eni spa 29008.ENG.CPI.

STD
Rev. 00 – November 2019
Page 2 of 34

ELENCO MODIFICHE / REVISION TRACKING

Rev. NN: Actual revision is of 34 pages.

The document amend and replaces the former Appendix D of Eni specification
20000.ENG.CPI.STD rev05.

The former Eni specification 20000.ENG.CPI.STD rev05 is going to be withdrawn and divided
in several standalone technical specification:

29000.ENG.CPI.STD rev00 Painting for offshore and coastal structures

29001.ENG.CPI.STD rev00 Painting for onshore facilities
29002.ENG.CPI.STD rev00 Paintings and Linings for storage and process tanks
29003.ENG.CPI.STD rev00 Riser coatings
29004.ENG.CPI.STD rev00 Metalizing and Thermal Spray Coatings
29005.ENG.CPI.STD rev00 Passive Fire Protection - Application
29006.ENG.CPI.STD rev00 Painting System Sheets (present document)
29007.ENG.CPI.STD rev00 Maintenance of painted surfaces
29008.ENG.CPI.STD rev00 Qualification of paintings systems

Date: December 2019

RICHIESTA INFORMAZIONI / INFORMATION REQUEST

Eni personnel can access company standard repository at:

http://wwweandp.eni.it/TSServices/ITEM/Standards-/Normalizat/Documents-/index.asp

External user shall refer to the Project Engineer Manager.

For information about the content of this standard, please refer to persons mentioned on first
page or to Company Standard Team (mbxc&st@eni.com).

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Index

1. SCOPE AND GENERAL INFORMATION .............................................................. 5

1.1 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS AND NORMATIVES ............................................. 5
1.2 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................ 7
2. PRE-QUALIFICATION AND QUALIFICATION PROCEDURE ................................ 7
2.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................... 7
2.2 QUALIFICATION PROCEDURE .................................................................... 8
2.2.1 Step 1 - Pre-Qualification .................................................................... 8
2.2.2 Step 2 – Technical characterization and tests ..................................... 9
2.3 EXCEPTIONS ............................................................................................ 10
3. QUALIFICATION TESTING.............................................................................. 10
3.1 QUALIFICATION OF COATING MATERIALS .............................................. 11
3.1.1 Labeling and package ........................................................................ 11
3.1.2 Coating material data ........................................................................ 11
3.1.3 Zinc rich primers ............................................................................... 13
3.1.4 Coating material identification .......................................................... 13
3.2 QUALIFICATION OF PAINTING SYSTEM ................................................... 14
3.2.1 General .............................................................................................. 14
3.2.2 Panels preparation ............................................................................ 14
4. FINAL REPORT OF THE LABORATORY............................................................. 15
5. QUALIFICATION TESTS DESCRIPTION ........................................................... 19
5.1 TEST 1 CYCLIC AGEING............................................................................ 19
5.1.1 Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................... 19
5.2 TEST 2 CATHODIC DISBONDING .............................................................. 20
5.2.1 Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................... 21
5.3 TEST 3 IMMERSION ................................................................................. 21
5.3.1 Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................... 22
5.4 TEST 4 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE ............................................................... 22
5.4.1 Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................... 23
5.5 TEST 4 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE-SO2 ATMOSPHERE ................................. 24
5.5.1 Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................... 26
5.6 TEST 5 THERMAL CYCLE ........................................................................... 26
5.6.1 Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................... 27
5.7 TEST NO: 6 THICK FILM CRACKING ......................................................... 27

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5.7.1 Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................... 27

5.8 TEST NO: 7 IMPACT TESTING................................................................... 27
5.8.1 Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................... 29
5.9 TEST 8 ABRASION RESISTANCE ............................................................... 30
5.9.1 Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................... 31
5.10 TEST 9 CYCLIC HEATING .......................................................................... 31
5.10.1 Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................... 31

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1. SCOPE AND GENERAL INFORMATION

This Specification defines the test methods and requirements to be adopted and used for the
characterization and qualification of painting materials and painting systems, reported in:

• 29006.ENG.CPI.STD Painting System Sheets

• 27591.ENG.CPI.STD Approved Painting Systems

For the lining materials qualification, for Storage Tanks as per 29002 ENG.CPI.STD Rev. 0,
reference is made to ISO 16961 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries –
Internal coating and lining of steel storage tanks.

1.1 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS AND NORMATIVES

In addition to the standards listed in the General Section of the Specification, this Appendix
refers to the last issue of following standards:

ASTM D-520 Standard Specification for Zinc Dust Pigment

ASTM D 2372 Standard Practice for Separation of Vehicle from Solvent-Reducible

Paints

ASTM D 2621 Standard Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle Solids
from Solvent - Reducible Paints

ASTM D 4541 Test method for pull-off strength of coatings using portable
adhesion testers.

ASTM G 14 Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Pipeline Coatings

(Falling Weight Test)

ASTM G 85 Standard Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing

ISO 1248 Iron oxide pigments for paints

ISO 1514 Paints and varnishes – Standard panels for testing

ISO 1517 Paints and varnishes – Surface-drying test – Ballottini method

ISO 2811 Paints and varnishes – Determination of density.

ISO 2812-1 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to liquids –

General methods.

ISO 2812-2 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to liquids –

Water immersion method.

ISO 3233 Paints and varnishes – Determination of percentage volume of non-

volatile matter by measuring the density of a dried coating.

ISO 3251 Paints, varnishes and plastics - Determination of non-volatile-

matter content

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ISO 3549 Zinc dust pigments for paints - Specifications and test methods

ISO 3679 Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related products – Determination

of flashpoint – Rapid equilibrium method

ISO 4628 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings

Part 1 ÷ 6 – Designation of intensity, quantity and size of common types of
defects.

ISO 4629 Binders for paints and varnishes - Determination of hydroxyl value
- Titrimetric method

ISO 6745 Zinc phosphate pigments for paints - Specifications and methods
of test

ISO 7142 Binders for paints and varnishes - Epoxy resins - General methods
of test

ISO 10601 Micaceous iron oxide pigments for paints - Specifications and test
methods

ISO 11908 Binders for paints and varnishes - Amino resins - General methods
of test

ISO 11909 Binders for paints and varnishes - Polyisocyanate resins - General
methods of test

ISO 12944-1 Paint and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by

protective paint systems. – General introduction

ISO 12944-2 Paint and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by

protective paint systems. – Classification of environments

ISO 12944-3 Paint and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by

protective paint systems. – Design considerations

ISO 12944-5 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by

protective paint systems - Part 5: Protective paint systems

ISO 12944-6 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by

protective paint systems - Part 6: Laboratory performance test
methods

ISO 12944-8 Paint and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by

protective paint systems. – Development of specifications for new
work and maintenance

ISO 12944-9 Paint and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by

protective paint systems. – Protective paint systems and laboratory
performance test methods for offshore and related structures

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ISO 14680-2 Paints and varnishes - Determination of pigment content - Part 2:

Ashing method

ISO 15711 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to cathodic

disbonding of coatings exposed to sea water

ISO 16961 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Internal

coating and lining of steel storage tanks

ISO 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration
laboratories

NACE SP0108 Standard Practice – Corrosion control of offshore structures by

protective coatings

NACE TM0404 Offshore Platform atmospheric and splash zone new construction
coating system evaluation

1.2 DEFINITIONS

The following definitions are assumed:

Finger printing Method of identifying a coating material through

laboratory analyses of coating density, solids
content, pigment content, FTIR, etc..

Pre- Process certifying, through the simple analysis of

qualification technical documents that a paint system satisfy the
minimum requirements of the Specification.

Qualification Evaluation process of paint systems and of the

coating materials that compose them, which,
through the execution of stated laboratory tests
(performance tests), allow to assume that the paint
system is suitable for the intended service.

Paint System The paint system defined in the sheets enclosed to

Sheet the Technical Specification 29006.ENG.CPI.STD
and for which the Paint Manufacturer requires the
qualification.

Specification The Technical Specification part of the new

2900X.ENG.CPI.STD series.

2. PRE-QUALIFICATION AND QUALIFICATION PROCEDURE

2.1 GENERAL
Qualification requirements shall apply to all coating materials and paint systems provided by
the Specification. In the section “Specific Requirements” of each Paint System Sheet as per

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Eni 20006.ENG.CPI.STD, the qualification tests required for the specific paint system are
listed.

For the paint systems intended to be applied on the internal surfaces of steel storage tanks,
both above ground or of offshore facilities, the laboratory testing protocol shall be as per
standard ISO 16961 - Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Internal coating
and lining of steel storage tanks.

The Paint Manufacturer shall submit to Company approval all data, documents and evidence
proving that the proposed paint system is suitable for the intended service and for the fluid
intended to be contained in the tank or vessel. Technical documentation shall meet all other
requirement provided in the Specification and on the Paint System Sheet.

The Paint Manufacturer shall arrange, at its own expenses, all tests required by this
specification. All tests and analysis required by this Specification shall be performed and
suitably reported by independent third party laboratories, accredited by ISO 17025, audited
and approved by the Company. The Company reserves the right to attend and inspect the
tests execution.

The qualification of a defined paint system is not binding for the Company that could select,
at its discretion, one of the paint systems included in the list of Company’s approved paint
system list.

The Company’s qualification is given for an open-ended term. However the Company reserve
the right to require at any time the repetition of one or more of the qualification tests in order
to verify the quality of the coating or as consequence of possible coating failure. If the result
of one or more tests is negative, the qualification will be cancelled.

Any modification, even if considered minor, to the formulation or components of a coating

material or of a coating system already qualified by the Company, shall be notified in writing
to the Company. The Company reserves the right to require the performance of part or all of
the tests, or to accept or reject the modified product, without further tests. The modified
coating material or system - when qualified - may be used in place of the previous one or as
an alternative.

Under no circumstances the Company approval of a coating system shall be considered a

guarantee from the Company related to the coating materials and repair products and they
performance, but just an approval to use it.

2.2 QUALIFICATION PROCEDURE

The qualification process of one or more paint systems develops in to two separate steps:

• Step 1 - Pre-Qualification
• Step 2 – Characterization and testing

2.2.1 Step 1 - Pre-Qualification

Paint Manufacturer that intends to qualify one or more of its coating systems shall inform the
Company in writing.

The application documentation shall include, system by system, the following data:

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1. Number of Paint System for which the pre-qualification is required

2. Commercial (trade) name of the coating material forming the paint system and
DFT, as listed in Paint System Sheet of the Specification.
3. Product Data Sheet of each product
4. Material Safety Data Sheet of each component;
5. Finger printing – Infrared scans of each component of a coating material with
and without pigment. Paint Manufacturer’s Product Quality Manager shall
certify the finger printing;

To proceed to Step 2 of characterization and test, the Paint Manufacturer shall receive the
written approval of the Company.

The pre-qualification process is shown in Figure 1, provided for information and clarification
only.

FIGURE 1 – Scheme of the pre-qualification process

Documentation for Data evaluation and

each coating material ENI analysis
and paint system

Negative

Comments
PAINT MANUFACTURER (Positive or Negative)

Positive

Step 2
Qualification Tests

2.2.2 Step 2 – Technical characterization and tests

Once received from the Company the written approval of the conformity of the proposed
paint system or systems, the Paint Manufacturer shall:

1. Send to the appointed laboratory the complete details of the coating materials
and of the painting systems to be tested,
2. Inform the Company and the laboratory about the program for the panels
preparation,
3. Prepare the necessary panels,
4. In conjunction with the laboratory, prepare the program of the tests and
forward it to the Company.

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When the tests are completed the laboratory shall prepare a report that shall be sent to the
Company and to Paint Manufacturer.

The results of tests shall be evaluated and analyzed by the Company that shall inform in
writing the Paint Manufacturer if the paint system has been qualified or not.

2.3 EXCEPTIONS
For the paint systems intended to be applied on the internal surfaces of steel storage tanks
and of tanks of offshore facilities, the laboratory testing protocol shall be as per standard ISO
16961 - Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Internal coating and lining of
steel storage tanks.

3. QUALIFICATION TESTING

All tests and analysis required by this Specification shall be performed and suitably reported
by independent third party laboratories accredited by ISO 17025, audited and approved by
the Company.

At completion of all tests the laboratory’s report and all relevant documentations shall be
attached to the certification and provided to the Company.

The Manufacturer shall prepare a detailed tests schedule in which the timing and location for
sample’s preparation and test execution shall be reported; the schedule shall be sent in
advance to the Company that reserve the right to attend during the execution of the test.

For the characterization and qualification of coating materials and painting systems two levels
of test are requested, defined as follows:

1. Tests for the qualification of coating materials, to verify its characteristics,

2. Tests for the qualification of paint systems to verify its suitability and
performance in the intended environment and service.

Tests 1) should be performed at the laboratories of the Paint Manufacturer itself subject to
audit and assessment of the Company on the real capability (including equipment,
instruments, and organizing structure in general) of the laboratory to perform the tests
required for the characterization of coating material as per following section 3.1.

Tests 2) shall be performed by independent laboratories accredited as per ISO 17025 and
audited and approved by the Company, as per following section 3.2. In case of failure at the
qualification testing, a retest is allowed. It’s faculty of the Manufacturer propose a new test
coupon preparation for the retest.

The Paint Manufacturer shall prepare a detailed testing program, in which timing and place
of panels preparation and those for tests execution shall be provided; the program shall be
sent previously to the Company, which besides having free access to the Paint Manufacturer
laboratory, it reserves the right to attend to the tests, as its discretion, without notice.

A summary of required test is reported in Table 4.

For the paint systems intended to be applied on the internal surfaces of steel storage tanks
and of tanks of offshore facilities, the laboratory testing protocol shall be as per standard ISO

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Rev. 00 – November 2019
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16961 - Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Internal coating and lining of
steel storage tanks.

Technical documentation shall meet all other requirements provided in the Specification and
on the Paint System Sheet and contain test report from a third party laboratory for all the
tests required by ISO 16961.

3.1 QUALIFICATION OF COATING MATERIALS

3.1.1 Labeling and package

Each coating material to be tested shall be clearly identified, as follows:

a. Commercial name of the product, for the two-component paints the

commercial name of the base (Part A) and curing agent (Part B) shall be
reported,
b. Manufacturer name
c. Colour of the coating material
d. Batch number
e. Manufacturing date and expiry date
f. Instruction and recommendations regarding health, safety and environment
protection according to the applicable law and rules.
g. Reference to the relevant PDS.

3.1.2 Coating material data

For each coating material to be tested, the Paint Manufacturer, besides the data reported in
MSDS, shall provide the appointed laboratory with the following data:

1. Date of issue;
2. Name of the product;
3. Name of the Paint Manufacturer;
4. Generic name of the paint;
5. Generic name of the curing agent;
6. Generic name of each additional component;
7. Colour of the coating material;
8. Mixing ratio;
9. Mixing instruction (induction time included);
10. “Shelf life” under the recommended storage conditions;
11. Non-volatile matter in volume of the mixed product (ISO 3233), the value of
which shall be obtained at (23 ± 2)°C and (50 ± 5)% RH;
12. Density of the mixed product (according to the appropriate part of the standard
ISO 2811), the value of which shall be obtained at (23 ± 2)°C and (50 ± 5)%
RH;
13. “Pot Life” of the mixed product, the value of which shall be obtained at (23 ±
2)°C and (50 ± 5)% RH;
14. Flash point of each component (ISO 3679);
15. Drying time of the coating surface, the value of which shall be obtained at (23
± 2)°C and (50 ± 5)% RH;

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16. Time to full cure the value of which shall be obtained at (23 ± 2)°C and (50 ±
5)% RH;
17. Recommended thinner (name and/or number);
18. Flash point of the recommended thinner;
19. Maximum quantity of each thinner allowed for application;
20. Recommended surface preparation grade and profile;
21. Recommended method of application;
22. Minimum and maximum overcoating time;
23. Recommended minimum and maximum dry film thickness;
24. Solvent recommended for cleaning the equipment;
25. Recommended application conditions (temperature and relative humidity);
26. Maximum VOC content and the method to be used to check that it is not
exceeded;
27. Reference to the MSDS;
28. Theoretical spreading rate (m2/l for a dry film thickness of x μm).

All data and documents supplied by the Paint Manufacturer shall be included, as enclosures,
to the final report prepared by the laboratory.

For each type of coating material and batch number three samples shall be drawn: 1 (one)
shall be used for the tests, while the other 2 (two) shall be kept, for a time not exceeding
the shelf life reported on the product data sheet, for possible further checks.

The selected laboratory shall test the components of the coating material in order to verify
the accuracy and consistency of the data for physical properties provided by the Paint
Manufacturer. Analysis and tests listed in Table 1 shall be performed.

TABLE 1

Test Type Standard/Method Acceptance criteria

ISO 2811
± 2% of value published by Paint
Specific Gravity At (23 ± 2)°C and (50 ± 5)%
Manufacturer
RH

ISO 3233
± 3% of value published by Paint
Solid content At (23 ± 2)°C and (50 ± 5)%
Manufacturer
RH

Pot Life At (23 ± 2)°C and (50 ± 5)% ± 3% of value published by Paint
(mixed product) RH Manufacturer

± 5% of value published by Paint

Flash point ISO 3679
Manufacturer

ISO 1517
± 5% of value published by Paint
Dry Time At (23 ± 2)°C and (50 ± 5)%
Manufacturer
RH

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For two-pack products, the tests shall be performed both for the base and the curing agents.

Shop-primers (pre-fabrication primers) shall not be tested.

3.1.3 Zinc rich primers

In addition to the requirements listed on item 3.1.2, the zinc rich primer, zinc-epoxy or zinc
silicate, shall have a minimum zinc dust pigment content of the non-volatile portion of 80%
by mass, according to standard ISO 12944-5. The zinc dust pigment shall comply with the
requirements specified in standard ASTM D-520.

3.1.4 Coating material identification

For each coating material forming a paint system subject to qualification test, the laboratory
shall perform the infrared scan (Fingerprinting) reporting the method and the applied
resolution.

The results shall reported as listed in the Table 2 and the forms shall be enclosed to the final
report of the laboratory.

TABLE 2
Curing
Data of issue: Base
Agent

Name of paint:

Name of Paint Manufacturer

Batch number

Production date

Test
Test Method Test result
result

Binder content (by mass) By difference ± 2% ± 2%

Pigment content (including extenders) (by ISO 14680-2 ± 2% ± 2%

mass)

ASTM D 2372
Infrared spectra
ASTM D 2621

Non-volatile matter by mass ISO 3251 ± 2%

Appropriate ± 0,05 ± 0,05

Density part of ISO g/ml g/ml
2811

Ash ISO 14680-2 ± 3% ± 3%

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Zn metal/Total ± 1% ± 1%
Zn

Pigment content (by Fe ± 1% ± 1%

ISO 14680-2
mass)
P ± 1% ± 1%

Al ± 1% ± 1%

Epoxy ISO 7142

OH ISO 4629
Content of functional
groups
Amine ISO 11908

Isocyanate ISO 11909

3.2 QUALIFICATION OF PAINTING SYSTEM

3.2.1 General
The Paint Manufacturer shall supply to the appointed laboratory a sufficient quantity of
coating material forming the paint systems, together with detailed mixing and application
instructions. The Paint Manufacturer shall also supply a sufficient number of test panels as
defined in the next item. The laboratory shall perform the necessary coating work on the
samples (surface preparation, application, inspection and reporting) fully in accordance with
the requirements provided in the general part of the Specification.

If the laboratory is unable to perform the coating work, it shall be Paint Manufacturer’s duty
to perform the work in another location provided that the Company is informed and the
requirements of the Specification and this Appendix are carefully followed. The selected
laboratory shall supervise, record and report all coating work steps. The Company reserve
the right to attend during preparation of samples.

A summary of the Qualification Testing Protocol is given in chapter 5.

3.2.2 Panels preparation

As a general rule the tests shall be performed on steel panels 3 - 6 mm thick in accordance
with the standard ISO 1514 or, for particular tests, as defined in this specification.

For each tests, 2 sets of 4 panels shall be prepared. Both sets shall be identified and then
one shall be used for the test, while the other shall be kept by the laboratory for possible
further checks and controls.

Panels shall be cleaned and painted with the complete paint system, for which the Paint
Manufacturer has required the qualification, according to the requirements listed in the paint
system sheets, as well as those provided by the Specification, including inspections, controls
and testing reports of each working step.

If in the paint system sheet the possibility to apply the paint system over shop-primed surface
is provided, the tests shall be also performed on panels painted with the shop-primer, which

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become an integral part of the paint system subject of the qualification. Shop-primer, not
necessarily produced by the same Paint Manufacturer of the paint system, shall be of type
required by the relevant Specification of the 2000X series.

The paint system shall be in any case tested with and without shop-primer and shall satisfy
the acceptance criteria provided by this Appendix.

Paint systems, intended to be applied on galvanized steel, on stainless steel or special alloys,
shall be tested using panels of the same material provided by the paint system sheet,
following the requirements and the procedures of the Specification.

Once coated, the panels may be tested immediately after complete curing or properly stored.
However the tests shall be executed within 3 months from the preparation of the panels.

One set of panels, prepared as described on the previous item 3.2.2 shall be subject to the
required tests and shall meet the acceptance criteria listed in Table 3 and described in the
following section 5.

At least 3 panels, of the 4 used for each test, shall fulfill the required acceptance criteria.

Electrolyte used for the cyclic tests, shall be synthetic seawater according to standard ISO
15711.

Adhesion tests shall be performed using pneumatic instrument. For anti-skid paint systems,
the adhesion test shall be executed with and without the anti-skid materials.

4. FINAL REPORT OF THE LABORATORY

At completion of all tests the laboratory shall produce and forward to the Company a detailed
report describing and including as follows:

1. Data of panels preparation, including but not limited to surface preparation,

clearing, application, environmental conditions, etc, during all working steps,
2. Identification and coding number of each panel,
3. Description of instruments and equipment used for the tests,
4. Description, values and results of tests and checks performed both on the
paints and on panels,
5. Photographic reports of the various steps both of panels preparation and of
tests execution.

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TABLE 3 – Paint Systems Qualification Tests Summary

Test No. Denomination Standard Method Acceptance Criteria
1 Cyclic Ageing test CX, C5: Annex B – 4200 h ALL PAINT SYSTEMS
ISO 12944-9
Annex B Defects: Standard ISO 4628 - Parts 1 ÷ 6
• Blistering: Rating 0
• Rust: Grade Ri0
• Cracking: Class 0
• Flaking: Class 0
• Chalking: Class 2 (not applicable to paint systems
for immersion)
Adhesion:
ISO 16276-1 or ISO 4624 or ASTM D 4541 (Type III Self-Aligning)
min 5.0 MPa and 50% max reduction from original value. 0% adhesive
failure between primer and steel.
Corrosion from the scribe
• M ≤ 3 mm for zinc rich primed paint system and galvanized
• M ≤ 8 mm for non-zinc rich primed paint system
2 Cathodic ISO 12944-9 ISO 15711-A – 4200 h Maximum disbonding 20 mm
disbonding

3 Sea water ISO 12944-9 ISO 2812-2– 4200 h Defects: Standard ISO 4628 - Parts 1 ÷ 6
immersion Test shall be performed with a temperature of • Blistering: Rating 0
Sea water as per 40°C of the liquid
• Rust: Grade Ri0
ISO 15711
• Cracking: Class 0
• Flaking: Class 0
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TABLE 3 – Paint Systems Qualification Tests Summary

Test No. Denomination Standard Method Acceptance Criteria
• Chalking: Class 2 (not applicable to paint systems
for immersion)
Adhesion
ISO 16276-1 or ISO 4624 or ASTM D 4541 (Type III Self-Aligning)
min 5.0 MPa and 50% max reduction from original value. 0% adhesive
failure between primer and steel.
Corrosion from the scribe
• M ≤ 3 mm for zinc rich primed paint system and galvanized
• M ≤ 8 mm for non-zinc rich primed paint system
4 Chemical ISO 12944-6 ISO 2812-1 and in addition ISO 3231 (30 As required in the item 6.4 of standard ISO 12944-6
resistance cycles of 720 hours). Adhesion
ISO 16276-1 or ISO 4624 or ASTM D 4541 (Type III Self-Aligning)
min 5.0 MPa and 50% max reduction from original value. 0% adhesive
failure between primer and steel.
Corrosion from the scribe
• M ≤ 3 mm for zinc rich primed paint system and galvanized (1)
• M ≤ 6 mm for non-zinc rich primed paint system
5 Thermal Cycle NACE TM0404 As described in Section 9 of standard NACE No cracking, Class 0 standard SO 4628-4 after 232 cycles
TM0404.
6 Thick-Film NACE SP0108 As described in standard NACE TM0104 No cracking after 12 weeks of immersion in synthetic seawater at 40°C
Cracking
7 Impact NACE SP0108 ASTM G 14 or, as alternative, ISO 6272-1 >5,6 J
8 Abrasion ASTM D 4060 Taber Test – 1000 cycles 125 mg/1000 cycles/CS-17 wheel 1000 g.
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TABLE 3 – Paint Systems Qualification Tests Summary

Test No. Denomination Standard Method Acceptance Criteria
9 Cyclic Heating Cyclic test according to following procedure: Defects: Standard ISO 4628 - Parts 1 ÷ 6
1) Heat the panels increasing the temperature • Blistering: Rating 0
rate of 20°C/min up to the target temp* and • Rust: Grade Ri0
kept it 8 hours
• Cracking: Class 0
2) Natural cool 16 hours
• Flaking: Class 0
3) Quench cool with ambient tap water
• Chalking: Class 2 (not applicable to paint systems
4) Prohesion test (ASTM G-85) per 7 days for immersion)
Heat, cool and Prohesion cycle shall be
performed 3 times (500 hours).
NO scribe shall be made on the panels
*: max operating temperature of the coating
system stated in PDS.
(1): Scribe not required for testing against H2SO4 on zinc rich primed samples

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5. QUALIFICATION TESTS DESCRIPTION

The following text gives some useful information in order to facilitate the testing program
definition and the test performing.

For the paint systems intended to be applied on the internal surfaces of steel storage tanks and
of tanks of offshore facilities, the Qualification testing protocol shall be as per standard ISO
16961 - Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Internal coating and lining of
steel storage tanks, section 6 and related subsections.

5.1 TEST 1 CYCLIC AGEING

Ref.Std: ISO 12944-9 Annex B

The scribe line shall be made mechanically (with a machine such as a drill press with cobalt slot
drills). It shall be 50 mm long, 2 mm wide, 12.5 mm from each long edge of the panel and 25
mm from one of the short edges of the panel. It shall cut completely through the paint coating
and into the metal substrate (see also ISO 12944-6, ISO 9227 or ISO 2409).

The exposure cycle used in this procedure lasts a full week (168 hours) and includes:

72 h of exposure to UV and condensation in accordance with ISO 16474-3:2007 under the

following conditions:

1. Method A of ISO 16474-3:2007: alternating periods of 4 h exposure to UV at (60

± 3) °C and 4 h, exposure to condensation at (50 ± 3) °C.
2. Τype II UV lamps (UVA-340) — see ISO 16474-3:2007, Sub clause 5.1.2
3. 72 h of exposure to salt spray in accordance with ISO 9227;
4. 24 h of exposure to low temperature at (-20 ± 2) °C.
5. Start the UV/condensation period with UV exposure and finish with condensation.
6. Between the salt spray and low-temperature periods, rinse the panels with
deionized water but do not dry them.
7. At the beginning of the low-temperature period, the panel shall reach the
temperature of (-20 ± 2) °C within 30 min.

Expose the test panels for 25 cycles or 4200 h.

5.1.1 Acceptance Criteria

Visual defects: Standard ISO 4628 - Parts 1 to 6

1. Blistering: Rating 0
2. Rust: Grade Ri0
3. Cracking: Class 0
4. Flaking: Class 0
5. Chalking: Class 2 (not applicable to paint systems for immersion)

Adhesion:

1. ISO 16276-1, ISO 4624, ASTM D 4541 (Type III Self-Aligning) min 5.0 MPa and
50% max reduction from original value.
2. Assessment after 2 weeks reconditioning as per clause 5.4 of ISO 12944-6 (in
standard atmosphere (23 ± 2) °C/ (50 ± 5) % relative humidity or (20 ± 2) °C/
(65 ± 5) % relative humidity, as defined in ISO 554, before testing).
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Assessment of corrosion from a scribe line:

After removing the coating by a suitable method, measure the width of the corrosion at nine
points (the midpoint of the scribe line and four other points, 5 mm apart, on each side of the
midpoint). Calculate the corrosion creep M from the equation M =(C-W)/2, where C is the
average of the nine width measurements and W is the original width of the scribe.

1. M ≤ 3 mm for zinc rich primed paint system and galvanized substrate

2. M ≤ 8 mm for non-zinc rich primed paint system

5.2 TEST 2 CATHODIC DISBONDING

Ref. Stds: ISO 12944-9, Namely ISO 15711

Immediately before the qualification test, form an artificial holiday (steel substrate totally
exposed) of diameter 6 mm, using the procedure specified in method A of ISO 15711:2003.

Examine the test panel for the presence of accidental holidays by means of a flaw detector as
9.6 of ISO 15711.

Test solutions or Electrolyte shall meet the requirements of section 6.1 of ISO15711.

Artificial sea water composition:

Compound Concentration
g/l
Sodium chloride 23,0
Magnesium chloride 9,8
hexahydrate
Sodium sulfate decahydrate 8,9
Calcium chloride 1,2

The formulation shall contain no other additives, e.g. EDTA.

• Test tank, of glass or other inert material that will not affect the pH of the
electrolyte.
• The tank, either round of diameter not less than 700 mm or rectangular of
minimum side 700 mm, shall have a depth of not less than 200 mm. A system for
aerating the electrolyte shall be provided.
• Anode, of graphite, with a minimum length of 200 mm and a minimum diameter
of 10 mm, or of platinum wire, platinum gauze, platinized titanium or other
materials which show sufficient resistance to anodic polarization in sea water.
• Reference electrode, such as a saturated calomel or Ag/AgCl electrode, constructed
from either glass or plastic, with a porous plug.
• If an Ag/AgCl or other reference electrode is used, it shall be checked against the
saturated calomel electrode and measured potentials corrected (for Ag/AgCl
potential is +0.25 with respect to standard hydrogen electrode).
• Each test panel shall maintain at an electrode potential of (- 1050 ± 5) mV with
reference to the reference electrode.
• Adjust the panels position such that each test panel is not less than 300 mm from
the anode in the tank, is not less than 50 mm from the base, and will be totally
immersed when the tank is filled with the electrolyte.

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• Ensure that no test panel is touching another and that no test panel is in contact
with the side of the tank.
• Ensure that no panel face containing a holiday is shielded from the anode by any
obstruction, including another test panel, and that the flow of electrolyte around
and between the test panels is not impeded.
• Maintain a continual flow of the electrolyte through the tank by introducing fresh,
aerated electrolyte at the base and allowing it to overflow.
• Adjust the rate of flow so that the electrolyte is completely replaced in the tank in
a maximum of 3 days. Alternatively, replace the electrolyte totally at intervals not
exceeding 7 days, and report the procedure used and the frequency of
replacement of the electrolyte in the test report.

Unless otherwise agreed, continue the test for a period of at least 4200 hrs.

After the qualification test, use a sharp, thin-bladed knife to make two radial cuts at 45° to each
other through the coating, intersecting at the centre of the holiday.

Cut the coating down to the steel substrate. Attempt to lift the coating with the point of the
knife. Record the total area now exposed (including the area of the holiday).

5.2.1 Acceptance Criteria

Calculate the disbonded area as the difference between the total area exposed and the area of
the holiday.

From the disbonded area, calculate the corresponding equivalent diameter. The equivalent
diameter of the disbonded area shall not be more than 20mm.

5.3 TEST 3 IMMERSION

Ref.Stds: ISO 12944-9, Namely ISO 2812-2

• System for circulation and aeration of water, or a means for stirring, used in conjunction
with a source of dry, oil-free, pressurized air. If a pump is used, it shall be of a
suitable capacity to agitate the whole contents of the tank.
• Support for the test panels, made from material that is electrically non-conducting,
and arranged so that the panels are maintained at an angle of 15° to 20° to the
vertical, with the test surface uppermost, and with their plane parallel to the
direction of flow of water in the tank.
• The panels shall be at least 30 mm apart, situated at least 30 mm from the bottom
of the tank and at least 30 mm from the walls of the tank. Their positions shall be
changed periodically, either mechanically or by hand.
• Artificial damaging; The scribe line shall be made mechanically (with a machine such
as a drill press with cobalt slot drills). It shall be 50 mm long, 2 mm wide, 12.5
mm from each long edge of the panel and 25 mm from one of the short edges of
the panel. It shall cut completely through the paint coating and into the metal
substrate (see also ISO 12944-6, ISO 9227 or ISO 2409).
• Test solutions or Electrolyte: Shall meet the requirements of section 6.1 of ISO
15711(Artificial sea water).
• Preparation for Test; Add sufficient water to the tank such on the support, are
immersed for three-quarters of their length.
• Commence the circulation and aeration of the water in the tank.

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• Adjust the temperature of water to (40 ± 1) °C and maintain this temperature

throughout the test.
• Test pieces can either be partially or fully immersed. If partial immersion is
required, the test pieces should be immersed for three-quarters of their length. If
full immersion is required, the test pieces should be immersed such that the water
level is a minimum of 50 mm above the top of the test piece to avoid waterline
oxygen concentration difference effects.
• Place the test panels in the tank for the specified period, rearranging them at
regular intervals of not more than 3 days.
• Interim inspections
• For interim inspections during the test period, if specified, remove each panel from
the tank at the appropriate time(s) and dry the panels by blotting with absorbent
paper.
• Within 1 min of drying, examine the panels for blistering in accordance with ISO
4628-2, or other signs of deterioration, and immediately return them to the tank.

Unless otherwise agreed, continue the test for a period of at least 4200 hrs.

5.3.1 Acceptance Criteria

1. Visual defects: Standard ISO 4628 - Parts 1 to 6

2. Blistering: Rating 0
3. Rust: Grade Ri0
4. Cracking: Class 0
5. Flaking: Class 0
6. Chalking: Class 2 (not applicable to paint systems for immersion)

Adhesion:

ISO 16276-1, ISO 4624, ASTM D 4541 (Type III Self-Aligning) min 5.0 MPa and 50% max
reduction from original value. Assessment after 2 weeks' reconditioning as per clause 5.4 of ISO
12944-6(in standard atmosphere (23 ± 2) °C/(50 ± 5) % relative humidity or (20 ± 2) °C/(65
± 5) % relative humidity, as defined in ISO 554, before testing).

Assessment of corrosion from a scribe line:

After removing the coating by a suitable method, measure the width of the corrosion at nine
points (the midpoint of the scribe line and four other points, 5 mm apart, on each side of the
midpoint). Calculate the corrosion creep M from the equation M =(C-W)/2, where C is the
average of the nine width measurements and W is the original width of the scribe.

1. M ≤ 3 mm for zinc rich primed paint system and galvanized substrate

2. M ≤ 8 mm for non-zinc rich primed paint system

5.4 TEST 4 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

Ref.Stds: ISO 12944-6, ISO 2812-1 and ISO 3231

When testing in accordance with ISO 2812-1, the following chemicals of recognized analytical
quality shall be used:

1. NaOH, 10 % (m/m) aqueous solution.

2. H2SO4, 10 % (m/m), aqueous.

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3. Mineral spirit, 18 % aromatics.

The tests and test durations given in table 1 of ISO 12944-6(168 hours) are intended for paint
systems applied on steel substrates.

Test durations given in table 2 of ISO 12944-6 are intended for paint systems applied on zinc-
coated steel (both hot dip-galvanized and thermally sprayed).

Preparation for Test

• Artificial damaging; The scribe line shall be made mechanically (with a machine
such as a drill press with cobalt slot drills). It shall be 50 mm long, 2 mm wide,
12.5 mm from each long edge of the panel and 25 mm from one of the short
edges of the panel. It shall cut completely through the paint coating and into the
metal substrate (see also ISO 12944-6, ISO 9227 or ISO 2409). On zinc rich
primed samples or HDG, the scribe is not required for testing against H2SO4.
• Pour a sufficient quantity of test liquid into a suitable vessel (made of inert
material, capable of holding the test liquid and test panels ) to immerse the test
panel or test rod to the required depth.
• Stand or hang the test piece in an approximately vertical position in the vessel,
so that it is half-immersed in the test liquid.

NOTE; Immersion depths other than half-immersion may be used by agreement.

• If several test pieces are loaded in the vessel at the same time, make sure that
they are spaced at least 5 mm apart or in the case of highly conductive test
liquids,30 mm apart (see 8.2 of ISO 2812-1).
• Cover the vessel for the duration of the test, in order to minimize liquid loss due
to evaporation or splashing. If agreed, shake or stir the liquid.
• If agreed, compensate for any loss of liquid by adding test liquid or water
conforming to the requirements of grade 3 of ISO 3696 at specified intervals, in
order to keep the initial volume or initial concentration constant.
• If agreed, the test may be performed at a higher temperature. The vessel and the
test liquid shall already be heated to the specified test temperature in a heating
cabinet (up to 40 °C) before immersing the test piece.
• The test temperature shall be maintained with an accuracy of ± 3 °C.

5.4.1 Acceptance Criteria

Assessment methods & Requirements

1. ISO 4628-2 Blistering 0 (S0) (assessment immediately)

2. ISO 4628-3 Rusting Ri 0 (assessment immediately)
3. ISO 4628-4 Cracking 0 (S0) (assessment immediately)
4. ISO 4628-5 Flaking 0 (S0) (assessment immediately)

Adhesion:

ISO 16276-1, ISO 4624, ASTM D 4541 (Type III Self-Aligning) min 5.0 MPa and 50% max
reduction from original value. Assessment after 2 weeks' reconditioning as per clause 5.4 of ISO
12944-6(in standard atmosphere (23 ± 2) °C/(50 ± 5) % relative humidity or (20 ± 2) °C/(65
± 5) % relative humidity, as defined in ISO 554, before testing).

Assessment of corrosion from a scribe line:

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After removing the coating by a suitable method, measure the width of the corrosion at nine
points (the midpoint of the scribe line and four other points, 5 mm apart, on each side of the
midpoint). Calculate the corrosion creep M from the equation M =(C-W)/2, where C is the
average of the nine width measurements and W is the original width of the scribe.

• M ≤ 3 mm for zinc rich primed paint system and galvanized (except zinc layer against
H2SO4)
• M ≤ 6 mm for non-zinc rich primed paint system

5.5 TEST 4 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE-SO2 ATMOSPHERE

Ref.Std: ISO 3231

Reagent

Sulphur dioxide, either supplied from a gas cylinder or gas-generating device fitted with
appropriate regulating and measuring apparatus to ensure the supply of the correct volume of
gas, or generated within the cabinet, for example by mixing analytical grade sodium sulphite
(Na2SO3) with an excess of analytical-grade sulphuric acid (p = I,84 g/ml).

Apparatus

Artificial damaging; The scribe line shall be made mechanically (with a machine such as a drill
press with cobalt slot drills). It shall be 50 mm long, 2 mm wide, 12.5 mm from each long edge
of the panel and 25 mm from one of the short edges of the panel. It shall cut completely through
the paint coating and into the metal substrate (see also ISO 12944-6, ISO 9227 or ISO 2409).

Airtight cabinet, of capacity (300 ±10) liter, in the base of which is a watertight trough, of
suitable capacity, fitted with a means of heating the water to meet the requirements.

The dimensions and design of the airtight cabinet are not critical, provided the requirements are
met.

It shall be constructed of an inert material and have a roof which prevents condensed water
from dripping on to the test panels.

The airtight cabinet shall be provided with a means of relieving excess pressure, and a gas inlet
pipe shall be situated immediately above the water surface.

The airtight cabinet shall also be provided with a means of controlling the temperature, which
shall be measured in the space above the test panels.

The apparatus may also be fitted with a door or a removable hood.

Stand for test panels, made of, or coated with, an inert material. The test panels shall be
arranged vertically so that they are at least 100 mm from any wall or cover and at least 20 mm
from each other, and so that the lower edges of the panels are at least 200 mm above the water.

If possible, the test panels shall be arranged at the same level for comparative tests; if this is
not possible, care shall be taken to ensure that water that has condensed on upper panels does
not drip on to the lower panels.

The stand shall be of sufficient size to accommodate test panels with a total surface area (all
panels together) of 0,5 m².

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Environmental cabinet, capable of being maintained at a temperature of (23 ± 5) °C and relative

humidity of (50 ± 20) %, also including a stand for test panels.

Drying and conditioning

Dry (or stove) and age (if applicable) each coated test panel for the specified time and under
the specific conditions and, unless otherwise specified, condition them at a temperature of (23
± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (50 ± 5) % for at least 16 h, with free circulation of air and
not exposed to direct sunlight.

The test procedure shall then be carried out as soon as possible.

Procedure

Either set up the airtight cabinet in a room with atmosphere temperature of (23 ± 5°C) and
relative humidity of (50 ± 20) %, as have available the environmental cabinet.

Protect the apparatus from draughts and direct sunlight.

Filling the trough Fill the trough with (2 ± 0,2) liters of water of at least grade 3 purity as
specified in IS0 3696.

Drain and renew the water prior to each heating operation Arrangement of the test panels
Arrange the test panels in the airtight cabinet as specified in the section Stand for test panels.

As the same volume of sulphur dioxide is introduced at each test cycle, the total surface area of
the test panels in the airtight cabinet is important and, for comparative tests, the total test panel
area in that cabinet should preferably be the same. In cases of dispute or for critical tests, the
total surface area of the test panels shall be (0,5 ± 0,l) m².

For critical applications, the test panels in the airtight cabinet shall be restricted to the type
undergoing evaluation for a particular purpose.

NOTE: Different types of film absorb sulphur dioxide at different rates and to different extents, so that the
operation of the test may be affected by the types of test panel included in the airtight cabinet.

For example, the inclusion of oil paints and matt paints containing reactive basic pigments will reduce
the severity of the test for other panels.

Introduction of sulphur dioxide

Close the airtight cabinet and introduce 0,2 litre or I,0 litre of sulphur dioxide, measured at
atmospheric pressure, as specified.

NOTE: By agreement, other amounts of sulphur dioxide may be used.

Test cycle

After the introduction of the sulphur dioxide, switch on the heating appliance and raise the air
temperature to (40 ± 3)°C, in not more than 1,5 h, and maintain this temperature for a total
period of 8 h from the commencement of the test cycle.

At the end of this period, either

a. Switch off the heating appliance and open the door completely or raise the
hood of the apparatus to at least the upper edge of the test panels; or
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b. Transfer the panels to the environmental cabinet.

After a further 16 h, remove the test panels from the appropriate cabinet and carry out an
interim examination.

Replace the panels in the airtight cabinet, change the water and repeat for the specified
number(30) of cycles.

Normally, cycles should follow without interruption, but if breaks occur, for example for the
weekend, record this fact in the test report.

Final inspection

At the end of the specified number of test cycles, remove the panels from the appropriate
cabinet, blot them with absorbent paper and immediately examine the whole test surface of
each panel.

5.5.1 Acceptance Criteria

Assessment methods & Requirements

1. ISO 4628-2 Blistering 0 (S0) (assessment immediately)

2. ISO 4628-3 Rusting Ri 0 (assessment immediately)
3. ISO 4628-4 Cracking 0 (S0) (assessment immediately)
4. ISO 4628-5 Flaking 0 (S0) (assessment immediately)

Adhesion:

ISO 16276-1, ISO 4624, ASTM D 4541 (Type III Self-Aligning) min 5.0 MPa and 50% max
reduction from original value. Assessment after 2 weeks' reconditioning as per clause 5.4 of ISO
12944-6(in standard atmosphere (23 ± 2) °C/(50 ± 5) % relative humidity or (20 ± 2) °C/(65
± 5) % relative humidity, as defined in ISO 554, before testing).

Assessment of corrosion from a scribe line:

After removing the coating by a suitable method, measure the width of the corrosion at nine
points (the midpoint of the scribe line and four other points, 5 mm apart, on each side of the
midpoint). Calculate the corrosion creep M from the equation M =(C-W)/2, where C is the
average of the nine width measurements and W is the original width of the scribe.

1. M ≤ 6 mm for non-zinc rich primed paint system

5.6 TEST 5 THERMAL CYCLE

Ref.Std: NACE TM0404

The test specimen used for the thermal-cycling resistance test shall be a C-channel steel block.

The test specimen used for the thermal-cycling resistance coated C-channel block shall be post
cured at 60°C (140°F) for one week before running the thermal-cycling test.

The test specimens shall be tested at an upper temperature of 60°C (140°F) or at the maximum
service temperature of the system, and a lower temperature of -30°C (-22°F), with two hours
per cycle.
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The heating, soaking, and cooling time in one cycle shall be adjusted so that the entire cycle can
be done in two hours.

Because of thermal inertia, the sample heating or cooling rate depends on the number of test
specimens in the oven.

The test duration shall be at least three weeks or 252 thermal cycles.

5.6.1 Acceptance Criteria

At the end of the test period, the coating system on the test specimens shall be examined for
cracking of the coating, particularly at corners as per ISO 4628-4 and the acceptance criteria is
class 0.

These test specimens shall be viewed under a 30x stereo microscope.

5.7 TEST NO: 6 THICK FILM CRACKING

Ref.Std: NACE SP0108 as described in NACE TM0104

Test Specimen Preparation

Test specimens shall be prepared using C-channel steel, 76 mm (3.0 in.) long, 50 mm (2.0 in.)
wide, and 3.18 mm (0.125 in) thick as the substrate material.

Multiple coating passes shall be applied onto the concave side of the C-channel steel to build up
to three times the specified DFT for each coat of the multicoat coating system on the flat steel
surface.

A maximum DFT of 1.5 mm (60 mil) shall be used if the total DFT is uncertain. The coating
system shall be allowed to cure at room temperature for one week.

Test Procedure

The test specimen shall be immersed in synthetic seawater at 40 ± 2°C for 12 weeks.

The coating system on the exposed test specimen shall be examined for any cracking with a
stereo microscope at 30x magnification.

5.7.1 Acceptance Criteria

No cracking after 12 weeks of immersion in synthetic seawater at 40°C.

5.8 TEST NO: 7 IMPACT TESTING

Ref.Std: NACE SP0108 as described in ASTM G14

Summary of Test Method

This test method uses a falling fixed weight having a specified diameter impact surface, tup,
which is restrained

vertically and dropped from varying heights to produce impact energies over the required range.
Electrical inspection is used to detect resultant breaks in the coating. Impact resistance is
determined as the amount of energy required to cause penetration of the coating film.

Apparatus
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Tup—The tup shall be made up from a tup body and a tup nose having a combined, fixed weight
of 1.361 kg (3.00 lb) and shall be used over a drop range of 0.61 to 1.22 m (2 to 4 ft). The tup
nose shall have a 15.875-mm (5⁄8-in.) hemispherical head.

Drop Tube— A tube 1.52 m (5 ft) long shall be used to contain the tup and guide it during free
fall. The drop tube shall be constructed of steel, aluminium, or any other suitably rigid material
and internally sized to provide a minimum of friction to the falling tup. A scale shall be attached
for measuring the height of drop to the nearest 2.54 mm (0.10 in.).

Specimen Holder—The base plate of the apparatus shall include a device for positioning and
holding the pipe specimen on line with the axis of the vertical drop tube.

Apparatus Support—Both the apparatus and sample shall be firmly supported and secured to a
rigid base to optimize energy transfer from the tup to the specimen.

Test Specimen

The test specimen shall be a 406.4 mm (16 in.) long piece of Schedule 40, 60.325 mm (2.375
in.) outside diameter coated pipe prepared with its surface preparation and coating procedures
equivalent to that of production coated pipe.

Seven specimens shall be required for the test.

Conditioning

The specimen shall be exposed to a room temperature of 21 to 25°C (70 to 77°F) for a period
of 24 h before beginning the test.

Preliminary Measurements

Make a preliminary set of impact readings to determine the approximate starting point for the
test. This shall be done by striking the first specimen from a height sufficient to cause failure of
the coating film.

Consider any penetration a failure if it is detectable with a suitable Holiday Detector as specified
in Test Methods G 62. Reduce the height by 50 % and make a second exploratory drop at a
fresh area on the pipe surface.

Continue testing in this manner, with the corresponding reduction in height between drops, until
the coating fails to break.

Note: Choose test locations at the specimen surface in a random manner and keep at least a
76.2-mm (3-in.) distance between adjacent points of impact and within 38 mm (11⁄2 in.) from
the ends. Choosing test points in any regular pattern will bias the experiment and introduce
error in to the test results.

Repeat the test at the height immediately preceding the occurrence of the no failure to determine
if an approximate level for the mean impact strength has been bracketed.

Two successive reversals of coating performance between failure and no failure will give
sufficient indication that the point has been reached.

Procedure

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Perform the test at a room temperature of 21 to 25°C (70 to 77°F).

Begin testing from the approximate height determined in the previous section and corresponding
to the point at which the first non-failure was registered.

Maintain a fixed increment between adjacent testing heights.

Use a suitable detector, as specified in Test Method G 6, to determine penetration or lack of the
coating after each individual impact.

If the coating film is penetrated on the initial drop, make the next test at the next lower height
increment. If the first specimen does not fail, make the second test at the next higher increment.

In a similar manner, determine the height of fall by the performance of the coating on each
preceding drop. Maintain a constant height increment between readings.

Continue to apply this “up-and-down” method until 20 successive impact readings have been
made.

Calculation

Calculate the mean value of impact strength, m, in g/cm (or in./lb) as follows:

Where:

h0 = minimum height at which the less frequent event occurs, cm (or in.),

d = increment in height of drop, cm (or in.),

A = sum of the frequency of occurrence at each height increment times the number of
increments above the
h0 value for each observation in the N total.

N = total number of the less frequent event (coating failures or non-failures),

W = tup weight, g (or lb).

NOTE 4—The minus sign is used when the calculation of the mean is based on the total number of coating
failures and the plus sign when it is based on the non-failures.

Energy (Joules) = mass (kg) x g (9.8) x h (meter)

5.8.1 Acceptance Criteria

1. Joules of total load and no holidays.

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5.9 TEST 8 ABRASION RESISTANCE

Ref.Std: ASTM D 4060

Summary of Test Method

The organic coating is applied at uniform thickness to a plane, rigid panel and, after curing, the
surface is abraded by rotating the panel under weighted abrasive wheels.

Abrasion resistance is calculated as loss in weight at a specified number of abrasion cycles, as

loss in weight per cycle, or as number of cycles required to remove a unit amount of coating
thickness.

Abrasive Wheels

Resilient Calibrated wheels No: CS-17.

Because of the slow hardening of the bonding material resilient wheels should not be used after
the date marked on them, or one year after their purchase if the wheels are not dated.

The wheels shall be 12.7 ± 0.3 mm thick and have an external diameter of 51.9 ± 0.5 mm when
new, and in no case less than 44.4 mm.

Resurface the wheels by running them 50 cycles against the resurfacing medium.

Warning—Do not brush or touch the surface of the wheels after they are refaced.

NOTE —The wheels shall be resurfaced in this manner before testing each specimen and after every 500
cycles.

Test Specimens

Apply a uniform coating of the material to be tested to a rigid panel having both surfaces
substantially plane and parallel. Specimens shall be a disk or a square plate with a 6.5 mm (1⁄4)
hole centrally located on each panel. Typical dimensions for a test panel are 100 mm in diameter
or 100 by 100 mm.

Prepare a minimum of two coated panels for the material.

Conditioning

Cure the coated panel under conditions of humidity and temperature as agreed upon between
the interested parties.

Unless otherwise agreed upon between the interested parties, condition the coated panel for at
least 24 h at 23 ± 2°C (73.4 ± 3.6°F) and 50 ±5 % relative humidity. Conduct the test in the
same environment or immediately on removal.

Procedure

Weigh the test specimen to the nearest 0.1 mg and record this weight

Mount the test specimen on the abrader turntable platform with the side to be abraded facing
up. Secure using the clamp plate and nut. Place the abrading heads on the test film and the
vacuum pick-up nozzle in position. Affix the auxiliary Set the counter and vacuum suction.

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NOTE—To generate a uniform wear pattern, specimen surfaces must be plane and parallel. If a sample is
slightly warped, the model E140-14. Rimmed Specimen Holder with Ring Clamp5 or similar may be
used. This holder clamps the sample against a flat rigid plate about the perimeter of the sample.

NOTE—If using a dual table abrader and the second table is not in use, mount a sample to the table and set
the vacuum nozzle height

Subject the test specimen to abrasion for the specified number of cycles or until wear through
of the coating is observed.

Remove any loose abrading remaining on the test specimen by light brushing. Reweigh the test
specimen.

Repeat the above steps on at least one additional test specimen of the material under test.

5.9.1 Acceptance Criteria

1. 125 mg/1000 cycles/CS-17 wheel 1000g.

5.10 TEST 9 CYCLIC HEATING

Ref.Std: ASTM G 85 Annex A5

Cyclic test according to following procedure:

1. Heat the panels increasing the temperature rate of 20°C/min up to the target
temp and kept it 8 hours
2. Natural cool 16 hours
3. Quench cool with ambient tap water
4. Prohesion test (ASTM G-85 Annex A5 ) per 7 days
5. Heat, cool and Prohesion cycle shall be performed 3 times (500 hours).
6. NO scribe shall be made on the panels.

Prohesion Test:

• “Spray” (fog) solution: 0.05 % sodium chloride and 0.35 % ammonium sulfate by
mass in Specification D 1193 Type IV water.
• The test is 2 hour repetitive cycles: 1-h spray with exposure zone temperature at
ambient room temperature of 24°C (±3°C) [75°F (± 6°F)]; and 1–h dry off at
35°C (± 1.5°C) [95°F (±3°F)].
• The dry off temperature must reach and remain at 35°C (±1.5°C) [95°F (±3°F)]
within 3/4-h of switching from spray.
• The dry off is achieved by purging with fresh air such that within 3/4-h all visible
moisture is dried off the specimens.
• Each set point and its tolerance represents an operational control point for
equilibrium conditions at a single location in the cabinet which may not necessarily
represent the uniformity of conditions throughout the cabinet.
• Spray fog atmosphere at a rate of 1.0 to 2.0 mL/h per 80 cm2 of horizontal
collection area, based on a separate continuous fog cycle of at least 16 h. The
spray atomizing air is not saturated with water.
• pH 5.0 to 5.4 of collected solution.

5.10.1 Acceptance Criteria

Defects: Standard ISO 4628 - Parts 1 ÷ 6

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1. Blistering: Rating 0
2. Rust: Grade Ri0
3. Cracking: Class 0
4. Flaking: Class 0
5. Chalking: Class 2 (not applicable to paint systems for immersion)

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Table 4 - COATING SYSTEMS AND APPLICABLE TESTS FOR QUALIFICATION (Tank linings not included)
COATING SYSTEMS
11 12 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SS SS HDG 15 24 30 31 32
TEST METHOD
1. Ageing Test ISO 12944-9 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes
(Annex B)
2. Cathodic ISO 12944-9 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA NA NA Yes Yes NA Yes NA NA Yes
Disbonding ISO 15711 Annex A
3. I mmersion ISO 20340 : 2009 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA NA NA Yes Yes NA Yes NA NA Yes
Test ISO 2812-2 Synthetic sea water at
40°C
ISO 12944-6
ISO 2812-2
168 Hours
4. Chemical NaOH (10%) H2 SO4 (10%)
Mineral Spirit (18% Aromatics) NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes NA NA Yes Yes NA Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes
Resistance

ISO 3231
SO2 Test ,30 Cycles = 720 Hours
5. Thermal NACE TM0404 NA Yes NA NA NA NA Yes NA Yes Yes NA NA NA NA NA Yes Yes NA
Cycle 232 Cycles – C-channels
6. Thick Film NACE TM0104 - 12 Weeks immersion Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes
Cracking in synthetic sea water
7. Impact ASTM G14 ( panels)
Testing (NACE SP0108)>5.6J. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes Yes NA NA Yes
ASTM G14 (pipes)>5.6J.
8. Abrasion ASTM D4060 – Taber Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes
Resistance 1000 Cycles – CS17 wheels
Procedure:
Heat 8 hours at target temperature
9. Cyclic (20ºC/min).
NA NA NA NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA NA Yes Yes NA
Heating Natural cool + quench. Place in prohesion
7 days. Repeat the above steps 3 times.

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For qualification of coating/lining systems for steel storage tanks, testing shall be as per ISO 16961, clause 6, subclauses 6.11 and Table 1, 6.12 and Table
2, 6.13 and Table 3.

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