How to apply the rules of differentiation

Now, let's combine rules by type of function and their corresponding graphs.
For complete discussion, let’s assume the following
Derivative of a constant
Our function is equal to a constant, and the derivative is equal to zero
𝑦=𝐶 𝑑𝑦
⇒ =𝑑 𝐶 =0
𝑑𝑥
Example:
3
1. 𝑦 = 3 2. 𝑦 = −2 3. 𝑦 =
4
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
=𝑑 3 =𝟎 = 𝑑 −2 = 𝟎 𝑑𝑦 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =𝑑 =𝟎
𝑑𝑥 4
𝒚′ = 𝟎 𝒚′ = 𝟎
𝒚′ = 𝟎
Derivative of a linear function
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 Example:
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑎𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑑 𝑏 1. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5 2. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 4
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 2𝑥 + 5 𝑑 3𝑥 − 4
𝑑𝑦
=𝑎 1 + 0 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑑 5 = 3𝑑 𝑥 − 𝑑 4
Remember d(x) = 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Remember d(constant) = 0 𝑑𝑦
a and b are constant
𝑑𝑦
=2 1 +0 =3 1 −0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
=𝑎 =2 =3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝒚′ = 𝒂 𝒚′ = 𝟐 𝒚′ = 𝟑
3. 𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 3 Derivative of polynomial of order 2 or higher
𝑑𝑦
𝑑 −4𝑥 + 3 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑢𝑛 + 𝑏 ⇒ = 𝑎 n𝑢𝑛−1 du + d(b)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= −4𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑑 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + 5
= −4 1 + 0
𝑑𝑥 a = 3; b = 5, u = x and n =2
𝒚′ = −𝟒 𝑑𝑦
= 3 2 𝑥 2−1 𝑑(𝑥) +𝑑(5)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
=3 2𝑥 1 + 0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 3 2𝑥 + 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 6x
𝑑𝑥

𝒚′ = 𝟔𝒙
2. 𝑦 = −4𝑥 3 + 2
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑢𝑛 + 𝑏 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑎 n𝑢𝑛−1 du + d(b)
a = – 4, b = 2, u = x and n = 3
𝑑𝑦
= −4 3 𝑥 3−1 𝑑(𝑥) + d( 2)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= −4 3 𝑥2 (1) + 0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= −4 3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= − 12𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

𝒚′ = −𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐
3. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 −3 − 4

𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 4, 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 = −3

𝑦 = 𝑎𝑢𝑛 + 𝑏 = 𝑎 𝑑 𝑢𝑛 + 𝑑 𝑏
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 𝑎 n𝑢𝑛−1 du + d(b)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 2 −3 𝑥 −3−1 𝑑 𝑥 −𝑑 4 = −6𝑥 −4
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
= 2 −3𝑥 −4 1 −0 = −6
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥4
𝑑𝑦 𝟔
= 2 −3 𝑥 −4 ′
𝒚 =− 𝟒
𝑑𝑥 𝒙
 Derivative of sums or differences of two or more functions
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 =𝑓 𝑥 ±𝑔 𝑥 … ⇒ =𝑑 𝑓 𝑥 ±𝑑 𝑔 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Example:
𝑦 = 4𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 7 + 1 ⇒ 𝑦 = d (4𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 7 + 1)

𝑑𝑦
= 𝑑 4𝑥 3 + 𝑑 3𝑥 5 −𝑑 2𝑥 7 +𝑑 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 4𝑑 𝑥 3 +3𝑑 𝑥 5 −2𝑑 𝑥 7 + 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 4 3𝑥 2 + 3 5𝑥 4 −2 7𝑥 6
𝑑𝑥
Some use 𝑑𝑦
= 12𝑥 2 +15𝑥 4 −14𝑥 6
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑢; 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑣 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
=𝑑 𝑢±𝑣 =𝑑 𝑢 ±𝑑 𝑣 … 𝒚′ = 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟒𝒙𝟔
𝑑𝑥
Derivative of product of two functions 𝑑 𝑢𝑣 = 𝑢𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦
𝑦= 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 ⇒ = 𝑓 ′ 𝑔 + 𝑔′ 𝑓 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥+1 𝒅 𝑥−5 + 𝑥−5 𝒅 𝑥+1
Some use 𝑑𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑣 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥+1 1 + 𝑥−5 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑑 𝑢𝑣 = 𝑢𝑑 𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑 𝑢 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥+1 + 𝑥−5
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑢𝑣 = 𝑢𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦
=𝑥+1+𝑥−5
𝑑𝑥
Example:
𝑑𝑦
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 𝑥 − 5 = 2𝑥 −4
𝑑𝑥
u v
⇔ 𝒚′ = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒
du = d(x + 1) dv = d(x – 5)
du = 1 dv = 1
2. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 3 4𝑥 3 + 2
u v
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 2𝑥 3 − 3 𝑑𝑣 = 4𝑥 3 + 2
𝑑𝑢 = 6𝑥 2 𝑑𝑣 = 12𝑥 2

𝑑 𝑢𝑣 = 𝑢𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑥 3 − 3 𝒅 4𝑥 3 + 2 + 4𝑥 3 + 2 𝒅 2𝑥 3 − 3
𝑑𝑥
u dv v du 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 5 −24𝑥 2
3 2 = 48𝑥
= 2𝑥 3 − 3 12𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 24𝑥 5 −36𝑥 2 +24𝑥 5 +12𝑥 2 = 24𝑥 2 2𝑥 3 − 1 → by factoring
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 24𝑥 5 − 36𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 5 + 12𝑥 2 𝒚′ = 𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏
𝑑𝑥
Derivative of quotient or ratio of two functions dv
v du u
𝑓 𝑥 ′ ′ 𝑓 𝑑𝑦 2 − 𝑥 𝑑 3𝑥 + 9 − 3𝑥 + 9 𝑑 2 − 𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑔 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑔 −𝑔 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑔2 𝑑𝑥 2−𝑥 2
for some 𝑣2
𝑑𝑦 2−𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 9 −1
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑣 =
𝑑𝑥 2−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑢 𝑣𝑑 𝑢 − 𝑢𝑑 𝑣
= =
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2 𝑑𝑦 6−3𝑥− −3𝑥−9
Example:
=
𝑑𝑥 2−𝑥 2

3𝑥+9 𝑢 𝑑𝑦 6 − 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 9
1. 𝑦 = = 𝑣 =
2−𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 15
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 3𝑥 + 9 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑 2 − 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 2−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢 = 3 𝑑𝑣 = −1
𝟏𝟓
𝒚′ =
𝟐−𝒙 𝟐
 4 𝑥 v du u dv
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 −2 𝑑𝑦 2 2
𝑥 −2 𝑑 4 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 𝑑 𝑥 −2
=
𝑑𝑦 𝑢 𝑣𝑑 𝑢 − 𝑢𝑑 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 − 2 2
= = v
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2 − 2 2𝑥 −
− 4 𝑥 (2𝑥)
2
4 𝑥 𝑢 =
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 −2 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 − 2 2
𝑣
1 3
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2 − 2 2𝑥 −2 −8𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑 𝑥 2 − 2 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 − 2 2
= 4𝑑 𝑥
1
1 𝑑𝑦
−
2𝑥 2 𝑥 2 − 2 −4𝑥 2 ⇒by factoring
= 4𝑑 𝑥2 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 −2 2
1 −1
=4 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 2𝑥
−
1
2 𝑥 2 −2−4𝑥 2
2
=
1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 −2 2
−2
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 2𝑥 1
−2
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 −2 − 3𝑥 2
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 − 2 2
 1
−2
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 −2 − 3𝑥 2
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 − 2 2

𝑑𝑦 2 −2 − 3𝑥 2 ⇒Change negative exponent

= 1 to positive exponent
𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥2 − 2 2

𝑑𝑦 2 3𝑥 2 + 2
=− 1 ⇒factoring negative signs
𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥2 − 2 2

𝟐 𝟑𝒙𝟐 +𝟐
y’= − 𝟏 𝟐
𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐 −𝟐
 𝑤 2 −8𝑤+20
3. 𝑓 𝑤 = 𝑤−3
𝑑𝑦 𝑢 𝑣𝑑 𝑢 − 𝑢𝑑 𝑣
= =
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2
𝑤 2 −8𝑤+20 𝑢
𝑓 𝑤 = =
𝑤−3 𝑣

𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 𝑤 2 − 8𝑤 + 20 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑 𝑤 − 3
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑤 − 8 𝑑𝑣 = 1
v 2 du 2
u dv
𝑤 − 3 𝑑 𝑤 − 8𝑤 + 20 − 𝑤 − 8𝑤 + 20 𝑑 𝑤 −3
𝑓′ 𝑤 =
𝑤−3 2
v

𝑤 − 3 2𝑤 − 8 − 𝑤 2 − 8𝑤 + 20 1
𝑓′ 𝑤 =
𝑤−3 2
 2𝑤 2 − 14𝑤 + 14 − 𝑤 2 − 8𝑤 + 20
𝑓′ 𝑤 =
𝑤−3 2

′
2𝑤 2 − 14𝑤 + 14 − 𝑤 2 + 8𝑤 − 20
𝑓 𝑤 = ⇒combining like terms
𝑤−3 2

𝑤 2 − 6𝑤 − 6
𝑓′ 𝑤 =
𝑤−3 2

𝒘𝟐 − 𝟔𝒘 − 𝟔
𝒚′ =
𝒘−𝟑 𝟐
 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 𝑥−2
4. 𝑔 𝑥 = −
𝑥 𝑥

(𝑥 2 +𝑥 − 2) − 𝑥 − 2
𝑔 𝑥 = ⇒Subtraction of similar fraction
𝑥

𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 2 − 𝑥 + 2
𝑔 𝑥 = ⇒combining like terms
𝑥
𝑥2 −
1 3 1
𝑔 𝑥 = 2
= 𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑔′ 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 (𝑑𝑥)
𝑥 2
3
𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥2 𝟑 𝟏
𝒚′ = 𝒙𝟐
⇒ 𝑑 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛 𝑢𝑛 −1 𝑑 𝑢 𝟐

3 3−1
𝑔′ 𝑥 = 𝑥2 𝑑 𝑥
2
Do your homework no. 5