PERCEPTION OF THE DRIVERS AND TRAFFIC ENFORCERS ON THE

ANTI-DRUNK DRUGGED DRIVING ACT IN TAGBILARAN

CITY, BOHOL: AN AWARENESS PROGRAM

VENUS L. AMPER
ANGELO V. BERNAS
JOHN LLOYD T. CAGULANG
RAMELITO M JURADO JR.
ALEXANDER P. TOSTON

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

BIT INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE
CITY OF TAGBILARAN
MARCH 2023
PERCEPTION OF THE DRIVERS AND TRAFFIC ENFORCERS ON THE
ANTI-DRUNK DRUGGED DRIVING ACT IN TAGBILARAN
CITY, BOHOL: AN AWARENESS PROGRAM

______________________

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to

The Faculty of College of Criminal Justice
BIT International College
City of Tagbilaran

-------------------------------------------

In Partial fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

________________________

VENUS L. AMPER
ANGELO V. BERNAS
JOHN LLOYD T. CAGULANG
RAMELITO M JURADO JR.
ALEXANDER P. TOSTON
 APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of

Science in Criminology, this thesis entitled “PERCEPTION OF THE
DRIVERS AND TRAFFIC ENFORCERS ON THE ANTI-DRUNK AND
DRUGGED DRIVING ACT IN TAGBILARAN CITY, BOHOL: AN
AWARENESS PROGRAM” prepared and submitted by VENUS L. AMPER,
ANGELO V. BERNAS, JOHN LLOYD T. CAGULANG, RAMELITO M. JURADO
JR and ALEXANDER P. TOSTON is hereby recommended for the admission to
oral examination.

DR. EDSEL A. LODONIA, Ph.D. TM

Adviser

Approved by the tribunal at the Oral Examination conducted on

_______________ with a grade of______________________.

THE EXAMINING TRIBUNAL

ENGR. DIONISIO NEIL A. BALITE, Ph.D.

Chairman

ENGR. DIONISIO A. BALITE, JR., Ph.D. ANECITO P. MORENO

Member Member

CHARITO C. CADELIÑA, MAEd

Member

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

MRS. IVY G. CALIAO

Dean, College of Criminal Justice
 CERTIFICATION OF THESIS ACCEPTABILITY

This thesis entitled “PERCEPTION OF THE DRIVERS AND TRAFFIC

ENFORCERS ON THE ANTI-DRUNK AND DRUGGED DRIVING ACT IN
TAGBILARAN CITY, BOHOL: AN AWARENESS PROGRAM” prepared and
submitted by VENUS L. AMPER, ANGELO V. BERNAS, JOHN LLOYD T.
CAGULANG, RAMELITO M. JURADO JR and ALEXANDER P. TOSTON was
carefully reviewed and found to be acceptable in partial fulfillment for the degree
of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

FACULTY REVIEW COMMITTEE

ENGR. LIBERATO LUPOT, JR., Ph.D.

Chairman

VALENTINA D. RAMISO, Ph.D.

Member

MS. MA. LILIBETH R. TAGA-AN, MSBA, LLB, LPT

Member
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers are very grateful to GOD ALMIGHTY, who has been the

guiding light in the pursuit of this study.

Appreciation and gratitude are also extended to the following people who

serve as instrument in the realization of this study.

To the adviser, Dr. Edsel A. Lodonia, Ph.D. for his constant

encouragement and his guidance which contribute much to this work and for his

overwhelming concern of this academic pursuit driving the researchers to finish

this task.

To the respective panel members, namely, ENGR. DIONISIO NEIL A.

BALITE, Ph.D., ENGR. DIONISIO A. BALITE JR., Ph.D. and ANECITO P.

MORENO for their constructive criticisms.

To our beloved parents who give their entire understanding and full

support, financially, morally, spiritually, socially and even intellectually to make

this study possible.

To the respondents who willingly and religiously shared their responses in

answering the questionnaires and to all whom, in one way or another, helped

carry out this undertaking towards success and fulfillment.

The Researchers
 DEDICATION

To God Almighty, for His precious gift of life;

To the parents, for their undying support;

To the relatives for their generosity;

To their friends, for understanding;

To all those who made this work

Possible and in reality.

This labor of love is heartily

Dedicated

The Researchers
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

“Do not Drink and Drive”,

this is a saying which is
common to all and usually
within
the tip of the tongue of all
motorists. This statement
serves as a reminder for
every motorists
not to drive vehicle under the
influence of liquor to ensure
road safety. However, despite
of
knowing this in mind the
motorists failed to observe
as a result, drunk-driving
violation is
committed
“Do not Drink and Drive”,
this is a saying which is
common to all and usually
within
the tip of the tongue of all
motorists. This statement
serves as a reminder for
every motorists
not to drive vehicle under the
influence of liquor to ensure
road safety. However, despite
of
knowing this in mind the
motorists failed to observe
as a result, drunk-driving
violation is
committed
“Do not Drink and Drive”,
this is a saying which is
common to all and usually
within
the tip of the tongue of all
motorists. This statement
 serves as a reminder for
every motorists
not to drive vehicle under the
influence of liquor to ensure
road safety. However, despite
of
knowing this in mind the
motorists failed to observe
as a result, drunk-driving
violation is
committed
Do not “Drink and Drive”, this is a saying which is common to all and

usually within the tip of the tongue of all motorists. This statement serves as a

reminder for every motorists not to drive vehicle under the influence of liquor to

ensure road safety. However, despite of knowing this in mind the motorists failed

to observe as a result, drunk-driving violation is committed.

 There are a lot of causes of accidents it might be at work,

school, traffic or even at home. People most likely heard the phrase

“Don’t drink and drive” already, whether it’s from a public service

announcement, driving instructors, or concerned parents and teachers.

Think that should be common sense? You’d be surprised about 25% of

road accidents in the Philippines are caused by excessive alcohol

consumption.

The Philippines’ Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Law prohibits drunk

drivers from going on the road. It’s essential reading for all drivers, whether

you’re a new one determined to keep your record clean of any violations, or an

experienced one looking to refresh your knowledge.

Drinking and driving is among the worst habits practiced by people all

over the world. People think that it is okay to drive themselves to town or even

to their homes after drinking. However, this is one thing that leads to occurrence

of accidents on our roads leading to serious consequences. Most of the times

when someone is under the influence of alcohol, they tend to think that they are

invincible. This wrong choice, however, can lead to fatal consequences and

should be addressed and avoided. That is why drunk driving is the topic of my

essay.
 Drinking and driving is alluded to as driving while intoxicated. The biggest

group in danger for drinking and driving are the individuals who drives after

consuming a lot of alcohol to be ingested into ones circulation system.

A driver driving under alcohol influence is more likely to cause road

accident as compared to one driving under no influence. In case of an accidents,

death may occur, reportedly in many countries across the world many deaths

have occurred due to drinking and driving as a result of accidents. Those who

are lucky to survive the accidents may suffer injuries including partial or total

disability. Another effect of drinking and driving is the fact that when one is

caught driving under alcohol influence they get a bad record and apparently their

reputation is ruined in a way. Due to the devastating effects that result from

drinking and driving, it is vital to consider looking for ways that may reduce or

better eliminate incidents of drinking and driving.

There is the need to have citizens educated on the effects of drinking and

driving. It is important to drive safely because it might happen. It might end up

hurting someone else using the roads such as cyclists, a pedestrian or another

motor-vehicle user. The benefits for all of these categories are so that you are

driving alive, sob that your heart is still beating and so that you won’t have the

weight of killing someone on your shoulders. You can’t control how other people

drive, but can control on how a person can drive and that’s why its not advisable

to drink and drive (1:2023).

 It is absurd to have a law that prohibits driving under the influence if the

definition of “impaired driving” is not complete. Impaired driving means driving a

motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol or drugs. A police officer can

determine the alcohol level in a person’s blood by a breath sample, but drugs are

not so easily detectable.

The legal limit of alcohol is less than 80 milligrams in 100 milligrams of

blood. What should be the limit for drugs and how can it be tested? The most

popular drug is marijuana and it can only be detected by a blood and urine

sample. The topic of marijuana is very controversial and there as many people I

who argue that it impairs driving, as there are people who are convinced that it

has no effect. Every person reacts differently to this drug, so how it is

determined that marijuana caused impairment in your driving? Marijuana can

stay in your system for days or even weeks at a time, so after the tests are

done, how it is determined whether you smoked just before you drove or a week

ago? Are there are possible road tests that can prove that there are marijuana in

your system? What about other drugs ? (2:2022).

The researchers would like to assess the perception of the drivers and

traffic enforcers on the anti-drunk drugged driving act in Tagbilaran City, Bohol.

Theoretical Background

Theory. This study is anchored on the Social Bond Theory by Travis Hirschi

(3:2023). Stated that "we are moral beings to the extent we are social beings”.
Social bond theory assumes that the motivation for deviant behavior is present in

everyone, and concerns itself with the factors that keep an individual from

engaging in deviance. The social bond essentially" refers to the connection

between the individual and society. When these bonds are weak or lacking the

individual has less at stake and is at higher risk for committing deviant acts.

There are four elements of the social bond. The first is attachment. This refers to

the ties that an individual has to significant others such as family members;

particularly parents. The second component of the social bond, commitment,

refers to the aggregate investment of time, energy, and resources in

conventional activities such as getting an education or a holding a job. These

investments represent stakes in conformity. Indicators of commitment for

university students include religiosity, church attendance, commitment to higher

education, and grade point average. The third element of the social bond is

involvement. This consists of the amount of time a person spends engaging in

conventional activities such as doing schoolwork, participating in extracurricular

activities such as clubs or athletics, and working at a part-time job. The final

component of the social bond is belief. This is the acceptance of a conventional

value system. The belief component includes a general acceptance of the rules of

society as being morally valid and binding, as well as respect for authority and

the legal system. First, two previous studies have explored the relationship

between binge drinking and the social bond in university students. These results

suggest that both the commitment and belief components of social bond theory
are negatively related to binge drinking. Binge drinking is a risky type of alcohol-

related behavior that may be somewhat analogous to drunk driving. Therefore,

there may be a similar relationship between the social bond and drunk driving.

Second, found higher rates of drinking and driving among students from

divorced families. Social bond theory would posit that these students would have

a lower-level of attachment to parents due to divorce. Finally, using data

collected from high school seniors found a negative relationship between both

religious commitment and grade point average (two indicators of the

commitment component of the social bond) and drunk driving. Therefore, the

same relationship might be expected for university b students.

Theory: Legal Basis:

Social Bond Theory by Travis
Hirschi  RA 10586

Hirschi’s social bonds theory is

based on the basic assumption that Pursuant to the Constitutional
humans naturally tend towards principle that recognizes the
delinquency. The interesting question protection of life and property and
for him is what prevents people from the promotion of the general
 There is a need to assess the perception of the drivers and traffic enforcers
on the Anti-Drunk Drugged Driving Act in Tagbilaran City, Bohol.

Figure 1
Theoretical Framework
Legal Basis. The study is based on RA 10586, An Act penalizing person

driving under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs, and similar substances,

and for other purposes.

Section 4. Driver’s Education. – Every applicant for a motor vehicle

driver’s license shall complete a course of instruction that provides information

on safe driving including, but not limited to, the effects of the consumption of
alcoholic beverages on the ability of a person to operate a motor vehicle, the

hazards of driving under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or other

similar substances, and the penalties attached for violation thereof.

Section 6. Conduct of Field Sobriety, Chemical and Confirmatory Tests. –

A law enforcement officer who has probable cause to believe that a person is

driving under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or other similar

substances by apparent indications and manifestations, including overspeeding,

weaving, lane straddling, sudden stops, swerving, poor coordination or the

evident smell of alcohol in a person’s breath or signs of use of dangerous drugs

and other similar substances, shall conduct field sobriety tests.

If the driver fails in the sobriety tests, it shall be the duty of the law

enforcement officer to implement the mandatory determination of the driver’s

blood alcohol concentration level through the use of a breath analyzer or similar

measuring instrument.

If the law enforcement officer has probable cause to believe that a person

is driving under the influence of dangerous drugs and/or other similar

substances, it shall be the duty of the law enforcement officer to bring the driver

to the nearest police station to be subjected to a drug screening test and, if

necessary, a drug confirmatory test as mandated under Republic Act No. 9165.
 Law enforcement officers and deputized local traffic enforcement officers

shall be responsible in implementing this section.

Section 7. Mandatory Alcohol and Chemical Testing of Drivers Involved in

Motor Vehicular Accidents. – A driver of a motor vehicle involved in a vehicular

accident resulting in the loss of human life or physical injuries shall be subjected

to chemical tests, including a drug screening test and, if necessary, a drug

confirmatory test as mandated under Republic Act No. 9165, to determine the

presence and/or concentration of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or similar

substances in the bloodstream or body.

Section 8. Refusal to Subject Oneself to Mandatory Tests. – A driver of a

motor vehicle who refuses to undergo the mandatory field sobriety and drug

tests under Sections 6, 7 and 15 of this Act shall be penalized by the confiscation

and automatic revocation of his or her driver’s license, in addition to other

penalties provided herein and/or other pertinent laws.

Section 9. Acquisition of Equipment. – Within four (4) months from the

effectivity of this Act, the Land Transportation Office (LTO) and the Philippine

National Police (PNP) shall acquire sufficient breath analyzers and drug-testing

kits to be utilized by law enforcement officers and deputized local traffic

enforcement officers nationwide giving priority to areas with high reported

occurrences of accidents. For purposes of acquiring these equipment and for the

training seminars indicated in Section 10 hereof, the LTO shall utilize the Special
Road Safety Fund allotted for this purpose as provided under Section 7 of

Republic Act No. 8794, entitled: "An Act Imposing a Motor Vehicle User’s Charge

on Owners of All Types of Motor Vehicles and for Other Purposes". Additional

yearly appropriations for the purchase of breath analyzers and drug-testing kits

shall be provided annually under the General Appropriations Act.

Section 10. Deputation. – The LTO may deputize traffic enforcement

officers of the PNP, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) and

cities and municipalities in order to enforce the provisions of this Act.

Section 11. Law Enforcement Officer Education. – The LTO and the PNP

shall conduct training seminars for their law enforcers and deputies with regard

to the proper conduct of field sobriety tests and breath analyzer tests every year.

Within four (4) months from the effectivity of this Act, the LTO shall publish the

guidelines and procedures for the proper conduct of field sobriety tests, which

guidelines shall be made available to the public and made available for download

through the official LTO website (4:2013).

Related Literature

The following readings were associated in the study in order to give

important information that can help gain profound insights into the study.
 According to Citizen's Report: Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Law in

The Philippines. If there is an individual driving under the influence of alcohol

and drugs occurs on the road, the law enforcement officer can flag down an

offending vehicle exhibiting signs of drunk and drugged driving. They can

also conduct random terminal inspections, as well as a nationwide random

terminal inspection of all motor vehicles including public utility vehicles.

After undergoing appropriate law enforcement officer education, law

enforcement officers can conduct the following field sobriety tests:

The Eye Test

1. The law enforcement officer shall move an object from side to side and

the eyes of the driver fail to follow the movement from a foot away. As a

driver, you are being tested for the involuntary jerking of the eyes called

"nystagmus".

The Walk and Turn

1. In this field sobriety tests refers to the act of making the driver of a motor

vehicle walk heel to toe in a straight line, turn, then walk another nine

steps to where you came from.

The One-leg Stand

1. In this test, the driver is tasked to stand on his or her one leg while

keeping the other foot raised above the ground for at least thirty seconds.

Should a driver fail any of the tests, then the driver of the motor vehicle

involved will have to do breath analyzer tests. In the breath analyzer test, a
breath analyzer testing equipment will gauge whether a person's breath is

positive for alcohol.

How will you pass the test, you ask? If the breath analyzer detects a

blood alcohol concentration level of 0.05%, then you are safe. However, with

public utility drivers involved, there must be a 0.00% level of blood alcohol

concentration.

On the other hand, if there is a positive indication that any driver, may

they be professional drivers or not, and the officer believes that they are

under the influence of dangerous drugs and/or carry hazardous materials,

then, they will be invited to the nearest police station for a drug confirmatory

test.

Under the Revised penal code republic act no 9165, otherwise known

as the “Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002”, any person's body

who is suspected to be under drug intoxication or carry hazardous materials,

dangerous drugs and similar substances such as marijuana (cannabis),

methamphetamine hydrochloride (shabu), cocaine, ecstasy and other drugs

listed in the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotics Drugs will subject oneself

to drug tests using the drug confirmatory equipment available in the said

nearest police station (5:2022).

The Dangers of Drunk Driving. According to T. Buddy (2019), Although

traffic fatalities have been on the decline in recent years, alcohol-related crashes

still kill about 10,000 people per year in the United States, with alcohol a factor
in one out of three motor vehicle deaths, according to the CDC. Despite all the

warnings, public awareness and educational programs, stiffer penalties for

violations, people will still get behind the wheel of their vehicles while

intoxicated. While drunk driving numbers have decreased in the past couple of

decades for youths and teens, they are still at risk whether they are the drivers

or not. Motor vehicle wrecks are the leading cause of death in the United States

for persons under age 24, whether as the driver or the passenger, with almost

half involving alcohol as a factor in the crash A driver with a blood alcohol

concentration (BAC) of 0.10 or greater is seven times more likely to be involved

in a fatal motor vehicle crash than a driver who has not consumed alcoholic

beverages, and a driver with an alcohol concentration of 0.15 or greater is about

25 times more likely. Basically, the more you drink, the more likely you are to

have an accident and a fatal one. The same applies for the likelihood of having

any vehicle accident, fatal or otherwise. Here are the cold, hard facts. 160-pound

person drinking two 12-ounce beers within an hour would probably have a BAC

of 0.02, well below the legal limits of driving under the influence, but 1.4 times

more likely to have an accident than someone who is sober. One of the problems

with setting the legal limit for ‘drunk driving’ at a blood-alcohol content level of

0.08 is it sends the message that if you are not yet legally drunk, you are

therefore okay to drive. The problem lies in the fact that impairment begins long

before you reach the 0.08 level. Scientific research shows explicitly that some of

the skills that you need to drive safely begin to deteriorate even at the 0.02
blood-alcohol level. Experiments have shown that drivers at the 0.02 level

experience a decline in visual functions their ability to track a moving object and

experience a decline in the ability to perform two tasks at the same time

(6:2019).

According to the article despite all the warning regarding drunk driving

accidents. People still tends to drive while intoxicated even though the know it

can lead to accidents. So with the use of the proposed system, those people who

still drive even though they are intoxicated can no longer use their motorcycles.

Because it will detect the driver if the driver has alcohol content in his body. so if

the proposed system sense an alcohol content. It can no longer run until it can

no longer sense an alcohol to the driver (7:2019).

Drinking and Driving, According to S. Kathleen (8:2019), Driving under

the influence is a huge problem in our country. In the United States, almost 30

people die every day in crashes that involve a driver impaired by alcohol. That’s

at least one death an hour. There are over 100 million self-reported instances of

alcohol-impaired driving every year, and over a million drivers are arrested for

driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs. A third of all fatal car

crashes involve an intoxicated person. Most incidents involved alcohol, but other

drugs are involved in about 18% of motor vehicle deaths. The cost of these

crashes reaches into the tens of billions each year. Young people are especially

at risk for drinking and driving. Of the drivers with a blood alcohol concentration

higher than 0.08%, one out of 3 were between the ages of 21 and 24.
Motorcyclists are also at risk. A third of motorcyclists killed in fatal crashes have

BAC’s above the legal limit. Finally, if you have a previous driving while impaired

(DWI) conviction, you are seven times more likely to be involved in a fatal car

crash involving drugs or alcohol.

With the use of the proposed system, the amount of intoxicated drivers

that uses motorcycle will decrease the probability of having an accident because

the proposed system will secure the motorcycle for them not to be able to use it

while they are intoxicated.

2018 PH drunk-driving figures will leave you scratching your head.

According to Laurel (2018), Statistics provided by the Land Transportation Office

(LTO) show that between January 1 and June 30, 2018, a measly 100 motorists

were apprehended for violating Republic Act 10586, or driving while under the

influence of alcohol or dangerous drugs and similar substances. It gets worse:

The 100 apprehensions above only refer to first-time offenders. How many were

caught driving under the influence a second time? The situation becomes more

of a head-scratcher when you realize authorities are actually equipped to enforce

the anti-drunk driving law. Since 2015, the government has bought and issued

756 breath analyzers. What’s more, 818 LTO, Metropolitan Manila Development

Authority (MMDA), and Philippine National Police (PNP) personnel have been

deputized to handle the situation since 2016 (9:2019).

Related Studies

The following relevant studies are being presented as basis for the

conduct of this study. In the study of Palomo (10:2018) on “The

effectiveness of the Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Law of 2013 in

curtailing vehicular accidents as perceived by traffic enforcers of Iloilo

City”. This Study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Anti-

Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013 as perceived by traffic enforcers of Iloilo

City. It sought to establish the manner of implementing the Anti-Drunk and

Drugged Driving Act of 2013. It likewise examined whether the actual

enforcement of the Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Law was following the

guidelines of the said law. This Study extracted qualitative data involving the

perception of the traffic enforcers towards carrying out the provisions of the Anti-

Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013 through a Structured Interview. Results

yielded that the lack of data by the Traffic Investigation and Enforcement Unit

for drunk and drugged-driving incidents was attributed to the unavailability of

alcohol breath analyzers to ascertain whether a person exceeded the required

blood alcohol content and other testing kits to evaluate whether a person was

under the influence of dangerous drugs. "There were also no data for repeat

offenders for drunk-driving, persistent complainants of the Anti-Drunk and

Drugged Driving Law and those who dropped the charges because the

complainant and the perpetrator would just talk outside the premises of the

Traffic Investigation and Enforcement Unit between and among themselves and
whatever decisions they came up with, they did not come back to the office.

Likewise, there were no statistics for deaths due to drunk and drugged driving

because the traffic enforcers were not responsible for recording the data. There

were no repeated offenders for drugged driving considering that there were also

no first time offenders as “there were no pieces of equipment to check whether

the said offender was really under the influence of dangerous drugs. There being

no cases of drugged driving, no complainants existed and no charges to settle as

well.”

Additionally, in the study “Effectiveness of implementing traffic

rules and regulations regarding Republic Act 10586 in Cabanatuan

City” by Cruz MCA. (11:2020). The Land Transportation Office (LTO) has an

ADDA provision which is known as the Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of

2013 or R.A 10586. This is where the part of the service standards and

regulations of LTO came from. Anti-Drunk and drugged driving act of 2013 is an

Act penalizing person's driving under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs,

and other similar substances. And for other purposes, it means that this republic

act aims to reduce and prevent vehicular accident, loss of life and damage to

property and this study also aims to determine the effectiveness of

Implementation of Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013 of how does it

affects the driver and the society.

After conducting the research procedure, the researcher found out that in
Implemented Rules and Regulation, the Motorist/Drivers and the LTO Enforcers

described it as being often obey and well performed of their duties and

responsibilities regarding R.A 10586, but there is significance difference between

the response of both respondents.

However, the findings of this study have led the researcher in

determining the effectiveness of implementing traffic rules and regulation and

awareness of the Motorist/Drivers in driving of the said Implemented Rules and

Regulations.

Moreover, in the study of Mary Chris Austria Cruz (12:2020) on

“Effectiveness of Implementing Traffic Rules and Regulations

Regarding Republic Act 10586 in Cabanatuan City”. The Land

Transportation Office (LTO) has an ADDA provision which is known as the Anti-

Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013 or R.A 10586. This is where the part of

the service standards and regulations of LTO came from. Anti-Drunk and

drugged driving act of 2013 is an Act penalizing person driving under the

influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs, and other similar substances. And for

other purposes, it means that this republic act aims to reduce and prevent

vehicular accident, loss of life and damage to property and this study also aims

to determine the effectiveness of Implementation of Anti-Drunk and Drugged

Driving Act of 2013 of how does it affects the driver and the society.
     After conducting the research procedure, the researcher found out that in

Implemented Rules and Regulation, the Motorist/Drivers and the LTO Enforcers

described it as being often obey and well performed of their duties and

responsibilities regarding R.A 10586, but there is significance difference between

the response of both respondents.

     However, the findings of this study have led the researcher in determining

the effectiveness of implementing traffic rules and regulation and awareness of

the Motorist/Drivers in driving of the said Implemented Rules and Regulations.

Conceptual Background
 Land Transportation makes things possible because it provides

convenience to man. However, there are also adverse effects of transportation,

such as accidents, deaths, and property damages. 

The conceptual framework viewed in the schematic diagram in Figure 2

shows the inputs consist of the data on the profile of the Traffic Enforcers and

Drivers respondents in terms of their age, gender, civil status, years in service,

frequency in drinking alcohol, frequency in conducting traffic management, and

Do you drive after you drink an alcohol.

        The process involved the descriptive normative method of research. A self-

made questionnaire was used to collect data relative to responses of the Traffic

Enforcers and Drivers. The result of the data gathered were tallied, tabulated

and processed for analysis through statistical treatment to test the hypothesis.

        The output of the study includes a proposed awareness program.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Data gathered from the

  Construction of the
questionnaire
 Collection and
tabulation of the data
gathered Proposed
 Presentation of the Awareness
data Program
 Analysis of Findings
 Conclusions
 Recommendations

Figure 2
Conceptual Framework

THE PROBLEM
 Statement of the Problem. The main objective of this study is to make

an analysis on the perception of the drivers and traffic enforcers on the status of

implementation of Drunk and Drugged in Tagbilaran City, Bohol for the year

2023 – 2024 with an end view of proposing an awareness program.

Specifically, it aimed to discover the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

A. Traffic Enforcers B. Drivers

a. Age; a. Age;

b. Gender; b. Gender;

c. Civil Status; c. Civil Status;

d. Years in service; and d. Frequency in drinking alcohol;

and

e. Frequency in conducting e. Do you drive after you drink

Traffic management? an alcohol?

2. What is the status of the implementation of the anti-drunk and drugged

driving act in the City of Tagbilaran?

3. Is there significant degree of difference in the perception of respondents

on the Anti-Drunk and Drugged driving act in Tagbilaran City?

4. What proposed awareness program could be offered to help drivers and

traffic enforcers in the implementation of Anti-Drunk Act?

Null Hypothesis

There is no significant degree of difference on the responses of the

respondents in the perception of respondents on the Anti-Drunk and Drugged

driving act in Tagbilaran City?

Significance of the Study

The researchers undertook this study for the benefit of the traffic

enforcers and drivers of Tagbilaran City, Bohol and researchers of this study.

Traffic Enforcers. This study will help the traffic enforcers to have

knowledge and awareness on what action is to be done in order to lessen the

problems encountered by drivers and any other violations regarding drunk ang

drugged act.

Drivers. The study will help them to be mindful enough and give them a

lecture on how to avoid and prevent driving while drunk and effects and

penalties in the use of drugs.

Future Researchers. They will have a basis for future research study

relating to the perception of the drivers and traffic enforcers on the status of

implementation of Drunk and Drugged in Tagbilaran City, Bohol.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

 The study focused on the perception of the drivers and traffic enforcers

on the status of implementation of Drunk and Drugged in Tagbilaran City, Bohol.

The following limitations were also considered in the conduct of the study:

reluctance of the respondents to answer the questionnaire due to their busy

work schedule. The researchers also explained earnestly to the respondents the

value and importance of the output of the study and asked them to answer the

questionnaires wholeheartedly. 

In order to attain the target goal of finishing the study, the researchers

opted to select Tagbilaran City, Bohol as their research location. The researchers

gathered twenty (20) traffic enforcers and forty (40) drivers. They collected a

total of sixty (60) research participants.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The study uses the descriptive normative survey with the use of a

questionnaire as the main data gathering tool. The descriptive normative survey

was used to seek answer to the problems and to ascertain the normal or typical

condition to practice or to compare result with a state or national norm or

standard. It serves to describe what transpired from the responses gathered

from traffic enforcers and drivers.

Research Environment and Subjects

The researchers intend to conduct the study among the traffic enforcers

and drivers of the Tagbilaran City, Bohol. The respondents shall be asked to

answer the questions to the best of their knowledge provided under every

number. The research locale is purposely design and made in order to duly

determine the desired data necessary for this study.  

The researchers gathered twenty (20) traffic enforcers and forty (40)

drivers. They collected a total of sixty (60) research participants.

Research Instrument

In gathering the basic and necessary information to conceptualize or

visualize the main purpose of the study, the researchers would like to employ a

Research Questionnaire. This simple method of gathering data will enable the

researchers to completely make its conclusions and recommendations as part of

the purpose why there is a need to conduct the research.

The questionnaire was formulated in a manner that the respondents could

easily understand and truthfully points out the exact answer to every question.

All items found in the questionnaire were explained and discussed to the

respondents so that they could fully comprehend the questions.

The direction on how to answer the questionnaire must be fully explained

to the respondents to avoid the possible confusion and misinterpretation that

would eventually result in the failure of the research study. In as much as the
direction was already explained the respondents are encourage to have some

comments in order for the researchers to consider an avenue for change and

growth for both the researcher’s intellectual capacity and moral values that they

may encountered all throughout the research process.

A self-made questionnaire which has constructed by the researchers with

the assistance of their thesis adviser was used as the main data gathering

instrument. This questionnaire obtains data regarding the profile and their

responses were used for this study. This consist of two parts, Part I, focuses on

the profile of the respondents in terms of their age, gender, civil status, years in

service, and frequency in conducting traffic management for traffic enforcers and

age, gender, civil status, frequency in drinking alcohol and do you drink an

alcohol. Part II, What is the status of the implementation of the anti-drunk and

drugged driving act in the City of Tagbilaran.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers secured the permission for the distribution of the

questionnaires to the traffic enforcers and drivers of Tagbilaran City, Bohol. After

securing the needed consent, the researchers personally distributed the

questionnaire to the respondents to get the data desired for the study. The

respondents were given enough time to answer the questionnaire and requested

to return the accomplished form on the agreed date.

Data Analysis

The data gathered were tabulated, interpreted and analyzed in order to

established the norms of occurrence through the simple percentage of

computations. To obtain the percentages, the frequency of responses to each

item was divided by the total number of cases and then multiplied by 100, thus:

Percent = f/n x 100; where f = frequency and n = number of cases. The data on

the demographic profile was obtained using the mean as basis for the profile:

M=∑x/N; where ∑x is the summation of all data and N is the number of

respondents.

The following weights were assigned to the scales with their

corresponding equivalents:

Weight Scale Range

4 Very Much Observed (3.26 – 4.00)

3 Observed (2.51 – 3.25)

2 Less Observed (1.76 – 2.50)

1 Not Observed (1.00 – 1.75)

Statistical Treatment

The data gathered through the use of the questionnaire were subjected to

statistical treatment, computation and analysis. The purpose was to determine

the difference of the responses of the two different group of respondents. It was

subjected to a t- test using the formula.

Formula:

t= X1+ X2

S1 +S2

N1+ N2

where:

t= t –test

X1= mean of the first group

X2= mean of the second group

S1= variance of the first group

S2= variance of the second group

N1= number of cases of the first group

N2=number of the cases of the second group

 DEFINITION OF TERMS

To avoid conflict of ideas due to the different connotations of words, the

following terms were defined as used in this study:

Accidents

An unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally,

typically resulting in damage or injury.

Alcohol

A colorless volatile flammable liquid that is produced by the

natural fermentation of sugars and is the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer,

spirits, and other drinks, and is also used as an industrial solvent and as fuel.

Death

The action or fact of dying or being killed; the end of the life of a person

or organism.

Drink

A liquid that can be swallowed as refreshment or nourishment.

Drive

To operate and control the direction and speed of a motor vehicle.

Drug

A medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect

when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body.

Education

The process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a

school or university.

Habit

A settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to

give up.

Influence

The capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or

behavior of someone or something, or the effect itself.

Intoxicated

The capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or

behavior of someone or something, or the effect itself.

Liqour

An alcoholic drink, especially distilled spirits.
Marijuana

Cannabis, especially as smoked or consumed as a psychoactive (mind-

altering) drug.

Motorists

The driver of an automobile.

Motor Vehicle

A road vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine or other

motor.

Prohibit

Formally forbid (something) by law, rule, or other authority.

Road

A wide way leading from one place to another, especially one with a

specially prepared surface which vehicles can use.

Safety

The condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk,

or injury.
Traffic Officers

Police officers whose job is to direct the movement of vehicles on a road

or to stop drivers who are breaking the law and give them an official notice of

their offense.

Violation

The action of violating someone or something.

 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This study is composed of three chapters:

Chapter I. The Problem and Its Scope, contains the introduction, the

rationale, the theoretical background, the theoretical framework, the scope and

limitation of the study, the research methodology which includes the research

design, research environment and subjects, the research instrument, the data

gathering procedure, the statistical treatment and the definition of terms;

Chapter II. Presentation and Analysis of Findings, contains reports,

analysis and interpretation of the data gathered in the light of the different

aspects of the problems; and

Chapter III. Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations,

presents summary of the problem, the research methodology, the findings, the

conclusions drawn from the recommendations which includes a proposed

enhancement measure.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. https://careers.umbc.edu/employers/internships/what-is-an-internship/

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article=1038&context=fac_pubs

3. https://www.virtualcti.com/how-to-tackle-challenges-during-a-remote-
internship

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redirectedFrom=fulltext

6. https://ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/CMO-No.21-s2005.pdf

7. https://www.bestvalueschools.com/faq/what-are-some-good-internships-
for-criminal-justice-majors/

8. https://www.internships.com/criminal-justice

9. https://sociology.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/internships

10. https://ccjs.umd.edu/undergraduate/internship-program

11. https://www.hau.edu.ph/news/read/
eadc1dd8fc279583d5552700ae5d248e3fa123bd/
Criminology+students+complete+virtual+internships+at+Int
%E2%80%99l+Justice+Mission

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16. https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
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348458647_Article_Review_Internship_Satisfaction_Determinants_Among
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18. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED593865.pdf
 Appendix D

BIT INTERNATONAL COLLEGE

200 Gallares Street, Tagbilaran City, Bohol

College of Criminal Justice

Survey Questionnaire

PERCEPTION OF THE DRIVERS AND TRAFFIC ENFORCERS ON THE

ANTI-DRUNK DRUGGED DRIVING ACT IN TAGBILARAN
CITY, BOHOL: AN AWARENESS PROGRAM

To our dear Respondents:

Here is a questionnaire which serves as data instruments for the present

study. Kindly answer the questionnaire honestly to ensure the accuracy of the
data and for a more reliable result. All information gathered will be held
confidential and shall be used only for the purpose of research.

Thank you so much.

Researchers

Part I. Profile of the Respondents

Direction: Please indicate with a checkmark of your choice on the space

provided.

A.  Traffic Enforcers

a.) Age
[ ] 25 years old and below
[ ] 26 – 30 years old
[ ] 31 – 35 years old
[ ] 36 years old and above
 b.) Gender
[ ] Male
[ ] Female
[ ] LGBTQ

c.) Civil Status

[ ] Single 
[ ] Married
[ ] Widowed
[ ] Separated

d.) Years in Service

[ ] 2 years and below
[ ] 3- 5 years
[ ] 6 – 10 years
[ ] 11 years and above

e.) Frequency in Conducting Traffic Management

[ ] Every day
[ ] Sometimes
[ ] Seldom
[ ] Never

B. Drivers

a.) Age
[] 30 years old and below
[] 31 – 40 years old
[] 41 – 50  years old
[] 51 years old and above

b.) Gender
[ ] Male
[ ] Female
[ ] LGBTQ

c.) Civil Status

[ ] Single 
[ ] Married
[ ] Widowed
[ ] Separated

d.) Frequency in Drinking Alcohol

[ ] Every day
 [ ] Sometimes/Occasionally
[ ] Seldom
[ ] Never

e.) Do you Drive after you Drink an Alcohol

[ ] Yes
[ ] No

Part II. Status of the Implementation of the Anti-Drunk and Drugged

Driving Act in the City of Tagbilaran

Direction: Please indicate a checkmark (√) of your response to the column that
corresponds to your answer. Numerical choices correspond to the
following quantifiers.
4 – Very Much Observed 2 – Less Observed
3 – Observed 1 – Not Observed
Items 4 3 2 1
(VMO) (O) (LO) (NO)
1. Every applicant for a motor vehicle driver’s
license shall complete a course of instruction
that provides information on safe driving.
2. For professional drivers, every applicant for a
driver’s license or those applying for renewal
thereof shall undergo the driver’s education.
3. Indication and manifestation of DUI includes
over speeding, weaving, lane straddling, sudden
stops, swerving, poor coordination or the
evident smell of alcohol in a person’s breath or
signs of use of dangerous drugs and other
similar substances.
4. Law enforcement officers and deputized local
traffic enforcement officers (TCTMO) shall be
responsible in implementing conduct of field
sobriety chemical and confirmatory test.
5. A driver of a motor vehicle involved in a
vehicular accident resulting in the loss of
human life or physical injuries shall be
subjected to chemical tests.
6. A driver of a motor vehicle who refuses to
undergo the mandatory field sobriety and
drug tests be penalized by the confiscation
and automatic revocation of his or her
 driver’s license.
7. The LTO deputizes traffic enforcement officers
of the PNP, the Tagbilaran City Traffic
Management Office (TCTMO) and cities and
municipalities in order to enforce the
provisions.
8. The owner and/or operator of the vehicle
driven by the offender shall be directly and
principally held liable.
9. The perpetual revocation of a driver’s license
shall disqualify the person from being
granted any kind of driver’s license
thereafter.
10. The professional driver’s license of any
person found to have violated Section 5 of
the Act 10586 shall also be confiscated and
perpetually revoked for the first conviction.

Thank you very much for your cooperation….

 CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME : Venus L. Amper

DATE OF BIRTH : July 18, 2001

PLACE OF BIRTH : Cebu City

ADDRESS : Canlasid, Loboc, Bohol

GUARDIAN : Mrs. Wendie L. Amper

NATIONALITY : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY : Calunasan Sur Elementary School

Calunasan Sur, Loboc, Bohol

SECONDARY : BIT International College

200 Gallares St., Tagbilaran City, Bohol

TERTIARY : BIT International College

200 Gallares St., Tagbilaran City, Bohol

COURSE : Bachelor of Science in Criminology

 CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME : Angelo V. Bernas

DATE OF BIRTH : August 1, 2001

PLACE OF BIRTH : Poblacion, Pilar, Bohol

ADDRESS : Dao District, Tagbilaran City, Bohol

PARENTS : Mr. Brian M. Bernas

Mrs. Ana Lee V. Bernas

NATIONALITY : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY : Cogon Elementary School

Cogon District, Tagbilaran City, Bohol

SECONDARY : Cogon National High School

Cogon District, Tagbilaran City, Bohol

TERTIARY : BIT International College

200 Gallares St., Tagbilaran City, Bohol

COURSE : Bachelor of Science in Criminology

 CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME : John Lloyd T. Cagulang

DATE OF BIRTH : September 21, 2000

PLACE OF BIRTH : Bauhugan, Dimiao, Bohol

ADDRESS : Bauhugan, Dimiao, Bohol

PARENTS : Mr. Quiliano G. Cagulang

Mrs. Paciencia T. Cagulang

NATIONALITY : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY : Bauhugan Elementary School

Bauhugan, Dimiao, Bohol

SECONDARY : Dimiao National High School

Puangyuta, Dimiao, Bohol

TERTIARY : BIT International College

200 Gallares St., Tagbilaran City, Bohol

COURSE : Bachelor of Science in Criminology

 CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME : Ramelito M. Jurado

DATE OF BIRTH : August 23, 2000

PLACE OF BIRTH : Pobalcion, Bien-Unido, Bohol

ADDRESS : Bilangbilangan Daku, Bien-Unido, Bohol

PARENTS : Mr. Ramelito B. Jurado

Mrs. Jennifer M. Jurado

NATIONALITY : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY : Bilangbilangan Daku Elementary School

Bilangbilangan Daku, Bien-Unido, Bohol

SECONDARY : Pociano L. Padin National High School

Bilangbilangan Daku, Bien-Unido, Bohol

TERTIARY : BIT International College

200 Gallares St., Tagbilaran City, Bohol

COURSE : Bachelor of Science in Criminology

 CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME : Alexander P. Toston

DATE OF BIRTH : August 26, 2000

PLACE OF BIRTH : Poblacion, Tagbilaran City, Bohol

ADDRESS : Manga District, Tagbilaran City, Bohol

PARENTS : Mr. Sofronio Toston

Mrs. Jocelyn Toston

NATIONALITY : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY : Manga Elementary School

Manga District, Tagbilaran City, Bohol

SECONDARY : Manga National High School

Manga District, Tagbilaran City, Bohol

TERTIARY : BIT International College

200 Gallares St., Tagbilaran City, Bohol

COURSE : Bachelor of Science in Criminology