Worksheet_3: Fluid Mechanics

Properties of Bulk Matter (Stress, Strain & Modulus)

1. A metal wire 75cm long and 0.5cm in diameter stretches 0.05cm when a load of 8kg is
hung on its ends. Find the stress, strain and Young’s modulus for the material of the wire.
2. A solid cylindrical steel column is 4m long and 9cm in diameter. What will be its
decrease in length when carrying a load of 80000kg?
3. A box-shaped piece of gelatin dessert has a top area of 15𝑐𝑚2 and a height of 3cm.
When a shearing force of 0.5N is applied to the upper surface, the upper surface displaces
4mm relative to the bottom surface. What are the shearing stress, shearing strain and
shear modulus for the gelatin?
4. The bulk modulus of mercury is 2.8𝑥1010 𝑁/𝑚2 . Compute the volume contraction of
70𝑚3 of mercury when subjected to a pressure of 400𝑁/𝑚2 .

(Fluid) Pressure

1. Find the pressure due to the fluid at a depth of 76cm in

𝐾𝑔 𝐾𝑔
A) Still water (𝜌 = 1000 𝑚3 ) B) Liquid mercury (𝜌 = 13.6𝑥103 𝑚3 )
𝐾𝑔
2. Calculate the pressure 5m below the surface of an ocean. (𝜌𝑤 = 103 𝑚3 )
3. Calculate the absolute pressure in an ocean at a depth of 100m and that the air above
𝐾𝑔
exerts a pressure of 101.3 kPa. (𝜌𝑤 = 1.025𝑥103 𝑚3 )
4. A 50 kg woman balances on one heel of a pair of high-heeled shoes. If the heel is circular
and has a radius of 0.5cm, what pressure does she exert on the floor?
5. A swimming pool has dimensions 30m x 10 m and a flat bottom. When the pool is filled
to a depth of 2 m with fresh water, what is the force caused by the water on
the bottom?

Buoyant Force, Archimedes’ Principle and Pascal’s Principle

1. In a hydraulic press, the larger piston has cross-sectional area 𝐴 = 200𝑐𝑚2 and the
smaller piston has area 𝑎 = 5𝑐𝑚2 . If a force of 250N is applied to the smaller piston,
what is the force on the larger piston?
2. The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a cross-sectional area of 3 cm2, and its large piston
has a cross-sectional area of 200 cm2. What force must be applied to the small piston for
the lift to raise a load of 15kN?
3. A block of Al “weighs” 27g in air.
A) What is its volume?
B) What will be the tension in the string that suspends the block when the block is totally
𝐾𝑔
submerged in water? (𝜌𝐴𝑙 = 2.7𝑥103 𝑚3 )
4. A piece of iron weighs 3N in air. When completely immersed in water, it weighs 2.6N
and when totally immersed in oil, it weighs only 2.68N. Find the densities of iron and oil.

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 Worksheet_3: Fluid Mechanics

5. A piece of aluminum with mass 1kg and density 2700 kg/m3 is suspended from a string
and then completely immersed in a container of water. Calculate the tension in the string
(a) before and (b) after the metal is immersed.
6. A cube of wood having an edge dimension of 20 cm and a density of 650 kg/m3 floats on
water. (a) What is the distance from the horizontal top surface of the cube to the water
level?
7. Water flows through a fire hose of diameter 6.35 cm at a rate of 0.012 m3/s. The fire hose
ends in a nozzle of inner diameter 2.2 cm. What is the speed with which the water exits
the nozzle?
𝐾𝑔
8. A 4kg wood floats in water (𝜌𝑤 = 103 𝑚3 ) with ¾ 0f its volume immersed when a 2Kg
object is placed on the top of the wood. What is the density of the wood?
9. A glass of water contains a single floating ice cube (Fig).
When the ice melts, does the water level (a) go up (b)
go down (c) remain the same?
10. An iceberg floats in seawater. What fraction of the
iceberg lies below the water level? ( 𝜌𝑖 = 917𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 and
𝜌𝑠𝑤 = 1030𝑘𝑔/𝑚3)

Fluid Dynamics: Equation of Continuity and Bernoulli’s

Equation

1. Water flows through a pipe of circular cross-section having a diameter of

10cm at A and a diameter of 5cm at B. If the speed of the water at A is 80cm/s
find its speed at B.
2. A horizontal pipe 10 cm in diameter has a smooth reduction to a pipe 5 cm in
diameter. If the pressure of the water in the larger pipe is 8x 104 Pa and the
pressure in the smaller pipe is 6x 104 Pa, at what rate does water flow through
the pipes?
3. Water circulates throughout a house in a hot-water heating system. If the
water is pumped at a speed of 0.5m/s through a 4cm diameter pipe in the
basement under a pressure of 3atm, what will be the flow speed and pressure
in a 2.6cm diameter pipe on the second floor 5m above? (Assume the pipes do
not divide in to branches)
4. Water flows steadily through a horizontal pipe of varying cross-section. At
one place the pressure is 130kPa and the speed is 0.6m/s. Determine the
pressure at another place in the same pipe where the speed is 9m/s.

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