VIll-E-TECHNO

NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL

CDF-4
DETERMINATIODN
PUBERTY AND SEx
ADOLESCENCE,
Adolescents.
are called
Children between the age of 10 and 19 years

protruding part f tthe throa

of
s e e n as
2. he growing voice box in boys that can be
is called Adam's apple.

and progesterone are tha

3. Osterone is the male hormone and estrogen
female hormones.

4. stimulate the other glands such as

Pituitary gland secretes hormones which
Testis, Ovary, Adrenal etc. Hence it is called master gland.

. In case there is no fertilization, the released egg, thickened lining ot the uterus

Walls along with blood vessels are shed off, which is called menstruation.

6. Every human cell contains 23 pairs/46 chromosomes.

7. Autosomes are 22 pairs/44, and allosomes are 1 pair/2.

8. Autosomes-chromosomes whose number and morphology do not difer between

males and females of same species are called Autosomes.

9 Diabetes disease is caused due to less secretion of Insulin hormone.

10. Metamorphosis: The process of transformation from an immature form to adult

form in two or more distinct stages is called metamorphosis.
11. AIDS disease is caused by HIV virus.

12. The legal age for marriage is 18 years for girls and 21 years for boys in our
country.

13. Puberty age in female is 10-12 years

14. Secondary sexual characters in male are hair on face,

reproductive organs development.
development of muscles,

15. Larynx is called as voice box.

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SYNOPSIS-4
ADOLESCENCE, PUBERTY AND SEX DETERMINATION
ADOLESCENCE and PUBERTY CHANGES
The period of life in
which the body undergoes changes leading to
reproducuv
maturity is called "Adolescence".
Puberty: The period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and
become capable of reproduction is called puberty.
Children between the ages of 11 and 19 are called Adolescents.
years

Calculation for full height (cm) ofPresent

full height of(cm)
height the age-x100

Age in % of full height

years Boys Girls
8 72% 77%
75% 81%
10 78% 84%
11 81% 88%
12 84% 91%
13 88% 95%
14 92% 98%

15 95% 99%
16 98% 99.5%
17 99% 100%

18 100% 100%

Eg: The boy is 9 years old and 120cm tall. At the end of the growth period he is
likely to be.
The onset of puberty brings about growth of the reproductive organs. Hair
grow at various places on the body. Breast develop in girls and facial hair

moustache and beard) appears in boys.

Voice of the boys change as voice box enlarges during this age.

CHANGEs AT PUBERTY:
Reading, Mental, Intellectual and Emotional Maturity in things develops among
boys & girls
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8. No. Change increase in height.

Sudden
In Boys: than boys
Grow faster
In Girls: of
Height and legs elongate
Bones of a r m s
persontall
a
make shoulders
puberty,
In boys: At of growth
result
broaden as a
Muscles become prominent.
Change in Body shape below the waist
In girls: Region
becomes widen.
voice box.
In boys: Develop larger
is hardly visible.
In girls: Larynx voice.
Voice change Girls: High pitched
Boys: Deep voice
of sweat &
In both, activity
sebaceous glands increases.
Increased activity ofsweet on face is
Acne and pimples
&Sebaceous glands common.
In Males: Testis & penis develop
completely, testis produce sperms.
5. Development ofSex organ In Females: ovaries enlarge
& eggs

beginto mature.

ADOLESCENCE AGE-HORMONES ROLE

The onset of puberty or development of secondary sexual characters and
maternity of reproductive parts are controlled by hormones secreted by
endocrine glands.
Endocrine glands are called ductless glands, which secretes hormones directly
into blood stream.

Adam's apple: The growing voice box in boys can be seen as protruding part of
the throat.
Testosterone is the male hormone that brings about development of secondary
sexual characters in male.

Estrogen is the female hormone that bring about development of secondary

sexual characters in female.

Testosterone is secretory from testes and estrogen from ovaries.

Pituitary gland secretes hormones which include growth hormone and of the
stimulating hormones that activates such as testes, ovary, adrenal etc.
Target cell: Endocrine glands secretes hormones into the blood stream to reach
a particular body part called "target cell"

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 NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL
CHANGI IN FEMALE BODY

In females reproductive phase begins at 10 to 12 vears and lasts till the ag

approximately 45 to 50 years.
In case there is no
fertilization, the released and the thickened
the uterus walis along with blood vessels are shed off. This 1slining
egg, o
callcu
menstruation.
The first menstrual flow begins at
puberty and is termed as menarcn
At 45 to 50 years of age, the menstrual cycle
stops and is termed as menopause.
OTHER HORMONES-IMPACT:
Diabetes disease is caused due to less secreation of insulin hormone
the pancreas. iro
Adrenal gland secretes Adrenalin hormone, which helps the body to
the stress,
whe we are
aajus
very angry or worried.
Insect hormones helps in metamorphosis of the insects
SEX-DETERMINATION
Chromosomes number in every human cell is 46 or 23 pairs.
Autosomes: Chromosomes whose number and morphology do not differ
between males and females of same species are called Autosomes.
Autosomes are 22 pairs/44.
Allosomes or sex chromosomes are 1 pair or 2. And they are two types X and Y.

(Female-XX, Male-XY)
Sex chromosomes are discovered by Walter Sutton and Thomas Hunt Morgan
in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly).
Male/Father is responsible for determining the sex of the baby.
If the sperm carries X-Chromosome and fertilizes the ovum (X chromosome),
then the baby will have XX condition, so that baby will be girl.
If the sperm carries Y-Chromosome and fertilizes the ovum (X chromosome),
then the baby will have XY condition, so that baby will be a boy.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH:
AIDS: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.
The number of addicted people at the age of 15 or below is 57.57 lakhs (68%)
in AP

AIDS disease is caused by HIV virus.

The legal age for marriage is 18 years for girls and 21 years for boys in our

country.

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arayana Group of Schools
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WORKSHEET-4
DETERMINATION
ADOLESCENCE - PUBERTY AND SEX
sexual character in
of the following feature under secondary
wnich comes

male?
the sexual organs
1) Hair of face 2) Development of

3) Hoarse voice 4) All the above

2. Complete the flow chart

Male Female

Ovary
Testis

Sperm

ZvEote

3) Fertilization 4) Chromosome
1) Fertilized egg 2) Ovum
and boys 1s
3. Govt of India decided legal age for marriage for girls
3) 18, 21 4) 19, 23
1) 21, 23 2) 20, 22

4. The number of chromosomes in human cell

4) Both 1 &3
1) 46 2) 44 3) 23 pairs
Sugar diabetes is controlled by the hormone
1) Estrogen 2) Testosterone 3) Insulin 4) Vasopressin
called
6 The period of maturity of reproductive organs is
1) Adolescence period 2) Menstruation

3) Gestation period 4) None of these

Which of the following is not a endocrine gland?
7.
2) Salivary 3) Pituitary gland 4) Adrenal
1) Thyroid
8. Which of the following is the female sex hormone?
1) Insulin 2) Testosterone 3) Estrogen 4) Adrenalin
AIDS can be spread from an infected person to another person through
9
1) Sharing food 2) Sharing comb
3) Blood transfusion 4) Mosquito bite
10. When a sperm containing Y chromosome fertilizes an egg, the zygote develop
into a child.
1) Female 2) either a male or female

3) Male 4) No child

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11. Puberty age in female is

1) 10-12 age 2) 12 14 age

3) 8-10 age 4) 11-13 age
12 Stoppage of
menstruation is termed as
1) Menarche
2) Menopause
3) Menstruation
2Which endocrine gland is called as 4) Metamorphosis
mixed gland?
1) Pituitary gland 2) Thyroid
3) Adrenal 4) Pancreas
14, Chromosomes whose
number and morphology do not
and females of species called differ between naucs

1) Allosomes
2) Sex chromosomes
3) Autosomes
4) Genes
15. In case there is no
fertilization, the released egg,
shed off. This mechanism uterus walls, blood vessels
is called as
1) Metamorphosis
2) Menarche
2) Menopause
4) Menstruation
16. Match the following
1) Testes
a) Estrogen
2) Endocrine gland
b) Pituitary
3) Menarche
c) Spermn
4) Female hormone
d) First menstruation
1) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d 2) 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a
3) 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b 4) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d
17. Which of the statement is correct
regarding sex determination?
a) Mothers X chromosome responsible for sex determination
b) Fathers X, Y as allosomes responsible for sex determination
c) Father has different allosomes
d) Mother and Father are responsible
1) Only a 2) b andc 3) only d 4) a andc
18. AIDS mean
1) Acquired Immuno deficiency syndrome
2) Accredited Immuno deficiency system
3) Acquired immune deficiency disease
4) Acquired Immuno deficiency system

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 NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL VIll-E-TECHNO
19. Which of the following statements are
incorrect
a Testes secretes testosterone and ovary secretes es trogen
tay gland secretes controls the remaining endocrine glands
C) Pancreas secretes Adrenaline to control stress
d) Testosterone is called female hormone and estrogen called male hormone
hormone
1)a andb and d 4) a and d
2) b andc 3) c

20. Statement A:
Metamorphosis in frogs is controlled by thyroid gland
Statement B: Insect hormones helps in metamorphosis of the insects.

1) A is correct B is wrong
2) Both A and B are wrong
3) Both A and B are correct
4) A is incorrect B is correct
KEY
. Q. No 1 2 4
6 7 8 9 10
Key 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 3
. Q. No 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
19 20
Key 1 2 4 3 4 2 2 1 3

CDF-5