04.

03 Biology Notebook: Ecosystems

Note: Do not submit the guided notes as your assignment.
Page 1: Predators in the Jungle
What affect do predators have on the ecosystem?
Predators play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and functioning of ecosystems. Their presence and
activities have several effects on the ecosystem
Key Terms: Jot down terms and definitions that are new to you. You will see them used in the lesson.
Page 2: Population Dynamics
What is the focus of the study of population dynamics? What do ecologists investigate? What is a habitat?

In the table below, describe the factors that affect population size.

Factor Effect on Population Size

Habitat
Migration
Immigration
Emigration
Birth
Death

How do wildlife managers ensure the survival of future generations?

Page 3: Limiting Factors

What are open systems?
A system where both matter and nergy are exchanged freely between the ecosystem and the surroundings
What are limiting factors?
Biotic and abiotic factors that control population growth
Describe the limiting factors that can affect carrying capacity.

How can abiotic factor affect population size?

The abiotic factors of a habitat can influence the population growth of organisms. If animals need water and there is not
enough in their current ecosystem, they must migrate to another location for survival.

How can biotic factor affect population size?

Biotic factors that foster or deter population growth deal predominately with the interactions between species.
1
What is a niche? A organism’s role in its ecosystem.
What impact do invasive species have on the ecosystem?
They interfere with the established niches of an organism
Page 4: Carrying Capacity
What is carrying capacity?

What is biological surplus?

How do ecologists determine carrying capacity?

Describe the two patterns used to describe carrying capacity:

• Peak phenomena
• Sigmoid phenomena

Page 5: Primary and Secondary Succession

Describe the two types of succession and when they occur:
• Primary succession
• Secondary succession

Page 6: Community Ecology

What is symbiosis?

Define the following community interactions and niches that influence population growth and decline.
1. Mutualism
2. Parasitism
3. Commensalism
4. Competition
5. Predation

2
How does competition affect an ecosystem?

Fill in the review chart on the types of relationships that can be found in an ecosystem.

Relationship Benefits Example

Parasitism
Commensalism
Mutualism
Competition
Neutralism

Page 7: Predator-Prey Relationships

Explain the predator-prey relationship.

Complete the interactive. Describe the cycle of predator-prey relationships.

Page 8: Invasive Species

What is globalization?

How does globalization affect the biodiversity of an ecosystem?

Describe two situations where invasive species have. impacted ecosystems.

Remember: Do not submit the guided notes as your assignment.

Practice question:
Commensalism is a type of relationship in which ___.
A. one species benefits and the other species is harmed.
B. neither species benefits nor is harmed.
C. both species benefit and neither are harmed.
D. one species benefits and the other species is unaffected.