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ORGANISM AND ITS ENVIRONMENT
1. Ecology is the study of
a. Biotic and abiotic factors in environment.
b. Interactions among organisms and between
the organism and its physical environment.
c. Interactions of organisms with their abiotic
environment.
d. Environment and the biotic factors in it.
2. Ecology is concerned with 4 levels of biological
organization. They are www.bankofbiology.com
a. Organisms, populations, communities & biomes.
b. Cells, tissues, organs and organ system.
c. Species, Populations, Ecosystems & Biomes.
d. Autotrophs, herbivores, carnivores
decomposers.
3. Physiological ecology is the study of
a. Adaptation of an organism to environments in
terms of survival and reproduction.
b. Ecology at the organismic level.
c. Behaviour of organisms.
d. Both a & b.
4. Select the false statement from the following
a. Pathogens, parasites, predators, competitors
etc. belong to biotic components.
b. Water, light, temperature, soil etc. belong to
physico-chemical components.
c. Temperature gradually decreases from
equator towards the poles and increases from
plains to mountain tops.
d. Temperature ranges from subzero levels in
polar areas & high altitudes to >500C in tropical
deserts.
5. Odd one out www.bankofbiology.com
a. Pathogens b. Water
c. Soil d. Oxygen
6. The most ecologically relevant environmental factor is
a. Light b. Temperature
c. Soil d. Water
7. The given figure represents biome distribution with
respect to annual temperature and precipitation. What
do A, B, C, D, E & F represent?
a. A= Grassland, B= Desert, C= Temperate forest,
D= Tropical forest, E= Coniferous forest, F=
Arctic and Alpine tundra
b. A= Arctic and Alpine tundra, B= Coniferous
forest, C= Tropical forest, D= Temperate forest,
E= Grassland, F= Desert
c. A= Desert, B= Grassland, C= Tropical forest, D=
Temperate forest, E= Coniferous forest, F=
Arctic and Alpine tundra
d. A= Tropical forest, B= Arctic and Alpine tundra,
C= Desert, D= Temperate forest, E= Coniferous
forest, F= Grassland
8. Select the false statement
a. Average temperature in thermal springs &
deep-sea hydrothermal vents is above 1000 C.
& b. Mango trees cannot grow in temperate
countries like Canada, Germany etc.
c. There is no Snow leopard in Kerala forests.
d. Tuna fishes are enormous beyond tropical
latitudes in the ocean.
9. Organisms that can tolerate only a narrow range of
temperatures are called
a. Eurythermal b. Stenothermal
c. Euryhaline d. Stenohaline
10. The second most important abiotic factor is
a. Water b. Air
c. Soil d. Temperature
11. The salt concentration or salinity in parts per thousand
is www.bankofbiology.com
a. < 15 in inland waters, 30-35 the sea and > 120
in some hypersaline lagoons.
b. < 35 in inland waters, 80-85 the sea and > 100
in some hypersaline lagoons.
c. < 25 in inland waters, 60-65 the sea and > 150
in some hypersaline lagoons.
d. < 5 in inland waters, 30-35 the sea and > 100 in
some hypersaline lagoons.
12. Select the wrong statement
a. Many animals use the diurnal and seasonal
variations in light intensity and photoperiod for
timing their foraging, reproductive & migratory
activities.
b. > 500 m deep in the oceans, the environment is
dark and there is no solar energy available.
c. The spectral quality of solar radiation is not
important for life.
d. Not all the colour components of the visible
spectrum are available for marine plants.
13. The vegetation & animals in an area are determined by
a. Soil composition, grain size & aggregation.
b. pH of soil
c. Mineral composition & topography.
d. All the above
14. Organisms maintain a constant internal environment
despite varying external environmental conditions. It is
called
a. Haemostasis b. Homeostasis
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c. Homeothermy d. Poikilothermy
15. In organisms, Homeostasis is possible by
a. Regulate b. Conform
c. Migrate d. Suspend
e. All of these
16. Sweating is a way of www.bankofbiology.com
a. Regulate b. Conform
c. Suspend d. All of these
17. Given below is the diagrammatic representation of
organismic response. Label A, B & C.
a.A= Regulators, B= Conformers, C= Partial
regulators
b. A= Partial regulators, B= Conformers, C=
Regulators
c. A= Conformers, B= Regulators, C= Partial
regulators
d. A= Regulators, B= Partial regulators, C=
Conformers
18. ……… of animals and nearly all plants cannot maintain a
constant internal environment.
a. 80% b. 90%
c. 99% d. 100%
19. Which one is correctly explains conformers?
a. They can maintain a constant body
temperature and a constant osmotic
concentration.
b. They can maintain a constant osmotic
concentration.
c. Their body temperature changes with the
surrounding conditions.
d. Their body temperature or water and ionic
level change with the surrounding conditions.
20. Thermoregulation for small animals is
a. Energetically cheap because they have a larger
surface area relative to their volume.
b. Energetically expensive because they have a
larger surface area relative to their volume.
c. Energetically expensive because they have a
smaller surface area relative to their volume.
POPULATIONS
28. A population is
a. A group of organisms that live in a given
geographical area, share or compete for similar
resources and potentially reproduce.
b. A group species that live in a given geographical
area, share or compete for similar resources and
potentially reproduce.
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d. Energetically cheap because they have a smaller
surface area relative to their volume.
21. Which of the following sets of animals have a larger
surface area relative to their volume?
a. Shrews, humming birds, rats
b. Elephant, blue whale, giraffe
c. Human, deer, mouse
d. Blue whale, dinosaurs, elephant
22. Which of the following is not an example for “suspend”?
a. Formation of thick walled spores in bacteria,
fungi & lower plants.
b. Osmoregulation of birds and mammals.
c. Diapause of many zooplanktons.
d. Hibernation of bears during winter.
23. The morphological, physiological & behavioural
attribute that enables an organism to survive and
reproduce in its habitat is called
a. Regulation b. Adaptation
c. Acclimatization d. Conformation
24. If there is no external source of water, body of kangaroo
rat in North America can produce water by
a. Fat oxidation b. Sugar oxidation
c. Protein oxidation d. Glycogen oxidation
25. Which of the following is the adaptation of desert
plants?
a. Presence of thick cuticle on leaf surfaces.
b. Their stomata are arranged in deep pits to minimise
water loss through transpiration.
c. CAM pathway that enables their stomata to remain
closed during day time.
d. In some desert plants, leaves are reduced to spines.
e. All the above.
26. In a warm-blooded animal species having distinct
geographic populations, the limbs, ears and other
appendages of the animals living in cold climates tend
to be shorter than in animals of the same species living
in warm climates. This is called
a. Allen’s Rule b. Bergman's rule
c. Gause's Hypothesis d. Gloger’s rule
27. Regarding altitude sickness, which statement is false?
a. It feels at a high-altitude place greater than
3,500 m.
b. Its symptoms are nausea, heart palpitations &
fatigue. www.bankofbiology.com
c. This is due to low atmospheric pressure.
d. Gradually, for acclimatization, the body
increases the binding capacity of hemoglobin.
c. A group of individuals of same species that live in
a given geographical area, share or compete for
similar resources and potentially reproduce.
d. The number of individuals of a species per unit
area or volume.
29. Population ecology is an important area of ecology as it
links ecology to
a. Population genetics & Physiology
b. Population genetics & Evolution
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c. Population genetics & Molecular biology 38. Under normal conditions, the two important factors
d. Population genetics & Biochemistry that influence population density are
30. In a pond, there are 48 lotus plants last year and through a. Immigration & Emigration
reproduction 18 new plants are added. Then the birth b. Births & deaths
rate is www.bankofbiology.com c. Immigration & Births
a. 0.375 offspring per lotus per year d. Emigration & deaths
b. 0.17 offspring per lotus per year 39. A biologist studied the population of rats in a barn. He
c. 0.775 offspring per lotus per year found that the average natality was 250, average
d. 0.3 offspring per lotus per year mortality 240, immigration 20 and emigration 30. The
31. In the given diagram of age pyramids, P, Q & R represent net increase in population is
a. 05 b. Zero c. 10 d. 15
40. Formula of growth rate for population in given time is
a. dt/dN = rN b. dt/rN = dN
c. rN/dN = dt d. dN/dt = rN
a. P= Stable growth, Q= Expanding growth, R= 41. Which is correctly labelled with respect to the given
Declining growth diagram?
b. P= Declining growth, Q= Stable growth, R=
Expanding growth
c. P= Stable growth, Q= Declining growth, R=
Expanding growth
d. P= Expanding growth, Q= Stable growth, R=
Declining growth
32. Population density (N) of Siberian cranes at Bharatpur
wetlands in any year is
a. > 10 b. <10
c. > 100 d. < 100 a. B: Logistic curve b. C: Carrying capacity
33. In population attributes, N represents c. C: Exponential curve d. A: Carrying capacity
a. Natality b. Mortality 42. Asymptote in a logistic growth curve is obtained when
c. Population density d. Emigration a. K = N b. K > N
34. Four basic processes that fluctuate the population c. K < N d. Value of r approaches zero.
density are 43. In the equation what K & N denote?
a. Natality, mortality, lag phase & log phase
b. Lag phase, log phase, immigration & emigration
c. Lag phase, migration, immigration & emigration a. K = Population density at a time, N= Carrying
d. Natality, mortality, immigration & emigration capacity. www.bankofbiology.com
35. The number of individuals of the same species that have b. K = Intrinsic rate of natural increase, N= Carrying
come into the habitat from elsewhere during a given capacity.
time period is called c. K = Carrying capacity, N= Population density at a
a. Migration b. Immigration time.
c. Emigration d. None of these d. K = Intrinsic rate of natural increase, N=
36. In the given figure, K, L, M & N depict the sign of Population density at t= 0.
44. Match the list I with list II and choose the correct option.
List I List II
1. Verhulst-Pearl
A. Pacific salmon fish
Logistic Growth
rt
2. Breeds only once in
B. Nt= N0e
lifetime
C. Oyster 3. Exponential growth
4. A large number of
D.
a. K= +, L= +, M= –, N= – small sized offspring.
b. K= –, L= –, M= +, N= + a. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
c. K= +, L= –, M= +, N= – b. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
d. K= –, L= +, M= –, N= + c. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
37. Population density increases if d. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
a. B+I is less than D+E. 45. Which of the following is wrong statement?
b. B+E is more than D+I. a. Populations evolve to minimize their reproductive
c. B+I is more than D+E. fitness or Darwinian fitness (high r value).
d. B+E is less than D+I.

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b. Under a particular set of selection pressures, 52. Connell’s field experiments showed that on the rocky
organisms evolve towards the most efficient sea coasts of Scotland, the larger barnacle Balanus
reproductive strategy. dominates intertidal area, and excludes the smaller
c. Life history traits of organisms have evolved due to barnacle Chathamalus from that zone. This happened
limited abiotic and biotic components of the habitat. due to www.bankofbiology.com
d. Since resources for growth for most animal a. Parasitism b. Predation
populations are finite the logistic growth model is c. Mutualism d. Competition
more realistic one. 53. The principle of competitive exclusion was stated by
www.bankofbiology.com
46. Match the following a. C. Darwin b. G.F Gause
Name of interaction Species A & B c. MacArthur d. Verhulst and Pearl
A. Mutualism 1. – & 0 54. If two species compete for the same resource, they could
B. Competition 2. + & – avoid competition by choosing different times for
C. Predation & Parasitism 3. – & – feeding or different foraging patterns. This is called
D. Commensalism 4. + & + a. Competitive release
E. Amensalism 5. + & 0 b. Interference competition
a. A= 5, B= 3, C= 2, D= 1, E= 4 c. Resource partitioning
b. A= 3, B= 4, C= 5, D= 2, E= 1 d. Struggle for existence
c. A= 2, B= 3, C= 1, D= 5, E= 4 55. Match the following:
d. A= 4, B= 3, C= 2, D= 5, E= 1 Column I Column II
47. Cryptic colouration of some insects & frogs is called 1. Fungus & algae or
A. MacArthur
a. Camouflage b. Bioluminescence cyanobacteria
c. Hibernation d. Metagenesis B. Brood parasitism 2. Ophrys
48. Select the false statement. www.bankofbiology.com C. ‘Sexual deceit’ 3. Cuckoo and crow
a. Monarch butterfly is distasteful to its predator bird. D. Mycorrhizae 4. Warblers
It is due to a special chemical acquired during its E. Lichen 5. Fungi & plants
caterpillar stage by feeding on a poisonous weed.
b. Calotropis produce highly poisonous cardiac a. A= 5, B= 3, C= 2, D= 1, E= 4
glycosides. Therefore, cattle or goats do not eat it. b. A= 3, B= 4, C= 5, D= 2, E= 1
c. Nicotine, caffeine, quinine, strychnine, opium, etc. c. A= 4, B= 3, C= 2, D= 5, E= 1
are defenses against grazers and browsers. d. A= 2, B= 3, C= 1, D= 5, E= 4
d. The goats in Galapagos Islands became extinct 56. Human liver fluke depends on 2 intermediate hosts to
within a decade after Abingdon tortoise were complete its life cycle. They are
introduced on the island. a. Snail & Human
49. A process in which fitness of one species (‘r’ value) is b. Human & fish
significantly lower in presence of another species is c. Snail & mosquito
called d. Snail & fish
a. Competition b. Comensalism 57. Match the organisms in column I with the organisms of
c. Parasitism d. Predation column II based on their interaction of commensalism.
50. The feeding efficiency of one species is reduced due to Column I Column II
the presence of other species, even if resources are A. Orchid 1. clown fish
abundant. This is called B. Barnacles 2. Grazing cattle
a. Intraspecific competition C. Egret 3. Whale
b. Interference competition D. Sea anemone 4. Mango branch
c. Interspecific competition
a. A= 4, B= 3, C= 2, D= 1
d. Competitive release
b. A= 3, B= 4, C= 2, D= 1
51. A species, restricted to a small geographical area,
c. A= 3, B= 4, C= 1, D= 2
expands its distributional range when the competing
d. A= 2, B= 3, C= 4, D= 1
species is experimentally removed. It is called
58. Which of the following associations shows mutualism?
a. Competitive release
a. Barnacles on whale
b. Resource partitioning
c. Interference competition
b. Fig and wasp www.bankofbiology.com
c. Roundworms in human intestine
d. Struggle for existence
d. Orchids on mango tree

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