REVIEW OF HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULVERTS ON MEENSURUTTI – CHIDAMBARAM NH 227

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Sr. Description Page

No. Number
1 Main Objective & Scope of Work 2
2 General Description of the Project Site 4
3 Data Collection and Data Analysis 4
4 Hydrological and Hydraulic Studies for 5
Culverts
5 Summary & Recommendations 8
6 References 10

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REVIEW OF HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULVERTS ON MEENSURUTTI – CHIDAMBARAM NH 227

REVIEW OF HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRAULIC STUDIES CULVERTS ON

MEENSURUTTI – CHIDAMBARAM NH – 227 IN THE STATE OF TAMIL
NADU
1. INTRODUCTION & SCOPE OF WORK
The Two Laning with Paved Shoulders of Meensurutti to Chidambaram Section from
Ch. 98.433 km to Ch. 129.965 km of NH – 227 on Hybrid Annuity mode under
Bharatmala Pariyojana phase – I in Tamil Nadu State has been awarded Sunway
Construction Sdn Bhd – RNS Infrastructure Ltd (Consortium). The Design
Consultant M/s Sper Infra Consultants Private Ltd. has conducted the studies on the
Hydrology of the culverts and a report was submitted vide doc. no.
NH227/SIC/STR/BC/HR/DC/101 in the month of March 2022. The Concessionaire
wishes to have an independent review on the hydrological & hydraulic studies
conducted for the culverts and hence requested M/s Prime Consulting Group based
at Gurugram to carry out an independent analysis and submit the review report.

The main objective of the hydrological and hydraulic study is to determine the
required size of drainage structures to allow the estimated design flow of the
streams to cross the road safely, and to check whether waterways of existing
structures are sufficient to transmit the flow without risk so that appropriate
decisions could be taken concerning their rehabilitation.

The scope of Work is to review the Detailed Hydrological Report for the New
Culverts for National Highway from Meensurutti – Chidambaram Section of
NH-227 in the State of Tamil Nadu.

The above scope is to be carried out for the following number of culverts as listed
below in Table 1:

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REVIEW OF HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULVERTS ON MEENSURUTTI – CHIDAMBARAM NH 227

Table 1: List of New Culverts to be reviewed

Sr. Design Proposed Type of Span proposed as per Schedule B

No. Chainage Type of Construction
Structure Vent, nos. Length, m Height, m

1 106.150 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 2.00

2 107.505 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 4.00
3 109.839 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 1.50
4 110.210 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 1.50
5 111.816 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 2.00
6 112.101 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 2.50
7 112.242 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 2.50
8 112.820 Box Culvert New 1 5.00 2.00
9 112.954 Box Culvert New 1 4.00 2.50
10 113.108 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 2.50
11 113.221 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 2.00
12 114.040 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 2.00
13 114.544 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 2.50
14 114.724 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 3.00
15 114.859 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 2.00
16 115.442 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 2.00
17 115.464 Box Culvert New 1 5.00 2.00
18 115.620 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 2.00
19 116.056 Box Culvert New 1 4.00 2.00
20 116.661 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 1.50
21 117.356 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 2.00
22 117.447 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 2.00
23 117.734 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 2.50
24 117.946 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 1.50
25 118.890 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 3.00
26 119.314 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 2.50
27 121.341 Box Culvert New 1 4.00 2.00

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REVIEW OF HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULVERTS ON MEENSURUTTI – CHIDAMBARAM NH 227

28 122.275 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 3.00

29 123.523 Box Culvert New 1 5.00 2.00
30 125.406 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 2.00
31 126.196 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 3.00
32 126.393 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 3.00
33 126.707 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 2.50
34 126.768 Box Culvert New 1 5.00 2.00
35 127.127 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 2.00
36 127.323 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 1.50
37 128.571 Box Culvert New 1 5.00 2.00
38 106.009 Box Culvert New 1 5.00 2.00
39 106.402 Box Culvert New 1 5.00 2.00
40 107.377 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 3.00
41 109.063 Box Culvert New 1 5.00 2.00
42 109.590 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 1.50
43 112.404 Box Culvert New 1 4.00 2.50
44 112.470 Box Culvert New 1 4.00 2.00
45 113.289 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 2.00
46 114.466 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 2.00
47 118.035 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 1.50
48 118.551 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 2.00
49 118.602 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 3.00
50 118.727 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 2.50
51 119.436 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 2.50
52 120.537 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 2.00
53 120.688 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 2.00
54 120.790 Box Culvert New 1 4.00 2.00
55 121.507 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 1.50
56 121.661 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 2.00
57 121.824 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 3.00
58 121.870 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 2.50
59 122.430 Box Culvert New 1 2.00 2.50
60 122.582 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 3.00
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REVIEW OF HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULVERTS ON MEENSURUTTI – CHIDAMBARAM NH 227

61 122.686 Box Culvert New 1 3.00 3.00

62 124.407 Box Culvert New 1 4.00 2.00
63 125.885 Box Culvert New 1 4.00 2.50
64 129.530 Box Culvert New 1 4.00 2.00

2. General Description of the Project Site

The cross-drainage structures lie on Meensurutti – Chidambaram Section of NH-

227, in the State of Tamil Nadu. The road alignment on which the structure under
consideration falls in the hydro meteorological sub zone of East Coast subzone 4 b.

3. Data Collection and Data Analysis

Requirements for Hydrological and Hydraulic Design

The hydrological study aims at estimating the peak discharge of the flood
generated by the run-off of rainfall within the catchment area. The hydrological
study requires:
 Knowledge of the characteristics of peak rainfall in the regions.
 Knowledge of the characteristics of the catchment areas.
 Google Earth Pro

Data Collection
The following data was made available to the review consultant by the
Concessionaire:
i. Hydrology Report for Culverts prepared by Design Consultant SIC Pvt. ltd.
(Doc. No. NH227/SIC/STR/BC/HR/DC/101) dated 07.03.2022.
ii. List of culverts to be reviewed
iii. .kmz file of the highway section

The annual rainfall value corresponding to 100-year return period has been
obtained from CWC flood estimation report for East Coast subzone 4 b.

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REVIEW OF HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULVERTS ON MEENSURUTTI – CHIDAMBARAM NH 227

4. Hydrological and Hydraulic Studies for Culverts

Design engineers essentially need the design flood of a specific return period for
fixing the waterway vis-a-vis the design discharge for culverts depending upon
their size and importance to ensure safety as well as economy. IRC: 5-2014,
Section – I General Features of Design specify that the size of a culvert is to be
designed for a maximum flood discharge of 100 years return period.
The following methods have been used to estimate the peak discharge for the
culverts:
 Rational Method

Hydrological & Hydraulic Design Aspect

a. Estimation of Input Data for Hydrological Analysis

Catchment Area, length of critical point to the structure and slope of fall in river
from critical point to structure along with rainfall data is required for estimation of
design discharge.

Length of critical point to structure and slope of fall in river from critical point is also
measured. 24 hr rainfall for 100 yr return period of 34 cm is taken from CWC Flood
Estimation Report for East Coast subzone 4 b.

b. Rational Method
Q= 0.028 x P x f x A x IC
Where:
Q = Maximum runoff in cumecs
A = Catchment area in hectares
Ic = Critical intensity of rainfall in cm/ hr.
P = Coefficient of run-off for the given catchment characteristics.
f = Spread factor for converting point rainfall into area mean rainfall.
Ic = (F/T)*(T+1) / (Tc+1)
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REVIEW OF HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULVERTS ON MEENSURUTTI – CHIDAMBARAM NH 227

F = Total Rainfall of T hours duration (24 hrs.) in cm, corresponding to 100

yrs return period.
T = Duration of total rainfall (F) in hours= 24 hrs.
Tc = Time of concentration in hour.

Time of concentration

Times of concentrations (Tc) are determined on the basis of stream lengths (L c)

and shape of catchment as well as from terrain slope and cover conditions from
the toposheets as well as hydrological survey data of stream. The values are
found both by Dicken’s (Empirical) formulae as well as from time of travel from
furthest point of catchment as follows:

Dicken’s formula

Tc = [0.87(L3/H)] 0.385

Where L is the length of catchment in km and H is the elevation difference in

meter in length L.

The value of runoff coefficient (P) depends on porosity of soil, area, size and
shape of the catchment, vegetation cover, surface storage viz. existence of lakes
and marshes and initial state of wetness of the soil. As per IRC: SP 13-2004, the
value of P may be taken from the formula given in following Table 1.

Table 1: Runoff Coefficient (P)

Catchment Characteristics P
Steep, bare rock and also city pavements 0.90
Rock, steep but wooded 0.80
Plateaus, lightly covered 0.70
Clayey soils, stiff and bare 0.60
Clayey Soils, lightly covered 0.50
Loam, lightly cultivated or covered 0.40
Loam, largely cultivated 0.30

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REVIEW OF HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULVERTS ON MEENSURUTTI – CHIDAMBARAM NH 227

Sandy soil, light growth 0.20

Sandy soil covered, heavy brush 0.10

The value of ‘f’ depends on the catchment area and has been taken from the
Figure 4.2 given in IRC: SP 13-2004.
Thus, after calculating the above parameters, the 100-year return period peak
discharge has been calculated using the formula as given above and has been
presented in the Annexure 1.
5. Summary & Recommendations:
The cross-drainage structures have been checked for the specific discharges
they are allowed to carry and for the rainfed areas. It has been found that all
existing arrangement/span dimensions as per the Hydrology Report are found to
be adequate and recommended for construction. The results calculated under
Annexure 1 are summarized in the following Table:

Sr. Design Span proposed as per Span proposed as per

No. Chainage Schedule B Hydrology Report/Catchment Area

Vent, Vent,
Length, m Height, m Length, m Height, m
nos. nos.
1 106.150 1 2.00 2.00 1 2.00 1.50
2 107.505 1 3.00 4.00 1 2.00 2.00
3 109.839 1 3.00 1.50 1 2.00 1.50
4 110.210 1 3.00 1.50 1 2.00 1.50
5 111.816 1 3.00 2.00 1 2.00 2.00
6 112.101 1 3.00 2.50 1 2.00 1.50
7 112.242 1 3.00 2.50 1 2.00 2.00
8 112.820 1 5.00 2.00 1 2.00 2.00
9 112.954 1 4.00 2.50 1 3.00 2.00
10 113.108 1 3.00 2.50 1 2.00 2.00
11 113.221 1 3.00 2.00 1 3.00 1.50
12 114.040 1 3.00 2.00 1 3.00 1.50
13 114.544 1 2.00 2.50 1 2.00 1.50
14 114.724 1 3.00 3.00 1 3.00 1.50
15 114.859 1 2.00 2.00 1 2.00 1.50
16 115.442 1 3.00 2.00 1 3.00 1.50
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REVIEW OF HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULVERTS ON MEENSURUTTI – CHIDAMBARAM NH 227

17 115.464 1 5.00 2.00 1 3.00 2.00

18 115.620 1 2.00 2.00 1 2.00 1.50
19 116.056 1 4.00 2.00 1 2.00 1.50
20 116.661 1 3.00 1.50 1 2.00 1.50
21 117.356 1 3.00 2.00 1 2.00 1.50
22 117.447 1 3.00 2.00 1 3.00 1.50
23 117.734 1 3.00 2.50 1 3.00 1.50
24 117.946 1 3.00 1.50 1 2.00 1.50
25 118.890 1 2.00 3.00 1 2.00 2.00
26 119.314 1 2.00 2.50 1 2.00 1.50
27 121.341 1 4.00 2.00 1 3.00 1.50
28 122.275 1 3.00 3.00 1 2.00 1.50
29 123.523 1 5.00 2.00 1 3.00 1.50
30 125.406 1 3.00 2.00 1 3.00 1.50
31 126.196 1 2.00 3.00 1 2.00 2.00
32 126.393 1 2.00 3.00 1 2.00 2.00
33 126.707 1 2.00 2.50 1 2.00 1.50
34 126.768 1 5.00 2.00 1 3.00 2.00
35 127.127 1 2.00 2.00 1 2.00 1.50
36 127.323 1 3.00 1.50 1 2.00 1.50
37 128.571 1 5.00 2.00 1 3.00 1.50
38 106.009 1 5.00 2.00 1 4.00 2.00
39 106.402 1 5.00 2.00 1 4.00 2.00
40 107.377 1 2.00 3.00 1 2.00 2.00
41 109.063 1 5.00 2.00 1 3.00 1.50
42 109.590 1 3.00 1.50 1 2.00 1.50
43 112.404 1 4.00 2.50 1 3.00 1.50
44 112.470 1 4.00 2.00 1 3.00 1.50
45 113.289 1 2.00 2.00 1 2.00 1.50
46 114.466 1 2.00 2.00 1 2.00 1.50
47 118.035 1 3.00 1.50 1 2.00 1.50
48 118.551 1 2.00 2.00 1 2.00 1.50
49 118.602 1 3.00 3.00 1 3.00 1.50
50 118.727 1 3.00 2.50 1 2.00 1.50
51 119.436 1 2.00 2.50 1 2.00 1.50

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REVIEW OF HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULVERTS ON MEENSURUTTI – CHIDAMBARAM NH 227

52 120.537 1 2.00 2.00 1 2.00 1.50

53 120.688 1 3.00 2.00 1 2.00 1.50
54 120.790 1 4.00 2.00 1 3.00 2.00
55 121.507 1 3.00 1.50 1 2.00 1.50
56 121.661 1 3.00 2.00 1 2.00 1.50
57 121.824 1 3.00 3.00 1 2.00 1.50
58 121.870 1 2.00 2.50 1 2.00 1.50
59 122.430 1 2.00 2.50 1 2.00 2.00
60 122.582 1 3.00 3.00 1 2.00 3.00
61 122.686 1 3.00 3.00 1 2.00 3.00
62 124.407 1 4.00 2.00 1 3.00 1.50
63 125.885 1 4.00 2.50 1 2.00 1.50
64 129.530 1 4.00 2.00 1 3.00 2.00

6. References:
1. CWC Flood Estimation Report on East Coast subzone 4 b.
2. IRC: SP -13, 2004, General Guidelines for Design of Small Culverts and
Bridges
3. IRC: 005, 2014, Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road
Bridges, Section 1, general features of Design
4. Relevant Survey of India Toposheets & Google Earth Pro.

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