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Uts Finals Reviewer
Uts Finals Reviewer
them to see their loved ones face-to-face without SELF –PRESENTATION STRATEGIES AND
the danger of passing the virus to each other. IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT
Through Zoom, Facebook Live, Google Meet or
whatever app us readily available. Filipinos from all Self-presentation is a range of strategies that people
walks of life are ready to celebrate the season adopt to shape what others think of them
despite the pandemic. 1. Self-promotion
➢ BAD EFFECTS - The person who is using self-promotion is trying to
• Findings showed that the media consumption of show that he/she is competent, effective or a
teenagers is self-regulated so as not to irrationally winner. This person expects respect. He/she
speaks proudly about their experience, education
or achievement. He/she always makes people goal is reached the need is satisfied and the
aware of their accomplishments. tension/drive is reduced.
2. Ingratiation
- The person using ingratiation in presenting oneself
to others has a desire to be likeable. They expect ➢ SOME REASONS WHY SETTING GOALS IS
affection. This person takes an interest in one’s IMPORTANT
personal lives to show them that they are friendly. 1. Setting goals direct the individual’s behavior.
He/she often uses flattery and favors to make
others like them. 2. Goals, once set, can determine the individual’s
progress towards accomplishing it.
3. Exemplification
- The person who is using exemplification has an 3. Goals serve as guides to discipline behavior.
intention to achieve worth from others. He/she
expects others to feel guilty by their actions. This 4. Goals keep the individual busy so no time is
person tries to appear like a hard-working wasted.
dedicated employee to make others feel less 5. Goals motivate the individual because it provides a
worthy than they are. He/she stays at work late so purpose/reason for his behavior.
that people will know that they are hard-working.
➢ SELF-EFFICACY
4. Intimidation - As defined by Bandura, self-efficacy refers to the
- The person who is using intimidation tries to person’s beliefs about his capacity to exercise
appear dangerous or ruthless. He/she expects some measure of control over his behavior and
others to be afraid of them. People do this when over events that take place around him, Self-
they are expecting others to finish a task. For efficacy forms the basis of the human agency. This
instance, the boss intimidates subordinates to get means that if a person believes that he has some
job done. He/she shows others that they can make control over events as they unfold, that he can in
life difficult for them if they are pushed too far. some ways influence the course of events, he will
5. Supplication take action and most likely, he will succeed.
- The person who is using supplication, would like to
- The level of self-efficacy in a person is not
appear helpless (handicapped or unfortunate).
constant. There are times when it is high and times
He/she aims to achieve nurturance from others.
when it is low in the same individual. The changing
This person would act as if they know less that
level of self-efficacy depends on factors like:
others so people will help them out. He/she
specific competencies required for an activity, the
pretends not to understand something to gain
presence or absence of other people and their
someone's help (Hewstone, et al., 2015).
competencies and the physiological and
psychological condition of the individual.
SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS
SELF-EFFICACY CAN BE LEARNED AND ENHANCED
➢ IMPORTANCE OF GOALS THROUGH THE FOLLOWING:
- According to Conn (2001), a goal is a target or
1. Mastery of Learning and Skills
objective of a motivated and directed chain of
- Practice is necessary for the individual to have
behaviors. Goals vary and depend on the values
mastery.
and priorities of the individual.
2. A Good Social Model
The anatomy of a goal-directed behavior all - Learning through observation is best achieved
begins within the individual: a need which is a lack when the model is credible and trustworthy.
or deficit. The presence of this need creates Models inspire the person to do well and be the
tension. This tension is the drive that builds up and best that he can be.
directs the individual towards the goal. When the
3. A Persuasive Environment GOAL SETTING THEORY BY EDWIN LOCKE AND
- A social environment that is supportive elevates GARY LATHAM
the morale of the individual and encourages him to In this theory, goals are seen as important. But what
perform at his best every time thereby achieving is more important, however, for this theory is the
his goals. process and the means by which the goal is realized.
Five goal-setting principles that can increase the
4. Physical Fitness
person’s chances of reaching his goals.
- Competence for a physical skill initially requires
that the person is in good health. Any sign of 1. Clarity
fatigue or physical weakness, disease or disability - The first thing that should be considered in setting
limits the activities/areas to be competent in. BUT a goal is to determine what the person is really
in many cases, a person’s disability serves as the trying to achieve.
driving force that make the individual achieve
2. Challenges
more.
- Goals should challenge the person’s ability to make
5. Emotional Maturity him exert more effort in learning something new
- This prepares the individual for the challenges and and growing along the way. Challenge motivates
failures encountered on the way to his goal. behavior.
Emotional stability helps the person endure and
3. Commitment
persevere until the desired goal is reached. It gives
- This means owning the goal and making it one’s
him the hope and the strength to try and try again.
responsibility to make sure that behaviors are
➢ MINDSET undertaken to achieve it.
1. Fixed Mindset
4. Feedback
- A person with a fixed mindset believes that their
- Although the goal belongs to the person who sets
character, intelligence and creativity are
it. It is not wrong to ask people about what they
innate/inborn and cannot be changed or altered.
think just to have a gauge of his progress from
In this mindset, success means affirmation of these
another person’s perspective.
so-called inherited traits. It is further believed that
man’s qualities whether positive or negative are 5. Task Complexity
permanent. - Complex goals can overwhelm the person and will
take a longer time to accomplish. When the goal is
2. Growth Mindset
a bit complicated. It is always wise to learn a little
- A person with this mindset does not bank on given
more about it. Doing this increases the level of
qualities for them to be successful but instead
confidence to accomplish the goal as the person
he/she wanted to be challenged. This person
becomes more competent. It is also more practical
knows that initially he/she may not be successful,
to breakdown complex goals into manageable
that he/she might fail. The person, however,
components or sub-goals and deal with the
welcome failures as opportunities for growth and
components one at a time. Through a person can
for honing their abilities and tapping hidden
have more than one goal, he should learn to
potentials. The growth mindset believes that the
prioritize so as not to sacrifice the valuable things
person’s basic qualities can be learned or
in his life like his family and friends.
cultivated through hard work/effort of the person.
Application of abilities and experience contributes ➢ GOAL SETTING MUST BE:
to the person’s overall growth. People with this S - pecific
mindset are realistic. They know that they have M - easurable
potentials; they only have to discover and tap it, A - ttainable
whatever it may be. R - elevant
T - ime-bound
IDEAL SELF VS. REAL SELF Rogers a person who has high self-worth, that is,
has confidence and positive feelings about him or
FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF A FULLY FUNCTIONING herself, faces challenges in life, accepts failure and
PERSON: unhappiness at times, and is open with people.
1. Open to experience
- both positive and negative emotions accepted. 3. Ideal self
Negative feelings are not denied, but worked - The person who we would like to be. It consists of
through (rather than resorting to ego defense our goals and ambitions in life, and is dynamic:
mechanism). forever changing. The ideal self in childhood is not
the ideal self in our teens or late 20’s.
2. Existential living
- in touch with different experiences as they occur IDEAL SELF VS. REAL SELF
in life, avoiding prejudging and preconceptions. Rogers further divided the self into two categories:
Being able to live and fully appreciate the present, the ideal self and the real self. The ideal self is the
not always looking back to the past or forward to person that you would like to be; the real self is the
the future (i.e. living for the moment). person you actually are.
3. Trust feelings
- feeling, instincts and gut-reactions are paid
attention to and trusted. People’s own decisions
are the right ones and we should trust ourselves to
make the right choices.
4. Creativity
- creative thinking and risking taking are features of
a person’s life. A person does not play safe all the
time. This involves the ability to adjust and change
and seek new experiences.
5. Fulfilled life
- person is happy and satisfied with life, and always
looking for new challenges and experiences.
The self is composed of concepts unique to
ourselves.
THE SELF-CONCEPT INCLUDES THREE COMPONENTS:
1. Self-worth (or self-esteem)
- what we think about ourselves; Rogers believed
feelings of self-worth developed in early childhood
and were formed from the interaction of the child
with the mother and father.
2. Self-image
- How we see ourselves, which is important to good
psychological health. Self-image includes the
influence of our body image on inner personality.
At a simple level, we might perceive ourselves as a
good or bad person, beautiful or ugly. Self-image
has an effect on how a person thinks, feels and
behaves in the world. Self-worth may be seen as a
continuum from very high to very low. For Carl