Tonsillitis

Presented by: Angel Mae T. Balazo

BSN2-A
 w ha t i s t o n s i l l i t i s ?
is inflammation of the
tonsils. It's usually caused
by a viral infection or, less
commonly, a bacterial
infection.
The symptoms of tonsillitis include:

a sore throat and pain when

swallowing
earache
high temperature (fever) over 38°C
(100.4F)
coughing
headache

The tonsils
The tonsils

are two small glands that sit on either side
of the throat. In young children, they help to fight
germs and act as a barrier against infection.
When the tonsils become infected, they isolate the
infection and stop it spreading further into the body.

What causes tonsillitis?

Most cases
of tonsillitis are caused by a viral
infection, such as the viruses that cause the common
cold or flu virus (influenza).

Some cases can also be caused by a bacterial

infection, typically a strain of bacteria called group A
streptococcus bacteria.

 Possible complications
a middle ear infection ( otitis media)
where fluid between the eardrum and inner
ear becomes infected by bacteria
quinsy (peritonsillar abscess)
an abscess (collection of pus) that develops betwe
one of the tonsils and the wall of the throat
obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA
where the walls of the throat relax during sleep, which
causes breathing difficulties and poor sleep
scarlet fever
a condition that causes a distinctive pink-red
skin rash
rheumatic fever
this causes widespread inflammation throughout the
body, leading to symptoms such as joint pain, rashes
and jerky body movements
glomerulonephritis
an infection (swelling) of the filters in the kidneys
that can cause vomiting and a loss of appetite
 TREATMENT
At-home care
Encourage rest.
Provide adequate fluids.
Avoid irritants.
Antibiotics
Penicillin, paracetamol or ibuprofen
Surgery
Tonsillectomy
 Epistaxis
(Nose bleeding)
Presented by: Angel Mae T. Balazo
BSN2-A
 what is epistaxis?
“Epistaxis” is the medical term
for a nosebleed. A nosebleed,
meaning a loss of blood from
the tissue that lines the inside
of your nose, can occur in one
or both nostrils. Usually, it only
affects one nostril.
 Types of nosebleed
Anterior nosebleed
An anterior nosebleed starts in the front of your
nose on the lower part of the wall that separates
the two sides of your nose (septum). Capillaries and
small blood vessels in this front area of your nose
are fragile and can easily break and bleed. This is
the most common type of epistaxis and usually isn’t
serious.
Posterior nosebleed
A posterior nosebleed occurs deep inside your nose. A
bleed in larger blood vessels in the back part of your
nose near your throat causes this type. It can result in
heavy bleeding, which may flow down the back of your
throat.
 Infections: Colds (upper respiratory
infections) and sinusitis, especially episodes
that cause repeated sneezing, coughing
and nose blowing.
Allergies: Allergic
and nonallergic rhinitis
(inflammation of your nasal lining).
Blood-thinning medications: Drugs such
as aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs), warfarin and others.
Recreational drugs: Cocaine and other
drugs you inhale through your nose.
High altitudes: The air is thinner (lack of
oxygen) and drier as the altitude increases.
Deviated septum: An abnormal shape of
the wall that separates the two sides of
your nose
 Types of epistaxis
Recurrent Epistaxis
-blood happens only at certain period of times, , can be
occur in seasonal platter and its most happen when the
weather is hot and dry
Constant Epistaxis
- types of nosebleed that happens a longer period of
time, the bleeding is continously occur(45min.).
Sudden Epistaxis
- these are nosebleeds which could happen
anytime of the day, regardless of the activity of

the child.
Chronic Epistaxis
- a condition that are continously experienced
for more than 6 months. Chronic bleeding
happens as a result of chronic disease this
include; chronic liver or kidney disease,
vascular malformation, long term use of
medication.
Heavy nosebleed
-heavy nosebleeds where there is a
significant amount of blood coming out of
the nose.
Complications

Hemorrhagic shock

Septic shock
Hypotension
Secondary infection
Anemia
 Management
First aid measure
• Keep the patient quiet
• Place the patient in a sitting position, leaning
forward, semifowler position
• Apply direst pressure by pinching the entire
soft lower portion of the nose for 10 to 15 mins.
• Apply icepack to the nose and cheek area
• Loosing clothes and giving reassurance
• Partially insert a small gauze pad into the
nose
• Apply digital pressure of bleeding continous
• Take medical treatment if bleeding did not
stop
 References
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases
/13464-nosebleed-epistaxis#prevention
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-
conditions/ears-nose-and-
throat/tonsillitis#:~:text=Tonsillitis%20is%20infl
ammation%20of%20the,throat%20and%20pain
%20when%20swallowing
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/tonsillitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-
20378483
Thank You
for listening!