Name: Santan, Dece Andrea O.

Date Performed: 9/29/2022

Course/Year/Section: BS Civil Engineering/ 3rd Year
Date Submitted: 9/29/2022
Group No: Group 1
Points: Activity: /50 Evaluation: /50

Learning Activity No. 2

THE COMPOUND AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Given a compound and an electron microscope, the students can:

1. Identify the different parts of a compound and electron microscope and learn their
functions. 2. Illustrate a compound and electron microscope and label its parts.
3. Appreciate the importance of a compound and electron microscope in the

laboratory.

LEARNING RESOURCES:

a. Compound microscope
b. Electron microscope

LEARNING CONTENT:

I. PROCEDURES

A. Identification of the Different Parts of a Compound Microscope

1. Examine the compound microscope and note the different parts and the uses of these
parts.

2. Make a side view drawing of the microscope showing and labeling the parts.

B. Identification of the Different Parts of an Electron Microscope

1. Examine the electron microscope and note the different parts and the uses of these parts.

2. Make a side view drawing of the microscope showing and labeling the parts.

II. DATA AND RESULTS: (40 points)

A.1. Parts of the Compound Microscope and Its Functions (20 points)
A. Mechanical Parts Descriptions/Functions

Base The bottom of the microscope, used

for support Illuminator

Arm This is the part connecting the base

and to the head and the eyepiece
tube to the base of the microscope.

Stage Stages are often equipped with a

mechanical device that holds the
specimen slide in place and can
smoothly translate the slide back
 and forth as well as from side.

Pillar A compound microscopes pillar is a

modest, strong vertical projection
that emerges from the foot or base.

Inclination Where the microscope arm connects

joint to the microscope base, there may
be a pin.

Stage clips Stage clips hold the slides in place.

If your microscope has a
mechanical stage, you will be able
to move the slide around by turning
two knobs.

Substage The substage condenser gathers

light from the microscope light
source and concentrates it into a
cone of light that illuminates the
specimen with uniform intensity
over the entire view field.

Body Tube The microscope body tube separates

the objective and the eyepiece and
assures continuous alignment of the
optics.

Coarse A rapid control which allows for

adjustment quick focusing by moving the
objective lens or stage up and
down. It is used for initial focusing.

Fine A slow but precise control used to

adjustment fine focus the image when viewing
at the higher magnifications.

Revolving This is the part that holds two or

nosepiece more objective lenses and can be
rotated to easily change power.

Draw tube The upper end of the body tube has

a small fixed tube which is known
as the drawtube. The main function
of the drawtube is to hold the ocular
lens.

Diaphrag The diaphragm controls the amount

m of light that is allowed to pass
through the microscope stage and
up toward the objective lens and
ultimately the eyepiece

B. Magnifying Parts Descriptions/Functions

Eyepiece The eyepiece, located closest to the

or ocular eye or sensor, projects and magnifies
this real image and yields a virtual
 image of the object.

Objectives:

Scanner provide observers with about enough

objective magnification for a good overview
of the slide

Low- Low power objectives cover a wide

power field of view and they are useful for
objective examining large specimens or
surveying many smaller specimens.

High- observing fine details within a

power specimen sample.
objective

Oil increase the resolving power of a

immersion microscope.
objective

C. Illuminating Parts Descriptions/Functions

Mirror it is used to reflect light from an

external light source up through the
bottom of the stage.

Condenser Its basic function is to gather the

light coming in from the illuminator
and to concentrate that light into a
light cone onto the specimen.

A.2. Side View Illustration of a Compound Microscope with Label. (10 points)
B.1.Parts of the Electron Microscope and Its Functions
High Voltage The ultra-high voltage electron microscope (UHV-EM) is
an electron microscope which accelerates incident
electrons with a high voltage of 1000 kV or higher
Electron Gun An electron-beam generator, which corresponds to a light
source of the optical microscope.
First Condenser Lens The condenser lens is the first lens that electrons meet as
they travel towards the sample.
Second Condenser Lens The second condenser lens forms the electrons into a thin,
tight, coherent beam and is usually controlled by the "fine
probe current knob" A user selectable objective aperture
further eliminates high-angle electrons from the beam.
Condenser Aperture Condenser aperture-A small laser-bored hole in a flat strip
of molybdenum placed near the condenser lens that helps
to limit spherical aberration.
Specimen Holder The specimen holder for scanning electron microscopy
described herein allows a single specimen to be examined
in any possible view and significantly improves object
illumination.
Air Lock needed to prevent electrical discharge in the gun assembly
(arcing), and to allow the electrons to travel within the
instrument unimpeded.
Objective Lenses The Objective lens is used primarily to focus and initially
magnify the image.
Electron Beam The electron microscope uses a beam of electrons and
their wave-like characteristics to magnify an object's
image, unlike the optical microscope that uses visible
light to magnify images.
Fluorescent Screen This enables a positive image to be obtained since greater
amounts of radiation, for example that passing through
thinner parts of the specimen, will result in greater
brightness.

B.2. Side View Illustration of a Electron Microscope with Label. (10 points)
III. OBSERVATION/INTERPRETATIONS: (5Points)

An instrument that can be used to observe cells and other small objects is the microscope. The
microscope has at least one lens that magnifies an object's image. By bending light in the eye's
direction, this lens makes an object appear larger than it actually is.

Despite having a lower magnification than the compound microscope, the dissecting microscope
produces an image with three dimensions. Because of this, the dissecting microscope is good for
looking at things that are bigger than a few cells but too small for the human eye to see in detail.
Typically, the compound microscope is used to observe cellular structures.

IV. CONCLUSIONS: (5points)

In high school or even before, many of us probably used a microscope or stereoscope. Students
can use these instruments to observe extremely minute structural details that are difficult to see
with the naked eye, like the structure of smooth muscle, cellular division, or insect details.
Numerous doors in science have been opened by microscopes. Students, researchers, and
scientists used microscopes to observe the tiniest parts of animals, plants, and fungi, learn about
the structure of cells, and learn about the existence of microorganisms.

LEARNING REFERENCES:

STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOME EVALUATION: (50 points)

1. When should the high-power objective be used? the low power objective? (5 points)

The high-powered objective lens, also known as the "high dry" lens, is ideal for focusing on
the smallest of details in a specimen sample that is the time where you use this power. While
s wide field of view is provided by low-power objectives, which are useful for inspecting
numerous smaller specimens or large specimens. Aligning the microscope is made easier
with this objective.
2.In finding an objective in the field, why should not the high-power objective be used? (5
points)

The lowest-power objective has the largest field of view. The field of view narrows toward the
center when you switch to a higher power. On low power, you'll be able to see more of an object.
Therefore, it is preferable to locate an object at a low power, center it, switch to a higher power,
and then repeat.

3. Why does the microscope made with an inclination joint?

(5 points)

When working with a microscope, the head and arms must be held in a forward position with
rounded shoulders and an angle toward the microscope. This posture can irritate soft tissues like
muscles, ligaments, and discs.

4. How would you carry or handle the microscope when it is to be transferred from the
case to your seat or vice versa? (5 points)

The microscope should be held with one hand under the base and the other around the device's
arm. The most secure way to hold and move the microscope is this way. The microscope's lenses
should not be touched.

5. What are advantages of electron microscope over a compound microscope? (5 points)

The simplest one enlarges objects by utilizing the visual power of one or more lenses. One lens
is positioned close to the substance in order to view it in the case of compound ones. An electron
microscope, on the other hand, is a tool that enlarges and captures images with electron beams.

6. Enumerate the differences between compound and electron microscope. (5 points)

COMPOUND
Lower magnification than an electron
microscope
No risk of radiation leakage
Specimen preparation takes about a few
minutes or an hour
Both live and dead specimens can be seen
The image formation depends upon the light
absorption from the different zones of the
specimen
ELECTERON
Higher magnification
Risk of radiation leakage
Specimen preparation takes several days
Only dead and the dried specimen can be seen
The image formation depends upon the
electron scattering

7. Aside from Biochemistry, identify at least 3 branches of sciences which use a compound
or an electron microscope. Discuss the importance of a microscope in these 4 branches. (20
points)

Physical Science Microscopy reveals previously obscured

details by enabling scientists to magnify
samples of various materials. The use of
microscopes has led to many other
discoveries, including the understanding of
the cell and its organelles, which are
fundamental concepts in biology.
Microbiology Without a microscope, the objects of our
attention—bacteria, fungi, and other single-
celled creatures—are otherwise too small to
 see, so there would be little to do in a
microbiology laboratory. Microscopes are
optical tools that let us see the world of
bacteria.
Geology A microscope is used to examine the
microscopic textures and features that are
present in rocks and minerals as well as to
identify rocks and minerals in thin sections.
Utilizing a variety of optical methods, modern
petrographic microscopes utilize polarized
light to assist in mineral identification
Taxonomy Morphology-based taxonomy often relies on
microscopy techniques to identify features too
small to be resolved by the human eye, and in
recent years the field has moved towards
incorporating three-dimensional imaging
techniques to offer additional description
methods for taxonomic applications