INTRODUCTION TO

BIOENGINEERING
BYM1201
Dersin Amacı
Biyomühendislik kavramının tanımı ve kapsadığı alanların genel olarak öğrenciye
verilmesi.
Dersin İçeriği
Biyomühendisliğin tanımı, çalışma alanları, yararlandığı bilim dalları, ilgilendiği tüm
konuların tartışılması. Şimdiki durumu ve geleceği. Mühendislik ve biyolojik
yaklaşımlarının bilim ve teknolojinin problemlerini çözmek üzere nasıl kombine
edildiği üzerinde durulması. Biyomühendislikte etik kavramı ve son gelişmeler.
The aim of the course
Teaching
The definition of the concept of bioengineering and its terminolgy
The fields it covers.
Course Content
The definition of bioengineering,
Study areas,
the branches of bioengineering
discussion of all the issues it is interested in.
current situation and future of bioengineering
Emphasis on how engineering and biological approaches are combined to solve
problems of science and technology.
The concept of ethics and recent developments in bioengineering.
Ders Öğrenim Çıktıları
• Öğrenci biyomühendislik bölümündeki eğitiminin başlangıcında bu disiplinlerarası
bilim dalı ile ilgili ön bilgileri edinir.
• Öğrenci mühendislik ve biyolojik yaklaşımları bir arada kullanarak, bilim ve
teknolojide doğan problemleri çözebilecek yetiye sahip olur.
• Öğrenci biyomühendislik ve yaşam bilimlerindeki uygulamaları hakkında temel
bilgiye sahip olur
• Öğrenci biyomühendisliği oluşturan tüm mühendislik bilimleri ve diğer bilimler
hakkında detaylı bilgi sahipi olur.
• Öğrenci mühendislik etiği anlayışı kazanır ve biyomühendislikteki son gelişmeler
hakkında bilgi sahibi olur.
Learning Outcomes
• The student acquires preliminary information about the interdisciplinary field.
• The student will have the ability to solve problems arising in science and
technology by using engineering and biological approaches together.
• The student will have a basic knowledge of bioengineering and its applications in
life sciences
• The student will have detailed information about all engineering sciences and
other sciences that make up bioengineering.
• The student gains an understanding of engineering ethics and gains knowledge of
the latest developments in bioengineering.
Haftalık Konular
Biyomühendislik tanımı, şimdiki durumu ve geleceği
Biyomühendisliği oluşturan diğer bilim dalları
Biyomühendisliğin kapsadığı alanlar
Biyomühendislik ve Biyoteknoloji
Biyomühendislik ve Tıp
Biyomühendislik ve Nanoteknoloji
Biyomedikal cihazlara genel bakış
Biyomühendislik ve etik kavramı
Biyomühendislikte girişimcilik
Biyomühendislikte sürdürülebilirlik
Önerilen Kaynaklar: Introduction to bioengineering / ed. S.A.Berger, W.Goldsmith
E.R.Lewis,
Weekly Topics
• Bioengineering definition, current state and future
• Other sciences that make up bioengineering
• Areas covered by bioengineering
• Bioengineering and Biotechnology
• Bioengineering and Medicine
• Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
• Biomedical devices overview
• Bioengineering and ethics concept
• Entrepreneurship in bioengineering
• Sustainability in bioengineering
Reference book: Introduction to bioengineering / ed. S.A.Berger, W.Goldsmith
E.R.Lewis,
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
• The fourth industrial revolution on biology and
biotechnology will be more fruitful by employing;
• Internet of things (IOTs),
• big data,
• three-dimensional (3D) printing,
• artificial intelligence (deep learning, machine
learning),
• RFID technology (telecommunication),
• virtual reality, and
• tissue engineering.
BIOENGINEERING
• Bioengineering is defined as the application of engineering principles to
understand, modify, or control living systems.
• Bioengineers need to have a solid education in engineering and a working
knowledge of biology, physiology, and medicine.
• Engineers collect knowledge and develop an understanding
of how things work.
• Engineers make practical use of their knowledge.
• Engineers convert scientific theories into useful products.
What do Bioengineers do?
• Understand and model physiological and biological functions
-gain a comprehensive and integrated understanding of the function of living
organisms.
-Develop mathematical descriptions of physiological events
• Improve existing devices/processes
-Diagnostics
-Surgical Instruments
-Imaging
• Develop new Materials/methods
-Drug Delivery
-Biosensors
-Tissue Engineering
-Macromolecular Engineering (Protein/DNA)
• Bioengineering is a discipline that applies engineering
principles of design and analysis to biological systems and
biomedical technologies.
• Examples of bioengineering research include;
Bacteria, engineered to produce chemicals,
New medical imaging technology,
Infectious disease diagnostic devices,
Tissue engineered organs.
Prosthetics,
Biopharmaceuticals
 Medical devices,
Diagnostic equipment,
Biocompatible materials,
Renewable bioenergy,
Ecological engineering,
Agricultural engineering,
and other areas that improve the living standards of societies.
Bioengineering overlaps substantially with biotechnology and
the biomedical sciences in a way analogous to how various other
forms of engineering and technology relate to various other
sciences
• Bioengineering is the application of;
the life sciences,
physical sciences,
mathematics
engineering principles
• to define and solve problems in
biology,
medicine,
health care and
other fields.
• Bioengineering is a relatively new discipline that combines
many aspects of traditional engineering fields such as
chemical,
electrical and
mechanical engineering.
• Bioengineering graduates are employed by a variety of
institutions, including medical device manufacturers,
pharmaceutical companies, regulatory agencies and medical
research institutions.
• In addition, bioengineering graduates are prepared for
continued study to pursue careers in medicine, law, business
and other fields.
• Bioengineering employs knowledge and expertise from a number of pure and
applied sciences the student must learn, such as;
mass and heat transfer,
kinetics,
biocatalysts,
biomechanics,
bioinformatics,
separation and purification processes,
bioreactor design,
surface science,
fluid mechanics,
thermodynamics,
polymer science.
• In general, biological engineers (or biomedical engineers)
attempt to either mimic biological systems to create
products or modify and control biological systems so that
they can replace, augment, sustain, or predict chemical
and mechanical processes.
• Bioengineers can apply their expertise to other
applications of engineering and biotechnology, including
genetic modification of plants and microorganisms,
bioprocess engineering, and biocatalysis.
• Working with doctors, clinicians and researchers,
bioengineers use traditional engineering principles and
techniques and apply them to real-world biological and
medical problems.
• History
• Biological engineering is a science-based discipline founded upon the biological
sciences in the same way that chemical engineering, electrical engineering,
and mechanical engineering can be based upon chemistry, electricity and
magnetism, and classical mechanics, respectively.
• Before WWII, biological engineering had just begun being recognized as a branch
of engineering, and was a very new concept to people. Post-WWII, it started to
grow more rapidly, partially due to the term "bioengineering" being coined by
British scientist and broadcaster Heinz Wolff in 1954 at the National Institute for
Medical Research. Wolff graduated that same year and became the director of
the Division of Biological Engineering at the university. This was the first time
Bioengineering was recognized as its own branch at a university.
• Electrical engineering is considered to pioneer this engineering sector due to its
work with medical devices and machinery during this time.
• When engineers and life scientists started working together, they
recognized the problem that the engineers didn't know enough about
the actual biology behind their work.
• To resolve this problem, engineers who wanted to get into biological
engineering devoted more of their time and studies to the details and
processes that go into fields such as biology, psychology, and medicine
• The term biological engineering may also be applied to environmental
modifications such as surface soil protection, slope stabilization,
watercourse and shoreline protection, windbreaks, vegetation barriers
including noise barriers and visual screens, and the ecological
enhancement of an area. Because other engineering disciplines also
address living organisms, the term biological engineering can be
applied more broadly to include agricultural engineering.
• The first biological engineering program was establised at University of California,
San Diego in 1966, making it the first biological engineering curriculum in the
United States. More recent programs have been launched at MIT and Utah State
University.
• Many old agricultural engineering departments in universities over the world
have re-branded themselves as agricultural and biological
engineering or agricultural and biosystems engineering, due to biological
engineering as a whole being a rapidly developing field with fluid categorization.
According to Professor Doug Lauffenburger of MIT, biological engineering has a
broad base which applies engineering principles to an enormous range of size
and complexities of systems. These systems range from the molecular level
(molecularbiology, biochemistry, microbiology, pharmacology, protein chemistry,
cytology, immunology, neurobiology and neuroscience) to cellular and tissue-
based systems (including devices and sensors), to whole macroscopic organisms
(plants, animals), and can even range up to entire ecosystems.
• Depending on the institution and particular definitional boundaries
employed, some major branches of bioengineering may be categorized
as (note these may overlap):
• Biomedical engineering: application of engineering principles and
design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes
• Tissue engineering
• Genetic engineering
• Neural engineering
• Pharmaceutical engineering
• Clinical engineering
• Bioinformatics
• Biomechanics
• Some examples include pacemakers, infusion pumps, the heart-lung
machine, dialysis machines, artificial organs, implants, artificial limbs, corrective
lenses, cochlear implants, ocular prosthetics, facial prosthetics, somato
prosthetics, and dental implants.
• Biochemical engineering: fermentation engineering, application of engineering
principles to microscopic biological systems that are used to create new products
by synthesis, including the production of protein from suitable raw materials
• Biological systems engineering: application of engineering principles and design
concepts to agriculture, food sciences, and ecosystems.
• Bioprocess engineering: develops technology to monitor the conditions of the
where the process of making pharmaceuticals takes place, (Ex: bioprocess
design, biocatalysis, bioseparation, bioinformatics, bioenergy)
• Environmental health engineering: application of engineering principles to the
control of the environment for the health, comfort, and safety of human beings.
It includes the field of life-support systems for the exploration of outer space and
the ocean
• Human-factors engineering: application of engineering, physiology, and
psychology to the optimization of the human–machine relationship
• Biotechnology: the use of living systems and organisms to
develop or make products. (Ex: pharmaceuticals)
• Biomimetics: the imitation of models, systems, and elements of
nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems.
• Bioelectrical engineering:
• Biomechanical engineering:
• Bionics: an integration of Biomedical, focused more on the
robotics and assisted technologies. (Ex: prosthetics)
• Bioprinting: utilizing biomaterials to print organs and new
tissues
• Biorobotics: (Ex: prosthetics)
• Systems biology: The study of biological systems.