VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“Jnana Sangama”, Belagavi-590 018

Mini Project Report

on
“OPTIMAL DESIGN OF HYBRID MICROGRID FOR OFF GRID
VILLAGES”
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Submitted by
ADARSH T V
USN: 1MV18EE001

Under the Guidance of

Dr. R. Sivapriyan,
Associate Professor
Dept of Electrical & Electronics Eng.,
SIRMVIT, Bengaluru.

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Sir M VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Off International Airport Road, Krishnadevaraya Nagar, Bengaluru – 562157
2022 – 2023
 Sir M VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Off International Airport Road, Krishnadevaraya Nagar, Bengaluru – 562157

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the mini project work entitled “Optimal Design of Hybrid Microgrid for Off

Grid Villages” carried out by Mr. ADARSH T V, USN 1MV18EE001, a bonafide students of
Sir M VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Bengaluru in partial fulfillment
for the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical &
Electronics Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year
2022-2023. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have
been incorporated in the report deposited in the department library. The Project work report has
been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work prescribed for the
above-mentioned degree.

Signature Guide Signature of HOD Signature of Principal

…………….. Dr. H L Suresh Prof. Rakesh S.G

EXTERNAL VIVA

Name of Examiners Signature with Date

1.
 2.

Sir M VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Off International Airport Road, Krishnadevaraya Nagar, Bengaluru – 562157

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

DECLARATION

We are hereby declare that the mini project work entitled “Optimal Design of Hybrid Microgrid
for Off Grid Villages” carried out by me and submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical & Electronics Engineering of the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2021-2022.The matter embodied in this
project report has not been submitted to any other university or institute for the award of any other
degree or diploma.

Place: Bengaluru ADARSH T V

Date: 12 / 05 / 2022 USN: 1MV18EE001
 ACKNOWLEDEGMENT

Our most sincere gratitude to “Sir M VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

Bengaluru” for giving me an opportunity to pursue Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical &
Electronics Engineering and thus, helping me to shape the career.
We would like wish to express my gratitude to our project guide Dr. H L SURESH, Professor &
Head, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sir MVIT for his constant support,
encouragement and provided valuable insights leading to the completion of the project and assisted
us in compiling the project

We would like to express our gratitude to Prof. Rakesh S.G, Principal of Sir MVIT, for providing
us with a congenial environment to work in.

We would also wish to express our gratitude to Dr. H L Suresh, Professor & HOD, Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sir MVIT for his constant support and encouragement.

We are highly indebted to Dr. R Sivapriyan, Assoc. Professor and Project coordinator, Dept. of
EEE, Sir MVIT for his guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary
information regarding the project.

Finally, I thank and acknowledge the immense help extended by our parents, staff of Electrical and
Electronics department and friends, without whom this report would not have reached completion.

SHARANAPPA M 1MV18EE003

x
y
z
ABSTRACT
 DECLARATION i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iii
CONTENTS iv-v
LIST OF FIGURES vi-vii
LIST OF TABLESS viii

CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-2

1.1 Objective 2

1.2 Literature Survey 2-3

CHAPTER 2 PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL 4-5

2.1 Characteristics of PV cell 5-6

2.2 Modelling of PV Array 6-8

CHAPTER 3 CONVERTERS 9

3.1 DC-DC Converters 9

3.2 Buck Converter 10-12

3.3 Boost Converter 13-15

3.4 Buck-Boost Converter 15-17

3.5 Maximum Power Point Tracking 17-18

3.6 Different MPPT techniques 18

3.7 Perturb and Observe Algorithm 18-20

CHAPTER 4 SIMULINK MODELING OF PV ARRAY AND 21
 CONVERTERS

4.1 Block diagram of PV system 21

4.2 Simulink model PV Array and converters 22

4.3 Simulink Modeling of PV Array 22

4.4 Simulink Modeling of PV Array-EG 23

4.5 Simulink Modeling of PV Array-IRS 23

4.6 Simulink Modeling of PV Array-IPh 24

4.7 Simulink Modeling of PV Array subsystem 24

4.8 Simulink Modeling of Buck Converter 25-26

4.9 Simulink Modeling of Boost Converter 26-27

4.10 Simulink Modeling of Buck-Boost Converter 28-29

Simulink Modeling of Buck-Boost Converter using two

4.11 Switches 30-31

4.12 PV standalone system 32-33

4.13 Boost converter using Solar PV panel 34-35

CHAPTER 5 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 36

5.1 Parameter used in the MATLAB code 36

5.2 MATLAB code for PV Array 37-38

5.3 Output waveforms of the PV Array 39-40

5.4 Simulink Model output 40

Results confirming proper coupling of PV array with Buck-
5.5 Boost Converter 41

CONCLUSION 42

FUTURE SCOPE 43
 REFERENCES 44

LIST OF FIGURES

2.1 Electrical equivalent model of a PV cell 5

2.2 Equivalent circuit of a PV cell 7

3.1 Buck Converter 10

3.2 Buck Converter during ON period 10

3.3 Steady state inductor voltage and current waveform 11

3.4 Buck Converter during OFF period 11

3.5 Boost Converter 13

3.6 Boost Converter during ON period 13

3.7 Boost Converter during OFF period 14

3.8 Steady state inductor voltage and current waveform 14

3.9 Buck-Boost Converter 15

(a) Switch ON period
3.10 (b)Switch OFF period 16

3.11 Steady state waveforms of Buck-Boost Converter 17

3.12 Solar panel characteristics showing MPP and operating points A and B 19

3.13 Flow chart of Perturb and Observe algorithm 20

4.1 Block diagram of PV System 21

4.2 Final Simulink model of PV system 22

4.3 Band gap of the semiconductor used in the cell 23

4.4 Cell reverse saturation current 23

4.5 Photo current 24

4.6 Solar PV subsystem 24
4.7 DC-DC Buck converter 25

4.8 Simulink model of Buck Converter 25

4.9 Simulink model output of Boost Converter 26

4.10 DC-DC Boost converter 26

4.11 Simulink model of Boost Converter 27

4.12 Simulink model output of Boost Converter 27

4.13 DC-DC Buck-Boost converter 28

4.14 Simulink model of Buck-Boost Converter 28

4.15 Simulink model output of Buck-Boost Converter(D>50) 29

4.16 Simulink model output of Buck-Boost Converter(D<50) 29

4.17 Simulink model of Buck-Boost Converter 30

4.18 Simulink model output of Buck-Boost Converter(Boost node) 30

4.19 Simulink model output of Buck-Boost Converter(Buck mode) 31

4.20 Simulink model of standalone PV system 32

4.21 Output of standalone PV system 33

4.22 Simulink model for boost converter using solar PV panel 34

5.1 I-V characteristic of PV array with different irradiation levels 39

5.2 P-I curves obtained at 280C for various irradiance levels 39

5.3 P-V curves obtained at 280C for various irradiance levels 40

5.4 PV array Simulink model output 40

 LIST OF TABLES.

4.1 Solar panel specification 34

4.2 Output of Boost converter 35

5.1 Parameter value used in MATLAB code 36

5.2 Value of input voltage and current for variation in load resistance 41