HES 101: CFU

Session 1
1. Which of the following activities does NOT represent an anatomical study
a. making a section through the heart to observe its interior
b. examining the surface of a bone
c. viewing muscle tissue through a microscope
d. studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses
e. observing the parts of a reproducing cell

2. Which of the following components of the control system is responsible for detecting any
change and motor the value of variables?
a. Control Center
b. Stimulus
c. Effector
d. Receptor

3. All are considered negative feedback mechanism, except

a. Body temperature regulation
b. Uterine contractions during deliver
c. Increase in blood pressure
d. Doing exercises

4. Which basic approach to study anatomy is taken in the vast majority of medical and dentals
schools?
a. Regional Anatomy
b. Systemic Anatomy
c. Surface Anatomy
d. Anatomical Imaging

5. As a student, you understand that it is important to study how the human body works because
a. It is fixed and unchanging
b. It provides a way to understand how the body maintains external conditions
c. it can predict the responses that the body can do in every stimulus
d. it has a wide range of values to maintain hemostasis

6. Differentiation in an organism depicts a change in cell structure and function from generalize to
specialized. This process is involved in
a. Growth and Development
b. Metabolism
c. Growth
 d. Development

7. The mechanism of homeostasis is mainly governed by:

a. Cardiovascular and Nervous system
b. Nervous and Endocrine system
c. Endocrine and Urinary system
d. Urinary and Respiratory system

8. During summer, Pepper and her friends would go on a trip and hike at noon. As a student,
Pepper knows that her body would compensate with the change in core temperature. All of the
following are expected, except:
a. The hypothalamus stimulates the blood vessels in the skin to constrict
b. The sweat glands produce sweat
c. The blood vessels send more blood to the body's surface
d. All the aforementioned statements are correct

9. Disruption in normal functioning of cells may result in death. One possible cause of disruption is
occurrence of disease.
a. The first statement is correct. The second statement is wrong.
b. The first statement is wrong. The second statement is correct
c. Both of the statements are correct
d. Both of the statements are wrong.

10. There are four primary types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. To be able
to perform its function, each system is composed of only one specific type of tissue.
a. The first statement is correct. The second statement is wrong
b. The first statement is wrong. The second statement is correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct
d. Both of the statements are wrong.

SESSION 2
1. Which of the following organelles are incorrectly paired with their location within the cell?
a. nucleolus - within the nucleus
b. cilia - on the cell surface
c. Golgi apparatus - on the cell surface
d. microtubules - within the cytoplasm
e. smooth endoplasmic reticulum - within the cytoplasm of the cell
2. The nucleolus:
a. is located in the cytoplasm.
b. is the location for production of large and small ribosomal subunits.
c. has its own distinct membrane.
d. is important for the formation of Golgi apparatus.
e. has all of these characteristics

3. A cell that was producing large amounts of lipoproteins (proteins combined with lipids) for
secretion from the cell would have large numbers of:
a. lysosomes.
b. Golgi apparatus.
c. centrioles.
d. membrane transporters.
e. all of these structures.

4. Which of these cells would most likely have the largest number of mitochondria?
a. bone cells
b. muscle cells
c. fat cells
d. blood cells
e. skin cells

5. Substances outside the cell membrane are called:

a. intracellular substances.
b. extracellular substances.
c. intercellular substances.
d. Both extracellular material and intercellular material are correct names.
e. All of these are correct names.

6. According to the fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane:

a. protein molecules that perform important cellular functions float in a lipid bilayer.
b. there is a double protein layer in the plasma membrane.
c. there are fats floating in the protein layer.
d. carbohydrates function as membrane channels.
e. nonpolar ends of phospholipids are exposed to water inside and outside the cell
Answer:

7. is an example of a molecule that can directly pass through the phospholipid’s bilayer of
the plasma membrane.
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Potassium
c. Sodium
d. Glucose
e. Calcium

8. Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable because they:

a. allow the free passage of some materials and restrict the passage of others.
b. allow the passage of materials in one direction but not the other.
c. permit the passage of most materials but not of water.
d. Cell membranes are NOT normally selectively permeable

9. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the cell membrane? (Select all that
apply)
a. Cholesterol within the membrane gives it added strength and flexibility.
b. Receptor molecules are embedded in the membrane for intercellular communication.
c. Carbohydrates bind to protein molecules thereby modifying the proteins function as a
membrane channel.
d. Receptor molecules embedded in the membrane are involved in cellular recognition.

10. Which of the following would occur if all cell membranes were no longer selectively permeable?
(Select all that apply)
a. Action potentials would no longer be generated.
b. Cells would be hypertonic to their environment.
c. You would be subject to a higher rate of illness and disease.
d. Cells would not be able to get and keep enough glucose to function.

SESSION 3

1. Understanding tissue structure and function is important because:

a. There is a relationship between the structure of each tissue type (how it is organized) and its
function (what it does).
b. There is a relationship between tissue structure and organ function.
c. Many diseases and pathologies are tissue and cell type specific.
d. Changes at the tissue level affect the function of organs.
e. All of these are correct.
f. All are correct except option C

2. Which of these is NOT one of the four basic tissue types?

a. glandular
b. connective
 c. muscle
d. epithelium
e. nervous

3. All are true statement about epithelial tissue: (Select all that apply)
a. Epithelial tissue is vascular.
b. Epithelial tissue provides physical protection for organs.
c. Epithelial tissue functions in absorption & secretion.
d. Epithelial tissue controls the permeability into and out of an area/organ.
e. Epithelial tissue consists almost entirely of extracellular material between them thereby
forming a barrier against entry into the body.

4. Basement membranes:
a. function as a filter and barrier to cell or pathogen movement
b. attach epithelial cells to the underlying tissue
c. is secreted partially by epithelial cells and partially by the cells of the underlying tissue.
d. function as a filter and barrier to cell or pathogen movement, attach epithelial cells to the
underlying tissue and are secreted partially by epithelial cells and partially by the cells of the
underlying tissue are true of basement membranes.
e. None of these is correct

5. The most correct classification of an epithelial tissue consisting of many layers of cells, in which
the outer layers are flat and thin, and the basal layers are cuboidal or columnar is:
a. simple columnar epithelium.
b. pseudostratified epithelium.
c. stratified squamous epithelium.
d. transitional epithelium.
e. simple squamous epithelium

6. Epithelial cells:
a. cover body surfaces or form glands.
b. usually have a free surface that is not in contact with other cells.
c. have a basement membrane that attaches to underlying tissues.
d. can be somewhat far away from a blood vessel.
e. have all of these properties.

7. Epithelial cells that appear cube like when an organ is relaxed and flattened when the organ is
distended by fluid are classified as:
a. simple columnar epithelium.
b. pseudostratified epithelium.
c. stratified squamous epithelium.
 d. transitional epithelium.
e. simple squamous epithelium

8. Epithelium that consists of a single layer of cells, in which some cells are tall and thin and reach
the free surface and others do not, is classified as:
a. simple columnar epithelium
b. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
c. stratified squamous epithelium
d. transitional epithelium
e. simple squamous epithelium

9. Which of the following statements is true? (Select all that apply)

a. Transitional epithelium has cells that change shape when the tissue is stretched.
b. Transitional epithelium is found in the lining of the urinary bladder, the ureters and the
superior urethra.
c. Transitional epithelium is pseudostratified.
d. As transitional epithelium is stretched, the number of cell layers increases.
e. Transitional epithelium is found in cavities that can expand greatly in volume

10. Which of the following characteristics of tissues and cells would aid in diffusion or the
movement of materials into and out of the body through the epithelium?
a. multiple layers of relatively flat, thin cells
b. a single layer of relatively flat, thin cells
c. multiple layers of cuboidal cells
d. a single layer of cuboidal cells
e. multiple layers of columnar cells

SESSION 4

1. Skin cells have the ability to regenerate and divide. True

2. The water can simply move across the skin. False
3. The skin is composed of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. False
4. The dermis is thicker than epidermis True
5. In the process of keratinization, the cells of epidermis and dermis change shape and chemical
composition. False
6. The new cells in the keratinization are produced by mitosis. True
7. In keratinization, the cells become filled with the protein keratin, which make them more
stretchable and durable. False
8. The new cells produced by mitosis occur in most superficial layers of epidermis. False
9. The dead epithelial cells are formed in the outer layer of epidermis to act as a barrier. True
10. Skin is the largest organ of the body True
 SESSION 5
1. Which of the following describes the remodeling process of a bone? (Select all that apply)
a. is essential for maintaining blood calcium levels
b. continues throughout the adulthood of the individual (18 years old for female, 21 years old
for male)
c. is accomplished by the actions of the osteoclasts and osteoblasts
d. is controlled by the actions of Parathyroid Hormone, and Calcitonin

2. The functions of the skeletal system include all of the following except:
a. support and protection
b. movement and leverage
c. transport of materials via its fluid matrix
d. blood cell production
e. storage of minerals

3. The skeletal system helps maintain homeostasis by:

a. Acting as a calcium buffer and storage site.
b. Acting as a phosphate buffer and storage site.
c. Acting as an energy buffer and storage site.
e. All of these aid in maintaining homeostasis.
f. This only includes A, C, D.

4. The extracellular matrix of bone:

a. contains collagen and minerals.
b. has a high proportion of calcium phosphate crystals (hydroxyapatite).
c. is entirely composed of proteoglycans.
d. contains collagen & minerals & a high proportion of calcium phosphate crystals
(hydroxyapatite) are correct.
e. has a high proportion of hydroxyapatite and is entirely composed of proteoglycans are

5. Bones are a type of:

a. cartilage.
b. epithelial tissue.
c. muscle tissue.
d. connective tissue.
e. multi-cellular membrane.

6. The extracellular matrix of tendons and ligaments is made up of:

a. primarily collagen fibers.
b. collagen and minerals.
c. collagen and proteoglycan
 d. osteocytes.
e. chondrocytes.

7. During growth of a long bone, the site of growth in length is the:

a. medullary cavity.
b. marrow.
c. epiphyseal plate.
d. endosteum.
e. periosteum.

8. The outer surface of bone is covered by a connective tissue layer called the:
a. lamellae.
b. periosteum.
c. endosteum.
d. epiphysis.
e. diaphysis.

9. Which of the following is a characteristic of long bone? (Select all that apply)
a. has a medullary cavity in the diaphysis.
b. has red marrow and yellow marrow in its cavities.
c. has periosteum lining the medullary cavity.
d. has a diaphysis at each end.

10. Pepper is a vegan (a vegetarian that does not eat any animal products including dairy or eggs).
After a series of unexplained bone fractures, her doctor completes some tests and discovers
that her levels of parathyroid hormone are elevated. Which of the following hypotheses would
be the most plausible?
a. The lack of meat in her diet is causing anemia and preventing bone growth.
b. The lack of dairy in her diet has severely restricted the amount of calcium she has available.
This deficiency stimulated the release of PTH, which caused more of the calcium stores in her
bones to be mobilized. The deficiency has gone on for so long that she has weakened her
bones.
c. The lack of dairy in her diet has severely restricted the amount of calcium she has available.
This deficiency stimulated the release of calcitonin, which caused more of the calcium stores
in her bones to be mobilized. The deficiency has gone on for so long that she has weakened
her bones.
d. Her parathyroid glands are malfunctioning and producing too much calcitonin thereby
stimulating osteoblast activity and weakening her bones.
SESSION 6
1. In adults, which of the following represents a set of fused bones?
a. femur
b. temporal bone
c. radius
d. sacral bone
e. tibia

2. As a pharmacy student, you have learned the effects of aging in the skeletal system. What are
the most effective preventative measures against its effects?
a. decreasing physical activity and the amount of stress on the bones
b. increasing physical activity
c. ingesting dietary calcium with a vitamin D supplement.
d. the combination of increasing physical activity and taking dietary calcium with vitamin D
supplements.
e. decreasing your dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D

3. Joints are classified structurally according to the ____ that binds them, and functionally
according to their _______.
a. fluid-filled membrane, strength
b. bone, size
c. connective tissue, degree of motion
d. ligament, location

4. Which of the following does not occur as you age?

a. The bone matrix becomes more brittle due to the reduction in the collagen to mineral ratio.
b. The total amount of matrix in bone decreases.
c. Osteoclast activity outstrips osteoblast activity.
d. There is a decreased likelihood of bone fractures.
e. The production of synovial fluid decreases

5. __________ is a unique movement that occurs at the thumb as it moves toward the little
finger.
a. Pronation
b. Eversion
c. Opposition
d. Circumduction
e. Excursion
6. Pepper is moving her knees and suddenly remembers what she has learned from her class. The
movement of the synovial joint in one plane is ________
a. Hinge
b. Ball-and-socket
c. Ellipsoidal
d. Pivot
e. Saddle

7. While walking through a dark house, you hit the outside of your ankle on a bedpost. More than
likely you have hit the __________, which is a component of the __________.
a. calcaneus, tibia
b. calcaneus, fibula
c. lateral malleolus, tibia
d. lateral malleolus, fibula

8. From the list below, pick the ONLY bone that is unpaired
a. sphenoid
b. zygomatic
c. nasal
d. maxilla

9. The ____________ is (are) the opening through which the spinal cord passes
a. articular facets
b. vertebral canal
c. vertebral body
d. spinous process
e. intervertebral foramina

10. The ____________ is (are) the opening through which the spinal cord connects to the brain
a. mandibular fossa
b. foramen magnum
c. nasolacrimal canal
d. optic foramen
e. orbital fissures