Lesson 3.

The Skeletal System

 Learning Competency

At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning

competency should be met by the students.

Explain how the organs of each organ system work

together (S6LT-IIa-b-1).
 Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

do the following:
● Determine the structure and functions of the organs in the
skeletal system.

● Explain how the organs of the skeletal system work together.

● Develop healthful habits that promote proper functioning of

the different body systems.
Our bones serve as the framework of the body. It also protects
delicate organs found inside the body.
Preserved skeletal
remains of some
animals are found in
the museum.

What do you think

would happen if we
didn’t have bones?
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The Skeletal System

● The skeletal system provides the
framework of the body and serves
as its structural support.

● It protects some body parts that are

soft and delicate.

● The bones, with the help of muscles,

make movement possible. The human skeletal system
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The Skeletal System

● Bones can store minerals,
especially calcium and
phosphorus.

● The bones are also one of the

organs that manufacture blood
cells.

The human skeletal system

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Bone Structure
● The periosteum protects
the bone.

● The compact bone portion

makes the bones sturdy.

● Spongy bone consists of Bone structure

many tiny spaces that
stores the bone marrow.
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Bone Structure
● The bone marrow is responsible for making blood cells
(red bone marrow) and storing fat (yellow bone marrow).

Bone structure
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Divisions of the Skeleton

● The skull or cranium protects the
head.

● The axial skeleton includes the

bones of the neck, back, and chest.

● The appendicular skeleton includes

the bones of the limbs.
Divisions of skeletal system
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Bones of the Body

Name of Bone Location Function
skull head protects the brain
mandible (jawbone) head supports mouth parts for chewing
clavicle (collar bone) shoulders supports arm and shoulders
scapula (shoulder blades) shoulders supports arm and shoulders
ribcage body trunk protects internal organs
sternum (breastbone) body trunk protects heart and lungs
vertebrae (spinal column) neck and back protects spinal cord
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Bones of the Body

Name of Bone Location Function
humerus upper arms supports limbs
radio-ulna lower arms supports arms and fingers
carpals wrist supports wrist and hands
metacarpals hands supports the hands and palms
phalanges fingers/toes supports the hands, palms, feet
pelvic girdle hips protects internal organs
femur (thighbone) lower limbs supports the trunk
patella knees protects the knees
tibio-fibula legs supports legs and thighs
tarsals ankles supports the ankles and feet
metatarsals feet supports the feet
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Diseases and Conditions

● Breakages in bones are
called fractures.

● Osteoporosis is when
bones become porous.

Comparison of bones of a normal

individual and one with osteoporosis
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Diseases and Conditions

● Rickets is caused by a
vitamin D deficiency.

● Arthritis is a common
condition due to the wear
and tear of the joints.
Comparison of a joint with and
without arthritis
 Key Points

● The main organs of this system are the bones.

● The major functions of this system are structural support,

movement, and protection of other organs.

● Many diseases of the skeletal system involve the weakening or

breaking of the bones.
Key Points
 Bibliography

Alton Biggs, et al. 2013. Glencoe Science Biology. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Education (Asia).

Capco, Carmelita M. Biology. Quezon City: Phoenix, 2003.

Cessie Starr and Ralph Taggart. 1995. Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life. USA: Wadsworth Publishing
Company.

Jane B. Reece, et al. 2011. Campbell Biology 10th Edition. USA: Pearson Education.

Strauss, Eric and Marylin Lisowski. 2000. Biology 2nd Edition. Singapore: Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd.

Vengco, Lilia, and Teresita Religioso. Integrated Science 3rd Edition. Quezon City: Phoenix, 2011.