Phan urng dang: M + nH^ > M"* + - H2 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O -> 4Fe(OH)3

(mol) 0,2c 0,2c

^ n ^ , = 2n^^ = 2 X ^ = 0,5 (mol) ^a=l
2Fe(OH)3 -> FesOs + 3H2O
Ap dung dinh luat bao toan khS'i liicfng, ta c6: (mol) 0,2c 0,1c
rtlmiioi — m^im loai pU + mgxit ~ ^^112 mchatran - (0,2a X 81) + (0,2b x 40) + (0,1c x 160) = 0,562 (gam)
= 8,3 + 98 X 0,1 + 36,5 x 0,3 - 0,25 x 2 = 28,55 (gam) Theo de bai, ta c6 he phi/omg t r i n h :

/
01
C d c ^ 2: m„uo-i= m i d m i o a i p u + mg&,Txit = 8,3 + 96.0,1 + 35,5.0,3 = 28,55 (gam). 65a + 24b + 56c = 1,97 fa = 0,01

oc
Bai 17. Goi so mol Zn, M g , Fe c6 trong hon hop la a, b, c ^a + b + c = 0,045 = > J b = 0,02

iH
Thi nghi^m 1: 16,2a + 8b + 16c = 0,562 [c = 0,015

Da
Zn + 2HC1 -> ZnCla + Hat (D
Vay: mz„ - 0,01 x 65 = 0,65 (gam).

hi
(mol) a 2a a a
Bai 18. K h i them dung dich C U S O 4 , Zn tac dung tao t h a n h Cu. N h i / vay

nT
M g + 2HC1 > MgCla + Hgt (2) xuat hien cap Zn - Cu va cung nhung trong dung dich H C l , hoi du

uO
(mol) b 2b b b

ie
dieu k i e n de xay ra an mon dien hoa, Zn la ctic am, bi Sn mon nhanh.
Fe + 2HC1 > FeCl2 + Hat (3)

iL
Bai 19.
(mol) c 2c c c

Ta
a) Cu + Fe2(S04)3
Cu — > C U S O 4 + 2FeS04

s/
TCf (1), (2) va (3) =^ n,,^ = a + b + c = = 0,045 (mol) (*)
Cu + 2Fe^" > Cu'" + 2Fe'"

up
ro
Thi nghifm 2: Fe + C U S O 4 — Cu + FeS04

/g
ZnCla + 2NaOH > Zn(0H)2 + 2NaCl (4)
Fe + Cu2+ -> Fe'" + Cu
om
(mol) na 2na na 2na
b) So sanh: Fe c6 t i n h khijf manh horn Cu; Fe^" c6 t i n h oxi hoa manh
.c

MgCl2 + 2NaOH > Mg(0H)2 + 2NaCl (5) hcfn Cu'"; Cu'" c6 t i n h oxi hoa manh hcfn Fe'".
ok

(mol) nb 2nb nb
Bai 20. Cha ndi cua hai k i m loai A l - Cu trong tii nhien c6 du dieu kien
bo

FeCla + 2NaOH > Fe(0H)2 + 2NaCl (6) h i n h t h a n h h i e n tifcfng Sn mon dien hoa. A l la cite am b i an mon
ce

(mol) nc 2nc nc
fa

nhanh. Day b i duft.

w.

Tii (4), (5) vk (6) => nNaOH = 2na + 2nb + 2nc = 0,3 x 0,06 = 0,018
Ket luan: khong nen ndi bang nhuTng k i m loai khac nhau, nen ndi
hay 2n(a + b + c) = 0,018 (**)
ww

bang doan day Cu.

Lay phifofng t r i n h (**) chia cho phifang t r i n h (*), ta c6:
B a i 21.
2n(a + b + c) 0,018
= 0,4 =^ n = 0,2 a) Scf do dien phan dung dich AgNOa, dien cxic graphit:
a + b + c 0,045
Thi nghiem 3: Ciic am < dung dich AgNOs — — > Cifc di/orng
Ag", H2O N O 3 , H2O
Zn(0H)2 ^—> ZnO + HgO
(mol) 0,2a 0,2a Ag" + e Ag 2H2O -> 4 H " + O2 + 4e
Phtfcfng t r i n h hoa hoc cua sif dien phan:
Mg(0H)2 ^—> MgC
dien phan dung dich ^ ^ ^ 4HNO3
(mol) 0,2b 0,2b 4AgN03 + 2H2O
Bfil tlKftwR HAS Hnn •%•> 121
 C. BAI TAP NANG CAO
b) Kho'i iLfcrng A g di^u che' duac: mA. = i^i^iMil^SS pai !• chay ho^n toan 33,4 gam h6n hcfp B i gom bot cac k i m loai A l ,
96500 x 1 ^,'ooigam) Fe, Cu, ngoai khong k h i thu dtfcfc 41,4 gam h5n hop B 2 gom 3 oxit. Cho
c) The t i c h k h i (dktc) thu di/gc d anot:
to^n b6 h 6 n hcfp B 2 thu di/Oc t^c dung ho^n to^n v d i dung dich H2SO4
no = yHAg = -^7^^^-^ = 0,00177 (mol) 20% c6 k h o i iLfgrng rieng d = 1,14 gam/mol. T i n h the tich to'i thieu cua
^ 4 108 X 4
dung dich H2SO4 20% de hoa tan hon hop 6 2 . ^
= 22,4 X 0,00177 = 0,0396 (lit) = 39,6 (ml)
pai 2. Khuf hoan t o a n 4,06 gam m o t oxit k i m loai bkpig CO d n h i g t d6
lai 22. a) Cac phifang t r i n h hoa hoc xay ra:

/
cao t h ^ n h k i m l o a i . DSn toan bo k h i sinh r a vao b i n h diTng dung

01
4AgN03 + 2H2O '^'^"P'^^" > 4Ag + O2 + 4HNO3 (1) dich Ca(0H)2 da, tha,y tao t h a n h 7 gam k e t tua. N e u l a y lifgng k i m

oc
AgNOs + NaCl > A g C l ^ + NaNOg (2) loai s i n h r a hoa t a n h e t vao dung dich H C l d\i t h i t h u dtfcfc 1,176 l i t

iH
b) Circ^ng do dong dien: I = 96500 x 1 x 0,432 ^ ^9 (A) k h i H 2 (dktc).

Da
108 X 15 X 60 a) Xdc d i n h cong thiifc oxit k i m loai

hi
c) K h o i iLfong AgNOg

nT
b) Cho 4,06 gam oxit k i m loai t r e n tac dung hoan to^n vdi 500 m l dung

uO
LLfgrng A g sinh r a sau dien phan: nAg = = 0,004 (mol) dich H2SO4 dac, nong (dif) dtrgc dung dich X va c6 k h i SO2 bay ra. Hay

ie
108 xdc d i n h nong do (mol) cua muo'i trong dung dich X. (Coi the tich dung
0 4 X 2^1

iL
LLfgrng NaCl t h a m gia (2): nNaci = '^^^^ = 0,01 (mol) dich khong doi trong qua t r i n h phan ufng).

Ta
Bai 3. T r 6 n 11 gam bot A l , Fe vdi 3,2 gam bot Itfu huynh thu difcfc h6n hop
Li/gng AgNOg t h a m gia (2): n^^^^ = = 0,01 (mol)

s/
nNaci
X. Nung X trong jbinh k i n khong c6 khong k h i , sau mot thcfi gian thu

up
K h d i li/gng AgNOg c6 trong dung dich ban dau:
dugrc hon hcfp A. H 6 a t a n ho&n toan A bang lifong dtf dung dich H2SO4

ro
mAgN03 =170(0,004 + 0,01) = 2,38 (gam)
dac, nong thay thodt r a 16,8 l i t SO2 (sdn phdm khd duy nhdt, dktc).

/g
ai 23. a) K h o i iLfOng A g thu di/gc sau dien phan: Phan t r a m k h o i Itfong cua Al. va Fe trong 11 gam h6n hgp Ian \k
om
108 X 0,402 X 4 X 60 X 60 ^ , A. 49,09% va 50,91% B . 50,91% va 49,09%
.c

mAg = — — = 6,48 (gam)

ok

96500 X 1 C . 33,33% va 66,67% D . 66,67% va 33,33%

bo

=^ ^Ag = = 0,06 (mol) B^i 4. Dot 40,6 gam mot hgp k i m gom A l va Zn trong b i n h difng k h i clo
iOo
ce

b) Nong do mdi cac chat sau diSn phan: thu diforc 65,45 gam h6n hop r d n . Cho hon hop r a n nay t a n het vao
fa

LiTgfng AgNOg c6 trong dung dich triTdc dien phan: dung dich H C l t h i t h u dugc V l i t H 2 (dktc). DSn V l i t nay di qua dng
w.

0,4 X 200 difng 80 gam CuO nung nong. Sau mot t h d i gian thay trong dng con l a i
ww

nAgN03 = = 0,08 (mol)

1000 72,32 gam chat r a n va chi c6 80% k h i H 2 tham gia phan ufng. Phan
Phtfong t r i n h hoa hoc cua sir dien phan: t r a m kho'i lifgng cua A l trong h5n hop la:
4AgN03 + 2H2O P ^ ^ " > 4Ag + O2 + 4HNO3 A . 19,95% B . 80,05% C. 29,92% D . 70,08%
Ta c6: n^^^ = nAg = n^^^^ = 0,06 (mol) 5. Cho 3,25 gam hdn hop X gom 1 k i m loai k i e m M va mot k i m loai M'

So' mol AgN03 con du sau dien phan:
Nong d5 mol cAc chsft trong dung dich sau dien phan:
^ 1000 x 0,02
nAgNOj = 0,08-0,06 = 0,02 (mol) (hoa t r i H ) hba tar^ hoan toan vao mfdc tao t h a n h dung dich D va
1,008 l i t H2(dktc). Chia D lam 2 phan bkng nhau:
P h i n 1: Dem c6 can t h u difoc 2,03 gam cha't r i n A.
^ 1000 X 0,06
Ph4n 2: Cho tac dung vdi 100 m l dung dich H C l 0,35M tao r a ket tua B .
Bdl DUSNG HdA HOC 12 HOA HOC 12 ' 123
 a) T i m khoi luong nguyen tijf ciia M va M ' . T i n h so' gam moi k i m loai 11. H6a tan 47,6 gam h6n hop A gom Fe304, Cu vko 1 l i t dung dich
H2SO4 (loang, da) thu dagc dung dich B v& m gam chat v&n C. Nho
trong hon hop X ban dau.
dung dich NaNOa t d i da vao dung dich B ket thuc phan ang thu dagc
b ) T i n h k h d i liicfng ket tiia B. Biet hieu suat cac phan ufng la 100%.
3,36 l i t k h i NO (dktc).
3ai 6. De phan ufng het a mol k i m loai M can 1,25a mol H2SO4 va sinh ra a) T i n h gia t r i cua m.
k h i X (san pham khijf duy nhat). Hoa tan het 19,2 gam k i m loai M vao b) T i n h tlie tich ciia dung dich N H 3 0,5M can dung de ket tiia het cac
dung dich H2SO4 tao ra 4,48 l i t k h i X (san pham khuf duy nhat, dktc) ion k i m loai trong dung dich B.
K i m loai M la Bai 12. Cho 9,6 gam Cu vao 100 m l dung dich chaa dong t h d i hai muoi

/
NaNOa I M va Ba(N03)2 I M , khong thay hien tagng gi, cho them vao

01
A . Cu B . Mg. C . Al. D . Fe.
500 m l dung dich H C l 2 M thay thoat ra V l i t (dktc) k h i NO duy nhat.

oc
3ai 7. H6n hop A gom Ba va A l . Cho m gam A tac dung v d i ntfdrc da, thu

iH
Hay t i n h V?
dagc 1,344 l i t k h i , dung dich B va phan khong tan C. Cho 2m gam A

Da
Bai 13.
tac dung vori dung dich Ba(0H)2 d a thu dagc 20,832 l i t k h i . C^c phan

hi
a) Hoa tan m gam hOn hgp A gom Fe va k i m loai M ( M c6 hoa t r i
ang xay ra hoan toan, cac the tich k h i do d dktc.

nT
khong doi) trong dung dich H C l da t h i thu dagc 1,008 l i t k h i (dktc) va

uO
a) T i n h khoi laong tifng k i m loai trong m gam A. dung dich chaa 4,575 gam muoi khan. T i n h m.

ie
b) Cho 50 m l dung dich HCl vao dung dich B. Sau k h i phan ijfng xong b) Hoa tan het ciing lagng hOn hgp A ( 0 phan 1) trong dung dich chaa

iL
thu dagc 0,78 gam ket tua. Xac dinh nong do mol cua dung dich H C l . ]i6n hgp H N O 3 va H2SO4 of nhiet do thich hgp t h i thu dagc 1,8816 l i t

Ta
hon hgp hai k h i (dktc) c6 t i khoi so vgi k h i H2 la 25,25. Xac dinh ten
Bai 8. Chia 39,9 gam hon hop X d dang bgt gom Na, A l va Fe thanh 3

s/
k i m loai M .

up
phan bang nhau.
Bai 14. Hoa tan het m gam hon hgp Fe, Cu vao 99 gam dung dich H2SO4

ro
Phan 1: Cho t^c dung vgi niidc lay da, giai phong ra 4,48 l i t k h i (dktc)
dac, nong. Ket thiic phan ang thu dagc dung dich X va 10,08 l i t SO2
k h i Hg.
/g {sail pham khii duy nhat, dktc). Cho dung dich X tac dung vdi NaOH
om
Phan 2: Cho tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH d a , giai phong ra 7,84 lit da, ket tua thu dagc dem nung trong khong k h i den kho'i lagng khong
.c

doi con l a i 28 gam chat rSn.

ok

(dktc) k h i H2. H6a tan hoan toan phan 3 trong dung dich H C l da, thay
bo

giai phong ra V l i t H2 (dktc). GiA t r i cua V 1^: a) T i n h phan t r a m k h o i lagng mOi k i m loai trong h6n hgp ban dau.
ce

b) T i n h nong do phan t r a m ban dau ciia dung dich H2SO4 dac, nong.
A . 4,48 B . 7,84 C . 10,08 D . 12,32.
fa

Biet H2SO4 da lay da 10% so vdi lagng can thiet.

Bai 9. Cho 13,5 gam bgt A l tan het v^o 1000 m l dung dich H C l 2 M , thu
w.

c) T i n h nong do phan t r a m ciia cac chat trong X.

ww

dagc dung dich X. Dung dich nay tac dung vofi V l i t dung dich NaOH 2M
^ai 15. Hoa tan hoan toan 16,5 gam hon hgp A l va Fe trong dung dich
dagc 23,4 gam A1(0H)3. T i n h gia t r i cua V.
H2SO4 loang, thu dagc 13,44 l i t H2 (dktc). Neu hoa tan het 11 gam hon
Bai 10. Hoa t a n m gam hon hop Cu, Fe304 trong 150 m l dung dich H C l i M , h'.fp nay trong dung dich H2SO4 dac, nong. T i n h the tich k h i SO2 (dktc)
ket t h u c p h a n a n g thu dagc dung dich X va 1 gam chat r d n khong tan thoat ra (gia suf SO2 la san pham khuf duy nhat)?
Y. Cho 50 m l dung dich NaNOa I M v^o dung dich X, ke't thuc phan ufng 16. Hoa tan het 10,2 gam hon hgp X gom A l , M g trong dung dich
thu dagc dung dich Z, (lam quy t i m hoa do) va 0,224 l i t k h i N O (san ^kSOi dac, nong. Ket thuc phan ufng thu dagc 4,48 l i t (dktc) hSn hgp
Jiai k h i H2S va SO2, c6 t i le the tich 1 : 1. T i n h t h a n h phan phan t r a m
pham khuf duy nhat, dktc). T i n h nong do mol cua ion H"^ trong dung
theo khdi lagng ciia A l trong X.
dich Z va gi^ t r i cua m.
"^""^SNG HOA HOC 12 125
Bdl DlidNG HOA HOC 12
a i 17. T i e n h ^ n h h a i t h i n g h i e m sau:
T h i n g h i e m 1 : C h o 4 g a m b o t Cu t a c d u n g v d i 100 m l d u n g dich
H N O 3 0 , 2 M k h i p h a n ijfng k e t thuc da t h u duac V i l i t (dktc) N O duy nha't.
T h i n g h i e m 2: Cho 4 g a m b o t Cu tac d u n g vdri 100 m l d u n g d i c h h6n
h o p H N O 3 0 , 2 M v a H 2 S O 4 0 , 2 M , k h i p h a n ufng k e t t h u c t h u dMc
k h i ( d k t c ) N O duy n h a t .
a ) H a y v i e t p h u o n g t r i n h p h a n ufng x a y r a diidi d a n g i o n r u t gon.
b ) So sAnh cAc t h e t i c h k h i N O t r o n g h a i t h i n g h i e m t r e n .
c ) N u n g n o n g 27,3 g a m h 6 n h o p g o m NaNOa v a Cu(N03)2 d e n p h a n ufng
hoan toan. H6n hop k h i thoat ra diigc dan vao 89,2 ml nude
(D = 1,0 g / m l ) t h i con d a 1,12 l i t k h i ( d k t c ) k h o n g b i h a p t h u (oxi coi
n h i f k h o n g t a n t r o n g ruidc). B i e t r ^ n g cac p h a n ufng x a y r a h o ^ n t o ^ n .
a ) T i n h k h d i l u g n g m 8 i muo'i t r o n g h 5 n h o p dau.
P) T i n h n o n g do p h a n t r S m cua d u n g d i c h s a n p h a m t h u ducrc.
a i 18. H o a t a n h e t 7,74 g a m h o n h o p h a i k i m l o a i M g v a A I b a n g 500 m l
d u n g d i c h h 8 n h o p chufa a x i t H C l I M v a H2SO4 0 , 2 8 M ( l o a n g ) t h u di/oc
d u n g d i c h A v ^ 8,736 l i t k h i H2 (d 273 K v a 1 a t m ) , cho r k n g cAc axit
p h a n ufng d o n g t h d i vdri h a i k i m l o a i .
a ) T i n h t o n g k h d i l i f o n g muo'i t a o t h a n h sau p h a n ufng.
b ) Cho d u n g d i c h A p h a n ufng v d i V l i t d u n g d i c h h 5 n h o p g o m N a O H
I M v a B a ( 0 H ) 2 . T i n h t h e t i c h V can d u n g de p h a n ufng t h u dagc li/gng
/g
k e t t u a I d n n h a t , t i n h lu'gng k e t t i i a do. om
a i 19. N h u n g t h a n h sat n a n g 100 g a m vao 500 m l d u n g d i c h h o n hop
.c
CUSO4 0 , 0 8 M v a Ag2S04 0,004M. G i a suf t a t ca Cu, A g t h o a t r a deu bam
ok
vao t h a n h sat. Sau m o t t h d i g i a n l a y t h a n h sat can l a i duoc 100,48 gam.
bo
a ) T i n h k h d i l i f o n g c h a t r a n A t h o a t r a b a m l§n t h a n h s d t .
ce
b ) H o a t a n cha't r a n A b a n g d u n g d i c h HNO3 dac. H o i c6 bao n h i e u l i t
fa
k h i m a u n a u t h o a t r a (do d 27°C v a 1 a t m ) ?
w.
c ) Cho t o a n bo t h e t i c h k h i m a u n a u d t r e n h a p t h u vao 500 m l N a O H
ww
0 , 2 M . T i n h n o n g do m o l ciia cac cha't sau p h a n ufng. G i a suf t h e t i c h
trong dung dich k h o n g thay ddi.
a i 20. Cho a g a m b o t sat vao 200 m l d u n g d i c h X g o m h o n hotp h a i mudi
l a A g N O a y a Cu(N03)2 k h i p h a n ufng x o n g t h u difofc 3,44 g a m c h a t rin B
v a d u n g d i c h C. T a c h B r o i cho d u n g d i c h C tac d u n g v d i N a O H dii diidc
3,68 g a m k e t t u a h a i h i d r o x i t k i m l o a i . N u n g k e t t u a t r o n g k h o n g k h i
d e n khd^i liJgng k h o n g d d i di/cfc 3,2 g a m c h a t r a n .
a ) Xac d i n h a.
b ) T i n h n o n g do m o l cua cac c h a t t r o n g d u n g d i c h X.
ndi oadNG HOA HOC 12
pai 21- Cho h § n h o p M g v a Cu tdc d u n g v 6 i 200 m l d u n g d i c h chufa h 5 n
h g p h a i m u d i A g N O s 0 , 3 M v a Cu(N03)2 0 , 2 5 M . Sau k h i p h a n ufng x o n g
t h u dMc d u n g d i c h A v a c h a t r a n B . Cho A tac d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h
N a O H d i i , loc k e t t u a d e m n u n g d e n k h d i lufong k h o n g d d i dufgc 3,6 g a m
lit h o n h o p h a i o x i t . H o a t a n h o a n t o a n B t r o n g d u n g d i c h H2SO4 dac,
n o n g ddgc 2,016 l i t k h i SO2 (d dieu kien tieu chudn). T i n h khd^i lUcfng
M g v a C u t r o n g h o n h o p b a n dau.
p^i 22. Cho 4,15 g a m h 6 n h o p h o t Fe v a A I tac d u n g vdri 200 m l d u n g d i c h
/
CUSO4 0 , 5 2 5 M . Khua'y k y h o n h o p de cac p h a n ufng x a y r a h o a n t o a n .
01
D e m loc dU'Oc k e t t u a A g o m h a i k i m l o a i c6 k h d i l i / o n g l a 7,84 g a m v a
oc
dung d i c h ntfdc loc B .
iH
a) De h o a t a n k e t t u a A c a n d u n g i t n h a t bao n h i e u m l d u n g d i c h HNO3
Da
2 M , b i e t r k n g p h a n ufng g i a i p h o n g r a k h i NO?
hi
nT
b) T h e m d u n g d i c h h o n h o p B a ( 0 H ) 2 0 , 0 5 M + N a O H 0 , 1 M vao dung
uO
d i c h B . h o i c a n bao n h i e u m l h d n h o p d u n g d i c h d6 de k e t t i i a h o a n
ie
t o a n h a i h i d r o x i t cua k i m l o a i . Sau do n e u d e m Ipc k e t t u a n u n g no
iL
t r o n g k h o n g k h i d n h i e t do cao t d i k h i cac h i d r o x i t b i n h i e t p h a n t h i
Ta
t h u difcfc bao n h i e u g a m c h a t r a n ?
s/
Bai 23. Cho 0,774 g a m h o n h o p Z n v a Cu vao 500 m l d u n g d i c h A g N 0 3
up
0 , 0 4 M . Sau k h i p h a n ufng x a y r a h o a n t o a n t h u dirge cha't r ^ n X n a n g
ro
2,2915 g a m . K h d i lufgng cua Z n t r o n g h 6 n h g p b a n dau l a
A . 0,1625 g a m B . 0,6115 g a m C. 0,325 g a m . D . 0,4875 g a m
Bai 24. H o a t a n 5,64 g a m Cu(N03)2 v a 1,7 g a m A g N O s vao nufdc t h u dJgc
101,43 d u n g d i c h A . Cho 1,57 g a m h o t k i m l o a i g o m A I v a Z n vao dung
d i c h A r o i khua'y deu. Sau k h i p h a n ufng x a y r a h o a n t o a n , t h u dirge
p h a n r a n B v a d u n g d i c h D c h i chufa h a i m u d i . N g a m B t r o n g d u n g d i c h
H2SO4 l o a n g k h o n g tha'y c6 k h i t h o a t r a .
a) V i e t p h i r o n g t r i n h hoa hoc cua cac p h a n ufng x a y r a .
b) T i n h n o n g do p h a n t r a m ciia m 6 i m u d i t r o n g d u n g d i c h A .
^ a i 25. Cho h 5 n h g p X ( d a n g b o t ) g o m 0,1 m o l A I v a 0,25 m o l Fe tac d u n g
h d t vdfi 400 m l d u n g d i c h h d n h g p Cu(N03)2 0 , 5 M v a A g N 0 3 1,25M. k e t
t h u c p h a n ufng. Loc t a c h k e t t u a , cho niTdc Igc tac d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h
N a O H dir, t h u dirge m g a m k e t t u a . H a y t i n h gia t r i cua m?
26. H 6 a t a n 3,38 g a m h d n h g p m u d i cacbonat v a h i d r o c a c b o n a t ciia m o t
k i m l o a i k i e m M t h u dirge d u n g d i c h X. T h e m vao d u n g d i c h X mot
li^gng H C l dir tha'y g i a i p h o n g r a 0,672 l i t k h i ( d k t c ) . Xac d i n h k i m l o a i
M va sd m o l m u d i a x i t t r o n g h 6 n hgp ban dau.
itii;HOAH0C12 127
 a) V i e t cac p h u o n g t r i n h h o a hoc ciia p h a n ufng t r o n g cac t h i n g h i S m t r e n .
a i 2 7 . H o n hcfp A c6 Icho'i iLfgng 8,14 g a m g o m CuO, AI2O3 m o t o x i t s^t
Cho H2 d U q u a A n u n g n o n g sau kiai p l i a n uTng x o n g t h u dugc 1,44 gai^ b ) T i n h k h o i l a g n g cua h o n h g p cac k i m l o a i b a n d a u .

H2O. H o a t a n h o a n t o a n A c a n 170 m l d u n g d i c h H 2 S O 4 l o a n g I M , dirac c ) T i n h t h a n h p h a n p h a n t r a m t h e o k h o i l u g n g cua m o i l o a i k i m l o a i

d u n g d i c h B . C h o B t a c d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h N a O H d u , loc l a y k e t t u ^ t r o n g h o n hgp.
dem nung nong trong khong k h i den khoi lugng khong d d i duoc d ) T i n h t i le giiJa so n g u y e n tijf N i v a so n g u y e n tuf Cu t r o n g h o n h g p .
5,2 g a m c h a t r S n . XAc d i n h cong thufc ciia o x i t sAt vk t i n h k h o i lifgng '?4. H o a t a n 0 , 1 m o l m d i k i m l o a i M g v a Fe t r o n g 4 5 0 m l d u n g d i c h
c u a tCrng o x i t t r o n g A . A g N O s I M , k e t t h i i c p h a n ufng t h u diigc d u n g d i c h X - v a m g a m c h a t r a n
a i 28. Cho 24,3 g a m h o t A I vao 225 m l d u n g d i c h h o n h o p (NaNOa I M + Y . T i n h g i a t r i ciia m .

/
N a O H 3 M ) k h u a y deu cho d e n k h i ngCfng k h i t h o a t r a t h i diing l a i . T i n h B^i 35. H o a t a n 8,1 g a m m o t k i m l o a i M b a n g d u n g d i c h H N O 3 ( l o a n g ) t h a y

01
the tich k h i thoat ra a dktc. t h o a t r a 6,72 l i t N O duy n h a t ( d k t c ) .

oc
a i 29. H o a t a n h o a n t o a n 4 0 g a m h 6 n h g p X g o m m o t so k i m l o a i t r o n g

iH
a ) Xac d i n h t e n k i m l o a i M .
d u n g d j c h H N O 3 , k e t t h u c p h a n ufng t h u diicfc 0,15 m o l NO2, 0 , 1 m o l NO

Da
b) H o a t a n 10,8 g a m k i m l o a i M d t r e n b a n g m o t l i i g n g vi^a d i i d u n g
v a 0,05 m o l N2O v a d u n g d i c h X. B i e t k h o n g c6 p h a n ufng tao muoi

hi
d i c h H C l , t h u difgc d u n g d i c h A . Cho d u n g d i c h A tac d u n g v d i 6,9 g a m
NH4NO3. Tinh:

nT
N a ( N a t a n h e t ) . T i n h k h o i l i f g n g k e t t i i a t h u diigc.
a ) K h o i i L f g n g m u o i t h u diioc s a u k h i c6 c a n d u n g d i c h X.

uO
Bai 36. H o a t a n 15,5 g a m h 6 n h g p A g o m h o t A I , M g , Fe vao 1 l i t d u n g

ie
b ) So m o l H N O 3 da p h a n ufng.
d i c h H N O 3 l o a n g , dif t h u d a g c 8,96 l i t k h i N O (duy n h a t ) d d k t c . N e u

iL
a i 30. H o a t a n h o a n t o a n 1,97 g a m h o n h g p Z n , M g , Fe t r o n g m o t li/gng
hba t a n 0,05 m o l h o n h g p A b a n g d u n g d i c h H 2 S O 4 l o a n g , dif t h i t h u

Ta
VLfa du d u n g d i c h H C l , t h u diigc 1,008 l i t k h i (or d k t c ) v a d u n g d i c h A.
dirge d i c h C. T h e m m o t l u g n g diT N a O H vao d u n g d i c h C t h u duge k e t

s/
C h i a d u n g d i c h A t h a n h 2 p h a n k h o n g deu n h a u .
t i i a D . Loc l a y k e t t i i a D n u n g t r o n g k h o n g k h i g n h i e t do cao d e n k h i

up
Phan 1: Cho k e t t u a h o a n t o a n v6i m o t l i / g n g vCra d i i d u n g d i c h N a O H
CO k h o i l i r g n g k h o n g d d i t h u dirge 2 g a m cha't r ^ n E.

ro
0,06 M t h i c a n 300 m l . K e t t i i a d e m r\ia sach, n u n g d e n k h o i Itfgng
T i n h khd^i l i r g n g ciia eae k i m l o a i t r o n g 15,5 g a m h o n h g p b a n dau.

/g
k h o n g d d i t h i t h u dirge 0,562 g a m c h a t r ^ n . om
Bai 37. Cho 12,88 g a m h d n h g p M g v a Fe vao 700 m l d u n g d i c h AgNOg.
Phan 2: Cho p h a n ufng vdri N a O H dtf r o i t i e n h a n h n h i i p h a n 1 t h i thu
.c

Sau k h i cae p h a n ufng x a y r a h o a n t o a n , t h u diTgc cha't r a n C nang

diigc a g a m c h a t r a n .
ok

48,72 g a m v a d u n g d i c h D ( k h o n g ehufa A g * v a Fe^^). C h o d u n g d i c h

- T i n h k h o i Itfgng tifng k i m loai.
bo

N a O H t d i dir vao d u n g d i c h D , r o i l a y k e t t i i a n u n g t r o n g k h o n g k h i d e n
lai 31. Khuf 3,48 g a m m o t o x i t k i m l o a i M c a n d u n g 1,344 l i t H2 (dktc).
ce

k h o i l i r g n g k h o n g d d i con l a i 14 g a m c h a t r a n . T i n h n o n g do eiia d u n g
T o a n bg l u g n g k i m l o a i M t h u difgc cho t a c d u n g vdii d u n g d i c h H C l d\i
fa

dich A g N 0 3 da d u n g ,
cho 1,008 H2 ( d k t c ) . T i m k i m l o a i M v a o x i t k i m l o a i M .
w.

^ ^ i 38. Cho 8,3 g a m h o n h g p X g o m A I v a Fe c6 so m o l b a n g n h a u vao

ww

lai 32. H o a t a n m g a m M g vao 1 l i t d u n g d i c h Fe(N03)2 0 , 1 M v ^ Cu(N03)2

100 m l d u n g d i c h Y g o m Cu(N03)2 v a AgNOg sau k h i p h a n ufng k e t thuc
0 , 1 M . Lgc l a y d u n g d i c h X. T h e m N a O H dtf vao d u n g d i c h X , t h u da(?c
t h u dirge cha't r a n A g o m 3 k i m l o a i . H o a t a n A vao d u n g d i c h H C l diT,
k e t t i i a Y , n u n g Y n g o a i k h o n g k h i d e n k h o i l u g n g k h o n g d o i , c6n l a '
tha'y CO 1,12 l i t k h i t h o a t r a ( d k t c ) va con l a i 28 g a m c h a t r a n B k h o n g
10 g a m c h a t r a n Z. T i n h so m o l m u o i Fe(N03)2 d a p h a n ufng.
t a n . T i n h n o n g do m o l ciia Cu(N03)2 va AgNOg t r o n g d u n g d i c h Y .
tai 33. Cho a g a m h o n h g p h o t cac k i m l o a i N i v a Cu vao d u n g d i c h AgNOs
39. H 6 a t a n h e t 24,36 g a m h o n h g p FeCOg v a FegOg t r o n g 200 gam
di/, k h u a y k i m o t t h d i g i a n cho d e n k h i p h a n ufng k e t t h u c . Ngi/oii t a t h ^
^ ^ n g d i c h H N O 3 3 1 , 5 % , k e t t h u c p h a n ufng t h u dirge d u n g d i c h X c6 k h o i
di/gc 54 g a m k i m l o a i . M a t k h a c , cung cho a g a m h o n h g p h o t cac kin^
^^?ng t a n g 15,96 g a m v a h o n h g p k h i Y . D u n g d i c h X h b a t a n t d i da
l o a i t r e n vao d u n g d i c h C U S O 4 dii, k h u a y k i cho d e n k h i p h a n ufng kS*
BSin,!!^ Cu. T i n h g i a t r i cua m .
thuc. Ngiiori t a t h u di/gc k i m l o a i c6 k h o i Itfgng b a n g (a + 0,5) g a m .
°"^NG Hdfl HOC 12 „o
28 BOI OUdNG HOA HOC 12
 p^i 3. Quy hSn hap A ve 3 nguyen t6' A l , Fe v^ S.
3ai 1. Sa dd hki todn:
Al - 3e — > AI^^ +2e S+4
Fe Fe,03
(mol) X 3x (mol) 1,3 (0,75 - 0,1)
+ H g S O ^ 20% ^
33,4 gam B i Cu CuO CuSO^
Fe - 3e — > ¥e^*
Al A1,(S0J„
(mol) y 3y
41,4 gam B2
s - 4e > S^^
Tii sa do t r e n t a suy ra: (mol) 0,1 0,4 0,1
2 X (41,4-33,4)
= 2n„^= = 0,5 (mol) => 3x + 3y + 0,4 = 1,3 => X + y = 0,3 (1)

/
HH^SO.

01
Mat khac: 27x + 56y = 11 (2)

oc
V = X 98 X 100 ^ (ml) Giai he (1), (2) ta difoc: x = 0,2 (mol) vk y = 0,1 (mol)

iH
dung dich H j S O ^ 2O X 1,14
27 X 0 2

Da
3ai 2. a) Phan ufng: vay: % m A i = ^ 1^^^'' = 49,09%. Chgn A .

hi
C O 2 + Ca(0H)2 -> CaCOsI + H 2 O Bai 4. Ta c6: n^,^ = 65,45^-40,6 ^ ^ ^^^^^ .

nT
^ 0,07

uO
(mol) 0,07
80-72,32 100 „
'—

ie
n.. = X = 0,6 (mol)
MxOy + yCO —> xM + yCOa 16 80

iL
0,07 0,07x Al - 3e

Ta
(mol) <- 0,07 Al^^ CI2 + 2e • -> 2C1 - 1
y

s/
(mol) x 3x (mol) 0,35 0,7

up
0,07 (1) Zn - 2e -> Zn 2+ 2H^ + 2e
:r> (Mx + 16y) X
H2

ro
y , y M
(mol) y 2y (mol) 1,2 0,6

/g
M + nHCl Theo de b a i , ta c6 he phtfong t r i n h :
om
3x + 2y = 1,9 = 0,3
.c

0,07x 0,07x.n 1,176

' 27x + 65y = 40,6 y = 0,5
ok

(mol) 22,4
y.2
bo

0 3 X 27
Vay: % m A i = ——— X 100% - 19,95%. Chon A.
ce

x ^ ^ (2) 40,6
fa

y ~ 2n Bai 5. a) Ta c6: n „ = 0,045 (mol) HHCI = 0,035 (mol)

w.

Thay (2) va (1) t a dixgc: M = 28n => n = 2 va M = 56 (Fe) - = - Goi a la so mol cua M va b la so mol cua M ' trong 3,25 gam hon hgrp X
ww

Ma + M'b - 3,25 (1)

Vay c6ng thufc cua oxit sat la Fe304
Phan Lfng: 2 M + 2H2O > 2 M 0 H + Hat
b ) Phan ufng:
(mol) a a 0,5a
2Fe304V IOH2SO4 > 3Fe2(S04)3 + S O a t + IOH2O
Vi D + H C l > k e t tua nen M ' la k i m loai lU9ng t i n h .
(mol) 0,0175^^ 0,02625
M' + 2M0H M2M'02 + H a t
^ 0,02625 ^ (mol) b 2b b b
=^ '^MIFe.CSO,)^], 0,5
=> a + 2b = 0,09 (2)
B6| DI/0NG HOA HOC 12
OUONG HOA HOC 1 2 131
 Dung dich D gom: MaM'Og (b mol) va M O H (a - 2b > 0) pai 7. a) Cho m gam A vao H2O dif: Ba tan het, A l t a n mot phan, t i n h Ho
theo Ba(OH)2
=> ^ [(2M + M ' + 32)b + (M + 17)(a - 2b)] = 2,03
Ba + 2H2O > Ba(OH)2 + H 2 t
Ma + M'b |- 17(a - 2b) = 4,06 =^ 17a - 2b = 0,81 (3) (mol) X X X

Tif (2) va (3), ta dugc: a = 0,05 (mol); b = 0,02 (mol) 2A1 + Ba(0H)2 + 6H2O > Ba[Al(OH)4]2 + SHgt
(mol) X 3x
TCr (1) 0,05M + 0,02M' = 3,25 => M ' = '^f!:±__^
n„^ = X + 3x = 0,06 ^ X = 0,015 (mol)
M 7 (Li) 23 (Na) 39 (K) Cho 2m gam A vao Ba(OH)2 dii, ca Ba va A l tan het

/
M' 145 105 65 (Zn)

01
Ba + 2H2O > Ba(0H)2 + H a t

oc
=> m K = 1,95 (gam) ; mz„ = 1,3 (gam) (mol) 0,03 0,06

iH
b) - d u n g dich D chufa: KaZnOg : 0,01 (mol) va K O H : 0,005 (mol) 2A1 + Ba(OH)a + 6Ha0 > Ba[Al(OH)4J2 + 3H2T

Da
2 (mol) 2y 3y

hi
KOH + HCl KCl + H 2 O 20 832

nT
(mol) 0,005 ^ 0,005 ^ 0,06 + 3 y = = 0,93 ^ y = 0,29 (mol)

uO
KaZnOa + 2HC1 — > 2KC1 + Zn(0H)2^ Vay: m s a = 0,015 x 137 = 2,055 (mol); m M = 27 x 0,29 = 7,83 (gam)

ie
0,01 ^ 0,02 0,01 b) Dung dich B: Ba[Al(OH)4]2 = 0,015 (mol)
(mol)

iL
0 78

Ta
Zn(0H)2 + H C l — > ZnCla + 2H2O
+) Tri/dng hgrp H C l thieu: n^^^,^,^ = = 0,01 (mol)

s/
(mol) 0,05 <- 0,01
Ba[Al(OH)4]2 + 2HC1 > 2 A l ( O H ) 3 i + BaCla + 2H2O

up
=^ me = ni,_^,oH), = 0-495 (gam).
(mol) 0,005 0,01 <- 0,01 '

ro
Bai 6. De phan ufng het a mol k i m loai M can 1,25a mol H2SO4

/g
0.01 X 1000 ^
24
om nnci = n^,^Q^
n n w
= 0,01 (mol) ^
IX
C M (HCD = — = 0,2M^
Vay de hoa t a n het ^ ^ ^ m o l k i m loai M se can l y m o l H2SO4
M M +) Tracfng hgrp H C l dtf: i
.c

+) Neu X la SO2
ok

Ba[Al(OH)4]2 + 2HC1 > 2 A l ( O H ) 3 i + BaCl2 + 2H2O

-> SO2 + 2H2O + SO
bo

2H2SO4 + 2e (mol) 0,015 -> 0,03 0,03

ce

24 — = 0,2 M = 60 (gam/mol) (loai) A l ( 0 H ) 3 i + 3HC1 > AICI3 + 3H2O

fa

(mol) — -> M (mol) 0,02 ^ 0,06

M
w.

+) Neu X 1^ H 2 • (0,03 + 0,06) X 100

ww

H 2 S O 4 + 2e - H2 + SO,^ ^ =^ *-M(nci) = ^ = 1'8M

^ai 8. +) Ph^n 1 + H2O dtf: V i n„ phan 2 > n„ phan 1 => A l c5n du, OH hS't
24 12 = 0,2 => M = 60 (gam/mol) (loai)
(mol) M 2Na + 2H2O > 2Na^ + 2 0 H - + H a t
M (mol) X X 0,5x
+) Neu X la H2S
H2S + 4H2O + 4 S O 2A1 + 2H2O + 2 O H " > 2A10- + 3H2t
5H2SO4 + 8e
2^ = 0,2 (mol) X l,5x
M = 24 (gam/mol) (nhaH
(mol) 24 5M 4 48
M =^ n „ = 0,5x + l , 5 x = = 0,2 => x = 0,1 (mol)
H, . 22,4
M la k i m loai magie (Mg). Chgn B.
B6| Dl/flNG H O A H O C 12 " W S N G HdA HOC 12 l - * *
 +) P h a n 2 + N a O H d U : Tritcfng hap 2: PhAn uTng (4) d a x a y r a

Tii (2), (3), (4) ^ n = n^, + 3n^,,, + n ^ „ „ , „ ; t a n

Na + H2O > Na* + O H " + - H a t
2
= 0,5 + 3 X 0,5 + (0,5 - 0,3) = 2,2 ( m o l ) '
(mol) 0,1 0,05
2 2
2A1 + 2H2O + 2 O H - > 2AIO2 + SHzt => V dung dich N a O H = = 1,1 (Ht)

(mol) y l,5y Bai 1 0 - T a c6: nnci = 0,15 X 1 = 0,15 ( m o l )

7 84

/
Fe304 + 8H^ > Fe^^ + 2Fe^^ + 4H2O

01
^ = 0,05 + l , 5 y = = 0,35 => y = 0,2 (mol)

oc
(mol) X 8x X 2x
- X 3 9 , 9 - ( 2 3 X 0 , 1 + 0,2 x 2 7 )

iH
C u + 2Fe^^ > Cu^^ + 2Fe2^
^ n^^ = ^ — = 0,1 (mol)

Da
ob (mol) 2x 2x

hi
X
+) P h a n 3 + H C l dif:

nT
3Fe^^ + 4H* + N O " ^ 3Fe^^ + N O + 2H2O
2 N a + 2HC1 > 2NaCl + Hgt

uO
(mol) 0,1 0,05 (mol) 3x 4x X

ie
iL
2A1 + 6 H C 1 > 2AICI3 + 3H2t 0 224
ri> nNo = X = — = 0,01 (mol)

Ta
(mol) 0,2 0,3 22,4

s/
=> m = 2 3 2 X 0,01 + 64 X 0,01 + 1 = 3,96 (gam)
Fe + 2 H C 1 > FeClz + H2t

up
(mol) 0,1 0,1

ro
^ n , = 0,15 - 12 X 0 , 0 1 = 0,03 (mol) => [ H ^ ] d i / = = 0,15M

/g
=:> V „ = (0,05 + 0,3 + 0,1) X 224 = 10,08 ( l i t ) . Chqn C.
"2 H dU Q2
om
13 5 23 4
.c

a i 9. T a c6: nAi = — z - = 0,5 (mol); nnci = 2 ( m o l ) n^,ojj, = — ^ = 0,3 (mol) Bai 11. a ) P h a n ufng:
ok

Fe304 + 4H2SO4 > FeS04 + Fe2(S04)3 + 4H2O

bo

, Al + 3H" ^ Al'" + |H2t (1)

(mol) X 4x X . X
ce

(mol) 0,5 1,5 .0,5 C u + Fe2(S04)3 > CUSO4 + 2 F e S 0 4

fa

(mol) 2x
w.

+ OH- > H2O (2) X X X

ww

(mol) 0,5 0,5 C h a t r a n k h o n g t a n C 1^ C u d u

D u n g d i c h B chiJa: F e ' " , C u ' ^ S O f , + NaNOg
A1'^ + 3 0 H - — > A1(0H)3>^ (3)

N e u A l ^ * d a h e t mk OH' cbn dif t h i : 3Fe^* + N O : + 4 H " > 3Fe^" + N O t + 2H2O

A1(0H)3 + O H - > A l O - + 2H2O (4) (mol) 0,45

0,15 0,6 0,45 0,15
i
Tritcfng hap 1: phkn ijfng (4) chifa xky r a 3x = 0,45 => x = 0,15 Cmol)
TCr (2), ( 3 i =>, n „ „ . = n ^ . + 3 n , , ; „ , ^ = 0,5 + 0,9 = 1 , 4 ( m o l ) _ 4 7 , 6 - 2 3 2 x 0,15 „
=> ncu ban diu = — ^ — — = 0,2 ( m o l )
D4
=^VdungdichNaOH = ^ = 0,7 ( l i t )
=^ ncu du = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05 ( m o l ) => mcu du = 0,05 x 6 4 = 3,2 (gam)
 b) Ta c6: n,,^^^^ „Ha„.ng= 4 x 0,15 + | x 0,6 = 0,9 (mol) b) Theo de b a i , ta c6: nh6„h,p = = 0,084 (mol)

^ ^n.,Ho, a. = 1 - 0,9 = 0,1 (mol) "I => M = 25,25 X 2 = 50,5 ^ C6 1 k h i la SO2

2NH3 + H2SO4 > (NH4)2S04

V i HNO3 dac nen suy ra k h i con l a i la: NO2
(mol) 0,2 0,1 Goi X, y la so mol cua NO2 va SO2
X + y = 0,084
2NH3 + CUSO4 + 2H2O > Cu(0H)2i + (NH4)2S04 Theo de b ^ i , ta c6 he phiiong t r i n h :
(mol) 0,3 0,15 46x + 64y = 4,242

2NH3 + FeS04 + 2H2O > Fe(0H)2^ + (NH4)2S04 Giai he phtfang t r i n h , ta dugc: x = 0,063 va y = 0,021

/
•

01
(mol) 0,9 0,45 Ap dung d i n h luat bao toan dien tich:

oc
0,2 + 0,3 + 0,9 Fe - 3e Fe^" NO3 + 2H^ + l e ^ NO2 + H2O

iH
V,.„,.:ehNH3 =
0,5 =2,8 (lit)
(mol) a 3a a (mol) 2x

Da
X

M - ne

hi
Jai 12. Ta c6: ncu = — = 0,15 (mol) ; HHCI = 2 X 0,5 = 1 (mol) SO^- + 4H^ + 2e ^ SO2 + 2H2O
64

nT
(mol) b bn (mol) 2y y

uO
=> 3a + nb = X + 2y = 0,105 (2)

ie
Va n^^o^ = 0,1 X 1 = 0,1 (mol) ; n^^,^^ ,^ = 1 x 0,1 = 0,1 (mol)
TCf (1) va (2) ^ a = 0,015 (mol) va nb = 0,06 (mol)

iL
NaNOg > Na^ + N O " (1) Mat khac: 56a + Mb = 1,38 => Mb = 0,54

Ta
(mol) 0,1 0,1 => M = 9n =:> Nghiem thich hop n = 3, M = 27: nhom (Al).

s/
up
Ba(N03)2 > Ba^* + 2 N O : (2) Bai 14. a) Ta c6: n , ^ = = 0,45 (mol)
22,4

ro
so,
(mol) 0,1 0,2

/g
H . S O , dac ^ „ ,„„ , NaOH
2Fe ' ' • > Fe2(S04)3 -> 2Fe(OH)3 ->Fe203
Tii (1) va (2) => S^No- = ^'^ + = ^'^
om
X 0,5x X 0,5x
Phifofng t r i n h phan ijfng:
.c

NaOH
Cu "^^"^"^^^ ) CUSO4 Cu(OH)2 -> CuO
ok

3Cu + 2NO3 + 8H^ > 3Cu^' + 2NOt + 4H2O

bo

y y y
Banddu: 0,15 0,3 1
ce

=> nichatrin = 160 X 0,5x + 80y = 28 =i> X + y = 0,35 (1)

Phan ling: 0,15 0,1 0,4 0,15 0,1
fa

Du: 0 0,2 0,6 Fe - 3e — -> Fe'3+ S"' +2e S +4

w.

Ttf (3) ^ n N o = 0,1 (mol) VNQ = 0,1 x 22,4 = 2,24 (lit) (mol) X 3x (mol) 0,9 0,45
ww

;ai 13. a) Phan ufng: Fe + 2HC1 > FeClg + H2 (1) Cu - 2e — -> Cu,2+
(mol) y 2y
M + nHCl >MC1„+^H2 (2)
=> 3x + 2y = 0,9 (2)
Goi a, b 1^ so mol cua Fe vk M trong m gam Giai he (1) v^ (2), t a dirgrc: x = 0,2 (mol); y = 0,15 (mol)

Tif (1) va (2) => n „ = a + -b = = 0,045 =^ 2a + nb = 0,09 (1) Phan trSm khoi liicrng cua cac k i m loai trong X:
"2 2 22,4 0,2 X 56
%mFe = X 100%= 53,84%
Theo gia t h i e t : 0,2 X 56 + 0,15 X 64
m^^j.. = mp^^,^+ m ^ P , = (56 + 71)a + ( M + 35,5n)b = 4,575 <=> m = 1,38 % m c u = 100% - 53,84% = 46,16%
3^ B6I DUdNG HdA HOC 1 2 DU8NG HOA HQC 1 2 137
 pai 16- T a cd: n^^^ = n „ ^ = 0,1 ( m o l )
b) 2 H 2 S O 4 + 2e > SO2 + 2H2O + SO
(mob 0,9 <- 0,45 Q u ^ t r i n h o x i ho a
:.+6
110% X 0,9 Al - 3e > Af* + Be •
n = 0,99 ( m o l )
HjSO^ ban dSu 100%
(mol) X 3x (mol) 0,8 0,1
0,99 X 98
C% X 100% = 98% Mg - 2e -> M g,2+ 3+6
+ 2e
99
(mol) y 2y (mol) 0,2 0,1
c ) m x = 9 9 + 56 X 0,2 + 6 4 x 0,15 - 64 x 0,45 = 9 1 ( g a m )

/
Theo de b a i , t a c6 h e phLfong t r i n h :

01
D u n g d i c h X chtfa: 0,09 m o l H2SO4, 0,1 m o l Fe2(S04)3 v a 0,15 m o l CUSO4

oc
2 7 x + 2 4 y = 10,2
98 X 0,09 X = y = 0,2 ( m o l )
Vdy: C% X 1 0 0 % = 9,7%

iH
3x + 2 y = 1

Da
_ 400 X 0,1 0 2 X 27
c% X 100% = 43,96%

hi
Fe.,(SO,), - Vay: % m A i = — x 100% = 52,94%

nT
_ 160 X 0,15
c% Bai 17. a ) P h a n ufng:

uO
X 100% = 26,37%
CuSO^ ~ g-j^

ie
3Cu + 8H^ + 2 N 0 : — -> 3Cu^^ + 2 N 0 t + 4H2O
13,44

iL
lai 15. T a c6: n „ = = 0,6 ( m o l ) .
22,4

Ta
b ) T a c6: ncu = - — = 0,0625 m o l n „ , = n„^ = 0,02 ( m o l )
64 3

s/
Al + 3H^ — -> A l ^ ^ + - H 2 t
3Cu + 8H^ + 2 N O : > 3Cu^^ + 2 N 0 t + 4H2O

up
ro
(mol) X l,5x (mol) . 0,0075 0,02 0,005 0,005

/g
Fe + 2 H ^ > Fe^^ + Hgt
om H"^ p h a n ufng h e t , N O 3 c o n dif vk C u c o n di/.

(mol) y y K h i t h e m 0,02 m o l H2SO4 t h e m 0,04 m o l H"^

.c

T h e o de b a i , t a c6 h e phiTcfng t r i n h : T h i phiTcfng t r i n h p h a n ufng t r e n , so' m o l C u d a p h a n ufng:

ok
bo

2 7 x + 5 6 y = 16,5 X = 0,3 0,06 X 3

= 0,0225 < 0,0625
ce

l , 5 x + y = 0,6 [ y = 0,2 8
fa

0,06
T r o n g 1 1 g a m h 6 n hcfp c6 chijfa: s6' m o l N O da t h a m gia = = 0,015 < 0,02 m o l (ca h a i v a n c6n
w.

" 4
11 X 0,3
ww

= 0,2 ( m o l ) du) => nNo = 0,015 ( m o l ) V2 = 3 V i

16,5
c ) P h a n ufng:
11 X 0,15
npe = = 0,1 (mol)
16,5 2NaN03 — > 2 N a N 0 2 + Ogt

Al2(S04)3 + SSOzt + 6H2O (mol) X X 0,5x

• 2A1 + 6H2SO4

(ipol) 0,2- • 0,3 2Cu(N03)2 — > 2Cu0 + Ost + 4N02t

* 2Fe + 6 H 2 S b 4 4 Fe2(S04)3 + SSOat + 6H2O (mol) y y 0,5y 2y

(mol) 0,1 0,15 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O ^ > 4HNO3

V,^ = (0,3 + 0,15) X 22,4 = 11,2 ( l i t ) (mol) 2y 0,5y y 2y
 "o, k h o n g w hap thu = 0,5x = 0,05 (mol) => x = 0,1 (mol) So mol O H can dung de ket tiia hai ion Mg^* v ^ Al^*^ : n^^^^ = 0,78 (mol)
" N H N O . ^ 8,5 (gam); m,^^,^^, ,^ = 18,8 (gam)
T h e tich B a ( O H ) 2 0 , 5 M v a N a O H I M can dung: V = = 0,39 ( l i t )
^HNo, tao th^nh = = 0,2 (mol) => m^^^^^ = 12,6 (gam) 2
Va m d u n g dich s a n p h S m = ^n^o + "^NO, +
V a y 0,39 l i t N a O H I M + B a ( 0 H ) 2 0 , 5 M c6 so m o l cac i o n :
n^^, : 0,39 m o l ; n^^^,. : 0,195 m o l ; n^^^^ : 0,78 m o l
= 89,2 + 0,2 X 46 + 0,05 x 32 = 100 (gam)
Vay C% = 12,6%. Co: n^^^,_ = 0,14 ( m o l ) < n^^^,, = 0,195 (mol)
ai 18. Ta c6: HHCI = 0,5 X 1 = 0,5 (mol) ;

/
N e n SO^" p h a n ufng h e t :

01
^ H , s o , = ^'^ ^ = 0,14 (mol) ^ n ^ , = 0,78 (mol)
Ba^^ + SO^'- > BaS044

oc
So m o l cac i o n t r o n g h 6 n h o p d u n g d i c h a x i t :
(mol) 0,14 0,14 0,14

iH
H " : 0,78 ( m o l ) ; C I " : 0,5 ( m o l ) ; SO^": 0,14 ( m o l ) .
Sau cac p h a n ufng t a thu Aixac liicfng k e t tua:

Da
H o a t a n h e t h 6 n hcfp h a i k i m l o a i M g v a A l vao h o n hgfp d u n g d i c h axit,

hi
x a y r a cac p h a n ufng:

nT
= 58 X 0,12 + 78 X 0,18 + 233 x 0,14 = 53,62 (gam)
Mg + 2H^ > Mg^^ + H a t (1)

uO
B a i 19. a ) K h o i lifcfng c h a t r S n A t h o a t r a b a m vao t h a n h Fe:
(mol) x 2x

ie
X
P h a n ufng:

iL
Al + 3H^ > Af^ + l,5H2t (2)
Fe + Ag2S04 > FeS04 + 2Ag (1)

Ta
(mol) y 3y l,5y
(mol) 0,002 0,002 0,004

s/
rr X PV 1 X 8,736 „ ,

up
T a c6: n„ = = = 0,39 ( m o l ) Fe + C U S O 4 > FeSOi + Cu (2)
RT 0,082 X 273

ro
Theo de: n^,^,^,^^ = 0,5 x 0,08 = 0,04 ( m o l ) ;
X + l , 5 y = 0,39
T h e o de b a i , t a c6 he phifcfng t r i n h :

/g
2 4 x + 2 7 y = 7,74 s i^Ag,so, = X 0,004 - 0,002 (mol)
om
G i a i he phUcfng t r i n h t a diTOc: x = 0,12 (mol), y = 0,18 (mol) K h i Ag2S04 p h a n i l n g h e t t h i theo p h a n ufng (1):
.c

T a c6: => n^^, da p h a n ufng bang so' mol hidro da cho. Do v a y h a i axit
ok

riAg = 2 npe phan .mg = 2 X 0,002 = 0,004 ( m o l )

bo

p h a n ufng het. D u n g dich A chufa: Mg^^: 0,12 mol; A l ^ ^ : 0,18 mol; =^ mtang = 108 X 0,004 - 56 x 0,002 = 0,32 (gam)
ce

Cn 0,5 mol; S O ^ - : 0 , 1 4 mol. Theo de b a i : m t a „ g = 100,48 - 100 = 0,48 gam > 0,32 g a m .
fa

Suy r a C U S O 4 c6 p h a n ufng. G o i x l a so m o l C U S O 4 c6 p h a n ufng:

n ^ m u 6 - i s a u p h a n tog = ^Mg^* + " ^ A l - + " ^ C r + "^SO,
w.

Tvi (2) => ncu tao t h a n h = U p e phan ttog = X (mol)

= 24x0,12 + 27x0,18 + 35,5x0,5 + 9 6 x 0 , 1 4 = 38,93 (gam)
ww

^ mtang = 6 4 x - 56x = 0,48 - 0,32 = 0,16 (gam) => x = 0,02 (mol)

b ) T r o n g 1 lit h % i h a p N a O H I M + B a ( 0 H ) 2 0 , 5 M gom: ^.
Vay c h a t r S n b a m l e n Fe c6: nAg = 0,004 ( m o l ) , ncu = 0,02 (mol)
^ m A = 0,004 X 108 + 0,02 x 64 = 1,712 (gam),
CAc p h a n ufng x a y r a de li/cfng ket t u a \6n n h a t : b ) T h e tich k h i mau nau do difcfc d 27°C, l a t m l a k h i : N O 2
Mg^^ + 2 OH" > Mg(0H)2^ Cu + 4 H N O 3 > Cu(N03)2 + 2 N O 2 + 2 H 2 O (3)
(mol) 0,12 0,24 0,12
Ag + 2HNO3 > AgNOg + N O 2 + H 2 O (4)
Al^^ + 3 OR- > Al(0H)3i Tir (3) v a (4) => n^^^^ = 2n^,^ + n^^, = 2 x 0,02 + 0,004 = 0,044 (mol)
(mol) 0,18 0,54 0,18
0.044 X 22.4 X 3 0 0
Ba^^ + SO^- > BaS04i
B6| Dt/dNG H6A HOC 12
 c) Ta c6: nNaOH = 0,5 x 0,2 = 0,1 (mol)
C^c phuang t r i n h phan ufng cua C vdi NaOH dif;

Phan ufng: 2NO2 + 2NaOH — > NaNOs + NaNOs + H 2 O (5) 2NaOH + Fe(N03)2 -> Fe(OH)2 i + 2NaN03 (3)
(mol) 0,044 0,044 0,022 0,022 X X
(mol) — +z
n 0,1 2 2
Lap t i le: 1. - ^'^^^ = 0,022 < ^ = 0,05 => Sau phan
2 2
Cu(N03)2 + 2NaOH Cu(0H)2 i + 2NaN03 (4)
iJng (5) t h i N a O H con du.
(mol) ( y - z) (y - z ) ,
TCr (5) => nNaOH pMntog= 0,044 (mol)

/
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2 H 2 O > 4Fe(OH)3 i (5)
nNaOH du = 0,1 - 0,044 = 0,056 (mol)

01
oc
Va ^NaNO = ^mm.., =0.022 (mol) 2Fe(OH)3 ^- > FeaOa + S H g O (6)

iH
r -0'05^-nii2M Cu(OH)2 > CuO + H 2 O

Da
Vay: (7)
0,5

hi
Theo de bai, ta c6 he phifcfng t r i n h :
0,022

nT
^IVKNaNOj)" ^M(NaN03)
= 0,044M
0,5

uO
108x + 64z = 3,44

ie
i i 20. a) Xac dinh a:
(- + z)90 + 98(y - z) = 3,68

iL
Fe + 2AgN03 - -> Fe(N03)2 + 2Agi (1)

Ta
(2) |(| + z) 160 + ( y - z ) 80 = 3,2

s/
Fe + Cu(N03)2 -> Fe(N03)2 + C u i X X

up
+) Neu thieu Fe, phan ufng (1) xay ra hoan t o ^ n sau do Fe se tham gia
Giai he phifcfng t r i n h ta c6: x = 0,02; y = 0,03; z = 0,02

ro
phan ling (2). Gia suf Fe du hoac d\i =i> dung dich C chi chufa Fe(N03)2

/g
0,02
k h i phan ufng v6i NaOH chi tao ra mot chat k e t tua Fe(OH)2 t r a i v6i npe = + 0,02 = 0,03 (mol)
om
2
gia thiet =i> loai triCdng hap nay.
.c

+) Neu dung dich c5n dtf ca AgN03 va Cu(N03)2 => ntrdrc loc C chi chufa ba mpe = a = 0,03 x 56 = 1,68 (gam)
ok
bo

muoi =^ cho ba ket tua hidroxit. Trai v6i gia thiet loai trifcfng hap nay. b) Nong do cac muoi trong dung dich X:
ce

Goi X , y la so mol AgN03, Cu(N03)2 trong dung dich X: [AgN03] = 0,1M va [Cu(N03)2] = 0,15M.
fa

z la so mol Cu(N03)2 da phan ufng vdri Fe ^ai 21. Ta c6: n^^^^^ = 0,06 (mol) ^ nAg neu difgc giai phong toi da: 0,06 mol
w.

=> (y - z) la so mol Cu(N03)2 dif.

ww

"cu(N03), = 0,05 (mol) => ncu neu difgrc giai phong t o i da: 0,05 mol
Fe + 2AgN03 - Fe(N03)2 + 2Ag i (1)

X
C6c phan ufng c6 the xay ra k h i cho M g , Cu vko dung dich chufa h6n hcfp
X
(mol) — X
2 hai muoi AgNOg vk Cu(N03)2.
2
Fe + Cu(N03)2 -> Fe(N03)2 + Cui (2) M g + 2AgNOg > Mg(N03)2 + 2 A g i

(mol) z z
M g + Cu(N03)2 > Mg(N03)2 + Cui
X
Dung dich C chufa: — +z mol Fe(N03)2 va (y - z) mol Cu(N03)2 Cu + 2AgN03 > Cu(N03)2 + 2 A g i '
2
B6\G H6A HOC 12 ""'""QNG HOA HOC 12
Phan urng or dung dich A:
pai 22. a) Goi x, y la so' mol ciia A l va F^co trong 4,15 gam hSn hgp
- Dung dich A tac dung vdri dung dich NaOH => ket tiia, sau do nung va
thu diicfc hai oxit. Vay trong dung dich A chi c6 hai muo'i M g ( N 0 3 ) 2 , Ta c6: 27x + 56y = 4,15
(1)
Cu(N03)2 con AgNOs het, dong t h d i dung dich c5n Cu(N03)2 t h i M g het, C^c phuwng t r i n h phan ufng:
Cu(N03)2 trong dung dich phan ufng mot phan v i neu chiTa phan ufng t h i
rieng so mol CuO cung > 3,6 gam 2AI + 3CUSO4 - 2Al2(S04)3 + 3Cu (2)
NaOH
0,05 mol C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 -> 0,05 mol C u ( 0 H ) 2
(mol)
3 1 3
2 " 2 "
> 0,05 mol C u O ^ m r: 4 (gam) 2 "

/
- So' mol C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 < 0,05 (mol) thi C u trong h o n hofp coi nhii khong F e + CUSO4

01
-> F e S 0 4 + C u (3)
p h a n ufng vdfi AgNOa vi neu p h a n ufng v6i AgNOs C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 thi cung

oc
(mol) yi yi yi yi
bi M g tac dung de t r d l a i C u .

iH
C a c p h a n ufng d dung dich A: T r o n g ke't tiia A g6m h a i k i m loai chufng to sau p h a n iJng (1) v a (2) A l

Da
2Agi da p h a n ufng he't, F e con diT v ^ dung dich CUSO4 da p h a n iJng het.

hi
Mg + 2AgN03 - Mg(N03)2

nT
(mol) 0,03 0,06 0,03 0,06 Goi y i l a so mol F e da p h a n ufng, so mol F e con dii l a (y - yj).

uO
Mg + Cu(N03)2 — Mg(N03)2 + Cui
Ke't tua A gom : Cu: (mol) v a F e du: (y - y i ) (mol) I

ie
X +.y,
(mol) X X ' X X

iL
ncu,N03,,du =0,05-x (mol)
3

Ta
Dung dich A tac dung v6i NaOH:
mA = 64 + (y - yi)56 = 7,84 (gam) (4)

s/
up
Mg(N03)2 + 2NaOH -> Mg(0H)2i 2NaNOs
So mol CUSO4 da t h a m gia p h a n iJng:

ro
(mol) (0,03 + x) (0,03 + x)

/g
> MgO + H2O n CuSO^ = 0,525 X 0,2 = 0,105 (mol) (5)
Mg(0H)2 - 2 - + yi
om
(mol) (0,03 + x) (0,03 + x)
.c

Giai he phiiang t r i n h (1), (4) va (5), ta c6:

2NaOH
ok

CU(N03)2 + Cu(0H)2i 2NaN03

X - 0,05 (mol); y = 0,05 (mol); y i = 0,03 (mol)
bo

(mol) (0,05 - X ) (0,05 - x )

ce

Cac phiTofng t r i n h phan ufng hoa tan A trong HNO3:

Cu(0H)2 - CuO + H2O
fa

(mol) (0,05 - x) (0,05 - x) F e + 4HNO3 > Fe(N03)3 + N O + 2H2O (6)

w.

=^ (0,03 + x) 40 + (0,05 - x)80 = 3,6 <=> 1,2 + 40x + 4 - 80x = 3,6

ww

3Cu + 8HNO3 > 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N 0 + 4H2O (7)

o 1,2 + 4 - 3,6 = 40x => X = 0,04
Chat r d n B: n^^^ = 0,09 (mol) => n„j^Q^ = 4 X 0,02 + I X 0,105 = 0,36 (mol)

2Ag + 2H2SO4 Ag2S04 + SO2 + 2H2O

V,H N O i 0,36
(mol) 0,06 0,03 = 0,18 (lit) = 180 (ml)

Cu + 2H2SO4 - CUSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

^) Dung dich B gom:
(mol) 0,06 <- (0,09 - 0,03)
Vay: na, banddu = 0,06 - 0,04 = 0,02 (mol) ^mc. = 0,02 x 64 = 1,28 (gam)
^Ai,(so,)3 = ^Feso, = 0,03 (mol); n^^,, = 0,05 (mol);

n M g = 0,03 + X = 0,07 (mol) => mwg = 0,07 x 24 = 1,68 (gam) n^^,. = 0,03 (mol); n^^^,_ = 0,105 (mol).
R6\G H6A HOC 12
K h i t r o n Ifin dung dich B v d i dung dich Ba(OH)2 va NaOH de phan ufn^j pal 24. a) Phuong t r i n h hoa hoc cua cac phan ufng xay ra:
hoan toan
A l + SAgNOg > A1(N03)3 + 3 A g i (i)
Fe^^ + 2 0 H " > Fe(OH)2 i
(mol) 0,03 0,06 0,03 2A1 + 3Cu(N03)2 > 2A1(N03)3 + 3Cu^ (2)

+ 30H- Al(OH)34 Zn + 2AgN03 > Zn(N03)2 + 2Ag^ (3)

(mol) • 0,05 0,15 0,05 Zn + Cu(N03)2 > Zn(N03)2 + C u i (4)

B a ' " + SO^'- > BaSOA b ) Theo dau bai:

/
01
(mol) 0,0525 0,0525 Chat r a n B chi gom Ag va Cu (Al va Zn da phan ufng het) dung dich D

oc
0 21 chi gom A1(N03)3 va Zn(N03)2; (AgNOg, Cu(N03)2 da phan tog het).

iH
=^ n^„ = 0,06 + 0,15 = 0,21 (mol) ^ V , ^ = - f — = 1,05 (lit)

Da
OH" (lung d i c h O H Q 2
Ta c6: n,„,^„^,^ = ^ = 0,03 (mol); n,^„^„^ = ^ = 0,01 (mol)

hi
^ n = 0,05 X 1,05 = 0,0525 (mol)

nT
Gpi X , y la so mol ciia A l va Zn c6 trong 1,57 gam h6n hop k i m loai.
K h i nung h6n hop ket tua trong khong k h i , xay ra cac phan ufng sau:

uO
2Fe(OH)2 + 0,502 — > FezOs + 2H2O Ta c6: 27x + 65y = 1,57 (5)

ie
(mol) 0,03 0,015 - Goi x i , X2 la so mol cua A l tham gia phan ufng (1) v^ (2):

iL
Ta
2A1(0H)3 —> AI2O3 + 3H2O TO (1) va (2) => ncu(2, = n,^,^,^,^,,, = | x , (mol)

s/
(mol) 0,05 0,025

up
HAgd, = n^^^o^,j,= 3xi(mol)

ro
• = 0,015 X 160 + 0,025 X 102 + 0,0525 x 233 = 17,1825 (gam), Goi y i , y 2 la so mol ciia Zn tham gia phan ufng (3) va (4):
i 23. Ta c6: n . = 0,02 (mol) /g
om
TCr (3) va (4) ^ nAg,3, = n^^^^^^^^ = 2y, (mol)
Ag
.c

Zn + 2 A g ' > Zn'" + 2Agi (1)

ok

ncu(4)= n^,„,NO,),(4)=y2(mol)

(mol) X. 2x 2x
bo

Ta lai c6: nAgd, + nAgo, = n^^,^^^, = ^Yi + 3xi = 0,01 (mol)

ce

Cu + 2Ag" > Cu'" + 2 A g i (2)

fa

(mol) y 2y 2y 3
ncu(2) + ncu(4) = = 0,03 (mol)
w.

, = y 2 + -^2
Gia suf chat r a n X hoan toan la Ag.
ww

=> TiAgi = 3xi + 2yi = 0,01 (mol)

=^ n = H A . = ^ 1 ^ ^ = 0,0212 (mol) > 0,02 (mol) (loai)
Ag* p h a n ufng ^ ^Qg 3
=> A g " het, h6n hop k i m loai con da ncui = - X 2 + y 2 = 0,03 (mol)
2t
Am = m A g - ( m z n + m c u ) piJf 3(xi + X2) + 2(yi + y2) = 0,07 =^ 3x + 2y = 0,07 (6)
=^ 216(x + .y) - 65x - 64y = 2,2915 - 0,774
Ket hgp (5) va (6) ta c6 he phiiong t r i n h :
=> 151x + 152y = 1,5175 (3)
27x + 6 5 y = l , 5 7 >'
TCr (1) va (2) => 2(x + y) = 0,02 =^ x + y = 0,01 (4)
3x + 2y = 0,07
Giai he (3) va (4), ta difoc: x = 0,0025 (mol) va y = 0,0075 (mol).
V i y > 0 nen Zn t a n het mz„ = 65 x 0,0025 = 0,1625 (gam). Chpn A- Giai he phifong t r i n h ta difgc: x = 0,01 (mol); y = 0,02 (mol)
 Theo ( 1 , 2, 3, 4) trong dung dich D c6: TLT (*) =>a = 0,03 - b , the vao (**), ta c6:
So' gam muoi A1(N03)3 = 0,01 x 213 = 2,13 (gam) (0,03 - b ) ( 2 M + 60) + b ( M + 61) = 3,38
So gam muoi Zn(N03)2 = 0,02 x 189 = 3,78 (gam) ^ 0 , 0 6 M + 1,8 - 2 b M - 60b + b M + 61b = 3,38

So gam Ag 4 = 0,01 x 108 1,08 (gam) 0,06M.b-bM=l,58^b = M8z:MM>o

1-M
So gam Cui = 0,03 x 64 = 1,92 (gam)
1,58
Khdi li/gng dung dich D: M > = 26 ( v i 1 - M < 0) v a a = 0,03 - b > 0 => b < 0,03
0,UD
' m n = 101,43 + 1,57 - 1,08 - 1,92 = 100 ( g a m ) 1,58-0,06M
2,13 < 0 , 0 3 o 1,58 - 0 , 0 6 M > 0,03 - 0 , 0 3 M

/
Vay: C%,„^„ , = ^ X 100 = 2,13% 1-M

01
100 o 1,55 > 0 , 0 3 M ^ M < 51,667

oc
3,78 V&y Itim loai thoa man la kali (K). So' mol cua muoi KHCO3 la 0,02 mol.
100 = 3,78%

iH
C % 7 ,wn , = X
Bai 27. Goi so mol cua CuO, AI2O3, FenO^ Ian lifgt 1^: x, y, z mol

Da
/ 2"<N0^'^ 100

B a i 25. P h ^ n ufng: +)A + H2:

hi
A l + 3Ag^ Al^^ + 3Agi CuO + H2 — > Cu + H2O

nT
(mol) 0,1 0,3 0,1 (mol)

uO
X X

ie
Fe + 2 A g ^ > Fe^^ + 2Agi Fe„Om + mHs —> nFe + mH20

iL
(mol) 0,1 0,2 0,1 (mol) z mz

Ta
.0
Fe + Cu^^ > Fe^^ + Cui AI2O3 + H2 > khong phan ufng

s/
+)A + H2SO4:
(mol) 0,15 0,15 0,15

up
CuO + H2SO4 > CUSO4 + H2O
^ n , = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05 (mol)

ro
(mol) X X X /

/g
, Cu^^ + 2 0 H " > Cu(0H)2 A1203 + 3H2S04 -> Al2(S04)3 + 3H2O
om
(mol) 0,05 ^ . 0,05 (mol) y 3y
.c

Fe^^ + 2 0 H - > Fe(0H)2

ok

Fe„Op, + mH2S04 - Fen(S04)m + mHzO

(mol) z mz z
bo

(mol) 0,25 -> 0,25

+)B + NaOH diT:
ce

Al^^ + 4 0 H - > A l O " + 2H2O

fa

CUSO4 + 2 N a O H — -> Cu(0H)2i + Na2S04

(mol) 0,1 ^ 0,1 (mol)
w.

X X

=> niket = 98 0,05 + 90 0,25 = 27,4 (gam).

ww

tLia X X
Al2(S04)3 + 6 N a O H > 2A1(0H)3 + 3Na2S04
Bai 26. G o i cong thufc h a i m u o i l a : M2CO3 v a M H C O 3
A1(0H)3 + NaOH - > NaA102 + 2H2O
M2CO3 + 2HC1 ^ 2MC1 + COat + H g O
Fe„(S04)„, + 2mNaOH — > nFe(0H)2m/n + mNa2S04
(mol) a a
(mol) z nz
• MHCO3 + H C l - > M C I + C O a t + H2O
Khi nung ke't tua: Cu(0H)2 —> CuO + H2O
(mol) b b
(mol) X X .

T a c6: HCO' = a + b = - 0,03 ( m o l ) 4-m

CO, 22,4 2Fe203 + — H2O
4Fe(OH)2ra/n + O2
n n
m , , „ , , p „ , , , , = a ( 2 M + 60) + b ( M + 6 1 ) = 3,38 (mol)
nz 0,5nz
R6I ntiHuK
 8n N , 0
p a li 29. a ) n^,^^ . .. = L a x n x = n + 3n ^
C6 h§ phtfang t r i n h : NO3 tao muoi NO^

80x + 102y + ( 5 6 n + 16in)z = 8,14 = 0,15 + 3 X 0,1 + 8 X 0,05 = 0,85 ( m o l )

(1)
1,44 => m ... = 40 + 62 X 0,85 = 92,7 (gam)
X + mz = = 0,08 (2)
18
• 170x1 b ) n^m, phKn.ng= 2n^o^ + 4 n ^ „ + 10n^^„
X 3y + m z =
+ = 0,17 (3)
^ 1000 = 2 X 0,15 + 4 X 0 , 1 + 10 X 0,05 = 1,2 ( m o l ) .
n z X 160 _ „
80x + = 5,2 (4)
Nil 30. G o i so m o l Z n , M g , F e c6 t r o n g h d n ho'p l a a, b , c

/
01
L a y (3) trCf cho (2), t a duac : 3y = 0,09 y = 0,03 ( m o l ) Thi nghiem 1:

oc
Tir (1) ^ 8 0 x + 56nz + 16mz = 8,14 - 102 x 0,03 = 5,08
Zn + 2HC1 > ZnCl2 + H a t (1)

iH
Tir {4)=>x + nz - = 0,065

Da
80 (mol) a 2a a a

hi
TiT (1) v a (4) => 3 x + 2 m z = 0,18 (5)
M g + 2HC1 > MgCl2 + H a t (2)

nT
L a y (5) k e t h o p v6i (3) ^ x + m z = 0,17 - 0,03 x 3 = 0,08

uO
(mol) b 2b b b
C6 m z = 0,06 => X = 0,02; nz = 0,045

ie
nz _ 0,045 _ 1 Fe + 2HC1 > FeCl2 + H2T (3)

iL
mz ~ 0,06 m ~ 4

Ta
(mol) c 2c C O

s/
V a y c o n g thufc o x i t s a t : Fe304 v a z = 0,015 ( m o l )

up
mcuo = 80 X 0,02 = 1,6 (gam) TCf ( 1 ) , ( 2 ) v a (3) n„ = a + b + c = = 0,045 ( m o l ) (*)
22,4

ro
m^,^o^ = 102 X 0,03 = 3,06 (gam)

/g
Thi nghiem 2:
^ = 232 0,015 = 3,48 ( g a m )
X
om
ZnCla + 2NaOH - -> Z n ( 0 H ) 2 + 2 N a C l (4)
.c

24,3
B a i 28. T a c6: HAI = = 0,9 ( m o l ) ; n^^^ = 0,225 ( m o l ) ;
ok

(mol) na 2na na 2na

bo

= 0,675 ( m o l )
MgCla + 2NaOH - Mg(0H)2 + 2NaCl (5)
ce

> 8AIO2 + o N H g t (1)

fa

P h a n L^ng: 8A1 + 3 N O " + 5 O H " + 2H2O (mol) nb 2nb nb

w.

Banddu: 0,9 0,225 0,675 0 0

FeCl2 + 2 N a O H - Fe(0H)2 + 2NaCl (6)
ww

Phdniing: 0,6 0,225 0,375 0,6 0,225

0,6 0,225 (mol) nc 2nc nc
Du: 0,3 0 0,3

' 2A1 + 2 O H " + 2H2O -> 2A10: + SHat TCr ( 4 ) , ( 5 ) v a ( 6 ) ^ nNaon = 2 n a + 2 n b + 2nc = 0,3 x 0,06 = 0,018

Ban ddii: 0,3 0,3 hay 2 n ( a + b + c) = 0,018 (**)

Phdn ling: 0,3 0,3 0,45 L a y phifcfng t r i n h (**) c h i a cho phifo'ng t r i n h (*), t a c6:
Di£: 0 0 0,45
2 n ( a + b + c) 0,018
TCr (1) v a (2) X ^ k h i = 0,225 + 0,45 = 0,675 ( m o l ) = 0,4 ^ n = 0,2
a + b + c 0,045
=^ V^^,= 0,675 X 22,4 = 15,12 ( l i t ) ' W S N G HOA HOC 1 2
151
 Thi nghi^m 3:
pali 32. T a c6: n^^,. = n^,,,. = 0,1 (mol)
Zn(OH)2 —> ZnO + H2O 2+
Cu Mg Mg"* + Cui
(mol) 0,2a 0,2a Ban ddu: 0,1

Mg(0H)2 MgO + H2O Phan ling: X X

DU: 0,1 - X (0,1 - X >0)

(mol) 0,2b 0,2b
Fe^^ + Mg -> Mg2^ + ^ei
4 F e ( O H ) 2 + O2 + 2H2O —> 4Fe(OH)3
Ban ddu: 0,1

/
(mol) 0,2c 0,2c

01
Phan ling: y y

oc
2Fe(OH)3 —> FeaOg + SHgO 0,1-y (0,1-y >0)

iH
(mol) 0,2c 0,1c D u n g d i c h X t o i da g o m : M g ^ ^ Fe^', C u ^ ^ NO"

Da
irichatrfe = ( 0 , 2 a X 8 1 ) + (0,2b x 4 0 ) + (0,1c x 1 6 0 ) = 0 , 5 6 2 (gam) OH
Cu 2+ Cu(0H)2^

hi
> -> CuO
6 5 a + 2 4 b + 56c = 1,97

nT
(mol) 0,1-X 0,1 - X 0,1 - X
T h e o de b a i , t a c6 h e : a + b + c = 0,045

uO
2Fe 2+ — — > 2Fe(OH)2^ > 2Fe(OH)3 > FeaOg
16,2a + 8 b + 16c = 0 , 5 6 2

ie
0,1-y 0,1-y 0,1-y 0,5(0,1 - y)

iL
G i a i h e p h i f o n g t r i n h , t a dugfc: x = 0 , 0 1 ; y = 0,02 v a z = 0,015
.2+ OH-

Ta
Mg"'^" ^ > Mg(0H)2i ^—^ MgO
Vaiy: mz„ = 0 , 0 1 x 65 = 0,65 (gam)

s/
(mol) X + y X + y x + y
mMg = 0,02 X 2 4 = 0,48 (gam)

up
^ mz = 8 0 ( 0 , 1 - x) + 80(0,1 - y ) + 40(x + y ) = 1 0 ^ x + y = 0,15 (*)
m p e = 0,015 X 5 6 = 0,84 ( g a m ) .

ro
V i 0 < x < 0,1 n e n ttr (*) =^ y > 0 => Cu^* h e t , Fe^^ con dn, M g het

/g
Li 31. P h a n ufng: MxOy + y H z —> x M + yHgO om => X = 0,1 m o l v a y = 0,05 (mol)
Chii y: c6 the su' dung phiiOng phdp xet khodng de gidi bdi todn tren.
T a c6: n „ = n„ = = 0,06 (mol)
.c

H, 0 22,4 Bai 33. a) Cac phi/Ong t r i n h h o a hoc:

ok

=> K h o i l i r o n g M t r o n g 3,48 (gam) M^Oy: 3,48 - (0,06 x 16) = 2.52 (gam)

bo

N i + 2AgN03 > N i ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2Ag4 (1)

ce

2M + 2nHCl > 2MCln + nH2 ^ N i + 2Ag^ > m^* + 2Agi

fa

2 M (gam) n (mol)
Cu + 2 A g N 0 3 > Cu(N03)2 + 2 A g ; (2)
w.

2,52 ( g a m ) = 0,045 ( m o l )
ww

Cu + 2Ag^ ^ Cu^^ + 2 A g i
22,4
0 C O v> „ N i + CUSO4 —> NiS04 + C u i (3)

^ M = — — = 28n ^ n = 2 => M = 56 m Fe N i + Cu^' - Ni^^ + C u i

2 X 0,045
b ) K h o i l u g n g cua h o n h o p k i m l o a i b a n dau:
Fe^Oy + yH2 —> xFe + yHgO
Theo (3), cuf 59 g a m N i t h a m gia p h a n ufng, s i n h r a 64 g a m Cu. K h o i
(mol) y X
lifcfng k i m l o a i sau p h a n ufng gia t S n g 64 - 59 = 5 (gam). T h e o dOf k i e n

(mol) 0,06 ^ = 0,045 =^ - = - b ^ i t o d n , k h o i Itfong k i m l o a i gia t S n g 0,5 g a m t h i k h o i Itfong N i t r o n g

56 y 4
hSnhopla: niNi = ^ ^ ^ - ^ = 5,9 (gam)
V a y , c o n g thufc cua o x i t Ik FeaOi
tIR Hrta u n r 19 1S3
 Theo (1): cut 59 gam Ni tham gia phan ijfng, sinh ra 108 x 2 = 216 gam Ag. b ) Phan ufng:
Vay 5,9 gam N i tham gia phan iJng, sinh ra khoi lugng Ag la: 2A1 + 6HC1 -> 2AICI3 + SHat
216x5,9 (mol) 0,4 0,4
"^Ag = ~ = 2 1 , 6 (gam)
59 Na + H2O - > NaOH + ^ H z t
2
K h o i lifgng A g dugc sinh ra a phan ufng (2) la: (mol) 0,3 0,3
mAg = 54 - 21,6 = 32,4 (gam)
AICI3 + 3NaOH —> A1(0H)3^ + 3NaCl

/
Theo (2): cuf 216 gam Ag diTgrc sinh ra thi c6 64 gam Cu tham gia phan

01
(mol) 0,1 0,3 0,1
urng. Vay 32,4 gam A g diigc sinh ra thi khoi liTcfng Cu tham gia phan

oc
=> m^.,,,^= 78 X 0,1 = 7,8 (gam).

iH
trng la: mcu = — — — = 9,6 (gam)
Bai 36. Phan ufng:

Da
zlb

hi
A l + 4HNO3 > A1(N03)3 + N O t + 2H2O
. K h o i li/cfng cua h6n hop hot kim loai ban dau la:

nT
(mol) a a

uO
inh6n hop = 5,9 + 9,6 = 15,5 (gam)
3 M g + 8HNO3 > 3Mg(N03)2 + 2 N 0 t + 4H2O

ie
c) % N i = 38%; %Cu = 62%

iL
J. So nguyen tuf N i 2 (mol) b
3

Ta
Q.) ; = —

s/
So' nguyen tuf Cu 3 Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(N03)3 + NOT + 2 H 2 O

up
B a i 34. CAc phan ufng xay ra theo thuf tii: (mol) c c

ro
M g + 2Ag^ > Mg^^ + 2 A g i

/g
2A1 + 3 H 2 S O 4 - — > Al2(S04)3 + 3H2t
(mol) 0,1 0,2 0,2
om
Fe + 2Ag^ > Fe^' + 2 A g i (mol) ka k ^
.c

(mol) 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2 2

ok

Fe'" + Ag" > Fe^" + A g ^ M g + H2SO4 — MgS04 + 3H2t

bo

(mol) ' kb kb
ce

(mol) 0,05 0,05 0,05

fa

=^ m = 0,45 X 108 = 48,6 (gam) Fe + H2SO4 — -> FeS04 + H a t

w.

(mol) kc kc
B a i 35. a ) Phan ufng:
ww

Cho NaOH dir chi c6 2 kfi't tua:

M > M " " + ne
MgS04 + 2NaOH > M g ( 0 H ) 2 i + Na2S04
8,1 8, I n
(mol) (mol) kb kb
M ' M

+ 3e > N"' Mg(0H)2 —> MgO + H 2 O

(mol) 0,9 0,3 (mol) kb kb

FeS04 + 2NaOH Fe(0H)2 ^^ + Na2S04

^ = 0,9 => M = 9 n n = 3 v& M = 27 (Al) kc
(mol) kc
D I / B N G HI^A H O C 1 2
 8 3
2Fe(OH)2 + ^ O a + H2O 2Fe(OH)3 B a i 38. T a c6: n A i = npe = = 0 , 1 (mol).
83
(mol) kc kc
Goi X l a so' m o l cua A g N O s y l a so m o l cua Cu(N03)2.
2Fe(OH)3 FeaOg + 3H2O +) X + Y ^ C h a t r a n A g o m 3 k i m l o a i => A l h e t , Fe chtfa p h a n iJng
hoac con d i i . H o n hcfp h a i muo'i da h e t .
kc
(mol) kc +) A + d u n g d i c h H C l d i i => Fe t a n h e t , c h a t r a n k h o n g t a n B g o m Cu
va A g => 108x + 6 4 y = 28 (i)
k a + k b + k c = 0,05 Al > Af* + 3e Ag^^ + l e > Ag

/
Theo de b a i , t a c6 he phiforng t r i n h : (mol) 0,1 3 X 0,1 (mol) x x x

01
40kb + — k c = 2
Fe > Fe^' + 2e Cu^^ + 2e ^ > Cu

oc
(mol) 0,1 2 0,1 (mol) y 2y y

iH
X
k ( a + b + c) 0,05
=>a + b + c = b + 2 c = > a = c => Z n e ( n h i r d n g ) = 0,5 (mol) 2 H * + 2e > H2

Da
4 0 k ( b + 2c)

hi
(mol) 0,1 0,05
2 7 a + 2 4 b + 56c = 15,5

nT
=> Sne ( n h a n ) = x + 2y + 0,1
2

uO
a + —b + c = 0,4 Theo D L B T e l e c t r o n , t a c6: x + 2y + 0,1 = 0,5 => x + 2 y = 0,4 (2)
3

ie
G i a i he (1) v a (2), t a dtfac: x = 0,2 ( m o l ) ; y = 0,1 ( m o l )
a = c

iL
Ta
Hoc s i n h t i / giai, t i m r a cac gia t r i a, b, c tii do t i n h k h o i lacfng cac k i m loai.

s/
Bai 39. T a c6: m y = 24,36 - 15,96 = 8,4 (gam)
. 37. Cac p h a n uTng x a y r a t h e o thuf t\i: •

up
SFeCOa H- IOHNO3 > 3Fe(N03)3 + SCOat + N O t + 5H2O

ro
Mg + 2Ag* > Mg^* + 2 A g ^
, 1 , 10 . • x

/g
(mol) X 2x X 2x (mol) X — X X X • —
3 3
om
Fe + 2Ag^ > Fe^^ + 2Agi,
.c

3Fe304 + 2 8 H N O 3 > 9Fe(N03)3 + N O t + I 4 H 2 O

(mol) y 2y y 2y
f
ok

(mol) y ^ y •
bo

A m = 216(x + y ) - 24x - 56y = 48,72 - 12,88

ce

192x + 160y = 35,84 (1) Theo de b a i , t a c6 he phtfcfng t r i n h :

' l l 6 x + 2 3 2 y = 24,36 r ,x
fa

' I x = 0,15 ( m o l )
OH-
M g .2+ Mg(0H)2 MgO
w.

44x + 30 X - + 30 X ^ = 8,4 | y = 0,03 ( m o l )

ww

(mol) X X 3 3
10 Q.R
2Ye'^ 2Fe(OH)2 > 2Fe(OH)3 =^ H'^HNo, = Y X 0.15 + y X 0,03 = 0,78 (mol)

0,5y =*n„No,c6„.,.= 1 - 0 , 7 8 = 0,22 (mol)

=> 4 0 x + 160 X 0,5y = 14 x + 2y = 0,35 (2)
3Cu + 8HNO3 > 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N 0 t + 4H2O
G i a i he phi/omg t r i n h (1) v a (2), t a dviac: (mol) 0,0825 0,22
X = 0,07 (mol) v a y = 0,14 ( m o l )
2Fe(N03)3 + Cu > Cu(N03)2 + 2Fe(N03)2
0,42 (mol) 0,24 0,12
n , = 2(0,07 + 0,14) = 0,42 (mol) => C M (AgNOg)
= 0,6M
Ag 0,7 =^ mcu = (0,0825 + 0,12) x 64 = 12,96 (gam).
B6t nilRnr, H 6 A H O C 12 ffiPaSNG HOA HOC 12 157
HUdNG VI. - NaHCOs CO tinh litdng tinh (vita tdc dung vdi dung dich axit, vita tdc
dung du'cfc vdi dung dich baza).
KIM LOAI KIEM •
NaHCOs + HCI > NaCI + C O ^ t + H2O

KIM LOAI KIEM THO VA NHOM NaHC03 + NaOH > Na2C03 + H2O
- NaHC03 ditgc diing trong cong nghiep ditcfc phdm (che thudc dau
da day,...) vd cong nghiep thu'c phdm (1dm hot nd,...).
3, NATRI CACBONAT

/
. KIENTHLfCCAN NH6

01
- Natri cacbonat (NazCO;) la chat rdn mau trdng, tan nhieu trong

oc
KIM LOAI KIEM niidc. O nhiet do thitdng, natri cacbonat ton tgi d dang muoi ngam

iH
1. Tac dung v&i phi kim: niidc Na2CO3.10H2O, d nhiet do cao, muoi nay mat dan nu'dc ket tinh

Da
a) Tdc dung vdi oxi: trd thdnh natri cacbonat khan, ndng chdy d 850''C.

hi
2Na + O2 > NQZO-J (natri peoxit) - Na2C03 Id muoi cua axit yeu (axit cacbonic) vd cd nhffng tinh chat

nT
chung cua muoi.
4Na + O2 > 2Na20 (natri oxit)

uO
4. KALINITRAT
b) Tdc dung vdi do:

ie
- Kali nitrat (KNO3) la nhitng tinh the khdng mdu, ben trong khdng

iL
' 2K+ CI2 > 2KC1 khi, tan nhieu trong mtdc. Khi dun ndng d nhiet do cao han nhiet do

Ta
2. Tac dung v&i axit: ndng chdy (333°C), KNO3 bat dau bi phdn huy thdnh O2 vd KNO2.

s/
2Na + 2HC1 > 2NaCI + H^t 2KNO3 ^—> 2KNO2+ Oj^

up
3. Tdc dung vdi nit&c: -KNO3 ditgc dimg 1dm phan bon (phdn dam, phdn kali) vd ditcfc dimg

ro
de che tgo thudc nd (gom 68% KNO3, 15%S vd 17%C).

/g
2K + 2H2O > 2KOH + H^t om - Phdn ling chdy cua thudc sung xdy ra theo phiidng trinh:
Tit Li den Cs phdn u'ng vdi nitdc xdy ra ngay cang manh liet.
2KNO3 + 3C+ S ^—> N ^ t + 3CO2I' + K2S.
.c

MOT SO HOP CHAT QUAN TRONG CUA KIM LOAI KI^M

in. KIM LOAI KIEM THO
ok

1. NATRI HIBROXIT
1. Tdc dung v&i phi kim:
bo

Natri hidroxit tdc dung du'cfc vdi oxit axit, axit va muoi:
Kim logi kiem thd khit cdc nguyen tit phi kim thdnh ion dm
ce

CO2 + 2NaOH > Na2C03 + H2O

fa

2Mg + O2 > 2MgO

CO2 + 20H~ > COl + H2O
w.

2. Tdc dung v&i dung dich axit:

ww

HCI + NaOH > NaCI + H2O a) Vdi axit HCI, H2SO4 lodng. '

IT + OHT > H2O Mg + 2HC1 > MgCh + H^t

b) Vdi axit HNO3, H2SO4 dgc
CUSO4 + 2NaOH > NajSO^ + Cu(OH)2i
4Mg + 10 HNO3 lodng > 4Mg(N03)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O
Cif* + 20H- > Cu(OH)2i
NATRI HIDROCACBONAT 4Mg + 5H2SO4 dgc > 4MgS04 + H^St + 4H2O
3. Tdc dung v&i nif&c:
- Natri hidrocacbonat (NaHCOj) la chat rdn mau trdng, it tan trong
d nhiet do thitdng. Be khdng khit diicfc mtdc, Mg khit chdm. Cdc kim
niidc, de hi nhiet phdn huy tgo ra Na2C03 vd khi CO2 :
logi con Igi khit mgnh mtdc, gidi phdng khi hidro.
2NaHC03 Na2C03 + C O ^ t + H2O Ca + 2H2O > Ca(OH)2 + H^t
! - fA\)Nn HI^A Hnn 1 7 , -IRQ
V. MOT SO HCfP CHAT QUAN TRONG CUA CANXI - Dimg Ca(OH)2 vdi htgng vita dii trung hoa muoi axit, tgo ra ket tua
1. Canxi hidroxit: Ca(OH)2 hap thu d§ dang khi CO2: lam mat tinh ciing tgm thdi.

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 > CaCOsi + H2O Ca(HC03)2 + Ca(OH)2 > 2CaC03i+ 2H2O
Phdn ling tren thiidng ditcfc dhng de nhan biet khi CO2. - Dimg Na2C'03 (hogc Na3P04) de 1dm mat tinh ciing tgm thdi va tinh
2. Canxi cacbonat: Cling vinh ciili.

- Canxi cacbonat (CaCOs) la chat ran, mau trdng, khong tan trong Ca[HC03)2 + Na2C03 > CaC03i+ 2NaHC03
niidc, hi phan huy d nhiet do khoang 1000°C.

/
CaS04 + Na2C03 > CaC03i+ Na2S04

01
CaCOa ^—> CaO + CO2 f b) Phiidng phdp trao doi ion

oc
- O nhiet do thiidng, CaCOj tan dan trong niidc cd hoa tan khi CO2 tgo Nhiing vat lieu vd eg vd hiiu eg cd khd nang trao doi mot so ion cd

iH
ra canxi hidrocacbonat (Ca(HC03)2), chat nay chi ton tgi trong dung dich. trong thanh phdn cdu tgo cua chiing vdi cdc ion cd trong dung dich

Da
diidc ggi la vat lieu trao doi ion.
CaCOj + CO2 + H2O < > Ca(HC03)2

hi
VI. NHOM

nT
- Phdn ling tren giai thich sii tgo thanh thgch nhQ (CaCOs) trong cdc 1. Tdc dung vdi phi kim:

uO
hang da voi, can trong dm niidc,...
a) Tdc dung vdi halogen: 2A1 + 3CI2 > 2AICI3

ie
3. Canxi sunfat:
b) Tdc dung vdi oxi: 4A1 + 3O2 > AI2O3

iL
- Trong tii nhien, canxi sunfat [CaSOJ ton tgi diidi dang muoi nggm
Chii y: Nhom ben trong khong khi d nhiet do thiidng do cd mang exit

Ta
niidc CaS04.2H20 ggi la thgch cao song.
AI2O3 rat mdng vd ben bdo ve.

s/
- Khi dun nong den 160°C, thgch cao song mat mot phan niidc bien
2. Tdc dung vdi axit:

up
thanh thgch cao nung.
- Nhdm khii de dang ion IT trong dung dich HCl va H2SO4 lodng

ro
CaS04.2H20 ISO^C—> CaS04.H20 + H2O
thanh khi H2 .

/g
thgch cao song thgch cao nung
om
2A1 + 6HC1 > 2AICI3 + 3H2t
- De dieu che thgch cao khan la CaS04 thi ngii'di ta nung thgch cao
.c

song d nhiet do 350°C. - Nhdm tdc dung vdi dung dich HNO3 lodng, HNO3 dgc, ndng va
ok

H2SO4 dgc, ndng.

NlfdC ClfNG
bo

1. Khai niem: Niidc chiia nhieu ion Ca^^ va Mg^* diigc ggi Id niidc ciing- Al + 4HNO3 (lodng) > A1[N03)3 + N O t + 2H2O
ce

a) Tinh cvtng tgm thcfi la tinh ciing gay nen bdi cac muoi Ca(HC03)2 va 2A1 + 6H2SO4 (dgc) > Al2(S04)3 + 550^1+ 6H2O
fa

Mg(HC03)2. Ggi la tinh ciing tgm thdi vi khi dun soi niidc tgo ra ket tiia - Nhdm bi thu dgng vdi cdc dung dich axit HNO3 dgc, ngugi vd H2SO4
w.

CaCOj vd MgCOs nen se 1dm mat tinh ciing gay ra bdi cdc muoi nay. dgc, ngugi.
ww

3. Tdc dung vdi oxit kim logi [phdn dug nhiet nhdm)
Ca[HC03)2 — > CaC03i+ C02t + H2O
2A1 + Fe203 j{j^03 + 2Fe
Mg(HC03)2 — > MgC03i+ C O ^ t + H2O
4. Tdc dung vdi niTdc:
b) Tinh ciing vinh c^u Id tinh ciing gay nen bdi cdc muoi sunfat.
clorua cua' canxi va magie. Neu phd bd Idp oxit tren be mat nhdm (hogc tgo thanh hon hong
c) Tinh Cling todn phan gom cd tinh ciing tgm thdi va tinh ciing vinh ciiu. Al~Hg), thi nhdm se tdc dung vdi niidc d nhiet do thiidng:

2. Cdch lam mem nii&c ciing 2A1 + 6H2O > 2Al(OH)3l + 3H,f (D
a) Phiidng phdp ket tua: Nhdm khong tdc dung vdi niidc, dii d nhiet do cao Id vi tren be mat
- Dim soi niidc, cdc muoi Ca(HC03)2 vd Mg(HC03)2 bi phan huy tgo ra cua nhdm dwgc phii kin mot Idp AI2O3 rat mdng, ben vd min, khong
muoi cacbonat khong tan. De ling niidc, ggn bd ket tua diidc niidc mem. cho khi vd niidc thdm qua.
 5. Tac dung v&i dung dich kicm: B. BAI TAP AP DgNG
Khi khong con mang oxit bdo ve, nhom se tac dung vdi mtdc tqo ra V i du 1. H o a n t h a n h scf do p h a n ufng sau:
AliOH)3 va gjai phong khi H2; Al(OH)3 la hidroxit hidng tinh nen tac AICI3
dung tiep vdi dung dich kiem.
(4)
Al[OH}j + NaOH > NaAIO, + 2H2O (2)
natri ahuninat (1) (2) (3) (5)
Al- -> AI2O3 -> A1C13 -> A K O I D s -> K[A1(0H)4]

/
Phdn ling nhom tan trong dung dich kiem la: •

01
(6)

oc
2A1 + 2NaOH + 2H2O > 2NaAl02 + ^H^t

iH
6. San xuat nhom: dien phan nhom oxit nong chdy (7)
2^3 -> Na[Al(0H)4]
AI2O:

Da
2AI2O, '^P"'^ > 4A1 + 3O2 V i du 2. V i e t phiicfng t r i n h hoa hoc bieu d i l n nhiJng chuyen doi hoa hoc sau:

hi
II. MOT SO HOP CHAT QUAN TRONG CUA NHOM (1) (2)
Al -> AI2O3 -> AICI3

nT
Ba[Al(OH)4]2
1. Nhom oxit - AI2O3:

uO
ie
-AhOjtdc dung vdi dung dich axit
Na[Al(0H)4]

iL
AI2O3 + 6HC1 > 2AlClj + 3H2O V i du 3. A, B , C l a cac h o p c h a t cua m o t k i m l o a i , k h i d o t n o n g cho n g o n

Ta
AI2O3 + GH' > 2Ai'' + 3H2O lufa m a u v a n g . Xac d i n h A, B , C, D b i e t :

s/
-AI2O3 tac dung vdi dung dich kiem A + B -> C + H 2 O

up
ro
AI2O3 + 2NaOH > 2NaA102 + H2O B t° cap
-> C + H 2 O + D t

/g
AI2O3 + 2OIT > 2PAO,+H20 om D + A B hoac C (D Id hap chat cua cacbon)
2. Nhom hidroxit ~ Al(OH)3: Vi du 4. Ngiicfi t a c6 t h e d u n g muo'i n a t r i p h o t p h a t {Na3P04) de l a m m e m
.c

- Dieu che Al[OH)3: niidfc CO t i n h cufng v i n h cii'u. H a y g i a i t h i c h v a v i e t cdc p h i i o n g t r i n h

ok

hoa hoc d a n g i o n .
AICI3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O 3NH4CI
bo

> Al(OH)3i+
Vi du 5. Co 3 coc d i i n g I a n htgt: ntfcfc m i i a , nUdc c6 t i n h cufng t a m thcfi,
ce

Af^ + 3 Nil, + 3H2O -> A}(OH)3^+ 3 mi;

nUcfc CO t i n h ctTng v I n h ciiu. H a y n h a n b i e t nildc d i i n g t r o n g m 6 i coc
fa

Al(OH)3 la hidroxit hidng tinh. b a n g p h i i a n g p h a p hoa hoc. Vie't cac p h i i o n g t r i n h h o a hoc.

w.

- Tac dung vdi dung dich axit HCl: Vi du 6. L i r g n g k l i i c h i s i n h r a k h i cho dung dich H C l dac tac d u n g vdi 6,96
ww

gam M n 0 2 da oxi hoa h o a n t o a n 1dm loai M , tao r a di/gc 7,6 g a m muoi.

Al(OH)3 + 3HC1 > AICI3 + 3H2O •
H a y xac d i n h t e n ciia k i m loai M . B i e t M la m o t 1dm loai k i e m t h o .
Al(OH)3+3H' > Af* + 3H2O
V i du 7. Cho 1,67 g a m h o n h o p g o m h a i k i m l o a i cf h a i chu k y l i e n t i e p
- Tac dung vdi dung dich bazd: t h u o c n h o m H A tac d u n g h e t v d i d u n g d i c h H C l (dii), t h o a t r a 0,672 l i t

' Al(OH)3 + NaOH -> N a A i O ^ + 2H^O k h i H2 (dktc). T i m t e n hai k i m loai dem dung.
I du 8. H o a t a n 4,25 g a m m o t muo'i halogen ciia k i m l o a i k i e m vao ni/dc
Al(OH)3 + OH > AlO, + 2H2O
dirge 2 0 0 m l d u n g d i c h X. L a y 1 0 m l d u n g d i c h X cho p h a n ufng v d i m o t
Chii y: Nhom hidroxit the hien tinh baza' trgi hon tinh axit. Do c6 tin^^
li/gng dir d u n g d i c h A g N 0 3 t h u diJgc 0,7175 g a m k e t t i i a . Xac d i n h cong
axit nen no cdn c6 ten la ahuuinic. Axit ahiminic la axit rat yeu, yeu hdi^
thiJc muo'i da d i i n g v a n o n g do m o l ciia d u n g d i c h X.
axit cacbonic.
I Dl/fiNR H r i A H n n 10 - - ~

du 9. Dot nong mot hon hgfp X gom F e 2 0 3 va hot A l trong moi trifcfng
khong CO khong k h i . NhOfng chat rSn con l a i sau phan ufng, neu cho tac
dung v(Ji dung dich NaOH dii se thu dircfc 0,3 mol Ha; tac dung v6i dung
dich H C l dii se thu dtfcfc 0,4 mol H2. Hoi so mol A l trong X la bao nhieu?
: du 10. Cho m gam hon hop hot A l va Fe tac dung v6i dung dich NaOH
Vi du 17. Dua vao k h o i lugng rieng ciia cac k i m loai kiem de t i n h the tich
mol nguyen tuf cua chung cf t r a n g t h a i rSn.
Co nhan xet gi ve sg bien doi the tich mol nguyen tuf vd\g bien doi
ban k i n h nguyen tuf ciia cae nguyen to' k i m loai kiem? Giai thich.
Vi du 18. Cho 3,1 gam hon hgp hai k i m loai kiem a hai chu k i lien tiep trong
bang tuan hoan tac dung het vgi midc thu dirge 1,12 l i t H2 (dktc).

dii thay thoat ra 6,72 l i t k h i (dktc). Neu cho m gam hon hop tren tac a) Xae dinh ten hai k i m loai kiem va t i n h phan t r S m k h o i lirgng moi
k i m loai trong h6n hgp.

/
dung vdi dung dich H C l dii t h i thay thoat ra 8,96 l i t k h i (dktc). Tinh

01
b ) T i n h the tich dung dich HCl 2 M can dung de trung hoa dung dich
khoi lugng ciia A l va Fe trong h6n hop ban dau.

oc
k i e m t r e n v^ k h o i lirgng hon hgp muo'i clorua thu du'gc.
i du 11. Cho m gam X gom Na va A l vao mot liiong nifdrc d\i t h i thoat ra

iH
Vi du 19. Cho 3,9 gam k i m loai K tac dung vdi 101,8 gam nifge. T i n h nong
V l i t k h i . Neu cung cho m gam X vao dung dich N a O H dii t h i thu duoc

Da
do mol va nong do phan t r a m cua chat trong dung dich thu dirge. Biet
1,75V h t k h i . T i n h t h a n h phan phan t r a m theo k h o i lifcfng cua Na

hi
khoi lirgng rieng cua dung dich do la 1,056 g/ml.

nT
trong X (biet cdc khi do trong cung dieu kien).
Vi du 20. Sau phan ufng nhiet nhom cua h6n hgp X gom hot A l vgi Fe^Oy

uO
i du 12. Cho 2,7 gam nhom vao 200ml dung dich NaOH I M , phan ijfng thu dirge 9,39 gam chat rSn Y. Cho toan bg Y tac dung vdi dung dich

ie
xong thu di/oc dung dich A. Them ti^ ti^ 100ml dung dich HNO3 vao NaOH dir thay c6 336 m l k h i bay ra (dktc) va phan khong tan Z. De

iL
dung dich A, ket thiic phan ufng thu diigc 4,68' gam ket tiia. T i n h nong hoa tan 1/3 lirgng chat Z can 12,4 m l dung dich HNO3 65,3%

Ta
do mol dung dich HNO3 da diing? (d = l,4g/ml) va thay co k h i mau nau do bay ra.

s/
i du 13. Cho m gam k i m loai Na vao 200 gam dung dich Al2(S04)3 n6ng a) Xae d i n h eong thufe phan tuf ciia Fe^Oy.

up
do 1,71%, sau k h i ph^n ufng xong thu diroc 0,78 gam ket tua. T i n h m? b ) T i n h t h a n h phan % ve khoi lifgng ciia hot A l trong h6n hgp X ban

ro
i du 14. Cho 100 gam CaCOg tac dung hoan toan vdri dung dich H C l thu dau. Cho biet cae phan ufng xay ra hoan toan.

/g
dirge mot lifong k h i CO2. Sue \\iang k h i CO2 thu dirge vao dung dich om "i du 21. Chia 52,65 gam hSn hgp X gom Na, A l , Fe t h a n h 3 phan bSng
chila 60 gam NaOH. T i n h khoi lifgng muoi tao t h a n h . nhau. Cho phan 1 tac dung vgi nifde dif thu difge 4,48 l i t H2 (dktc). Hoa
.c

I du 15. Cho 2,8 gam CaO tac dung vdi mot lifgng nxidc lay d\S thu dirge tan phan 2 trong lirgng diT H2SO4 loang thu difgc 10,64 l i t k h i (dktc).
ok

Phdn 3 tac dung vgi 100 m l dung dich NaOH I M thu dirge dung dieh
dung dich A. Sue 1,68 l i t CO2 (dktc) vao dung dich A.
bo

Y. T i n h the tich dung dich H C l 0,5M can cho vao dung dieh Y de thu
a) T i n h khoi lugng ket tiia thu dirge.
ce

dirge 7,8 gam ket tua. Biet trong phan 1 t h i A l chira t a n het.
fa

b ) K h i dun nong dung dich A t h i khoi lirgng ket tiia thu dirge toi da la
HifdNG DAN GIAI
w.

bao nhieu?
i du 1. Phan ufng: ,
ww

i du 16. Ion Na"^ co ton t a i hay khong, neu ta thgc hien cae phan ufng
(1) 4 A i + 3O2 > 2AI2O3
hoa hoe sau:
(2) AI2O3 + 6HC1 > 2AICI3 + 3H2O
a) NaOH tac dung vdri dung dich H C l ;
(3) AICI3 + 3NaOH > A l ( 0 H ) 3 i + 3NaCl
b ) NaOH tac dung vdi dung dich CUCI2;
c) Phan huy NaHC03 bkng nhiet; (4) A1(0H)3 + 3HC1 > AICI3 + 3H2O

d ) Dien phan NaOH nong chay; (5) A1(0H)3 + K O H > K[A1(0H)4]

e) Dien phan dung dich NaOH; (6) 2A1(0H)3 AI2O3 + 3H2O
g) Dien phan NaCl nong chay; (7) AI2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O > 2Na[Al(OH)4]
Giai t h i c h cho cau t r a \b\a viet phirong t r i n h hoa hoc m i n h hoa. ^Ql DI/ONG HOA HQC 12 " 1 6 5
i d u 2. P h a n ijrng: Vi d u 7. Goi R la k i m loai hai chu k i lien tiep ciaa nhom I I A .

(1) 4Al + 3 0 2 > 2AI2O3 0,672

T a c6: n^. = = 0,03 (mol)
22,4
(2) AI2O3 + 6HC1 > 2AICI3 + 3H2O
R + 2HC1 -> RCI2 + H^t (1)
(3) AICI3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O > A1(0H)3 + 3NH4CI
(4) 2A1(0H)3 + Ba(0H)2 > Ba[Al(OH)4]2 (mol) 0,03 <- 0,03
1.67

/
(5) 2A1(0H)3 ^—> AI2O3 + 3H2O =^ M B = = 55,667 H a i k i m loai can t i m la Ca va Sr.

01
(6) AI2O3 + 2NaOH + SHgO > 2Na[Al(OH)4]

oc
« 0,03
M X + AgN03 AgX + MNO3

iH
(7) Na[Al(0H)4] + CO2 > NaHC03 + A1(0H)3
Vi d u 8. Phan ufng: 4,25 10 0,7175

Da
i d u 3 . A, B, C la hcfp chat cua mot k i m loai, k h i dot nong cho ngon lufa — — X

200 M + X 108 + X

hi
m a u vang. Vay A, B, C la hop chat ciia n a t r i .
4,25 ^ 20 X 0,7175 14,35

nT
D la chat k h i , la hop chat ciia cacbon. Vay D la CO2.
M + X • 108+ X 108 + X

uO
B la NaHCOg, C la Na2C03. Vay A la NaOH.

ie
Phan ufng: Bang bien luan:

iL
NaOH + NaHCOg > Na2C03 + H2O X C I (35,5) Br (80) I(127)

Ta
M < 0 < 0
2NaHC03 ^° > Na2C03 + H2O + CO2 7

s/
Vay nghiem hop l i : X la clo (CI) va M la l i t i (Li)

up
CO2 + NaOH > NaHC03
=> cong thufc phan tuf: LiCl.

ro
CO2 + 2NaOH > Na2C03 + H2O

/g
i d u 4. Ion PO4" ket hop vdi nhOrng ion Ca^"^ va Mg^"^ t h a n h nhOfng hop Vi d u 9. Phan ufng:
om
chat khong tan: Fe203 + 2A1
.c

-> AI2O3 + 2Fe (1)

3Ca'" + 2POf > Ca3(P04)2
ok

(mol) 9 ?
? 0,2
bo

3Mg'^ + 2 P O ^ - > Mg3(P04)2 K h i cho chat r a n gom AI2O3, Fe va Ala,, tac dung vdfi dung dich NaOH
ce

i d u 5. Co the nhan biet nhif sau: chi c6 A l cho H2.

fa

- D u n soi 3 o n g nghiem diing 3 loai ni/dc. N e u c6 ket tua, do la niidc cc 2Aldu + 6H2O f 2NaOH 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2t (2)
w.

t i n h cufng tam thori. Con lai la niidc c6 t i n h cijfng vinh c\iu va niTdfc mifa.
(mol) 0,2
ww

<- 0,3
- D u n g d u n g dich Na2C03 se nhan biet dufcfc nUcfc c6 t i n h cufrig v i n i i
Khi cho chat rka tAc dung vcfi dung dich HCl, chi Fe va A l du tao H2.
ciJu. Con l a i la niidrc m\ia.
i d u 6. Phan ijfng: Fe + 2HC1 > FeCla + H2t (3)

. 4HC1+ M n O s > MnCh + 2H2O + CI2 (1^ (mol) X - > X

M + CI2 ^ ^ MCI2 (2) 2A1 + 6HC1 > 2AICI3 + 3H2t (4)

T i m so mol CI2 tham gia vao phan i^ng (2) (n^,^ = ^Mno^) (mol) 0,2 ^ 0,3
Theo (2): 1 mol CI2 sinh n (x + 71) gam MCI2 Theo (3) va (4): x + 0,3 = 0,4 ^ x = 0,1 (mol)
Theo de: 0,08 mol CI2 sinh r a 7,6 gam MCI2 n = n + n,, = 0,1 + 0,2 = 0,3 (mol).
Al b a n dau • ' ^ p h a i i ling ^Khl
= > X = 24 (gam). Vay M 1^ k i m loai magie (Mg). 'I D I / S N G HiiA Hnni7
 Triictng hcfp 1: NaAlOa duT, H N O 3 thieu:
'i d u 10. Ta c6: riH^^, = = 0,3 (mol)
NaAlOz + H N O 3 + H2O > A l ( O H ) 3 i + NaN03
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6H2O > 2Na[Al(OH)4] + SHat (i) (mol) 0,06 0,06 ^ 0,06
(mol) 0,2 <r- 0,3 ^ Z ^ H N O y = 0,1 + 0,06 = 0,16 (mol)
Tii (1) =i> H A I = 0,2 (mol) =i> m A i = 0,2 x 27 = 5,4 (gam)
8 96 ^ C M = = 1,6 (M)

Ma nH^,2)vM3, = ^ = 0 , 4 (mol). +) Triictng help 2: NaAlOa phan iJfng het tao ket tiia vk ket tiia bi tan bcrt

/
2A1 + 6HC1 > 2AICI3 + SHat (2)

01
NaAlOa + H N O 3 + H2O > A l ( 0 H ) 3 i + NaN03
(mol) 0,2 ^ 0,3

oc
(mol) 0,1 0,1 ^ 0,1

iH
Fe + 2HC1 > FeCla + Hgt (3)
Al(OH)3 + 3HNO3 > A1(N03)3 + 3H2O

Da
(mol) 0,1 <r- 0,1
(mol) (0,1 - 0,06) 0,12

hi
TLT (2) va (3) ^ npe = 0,1 (mol) ^ mpe = 0,1 x 56 = 5,6 (gam),
^ Z^HNO, = 0,1 + 0,1 + 0,12 = 0,32 (mol)

nT
d u 1 1 . Gia suf h5n hop X chijfa 1 mol Na va x mol A l .

uO
2Na + 2H2O > 2NaOH + Hat
= ^ = 3 , 2 ( M )

ie
-C,,HN03,
(mol) 1 ^ 1 0,5

iL
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6H2O > 2Na[Al(OH)4] + SHgt Vi d u 1 3 . Dau t i e n : 2Na + 2H2O > 2NaOH + H2t

Ta
(mol) X -> l,5x

s/
Sau do NaOH tac dung v6i muoi nhom:
Ta c6:(0,5 + 1,5) = 2 (mol) Hg tifcrng (jfng vdri the tich V.

up
200 X 1,71% nA W n A no
(0,5 + l,5x) (mol) H2 tifcfng ijfng vori the tich 1,75V. n , , = = 0,01 mol) => = 0,02

ro
,3^

Ai,(so,)^ 342 Ai^^

/g
=> T i le: ^'^ ^'^"^ = 1,75 =^ x = 2 (mol) A l . A no
2
om
Al(OH)g 78 Ai^^
23
.c

Vdy, %m^^ = T ^ T T — T T ^ T T - T T ^ l^^^^ = 29,87%.

23 + 27 X 2
ok

=> CO hai triicfng hop

bo

d u 1 2 . Ta c6: n^^ = ^ = 0 , 1 (mol); n^^_ = n^,o^= 0,2 (mol); +) TrUtng hap 1: k\^* dtf
ce

Al^" + 3 0 H ' -^Al(OH)

3
fa

2A1 + 2NaOH + 2H2O > 2NaA102 + 3H2t (1)

(mol 0,01 0,03 0,01
w.

(mol) 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,15

ww

HNa = nNaOH = n^j^ = 0,03 (mol) ^ m = 0,03 x 23 = 0,69 (gam)

^ % a O H d . r = 0 ' 2 - 0 , l = 0,l(mol)

Tradng hap 2: het

K h i them HNO3 vao: do c6 n^^^^^^ = = 0,06 (mol)
A P + 30H- ^Al(OH)g
Nen ngoai phan ufng:
(mol) 0,02 ^ 0,06 0,02
NaOH + HNO3 > NaNOa + H2O
Al (OH)g + OH" > AlO^ + 2H2O
(mol) 0,1 0,1
Con CO phan ufng tao A1(0H)3 (mol) 0,01 0,01
^ nNa = n = 0,06 + 0,01 = 0,07 (mol) ^m = 0,07 x 23 = 1,61 (gam)
Do Hj^^jQ = 0,1 > n^j^Q^^ thu difcfc men c6 hai trifcfng hop: OH
Bfii DUQMG HOA HOC 12 169
RR BOi DUSNG HOA HOC 12
V i du 14. Ta c6: 11,,.™,= w = ^ "^NaOH = ^ = 1,5 (mol)
Vi du 16.
lUU 40 a) CO, v i NaO H + H C l > NaCl + H2O
CaCOs + 2HC1 > CaCls + CO 2 T + HgO b) CO, V] 2NaOH + CuCla > 2NaCl + C u ( 0 H ) 2 i
(mol) 1 1
c) CO, v i 2NaHC03 ^-—> NaaCOa + H2O + CO2T
Lap t i so: 1 < = ^ < 2 => sau phan ufng thu diioc 2 muoi:
d) khong, v i 4NaOH ^ — > 4Na + 0 2 ! + 2H2O

CO2 + N aOH NatlCOs e) CO, v i 2H2O (ddNaOH, —^^-^ 2H2 + 0 2 t

/
01
(mol) X X X 5 g ) khong, v i 2NaCl ^ — > 2Na + Clat

oc
CO2 + 2NaOH > NaaCOg + H 2 O Vi du 17. K h o i li/gng rieng ciia Na la 0,97g/cm^.

f f

iH
00
23 gam Na c6 the tich la: - ™ = 23,71 (cm^).

Da
(mol) y

hi
T i n h tiJcfng tiT vdri cac k i m loai L i , K,.Rb, Cs.
Theo de bai, ta c6 he phtfcfng t r i n h :

nT
Nhdn xet: ban k i n h nguyen t i i tang dan, the tich mol tang dan.
x + y = l,5

uO
y :=> X = 0,5 (mol), y = 1 (mol) Gidi thich: K h i ban k i n h nguyen ttf tang dan, the tich nguyen tii

ie
X + ^ = 1 tang dan, so nguyen ttf trong 1 mol k i m loai la nhtf nhau nen the tich
2

iL
mol tang.
Vay: m^^^^Q^ = 84 x 0,5 = 42 (gam)

Ta
Vi du 18. a) Phan ting: 2 M + 2H2O ^> 2 M 0 H + H 2 t

s/
™Na,co, = X 0,5 = 53 (gam) Ta c6: n - - = 2 n „ = 2 x = 0,1 (mol)

up
M 22,4
=^ K h o i lirgng muoi n a t r i thu dUcfc la: 42 + 53 = 95 (gam).

ro
:^ M = ^ = 31 (dvC) => hai k i m loai la N a va K

/g
V i du 15. Ta c6: ncao - ^ = 0,05 (mol) va n^o = ^ = 0,075 (mol) om 0,1
56 2 22,4
b) Ta c6: n =n - , = n - = 0,1 (mol)
.c

OH" MOH M
a) CaO + H 2 O > Ca(0H)2
O H " + iV > H2O
ok

(mol) 0,05 0,05

bo

T . . ^ "co,, ,0,075 , , „ => n =n = 0 , 1 (mol) =^ V , u HPI = = 0,05 (lit) hay 50ml.

Lap t i le: 1 < = =1,5 < 2
ce

H OH" clung dich H C l 2

nca(OH,, 0,05
fa

Vi du 19. Phan tfng: 2 K + 2H2O > 2K0H + H2t

Nhir vay, sau phan ijfng tab t h a n h 2 muoi
w.

3^
Ta c6: n^^^^ - ~ ^ 0,1 (mol) ufng vdi 5,6 (gam)
ww

CO2 + Ca(0H)2 > CaC03;+ H2O 39

(mol) 0,05 0,05 0,05
nidungdich = n i K + ni - m„ = 3,9 + 101,8 - 2 x = 105,6 (gam)
CaCOs + CO2 + H2O > Ca(HC03)2 2 2 ^
Q
(mol) 0,025 (0,075 - 0,05) 0,025
> C%dung d:ch KOH = TZT^ X 100% = 5,3%
• ^ m,„,„^ = 100.(0,05 - 0,025) - 2,5 (gam) 105,6
b ) K h i dun ndng dung dich:
V, = = 100 (ml) = 0,1 (lit)
Ca(HC03)2 > CaC03 4 . + C 0 2 t + H 2 O dung dich IQQQ
(mol) 0,025 0,025
l^^y-- c^^^,^, = | i = i ( M ) .
Vay k h i dun nong, khoi liigrng ket tua thu difgrc t d i da la 5 gam.
70 nni nirfiMfi H f i a Hnn 19 ' Dl/flNG HOA HOC 12 W
V i du 20.
+) Phan 2 tac dung vcJi dung dich H 2 S O 4 loang:
a ) Sau phan ufng nhiet nhom, h5n hap Y thu dugc tac dung NaOH du
' 2 N a + H2SO4 > Na2S04 + Hgt
C O k h i H2 bay ra, vay trong Y con A l dtf (FexOy het )
(mol) 0,1 0,05
2yAl + SFe^Oy — > yAl203 + 3 x F e (1) 2A1 + 3H2SO4 > Al2(S04)3 + 3 H 2 t
2A1 + 2 N a O H + 2H2O > 2NaA102 + 3H2 (2) (mol) y l,5y
Phdn khong t a n Z (la Fe) tac dung H N O 3 dac. Fe + H2SO4 > FeS04 + H 2 t

/
Fe + 6 H N O 3 > Fe(N03)3 + SNOg + SHgO (3) (mol) z z

01
=j> 0,05 + l,5y + z = 0,475 => l,5y + z = 0,425 (1)
12,4 x 1,4 65,3

oc
Ta C O : n
UNO,, X — = 0,18 (mol) Mat khac: 23 x 0,1 + 27y + 56z = 17,55 ^ 27y + 56z = 15,25 (2)
63 100

iH
Giai he (1) va (2), ta dtfcfc; y = 0,15 (mol); z = 0,2 (mol).

Da
0,18
J^Fe sail n h i e t p h a n — 3 x n p e tham gia (3) — 3 X = 0,09 (mol) +) Phan 3 tac dung v d i dung dich NaOH :

hi
6
Ta c6: n N a O H ban dsii = 0,1 (mol)

nT
2 2 0 336
Theo phan ufng (2) => n ^ x n,, = x — = 0,01 (mol) 2 N a + 2H2O > 2NaOH + Hat

uO
dir= — —

3 3 22,4 (mol) 0,1 0,1

ie
K h o i lucfng AI2O3 trong Y = 9,39 - (56.0,09) - (27 x 0,01) = 4,08 (gam)

iL
=> SnNaOH = 0,2 (mol)
n,.. 3x _ 0 ^ ^ 3
TCf phan ufng (1) ta c6:

Ta
Al + NaOH + 3H2O -> N a [ A l ( 0 H ) 4 ] + - H 2 t
n, 0,04 ^ y ~ 4 2

s/
(mol) 0,15 0,15 0,15

up
C6ng thiJc phan tuf cua exit sSt: Fe304.
NaOH + H C l — NaCl + H2O

ro
b) Phan ufng: 8A1 + 3Fe304 -> 4AI2O3 + 9Fe (4)
(mol) 0,05 0,05
(mol) 0,08 0,03 0,04
/g
om
^ "AKOID, ^ < "NK|AI(()II),I= O'lS =^ trUcfng hgp:
^ nAi con = 0,01 (mol)
.c

Tru-ofng hofp 1: N a [ A l ( 0 H ) 4 ] con, H C l het

H6n hop X ban dau c6: m A i = 27(0,08 + 0,01) = 2,43 (gam)
ok

Na[Al(0H)4] + H C l > A l ( 0 H ) 3 i + NaCl + HgO

m,.,^o = 232 X 0,03 = 6,96 (gam).
bo

(mol) 0,1 0,1

ce

=> % A 1 = 25,88%. 0,05 + 0,1

fa

V, = 0,3 (lit) = 300 (ml)

10,64 clung dich I I C l Q g
Vi du 2 1 . Ta c6: n „ = 0,2 (mol); n „ , , , = = 0,475 (mol)
w.

. 22,4 Tru-ofng htfp 2 : N a [ A l ( 0 H ) 4 ] het, H C l con

ww

+) Phan 1 tac dung v6i H 2 O :

N a [ A l ( 0 H ) 4 l + HCl > A l ( 0 H ) 3 i + NaCl + H2O

Na + H2O NaOH + -Hat (mol) 0,15 0,15 0,15

2 HCl dtr, hoa tan mot phan ket tua
(mol) X X 0,5x ^ nAu«H,u„ tan = 0 , 1 5 - 0 , 1 = 0,05 (mol)

A l + NaOH + 3H2O — Na[Al(0H)4] + - H a t A1(0H)3 + 3HC1 AICI3 + 3H2O

2
(mol) 0,05 0,15
(mol) X l,5x
V (lung . 0,15 . 0,15 ^ , 0 0 (ml).
0,5x + l , 5 x = 0,2 => X = 0,1 (mol) dich H C l
0,5
172 Bdl Dl/dNG HOA HOC 12
BNG HOA HOC 12 173
 p a i 6. ( X ) l a h o n horp h a i k i m l o a i k i e m A , B thuoc h a i c h u k i k e t i e p .
C. B A IT A P N A N G C A O
a ) N e u cho (X) p h a n ufng viia du v 6 i V i l i t d u n g d i c h H C l r o i co c a n t h i
B a i 1 . H o a t a n h e t 14,7 g a m h 6 n hcrp g o m 2 k i m l o a i k i e m ( n h o m l A ) thupc
difoc a g a m h 6 n hcrp muo'i clorua k h a n , con n e u t a c d u n g vira d i i v 6 i V2
h a i chu k i l i e n t i e p t r o n g b a n g t u a n h o a n vao 146 g a m d u n g d i c h H Q |
:t d u n g d i c h H2SO4 r o i c6 c a n t h i dugc b g a m muo'i s u n f a t k h a n . L a p
15%, t h u dugc d u n g d i c h X c6 k h o i l u g n g t a n g 14,2 g a m so v d i khoj
"bieu thufc t i n h t o n g so m o l h a i k i m l o a i c6 t r o n g ( X ) t h e o a, b.
lu'gng d u n g d i c h H C l b a n d a u .
b ) N e u cho (X) tac dung vori h o n h g p g o m 0,5Vi l i t d u n g dich H C l va
a ) Xac d i n h t e n h a i k i m loai.
0,5V2 l i t dung d i c h H2SO4 cf t r e n r o i c6 c a n t h i t h u dtfgc c g a m h 6 n h g p cac
b ) T i n h n o n g do p h a n t r a m ciia cac c h a t t r o n g d u n g d i c h X.
muo'i clorua v a sunfat k h a n ciia A , B. H a y l a p bieu thufc t i n h c theo a, b.
B a i 2. Cho hcfi niidc d i q u a t h a n n u n g do t h u dLfgc h 6 n h o p k h i X g o m CO

/
P a l 7. Cho 5,64 g a m h o n h g p K2CO3 v a K H C O 3 vao m o t t h e t i c h t i n h trq6c

01
H2 v a CO2. C h i a X t h a n h h a i p h a n b a n g n h a u . C h o p h a n 1 t a c d u n g vai
cua dung d i c h chufa Na2C03 v a NaHCOa de t h u dugc 600 m l d u n g dich A .

oc
d u n g d i c h C a ( 0 H ) 2 d i i , t h a y c6 7,5 g a m k e t t i i a x u a t h i e n . D a n p h a n 2 Chia A t h a n h ba p h a n bang nhau:

iH
d i q u a o n g d i f n g h o t CuO diT, n u n g n o n g t h i k h o i liJcfng c h a t r a n trong
Cho tii tU 100 m l d u n g d i c h H C l vao p h a n thuf n h a t t h a y t h o a t r a

Da
o'ng g i a m 4 g a m . T i n h k h o i liJcfng H2 t r o n g X.
448 m l k h i ( d k t c ) v a t h u diigc d u n g d i c h B . Cho d u n g d i c h B p h a n ufng

hi
B a i 3 . H o a t a n h e t 6,235 g a m h 6 n h o p A g o m F e C 0 3 , BaCOa v a Na2C0;, vdri nu'6c v o i d\i t h a y x u a t h i e n 2,5 g a m k e t t u a . P h a n thuf 2 t a c d u n g

nT
t r o n g 15 g a m d u n g d i c h H N O 3 6 3 % . K e t t h u c p h a n iVng t h u duoc vCia h e t v d i 150 m l d u n g d i c h N a O H 0 , 1 M . C h o d u n g d i c h H B r d i i tac

uO
d u n g d i c h B c6 k h o ' i l i / g n g t a n g 3,795 g a m v a h 6 n hcrp k h i C. H a p d u n g vdfi p h a n thuf ba, sau do d u n d u n g d i c h d e n c a n k h o , c a n di/gc

ie
thu t o a n bo l u g n g k h i C v a o 6 0 0 m l d u n g d i c h B a ( 0 H ) 2 0 , 1 M (dm 8,125 g a m c h a t r a n k h a n . ,

iL
t h u diicfc 8,865 g a m k e t t u a . L o c t a c h k e t t i i a , d e m c6 c a n nifdfc loc t h u a ) T i n h n o n g do cac cha't t r o n g d u n g d j c h A .

Ta
difgc m g a m c h a t r ^ n k h a n . b ) T i n h n o n g do H C l da d u n g .

s/
a ) T i n h n o n g do p h a n t r a m cac chat t r o n g dung dich B v a gia t r i ciia m . B a i 8. H o a t a n h o a n t o a n 11,2 g a m C a O v a o nifdrc t a dugc d u n g d i c h A .

up
b ) N u n g 62,35 g a m h 6 n h o p A t r o n g k h o n g k h i d e n k h o i lu'qng khong

ro
a ) N e u cho k h i CO2 sue qua d u n g d i c h A k e t t h u c t h a y t h i n g h i e m c6

/g
d o i t h u diicfc c h a t r&n D . H o a t a n D vao niJcfc du' r o i loc bo p h a n chat om 2,5 g a m k e t t u a t h i c6 bao n h i e u l i t CO2 da p h a n ufng?
r a n k h o n g t a n t h u difcfc ntfcfc Ipc E. N h o tU tuf 375 m l d u n g d i c h H C l I M b ) N e u h o a t a n h o a n t o a n 2 8 , 1 g a m h o n h g p MgCOa v a B a C 0 3 c6
.c

vao E t h o a t r a V l i t k h i ( d k t c ) . T i n h g i a t r i ciia V . t h a n h p h a n t h a y d o i ( t r o n g do chufa a% MgCOs) b a n g d u n g d i c h H C l r o i

ok

3 a i 4 . Sau p h a n ufng n h i e t n h o m ciia h 6 n h o p X g o m h o t A l vdri FexOy tl'^i cho t a t ca k h i s i n h r a h a p t h u vao d u n g d i c h A t h i diigc k e t t i i a D . H o i

bo

dtfcfc 9,39 g a m c h a t r a n Y . Cho t o a n bo Y tac d u n g v 6 i d u n g d i c h NaOH -fi^'vdri g i a t r i n a o ciia a t h i lu'gng k e t t i i a D n h i e u nha't?

ce

dif t h a y c6 336 m l k h i b a y r a (dktc) v a p h a n k h o n g t a n Z. De h o a t n n B a i 9 . Cho ba k i m l o a i X , Y , Z c6 k h o i l i f g n g p h a n t i i theo t i le 12 : 14 : 29.

fa

1/3 l u g n g c h a t Z c a n 12,4 m l d u n g d i c h H N O 3 6 5 , 3 % (d = l , 4 g / m l ) va T i so m o l t r e n l a 1 : 2 : 3. K l i i cho m o t lirgng k i m l o a i X b a n g I d i o i lirgng

w.

t h a y CO k h i m a u n a u do b a y r a . CO t r o n g 24,45 g a m h o n h g p ba k i m loai t r e n tac d u n g vcri H2O t a dirge

ww

a ) X a c d i n h c o n g thufc p h a n tijf ciia Fe^Oy. 1,12 l i t H2 (dktc). T i m X, Y , Z.

^ a i 1 0 . H o a t a n a g a m h o n h g p Na2C03 v a K H C O 3 v a o nirdrc de diigc
b ) T i n h t h a n h p h a n % ve k h o i l i j g n g cua h o t A l t r o n g h o n h o p X ban
400 m l d u n g d j c h A . C h o t i i t i f 100 m l d u n g d j c h H C l 1 , 5 M vao dung
dau. C h o b i e t cac p h a n ufng x a y r a h o a n t o a n .
djch A , dirge d u n g d j c h B v a 1,008 l i t k h i ( d k t c ) . C h o B t a c d u n g vdri
5ai 5. C h i a 52,65 g a m h o n h o p X g o m N a , A l , Fo t h a n h 3 p h a n b a n g nhau
B a ( 0 H ) 2 dir t h u dirge 29,55 g a m k e t t i i a .
Cho p h a n 1 t a c d u n g vdfi nUdc d u t h u dugc 4,48 l i t H2 ( d k t c ) . H o a tan
a ) T i n h a.
p h a n 2 t r o n g l u g n g dii H 2 S O 4 l o a n g t h u difoc 10,64 l i t k h i ( d k t c ) . Phan
3 t a c d u n g vdri 100 m l d u n g d i c h N a O H I M t h u dirgo d u n g d i c h Y . T i n ' ' b ) T i n h n o n g do m o l cac i o n t r o n g d u n g d j c h A .

t h e t i c h d u n g d i c h H C l 0 , 5 M c a n cho vao d u n g d i c h Y de t h u du'o'^' c ) Ngircri t a l a i n h o tii tii d u n g d i c h A vao b i n h d q n g 100 m l d u n g d j c h

7,8 g a m k e t t i i a . B i e t t r o n g p h a n 1 t h i A l chiTa t a n h e t . HCl 1,5M. T i n h t h e t i c h CO2 ( d k t c ) da s i n h r a .

74 Bm DUfiNfi HrtA Hnn 12
 ai 15. Tien hknh phdn ufng nhiet nh6m vdi Fe203 trong dieu k i g n k h o n g
l i 1 1 . Nung nong mot hon hop bot gom A l va Fe304 trong m o i trtfdng
c6 khong k h i , cho biet chi c6 phan ufng khuf Fe203 thanh Fe. Chia h 6 n
khong C O khong k h i de phan uTng xay ra hoan toan. San pham thu difgc
hgp t h u dugc sau phan ufng th&nh hai phan hhng nhau:
neu cho tac dung v<Ji dung dich NaOH diT t h i t h u dugc 0,336 l i t k h i
(dktc), neu cho tac dung vdri dung dich H N O 3 diX t h i t h u difgc 100 ml Phan 1 : Cho tac dung vcfi dung dich NaOH dH thu dtfgc 1,68 l i t H2 (dktc).

dung dich A va 0,728 l i t (dktc) k h i NO duy nhat. Phan 2: Hoa t a n het bSng dung dich HNO3 loang thu dirge 3,36 l i t k h i bay

a) Viet phiiorng t r i n h phan ufng xay ra t i n h t h a n h phan phan tram ra (dktc). Khoi lirgng Fe thu dirge sau phan ufng nhiet nhom la bao nhieu?
theo kho'i liicfng cac chat trong h6n hop ban dau. ai 16. Nung h5n hgp (A) gom A l v ^ Fe203 ( H = 100%) va khong c6 khong

/
b ) De t h u difcfc lifgrng ket tua Idm nhat c6 trong dung dich A, ngdbi ta khi, ta dirge h6n hgp (B). Cho h6n hgp (B) tac dung dii vdri dung dich

01
oc
phai diing het 400 m l dung dich NaOH 0,5M. Hay t i n h nong do mol cua H2SO4 loang thu dirge 2,24 l i t (dktc). Neu cho h6n hgp (B) tac dung dung

iH
dung dich HNO3 c6 trong dung dich A. dich NaOH diT, phan con l a i khong tan nang 13,6 gam. Tinh khoi lirgng

Da
i i 12. Co mot h6n hcfp X gom 2 k i m loai kiem A va B thuoc hai chu k i ciia cac chat trong h5n hgp (A), (B).

hi
lien tiep nhau. ai 17, Cho h6n hgp (A) gom A l v ^ Fe203. Nung (A) trong moi trirdfng kin'

nT
a) Neu cho hon hcrp X tac dung viTa dii vori dung dich HCl (V; lit dung dich) khi den khoi liTgng khong doi, thu dirge h6n hgp (B). H6a t a n (B) trong

uO
roi C O can thu difgc a gam hSn hcfp muoi clorua khan, con neu cho tac dung ing dieh H2SO4 loang, thu dirge 2,24 l i t k h i (dktc). M a t khac, neu cho

ie
vi^a du vdri dung dich H2SO4 {V2 lit dung dich) roi c6 can t h i thu diicfc

iL
B) tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH dir t h i sau phan ufng van c5n 8,8 gam
b gam h6n hgfp muoi sunfat khan.

Ta
chat r ^ n khong tan.

s/
b ) Neu cho hon hdp X tac dung vdi 1/2 V i l i t dung dich HCl va 1/2 V2 lit
Xac d i n h phan t r a m theo k h 6 l lirgng m6i chat trong h5n hgp (A) v ^ h5n

up
dung dich H2SO4 da dCing cf t r e n r o i c6 can thu dugc c gam hon hgp cac
hgp(B).

ro
muoi clorua va sunfat khan cua A va B. Cho b = 1,1807a
Bai 18. M o t h6n hgp M gom M g va MgO dirge chia t h a n h h a i phan bang

/g
Hay t i m k i m loai c6 trong X , biet rkng ii le so mol giiifa A va B la 1 : 2.
nhau. Cho phan 1 tac dung het vdi dung dich HCl thu dirge 3,136 l i t k h i
om
li 13. Lay 26,8 gam hon hcfp gom A l va Fe203 thiic hien hoan toan phan
.c

(do d dktc). Co can dung dich va l a m kho t h i thu dirge 14,25 gam chat
ijfng nhiet nhom, t h u difcJc chat rSn A, cho chat r d n nay hoa t a n hoan
ok

r a n A. Cho phan 2 tae dung het vdri dung dich HNO3 thi' t h u dirge
toan trong dung dich H C l dii thay thoat ra 11,2 l i t k h i H2 (dktc). Hay
bo

xac dinh t h a n h phan % cac chat trong h6n hgp. 0,448 l i t k h i X nguyen eha't (do or dktc). Co can dung dieh vk Ikm kho
ce

i 14. Nung m gam hon hgp A gom hot A l va Fe304 mot thcfi gian thu t h i thu dirge 23 gam chat r a n B.
fa

a) Xac dinh t h a n h phan phan t r a m theo khoi lirgng ciia m6i cha't trong
w.

diigc chat rSn (B). De hoa t a n het (B) can V m l dung dich H2SO4 0,7M.
ww

Sau phan ufng t h u difgc dung dich (C) vk 9,846 l i t k h i (do d 1,5 atm, h6n hgp M .
27°C). Cho dung dich NaOH vao dung dich (C) den dii thu dirge k e t tiia b ) Xac d i n h cong thufe phan tuf eua k h i X.
(D). Nung (D) trong chan khong cho den khoi lugng khong doi thu diicfc
Bai 19. T r g n 10,8 gam hot A l vdi 34,8 gam hot Fe304 r o i t i e n h a n h phan
44 gam chat rSn (E).
ufng nhiet nhom. Gia suf luc do chi xay ra phan ufng khijf oxit sit thanh
Cho 50 gam h6n hgp X gom CO va CO2 qua ong suf diing (E) nung nong-
sat. Hoa t a n hoan toan h6n hgp eha't r d n sau phan ufng bkng dung dich
Sau k h i (E) phan ufng het t h u diigc hSn hgp k h i (Y) c6 khoi Itrgng gap
H2SO4 20% (d = 1,15 g/ml) t h i t h u duge 10,752 l i t hidro (dktc). T i n h
1,208 Ian k h o i liigng cua (X).
hieu sua't phan ufng nhiet nhom v a the tich dung dieh H2SO4 t o i thieu
a) T i n h % k h o i lagng cdc chat trong B.
ean dijng.
b) Tinh m, V.
HlDUaNG H(iA Hnn 12 1"
 HlfdNG DAN GIAI pai 2. Phan ufng:

5ai 1. a) Ta c6: nncibandlu = }'^^ ^ |f _ = 0,6 (mol). '

C + H2O — > CO + H2 (1)

36,5 X 100 (mol) X X

-^nidung dich tSng = nikim loai "

C + 2H2O ~ — > CO2 + 2H2 (2)
=> m^^ = m k i - Amdung dich tang = 14,7 - 14,2 = 0,5 (gam)
(mol) y 2y
(hoac : m j u n g dich x = 146 + 14,2 = 160,2 (gam)
+) i x + Ca(0H)2: Chi c6 CO2 phan uTng:

/
n i k i m loai + ntldung dich HCl = ^Idung dich X + Hlj^^

01
CO2 + Ca(0H)2 > CaCOgl + HgO

oc
m^^^ = m k i m loai + mdung dich HCl - mdung dich X
(mol) 0,075 0,075

iH
= 14,7 + 146 - 160,2 = 0,5 (gam)

Da
0 5
^ ^ = 0,075 ^ y - 0,15 (mol)

hi
=> n„ = = 0,25 (mol) =^ 2 n „ = 0,5 (mol) < HHCI ban diu =^ A x i t HCl

nT
dii nen chi c6 phan ufng k i m loai vdfi axit, khong c6 phan ufng k i m loai
+) i x + CO: Chi CO CO, H2 phan ufng:

uO
v6i nifdc. 2

ie
Thay hai k i m loai k i e m b^ng mot k i m loai ttfong diiong A .
CuO + CO — > Cu + CO2

iL
Phan ufng:

Ta
(mol) x/2 x/2
2A + 2HC1 > 2ACI + Hgt

s/
(mol) 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,25 CuO + H2 > Cu + H 2 O

up
^ A = = 29,4 (gam/mol) x + 2y X + 2y

ro
0,5 (mol)

Theo t i n h chat trung b i n h : A i = 23 (Na) < A = 29,4 < A2 = 39 (K). /g

om
=> Am - 1 6 ( - + ^ ^ ^ ^ ) = 4 ^ x = 0,1 (mol)
b) Goi a, b Ian liigt la so mol cua Na va K. Ta c6 he: 2 2
.c
ok

a + b = 0,5 Ja = 0,3 => = (0,1 + 2 X 0,15) X 2 = 0,8 (gam).

bo

23a + 39b = 14,7 ^ [ b = 0,2

Bai 3. a) m,^^^ ^ ^ Q ^ , = 6,235 - 3,795 = 2,44 (gam)
ce

Na ^ dung dich H C l ^ ^ ^ ^
fa

BaCOs + 2 H N O 3 > Ba(N03)2 + COzt + H2O

(mol) 0,3 0,3
w.

+ dung dich H C l ^ j^^j (mol) X 2x X X

ww

(mol) 0,2 - 0,2 Na2C03 + 2HNO3 > 2NaN03 + COgt + H2O

TCr (*) ^ nHci du = 0,6 - (0,3 + 0,2) = 0,1 (mol) (mol) y 2y 2y y
Nong do phan trSm cua cac chat trong dung dich X l a : FeC03 + 4 H N O 3 > Fe(N03)3 + NO2T + COgt + 2H2O
58,5 x 0,3 x 100%
(mol) z 4z z z z

C%Naci = — - ~ - = 10,955% => 44(x + y + x) + 46z = 2,44

160,2 CO2 + Ba(0H)2 > BaCOgi + H2O

C%„e, = " " ^""^^ = 9,301%
160^2 (mol) 0,045 0,045 0,045
= > X + y + z = 0,045.