CoMP Based Delta-OMA Scheme for Visible Light
Communications
Priyashantha Tennakoon1,2 , Samikkannu Rajkumar1 , Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody2 and Marko Beko2,3
1 Centre for Telecommunication Research, Sri Lanka Technological Campus, Padukka 10500, Sri Lanka
2 COPELABS, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
3 Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
priyashanthat@sltc.ac.lk, rajkumars@sltc.ac.lk, dushantha.jayakody@ulusofona.pt and p3564@ulusofona.pt.
Abstract—In this paper, a new network model for visible
light communication (VLC) is proposed using delta-orthogonal
multiple access (D-OMA) scheme and coordinated multi-point
(CoMP) transmission. CoMP enables the coordination among
the group of access points (APs) such that each user receives
the signals from many access points and thereby achieves the
diversity gain. Therefore, all the users experience good signal
quality including the users in the boundary of the visible region.
D-OMA allows the partial overlapping among the sub-bands of
the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) clusters to improve
the massive access under allowable interference levels. A Closed-
form expression for the bit error rate (BER) of the proposed
VLC network is derived. Also, optimal power allocation at
the VLC transmitter is applied using Karush-Kuhn Tucker
(KKT) conditions to maximize the user data rate. Numerical
results demonstrate that the proposed CoMP-based D-OMA VLC
network outperforms the existing NOMA scheme.
Index Terms—Delta-orthogonal multiple access, NOMA, VLC
and coordinated multi-point transmission.
I. I NTRODUCTION
In the future wireless networks, two things will be given
more attention among the research community that: i) how
to increase the coverage and ii) how to improve the quality-
of-service (QoS) of the cell-edge-and-center (CEC) users.
In many of the low-power wireless networks [1], such as
visible light communications (VLC) networks and narrow-
band internet of things (IoT) networks, there are several hun-
dreds of devices/nodes served by many access points (APs).
However, there is no coordination among them to provide
better QoS to all the users. In this scenario, it is necessary to
develop a new architecture for low-power wireless networks to
enhance the QoS of the each devices. In this view, initially the
network densification and distributed antenna systems (DAS)
are proposed for the cellular networks to enhance the QoS
of the CEC users [2]- [3], however in such models, inter-cell
interference and intra-cell interference are the major issues.
In other hand, the CEC users performance is improved by
the coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission [4] and it
motivated the concept of cell-free architecture.
In CoMP based wireless network, base stations(BSs)/APs
coordinates with each other such that each BS/AP know the
information of every user within the network. Further, it is
assumed that non-coherent coordination is maintained among
the BSs such that BSs does not require prior phase information
and tight synchronization [5] . Thus, CEC user will receive the
signal from the main BS/AS as well as from the neighboring
BSs/APs. In fact, CoMP transmission is well adopted for cloud
radio access network (C-RAN) [6] where a group of distributed
remote radio heads (RRHs) are coordinated themselves and
served to a single user to improve it’s signal strength.
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is the promis-
ing scheme proposed for the fifth generation (5G) wire-
less networks [7]. Particularly, the power-domain NOMA is
commonly used in many wireless networks which provides
the better spectral efficiency and the massive connectivity.
However, it has some limitations such as complexity due
to successive interference cancellation (SIC), inter-cell inter-
ference (ICI) effect and poor coverage to the CEC users.
Recently, several works have been proposed by combining
NOMA scheme with CoMP transmission. For instance, CoMP
based downlink multi-cell NOMA network is proposed to
get the strongest received signal to the cell edge users in
[8]. Similarly, the performance of the downlink NOMA is
improved using hybrid CoMP transmission [9], hence the
users are grouped into non-CoMP and CoMP users based
on the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of the
user. Further, per-user transmission rate of the multiple access
wireless network is improved using CoMP transmission in
[10]. Indeed, the uplink NOMA scheme is applied in the
cell-free wireless networks to maximize spectral efficiency by
considering per-user power control in [11]. It is noteworthy
that CoMP based NOMA model is not yet considered for
indoor wireless communications even though it plays a vital
role in many applications such as the health care sector, smart
home, transportation, and industrial applications.
VLC is another major technology proposed for indoor mo-
bile networks [12]. VLC has several benefits, particularly it has
a large unlicensed spectrum and thus provides an alternative
solution for 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM)
band [13]. Further, VLC explores the high spatial reuse char-
acteristics thus it admits higher spatial density communication.
However, practically the channel state information (CSI) of the
VLC networks is always not perfect. Hence, a hybrid RF/VLC
model is proposed to reduce the CSI errors in [14]. Especially,
white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are preferred one for the
VLC networks due to their lower power consumption, long
lifetime and fast switching rates [15].
Recently, researchers are developed several indoor wireless
communications algorithms using visible light and NOMA
Fig. 1: CoMP Based D-OMA VLC network. In this model, CoMP users receiving the signals from own LED and the neighboring
LED whereas non-CoMP user receiving the signals from its own LED.

scheme. For instance in NOMA-based VLC network, SIC-

free NOMA is achieved by adopting the different modulation
schemes [16]. Further, it reduces the error propagation in the
bit error rate (BER) performance. In the multi-cell NOMA
VLC network, dealing with interference is the challenging one
and it can be controlled by the user grouping mechanism [17].
Narrow bandwidth modulation of the LEDs limits the rate in
the VLC network and it can be improved using the NOMA
scheme [18]. Power allocation to the NOMA users ensures
the sum rate of the NOMA system [19] and in the same way
it improves the sum-rate of the NOMA based VLC networks
in [20]. Further, the BER performance of the NOMA-VLC
network is analyzed in the presence of the SIC error using
Fig. 2: Illustration of D-OMA sub bands and power allocation.
on-off keying (OOK) modulation [21].
Total band is divided into M sub-bands and in each sub-band
More recently, another massive multiple access scheme
there are K number of users are allocated. Partial overlapping
known as delta-orthogonal multiple access (D-OMA) scheme
occurred in each sub-band by an amount of δ on both sides.
[22] has been proposed for RF-based sixth generation (6G)
wireless networks. The idea behind the D-OMA scheme is
that it allows the partial overlapping of in-band NOMA
purpose, we considered only three LED transmitters as shown
clusters, thereby it increase the receiver gain and accessibility.
in Fig. 1 which are indicated as L-1, L and L+1 respectively.
Therefore by considering the accessibility issues in the VLC
Assume that the Lth LED light covers only small circular
networks, in this paper a new indoor wireless network model is
region with radius rL on the floor where NL users are
proposed using the D-OMA scheme and CoMP transmission.
distributed randomly within a visible region. In this, the D-
The main contributions of this paper are summarized as
OMA scheme is applied as multiple access (MA) scheme to
follows.
support a massive number of users simultaneously. In the D-
• Proposal of CoMP based D-OMA VLC network to
OMA scheme, the entire bandwidth W is divided into ML
enhance the performance of the massive machine type sub-bands and it can be allocated to the each LED transmitters
communication (mMTC) in the indoor environment . to serve the group of users (i.e., cluster) as in Fig. 2. Moreover,
• Derivation for optimal power allocation at VLC transmit-
the proposed VLC network is designed such that the number
ter under QoS, dimming control constraints. It ensures the of sub-bands is equal to the number of NOMA clusters.
QoS of each user within the clusters.
Within the sub-band, user’s grouping is performed accord-
• Closed-form analytical expressions for the BER of the
ing to the channel conditions thereby the sum-rate of the
proposed CoMP-based D-OMA VLC networks.
proposed network is increased. With the assumption of perfect
CSI is known at the BS (i.e., LED transmitter), user’s grouping
II. S YSTEM M ODEL is carried out by pairing the user with low channel gain
Consider a multi-cell VLC communication network in an and the user with high channel gain. In Lth LED mth L sub-
th
atto-cell environment where a set of LED transmitters are band mL ∈ {1, . . . , ML }, kL user kL ∈ {1, . . . , KmL } is
mounted on the ceiling of the room. However for the analysis denoted as UmL ,kL . Due to sub-band overlapping, mth L sub-
band is partially overlapped with left and right side sub-bands shot noise [13]. Therefore, the signal to interference plus noise
l r
by the amount of Bδm L
and Bδm L
respectively. Therefore, ratio (SINR) for decoding its own messages at UmL ,kL can be
the effective bandwidth of each sub band becomes BmL = given as
l r l r
B(1 + (δm L
+ δm L
)). Note that when δm L
= δm L
= 0, the
(ηPLED |gmL ,kL |)2 PmL ,kL

overlapped amount of sub bands is 0 and this corresponds 

to massive in-Band NOMA where partial overlapping inter- IICI,L + IPICI,L + σ 2mL ,kL




cluster interference (PICI) is neglected. The allocated power (ηPLED |gm(L−1) ,kL |)2 Pm(L−1) ,k(L−1)



of the mth sub-band kth user, UmL ,kL is denoted as PmL ,kL .

 +
IICI,(L-1) + IPICI,(L-1) + σ 2mL ,kL



The power allocation is based on the channel gains of the


for kL = 1, ..., KmL − 1 and


users and they are arranged in ascending order as hmL ,1L <



hmL ,2L < . . . , < hmL ,KL thus the allocated powers becomes
 k(L−1) = 1, ..., Km(L−1) − 1,
γm,k =
PmL ,1L > . . . , > PmL ,KL [7]. 

 (ηPLED |gmL ,kL |)2 PmL ,kL

We assume that the communication between the LED and

+


an user is carried out through a line of sight (LOS) path. Thus, IPICI,L + σ 2mL ,kL




the LOS DC channel, hmL ,kL between the LED and the kth (ηPLED |gm(L−1) ,k(L−1) |)2 Pm(L−1) ,k(L−1)




user UmL ,kL inside the atto cell is written as [13]

IPICI,(L-1) + σ 2mL ,kL





AmL ,kL 
for kL = KmL and k(L−1) = Km(L−1) ,
hmL ,kL = R0 (φmL ,kL ) T (ϕmL ,kL ) G(ϕmL ,kL )
dυmL ,kL (5)
× cos(ϕmL ,kL ), (1) where σ mL ,kL is the effective variance of AWGN noise i.e.
l r
σ mL ,kL = σmL ,kL (1 + (δm L
+ δm L
)). Users in the vicinity
for 0 ≤ ϕmL ,kL ≤ ΦmL ,kL and hmL ,kL = 0 for ϕmL ,kL > th
of the L LED suffered from the interference due to the
ΦmL ,kL , AmL ,kL is the photo-detector (PD) area, ΦmL ,kL is neighboring users in same cluster called as intra-cluster inter-
the field of view (FoV), ϕmL ,kL is the angle of incidence of ference (IICI,L ) and the interference due to the users from the
the UmL ,kL , dmL ,kL is the distance between the LED and user neighbor clusters called as IPICI,L . Similarly, the interference’s
UmL ,kL , υ is the path loss exponent, φmL ,kL is the angle of are determined for (L-1)th LED.
irradiation of the transmitter LED, T (ϕmL ,kL ) is the gain of
KmL
the optical filter and R0 (φmL ,kL ) is the Lambertian radiant X
intensity of the LED transmitter and can be expressed as mIICI,L = (ηPLED |gmL ,kL |)2 PmL ,j , (6)
j=kL +1
µ+1
R0 (φmL ,kL ) = cosµ (φmL ,kL ), (2)
2π Km(L−1)
where µ denote the order of Lambertian emission, µ = X
− ln(2)/ ln[cos(φ1/2 )], in this φ1/2 denotes the transmitter IICI,(L-1) = (ηPLED |gm(L−1) ,k(L−1) |)2 Pm(L−1) ,j ,
j=k(L−1) +1
LED semi-angle at the half power of the LED. The gain of
(7)
the optical concentrator of the PD, G(ϕmL ,kL ) is expressed
as G(ϕmL ,kL ) = ν 2 / sin2 (ΦmL ,kL ), where ν is the refractive " Km −1
L 2
index. X q q
2 l r
IPICI,L = (ηPLED |gmL ,kL |) δm L
+ δm L −1
t=1
III. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS KmL +1 #
X q q 2
A. Achievable Rates PmL −1,t + r
δm + l
δm PmL +1,y , (8)
L L +1

The transmitted optical signal from the LED can be given y=1

as
xs (t) = PLED [x(t) + IDC ], (3) IPICI,(L-1) = (ηPLED |gm(L−1) ,k(L−1) |)2
where PLED is the LED power in W/A, IDC is the added " Km(L−1) −1
X q q 2
DC bias at the BS to obtain non negative signals , i.e. l
δm + δm r Pm(L−1) −1,t
(L−1) (L−1) −1
x(t) + IDC ≥ 0 and x(t) is the transmit on-off keying (OOK) t=1
modulation symbol. Using CoMP transmission, user, UmL ,kL Km(L−1) +1
q q 2
#
receive signals from Lth and (L − 1)th LEDs. After removing
X
+ r l
δm(L−1) + δm(L−1) +1 Pm(L−1) +1,y ,
the DC bias, the received signal of user, UmL ,kL is given as y=1
(9)
yt(mL ,kL ) = ymL ,kL + ym(L−1) ,k(L−1) , (4)
| {z } | {z }
Signal from Lth LED Signal from (L-1)th LED Therefore, the lower bound achievable rates of the users can
where ymL ,kL = ηxs gmL ,kL + ωmL ,kL , η is the PD respon- be expressed as [23]
sivity in A/W , gmL ,kL is the LoS VLC channel gain and Bm L  e 
2
ωmL ,kL ∼ CN (0, σm ) is additive white Gaussian noise RmL ,kL = log2 1 + γmL ,kL , kL = 1, ..., KmL ,
L ,kL 2 2π
(AWGN) at UmL ,kL which is a combination of thermal and (10)
B. Bit Error Rates To reduce the interference, we have considered a smaller clus-
Using maximum likelihood (ML) decoding, the user, ter with two users. The allocated power for the near user and
UmL ,kL can decode its message in the presence of the in- far user can be expressed as αmL PN and (1−αmL )PN , where
terference’s and it can be written as αmL is the power allocation coefficient of the mth
L cluster and
PN is the maximum allocated power for the sub band. Also,
x̂mL ,kL = arg min|y(mL ,kL ) − ηPLED gmL ,kL PmL ,kL |2 ,
p
x εmL ,kL is the power of the data symbol and ℜmL ,kL is the
(11) QoS requirement. Moreover, IH is the maximum permissible
With the assumption of the user, UmL ,kL decodes current for eye safety and Po = PLED IH . Therefore, the
smL ,1L , ..., smL ,(k−1)L users messages successfully, SIC optimization problem becomes
residual error is neglected [21]. Further, it is assumed that the
interference’s of the Lth and (L−1)th LEDs are approximately min 2
εmL ,fL αmL PN + εmL ,nL (1 − αmL )PN + IDC
equal. Hence, the conditional error probability of the user, αmL ,IDC
UmL ,kL when the OOK symbol smL ,kL = 0 is transmitted (18a)
can be written as s.t. RmL ,nL ≥ ℜmL ,nL , RmL ,fL ≥ ℜmL ,fL , (18b)
Z ∞ p
pe|xmL ,kL =0 = N (2(IICI,L + IPICI,L ), σmL ,kL ) dy(mL ,kL ) , PN A + IDC ≤ IH , (18c)
Ps
(12) IDC = τ PLED IH , (18d)
2
Where Ps = (ηPLED |gmL ,kL |) PmL ,kL is the desired signal αmL ≥ 0, IDC ≥ 0, (18e)
power, N (µ, σm,k ) denote the mean and variance of the
Gaussian random variable y(mL ,kL ) . After integrating the Since the objective function and constraints are convex, we
probability density function (PDF) of y(mL ,kL ) , the error can apply Lagrangian’s function to find the optimal value.
probability of the user can be expressed as [21] Therefore, the problem can be expressed as
 
1
pe|smL ,kL =0 = Q (Ps − 2(IICI,L + IPICI,L )) ,
σmL ,kL L(αmL , IDC , λ1 , λ2 , λ3 , λ4 ) = Pt
(13) + λ1 (ℜmL ,nL − RmL ,nL ) + λ2 (ℜmL ,fL − RmL ,fL )
Note that for two LEDs coordination case, the degrees of p
freedom is two hence the user receiving the diversity order + λ3 (IH − PN A + IDC ) + λ4 (IDC − τ PLED IH ), (19)
of 2. Similarly, the conditional error probability of the user,
2
UmL ,kL when the OOK symbol smL ,kL = 1 is transmitted can where Pt = εmL ,nL αmL PN + εmL ,fL (1 − αmL )PN + IDC
be written as is the total power and λi , i ∈ {1, . . . , 4} are the Lagrangian
Z Ps multipliers. After differentiating and applying Karush-Kuhn
pe|smL ,kL =1 = N (Ps +2(IICI,L +IPICI,L ), σm,k ) dy(mL ,kL ) , Tucker (KKT) conditions, the optimal solutions for αmL and
−∞
(14) IDC can be obtained.
After some mathematical manipulations, it becomes
∂L ∂RmL ,fL
= (εmL ,fL − εmL ,nL )PN − λ1
 
1
pe|smL ,kL =1 = 1 − Q (−Ps − 2(IICI,L + IPICI,L )) , ∂αmL ∂αmL
σm,k ∂RmL ,nL
(15) − λ2 ≤ 0, (20a)
Using the identity 1 − Q(x) = Q(−x), the conditional error ∂αmL
probability of the user, UmL ,kL can be further simplified as ∂L
= 2IDC + λ3 + λ4 ≤ 0, (20b)
  ∂IDC
1
pe|smL ,kL =1 = Q (Ps + 2(IICI,L + IPICI,L )) , (16) ∂L
σm,k = ℜmL ,fL − RmL ,fL ≥ 0, (20c)
∂λ∗1
IV. T RANSMISSION P OWER M INIMIZATION ∂L
= ℜmL ,nL − RmL ,nL ≥ 0, (20d)
In this Section, optimization of the Lth LED power is ∂λ∗2
analyzed under QoS requirements and dimming control. The ∂L p
average optical power of LED is Poavg = IDC = τ Po , where ∗ = IH − PN A + IDC ≥ 0, (20e)
∂λ3
τ is the dimming level and Po is the transmit optical power. ∂L
Thus, the optimization problem can be formulated as [20] = IDC − τ PLED IH ≥ 0, (20f)
∂λ∗4
KmL
X
2
min εmL ,kL PmL ,kL + IDC (17a) The optimal solutions for αmL and IDC are
PmL ,kL ,IDC
kL =1
s.t. RmL ,kL ≥ ℜmL ,kL , ∀k = 1, ..., KmL , (17b) ∗ (2X1 − 1) Π2 ∆2 X1
αm = , (21)
L
(2X2 − 1) Π1 ∆2 X2
p
PmL ,kL A + IDC ≤ IH , ∀k = 1, ..., Km ,
(17c)
and
IDC = τ Po , (17d) √
∗ τ PLED PN A
PmL ,kL ≥ 0, IDC ≥ 0, (17e) IDC = , (22)
1 + τ PLED
 10 0 10 0
Analytical Far User NOMA
Simulation Far User NOMA
Analytical Near User NOMA
Simulation Near User NOMA
10 -1 Analytical Far User CoMP D-OMA 10 -1
Simulation Far User CoMP D-OMA
Analytical Near User CoMP D-OMA
Simulation Near User CoMP D-OMA
Bit Error Rate

Bit Error Rate

-2 Analytical Far User OMA -2
10 Simulation Far User OMA 10
Analytical D-OMA, AOI =50 °
Analytical Near User OMA
Simulation Nearr User OMA Simulation D-OMA, AOI =50 °
Analytical D-OMA, AOI=60°
10 -3 10 -3 Simulation D-OMA, AOI =60 °
Analytical D-OMA, AOI =70 °
Simulation D-OMA, AOI =70 °
Analytical D-OMA, AOI =80 °
-4 -4
10 10 Simulation D-OMA, AOI =80 °

10 -5 10 -5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
SNR (dB) SNR (dB)

Fig. 3: Comparison of BER performance with various multiple Fig. 4: BER performance of the D-OMA-VLC network for the
access techniques. various IP ICI values.

respectively. Where, 10 0
D-OMA, Far User, FOV=50°
2 2 D-OMA, Near User, FOV=50°
Π1 = (ηPLED |gmL ,f |) PN , Π2 = (ηPLED |gmL ,n |) PN , D-OMA, Far User, FOV=40°
q q 2 q q 2 10 -1 D-OMA, Near User, FOV=40°
∆1 = l
δm + δ r ∆ = δ r + δ l ,
L mL −1 2 mL mL +1
2ℜmL ,n 2ℜmL ,f Bit Error Rate
10 -2

X1 = 2 BmL X2 = 2 BmL . (23)

10 -3

V. R ESULTS AND D ISCUSSION

10 -4
In this section, the BER and energy efficiency of the
proposed CoMP-based D-OMA VLC network are analyzed.
Since we are analyzing in visible light medium, in all the 10 -5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
simulations, the DC channel gain and OOK modulation are PD area (A) 10 -3
used. The simulation parameters are listed in the Table. I.
Fig. 5: BER performance of the D-OMA VLC network for
TABLE I: Simulation Parameters the various PD areas.

S.No. Parameters Symbol Value

Distance between the NU Similarly, the BER performance of the proposed CoMP-based
1. d1 1 m, 2 m and 3 m
and the BS
Distance between the FU D-OMA VLC network is shown in Fig. 4 for a various angle
2. d2 4 m, 6 m and 8 m of irradiance (AoI) values. In this simulation, IPICI value is
and the BS
3. Path loss exponent υ 2 fixed to -10 dB. Simulation results are plotted to validate the
4. Optical detection area A 0.01
5. FOV ϕc 60◦
analytical curves. For the target BER of 10−3 , D-OMA far user
6. LED semi-angle ϕ1/2 40◦ , 60◦ need 18 dB SNR at 60◦ AoI whereas the same user require
7. Angle of irradiance φ1 , φ2 40◦ , 30◦ 24 dB SNR at 70◦ AoI. It is evident the impact of AoI in the
8. Angle of incidence ϕ1 , ϕ 2 35◦ , 45◦ proposed VLC-based indoor communication.
9. LED power PLED 20 W/A
10. PD responsitivity η 0.4 A/W Fig.5 shows the BER performance of the proposed CoMP-
11. Refractive index ν 1.5 based D-OMA VLC network for various PD areas, A. In this
12.
∗ BS
Gain of the optical filter T (ϕi ) 1 simulation, SNR is fixed at 30dB and IPICI = −10dB . From
- base station, NU - near user, FU - far user
this figure, it is clear that the PD area and the FOV parameters
significantly affect the performance of the VLC networks.
Fig.3 shows the BER performance of the proposed CoMP- For the target BER of 10−3 , near user need 4.5 × 10−3 PD
based D-OMA VLC network. In this simulation, the value of area whereas far user need 5 × 10−3 at FOV 40◦ . Also, it is
IICI,L is 0 dB and the value of IPICI,L is −10 dB. Assuming that noted that when increasing the FOV from 40◦ to 50◦ , BER
the near users perform perfect SIC operation, the SIC residual performance becomes worse in this proposed D-OMA VLC
error is neglected. For the target BER of 10−3 , NOMA far network.
user with single-point transmission need 14 dB SNR, whereas A comparison of the energy efficiency of the COMP-
D-OMA with multi-point transmission need only 11 dB SNR based D-OMA VLC network with fixed power allocation is
that, is 3 dB SNR gain is achieved by CoMP transmission. shown in Fig. 6 for the various DC bias current. In this

90
80
Energy efficiency (bits/Joules)
70
60
50 Optimized Power Allocation, IDC = 1 A
Optimized Power Allocation, IDC = 2 A
40 Fixed Power Allocation, IDC = 1 A
Fixed Power Allocation, IDC = 2 A
30
20
10
0 5 10 15 20
P N (W)
Fig. 6: Energy efficiency versus the allocated power of the
COMP based D-OMA VLC network for the various DC bias
current.
comparison, allocated power PN varied from 0 to 40 W.
Figure clearly shows that the system’s energy efficiency is
improved with optimized power allocation compared to fixed
power allocation. Also, it is noted that the increment of DC
bias reduces the system’s energy efficiency. Moreover, even
though the optimization algorithm increases the complexity, it
significantly improves the system’s performance.
VI. C ONCLUSION
A CoMP-based D-OMA VLC network is proposed to en-
hance QoS of the CEC users and to improve the massive access
in the indoor wireless networks, in fact, it is one of the major
requirements of the 6G wireless networks. This proposed VLC
network virtually achieves spatial diversity gain using CoMP
transmission. Optimal power allocation at the LED transmitter
is performed to enhance the energy efficiency of the proposed
VLC network. Further, BER performance of the proposed
VLC network is analyzed using OOK modulation and it
is compared with the existing NOMA scheme. Numerical
results concluded that the proposed D-OMA VLC network’s
performance is significantly improved compared to the existing
NOMA scheme. Joint consideration of power optimization and
low complexity receiver design for NOMA using machine
learning can be considered in the future research efforts.
ACKNOWLEDEGMENT
This work was funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e
a Tecnologia, Portugal under Grant No.: UIDB/04111/2020
(COPELABS).
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