plant, gathered when in flower, is chopped Family, Viperidm.
an(l pounded tu a pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight of Common Name, German Viper.
alcohol arc taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth part of it, Short provings uf the virus of this reptile are given in Jnhr's Symp­
and t�e _rest of the alcohol added. After having stirred the whole, tomcn Codex.
p<>ur it mto a well-stoppered bot.tic and let it st:ind eight days in a Preparation.-Thc fresh poison is triturated as directed under
dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decanting' >�rain- Class VIII.
iug and filtering.
Drng power of tinclurc, k. VISCUM ALBUM, Linn.
Diluliuns musl be prepared as directed under Class III.
Synonym, Viscum Flavcsccns.
Nat. Ord., Lornnthacc:u.
VIOLA TRICOLOR, J.li,nn. Common Name, MiHt.lctoc.
Synonyms, Viola Triuitatis. Jncen. This is a shrubby C\'crgrccn, parasitic plant, found growing upon the
Nat. Ord., Violacc:c. oak, elm, apple :i.ncl other fruit trees, by whose juices they are sus­
Common Names, Pansy. Heart's Ensc. taiued through the medium of �implc roots which pierce the bark nllll
The pansy is a well known Hower, much cultivated in all civilized the sap-vessels. The plant is iudjgcnous tu Europe, and is somewhnt
<'<Hrntrics. It is indigenous to Europe and Northern Asia. Stem an­ celchratcd in English song anrl story. It is yellow-green, branched
!(11lar, erect or nsccnrling, diffusely branched. Leaves oblong-ovo.te, and jointer!, and reaches a length of ucarly two feet, forming a pendent
luwcr ones ovatc-conlatc, deeply crcnatc; the stipules nearly as l:imc bush. Leaves opposite, thick, without sti pules, obtuse, narrow, oblong
as the leaves :rnd lyrntc-pinualifid. Flowers on long pccluncles, ...�c or oval, entire. Flowers gcncrnlly dirocious, in spikes or clusters.
fivc-partcrl, Yariable in size. Petals, the two upper purple, lat,---ql Fruit, rt hcrry white, nearly transparent, with a viscid pulp, imbedded
nnr� white, lowr.r m1e �lrialrd. nil l'f•llmv :ii lh<' ha�(•. in whi<'h i� n �inglc �rpc].
456 HOMCEOPATIIIC PHARMACEUTICS.
Preparation.-Equnl pnrls of the fresh berries nnd lenves nre
chopped and lo1111<lcd to 1i mlp ancl weighed. Then two pnrts hy
\
weight of alco/10I arc takcu, t 1c pulp mixed thoroughly with one-sixth
part of it, and the rest of' the nlcohol added. After having stirred the
whole, pour it ':ii to a well-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight clays
in n dark, cool place. The tincture is then separated by decanting;
strnining and filtering.
Drug power of tincture, It-
Dilutions must be prepared as directed untlrr Class III.
VITIS VINIFERA, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Vitner:u.
Common Name, Common Grape Vinr.
The co11111wn grnpe vine is a native of Central A sin, but has hecome
naturnlizc1I in nearly all temperate climates. Lcnves cordate, sinuatrly
five-lohed, glahrous or tomcntose; flowers all perfect. By culti\'ation
it !,purl.'! into endlc.'>.'! varieties, which differ in the form, cnlor, size nncl
flavor of the fruit mid in respect to the hnrdincss of constitution. rn
New England its cultivation is chiefly confined to the garden ns a
dessert fruit; but there nrc exteusive vineyards iu the .Middle and
,v c.5tcrn States for the production of wine. The vine is propagated
by cuttings. Varietic.<i without end may be raised from the seed, which
will bear fruit the fourth or fifih year. A vincynrd, it is saicl, will
continue to produce fruit for two hundred ycnrs.
Preparation.-The fresh leaves are chopped and pounded to n pulp
and prc.5Sccl out in a piece of' new linen. The exprc.."Sed juice is then,
by brisk agitation, minglecl with an equal part by weight of n.lcohol.
The mixture is nllowed to stand eight days in a dark, cool place, in
a wcll-stoppcrctl bottle and then filtered.
AnHHmt of drug power, �.
Dilutious must be prepnrcd as directed under Class I.
VULPIS FEL.
From Cnnis V11lpcs.
Class, J\lamm:dia.
Order, Cnrnivora.
Family, Cnnina.
Common Name, Fox-gall.
Preparation.-Thc fresh gall is trituratecl ns directed under
Class IX.
VULPIS HEPAR.
From Cnnis Vulpes.
Class, J\fornmalm.
Order, Carnivora.
Family, C:rninn.
Common Name, Fox-liver.
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 457
Preparation.-The carefully dried liver is triturated as dircctecl
under Class VII.
VULPIS PULMO.
Synonym, Pulmo Vulpis. From Canis Vulpes.
Class, Mnmmnlin.
Order, Cnmivorn.
Family, Cnnina.
Common Name, Fox-lungs.
Preparation.-Thc cnrcf'ully dried lungs are triturated ns directed
under Cl:i!'s V 11.
WYETHIA HELENIOIDES, Nuttall.
Synonyms, Alargonin IIclcnioides, De Candolle. J\[clarhiza Inn­
lnidcs, Kellogg.
Nat. Ord., Composit:u.
8ofl.-torne11lo!'c, or hccoming with age nearly glabrous, a foot or two
high; leaves oblong or ovate; rnclicnl ones a foot or more_ long. fou_r tn
six inches wide; ca11linc about half' the size, nil contracted at bnse mt11
:t short petiole; heads mo. tly leafy nt hnse; outer scales of the inrnl­
ucre ovale-lanrcolntc or ovat.c, somclimc.<i toothed; nchcnia more or le�:-:
pubescent at top when young. This perennial inhabits hillsides; com­
mon near Ran Francisco and through the valley of' the Sacramento.
Preparation.-The fresh root is chopped and pournlcd to a pulp
and weighed. Then two parts by weight of alcohol nre t.aken, th<'
pulp mixrcl with one-sixth part of it, and the rest of the alcohol
added. After having stirred t.hc whole well, pour it into a well-stoppcr\'d
bottle, nnd let it stand ci�ht days in a clnrk, cool pince. The tinctun'
is then separated by decanting, straining and filtering.
Drng power of tinct,11rc, /,.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
XANTHIUM SPINOSUM, hinn.
Nat. Ord., Compositrc.
Common Name, Spiny Clothur. . . .
This plant is a native of Southern Europe, b�1t 1s found �rowmg �n
the United States from Massnchusetts to Gcorgin, on roadsides nnd 111
fields. The plnnt is whitc-tomcntosc, n foot ·or two high, nnd is nrmccl
with strnw-colored spines, arranged triply nt the hnsc of the leave�.
Leaves on petioles, ovatc-lnnceolatc, entire, or thrce-lobecl, or dcnt�tc.
Flower heads sessile, axilln.ry, lower ones fertile, upper ones stcnlr.
Fertile involucre closed, ovoid, coriaceous, and clothccl with rough
prickles forming :i rough hurr. .
Preparation.-The fresh herb, in flower, 1s chopped and pounded
to n pulp anti weighed. Thc! 1 two pn:ls by weigh� of alcohol arc taken,
th f' p11lp mix!'d thoro11ghl? with n11c-�1xth part of 11, and the rest, of' th<'
458 HOMCEOPATIIIC PITAHMACEU'TICS. IIOl\lCEOPATJ ll(; l'IIA ID! A<;EUTICS.

alcohol acldcd. After having stirred the whole, pour it into n well· a running rootstnlk to a. height of a foot �r less a.hove the gr_ound,_ i
stoppered boLLlc, and let it stnnd eight days in n dark, cool place. covered with the Janccolate, unarmed, cormccous leaves, beanng hi:·
The tincture is then scpnrn.ted by decanting, straining and filtering. ments on their margins; the lca,·os arc from one to two feet Jou;.
Amount of drug power, ¼- The scape-like flower-stem is from six to eight foct high, erect, an�l I<·•
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III. miuntod hy an ample pyramidal p:rniclc of simple racemes. �ena_111
of six pelnloid (white) ovnl or ohlong, acute flat _sopnls, withcrn!:
XANTHOXYLUM FRAXINEUM, Willdenow. persistent, the tl irco inner hrondcr, longer thnn the six stamens. St 1:
mns three, sessile. Uitpsule oblong, somewhat hexagonal, three-celled
. Synonyms, Xnnthoxylon .Amcricanum, ]>filler. Hylax Frax- cells imperfectly di,·idod by a partition from the bac�, fleshy, locu I
1nc11m. cidally thrcc-vnlvod from the apex. Seeds numerous Ill ench cell, d,
Nat. Ord., ltntacc:.-c. pressed.
Common Names, Prickly Ash. Pcllitory. Sntcrbcrry. Y cllow Flowers itppr.nr in .July. .
\\'ood. It was first proved by Dr. Charles E. Rowell, United Stntcs.
This i_ s an i\idigcnous shrub found growing in the greater portion of Preparation. -The _fresh r ��ts nnd leaves arc . chop�ed n11•
the Urntcd States. It is often ten or twelve foct high, and prefers pounded to :� pu Ip nm! w01ghcd. Ihen t,�·o parL5 �y weight of 1;lcoh,
woods and sh�dy places. The branches arc armer! with strong, coni­ are taken, the pulp mixed thoroughly \\:1th <H_ic-sixth part of it, nu:
cal, brown pnckles. Leaves alternate, pinnate; leaflets about five the rest of the alcohol added. Alter_ havmg �t1rred thc _ wholo, pour 1 1
pa!rs, with an odd one terminal, attached to a common petiole, either into n. well-stoppered b.ottle, and let 1t stand 01ght d'."ys m a �ln_rk, c11
prickly or not. The leaflets are sessile, ovate, sub-entire, smooth place. The tincture is then separated by dccantmg, strarnrng un•
above, downy beneath. Flowers small, greenish, in dense, axillary filtering.
umbels, and appear before the leftves. Some individuals bear both Amount· of drug power, i.
male and female flowers, others only female. Calyx none; petals five. Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III.
In the fruitful flower, pistils three to five. Fruit an oval capsule, two­
valvcd, one to two-seeded, greenish-red. ZINCUM.
Flowers iu April and May.
Tl �c ba_rk i_s used in medicine. It _is found in _ commercc in quills Synonyms, Zincum Motnllicum. Stannum Indicum.
rnrymg m dtamclcr from one-twelfth mch to one mch, and in lengths Common Names, Zinc. l\lctnllic Zinc.
of two inches or less. The bark is about one-sixteenth of nn inch Symbol, hn.
thick, is grayisl_i-hrown externally, nearly �mooth, with faint longitudinal Atomic Weight, G!i.
furrows, occ:iswnally mnrkcd by wart-like growths and in<'gnlnrly Origin.-Z.inc hns boon found_ in tho _mct_allic st'."to in Au�trnli:
splashed \\·ith white, and is sparsely spiuous. Beneath the external but commonly it is obtained only rn _c?mh111ntion. Zmc occurs_ m co!
la.yer is n grccu one, and below that is the yellowish iuner bark. The si<lcrn.blc nhundan<'C ns calamine, :t sil1cato of the metnl; ns Sm1lhso111
"
hark is without. odor nntl has a bitter, nromntic taste. formerly termed calamine, n carbon�!?; ns. blend�, ii sulphide, nncl
It was introduced into the Homreopnthic Materin Mc<lica by Dr. red zinc ore, an oxide. Small quantiti es of alumma to, nrscnnto , ph• :
Charles Cnllis, Unite,) States. phn.t,o anti sulphnto of the motn.l nrc also fom_11l.
Preparation.-The fresh bark, in coarse powder, is covered with The extraction of the metal from its ores 1s done on n. lnrgc scnlc 1
two parts by weight of alcohol, and allowed to remain eight days in a Silesia, Belgium, England, nnd . to some cxtont _ in the U�iitcd StnlP
well-stopperccl bottle, in a dark, cool pince, being shaken twice a day. The fi rst four named ores of zmc are calcmc<l before bcmg smell<·• i:11
't'hc tincture is then poured off, strained and filtered. The roasted ore is then mixed with half its weight of powdered c)
d to distill tion in closed _ 1r"
Drug power of tincture,!. coal, coke or n.nthrncito coal, an� subjecte ,n_ h
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class III. •or earthen vessels, nt n very !ugh temperature.. Ihc �r�on of � ·
charoon.l or other coal unites with the oxygen of the oxide_ mto wlu '.
atii
YUCCA. the ore hn.d been converted by ronstiug, nnd t.h� meta� bemg vol_
of the distilla iou, is _cn.rriecl mto � UJt �ble roccl\·t• 1
at the temperature � .
u
Synonym, Yucca Filamentosa, Linn. by means of 1tpparntus �11hicl� vn.nes m its ch:�ract�r m d1fforcnt c� 1!
Nat. Ord., Liliacero. tries. The ;r,inc so obtnmed 1s remelted, cast mt.o mgots and co1�1cs
nall·
Common Names, Bear Grass. Adam's Noodle. commerce under t,ho nnmo of spoltcr. Commercial zinc is contanu
This plant is found growing in snndy soil, in East Virginia and with lo:icl and iron. am! in n. IC'�s degree with tin nnd caclminm; and•:•
• I .,, '1""1,. ... , t,, I , ...
southward, where it is called Spanish no1f(mrl. Tff; fr1111k. ,·i 0i11" f,.,,,,, 11 t'

460 HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTWS.
obtained perfectly pure ?Y pnss!ng st�lp)iuretted hydrogen through a
stro1)g _ and s01_n:wlmt nc1d solut10n of z111c sulphate, filtering off any
prcmp1tate, b?il_mg_ the solt�tion to expel the sulphuretted hydrogen,
and . then ;i,rec1p1tatmg tl�e zmc as carbonate by means of sodium car­
bo_natc. . Ihe _carbo11�tte 1s to be washed, redissolved i 1 1 pure sulphuric
ac_1d, cine �, i_n 1 xct) with charcoal prepared from loaf' sugar, and the
n11xturc d1st1llcd m a porcelain retort.
_Properties.-;--Zinc is a _li!ui,ih-white ni_etal, ordi11nrily hnrrl and
1 '.r�t.t.lc, "._hose fr!lcturc cxl_1 1�1t.5 a crystall 111 e structure. It readily
t,�kes a l1 1gh .J�nlish, �ut !-11 1s 1s lost upon exposure for a time to the
an·. Its spcc1hc gr:tv1ty 1s a.l.Jout 7.0. Absolutely pure 1.i 11 c is nmllra­
hle nt ordmary temperat11rPs, nod may he harnlllercd into thi 11 leaves.
Commercinl zinc which is impure and brittle at low tcn1pcmturcs hc­
conie.; r�al �cn.blc _between 100 °_ and 150 ° C. (21� 0-302 ° F.); nt 210 ° ().
(-ll0 f.) 1t n.garn becomes brittle, and may be pulverized i11 a mortar
k(•pt n.t that tc�ipem�urc.. Zinc melts _a � 412 ° C._(77:l.fi 0 F.) ancl a�
1040 0 U.1 (l!J0-i . J<.), 1t bor!s and vulatrl1zcs, and rn the presence of
o:"ygc� burns wr�h i_t gr ?cnrsh flame, forming the oxide. Uomrnercial
z1!1 c dissolves ea�ily 111 dilute sulphuric, hydrochloric nnd other acids,
with the fonnat 1 on of the respective zinc salts and the evolution of
h_r drog �n. '�his is due to tl!c presence of other metals, and the con�e­
quent formation of. a galv� 111c couple with displacement nnd Jiberntiou
of I he hyclrogcn_ of the acid as above stated. Pure 1.inc is acted upon
hy. )he siun� nerds very slowly, but �f .another nud more negative
'
111ct.il be pt esc�t. the _elect!·o-dcco!npos1t10n takes place. On bending
a rod or bar of zmc, 1 t emits a slight crepitating noise' similar to but
wciikcr than that of tin.
The metal _ was first pmvcn by Hahnc111ann.
:reparation_ for Homreop1:lthi� Use.-Thc pure metal, heated
to 410 F. and fmely powdered 1s tnturated ' as directed under Cln° ''""'0
VJ L
ZINCUM ACETICUM.
Synonyms, Zinc Acetate. Zinci Acctas.
Common Name, Acetate of Zinc.
Formula, Zn (C 2 Jl 3 0 2 ) 2 , 3 H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 2:37.
P� epa:ation_ of �cetate <;>f Zinc.-One hundred part.� of com-
111crcial zr_nc_ oxide, free from iron oxide, are to be mixed with 250
part.� of d1st 1lle<l water nnd 530 parts of dilute acetic acid of specific
g�·av1ty 1.040, and abou� 15 parts_ of pure metallic zinc, in small
pieces, are to be dropped mto the 1mxture. The whole is to be heated
fo1: _half a day on the water-bath. The fluid is to be filtered while
botlmg and the filtrate set aside to crystallize. After the lapse of a
day, a �econd crop of crys_tals may be obtained by adding to the
mother (iquor _a sma�l quantity of acetic acid, evaporating to one-half
a�d ag:un settmg aside to crystallize; the crystals are to be dried upon
bibulous paper.
HOi\fCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 46J
Properties.-A.cctatc of zinc crystallizes in six-sided, colorles�.
transpn.rcnt, pearly, rhombic tables or pliitcs. They feel greasy to th,
a
touch, and possess a weak acctous oclor :uni nauseating metallic ta�IP
In the air the crystals become cfllorcscent from loss of some of their
acid ,and water of crystnllizat.io11; they arc soluble in three parls nl
cold, in one and a half of boilin� water, in thirty of cold and iu two nl
boiling 90 per cent. alcohol. 'J he crystals melt when heated to 100'
C (212 ° .P.j with a loss of a small portion of their acid. and beron,,
then solid, and when further heated to HliJ U. (.383 F.) they n).!nir
0 °
ziuc acetate is produced in s11uan1 1111
become fluid, and sublimed
forms.
Tests.-Thcsc arc chiefly for the presence of lead, ra.dn,i11m :1 1 1,
magnesia. A solution of zinc salt is to be treated with caustic alkali
the resulting precipitate i,hould dissolve i11 an excess of the rcag1•11·
(auy undissolved portion means cadmium oxide or magnesia). TI,,
alk:tlinc solution, when treated with hydrogen sulphide, gives 1L whit,
precipitate of zinc sulphide (if lend oxide is present the precipitate i
<lark hrown or blackish). '\.Yhcn zinc acetate solution is treated wit I
ammonium carbonate a voluminous whitish precipitate of zinc carbon
ate occurs, which is redissolved in excess of the precipitant (an undi,
solved portion is due to cadmium oxide or lead oxide ). '\Vhen :
few drops of phosphoric acid arc aclde<l to the arnmoniacal solution, :
white precipitate, foiling immediately or in a very short time, denoll·
the presence of a magnesium salt.
It was first proven by Hal111ema11n.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Pure acetate of zinc i
trituratcd as directed under Class VU.
ZINCUM BROMATUM.
Synonym, Zinc Bromide. Zinci Brornidum.
Common Name, Bromide of Zinc.
Formula, Zn Br 2 .
Molecular W�ight, 225.
Preparation.-This componncl rnny he prepared by digr�ting p111
granulated zinc in hydrobromic acid; some slips of platinum 1<1il a,
to be placed in the liquid, so that they shall touch the zinc frng111pnt•
a galvanic action is immediately set up with the formation of zin
bromide and the evolution of hyclrogrn. The zinc is to he k<'pt i•
contact with the platinum and in excess. As soon ns the evol1 1 ti..­
of hydrogen has ceased, the solution is to be filtered, concc11trntcd :111,
evaporated to dryness upon a water-hnth.
Properties.-The hydrated bromide of zinc, prepared as dircetc­
abovc, is an indistinctly crystalline, very deliquescent ma!'s. "'lw
heated the mass yields a sublimate of zinc bromide in white needle·
whose specific gravity is 3.643. Zinc bromide has a styptic, sweefo
t:iste, dissolves freely in water and is soluble in alcohol and ether.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Bromidc of' zine
t rit11rnt<'d. :,� ,lir<'l'l<'rl 1111rlrr Cln!<� VTL hut. owin� In th<' rlcliqur�<'<'ll'
4G2 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
ZINCUM CARBONICUM.
Synonyms, Zinc Cnrbounte. Zinci Cnrbonns Pr:ccipitntn.
Common Names, Oarbouate of Ziuc. Prccipitntcd Carbonate of
Zinc.
Formula, Z.n C0 3 • Zn ll 2 0 2 •
Molecular Weight, 22-1-.
Preparation of Carbonate of Zinc.-Onc h11n<lrcrl pnrtR of'
pure crystallized zinc f'nlphatc, free from iron, arc di:;solvccl in 1,000
parts of dist.illecl water, and while boiling, filtered; the boiling-hot
filtrate is to he mixed grndually ancl with cn11st.l1nt stirring, with a Iii­
tercel aml hut solut.ion of' 115 purL'l of crystnllizccl �odium carbonate
i11 i,000 p:trL'3 of' distilled water. After the prt:<'ipitntc has suhsid<•d
it. is to he collected on a muslin strainer, :t11d washed with hot distilll!d
water until the washings are 110 longer rcnclcrcc.l turbicl by barium
chloride solution; it is then to be dried at n. gentle heat.
Properties.-Thc preparation made by t.hc directions given above
consists of' the carbonate and hydrate of zinc; it is a sof't, very white
powder, . insoluble in water, but readily dissolves in dilute acids
with effervescence and the formation of zinc salts of the acids used.
The ofHcinnl cn.rbonate is without taste or odor. Wheu heated to red­
ness it parts with it.'l 00 2 aml H 2 0, anti there is left oxide of zinc to
the amount of about 70 per cent.
Tests.-Whcn llie compound is dissolved in dilute nitric aci<l the
solution should show no change on being trcn.tcd with barium nitrnto
(sulphate), and silver nitrate (chloride). The sn.mc solution, when
treated with ammonium carbonate in excess, shoulcl be clear, the pre­
cipitate first appearing hcing rerlissolvccl in excess of the rrair<•11t
( :discnco of' calcium), nnd when to t.hc clcn.r n111mo11iacal solution a
drop or two of phosphoric aciil arc nddccl no prccipitntc should oc1·11r
( m:tguosia); with hydrogen sulphide the zi1w !':tits in nlkaliuc or neu­
tral solution arc precipitated m; a white sulphide.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Purc carbonate of zinc
is trit.11ratod, ns dircctccl under Class VU.
ZINCUM MURIATICUM.
Synonyms, Zinc Chloride. Zinci Chloridum. Zincum Muri-
aticum.
Common Name, Chloride of Zinc.
Formula, Zn Cl n ,
Molecular Wei°ght, 136.
Preparation of Chloride of Zinc.-Dissolvo 1'.20 parts of pure
carbonate of zinc in as much pure hydrochloric acid as may ho re­
quirerl to form :t clear solution; the acid is to be added gradually,
ahout 300 pn.rts being needed. The solution is to be pln.cc,I in a
cylindrical glaf's vessel and allowed to stand until any undissolved resi­
due has settled; the clear solution is then dccn.ntcd and usually needs
no filtration; if such seem necessary it is to be done through glass-
HOM<EOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 4G3
wool, ·paper not hcing f'uitahlc. The solution is to be transferred to a
porcelain dish nnd cvnporatcd at n gcnllc heat wit.h frequent sCirring,
in a place free from dust. As Roo11 as 1t son1cwhat thick mass is oh­
tained it is to he pla1·<•d 011 the wnlcr-hath and ernporatcd to dryness
quickly to prnvont as far as possible the lof's of chloriuc. The dry,
hot, hygroscopic maR<; is to be fused in a CO\'Crcd porcelain casserole,
the liquid ·pourrd 011 a heated flat stone, and whc11 it has solidified it. is
to be broken into pi(•ccs and the fragmcnL� in1111cdiately transferred to
a well-stop perm I hott le.
Properties.-Chlorido of zinc is a white crystalline powder, or is
in ll'hitc opaque 111assPs or sticb. It has :t caustic, metallic, nauseat­
ing saline tast.e, is without odor, an<I has an acid reaction. It absorbs
ll'nt.or rC'adily f'ro111 thr. air nnd Roon hcco111cs convC'rlr<l into a clear
fluid. Heated t.o :I J!.j ° C. (23!) 0 F.) it melts lo n. elc:u liquid, \\'hich,
upon cooling, hecomcs a grnyish-\\'hitc mnss; at a full red heat it
volntilizcs in thick white fumes, leaving a yellowish-white residue con­
sisting of zinc oxide nnrl chloride, a part of' the zinc chloride subliming
i11 white needles. Chloride of zi11c is easily soluble in water, and in
alcohol, lcf's readily in ether. Sohrt.ions of' the oflicinal preparation
arc generally s0111cwhat turbid from the presence of the oxychloride.
From an aqueous solution of syrupy consistence, zinc chloride sepa­
rates out in small deliquescent octohcdral crystals containing one mole­
cule of water.
Tests.-lL'3 complete solubility in alcohol rendered acid ll'ith 1101
evidences the absence of irnpuritics which arc insoluble in alcohol.
A clear solution in water acidulatcrl with HCl, becomes precipitated
at first ll'hon anrmonium carbonate is added; when the alkali is added
in cxcc.�s, with shaking, the precipitate first, formed is redissolved (a
permanent prccipitn.to uncler these conditions is dependent upon the
presence of calcium compounds). A precipitntc for111cd in the nlkn­
linc solution upon the addition of a111n11miun1 phosphate, and which
docs not disappear upon further treatment wilh ammonium carbonate,
is clue to t.hc prc•spm•e of 111ag11r�i1i or :t n111g1il'si11111 cnr11pm1111l. Lastly,
ll'hcn the alkaline solution is sat.uratcd ll'ith hydrogen sulphiclc, a pre­
cipitate which is not perfectly ,diitc sholl's cunt.aminntion ll'ith other
metals.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Purc chloride of' 1.inc
is trituratccl, ns directed 1111dcr Clnss VlJ, h11t owing to the dclhprcs­
ceuce of the salt, the lower triturations will not keep well.
ZINCUM FERROCYANATUM.
Synonym, Zinci Fcrrocyanidum.
Common Name, Fcrrocyanidc of Zinc.
Formula, Zn 2 Fe (CN) 0 , 3H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 3!)6.
Preparation of Ferrocyanide of Zinc.-Six parts of cryst11.l­
lized potassium fcrrocyanidc arc to be dissolved in sixty parts of dis­
tilled water, the solution is filtered nnd then added gradun.lly, with
 464 HOM<;EOPATHIC P llARMACEUTICS.
constant stirring, ton. filtered solution of eight pn.rts of crystnl
p hate of zinc in 180 pn.rts of w1ttcr. The 111ixtnrc i s allowe lizcd sul­
for scvernl hours in n. warm pince nnd afterwards iu a cold d to sta.ud
preci pi tate is to be thrown on it filter nnd was hed t h ereon as one. The
was h ings give any turbidity with bari um chloride solution. 1 011 g ns th e
due is to be dried at n. very gentle heat and t hen rubbed The resi ­
to
Prope rties.-Officinnl forrocynnidc of zi nc is n.· white, powder.
odorless powder; i t is insoluble in water nnd alco hol, is nut tasteless,
by ve ry dilute aci ds nor by causti c ammonia solution, but aLt.ackcd
read i ly in potm,si 11111 hydrntc. \V h en h entecl to rcdn!'s dissolves
s
foil the re is left a rcsilhlc consistiug of oxi des of iron n.nd 011 platiu11111
zinc.
Tests.-Fcrrocyanide of zi nc, w h en shaken with dilute
a cetic
aci d, should yield nothi ng to t he ncid; the filtrntc from
t he mi xture
should leave 110 residue upon evaporation from platinum
s hould it be colnrcd wh en saturn.tcd with hydrogen sulphi foil, nor
of heavy metals in the latter, of fixed salts in the former de (absence
exper
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Fcrrocyanide i ment).
tri turntcd as directed under Class VII. of ziuc is
ZINCUM CYANATUM.
Synonyms, Zi nci Cyanidum. Zincum Cynnuretum.
Common Name, Cyanide of Zinc.
Formula, Zn (.C N) 2•
Preparation.-A solution of ten parts of dry chloride of
to be mixed with a solution of ten parts of potassi um cy anide zinc is
distilled water, and to th e mixture are to be added three parts in 100 of
acetic acid. The precipitate is to be wnshed upon n filter, of dilute
at first wi th
100 p arts of water aciclulated with three pnrts of dilute
Rfterwn.rd wit h disti lled water only. Th e wns hcd precipitate acetic acid,
p ressed between folds of bibulous paper to remove ns much is to be
as possible and t hen dried quickly at n. temperature of moisture
about 30° C.
(86 ° F.)
Properties.-Zinc cyanide is a w hite; soft, amorphous
almost without tnstc or odor. It is insoluble in water and alcoho powder
dissoh· cs readi ly i n strong acids wi th t h e fommtinn of' n zinc snlt l, hut
acid used, and the liberation of cyanogen, the sol 11 tion giv of' the
i ng the reac­
tion for hydrocya11ic aci d. When heated to redness on platinu
a residue of ;r.inc oxide is left, w hich w hen dissolved i 11 hydrocm foil
acid and t hen treated with potassium ferrocyani dc solutio hlori c
gi ve a blue precipi tate (distinguis hi ng from the f'crrocynai clc11 docs 11ot
Tests.-Thc tests to be applic<l nre those described i n of zi nc.)
t h e article
Zincum muriaticum.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Purc cyanid
e of zinc is
triturated as directed uudcr Class VII.
ZINCUM IODATUM.
Synonyms, Zi nc Iorlide. Zinci Iorlidum.
Common Name, Tncli<ir nf" 1/,i 11 ,-
IlOMCEOPATRIC l'IIAllMACEUTICS.
Formula, Zn I 2•
Molecular Weight,, 319. ·
Preparation of Iodide of Zinc.-In a gl ass fla�k, :''hose cap�('
is about 100 CC., arc to be placed tcu parts of pure 10dme and t11 r1
of distilled water, and then arc to be gradua lly_ added three p art;:
pure granulated ziuc. The bottom of the flask 1s to be heated t�i I
tween 30 ° and 40 ° C. (86 ° -104 ° F.), nnd its mouth cov�recl wt!h
glass funnel. After nil the zinc hns been taken up, the mixture I!<
be digested for some hours, the colorl solu _ tion filtered through gl:,
wool nnd cvapornt.ed in a flat porccln111 CS:3
dish nt a gentle hent to d ,
ness.' The dried mass i s to be at 011cc trnnsforred to small glass but'
carefully closed with co r k-stoppers.
. .
Properties.-Zi11c iodide forms a colorle.�s s_alme mass �nthout "'
and possessing a sharp metallic taste. It i� easily soluble m wn�cr : 1
alcohol· when h eated it melts, and at a higher tcmpcrntu1_c g1vC'�_
iodine �apor until at last only zinc oxide rc1m _ ti11s. ,v hen c11 r<'f 11
heated it may be subli 1 11ed and, conclcuserl _ m needle�, nnc:I f1__0111
aqueous solutious i t 111ay by careful cvnporat10n be obtamed m Icg11
octohedrons or cubo-octohedrons. . . . .
Tests.-A small quantity of the 10d1de ofzmc when tr�atcd "_�tl
few drops of ammonium sulphide should show only a ,,�·l11te turb11I
(a colorntion indi cates t he presence of o�hcr i:ne�als). Iownrds_ a111,_,
niurn carbonate solution and p h osp honc acid !t behaves prcc1scl.,
does ziuc c h loride. 0.5 gram of dry zi nc iodide when shaken �'
­
five grams of a lcohol sl�otdcl dissolve nlmost co'.11plctely, and_!�·
the somewha t turbid solut10n there should not scparnte _ out nny c1) • 1
line substance. To this fluid is to be added a solut10�1 of 0.6 fr":
of silver nitrate in 30 CC. of distilled wa �e:. Af'tcr v10lent sh ak,
the fluid is allowed to stnnd th a t the prcc1p1tate m _ ny sett!�, and t l i •
are to be added to it five grams of pure caustic nm�onm soh1t 1•
and the mixture strongly agitated. T he pre_ cipitatc 1s to _be tl11·'.'
upon a tarcd filter which has been wnsherl w1�h l_l. not too dilute ni_,
acid. T he filtrate when treated wit h �1itri c acid 111 execs� sho�1 Id )"I'
no precipitate (absence of zinc chloride or bromide). _
A slight t
bidity wh ich docs not materially impair the �rnnsJ'.arr;ncy of t h e filtr:
is permissible and may be due to n trn�c of �dyer 10d1dc. �h e yell,
ish-whitc precipitate is to be wnshcd w1_t h d1st1lled wn.tcr, dried ttpoi
water-bath nnrl woighc1), an,l sl)ottl�I w�1gh at least ?:7 gram.
Preparation.-Iod1dc of zmc 1s triturated as d11ected under Cl·
1 •
VIL
ZINCUM OXYDATUM.
Synonyms, Zinc Oxide. Zi11 c�11n Ox,rc)ntum Pururo. Zinci 0
dum. Ca lx Zinci. Lana Ph ilosoph1ca. N1lulum Album. Pomp h ol_,
Common Name, Oxide of Zi nc.
Formula, Zn 0.
Molecular Weight,• 81.
r ,-.. 1
4GG HOl\f<EOPATHIC PHARMACF.UTICS.
of zine, twelve troy ounces. Place it in a shallow vessel an<l expose to
11 low red heat until the water nnd cnrbonic ncid nrc entirely cxpcllccl.
This may be knoivn by rcmovi11g a portio11 from the centre of the
111 11ss upon a wnrmcd gins.� rod, adding to it a little water nnd a few
d rops of hydrochloric aci,I; should no cfforvcsccncc ensue the operation
is complctcd.
Properties.-Purc oxide of zi11c is a soft, odorlcss, tnst.cless, white
powder. It nbsnrhs CO� ns well ns moisture upon exposure to the nir.
It is not readily f"usihlc, becomes citron yellow on hcnting, but upon
coolin� resumes its original color. After being heated to rcdnc�s it
emits light in the dn.rk for about half nn hour. At a white heat it
111clts to a yellowish gla�s. It is insoluhle in water hut di��olvcs
rl'adily i11 dilute sulphuric, hydrochloric, 11itric and acetic ncids, forn1-
i 11 g the corresponding �nits. From its comhin:ition with any of these
ac:ids it is rcprccipitatcd ni; n. hydrate by caustic :dknli.
Tests.-Onc pnrt of pure zinc oxide placed in a test-tuhe with Len
parts of distilled w:tlrr mul the mixture thoroughly shnkcn, should
yit•ld a filtrate which is imliflcrcnt to tcst-pnpcr, or at most barely allm­
liue, :rnd a few drops when evn.porntcd on a watch-glass should leave
no residue; the purest Swedish filter paper should be used in this test.
A portion of the damp zinc oxide is to be placed in a test-tube and
treated with a 25 per cent. nitric acid; there should be no cflcrvcs­
ccncc perceptible to the eye. If reddish-yellow fumes arc observable
the presence of particles of metallic zinc or of zinc sub-oxiclc is indi­
cated, nnd such specimens should be rejected. If' the nitric ncid solu­
tion he clear it mny be further tested with silver nitrate (for zinc
chloride), with bnriu 111 nitrate (for sulphate), and n. third part is to be
treated grndually with :tmmonium carbonate solution until the latter
is strongly in cxcc."S. The precipitate of zinc oxide which at first foils,
is nJt.crward redissolved in excc,:s of tho prccipitnn . t and the fluid be­
come.� clear nnrl colorlc�s. Should it be turbid cndmium, lead or cal­
cium compounds may he present; if clear a. few drops of ammonium
phosphate solution :u·c to be acldcd; usually there falls :t slight pre­
cipitate which rcdis.�oln'S 011 the further addition of caustic nmmonia,
a precipitate not redissolving being due to magnesia. The nmmoniacal
�olutinn when treated with hydrogen sulphide should show only 11
white precipitate.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Purc oxide of 1.inc is
trituratcd as directed under Class V 11.
ZINCUM PHOSPHORATUM.
Synonym, Zinc Phosphide. Zinci Phosphidum.
Common Names, Phosphide of Zinc. Phosphuret of Zinc.
Formula, Zn 3 P 2.
Molecular Weight, 257.
Preparation of Phosphide of Zinc.-Phosphidc of zinc has
been )repared in a number of different ways. Some not unnttcndcrl
j , _
with ( anger to the oprratnr. othrr!' givill'• rr•11lJc: 1111t :thl":iY!' id,•nlir:d
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
•The. followini; method of Proust gives a product which is
constant. Nitrogen gas is liberated from ammonium nitrntl'
'ing the latter, and the gas is led through a bottle cont11iui1
hydrochloric acid and into which calcium phosphide is intr,1o
means of a wide tube. Phosphorettcd hydrogen is cvoh·cd :1
gether with the nitrogen, arc wnshcd by passing through a ,
tle; the mixed gnscs arc then led into a porcclnin t11hP i
granulated 1.inc is kept at :i red heat. The whole npparnt11�
filled with nitrogen gns before the gcnerntion of hydrogen I'
is beguu. \Vhcn the mixed gases come in contact wilh tlw
zinc the phosphorcttcd hyclrogr11 yields its phosphorus to JI
fonning phosphide of zinc, and the lihcratcd hydrogen nnd 1
gen g•1s pn�s out. Aller the phnsphorcttcd hydrogen cra�r�
off the apparn.tus mny be cooled, but the passing of nitrogen ,
be coutinuccl until cooling is co111plctc.
Properties.-Plwsphidc of 1.inc is n, more or lc,:s mrtalli,
friable mass, whose surface is strewn with snmll rhomhic pri�111
the odor of plwsphorns, am! when powucrcd rcscmhlcs iron r!'d
hydrogen, or it is ri gmy, permnncnt powder having n metal!•
without any unchanged particles of zinc. Out of contnrt wit!
it is complctcly volatile by heat and melts at a higher tr111•
than the fusing point of zinc. Acids decompose it with the ,.
of phosphorcttcd hydrogen and the formation of zinc salts; ni•
changes it however into ziuc oxide and zinc phosphate. 1 t is 111
by alkalics. Ily heating iu the nir it is gradually ch_1111gcd i
phosphate.
Tests.-Fincly powdered zinc phosphide should upon orul:,
ination show no particles of mctnllic zinc. A grnm of the fin,
dered phosphide when treated with nn aqueous solution of n111
chloride, n.llowcd to stnnd for n, da.y anrl thrn filtered, will /!iY
due which nf'tcr washing, first with water, next with alcohol :111,
with ether, and then drier!, shoulcl weigh at lcnst 0.9 gram.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Purc phosphid,·
is trituratcd as directed under <.:lass VII.
ZINCUM SULPHURICUM.
Synonyms, Zinc Sulphate. Zinci Sulphns. Vitriolum J\ I
Common Names, Sulphate of Zinc. \Vhitc Vitriol.
Formula, Zn SO 4, 7H 2 O.
Molecular Weight, 287.
Preparation of Sulphate of Zinc.-Take of grn11ula1,
sb::teen ounces; sulphuric :icid, twelve fluid ounces; distilled
four pints; solution of chlorine, a f'ufficicncy; carbonntc of 1.i1
half ounce, or n sufficiency. Pour the sulphuric acid, pn
mixed with the water, on the zinc contnincd in n porcelain bn�i
when effervescence has nearly ccnscd aid the net.ion hy a gentI
Filter thr n11id in�o n gnl(nn hoUI<'. :11Hl :ul, I p-1-ailuall.1· with , ..
_

4G8 HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEU'l'ICS.
o<lor of chlorine. Add now with continue<l ngitation the cnrbonnte of
ziuc until a brown precipitate appears; let it settle, filter the solution,
evaporate until a pellicle forms ou the surface, an<l set nside to crys­
tallize. Dry the crystals by exposure to the air on filtering paper
plnced 011 porous tiles. l\fore crystals may be obtained by again
evaporating the mother liquor.-Br. l'.
Properties.-Pure zinc sulphate separntcs from its solutions at or­
dinary tcmperntures in right rhombic prisms isomorphous with the
crystals of the nrmlogous mngnesian salt, or, when crystallized rapidly
with stirring, iu small prismatic needles. The crystnls nrc trnnspar­
c•nt colorlc�s nnd odorless, but h:we a sharp, nauseous, saline, metallic
taste, and arc nci,l in reaction; they am !!1tperfici11lly efllorCllcent, he­
coming thereby white all(l opaque. When heated to 100° C. (212 °
F.), the crystals melt and part with six 111olecules of their water; the
re111aining 1110\ocule refuses to leave the sulphuric constituent, and
when forced out of the crystals by heat, is accompanied by a portion
of the acid. At n red heat the crystals lose all their sulphuric acid,
nncl there is left only zinc oxide. The salt is soluble in 0110 and a
quarter parts of cold, aud in less than one-half part of boiling ,�ater, �t
the temperature of which, ns has been stated, the crystals melt 10 their
own water. When the salt is crystallized from solutions t\t n te111pern­
t11re above 30 ° C. (86 ° F.), it may be obtained in oblique rhombic
prisms having a less proportion of water, i. e., two, five a11cl six mole­
cules. The salt is insoluble in absolute alcohol, nnd dilute alcohol dis­
solves but little.
Tests.-These are practically the same as those given under the
article Zincum Aceticurn. The usual impurities nre iron nnd magnesia,
and possibly zinc chloride which may be detected by treating the
dilute solutiuu with silver nitrate. Zinc sulphate forms crystnllizable
combi11ations with sulphates of the alkalies; the presence of these
in a specime11 of' the salt mny readily be determined. One part of
crystallized zinc sulphate is dissolved in ten times its volume of dis­
tilled water, 1111d to the solution is added a solution of one nnd a quarter
p1irts of crystallized acetate of Jene\ in one hundrccl pnrt.'l by weight
of distilled water, agitated an<l filtered. The filtrntc is to be corn­
plctely saturated with hydroge11 sulphide, again filtcrc<l, an<l the fil­
trate evnpomted from platinum foil; a residue remaining after heating
to redness, depe11ds on the presence of an alknlinc sulphatc or magne­
sium sulphate.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Pure sulphate of zinc
is triturated, as directed under ClllSS VII.
ZINCUM VALERIANICUM.
Synonyms, Zinc Valcrinnntc. Zinci Vnlerinnns.
Common Names, Valcriannte of Zinc.
Formula,Zn (C 5 H 0 0 2)2, H 2 0.
Molecular Weight, 285.
• r .,. ... , •. : •• � ... ,. "r 7: ... ,, '1'-tl•,.
HOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
zi_n �, five a11d a half ou�ces (avoir�.); valcrianntc of soda, fi,
d1st11l�d wn�er, n . sufficiency. lJrssolve the salts separnt<'l,
tw?. pmts _ (1mp?nal) of the wn.tcr, raise both solutions 1:
bo1lmg pomt, n11x them, cool, and skim off the crystals \\'hi,
duced. Ev_ nporntc the mother-I iquor at a heat 11ot cxccccli 11
to four flurd ounces, cool again, remove the crystnls 11
for�ed and add them to those which h11Y c been nlrench
J?rnm the Cr):S½ils on a p:ipcr filter, and wash thc111 with :1 �
tr_t)'. of col� <lrstdlcd _ water till _the washings give but a very
c1p1tat� "1th _chl�_ndc of barnrm. . Let them now be ng:i
and dr 1ed O!I filter 111� �>aper at o_rd111ary tcmpcrntur<'s.-Hr.
Propert1es.-Ofhc111:tl valermnatc of zinc for111s whit"
scales, pearly in l_ ustre and greasy to the to11('h, or n powd,
of_srnall crystall�11c scales. The salt hns n. wcnk odor of
nc1d and an astrrngcnt, sweet, aromatic tn�tc. It is so\ 11 1,
90 to 100 parts of cold, but is fnr less soluhie in hot watt'r
40 pnrt:,s of 90 per cent._ alcohol, and is only slightly tnkeir 'i,
\Vhc�1 its a�ueou? solut1?ns arc hcntcd to boiling, it is decnr,
th� formation of a basic salt, which dissolves with di/ti l '11
acid salt readily soluble. When heated to about 250 ° C (•I
salt volatilizes.
�ests.-I_n a po�·cclni_n dish, one grnm of the �nit i�
m01ste�cd .wrtl � nrtr!c nc1<l and then dried at a gt'ntle ht •:1
cess of 11!01stc11111g wrt h the acid llnd of drying nrc to Irr r,
the salt rs then brought to a red heat; the rt'sidue �houl,
!css than .29_ !{ram (29 per cent.). The trcatrt1l'nt wi1li
111 the way 111d1catc<l results in the formation of zinc 11ir
d ?es not casill mlnti !izc. When .5 grnnr of the vnleriann1,
'
w1th_ 3 CC. of wn�cr_m a _tes� t1_1hc, nnd 10 or 15 d rops nf I,
acrcl added, valcrrat)IC flCtd rs lrhcratcd nud appears in oilr
the surfa�c of t_h_c liquid. About .5 gram of the vnleria;,.
i,hakcn with borl111g hot water nnd filtered · the filtrntl' 11
with n. fow drops oJ' ferric chloride solutio� nnd in its· 1,
should !30t be .colorcd 1 :cd (absence . of _ zinc neetntc), nor
��cnt wrth hanu111 sol_11,t101� slt011,ld rt �1,·c nny_ t�rrhidif \'
zmc sulphate). l �nlsdrcatron of Ynlcnanntc of :t.111t· wit!,
the metal may be detected by mixing cold concentrnl<'d
the suspected valcri a_ �atc an<l o�· �cctatc of copper. 1f I,
present, n bh!c turbrdrty or prec1p1tnte will inrmcdiatclr ,.,.,
. P�eparat10n '.or Homa:opathic Use.-Purc rnicri:r
1S tr1turatcd, as d1rcctcd under Class V H.
ZIN GIBER OFFICINALE, Roscoe.
Synonyms, Amo111u111 Zingibcr, Linn. Zingiber All11
her Nigrum.
Nat. Ord., Zingibcracc[C.
Common Name, Ginger.
,,r (:11lnhnt" nf' The ginger plant is reed-like in appearance, having an r1>
 470 HOMCEOPA'l'HIC PHARMACEUTICS.
stern three or fom feet high. It is n native of Asin nnd is extensively
cultivated in the warmer portions of that lnncl; it hns also been intro­
duced into the West Indies, nnd the tropical regions of South Ameri<'n,
\V estern Africa and Austrnlin. The stems rise from n rhi1.0me. Leaves
sheathing elongated, the blade nearly afoot iu length, aud becoming lance•
linear above. The flowers are in conical spikes on specinl shorter stems
arising from the root-stock. Flowers yellow or vnricgatcd. For
111edici11a.l use the rhizome is deprived of its epidermis by scn,piu ; it.
�
is then washed antl dried iu the sun. It is fouucl in commerce in pieces
r:nrly exeeetling four inches in length, made up of n nurnhcr of short,
latrrally <'olllprcssed kuohhy shoots, the sum111it of each shoot indi­
cating hy depressions the former attachments of the leafy stems. The
rhizollle is !'Ome\\'hnt palmate in outliue; its color is pale bull: It
breaks readily, its fracture being short, gra11ul:tr and bristly-fibrous.
The terminal or younger portio11 of the rhizome on section appears
pale yellow, soft and starchy; the older portion is resinous nod of
flinty hardne!'S.
Preparation.-The dried root powdered, is covered with five parts
by weight of alcohol, and allowed to remain eight days in a well-stop­
pered bottle, in a dark, cool place, being shaken twice a day. The
tincture is thcu poured ofl; strained and filtered.
Drug power of tincture, fo-.
Dilutions must be prepared as directed under Class IV.
AMBROSIA.
Synonym, Ambrosia Artcmisirofolia, Linn.
Nat. Ord., Compositro.
Common Names, Rag \Veccl. Hog \Vccd.
This is a perennial, indigenous plant, found growing in waste places
everywhere from Canada to Georgia. Stem two or three feet high,
branching, hairy ot· rough, pubescent. Leaves altcrnnte, thin, twice­
pinnatifid, smooth above, hairy beneath, on cilia.tc petioles. Flowers
in tern1inal panicled rnccmcs. Harren flowers in cup-shaped groups,
made up of from five to twenty funnel-shaped staminate flowers, clmffy.
Fertile flowers in heads, grouped one to three together, sessile in the
axils of leaves or bracts at the base of the rncemcd sterile heads. Fruit
an ovoid or globular achenium, a.r mcd "·ith about six acute teeth or
spinrs.
Preparation.-The fresh leaves and flowers nre chopped ancl
pounded to a pulp aud weighed. Then two pnrls by weight of alco­
hol arc tnken, the pulp mixed with one-sixth part of it, aud the rest
of' the alcohol added. After hnving stirred the whole, pour it into a
\\'ell-stoppered bottle, and let it stand eight clays in a dark, cool place.
The tincture is separated by decanting, strnining nnd filtering.
Drng power of tincture, t.
Dilutions must be prepnrcd as directed under Class III.
HOMCEOPA 1'HIC PHARMACEUTICS.
ANILINUM SULPHURICUM.
Synonyms, l\fonuphcnylamine Sulphate. Sulphate of nnili11•
Formula, ( Ca H 7 N ) 2 JI 2 SO 4•
Origin.-\Vhcn 11itrohc111.!>l is acted upon by nascent hyclrOJ:!l'l.
latter removes the whole of the oxygen from the f?rme�· _ aud s�1�s1 1
two atoms of' hydrogen; the substance produ�cd 1s amlme. IhP
tion is exhibited as follows: Ca II 5 (N0 2 ) [u1trobenzol] + Ho
H 1 N [aniline]+ 2 H 9 0.
Aniline was discovcrcLl in 1826, hy Unvcr<lorben, who obtn111
from indigo. It is prnrlucerl in r� great _numh_er of reactions, t Ill'
importiu1t of which arc, the reducmg a'.;t1011_ of ferrous ncet�tc 0�1
benzol, the distillation of' coal-tar ml with hyclrochlonc ae11I.
treating po'l'.•clcrcd i11cligo with potm;�ium hydrate in _n retort _n1111
tilling, the distillate being separable mto n brown resmuus rcs1d11,
a colorless clistillate of aniline.
Aniline is it transparent, mobile, colorlef's, oily _ liquid, w)1osc n,
faint and resembles that of wine, and whose taste 1s aromatic and
ing. It is slightly soluble in water, and itself dissolves a portion ·
latter. It dissolves in all. proportions in ether, alcohol, cnrhon
phide and the fixed and volatile oils. Aniline ranks as a strn11
ganic base, uniting readily with acids to 1� rm sal_ ts which gcncrnll
cryst1tllizable, but it docs not displace the11· basic hyd�ogen. 1 t
source of very many brillinnt dyes; it exerts a. delctenous effect
the animnl orgnnism. . ..
Preparation and Properties of Aniline Sulp��te.­
compound may be readily obtai�ed by e:-�ctly neutrnhzm� :1
\\'ith pure sulphuric acid. The nuxture _ sohcl1fies to � CIJStalh,1!''
this is to be pressed and then punfied by rc-crystall1zat1on. 1 h•
is readily soluble in water and to a less degree in c�ilute nlcoh11 1
absolute alcohol it is slightly soluble and not nt all 111 ether. 11
be hented to 100 ° C. (212° F.) without unrlcrgoing any chang•
cautiously heated to a higher tempernturc it_ giv�s up a�ili�ic and
and becomes converted rnto phenyls11lphnm1c acid. I1 rmscd 111
hi�her �empcraturc, a. �li_fforent d�composition occurs, sulphurou�
hemg g1vcu off nncl nrnline s11lpl11tc formed, some ('nJ:h111111c<'<
_ '.llf' 1
remnining. Its alcoholic solution snturnted nt the boilrng pomt •
liquid becomes solid on c?olin�.
.
Tests.-If the matcnals from which the salt 1s prepared h,·
the tests to be applier! nre merely those for identification. Wl11·
dilute solution containing aniline or its s1,lts nr? ndded _a few dr,
_
solution of chlorinated lime or other hypochlor1tc, n bnght vrnl,
color is producer!. A solution of the sulphate o� a_niline when_ t'
with barium chloride solution gives a white prec1p1tate of bar111
phatc, insoluble in nitric acid.
It was proYen by Dr. J. B.Bell, U:nitcrl States.
Preparation for Homceopath1c Use.-Pure sulphate ,,
line is triturated, as clirected under Class VII.
 SUPPLEMENT
TO Tirn

AMERICAN HOM(EOPATHIC PHARMACOPU:IA.

ADONIS VERNALIS.
Synonyms, Pheasant's Eye. False Jlellcborc.
Natural Order, Rnnunculncerc.
This plant is found on t.hc lime hills of i\liddlo and Soulhcrn
Europe and in Asia. lt is a perennial heru, growing from twelve
to fifteen inches high. The stem is branching, and the luaves
rnnny-cleft and sessile. It blooms in the spring, nnd the flowers
arc yellow, large and attractive, with ten to twclrn oblong, spread­
ing pet:tls, slighlly toothed at the apex. The fruit. consists of nu­
merous one-sided achcnirc.
Provings.-Scc "Index to Provings," by Dr. '.I'. L. Brndford.
. Preparation.-Thc entire fresh plant is used to prepare the
tincture ns prescribed under Class HI, and dilutions are made in
accordance with clirectioni- as given under that class on page 21.
Amount of drug power of tincture, L
ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS.
Synonyms, Alstonia Cuneata, Wall. Echitcs Scholaris, Linn.
Ditii Barie Devil Tree of India.
Natural Order, Apocynacero.
Alstonia scholaris, the hark of which is called Dit:i. uitrk by the
natives of the Philippines, is a tree sometimes attaining the height
of eighty feet; it has a tall trunk nnd spreading whorled branches.
The bark, about one-half inch thick, is dark grny, uneven, and
rough, with many lenticcls on the younger branches; it rei:;emblcs
wild cherry bark somewhat in texture and slightly hitter tnstc.
'l'he flowers resemble those of Al�toniri constrict11, hut differ in hav­
ing corolla tubes about three times as long as the cnlyx, and shorter
pubescent lobes. The seeds are very numerous, oblong, dorsally
compressed, pale orange, slightly rough. The Lrce is found in
tropical Eastern Asia n.nd the Maln.y:111 Archipelago.
Provings.-See" Index to Provings, 11 by Dr. T. L. Bradford.
Preparation.-Tbe dried root is used in preparing the mother
tincture, ns directed unrlor Clnss l V.
I
"llHll11lf nf ,1 r111r nn,,•11••
 52-t IIOMCEOPATJIIC Pif A
RMACEUl'ICS.
AMYGDALUS PE IIOM<F.Ol'ATIIJC PIIAHMACEU'l'ICS. 525
RSICA.
Synonyms, Pcrsica Vulga fourth week, and is then ready for use. It must be kept in n dark,
Natural Order, Hosa ris. Prunus Pcrsica. Pea
ccro. ch-Tree. cool pince.'' The nhovo formula is take11 from a paper by Dr. Th.
TlH• peach-tree is supposed Clemens which appeared in the Deutsche Clinic, l\lnrch, 1859. In
Persia, hut llourishcs to have bee n originally brought from the formula given in the National Forrnulary ns Clemens' solu­
is of mcdiu111 size, andeve
ha
rywhere in ihe warm tem
perate zone. Ii tion, the bicarbonnle of. potaf'sium (llKCO,) is substituted for ihc
branches. The leaves s a l"lllooth brownish bark nnd spreading carbonate of potassiu111 (K, CO,), as given in the original formula,
inches long and about on are ali crnatl ', short petiolaic, three
e-third as wide, lanceolnt to five and will not. tum colorless n flcr four wee Im, as staled in the article
senate, green, and smoot e pointed, closely by Dr. Clemens.
April, arc axillary, sol h on bo th sid es. The Jlowers appear
in For translation of Dr. (;)erncns' article, sec Dr. Anshutz's "New,
color, and have ihe odoritary, subsessile, and of' n beautiful rose Old and Forgotten Remedies."
in 1111mhe1·, and the sta of hy dro cy an ic aci d. The petals are five
fruit is subglobulnr, wimens twenty-five, and a single ovary. The ASPIDOSPERMINE.
th n
lnining a Reed resembling hard and furrowed putamen, nnd con­
Provings.-Sce "Ind the almond. Formula, C22 H30 N 2 0.
Preparation.-The fr ex io Provings," by Dr. T. L. Dradford. This is nn alkaloid found in the hark of Jl,qpitlo,qperrna quebracho.
the ti11clure iR prepnrcd esh !lower is gathered in April, from which It crystnllizcs in needles or pointed prisms, and the pure amorph­
tions arc 111:ulc in accordas prescribed under ClasA llI, and dilu­ ous preparation, which is thai usually used, is a dark yellow pow­
class on page 2 I. ance with directions as der of n, decidedly bitter taste. It is soluble in GOOO parts of wnter
given under that
Alllount of clrng power of (at 60 ° F.), in 48 parts absolute alcohol and in lUU parts of ether.
tincture, L lt melts uL 206 ° C.
*ANTIMONIUM Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Aspido!-pcrmine is
ARSENITUM. triturated as directed under Clnss VII.
Synonym, Antimony
Formula, (Sb O,) As Arscnite. AVENA SATIVA.
Preparation an 2 0 + 3 H 0.
d Pr
n white nmorphous po operties.-" The arscnitc of antimony is
6
Synonym, Common Oat.
2

It may be prepared bywder, insoluble in water and dilute acids. Natural Order, Gramin:icero.
nntimony (Sb Cl,) with decomposing nn equivalent of chloride of Avena saliva, or common oat, was known lo the nncient�, being
one-third its weight of arsenous acid, which has been mixed with mentioned by Pliny and Dioscorides, and is now cultirnted in all
dis
ring, to dryn esE<. Wash tilled water. Heat, with constant stir­ civilized countries, but its origin hns not been satisfactorily ascer­
excess of arsenous acid."-thoroughly with much tained, though it grows wild in Sicily. It is an annual corn-grass,
water to remove the
arscnite is better obtaine Allg. Hom. Zeitung, Vol. 79, p. 7G. The of which there arc many Yarieties, supposed Lo have, in process of
a solution of potassium rl by ac;ding it soluble R::dt of antimony to time, originated from the wild oat (A. fatnci). It has an erect,
Preparation for Homce nrsenite. smooth culm · lenves broad-linear, rough above; panicle loose
ralcd as dil'l'cled under opathic Use,-The pu with slender, drooping uranchlets; spikelels two to four-flowered
Clnss VTI. re salt is tritu­ on slender, drooping peduncles; lower flower nwned; upper palca
ARSENICUM BR closely investing the gm.in.
OMATUM. Provings.-Swnn: Hom. 1'1,y.�., Vol. <i, p. 257.
Common Names, Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Thc fresh cntiro plant
Trihromidc of ArsC'nic. Clemens' Solution. Arscnous Bromide. is used to make the tincture, and should be gathered when in
Preparation and Prop flower. The tincture is prepared as directed under Class III, and
each arscnous acid and car erties.-Bring into sol
ution_one ounce the dilutions as giYen under that class on page 21. Succus avenm,
e tarlal'o) by.heating wit bonate of potassium (kali carbonicum a preparation made from the expressed juice of the plant, has also
ing, add suflicient water h eig ht ou nces distilled water; aft
er cool­ been used.
drachms pure bromine. to make twel l-c ouncl's. Then add two Amount of drug power, i.
eight days, should be fre "·1 his sol uti on, which, dul'ing the firs
quently shaken, becomes t
- colorless in the BEBEERINlE SULPHAS.
-
.
* This is the nRmc gi,·en in Allen's E,ic
yc/op,rdia of Jlfaterict ll{ed
ica. �ynony
_ _ms, nrhrcrirr- Rnlphnf:. Snlph:1tr of Tirhrrrinr.
 lllACEUTICS.
JIO:\ICEOPATllfC PUAR
526 L. Bradfo,
to � ro 1. s" b D r. T
11O.M<EOl'ATIIIC PJIARMACEUTICt!.
Provings .-See "Inc�ex a m 1 �� � ru fhed a�d triturnll'•
bark or nectandra. It is prepared by boiling the bark with carbo­ Preparation.-T)i e !tvc ni a b 11 er Clas�
nate of sodi u m to free it from tanin and coloring matter, after �
Ix .' n, trncture can also e repared as und
un cl c-r Cla
which it is exhausted by boiling in water ncidulated with su lphuric
SS

acid, and precipitating the alkaloidn.l mn.tter from ils solution by CALOTROPIS GIGA
NTEA.
carbonate of sodium. Dissolve the precipitate in weak s ulph uric . . A s clepins · proccra .. C:1I,
1 g' a ntea
acid n.ncl treat with animal charcoal; then concentrate, filter and Synon_Ym�,. Ascle �1ns _ G : \ l: d:1r , 1\1 dar .
r_a. Jn '.in dia, 1
is Hamillon11. C. I ioee
1 u
finally evaporate in thin layers in flat vessels. Caref ully a void any .
excess in acid. p Natural Order, Asclep 1 e . hei p;ht with thick, Lwi
rndace rc

In commerce, it occurs in brown, thin, translucent scales, having A Rhruh, re achin� fiftc31 f� ; :i11with a �inu te white ''"'
e , ee
a bitter taste, and is rarely pure. It is easily solu ble in water or brnncheR, hark ash-color ����\ I -o-1tlly ovate. Flowe hl'
rs r:1
alcohol. When pure, it is yellowish white in color, a nd should down. Lca".cs lar� , ayr I
arr ang d in_ um
{'i 1��h· Jong,
e

large on ped 1 c]ei; one-ha a1 , t hick , , u ile smooth, pmk, sh:_

e
lea,·e only a slight residue when incinernted.
!lll:t cup -sh
Preparation for Hom�opathic U s e.-The pure salt is trit u­ corymbs; cor 1;\ arL'l of the plant yield a nt1
ratcd as directed under Class VII. and. <lotl . • e cl with purp
le .
r.
m I m\in• , the sonthwc rn :
ste p 1
acn< 1 1111ce. lt is · found nnL1ve
. " )·11L. , r
A" • , :rncl Err
� l 'L • s , l>v., ]) t· · T · L. Bradfo I
BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA. 1 e t.o Prov1nrr
Pr ov ing s - See ,, I nc he p repared
Synonym s , l\fahonia Aqnifolia. l\Tou11lain Grape Ro ot. Ore­ er tin tu� e' sho ld
Preparation.-Tli e m ��hrd1. 11g to Chs
_. c u

gon Grape H.oot. f roo t, ncco . . .s IV .

the dri ed bn. r k o
Natural Order, Bcrbcridnccro. .
This is a tall shrub (abo u t six feet high), native of the western Amount of drug power, fo
section of the United States, 1111d is not rare in cnllivittion as nn A.
ornamental shrub. The leaves are nltcrnate, consisting of three CASCARA SAGRAD
. i olius. F
or four a 11d sometimes six leaflets. They arc evergreen, co riaceous, rshiana. Rl11a13m nus Aln f
Synonym s Rhamnus Pu k .
bright, smooth and shining, ovate, from two to three in ches long. m Bark. Sa crct ar
'l'he_v arc acute, sessile, pinate ly-veined and spin u loso margined. gula. P u rshinn'a. ChiLlemn
Natural O rder , R n h ac<t·'·. ' , f t United States I
The flowers are numerous, small, yellowish-green, anrl appear in is pla nt is fou n1l on tl_ 1c I :i c1fi c CO H t o he as high as Ii I
early spring, borne in fascicled, terminal racemes. The calyx hns Th. . n ort1 iw,a.rd l1 ru l > o1-' • all
�m • tree' '
Cn.hfornrn . lt 1s a !3 I t 11!-<',,
nine sepals, colored like the petals, and in two rows. The petals ir r .
tp ica 1 , n10s t acu te at the base o)
to tw en ty fe et; ha s e flowe r s are r:1
t le·tves' Th
e
are six (opposite to the six stamens), orbic u lar, and in rows of
t.iculate , an d somewhat p uhcs �e�ro;dh; �\,ovoid, threc-lohc �I,
three each. The fruit, known as'' Oregon Grape," is n cluster of , an
pu rple berries. lar�r in umhcllate cymc�.t:- lru Je� the hark is fo u ml in
sce cl d, hln k,_ 1,ac c,1 , �ray,�•·
Preparation.-The fresh bark_ of the root and plant. is used, thrre- e c
\1ill\ -�xtern:tlly smooth
nnd the tinct ure prepared according to Class III. The dil utions market in cur�c_<l p 1ecP-s � C'OJ, �nd �;mior the e xternal l:1ycr Im,
are prepnrcd as �i,·e n u nder this class on page 21. Limes wilh wh 1t11;h pntc�is r1 lt breaks wilh n nc:irly smooth I
Amount of <lrug power o f tinct ure, L the inner su rface ycllo\\ pot·assa, ancl has a, hiLterish taste an•
turc. is colorecl red by
near l y odorlces. , dfor•
l p.1 1•n�" , hy D r. T. T,. Hrn
Provings :-Sce,' '. Im�?\l�re fs" rr�i;arecl from the dried I
BLATTA ORIENTALIS.
SY,nonyms, Pariplaneta Orientalis. Kakerla.k. lllattina. Preparation.- 1 1 ie Ill
English: Indian Cockroach. Indian: Tal(Lpoen. according to Class IV. r, •
Natural Order, Orthoptern. , Amount of drug powe to
The Blatta oriental-is is a comm on insect in India, where it is
fou nd ab undantly, and from where it has spread throughout COCAINUM MURIA
TICUM.
Europe. It is found in dwelling-houses, mills, bakeries, breweries, I orn!'.
H ydroe11 C oc.n·•1·ne Hydrochlor
etc. It has rather a flat body, from an inch to a couple of inches Synonym�, Cocainrc
in length; deep, bro wn color. It can fly n short distance. The C ocaine M uriatc. ho 1 . (' . IT Nn TT ('1
wings reach beyond the body and cover it completely; the feet ChC'mic::tl Svm
have severnl segments, and aro provided with prickle!'. Tt Rrl'k"
damp, warm places and shunR thl' lirrht. 11111>""".; .... ·
 l!OMmOPATllIC PHARMACEUTICS.
528 BOM<EOPA'fllIC P llARMACEU'fICS.

cd-glohose, about the size

Preparation.-" It i s obtained by agitating with ether an aque­ Asia. The fruit is small, depress i n the fall.
pea, bright. reel, beco min g dark ]ale
ous solution of an acidulatecl alcoholic extract, made alkaline with ," New, Old and Forg,
carbonate of sodium; separating and evaporating the ethereal Provings.-Sec Dr. E. P. Anshutz
liquid; purifying the product by repenting the treatment with Re medies." ered when fully rip e is
aci<lulat ed water, carbonate nf sodium and ether; dccolorizing; Preparation.-Thc fresh fruit gath er Class III.
un
to prepare the tincture as directed
d
neutralizing with hydrochloric acid, and recrystallizing."-Br. Ph.,
1885. Amount of drug power, i.
Properties.-It is found in the form of colorless transparent .
crystals, or a white crystalline powder, without oclor, and slightly CUPHEA VISCOSISSIMA
bi tter taste. It benumbs tongue and lips. Soluble at G0 ° F. in Lythrum Petiolatum. Cu
Synonyms, Parsonia l'ctiol:tla.
0.48 parts of water, nnd in 3.5 parts of alcohol, also slightly soluble hcn. Tar W eed. Blue \
in cth<'r and chloroform. Pel iolata. E11gli�h: Clammy Cup
Tests.-Mnln_qan's: Dissolve 0.0G gm. Cor.ainc hyrlrochlor, in 60 w eed.
Natural Order, Lithrncerc.
parts ,rntcr; add 2 drops 10 per ce nt. 11.rn mo ni:t water and stir y, br:inching weed; g r< •
well. In time (15 minute s), if pu re, a crystnlli n o precipitate will This in an annual, very viscid, hair ois 1rnd sout.hward. I
to Illin
in dry fields from Connecticut
settle l\n d the liquid remain cle:tr. Sti ni ng with a glass rod aidl5 seeds, borno on one side <>
reaction. Pcrrncingcmatc Test: Dissolve 0.1 gm. of the salt in 5 e.c. ering in August and having Hat of the pod . Leaves sll'
ly forc ed out
of water and add 1 drop of the solution of potassium permanga­ placcnt:i., which is easi ova te, short-clawed, P'
nate (1 in 1000). The pink ti nt must re main at least half an petiolecl, ovate-lanccolate; petals, purple; petals ovate, cl:1
Flowers axillary, sho rt-p c dun clerl
sule de hiscent before the sec •
>
hour.
Provings.-Sce "Index to ProvinJ!S," by Dr. T. L .. Bradford. stamens sometimes twel ve. Cap side.
ripe, being ruptured throup;h on hut.z," New, Old and For1,:
e
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The salt is triturated
as directed under Class VII. Provings.-Sec Dr. E. P. Ans
Remedies." poun ued to a pul p nn
CORNUS ALTERNIFOLIA. Preparation -The fresh plant is f< III.
er Cl:is
tincture prepared :is directed und
Common Names, Alternate-Leaved Corne! or Dogwood. Amount of dru g pow er, f..
Natural Order, Cornacero.
LIA.
A shrub or small tree, \\'ith greenish branches; leaves sorncwhi1.t EC HINACEA ANGUSTIFO
alternate, oval, hoary beneath; drupes bluish-black; sterns ten to Rudhcckia Pa\licl:i.
fifteen or twenty feet, high: branches irregulnrly alternate, spread­ Synonyms, J3rauneria Pallida.
ing, streaked wit.Ii oblong white warts. Leaves about three inches Purple Conc-f1owcr.
long; petioles :i.hout :i.n inch in- length. Flowers yellowish-white, Natural Order, Co111posi trc.
and Wisconsin southwnrd
in depressed spreading cymes. It is indigenous, and is frefJu cnt; This pl ant is found from Ill inois prairies. Stem hispid, !'I
a, espe cia ly on
it J!l'OWs in llloist thickets, fence-rows, etc., flo wering in i\lay. ns 'l'<'xas and J\bbam l
\anccolate, :icule a nd narro1•
Provings.-Seo" [ndex to Provings," by Dr. T. L. Br:ulfonl. one lo three feet high. Leaves , tlw
Preparation.-'l'hc mother tincture should be prepared from e ach end, three-nerved
, entire, three lo eight inches lonJ! or�
oled , the u ppc r short-p ctioletl
the fresh hark of the ro ot, according to Class III. and basal oneg slendcr-peti
the rnys l ong, droopinJ!, p i,:·
Amount of drug pow er, A. hc:i.ds m:tny flowered, radiate, les of the in volucr e imht"
but sterile, rose color or red. Sca
clc conical; lhe lanceol:1l1·
CRAT.JEGUS OXYACANTHA. lanceol:tte, spreading. Reccplaint, longer than the disk 11
tipped with a cartilaginou s po
Synonyms, English Hawthorne. Haw. White or May Thorn. -sided. Pappus a srnall-l•
He< ll!e-Thorn. l\Iay Bush. Quickset. Achcnia. thick and short, four
Natural Order, Rosacere. bord�r. ngs," by Dr. T. L. Ilrn
dl
A shrub, or small tree, having stout thorns from one t.o two inches Provings.-See "Index to Provi plant, gathered in J •
-long; leaves sl cnder-petiolcd, glahrous on both sides, wedge-form Preparation.-Thc entire fresh to a pulp, and the Ii
nded
at the base, and o ne to two inches long. Corymbs many-flowered; August when it blooms, is pou
are acco rd ng t o Cl:iss III.
peclicle and calyx gl:tbrous, not glandular; flowers broad, white or prep d i
A ,,,,,,,nf ,,f ,lr11tr 1)()\\'f'l". 1.
pi1�k; fl owf'ring in J\fay or .J11nf'. Tt, is :1 n:1ti1·0 nf' l�11rn111• •11,.1
530 IIOM<EOPATIIW Pl_lARMACEUTICS.
FAGUS SYLVATICA.
Synonyms, European Beech. Red Beech.
Natural Order, Uupilif'errc.
The beech is a fine, large, straight tree with straight, smooth
stems �nd )nrge dense crown; nl_though 11. symmetrical and hand­
some t1cc, it has been ne_ glected 111.tlus country as an ornamental
shade_ tree. It has sten]e yellowish flowers in small heads 011
droop111g peduncles, with dcci ?uous scale-like bracts; calyx bcll­
shapc�. Nuts sharply three-sided, usually two in each involuerc.
The 1_.,Liropean beech has leaves often similar to those of the
American beech, Fnglls sylvaticus, but usually shorter and broader•
the border often nearly entire, is wavy in some varieties and i�
?thers deeply pinatifid. The bark in most varieties is clarirnr than
m the J\1ncrican: This beech, with its numerous varieties ' is the
one usually cultivated.
Provings_.-Sce "Index to l'rovings," by Dr. T. L. Bradford.
. Preparat10ns for Homceopathic Use.-The mother tincture
)� prcpn�·ed from the fresh, ripe beech-nuts according to Class IV.
Inlurat1ons of the nuts arc prepared according to Class VU.
Amount of drng power of the tincture,�-
FERRUM PICRICUM.
Synonyms, Ferri Picrns. Picrate of Iron. Carbnwtale of Iron.·
Ferric l'icratc.
Symbol.-C6 H, (NO,), .OFe.
P�epa:ation and Properties.-Ferric picratc may be prepared
b� d!g?strng l?ur� cry?ta.lli:r.ed picric acid with an excess of recently
p1cc1 p1tnted ferric ox�de and water at a gentle heat, until the acid
has drnnppeared, fillcnng, nncl cvnpornting the filtrnte :it n tempcrn­
lt�rc bc_low 190 ° C. (21� ° F.). Thu:c; prepared it is n.morphous, rcd­
�lish-lnown_ 111 mass, hght _ colored 111 powder, of a11 nstringent and
111tcnsclr bitter nnd pers! stent taste. Only a portion of this is'
sol�()le m wat�r n�tcr hnvmg be�n evapornled to dryness, nnother
po1twn bccommg msolnhle. Like n.11 picrntcs it is explosive n.nd
the crude should be handled cn.rcfully. This drug was introd'uced
hy Dr. Cooper.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The pure salt is tritu­
rntcd as directed un<ler Class VII.
FRAXINUS AMERICANA.
Common Name, White Ash.
Natural Order, Oleaccro.
The while �sh is a large forest tree, with gray furrowed bark,
smooth, grc�msh-grny branchlcls, and rust-colored buds. Brnnch­
lets ancl yeti oles glabrous; lea flcts seven to nine, ovate or lance-ob­
long, pornted, pale and either smooth or pubescent underneath
S?mewhat toothed or en�ire; flowcrs _ dicccious, the en lyx of the pis�
till:1.te prcsc11t ancl persistent; fn11t tcrctc and marginlei:s below,
HOM<EOPATIIIC PHARMACEUTICS.
ahovc extended into n. lanceolate, oblanceolntc, or wedf..( 1
wing. h grnws in rich wootlH from Nova Scotia to Mi,
and south to the Gulf of Mexico. lt blooms from April t•
Provings.-See" Index to Provings," by Dr. T. L. Brad
Preparation.-The inner bark, together with the bn.rk
root, is used to make a tincture according lo Class III,:
dilutions from this tincture are ma.lie in accordance with
rections givcn under tlrnt class on page 21.
Amount of drug power of the tincture, L
FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR.
Common Name, European Ash.
Natural Order, Olcn.ccro.
This species cif ash is indigenous to Europe, nn<l is cu It i
this country for shacle and ornament.
The characteristics of this variety arc: Jen f1els, 11 to I:
scssile, lanccolatc oblong, acuminalc, serrate, wedgc-slrn.1H•tl
Flowers n:tked, somewhat direcious, n.nd so the fruit docs,
on all the trees. Keys linear-oblong, obtuse, oliliquely-11•
npcx. One of the most interesting varieties is known,
cnclsior var. 7Jcncluln, or Weeping ash.
Provings.-Scc "New, Old ·and Forgotten Remeclic�.
·K I'. J\m;hulz.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Thc mother t i
prepared fron1 the frci;;h lcnvcR, :tccording lo Clas!:! HI.
Amount of <lrug power,¼.
GAULT_HERIA PROCUMBENS.
Synonyms, G:rnltheria. Humilis. Gaultiern Repen�.
I
Wintergreen. Mountain Ten. Dccrberry. Tcal,erry.
Chcckerhcrrv.
Natural Order, Ericnccro.
This is a small, indigenous, shrubby, evergreen pl:11
Jong, crcC'ping, horizontal stem, which sends up at inlNv
two erect slender, round, reddish branches. These :,
below, lc:{fy at top, and usually less than eight inches J,,
leaves arc n.ltcrnate, scattered, coriaceous, shining, ovnl P'
acute at both cncli-;, furnished with a few smnll serrat•
tcnnin:tting in a hrist,lc. The flowers are few, tlroopin).!
white, in round downy st:dks; t.wo-brnctcol:tte under t
coroll n. ovoicl-urceolatc, white, five-toothed: fruit clcp,
bose, slightly five-lobed, bright rerl, mealy, very spiC)'.
The flowers appear from May to September, and the Jr,
at corresponding periods.
Provings.-See "Index to Provings," by Dr. T. L. n,
Preparation.-Thc tincture should be prepared from
leaves n.ccording to Class III. The distilled oil from th,
Gmilth er ia procumbens is used and dispensed in one- 01
tahlrt�.
532 lIOM<EOPATl:lIC PHARMACEUTICS.
GLANDUL.lE THYROIDI.lE.
i;non �ame, 'l�h_vroicl Glnnd. Thyroid Glnntl of the Sheep­
,�on;
-� he l hy_roicl _gland 1s a very vrtscular organ which covers the an­
ter�or a1Hl 111fcnor part o� tl_ie larynx, and first rings of the trachea•
It 1s formed of several dist 111ct lobules, collected into two lobes.
To r;n:cpare the thyro�d gland for medicinal use, according to
t)ie J3ntish Pharmacoprern, remove the external fat and connective
tissue from the glands taken [rom sheep immediately after killing.
Cut the �lancls across, �nd re_Ject any which contain cysts, are hy­
pertrophied, or otherwise abnormal. l\'lince finely, n.nd dry at a
tempcrnture _ of !J0 °-100 ° F.; p _ owder the dried product; remove
all fi:t '.rom it by_ treatm_ent witl � pctrolcui:n spirit, and again rlry
the :residue: It 1s dc �cribed ns , a yellowish, amorphous powder,
havmg a sltg!1t, rccuhar odo_r, and containing the acti vc ingredicnt
of the thyroid tissue; partrnlly soluble in water." U. S. P. It
should be kept in well-stoppered bottles, to keep it from moisture
and deterioration.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-Thc dry powder is
trituratccl as directed under Class VII.
HELLEBORUS FCETIDUS.
Common Name, Bear's foot.
Natural Order, Ranunculnccrc.
. This ii:: :t pcrenn_ial species intligcr:ous ii: most part.'! of Europe,
rn pastures and thickets, most plcnt1fully rn a calcareous soil. It
has an offensiv� odor, �nd flowers in March and April. Flowers
n urnerous, pa111elcd, with large ovate bracts ' and con vergin" .., green
sepal� often tipped with purple.
Provings_.-Allen's Encyclop. IV, pngc 564.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-'l'he mother tincture is
prr,parcd from the dried root, according to the directions as given
under Class IV.
Arnount of drug power, T1a.
HELODERMA HORRIDUS.
Synonyms, Escorpion. 'l'ola-Chini of the Aztecs. Gila l\fon­
stcr. Crw,t Lizard. Mexican Ca.ltetepon. Krustenechse. Called
by Cope, IIelorlerma Suspectum.
Natural Order, Saurii.
The heloderma is classed as follows: Order: Snurii. Lnccrtilia
Lizards. Sub order: 5. Fissilinguin.. Family: Lacratidm. He­
loclerma h�rridu�1 of Mexico. Callee! heloderma from its skin hr.ing
studclccl with n:ul or tubercle-like heads. The Gila monster iR a
native of Arizona, New l\lexico nn,l Texas. It is smaller than the
Mexican variety. It is the only lizard whose character is not
above rep!·oach, l_ience tl�e name. _Zoology says: "An esquamnte­
tongued ltz:trd with ela.v1cles not drlated proximally, a post-orbital
arch, no post-fr?nlosquamm;al nrch, the pre- :rncl post-frontnlR in
,•nnf•1r•I c.•,•n•11""''"•r f l ... r...... 1.,1 r ,...... fl . ..1 : ,
IIOMCEOPATUIC PllARMACEUTICS.
Brehm states that by actual experiment this animal w:
not to he poi Rono11s, but other authorities do not agree "
Provings.-Scc '' Index to l'royi11gs, " by,!)r. '1�. L. l_lr:
Preparation for _Homceol?ath1� U�e.-I_ h e virn R 1s
by irritating the a111mal and 111duc11:g it _to ?1tc on gln_f-�
means :1 few drops of a. pasty yellowish hqrnd are obta.111•
is to be tritnra.ted according to Class VII.
HYDRANGEA ARBORESCENS.
\
Synonyms, Hydrangea Vulgaris. Seven Barks.
drnngea.
Natural Order, Saxifragace:c.
The wilc l hyrlrangea is a smooth_ shrub, which _is quill·
i n the Susquehanna tmu Schuylkill valleys. It 1s foundI
banks from Pennsylvania to Illinois and_ soutl_iward.
g:
which arc often all sterile, rarely all radiant, like the
drnngea, are numerous, smtdl, white, becon� ing r�seatc?:
.
in fastigiatc cymes. The cnlyx-lube 1s hemispherrcal, 01_µ
ribbed coherent with the ovary. Petals ovate, val\'alc i•
Stame:1 s eight to ten, slender. Leaves opposite, p�ti11
rarely heart-shaped, _ po_inted, serra_te, _ green both SHI<·1
stipulcs. The bark 1s 111 layers of different colors.
July.
1;herc is no proving of thiR remedy, hut it has bcCJ:i 11
school aR well as by tho old school and by l11c nclcctr<:�.
Preparation.-'I'he fresh root is used for making_ tli
which is prepared according to Class III, and the ddu1
cordancc with directions given 11ncler that class on pa;..r,
Amount of drug power or the tincture, A.
HYOSCYAMINUM SULPHURICUM.
Synonym, Hyoscya.min:c Sulphns.
Common Name Hyoscyaminc Sulphate.
Symbol.-(C 17 H;, NO,), °If, SO,._
:i
This is the sulphate of a.n .tlkaloid foui:id 111 )1yoscy
and other solnnaceous pl:tnts. It comes 111 wlute cry
!-1
der and is oclorless of a bitter, acrid taste, deliquescP1
1
sol�1blc in w.iter. 'rt is isomeric with atropin, nncl I
from the_ latter i1! havin g a lower meltin g J "
tinguishcd
cyaminc sulphate d1ssol_ve� 111 �-5 parts of _ al�ohol, �nd
10 parts; it _is _ furth�r cl1sltng�11shccl from 1t.c; isori:icnc,
t,
yellow prec1p1tate formed with the_ gold c)i)onde 1
when crystallized from :t smn.11 quantity of b01)mg �vn.l<•11 1
with hydrochloric acid, is deposited, on coolmg, 1_11 :
trous, golden-yellow scales. H�ated to redness with
it is consumed ancl leaves no rcsiclu e.
Preparation for Homreopathic Use. The pnrn
ratetl wilh sugar of milk, n.s directed under Class VII.
t •·.. 1 , II
 534 IIOM<EOPATllIC PIIARJ\IACEUTICS.
JIOMillOPATlllC PHARMACEUTICS.
LATHYRUS SATIVUS.
� LEMNA MINOR.
Synonyms, Kosaroe. Tooroo. White or Chickling Vetch.
P<'n. Chick Synonyms, Duckweed. Loi-scr Duckweed.
Natural Order, Log uminosrc. Natural Order, Lo111nacc1c.
Lemna rninor is found ns green scun� on J�ond� lak 1
(\ nnliYo of the south of ]J;urope, with flower
s generally
bng hl hl u e color and winged pods. Stems winged; leaves of a n nn t waters t hrougho u t Nor th Am�ri.�
a, be ow 110 :i�
a
,;1\,
1
one pair of leaflets; lcn.0ots linear-oblong. Tendrils trifid; wit h we11 n s on t h e other continents It 1 s t h e lowest form of ·J l 1·1
stip ules is dcstit u lo of distinct ste11
scmi-sagiUato, ovate, ciliated, har dly the length of the petioles. ogamous vo"e·tati·on" •1•1 1 ·1s· J)l�nt
fr1 g b in° merolv· a fl:i.t frond, h:w111g flowers prod ucc cl f·1
<
•

Peduncles 1-flowcred, longer than the petioles, brnctcolato

nrtic u latod al t he apex. Calcine segmenls lanceolato, folincooancl c1e f� i�� tl�e 1�nrgin of the frond, usually t hree together s urrou
almost three times t he lengt h of the tube. Legumes ovate, u s,
by a s tl e. The fronds are roun clish-obovate, about t wo
.
short, irreg u larly reticuln.tccl, winged on t he back. Seeds t
bronc! 1ong, �1f�c� grouped ovule half-anatropous; fruit symnH:1
f-moo th, rnt hcr truncate.
r ig onnl: . ,. horizontal > with prominent, roundo<l
SU bt Urb"111«nto , send
Provings.-See "Index to Prnvings," by Dr. T. L. Ilr11dfo cu
Preparation for Homceopatl}ic Use.-T ho ripe seedsrd. �l�-vings.-See "New, Old a n d Forgotten Remedies," I,
u sed to prepare the tinctur
ar c E P. An sh utz. . .
e n.cco.rding to Class 1 V. · Preparation.-The tinct ure 1s 1?rcp1:red �ccor c1_m · g t O CI-F
Amo unt of dru g power, .; .
·\

and the dilutions in accordan ce with d1rect1on s g iven un<lc1

LACTRODECTUS MACTANS. cln ss on pnge 21. .
Amoun t of drug power of the tmcture, "·
i
This insect Lolongs to the gen us of rotitelarian spiders, of
family 'J'hcridiidcc. "This is t he largest s pide r of the family t h e LIATRIS SPICATA.
.
is somotin1os half an inch long, with the ah(lomon roun<l :uid It Synony�s, Lacinaria.Spicata. Gay-feather. Colic Root. I 1
whole hod_y black, except a bright ro<l spot underneath and the
one or Bit. Button Snakeroot. .
more red Rpols over the spinnerets and :tlonir the micldlo of
th Natural Order, Co111pos1tro. . .
back. The spots turn yellow or white in alcohol. T he cephalo­e T h is is a n indigenous perennial _plant gr �ts,g \n moS<l ()t\�
t horax is ahout ns wi<le ns long, and the groo ves between m oist gro u nds through o ut the Middle an out 1 ern t:1.
the
head and thorax are deep. The lateral eyes arc fart h er ajmrl than has a tubero us root, and an er ect ann u3:l stem_, smoo!1 '. 01.
u sual in tl1is f:1111 ily. T he logs of th e male arc m uch larger than what hairy, very Jcitfy. T he ste m termn�ates_ 111 a sp ike o\
t hose of the fcm:tlc, and each joint is orange-brown in the middle tiful nr le, compound flowers, appen.nng ! n Aug ust . '
nnd bl:ick at th e ends. '1']10 abdomen of t he male has a row of line�/th� lower three to five nerved ; heads eight to ton fio
red and while spots in the llliddlc line, as some fem:tles do, and Sca1eJ of the cylindrical� bcll-shal?ed involucre oblong or
ncross the front end and along the sides four· pairs of stripoR, r
ed
0btuse oppressed with slight margms. . ,, 1
in tl1r middle and white at tl1c edges. The yo ung of hot h sexe!! Pro�ings.-Se� "Now, Old and Forgotten Rcmod1es,
arr colored son1cwlrnt like the male, and when very small ha E P· Anshutz. .
ve
very lit.li e black on them. The malrs being only a quarter
ns ·p aration for Homceopath1c Use.-TI 1e mother t"111<:·I
large as th e fcmnle s. This spider makes its nest among loose pre1;:i�d from the fresh root,, ns described under Class III.
stones. on planls, o r in houses. Around its hiding-place it spins Amount o f drug power, i.
a large, f unnel-shaped tent, that widens into a flat or curved sh
eet MALARIA OFFICINALIS.
of w<'h, closer in textur e town r tl the t u be and more open toward
the edges, spreading two or t hr ee feet over plants and stones.
It Common Na:me, Decay ed vegetable matter.
J:
is found all o ver the United States, as far nor th ns l\Iassachusctts This preparation was first prepared and pro ved b\P r.
1111<1 New lf:1111pshire, antl so u th through Florida, the \Vest Indies, I d. H pr ce d d as foll ws: ogeta. e m:1
f For t Wayne
i,
e e o

different form;, which was covered w_ith water _and k,ept at

nnd So uth A mcrica as far us Chile."-Common Spiders, by Emm
er ­
ton.
Preparation.-Tho spider is caught during the month of Sep­
tember, and is l riturated as directed unde r Class VII, and dilu­
tions are mnde from the 6x tr ituraticin lege artis.
n e o
pei-at m. e of 9Q° F ., was decomposed 111 a glass Jar. 'I he de<
sition passed throu!J;h three stngcs, ancl at ea? 1 I p eriod soml'
su ernatant liquid 1s ta.ken an d preserved with alcohol_. ,,
} rovings.-See "New, Old and Forgotten Remedies, I
E. P. A nshutz.
 536 HO.MCEOPAl'HIC PHAR.MAC
EUTICS. HOM<EOPATllIC PilAR!IIACEU'fICS.
Preparation for Homa:opathi
pnrctl a,- follows:- c Use.-Thc tinctures nrc pre
­ NARCISSUS.
No. 1. ls the liquid that stood Synonyms, Nn.rcissus Pscuclo-nnrcissus. Daffodil.
week, to which is added an equ 011 the vcgctnLlc matter for one Natural Order, A111aryllid:1ccrc.
No. 2. ls made with equal par al part by weight of alcohol.
liquid taken from the vegetable ts by weight of nlcohol and the This is a. perennial, bulbous planL, native of the c•·•
position for two weeks. matter tl 1 at has undergone decom northern parts of Europe. The leaves arc broadly li111
­ not keeled; flowers Rolitn.ry, seen Liess, or a feeble peen
No. 3. Is mnde by adding to som with a broad, clcep yellow, tubular coronet, as long as Lh<·
weight of the liquid from vegetab e alcohol an equal amount by
posing for three weeks. le matter that has been decom­ which nre paler. The stamens arc six, :tttachccl to th,
Amount of drug power,½. tube, nnd included in the flower. The pistil consists or
inferior ovary, a slender style, and a 3-lobcd stigma. TI
MERCURIUS CUM KALI globul ! u·, white intcrnnlly, has a blackish coat, and n. hi
JODATUS. laginous taste. The seeds are numerous.
Synonyms, l\Iercurius Potnssi Preparation for Homa:opathic Use.-1\lother Linet,
Iodide. Iodohydrargyrate of Pot um Iodide. Potassio-mcrcuric parcel from the entire plant, inclucling the bulb, as din·,·
Symbol, 2 (Hg I,, Kl) + 3 H,Oasi,ium. Class lII.
When a hot solution of potassiu . Amount of drug power, ¼.
cur ic iodide, Hg I2, and then allo m iodide is saturated with mer­
solved mercuric iod wed to cool, one-third of the dis­ NEGUNDO.
ide crystallizes out. On concen
· mother liquor, yellow prisms trating the Synonyms, Acer Ncgundo, L. Negundo Accroid,
obtained, which are soluble in of mercuric potassium iodide are Nogun<lo Ncgundo, Knrsl.
decomposed by water. This saltnlcohol and ether, but arc partly Common Names, l3ox Elder. Ash-leaved Maple.
curic chloride, Hg Cl., to an exc is also produced by adding mer­ Natural Order, Sapindacere, Gray. Aceracerc, Brillo,
nction or heat this salt gives off ess of potassium iodide. By the This is an indigenous, handsome tree, growing nlong,
from which mercuric iodide sep water, then melts to a reel liquid, from Vermont, Ontario and ·Manitoba, south to Flori
Preparation for Homa:opaara thic
tes. l\'1exico and New Mexico. It grows as high as sixt.y
abo,·e is triturated with sugar of Use.-Thc snlt obtainccl as feet, with n. trunk diameter of two to three feet. Flow<·r
milk ns directed under Class VII
. dro oping, very small, sterile, and in clusters are capill:11
MULLEIN OIL. they are greenish and appearing a little before the lea,
This prcpnrntion, which is minuLc, four to five cleft: petals none. Leaves petiolcd
time, was introduced to thequimed te extensively used at the presen three to five foliolnte; lcaflet.c, smoothish when old,
Cushing. Terming it an oil is ical p ro fession by Dr. A. M.t ovate, pointed, toothed. Fruit smooth, with large rnt
rath
sense an oil, but the name is reta er unfortunate, as it is in no wings.
use as such, and there has bee ined, as it has come into popula Provings.-See "New, Old ancl Forgotten Reme1li
r
name. I\Iullein oil is a sun-rlis n no effort made to change the E. P. Anshutz.
subRtitutc of the preparation, tillccl extract or essence, nnd the Preparation.-Thc bark of the root is used in pr
flowers in olive or some other made b,Y macerating the Mullein tincture acconling to Clnss III. The dilutions from tl
made possible by the term oil, oil, which substitution has been are 111:itlc n.s clirectcd under thnt clnss on page 21.
the properly made essence. Mucan in no way take the place of A mounL of drng power of the tincture, t
hn,·ing an aroma.tic odor partak llein oil is a dark b rown liqu
ing id
Preparation.-Fill a. jar wit sorncwhnt of the oclor of snuff. ONOSMODIUM VIRGINIANUM.
which are in full bloom, of the h the per fectly fresh blossoms, Synonyms, Lithospc:rmum Vi1=ginianum. Falsr
and place in direct sunlight for Verbascmn thapsus, cork tightly, GrnYrl \Vrcd. \\'ild Job's Tears.
there will be n. thin liquid distillefour or five weeks. By that time Natural Order, Borrnginacerc.
d, which condenses
of the jar and collects
on the bottom. Mix with 10on the sides This plant is a perennial herb found growing fro111
alcohol. per cent. of to li'loridal in dry, hilly grounds. Calyx five-parted; tl
Provings.-See '' New, Old and linear nnd erect. Corolla tubular or tubular-funnel-I
K P. Anshutz. F'.orgotten Remedies," by Dr. in throat; corolla rather longer thnn cnlyx. The fivr
converging; anthers oblong-arrow-shaped on very slw
538
llOMCEOPATIIIC PUARMACEUTICS.
filarn,cnts, inserted in the throat of the corolla. Style thrend­
form, much exsertcd. Nutlets bony, ovoid, smooth, fixed by the
hasc; the scar minute, not holl owed out. Clothed all over with
harsh am! rigicl oppressc<l bristles· stems rather slend er one to
two feet high; leaves narrowly �blong, or oblong-hu;ceolate.
Flowerinµ; from June to August.
Provings _.--See "Index to Provings," by Dr. T. L. Bradford .
Prep�rat101;.-The _ fresh plant, incluf�ing the root, is collcctc<l,
f!· om wlneh a tm? turc 1s prepared accord111g to Class llI, and dilu­
tions arc made 111 accord ance with directions given under that
class Oil page 21.
Amount of drug power of the tincture, A.
OXYTROPIS LAMBERTI.
Synonym, Spiesia Lamberti.
Common Names, Loco-weed. Crazy Weed. Colorado Loco­
vetch.
Natural Order, Leguminosre.
This is one of the weed s growing in the grazing regions of the
,�estern United S_tates, a�ecting peculiarly sheep, cattle, and espe­
CJally horses, wh1?h pc_rs1stently ea� _it. N o active principle has
been located, but its poisonous qualities havina caused the destruc­
tion of considerable stock, is apparent. It is described by Coulter
as follows: "Commonly taller as well as larger (than other species)
the scape, ofte:1 a foot or m�re high, silky- and mostly silvery-pu�
bes?cnt, somet1mes _ glabrntc m ag�; leaflets from oblong-lanceolate
to linear (4 to 16 Imes long); spike sometimes short- oblong and
densely flowered at least when young, often elongated and sparsely
flowered ; flowers mostly large (often an inch long but so metimes
much smal_ler), variously coloi:ed; pod _ either narrbwly or broadly
?blong, senceous pubescent, f1rm-c oriaccous, � inch or m ore long,
imperfectly 2-celled. . Comm on along the Great plains fr om the
Salmtchewan and Mmnes ota to New Mexico, Texas, etc., and in
the footl1ills."
P rovings.-See
_ "Index to Provings," by Dr. T. L. Bradford.
Pre�arahon.-Thc tincture is prepared from the dried leaves
acc ord111g to Class IV. The dilutions are made from this tincture
as directecl on page 22.
Am o unt of drug power of the tincture, I'�.
PHASEOLUS NANA.
Common Name, Dwarf Bean.
Natural Order, Leguminosre.
Th)s is an erect dwar[ a111�ual, supposed to have been originally
a native of Western Asia. fhere are numerous varieties. Calyx
5-toothed or 5-cleft; keel of the corolla, with the included stamens
a.nd styles, spirnlly coiled _ or twisted, or cnrved int o a ring. Sta­
_
mens diadel)?h_ous. Pod Im ear or scythe-shaped. Cotyledons thick
an� flesh , nsmg out ?f. the gro und nearly unchanged in germi­
nation. /'fhey are tw111111g or prostr:ite hf'rhR, wit.h pinnat.Pl_v 3-
HOMCEOPATIIIC PHARMACEUTICS.
foliolate stipelhte leaves. The variety of Ph�se_olus Nand1fl � °, 1
is one of the most freque ntly cultiv ::i-ted vanet1 e � and 1
other varieties in having a low, straight stem. l�e p ods
-,
the kidney shaped beans, which are the part used m h �m(;.
Provings.-See '' New, Old and Forgotten Remedies,
E. P. Anshutz. . , . .
Preparation for Homreopath1c Use.-fhe tmctm(•
ared from the dry beans accor?ing to CJa1,s y I . The '
this class
from this tinctur e are made as directe d under Oil
Amount of drug power of the tincture, tu•
PISCIDIA ERYTHRINA.
Synonym Ichthy omethia Piscipula.
Common 'Names, Jamaica. or White Dogwood.
Natural Order, Legurninosro.
The Jamaica d ogwood is a small tr�e of the West Ind1
what resembling the locust tree, growmg about 20 feet_ Ii
]eaves are impari-pinnate, with about seven ov'.'te entir,
which are opposite. Racemes �ater::i-1,_ precocious, �-,\\·
whitish or d eep red fl owers; ped1cles_Jomted above. l Ii1
the trunk is heavy brown coa.rse-gramed, and Yery d ur:
bark, which is the' portio1� used, �omes in gri!ls abo ut
diameter, or in flat or curved se?t10ns 1 to 2 mches l?r:•
covered with a corky layer, havmg a pale orange-whit<
orange-brown,somewhat wrinkled appearance. _When Ii•
bark ha!:> a narcotic odor resembling that of oprnm.
Provings.-See '' Ind�x to Provings," by Dr. T. L. l�•
Preparation for Homreopathic Use.-Thc bark_ 1
preparing the tincture ncc ordin� to Class IV. The clil•
prepared from the tincture as directed on page 22.
Amount of drug power of the tinctur.c, fu.
PODOPHYLLIN.
Synonyms, Podophyllinum. Resina Podophylli.
Podo phyllum. . . .
The process for preparmg the podophy1lm as g1\'
Bruis h Pharmacopceia is RS follows: "Podophyllum 1 1
No. 40 powder, 400 grammes; 3:lcohol . (�O per cent.),
centimetres or a. sufficient quantity ; d1stillcd water, h.1
acid, of each a sufficient q�iantity. Exhaust tl�e p�•
with the alcohol by percolation; place the res?,ltmg t11
still· recover the greater part of the alcohol; ac1dulate \ I
wat�r with one-twenty-fourth of its �ulk of hydro?hl_o n•
slowly pour the liquid, w�ich remams after th� d1st1lla
tincture into three times its volume of the ac1dula.ted ·
stantly �tirrin.g; · allow the m ixture_ to stand for �wen�y-_
to deposit the resin· wash the resm on a filter with dis(.,
'llnd dry it at a temperature not P;XCe�(ling 100 F." . It
°
by authorities that the more scientific term of resiiw

540 110.MCEOPATHIC PllAR.MACEUTICS.
shoul�l be used, and the long used term of Podophyllin is inap­
propnate and therefore Hhould be abandoned. It is "an amor­
phou � p�1�der, g_rn.yish-white to pale greenish-yellow, having a
peculiar faintly bitter taste. Permanent in the air. Soluble in alco­
hol in all proportions; boiling water dissolves 80 per cent.' n.nd
dcpositi-; most of it agn.in on cooling."-U. S. P.
Provings.-Sec "Index to-Provings," by Dr. 'l'. L. Brn.dford.
Preparation.-Make a trituration of the resin according to
Class VII.
RADIUM.
Synonyms, Radium Bromatum. RaLlium Bromide.
Formula, R.
Properties and Preparations.-Rn.clium bromide of the
highest purity is a yellowish salt. The richest source of radium
is the mineral known as pitchblende-an impure oxide of uranium.
In the process of purification, it is first obtained prccipita,ted aR a
sulphate, together with the sulphates of lead, barium and calcium
the precipitn.te containing also smaller quantities of silica, alumin�
and oxitle of iron and more minute quantities of the metals,
copper, bismuth, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, zinc man �anese arsenic
antimony, thallium, as well as the rare earths: niobmm t�ntalum'
etc. From these the radium is gradually concentrated l�y a labori�
ous process of fractional crystallization until the crystals attain a
radio-activity of two million or more times that of uranium. The
pr_eparation _of an absolut�ly pure radium salt is impossible, oh­
tamed by this process. It 1s usually prepared either as a chloride
or ns a bromide.
Tests.-The purity or degree of refinement may be tested by
means of a.n electroscope or also by the fluoroscope· its relative
radio-activity to that of uranium is thereby dctcrmin�d:
Provings. -Thc bromide of radium has been proved by Dr.
J. H. Clarke, of London, and also by Dr. Wm. H. Dieffenbach
et al., of New York City.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use.-The radium bromide
of the highest radio-activity obtainable is triturnted as directed
under Class VII.
SABAL SERRULATA.
Synonyms, Serenoa Serrulata. Chamrerops Scrrulata. Saw
Palmetto.
Natural Order, Pnlmrc.
This palm grows abundantly in the sandy soils of the sea coast
and sea islands of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, and
somewhat beyond. There are five distinct species of palmetto
indigenous to the United States. Sabal serndata is the only species
in which the edges of the leaf and petioles are serrate. This grows
six to ten feet high. The berries arc oblong-ovoid, of a purple
IIOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS.
?olor and of t_he size _of a sr�iall olive. "Stem creeping, l,
mg; leaves circular 111 outline, fan-shaped, bright green,•
than the slender, piano-convex, more or less spiney-edgecl, I
aculeatc serrate.
Provings.-See "Index tu Provings," by Dr. T. L. Brad
. Preparation._ -The fresh, ripe berries are used to pn
tmcture acco!·chn� to _Class . III, and the dilutions are 11
accordance with d1rect1011s g1 vcn under that class on pagr
Amount of drug power of the tincture, L
SALIX NIGRA AMENTS.
The tree is described under Salix nigrn. A tincture
parcel from the catkins, which arc peculiar scaly, unisexnl
borne on _short stalkH. These arc gathered about the first,
and th_c tmcturc must be made from the absolutely fresh :,
the dned amcnts arc useless for medicinal purposes. Set•
American Di�pensatory.
Provings.-Sec "New, Old and Forgotten Remedies,''
E. P. Anshutz.
Preparation.-Tincture is prepared according to Class
Amount of drug power, i.
s&LOL.
Synohym, Phenylis Salicylas.
Common Name, Phenyl Salicylate.
It is a_ white cry�talline powder with scarcely any color ,
Al�ost msoJuble 111 water, but soluble in 10 parts of al,·
15 C. and _m � pa i:ts of ether. It may be prepared by
together salicylic acid and phenol in the presence of plw•
oxy�hlorid�. �t is _also prepared by a patented process hv
heating salicylic acid to a temperature of about 225 ° C. ii,
an_d excludir�g the air by keeping the vessel filled with ,
acid gas, wl11c}1 gas together with water is also a. prod U<''
decomposition which escaping leaves the Salo! behind.
By_ adding a dilute ferric chloricle test-solution to an :1'
solution o(' salol the liquid acquir�s a violet tint, but cloud
produced 1f the solution of sn.lol 1s added to the ferric ,.
lt melts at about 43 ° C., and when heated on platinu11
burns and leaves no residue.
. P�eparations for Homceopathic Use.-Tbe pure cl
1s tnturated with sugar of milk as directed under Class VJ
SAURURUS CERNUUS.
Common Names, Nodding Saururus. Lizard's Tail.
weed.
Natural Order, Sn.ururac;re.
1:his is a rathe � sca�·ce pe:ennial plant growing in the I
Umtecl States, bemg found 111 swampy localities on the ma1
 UTICS.
542 IIOM<EOPATIIIC PllARM ACE HOMCEOPA'fHIC PHARMACEUTI•

ina lc,
ves n.re sngittate-cord ate, acum tincture accor
_ di�g to Class III. The <lilutio rn=
pools a'nd _streams.. The le�ry, and un dern eath pale-green. _Its cordance with di rections given on page 21.
petiolatc, nhbc d, sligh tly !mi , forked above, angular, smooth
ish,
Am o unt of drug power of the tincture,¼.
stem is one to two feet high, leafyfl owers are in a slender, crow_dc d,
and r ather weak. The white ch is 1ibout 4 inches long,_ clcst1tu_te SP IRITUS GLANDIUM QUERCUS.
terminal, spike-li ke r aceme, whisomewhat !leshy, _berry-like fn11t.
o f a ny base , n nd pr
od uce a
owers m J1;1 nc . . Preparation.-:-To make this p reparation
pin g, thic k an d porous. It fl tmcture, from which the extract is afterwa rds ,
Rhizome cree Ol a F rg o tt en Remedies," by
Dr.
the freeh acorns from the Quercus robur and
Provings.-=-sec •• New , d nd o

E. P. Anshutz. from these by macerating in alcohol in th� pro!'

Use.-Thc tincture is t?re-­
Preparati on for Homceopathic ctcd nn<l?r Class III. The dilu
�ho �corns lo five by weight of alcohol. After i1
s d�re 111g 111 a CO?l, <lark place for eight clays, hn.vi11
pared from the fresh root r� tincture ns dire cted under this class 01;ce_ or tw1c� :i, day, the tin ctu re is p o ured o!T:
tions are prcpn.r cd _fro m this D1st1l the sp�ntus by applying direct heat o r, 1•
on p age 21.
e t i ncture, i.
Amount of drug power of th of steam, as 1t should not be raised to too higl
wa1:ds the e nd of the process, so as to leave I
SKOO KUM CHUCK. wh1c�1 _has been he ld i n solution by the a.lco l11,
S1nntus glandimn quercus has been reco m11
A n atural mineral salt. e"Med ic al Sprin p;s"
of the Stale of
Burnett in his Diseases of the Spleen and in his m
This salt is obtained from th situated b _ ctw e �n Sp oka ne Falls and
w· ashington. The springs arethern Pa 1fic Ra1� road, �nd the water STELLARIA MEDIA.
Cheney,just north of the Norr color. 1h �
e salt 1s obtai ned by
ev_ ap­
Synonyms, Alaine Media. Chic kweed. 8
from th ese is of a deep ambe dical Lake" [ormcd l�Y. these sprmw.
-0rating the water of the II Me 1:11hcatc and �h�­ �a:tural O�der, Caryophyllaccrn.
omp osed mamly of
'' Skookum Chuc k" salt is cpotassium and carbona�e of so dium, . 1h!s plant 1s an annual or bienninl weed,,
ride of sodium chlor ide of tities of iron, aluminum, lime and mag­ 1!1 height. Stems spreadi ng, marked with nn
containi ng also' small q u an locally as "�ledicnl 1-'.tike Salt.". T�e lme; l�aves o_vatr, the lower on hairy peti,
nesium. the stilt is known nm g m
broad, m terminal leafy cymcs or also solitn.rr
from the Chmook Indmns, mea fou r to five; petals four to five, deeply two-ci,
name"Shookum Chnck" is n uth orit '
y, · rap id current," and,
the cn;lyx; st:1;mens three to ten. This is a co 11,
their language, nccording to g water."
o e a
e r, " stron . ,, Am erica, and 1s universn.lly clistribut.ctl as a W('•
according to anoth r.
vin gs. -S e II New, Old an
d Forgo tten Remedies, by D places, meadows a nd_ wo_orls, probably introd w
Pro e

E. P. Anshutz. ord-
fl owers �rom the begmn111g of spring lo Decc 11
n is prepared from the salt acc
Preparation.-The triturnlio P�� vmgs.-See "Index to Provings,'' by 1
and Ne w, <;)Id and Forgotten Remedies" by
i ng to Class VIL Preparatlon.--;-Thc entire fresh pla�t 18
NSE.
SOLANUM CAROLINE t­ bloom, an d _the_ tmcture prepnred thc rcfrom
e. Apple of Sodom. Bull-Ne , e dilution s arc mad e in accordance
Common Names, Horse-Nettl I�I. '.lh
ft. g1 ven under that class on page 21.
tle. Snnd-I3r ier. Trea clsocerc. . Amou nt of drug power of the tincture, A.
Natural Ord er, Sol ann growmg
d in nen. rly all pn rts of our country
This plant is fou n
Iowa a d southward to the
Gul� of STIGMATA MAIDIS.·
wild from Connecticut to s perenm�nl plant, about. one fo ot high. Synonyms, Zea. Corn Silk.
Mexico. It is a herbaceou ovate- b long, acu te, sm� a�-toothed, Natural Order Grami nero
Stem erect, prickly; leaves ?
cence, pnckly along the m1dale blue or
nb, as also
rough, with stellate pu bes p Stj,gmata maidis, ' or corn sii k , is obtained
e racemes, and e of a
Indian co rn, o f whic)1 �t is the elo ngated sti
the calyx. Flowers in loosglobular, oran �e -yellow, about one-h alf
ar

white col , l ge. B err ies to t he cen­ th e f �male flower; 1t 1s yellowish or greeni
led, th e seeds bemg attached
or ar
an d r no dorous. . The threads arise one f o11
r
inch in diam eter ; two-celin sandy soil and blooms from June t o s to th end of
tral placenta. It grows pass alo?g beneath the h usk e

August. d �ord.
beyond 1t; they ar � pubescent along the entir('
Provings.-See"Index toip P rovin�ll,'' by D r. T. L. Braarin g th e the upper �xtrem1t1es.. They have a "gra!'•
ies are use for p rep
b somethmg h ke that of the fresh inner hus ks ' ,,
Preparation.-The fresh r e err d
 542 llOMCF.OPATIIIC PHARM
ACEUTICS.

pools and streams. The len lIOMCEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS. 543

petiolate, ribbed, slightly ves :ire sagittate-cordate, acu
stem is one to two feet high,hai ry, and underneat h pale-greeminnle,
and rnthcr weak. The whlea fy,forked above, angular, sm n. It.<; tincture according to Class III. T h e dilutions arc prepared in ac­
oot h ish, cordance with directions given on page 21.
tcrminn.l, spike-like raceme,ite flowers n.re in n slender, crowded, Amount of drug power of the tincture, i.
of any base, and produce wh ic h is about 4 inches
long, destitute
Rhizome creeping, thiek anda somew h n.t fleshy, berry-like fruit. SPIRITUS GLANDIUM QUER CUS.
Provings.-Sec '' New, Oft!Jorous. It fiow!lrs in June. Preparation.-To make t h is preparation we first make the
E. P. Anshutz. and Forgott.en Romodioa," by
Dr. tincture, from which th e cxtrnd is 1tftenv1uds distilled off. Gather
Preparation for Homreop th e frceh acorns from the (2uercus rolmr, and prepare a tincture
pared from the fresh root ath ic Use.-Tho tincture is pre
­ from those by macerating in alcohol in the proportion of one part of
tions are prepared from thiass direclod under Class III. The dilu­ the itcoms to five by weight of alcohol. After it has been left stand­
on page 21. tin ctu re as dir ected under this class
ing in a cool, dark place for eight days, having shaken the mnss
Amount of drug power nf t h once or twice a day, the tincture is poured off and placed in a still.
e tincture, A.
SKOO KU M CHUCK. Distil the spiritus by applying direct h eat or, prefernbly,by mcnns
of steam,as it should nol be raised to loo high a temperature to­
A natural mineral salt. wards the end of the process, so as to leave behind the oil, etc.,
This salt is obtained from the which h as been held in solution by t h e alcohol.
Was h ington. The springs are "Medical Springs" of the State of Spiritus ylanclimn quercus hns been recommended by Dr. J. C.
C h eney,just north of the Northe situated between Spokane Fal
ls and Burnett in his Diseases of the Spleen and in h is work, Gout and its Cure.
from these is of a dPcp amber rn Pacific Railron.d, and the water
orating t h e water of the" l\Ic color. The salt is obtained by evap­ STELLARIA MEDIA.
'' Skookum Chuck" salt is com dical Lake" formed by t h ese
spring_s. Synonyms, Alsine Media. Chickweed. Star Chickweed.
ride of sodium, chloride of pot posed mainly of silicate and chJllll­ Natural Order, Cnryop h yllaccm.
containing also small quantit assium and carbonate of sodium, This plant is an annun.l or biennial weed, six lo fifteen inches
nesium. The sall, is known ies of i ron, alumin um, Ji rnc and mag­ in height. Stems spreading, marked wit h an alternate pubescent
name"Shookum Ch uck" is locally as "Medical Lake Salt." T h e line; leaves ovate, the lower on hairy petioles; flowers white,
fhcir language, according to from the Chinook Indians, meaning in broad, in terminal lcaf'.y cymcs or also solitary in_ the axils. Sepals
according to another, "strongone auth ority,'· rapid current,"
and, four to five; petals four to five, deeply two-cleft, and shorter than
Provings.-Scc "New, Oldwater." the calyx; stamens three to ten. This is a common plant in North
I�. P. Anshutz. and Forgotten Remedies," by
Dr. America, and is universally (listrihutcd as a weed, growing in waste
Preparatioo.-The trituration places, meadows and woods, prohahly introduced from Europe. It
ing to Class VII. . is prepared from the salt acc
ord­ flowers from the beginning of spring lo December.
SOLANUM CAROLINENS Provings.-See "Index to Provings,'' by Dr. T. L. Bradford,
E. and"New, Old and Forgotten Remedies," by Dr. E. P. Anshutz.
Common Na me s, Horse-Ne Preparation.-The entire fresh plant is gathered when in
fie. Sand-Brier. Trcndsoft. ttle . Apple of Sodom. Bull-N
et­ bloom, and the tinctme prepared thcrefrom according to Class
Natural Order, Solanacero III. The dilutions arc made in n.ccordance with the directions
T h is plant is found in nearly .
all part.<; of our country gro given under that class on page 21.
wild from Connecticut to !ow
i\f cxico. It is a. herbaceous n and sout h ward to the Guwin lf of
g Amount of drug power of the tincture, !.
�tern erect, prickly; lca,·cs ova per enn ial pla nt, about one foot h ig h . STIGMATA JVIAIDIS.·
roug h , w ith stellate pubescenc te-oblong, acute, sinuate-tooth ecl, Synonyms , Zea. Corn Silk.
I he calyx. Flowers in loose e, prickly along the midrib, as also Natural Order, Gramincro.
white color, large. Berries gloracemes, and are of a pale blue or Stigmata maidis, or corn silk, is obtained from the ordinary
inch in diameter; two-celled, bular, orange-yellow, about one-half Indian corn, of which it is the elongated stigmas and styles of
tral placenta.. It grows in san t h e seeds being attac h ed to
dy soil and blooms from Jun the cen­ the female flower; it is yellowish or greenish, soft-silky, hairy
August. e to and inodorous. The threads arise one from each kernel, and
Provings.-See "Index to Pro pass along beneath the husks to the end of the ear, projecting
Preparation.-Th0 fr 0i-h ri p0 hvin gs," by Dr. T. L. B ra <lforcl.
"" ,.; f'<' ....... • ' r · • hryoncl it; they nrc pubescent along the entire length,and bifid at
• •••• I f' ·• ••• ,, 1,,·,•t11;.,1' f '"\C:f f'\
644 ROMCEOPATllIC PIIARMACEUTICS.
Provings.-Sce "New, Old and Forgotten Remedies," by Dr.
E. P. Anshut;1,.
Preparation.-The fresh corn silk is gathered, from which a
tincture is prepared according to Class III, and dilutions are made
in accorcl:tnce with directions given under that clas s on page 21.
Amount, of drug power of ihc tincture, A.
STROPHANTHUS HISPIDUS.
Synonyms, Kombe. Inncc. Onaye. Arrow Poison.
Natural Order, A pocynacem.
There is a great variety of rccogni;1,ccl species of Slm[!hanthus
found almo!'-t r.ntirely in Af:ia and Africa in the tropics. They are
mostly climbing shrnbs :irnl are usually villous or hairy, with
leaves opposite, having a n:tilky_ or col?re<l _bitter l:tt�x. It was
known that son1e of ihc tnbes 111 the mtenor of Africa had an
efficient :irrow poison, am! that this pasty poison_was m:icle b ;Y
grinding St.rophrmthus seeds; the properties of this was 111vest1-
gatccl by Dr. Thomas P. Ji'rnser, of Edinburgh, "'.ho_ publisl�ed the
same in J870. The scccls of the Strophanth11s hisp ·ulus, which arc
used for medicine, arc oY:tl, flattened, tapering from near the b�sc,
ahout a centimetre long; a well-marked rib, or keel, on one side
runs from the base to the apex. The surfaee of the seed is
<len�ely i,ilky, with �l_1i11in� hairs; it is grayish or grcenish-br?��n;
section shows a wh1t1sh, oily . kernel. ,The taste of the seed 1s m-
tensely hitter. , common. Widely distributed in all temperate regions.
Prc:ivings.-See "Index lo Provings," by Dr. T. L. Bradfot<;J.
Preparation.-Thc dried ripe seeds a.re used to prepare a tmc­
lure according Lo Class l V.
Amount of drug power, i'o.
SYMPHORICARPUS RACEMOSUS.
Common Names, Rnowberry. Snowdrop-berry. Egg-plant.
This in an erect shrub about 4 feet high, growing on rocky
banks from Vermont lo Pennsylvania and \Viscon_sin; and also
in Californi:t; common in cultivation and somctnnes escaped.
Leaves short-peliolecl, entire, oval, 01,tusc at each end and some­
times downy underneath. Flowers in a loose and somcwhnt lc�fy
interrupted spike at the encl of the hrnn�hcs; corolla bc:1-rrled 111-
side · sly le glabrous · st:i mcns anrl style rncl ude<l. Bernes large,
glob�sc · 1oosely cellt{lar, bright white.
Pro�ings.-See "Index lo Provings,'' by Dr. T. L. Bradford.
Preparation for Homreopathic U se.-The tincture iR l?re­
parcd from t,hc fresh brrrirs as directed under Class III, and dilu­
tions arc prepared from this as stated on page 21.
Amount of drug powr.r of the tincture, L
SYZYGIUM JAMBOLANUM.
( ',1 l ,•I 1"•111f l 1 r>r
JIOMCEOPATIIIC PHARMACEUTICS. 545
Natural Order, l\Iyrtacero.
This is a large tree, growinµ; in East India and also in Queens­
land, and bears an edible. fruit. The seeds are nearly one-half
inch long and one-third inch wide, and arc grayish-black, having
a shape resc1nbling a short cylinder, which is abruptly truncated
at the base, above rounded or dome shaped; they are hard and
dense and almost tasteless.
Preparation.-'l'he seeds are usrcl in making the triturnLion,
which should be prepared according Lo Class VII. A tincture is
nl�o prepared according to Clns;; IV.
Amount of drug power of tincture, 1'0.
TRIFOLIUM REPENS.
Synonyms, White Clover. Dutch or Honeysuckle Clover.
Sheep's Gowan. Honeyslalks. La.mu-Suckling.
Natural Order, Lcguminosro.
This plant, which is sometimes called shnmrock (the'true sham­
rock is said to be 'Pr{folimn cfabimn), is perennial, having smooth,
slender stems, spreading and creeping. Flowers white, pcdicelled
in umbel-like round heads on a naked peduncle , their short pedi­
cleR reflexrd when old; corolla white or rose colored. Leaflets
inversely heart-shaped or merely notched, obscurely toothed;
stip11les scale-like, narrow; petioles , and especially the peduncles,
vcrv long; hea.tls smooth anrl loose. It is found throughout the
United States in fields, waste-ground nnd open places; it is very
Provings.-See "Index to Provings," by Dr. T. L. Bradford.
Preparation.-The t,incturc is made from the fresh flowers,
prepared according to Class III, and the dilutions arc made in
accordance with the directions given under that class on page 21.
Amount of drug power of the tincture, t.
TRITICUM REPENS.
Synonyms, Agropyrum Rcpcns. Dog-Grass. Couch-Grass.
Quitch-Grass. Quitch. Quick-Grass.
Natural Order, Gramincro.
This perennial grass, originally from Europe, is found through­
out the Northern United States, in meadows and cultivated
grounds, and along roadsides; and has become a nuisance in some
localities. Rootstocks creeping extensively; spikelets four- to·
eight- flowered; glumes five- to seven-ncrrnd; rnchis glabrou'S, but
rough on angles; awn none, o!· not mor_e than half the length of
the flower; leaves flat, rougli1sh, or hairy above. Flowers from
July to September.
Provings.-See " Index to Provings," by Dr. T. L. Bradford.
Preparation.-The fresh root is used in preparing the tincture
according to Class III. The dilutions from this tincture are made
in accord:rncc with the direel.ion!'- givcn n nclcr that cbss on page 21.
T,, 1,1 l 1 1•l••••·• ' I ,• ,1 • I 1
544 TIOMCEOPATIIIC PllARM ACEUTICS.
Provings .-Sce '' New, Old and Forgotten Remedies," by Dr.
E. P. Anshutz.
Preparation.-The fresh corn silk is gatherc<l, from which a
tincture is prepared according to Class III, and dilutions arc made
in accordance with directions given untlcr that class on page 21.
Amount of drug power of the tincture, .\.
STROPHANTHUS HISPIDUS.
Synonyms, Kombe. Inncc. Onnyc. Arrow Poison.
Natural Order, Apocynaccro.
There is a great variety of recognizecl species of StroJ.1hnnth 11 s
found almost entirely in J\i;ia and Africa in the tropics. l'hcy are
mostly climbing shrubs and are usually villons or hairy, with
leaves opposite, hiwing a milky or colorctl bitter latex. It was
known that some of the tribes in the interior of Africa harl an
efficient anow poison, and that this pasty poison was mndc by
grinding Strophanthus seeds; the properties of this was investi­
gated by Dr. Thomas P. Fraser, of Edinburgh, who published the
same in 1870. The seeds of the Strophnnllws hisp'i,lus, which are
used for medicine, are oval, flattened, tapering from near the base,
about 11. centimetre long; a well-marked rib, or keel, on one side
runs from the base to the apex. The surfac:e of the seed is
densely Rilky, with shining hairs; it is grnyish or greenish-brown;
section shows a whitish, oily kernel. 'I'he taste of the seed is in-
tensely bitter. , United States in fields, wnste-ground and 01wi1
Provings.-See "Index to Provings," by Dr. T. L. Bradford.
Preparation.-The dried ripe seeds are used to prepare a tinc­
ture according to Class IV.
Amount of drug power, r'u.
SYMPHORICARPUS RACEMOSUS.
Common Names, Snowberry. Snowdrop-berry. Egg-plant.
This in an erect shrub about 4 feet high, growing on rocky
banks from Vermont to Pcnnsylvanin and Wisconsin; and also
in California.; common in cnitivation and sometimes escaped.
Leaves Rhort-petiolcd, entire, oval, 01,tusc at each end and some­
times downy underneath. Flowers in a loose and somewhnt leafy
interrupted spike at the end of the branchci;; corolla bearded in­
side; style glabrous; stn.mcns and style included. Berries large,
globosc, loosely cellular, bright white.
Provings.-Sec "Index to Provings," by Dr. T. L. Bradford.
Preparation for Homceopathic Use .-The tincture iR pre­
pared from the fresh berries as directed under Class III, and dilu•
tions arc prepared from this as stn.tcd on page 21.
Amount of drug power of the tincture, t
/
SYZYGIUM JAMBOLANUM.
Synonyms. F.11!:!rni:1 .T:i11tl,ol:i11:i. (':1l\'fr:111fl i r� .T:11nh n hn:i
l!O.M<EOPATIIIC PIIARJ\IACEUTII
Natural Order, Myrtaccro.
Th is is a lnrgc tree, growing in E:tst India a11
)and, and bears an edible. fruit. The seeds :1
mch long and or:ic-third inch ,�ide, and are gr:•
a shape rescmblmg n. short cylmder, which is
at the base, above rounded or dome shaped•'
dense and almost tasteless.
J:>reparation .-Tlie seeds are used in maki
which should he prep:trecl :iccording to Clnss \
alr,o prepared according to Class IV.
Amount of drug power of tincture, r'�.
TRIFOLIUM REPENS.
Synonyms, White Clover. Dutch or JI,,
Sheep's Gown.n. Honeystalks. Laml i -Suckli 11
Natural Order, Lcguminosro.
Th !s plnnt, which is sometimes called shamr,,
rock 1s said to be 'l'r?(olimn dubinm), is peren ni ·
�lender stc!ns, sprcadmg and creeping. Flowr1
rn umhcl-l1kc round bends on a naked pcduncl,
?leR rcflcxcd when olcl; corolla white or ros(•
rn_verncly hcar_t-idiapcd or me_rcly notched, , .
st1pulrs scale-like, narrow; petioles, ancl cspcc-i,
very long; heads smooth and loose. It is fo111
cornmo1�. Widely distributed in all temperatr
Provmgs.--See "Ind�x to Provings," by Dr.
Preparat10n.-The tincture is made from
prepared according to Class III and the dil 11
accordance with the directions gi�en under th:!1
Amount of drug power of the tincture, t
TRITICUM REPENS.
�ynonyms, Agropyrum Repcns. Dog-Gr:1
Qu1tch-Grass. Quitch. Quick-Grass.
Natural Order, Graminerc.
'l'his perennial grass, originally from Eurnp0
out the Northern United States, in mc:t<lcrn:
grou!l\ls, and along roadsides; and hns become:
l �calit1cs. Rootstocks creeping extensively;
eight.flowered; glumes five- to seven-nerved; r,
rough on angles; awn none, or not more than
the flower; leaves flnt, roughish, or hairy al.Jo,
July to September.
Provings _. -See "Index to Provings,'' by Dr.
Preparat10n .-The fresh root is used in pr01
�ccord111g to Class III. The dilutions from thi�
rn accordance with the clircC'Lions given undrr tl i ,
, • • •• , , t· T • I
••• •• r , . , :. ,.
644 ITOMCEOPATJIIC P llA RM ACEUTICS.
Provings.-Sce '' New, Old and Forgotten Remedies," by Dr.
E. P. Anshutz.
Preparation.-The fresh corn silk is gathered, from which a
tincture is prepared according to Class I�I, nnd dilutions arc made
in accordance with directions given un<lcr thnt clnss on page 21.
Amount of drug power of the tincture, t
STROPHANTHUS HISPIDUS.
Synonyms, Kombe. Inncc. Onrtyc. Arrow Poison.
Natural Order, Apocynaccrr.
There is rt great variety of rccognizr1l species of Strnl!,hnnth11.q
found almost entirely in Ai;i:t rtnd Africa. in the tropics. !'hey are
mostly climbing shrubs and are usually villous or hairy, with
leaves opposite hnvino- a milky or colorctl bitter latex. It wns
known thrtt so�,e of tl1c tribes in the interior of Africa had an
eflicient a1Tow poison, and that this past,v poison _,vas m:i,de by
grinding Strophantlms seeds; the properties of tlus wns investi­
gated by Dr. Thomas P. Fraser, of Edinburgh, w_ho _ publis�ed the
same in 1870. The seeds of the Strophanthus hispulus, which are
used for rnedicinc are oval, flattened, tapering from near the base,
about a centimctr� long; a well-marked rib, or keel, on one sid_e
runs from the base to the apex. The surface of the seed 1s
densely Rilky, with shining hairs; it is grnyish or grcenish-br?\�n;
section shows a whitish, oily kernel. The taste of the seed 1s in-
tensely bitter. , United States in ficlcls, waste-ground and O]ll'II
Provings.-See"Index to Provings," by Dr. T. L. Bradfor?.
Preparation.-Thc dried ripe seeds are used to prepare a t111c­
ture according to Clnss JV.
Amount of drng power, ?u.
SYMPHORICARPUS RACEM OSUS.
Common Names, Snowberry. Snowcl_rop-bcrr)'.. Egg-plant.
This in an erect shrub about 4 feet high, growmg on rocky
hanks from Vermont to Pennsylvania ancl \Visconsin; und also
in California; common in cuitivation nnd sometiines escaped.
Leaves short-petioled, entire, oval, 01,tusc at ench end and some­
times downy underneath. Flowers in a loose nncl somewhat le�fy
interrupted spike at the encl of the brnn�hc�; corolla be�rdcd in­
side· style glabrous; stnmcns and style 111cluded. Bernes large,
globbse,' loosely ce11 ular, bright wh�tc.
Provings.-See "Index to Prov_111gs,, 'by � r. T. _L. Brnd�ord.
Preparation for Homceopath1c Use.-I, he t111cture IR J�rc­
pared from the fresh berries as directed under Class III, and d1lu·
tions arc prepared from this as stated on page 21.
Amount of drug power of the tincture, L
SYZYGIUM JAMBOLANUM .
/
Svnonvm�. l<:1w011i:1 J:1111hnl:111:1. ('nldr:111tlt0� .T:1111hnlana.
HOMCEOPA'rllIC PHARMACEUTICS
Natural Order, l\Iyrt.ncrm.
This is a large tree, growing in East India and
land, :tnd bears an edible. fruit. The seeds ar­
inch long and one-third inch wide, and arc gr:i_,
a shape resembling a short cylinder, which is n
at the bnse, above rounded or dome shaped; 1
dense and al most tastclc,:s.
Preparation.-Thc seeds are usc·cl in rnaki1
which should he prcp,tre<l according to Class\"
ali::o prepared nccor<ling to Cl:iss IV.
Amount of drug power of tincture,-?�.
TRIFOLIUM REPENS.
Synonyms, \Vhite Clover. Dutch or lfo•
Sheep's Gowan. Honcystalks. Lamli-Sucklin,
Natural Order, Lcguminos::c.
This plant, which is sometimes c:tlled shamrn•
rock is said to be 'Pr(folium dtibimn), is perenni:•
slender stems, spreading and creeping. Flower
in umbel-like round heads on a. naked pedunclt­
cles rcflexcd when old; corolla white or ros0
inversely heart-shaped or merely notched, n
stipnles scale-like, narrow; petioles, and espcci:
very long; heads smooth anrl loose. It is fou,
common. ·widely distributed in all temperate
Provings.-Sec "Index Lo Provings," by Dr.
Preparation.-Thc tincture is made front
prepared according to Class III, and the dilu
accordance with the directions given under tl1:1
Amount of drug power of the tincture, L
TRITICUM REPENS.
Synonyms, Agropyrum Repens. Dog-(lr:,
Quitch-Grnss. Quitch. Quick-Grass.
Natural Order, Gmmincm.
This perennial grass, originally from Europr.
out the Northern United States, in mcado"
grounds, and a.long i·oadsidcs ;_ and hns b� coml'
localities. Rootstocks crccpmg extcns1,·cly;
eight-flowcrccl; glumes five· to sevcn-ncn·ccl; 1
rough on angles; awn none, o�· not more_ tlt:tn
the flower; leaves flat, roughish, or hairy nut•
July to September.
Provings.-See" Index to Provings," by Dr
Preparation.-The fresh root is used in pn·
according to Class III. The dilutions from thi
in accordance with the directions given under (I,
/\mn11nt. of rlrn!! pnw0r of thr tinct.ure . .\.