O]TGOC KDZDQO\OUOC ZDQFOCD]UD]F

ZDQFOCD]UD]F ZOEO Uc. ]
EDCLOC LDCDQOI OCO]UD]F UDKCFK DCEH
 DCEHUQOMG
UQOMGDOI
DOI UTAD (DUU)
UTAD

OUO] FCEFKO]F MGHIDIFUFO]F] EF FA] Q] W

Efsusuc Tctuk Bdbdcugf Uulos Kdihbphk Zroktfk Kifcfk Ocdstdsf Eosor 

 Ehsdc Zdbafbafcl0 ]orf Mocero
Mocero Edwf, ]KB.,B.Kdp

EF]T]TC HIDG 0

?. ]okf
]okfc
cog Cu
Curf
rfnt
ntft
ftog
og Qog
Qogbog
bog (Z:
(Z:<?
<?1:
1:=
=?7
?7:?
:?:)
:)

1. ]orog Ponfro Fmgo Ihpo (Z:<?1:=?7:??)

=. Cozfno Gdinf (Z:<?1:=?7:?<)

ZHIFUDKCFK KD]DGOUOC KDBDCUQFOC KD]DGOUOC VHLVOKOQUO

]OQ@OCO UDQOZOC KDZDQO\OUOC

KDZDQO\OUOC OCD]UD]FHIHLF
OCD]UD]FHIHLF

UOGTC O@OQOC 1:1:/1:1?

 

IDBAOQ ZDCLD]OGOC

Osugoc Kdpdrowotoc Zdrfocdstdsf Zoeo Uc. ] Edcloc Ldcdroi Ocostdsf Udkcfk 

 Dcehtromgdoi Uuad (Dtt) Otos Fcefkosf Mghidiftfosfs Ef Fas Qs W

Hidg 0

?. ]okfco
]okfcog
g Curf
Curfntf
ntftog
tog Qogbog
Qogbog (Z:<?1
(Z:<?1:=?
:=?7:?
7:?:)
:)

1. ]orog Ponfro Fmgo Ihpo (Z:<?1:=?7:??)

=. Cozfno Gdinf (Z:<?1:=?7:?<)

Udio
Udiog
g efpd
efpdrf
rfks
ksoo eoc
eoc efsd
efsdtu
tu`u
`uff poeo
poeo Chvd
Chvdba
badr
dr 1:
1:1:
1:

  Bdcldtoguf,

Zdbafbafcl Zdcefefkoc

]orf Mocero Edwf, ]KB.,B.Kdp

 

AOA F
ZDCEOGTITOC

Ocdstd
Ocdstdsf
sf bdrupo
bdrupokoc
koc suotu
suotu tfceok
tfceokoc
oc uctuk
uctuk bdclgf
bdclgfioc
ioclko
lkoc
c roso
roso sokft
sokft kdtfko
kdtfko
efiokukoc pdbadeogoc eoc adraolof prhsdeur iofc yocl bdcfbauikoc roso sokft, eoiob
goi fcf roso tokut
tokut pdriu
pdriu fkut
fkut efgfio
efgfioclk
clkoc
oc uctuk
uctuk bdcmfp
bdcmfptoko
tokoc
c khcefs
khcefsff hptfbo
hptfboii aolf
aolf
 pdioksocooc pdbadeogoc (]oafsthc, 1:??). Ldcdroi ocdstdsf bdrupokoc tfceokoc
bdclgf
bdclgfioc
ioclko
lkoc
c roso
roso sokft
sokft sdmoro
sdmoro sdctro
sdctroii efsdrto
efsdrtoff gfiocl
gfioclcyo
cyo kdsoeo
kdsoeoroc
roc (rdvdrsf
(rdvdrsfaid
aid).
).
Ufceokoc ldcdroi ocdstdsf tdreopot adadropo tdkcfk yocl eopot efiokukoc oeoiog ldcdroi
ocdstdsf edclloc tdkcfk fctrovdco ocdstdsf eoc ldcdroi ocdstdsf edcloc fcgoiosf yoftu
edcloc
edcloc nomd
nomd bosk
bosk (suclk
(suclkup
up buko)
buko) eoc edcloc
edcloc tdkcfk
tdkcfk fctuao
fctuaosf
sf yoftu
yoftu pdbosoc
pdbosocloc
loc
dcehtrdmgdoi tuad otou loaucloc kdeuocyo fcgoiosf eoc fctrovdco (Iotfdn, 1::<).

Fctuaosf Urokgdo oeoiog tfceokoc bdbosukkoc pfpo trokgdo kdeoiob trokgdo

bdioiuf rfbo lihtfs, sdgfcllo u`ucl efstoicyo adroeo kfro-kfro efpdrtdclogoc trokgdo
octoro
octoro pfto
pfto suoro
suoro eoc afnurk
afnurkosfh
osfh trokgd
trokgdoo (Iotfd
(Iotfdn,
n, 1::<).
1::<). Ufceok
Ufceokoc
oc fctuao
fctuaosf
sf trokgdo
trokgdo
bdrupokoc soiog sotu tdkcfk ocdstdsf ubub fcgoiosf, yoftu bdbadrfkoc khbafcosf haot
ocdstdsf fcgoiosf yocl adrupo los otou mofroc yocl bueog bdcluop bdioiuf oiot/ bdsfc
ocdstdsf ioclsucl kd ueoro fcspfrosf.

Khidiftfosfs soot fcf bdc`oef bosoiog kdsdgotoc bosyorokot kordco nrdkudcsf

kd`oef
kd`oefocc
occyo
yo tfcllf
tfcllf yocl
yocl bdcyda
bdcydaoak
oakoc
oc adaoc
adaoc nfcocs
nfcocsfoi
foi boupuc
boupuc adaoc
adaoc shsfoi
shsfoi aolf
aolf
bosyorokot. ]ueog bdrupokoc bosoiog kdsdgotoc yocl pdctfcl ef cdloro aorot. Oclko
kd`oefoc idafg eorf 1:% phpuiosf eoc fcsfedc bdcfclkot edcloc adrtobaogcyo usfo.
Mghidiftfosfs soclot aocyok eftdbukoc poeo phpuiosf ubub eoc iophroc bdcuc`ukkoc
 aogwo eorf ??.75: yocl efiokukoc hthpsf eftdbukoc ?=,?% oeoiog prfo eoc ==,<%
oeoiog
oeoiog wocfto
wocfto yocl
yocl bdcedr
bdcedrfto
fto aotu
aotu dbpdeu
dbpdeu.Ef
.Ef cdloro
cdloro aorot
aorot pdcedr
pdcedrfto
fto mghidi
mghidiftfo
ftfosfs
sfs
 aocyok eftdbukoc poeo usfo =: toguc, tdtopf roto-roto
r oto-roto usfo tdrsdrfcl oeoiog 5:”4: toguc
eoc bdcfclkot soot usfo >: toguc sdfrfcl adrtobaogcyo usfo, eorf 1: `uto hrocl ef
cdloro aorot 1:% pdrdbpuoc eoc 7% iokf-iokf bdcedrfto mghidiftfosfs edcloc usfo idafg
eorf 5: toguc (Mogyhch, 1:?5). ]dkftor ?1% eorf thtoi pdceueuk edwoso ef cdloro aorot
bdcedrfto mghidiftfosfs `oef sdkftor 1: `uto `fwo yocl bdcedrfto mghidiftfosfs, efsdtfop
toguccyo eftdbukoc posfdc mghidiftfosfs sdkftor ? `uto `fwo eoc 4::.::: `fwo bdc`oiocf
 

hp
hpdr
drosf
osf pd
pdcl
cloc
oclk
lkot
otoc
oc ao
aotu
tu dbpd
dbpdeu
eu (mghi
(mghidsf
dsfstd
stdkt
kthb
hbff ot
otou
ou io
iopo
porh
rhsm
smhp
hpy
y mg
mghi
hid).
d).
Mghidiftfosfs bdrupokoc pdcyokft pdctfcl efcdloro aorot. (]uehyh, 1::>)
Ef Fcehcdsfo, mghidiftfosfs aoru bdceopot pdrgotfoc sdtdiog ef kifcfs, sdbdctoro
 puaifkosf pdcdiftfoc tdctocl mghidiftfosfs bosfg tdraotos. Adreosorkoc stuef khidsfthlronf
hroi efeopotkoc iophroc oclko fcsfedcsf mghidiftfosfs tdr`oef poeo wocfto sdadsor <>%
eoc poeo iokf-iokf =>%edcloc usfo idafg eorf 5: toguc. ]daolfoc adsor posfdc edcloc
 aotu dbpdeu tfeok bdbpucyof kdiugoc. Qfsfkh pdcyoceocl aotu dbpdeu uctuk 
bdcloiobf ld`oio eoc khbpifkosf rdiotfn kdmfi. \oioupuc edbfkfoc, sdkoif aotu dbpdeu
buiof bdcfbauikoc
bdcfbauikoc sdrocloc cydrf khifk yocl spdsfnfk
spdsfnfk boko rdsfkh uctuk bdcloiobf
bdcloiobf
bosoiog eoc pdcyuift okoc tdrus
tdr us bdcfclkot. (Mogyhch, 1:?5)
 

AOA FF

UFC@OTOC ZT]UOKO

O. Khcsdp
Khcsdp Eosor
Eosor Zdcy
Zdcyokf
okftt
?. Ednf
Ednfcf
cfsf
sf Mghi
Mghidi
dift
ftfo
fosf
sfss

Khidiiftosfs oeoiog fcniobosf okut eorf koceucl dbpdeu. Fcf afosocyo bdclfrftosf
iopf
iopfso
soc
c koce
koceuc
ucl
l dbpd
dbpdeu
eu.. Fc
Fcff eopo
eopott bdc`
bdc`oe
oeff po
poeo
eott eo
eoio
iob
b eu
eukt
ktus
us sfst
sfstfk
fk yo
yocl
cl
bdcydaoakoc hastruksf eoc fcniobosf efcefcl dbpdeu, bdcmdtuskoc fcndksf. Khidiftosfs
efsdaut `ulo edcloc pdbadctukoc aotu (koikuif otou aotu dbpdeu) ef eoiob koceucl
dbpdeu otou sfstdb soiuroc dbpdeu (]bditzdr, 1::6).

Khidiftosfs
Khidiftosfs oeoiog fcniobosf
fcniobosf koceucl
koceucl dbpdeu yocl afso bdc`oef
bdc`oef Khidsfstfsfs
Khidsfstfsfs
ok
okut
ut afos
afosoc
ocyo
yo tdr`
tdr`oe
oeff sdtdi
sdtdiog
og ha
hastr
struk
uksf
sf soiur
soiuroc
oc sfstf
sfstfk
k hi
hidg
dg ao
aotu
tu.. Hastr
Hastruk
uksf
sf ok
okoc
oc
bdcfclkotkoc tdkococ ef eoiob koceucl dbpdeu, bdcydaoakoc fskdbfo efcefcl eoc
bukhso
bukhso koceucl
koceucl dbpdeu. Udrtogoccyo
Udrtogoccyo dbpdeu
dbpdeu bdcydaoako
bdcydaoakoc
c frftosf kfbfo eoc sdrfcl
koif effkutf hidg tdr`oefcyo fcniobsf aoktdrf. Fskdbfo eopot bdcydaoakoc cdkrhsfs eoc
 pdrnhrosf efcefcl koceucl dbpdeu
dbpdeu (Zrfmfiio, 1:?4)..

1. Ocot
Ocothb
hbff Dbpd
Dbpdeu
eu

Koceucl dbpdeu oeoiog koctucl htht kdmfi yocl bdidkot kd soiuroc dbpdeu,
tdridtok ef idkukoc ihaus aowog kococ gotf. Zoeo hrocl edwoso koceucl dbpdeu sdkftor 
?: mb poc`oclcyo eoc 5 mb idaorcyo(]bftg & Bhrthc, 1::?). . Dbpdeu tdrefrf ofr,
khidstdrhi, lorob dbpdeu, idbok eoc afifruafc sdrto prheuk ifbaog eorf sdi eorog bdrog

yocl rusok (Kubor & Miork, 1::4).

 Chrboi Khidiftfosfs

=. Nf
Nfsf
sfhi
hihl
hlff Dbp
Dbpde
deu
u
 

Koceuc
Koceucl
l dbpdeu
dbpdeu bdrupo
bdrupokoc
koc sokus
sokus (kocth
(kocthcl)
cl) yocl
yocl adradc
adradctuk
tuk auog
auog pfr eoc
bdidkot poeo pdrbukooc phstdrfhr gotf hidg `orfcloc fkot. Koceucl dbpdeu bdbfifkf
nuce
nuceus
us otou
otou u`uc
u`ucl
l yo
yocl
cl bdbo
bdboc`
c`oc
ocl
l ao
aoeo
eoc
c ot
otou
ou ao
aolf
lfoc
oc ut
utob
obo,
o, eo
eoc
c id
idgd
gdrr yo
yocl
cl
 adrsobaucl edcloc euktus sfstfkus. Koceucl dbpdeu bdbfifkf iopfsoc `orfcloc sdpdrtf
s dpdrtf
struktur eosor soiuroc mdrco edcloc adadropo bhefnfkosf (Diiy Curomgboc, 1:??).

Dbpdeu
Dbpdeu efadctuk
efadctuk sdmoro tdrus bdcurus hidg gdpothsft
gdpothsft eoc efkubpuikoc
efkubpuikoc eoiob
kocoifkuius sdrto soiuroc dbpdeu. Dbpdeu tdrutobo tdrsususc eorf ofr eoc didktrfift,
sdpdrtf cotrfub, koifub, koisfub, kihrfeo
kihrfeo sdrto afkorahcot, eoc `ulo bdcloceucl eoiob
 `ubiog yocl adrortf adadropo suastocsf sdpdrtf idsftfc, khidstdrhi, afifruafc sdrto lorob-
lorob dbpdeu. Dbpdeu efkubpuikoc eoc efsfbpoc eoiob koceucl dbpdeu uctuk 
kd
kdbu
buef
efoc
oc efoi
efoifr
frko
koc
c kd eo
eoio
iob
b fc
fctd
tdstf
stfcu
cub
b afio
afio ef
efpd
pdri
riuk
ukoc
oc ao
aolf
lf pd
pdcm
cmdr
drco
cooc
oc (Orf
(Orfn 
n 
buttoqfc, 1:??).

]dtdiog tdr`oef khcyulosf otou pdclfkotoc edcloc osob-osob obfch (tourfc eoc
lifsfifc), lorob dbpdeu efdkskrdsfkoc kd eoiob dbpdeu. Adrsobo edcloc khidstdrhi
eoc idsftfc, lorob dbpdeu efpdriukoc uctuk dbuisfnfkosf idbok eoib fctdstfcub. Zrhsds
fcf pdctfcl uctuk prhsds pdcmdrcooc eoc pdcydropoc yocl dndsfdc. Kdbuefoc lorob
dbpdeu okoc efsdrop kdbaoif, tdrutobo eoiob fidub efstoi, kd eoiob eorog phrtoi uctuk 
kdbaoi
kdbaoiff kd gotf
gotf eoc sdkoif
sdkoif iolf
iolf efdkrd
efdkrdsfk
sfkoc
oc kd eoiob
eoiob dbpdeu
dbpdeu.. Ifctoso
Ifctosoc
c gdpoth
gdpothsft-
sft-
dbpd
dbpdeu
eu-f
-fct
ctds
dstf
tfcu
cub
b eoc
eoc kdba
kdbaoi
oiff iolf
iolf kdpo
kdpoeo
eo gd
gdpo
poth
thsf
sftt ef
efco
cobo
boko
koc
c sfrk
sfrkui
uios
osff
dctdrhgdpotfk (Orfn Buttoqfc, 1:??).

Okfaot oeocyo sfrkuiosf dctdrhgdpotfk, boko eorf sdiurug lorob dbpdeu yocl

bosuk kdeoiob fctdstfcub, gocyo sdaolfoc kdmfi yocl okoc efdkskrdsfkoc kd eoiob
nosds. Kdoeooc fcf bdcuruckoc kdautugoc tdrgoeop sfctdsfs oktfn lorob dbpdeu hidg
sdi-sdi gotf (Orfn Buttoqfc, 1:??).

Koceucl dbpdeu adctukcyo sdpdrtf kocthcl, hrloc adrhcllo yocl poc`oclcyo

sdkftorr ?: mb, tdridtok
sdkfto tdridtok sdefkft
sdefkft eoiob suotu nhso yocl bdcdloskoc
bdcdloskoc aotos ocothbf octoro
ihaus gotf kococ eoc kfrf. Koceucl dbpdeu bdbpucyof nuceus, khrpus, fcnucefauiub,
eo
eoc
c kh
khiu
iub.
b. Nuce
Nuceus
us ad
adct
ctuk
ukcy
cyoo au
auio
iot,
t, u`uc
u`ucl
l auct
auctu
u eo
eorf
rf ko
koce
ceuc
ucl
l dbpd
dbpdeu
eu yo
yocl
cl
bdboc`ocl ef otos tdpf gotf. Khrpus bdrupokoc aolfoc tdradsor eorf koceucl dbpdeu.
Khiub oeoiog aolfoc yocl sdbpft eorf koceucl dbpdeu yocl tdridtok octoro khrpus eoc

eodrog euktus sfstfko (]mgwortz, 1::6).

 

Fcnu
Fcnuce
cefa
faui
uiub
ub yo
yocl
cl `ulo
`ulo efkd
efkdco
coii sdaol
sdaolof
of ko
koct
cthc
hcl
l go
gort
rtbo
boc
c oe
oeoi
oiog
og au
auia
iaus
us
efvdrtfmuiub kdmfi yocl tdridtok poeo pdrbukooc fcndrfhr eorf koceucl kdbfg, yocl
sdmoro kifcfs adrbokco kordco prhksfbftoscyo tdrgoeop euhedcub eoc eopot tdrfbpdksf
kd eoiobcyo. Euktus sfstfkus bdclguauclkoc koceucl dbpdeu kd euktus khidehkus.
Kotup spfroi eorf gdfstdr tdridtok ef eoiob euktus dbpdeu. Zoshkoc eorog kd koceucl
dbpdeu
dbpdeu oeoiog
oeoiog bdioiu
bdioiuff ortdrf
ortdrf krfstf
krfstfko,
ko, sdmoro
sdmoro kgos
kgos bdrupo
bdrupokoc
koc moaocl
moaocl eorf
eorf ortdrf
ortdrf
gdpotfmo kococ, tdtopf osoi eorf ortdrf krfstfko adrvorfosf. ]dlftflo moiht efadctuk hidg
ortdrf kfstfko, euktus khidedkus, eoc euktus kfstfkus (]mgwortz, 1::6)

5. Dt
Dtfh
fhih
ihlf
lf Mghi
Mghidi
dift
ftfo
fosf
sfss

Zdcy
Zdcyda
daoa
oa yo
yocl
cl po
postf
stf ad
adiu
iub
b efkd
efkdto
togu
guff sdmor
sdmoroo sdbpu
sdbpurc
rco.
o. Cobu
Cobuc
c bdcu
bdcuru
rutt
 adraolof tdhrf, tdreopot adadropo kdbuclkfcoc pdcydaoa tdr`oefcyo khidiftfosfs.
]dbokfc aocyok nokthr rdsfkh yocl efbfifkf sdsdhrocl, sdbokfc adsor kdbuclkfcoc
uctuk tdr`oefcyo khidiftfosfs, (Admkfclgob, 1::?).

Nokthr rdsfkh tdrsdaut octoro iofc 0

o) @dcf
@dcfss Kdio
Kdiobf
bfc
c

\ocfto bdbpucyof rfsfkh = koif ifpot uctuk tdrkdco khidiftfosfs edcloc prfo.
Fcf efkordcokoc hidg ghrbhc dstdrhldc adrpdclorug tdrgoeop pdcfclkotoc dkskrdsf
khidstdrhi hidg koceucl dbpdeu. Kdgobfioc yocl bdcfclkotkoc koeor dstdrhldc
 `ulo bdcfclkotkoc rfsfkh tdrkdco khidiftfosfs. Zdcllucooc pfi eoc khctrosdpsf eoc
tdropf ghrbhc (dstdrhldc) eopot bdcfclkotkoc khidstdrhi eoiob koceucl dbpdeu
eoc pdcurucoc oktfvftos pdclhshcloc koceucl dbpdeu.

 a) Tsfo

Qfsfkh uctuk tdrkdco khidiftfosfs bdcfclkot sd`oioc edcloc adrtobaogcyo

usfo.
usfo. Hrocl
Hrocl edcloc
edcloc usfo
usfo 3 >: toguc
toguc idafg
idafg mdcedr
mdcedrucl
ucl uc
uctuk
tuk tdrkdco
tdrkdco khidif
khidiftfo
tfosfs
sfs
efaocefclkoc edcloc hrocl edcloc usfo yocl idafg bueo.

m) Adro
Adrott aoe
aoeoc
oc (A
(ABF
BF))
 

Hrocl
Hrocl edcloc
edcloc Ahey
Ahey Boss
Boss Fcedx
Fcedx (ABF)
(ABF) tfcllf
tfcllf,, bdbpuc
bdbpucyof
yof rdsfkh
rdsfkh idafg
idafg
tfcllf uctuk tdr`oef khidiftfosfs. Fcf efkordcokoc edcloc tfcllfcyo ABF boko koeor 
khidstdrhi eoiob koceucl dbpdeu tfcllf, eoc `ulo bdcluroclf lorob dbpdeu sdrto
bdcluroclf khctroksf / pdclhshcloc koceucl dbpdeu.

e) Bokococ

Fctokd rdceog kihrfeo, kdgfiocloc adrot aoeoc yocl mdpot (sdpdrtf sdtdiog
hpdrosf
hpdrosf lostrh
lostrhfct
fctdstf
dstfcoi
coi)) bdclok
bdclokfaot
faotkoc
koc locllu
loclluoc
oc tdrgoe
tdrgoeop
op ucsur
ucsur kfbfo
kfbfo eorf
eorf
dbpdeu eoc eopot bdcydaoakoc pdcurucoc khctroksf koceucl dbpdeu.

d) Cutrfs
Cutrfsff Fctr
Fctrovd
ovdco
co @oclko
@oclko Iob
Ioboo

 Cutrfsf fctrovdco `oclko iobo bdclokfaotkoc koceucl dbpdeu tfeok 

tdrstfbuiosf uctuk adrkhctroksf, kordco tfeok oeo bokococ / cutrfsf yocl bdidwotf
fctdstf
fctdstfcoi
coi.. ]dgfcl
]dgfcllo
lo rfsfkh
rfsfkh uctuk
uctuk tdradct
tdradctukc
ukcyo
yo aotu
aotu bdc`oe
bdc`oeff bdcfcl
bdcfclkot
kot eoiob
eoiob
koceucl dbpdeu.

4. Zothn
Zothnfsf
fsfhih
hihlf
lf Mghidi
Mghidiftf
ftfosf
osfss

Bdcurut
Bdcurut Mhrwfc
Mhrwfc (1::7)
(1::7) pothnfsfhih
pothnfsfhihlf
lf khidiftfosfs
khidiftfosfs yoftu pdruaogoc khbphsfsf
khbphsfsf
dbpdeu
dbpdeu.. Zdruaog
Zdruaogoc
oc khbphs
khbphsfsf
fsf fcf bdbadc
bdbadctuk
tuk fctf,
fctf, ioi
ioiu
u iobaot
iobaot iouc
iouc bdcdao
bdcdaoii eoc
bdclkrfstoi. Zrhsds pdclkrfstoioc eopot adrioclsucl iobo, afso sobpof adrtoguc-toguc
eoc okgfrcyo okoc bdclgosfikoc aotu dbpdeu, afio oeocyo pdroeocloc poeo koceucl
dbpdeu eopot bdclokfaotkoc supdrsoturosf prhlrdsfn, pdruaogoc sususoc kfbfo eoc
 pdcldceopoc adadropo ucsur khcstftudc sdpdrtf khidstdrhi, koisfub, afifruafc. Fcndksf
 aoktdrf eoiob soiuroc dbpdeu eopot adrpdroc sdaolfoc eoiob pdbadctukoc aotu,
bdioiuff pdcfclkotoc
bdioiu pdcfclkotoc edskuobosf
edskuobosf sdi eoc pdbadctuk
pdbadctukoc
oc bukus.
bukus. Bukus
Bukus bdcfclkoto
bdcfclkotoc
c
vfskh
vfskhsfto
sftoss eoc ucsur
ucsur sdiuidr
sdiuidr otoy aoktdrf
aoktdrf eopot
eopot adrpdr
adrpdroc
oc sdaolo
sdaoloff pusot
pusot prdsfp
prdsfpfto
ftosf.
sf.
Oeocyo prhsds fcndksf fcf tdrkoft bdcluaog khbphsfsf dbpdeu edcloc bdcfclkotkoc
rdoashrpsf lorob dbpdeu eoc idsftfc.
 

]kdbo potgwoy mghidiftfosfs

>. Bocfn
Bocfnds
dstos
tosff Kifcfs
Kifcfs Mghi
Mghidif
diftfo
tfosfs
sfs

Zo
Zoeo
eo bocf
bocfnd
ndst
stos
osff kifc
kifcfk
fk oe
oeoo yocl
yocl tfeo
tfeok
k bdcf
bdcfba
baui
uiko
koc
c ld
ld`o
`oio
io eo
eoc
c tfeo
tfeok 
k 
bdcydaoakoc cydrf cobuc eopot `ulo bdcuc`ukkoc ld`oio ” ld`oio lostrh fctdstfcoi
rfcloc.

o) Buclk
Buclkfc
fc okut eoc krhcfs
krhcfs edc
edcloc
loc efstrds
efstrds dpflostr
dpflostrfk
fk (adlog,
(adlog, efstdc
efstdcsf
sf oaehbdc,
oaehbdc,
cydrf tok `dios poeo kuoeroc
kuoeroc kococ otos sdtdiog
sdtdiog bokoc bokococ
bokococ yocl aocyok 
aocyok 
bdcloceucl idbok.
 a) @fko soiuroc dbpdeu tdrsubaot, boko koceucl dbpdeu bdcloiobf efstdcsf eoc
okgfrcyo
okgfrcyo tdrfcndkosf0
tdrfcndkosf0 buclkfc
buclkfc tdr`oef
tdr`oef edbob eoc tdroao boso poeo oaehbdc.
oaehbdc.
Khifk afifdr edcloc cydrf oaehbdc kococ otos bdc`oior kd pucllucl otou aogu
kococ, buoi eoc buctog adadropo `ob sdtdiog bokoc aocyok.

m) Fktdrfk
Fktdrfk tdr`oef
tdr`oef edcloc
edcloc tdrsubao
tdrsubaotcyo
tcyo euktus
euktus khbucfs
khbucfs dbpdeu.
dbpdeu.
 

e) Trfcd adrworco
adrworco soclot
soclot ldiop;
ldiop; ndmds
ndmds worco
worco pumot.
pumot.
d) Ednfsfdcsf
Ednfsfdcsf vftobfc
vftobfc O, E,
E, D, eoc K (vftobfc
(vftobfc ” vftobfc
vftobfc yocl
yocl iorut eoiob
eoiob idbok).
idbok).
n) Oasds
Oasds cdkrhsf
cdkrhsfss eoc pdrnhrosf
pdrnhrosf edcloc
edcloc pdrfthc
pdrfthcftfs
ftfs eopot
eopot tdr`oef
tdr`oef `fko aotu dbpdeu
dbpdeu
tdrus bdcyubaot soiuroc dbpdeu.

Buoi eoc buctog

buctog sdrfcl bdcydrtof tfclkot idafg porog. Qoso sokft e
eopot
opot bdrdeo
sphctoc
sphctoc sdtdiog adadropo
adadropo `ob otou afso bdbautugk
bdbautugkoc
oc ocoildsfk
ocoildsfk hpfot. Cydrf efsdrtof
efsdrtof
ed
edcl
cloc
oc Edbo
Edbob
b afoso
afosocy
cyoo bdcu
bdcuc`
c`uk
ukko
koc
c kh
khid
idsfs
sfstf
tftf
tfss ok
okut
ut (Admk
(Admkfc
fclg
lgob
ob,, 1:
1::?
:?).
).
Bocfndstosf kifcfk poeo posfdc khidiftfosfs soclot adrvorfosf, oeo yocl bdcloiobf ld`oio
osfbpthbotfk eoc ld`oio sfbpthbotfk. Zosfdc khidiftfosfs eopot bdcloiobf ld`oio0 yocl
efsdaoakoc
efsdaoakoc hidg pdcyokft
pdcyokft koceucl
koceucl dbpdeu ftu sdcefrf eoc ld`oio yocl tdr`oef
tdr`oef okfaot
hastruksf poeo `oioc pdrifctosoc dbpdeu hidg aotu dbpdeu. Ld`oiocyo afso adrsfnot okut
otou krhcfs. Loclluoc dpflostrfub, sdpdrtf roso pdcug, efstdcsf oaehbdc eoc cydrf yocl
sobor poeo kuoeroc kococ
kococ otos oaehbdc eopot tdr`oef. Loclluoc fcf eopot
eopot tdr`oef afio

fcefvfeu
fcefvfeu bdclkhcsub
bdclkhcsubsf
sf bokococ yocl
yocl adridbok otou yocl ef
eflhrdc
lhrdcl
l (]bditzdr &
Aord, 1::1).

Khidsfstftfs okut efsdaoakoc kdtfko sdauog hastruksf tdr`oef poeo euktus sfstfkus
(Kubor & Miork, 1::4).
1::4). Ld`oio yocl poifc
poifcl
l ubub eorf sdsdhrocl edcloc aotu dbpdeu
oeoiog roso sokft ef aowog tuiocl rusuk poeo
poeo sfsf kococ otou aogkoc cydrf pdrut aolfoc
otos
otos,, edcl
edcloc
oc roso
roso so
sokf
kftt yocl
yocl efoi
efoiob
obff ef aolf
aolfoc
oc ad
adio
ioko
kocl
cl ed
edko
kott ko
koco
coc
c ad
adif
ifko
kott
(Admkfclgob, 1::?). Khifk afifdr oeoiog fstfiog yocl eflucokoc uctuk roso sokft tdrkoft
edcloc
edcloc hastruk
hastruksf
sf sdbdctoro
sdbdctoro yocl kfstfk otou soiuroc
soiuroc dbpdeu
dbpdeu (MAE)
(MAE) edcloc
edcloc aotu
 afosocyo adrldrok eorf koceucl dbpdeu (Kubor & Miork, 1::4).

<. Zdbd
Zdbdrf
rfks
ksoo
ooc
c Efolch
Efolchst
stfk 
fk 
?) Zdbd
Zdbdrf
rfks
ksooc
ooc Zdc
Zdcuc
uc`o
`ocl
cl

Zdbdrf
Zdbdrfkso
ksooc
oc efolch
efolchstfk
stfk yocl
yocl sdrfcl
sdrfcl efluco
eflucokoc
koc eoc bueog
bueog efioku
efiokukoc
koc edcloc
edcloc
uitroshchl
uitroshchlronf
ronf yocl bobpu
bobpu bdcedtdk
bdcedtdksf
sf aotu poeo koceucl
koceucl dbpdeu.
dbpdeu. Zdbdrfksooc
Zdbdrfksooc
efolchstfk yocl eopot efiokukoc poeo posfdc khidiftfosfs oeoiog0

o. Titr
Titros
osh
hchl
hlro
ronf
nf
Zdbdrfksooc
Zdbdrfksooc T]L tdiog bdclloctfk
bdclloctfkoc
oc pdbdrfksooc
pdbdrfksooc khidsf
khidsfsthlro
sthlronf
nf hroi kordco

eopot efiokukoc sdmoro mdpot eoc okurot, eoc eopot efiokukoc poeo pdcedrfto
 

efsnuclsf gotf eoc fktdrus. Zdbdrfksooc T]L eopot bdcedtdksf koikuif eoiob
koceucl dbpdeu otou euktus khidehkus yocl bdcloiobf efiotosf, bdcedtdksf
 aotu 6: ” 64 % (Bosogfkh dt oi, 1::<)
 a. Zdbdrfksooc MU ]moc Oaehbdc
Eopot efiokukoc `fko tdreopot kdmurflooc okoc pdcyokft koceucl dbpdeu eoc
uctuk bdcyfclkfrkoc pdcydaoa ld`oio yocl iofc. Cobuc, gocyo ?4-1:% aotu
dbpd
dbpdeu
eu yo
yocl
cl bdcl
bdcloi
oiob
obff mu
muku
kup
p ko
kois
isfnf
fnfko
kosf
sf uc
uctu
tuk
k eo
eopo
pott to
tobp
bpok
ok bdio
bdioiu
iuff
 pdbdrfksooc sfcor-x (Bosgfkh dt oi, 1::<)
m. Zdbdrfksooc
Zdbdrfksooc Zdcmftrooc
Zdcmftrooc Qoefh Cukifeo
Cukifeo Otou Khidskfcthl
Khidskfcthlronf
ronf
Khidskfcth
Khidskfcthlronf
lronf bdclluco
bdcllucokoc
koc prdporot
prdporot roefhoktfn
roefhoktfn yocl efsuctf
efsuctfkkoc
kkoc sdmoro
fctrov
fctrovdco
dco.. Zrdpor
Zrdporot
ot fcf kdbuef
kdbuefoc
oc efobaf
efobafii hidg
hidg gdpoth
gdpothsft
sft eoc edcloc
edcloc mdpot
mdpot
efdkskrdsfkoc kd eoiob sfstdb afifdr. ]dioc`utcyo efiokukoc pdbfceofoc soiuroc
dbpdeu uctuk bdceopotkoc lobaor koceucl dbpdeu eoc pdrmoaocloc afifdr.
e. DQMZ ( Dcehsmhpfm
 Dcehsmhpfm Qdtrhlroed MghioclfhZocmrdothlropgy
MghioclfhZocmrdothlropgy))
Zdbdrfksooc fcf bdifputf fcsdrsf dcehskhp sdrot-hptfk yocl nidksfadi kd eoiob
dshnolus gfcllo bdcmopof euhedcub pors edsdcedcs.
eds dcedcs. ]dauog kocui efbosukkoc
kd eoiob euktus khidehkus sdrto euktus pockrdotfkus, kdbuefoc aogoc khctros
efsuctfkko
efsuctfkkoc
c kd eoiob euktus tdrsdaut
tdrsdaut uctuk bdbuclkfck
bdbuclkfckoc
oc vfsuoifsosf
vfsuoifsosf sdrto
dvoiuosf
dvoiuosf pdrmoaocloc
pdrmoaocloc afifdr.
afifdr. DQMZ `ulo bdbuclkf
bdbuclkfckoc
ckoc vfsuoifsosf
vfsuoifsosf ioclsucl
ioclsucl
struktur afifdr eoc bdbueogkoc oksds kd eoiob euktus khidehkus aolfoc efstoi
uctuk bdclobafi dbpdeu. (Bosogfkh dt oi,1::<)
d. Khioc
Khioclfh
lfhlro
lronf
nf Uroc
Urocsgdp
sgdpotf
otfk
k Zdrku
Zdrkutoc
toc
Zdbdrf
Zdbdrfksoo
ksooc
c edcloc
edcloc moro
moro bdcyuc
bdcyuctfk
tfkkoc
koc aogoc
aogoc khctro
khctross ioclsu
ioclsucl
cl kd eoiob
eoiob
 pdrmoaocloc afifdr. Kordco khcsdctrosf aogoc khctros yocl efsuctfkkoc ftu
rdiotf
rdiotfnn adsor,
adsor, boko
boko sdbuo
sdbuo khbphc
khbphcdc
dc poeo
poeo sfstdb
sfstdb afifdr
afifdr (euktu
(euktuss gdpotf
gdpotfkus
kus,,
euktus
euktus khideh
khidehkus
kus,, euktus
euktus sfstfk
sfstfkus
us eoc koceuc
koceucl
l dbpdeu
dbpdeu)) eopot
eopot efifgo
efifgott lorfs
lorfs
 adctukcyo edcloc `dios.
n. BQMZ ( Bolcdtfm
 Bolcdtfm Qdshcocmd Mghioclfhpocmrdothlropgy
Mghioclfhpocmrdothlropgy))
Bdrupo
Bdrupokoc
koc tdkcfk
tdkcfk pdcmftr
pdcmftrooc
ooc edcloc
edcloc ldbo
ldbo bolcdt
bolcdt tocpo
tocpo bdcllu
bdcllucok
cokoc
oc zot
khctros, fcstrubdc, eoc roefosf fhc. Zoeo BQMZ soiuroc dbpdeu okoc tdrifgot
sdao
sdaolo
loff str
struk
uktu
turr yo
yocl
cl tdroc
tdrocl
l ko
kordc
rdcoo bdbp
bdbpuc
ucyo
yoff fc
fctd
tdcs
csft
ftos
os sfcyo
sfcyoii tfcl
tfcllf
lf,,
sdeoclkoc aotu soiuroc dbpdeu okoc tdrifgot sdaolof fctdcsftos sfcyoi rdceog
 

yocl efkrdififclf dbpdeu edcloc fctdcsftos sfcyoi tfcllf, sdgfcllo bdthed fcf
mhmhk uctuk bdcefolchsfs aotu soiuroc dbpdeu (Idsboco, 1::>).
1) Zdbdrf
Zdbdrfksoo
ksooc
c ioahro
ioahrothr
thrfub
fub
o. Eorog
Eorog idcl
idclkop
kop 0 iduk
idukhsf
hsfths
thsfs
fs sdeocl
sdeocl (oku
(okut)
t)
 a. Afifruafc eoc obyiosd sdrub 0 bdcfclkot
m. Dczfb gotf sdrub
sdrub 0 O]U (]LHU
(]LHU)) ; OIU (]LZU)
(]LZU) ; IEG
IEG olok bdcfclkot
bdcfclkot ; oikoifc
oikoifc
nhsnot eoc 4-cukidhtfeosd 0 eftoceof pdcfclkotoc hastruksf afifdr.
e. Koe
Koeor pr
prht
htrh
rhba
bafc
fc 0 bdc
dcu
uruc
ruc afio
fio ha
hast
stru
ruk
ksf oi
oifr
froc
oc dbpd
dbpde
eu eo
eoio
iob
b usu
suss
bdcuruckoc oashrpsf vftobfc K.
d. Koio
Koiocl
clhp
hpoc
ockr
krdo
doth
thlr
lron
onff rd
rdtrh
trhlr
lroe
oedd dc
dceh
ehsk
skhp
hpfk
fk (DQM
(DQMZ)
Z) 0 bdbp
bdbpdr
drif
ifgot
gotko
koc
c
 pdrmoaocloc afifdr edcloc kocuiosf euktus khideukus
khideukus bdioiuf euhedcub.
n. Khio
Khiocl
clfh
fhlr
lron
onff tr
troc
ocsg
sgdp
dpot
otfk
fk pdrk
pdrkut
utoc
ocdu
duss 0 pd
pdba
bade
deoo
ooc
c lo
loba
baor
oroc
oc ed
edcl
cloc
oc
niuhrhskhp
niuhrhskhpff octoro pdcyokft koceucl dbpdeu eoc kockdr
kockdr pockrdos
pockrdos (afio fktdrfk 
oeo)
l. ]moc MU 0 eopot bdcyoto
bdcyotokoc
koc kfsto
kfsto koceucl
koceucl dbpdeu,
dbpdeu, efotosf
efotosf euktus
euktus dbpdeu,
dbpdeu, eoc
eoc
bdbadeokoc octoro fktdrfk hastruksf/ chc hastruksf.
g. ]moc gotf
gotf (edcloc
(edcloc zot roefhok
roefhoktfn)
tfn) 0 bdcuc`uk
bdcuc`ukkoc
koc hastruksf
hastruksf pdrmoao
pdrmoaocloc
cloc afifdr 
afifdr 
f. Nhth
Nhth oaehbdc
oaehbdc (buitfph
(buitfphsfsf
sfsf)) 0 bdcyotok
bdcyotokoc
oc lobaoroc
lobaoroc roefhih
roefhihlf
lf (kiorfnf
(kiorfnfkos
kosf)
f) aotu
dbpdeu, kiorfnfkosf efcefcl otou pdbadsoroc koceucl dbpdeu.
 `. Nhth eoeo 0 bdcuc`ukkoc
bdcuc`ukkoc pdrcoposoc yocl bdcydaoakoc p
pdcydaoroc
dcydaoroc cydrf

7. Zdcot
Zdcotoio
oiokso
ksocoo
cooc
c Mghidi
Mghidiftf
ftfosf
osfss
?) Zdco
Zdcoto
toiok
ioksoc
socooc
ooc Bdef
Bdefk 
k 
Bdcurut Aruccdr eoc ]ueeortg (1:?=) pdcotoioksocooc bdefs khidiftosfs 0
o. Udrop
dropff Cutr
Cutrfs
fsff
Efdt sdldro sdtdiog hpdrosf afosocyo adrupo mofroc rdceog idbok edcloc prhtdfc
eoc korahgferot tfcllf efioc`utkoc edcloc bokococ poeot yocl idbaut, gfceorf
tdiur,
tdiur, krfb,
krfb, aoaf,
aoaf, bokoco
bokococ
c lhrdc
lhrdcloc
loc,, kd`u,
kd`u, soyuro
soyuroc
c pdbadc
pdbadctuk
tukoc
oc los,
los, eoc
oikhghi.
 a. Udropf Norbokhihlf
Zdba
Zdbadrf
drfoc
oc ha
haot
ot hr
hroi
oi uc
uctu
tuk
k bdio
bdioru
rutk
tkoc
oc ao
aotu
tu kh
khid
idst
stdrh
drhii dbpd
dbpdeu
eu ed
edcl
cloc
oc
mgdchedhxy
mgdchedhxymghifm
mghifm omfs (MEMO) otou sdchefoi;
sdchefoi; eoc urshedhxym
urshedhxymghifm
ghifm omfs otou
 

urshe
rshefh
fhii (TEM
TEMO).
O). Efpok
fpokof
of poe
oeoo kifd
kifdc
c yo
yoc
cl bdc
dchi
hiok
ok yocl
yocl bdc
bdchi
hiok 
ok 
khidsfstdkthbf otou kifdc yocl tfeok efsorockoc uctuk pdbadeogoc, tdrgftucl 9
?: % kifdc edcloc ld`oio fcf. Kdeuo haot adrtfceok uctuk bdcluroclf `ubiog
khidstdrhi ef eoiob dbpdeu. Oclko kdadrgosfioc tdrtfcllf tdr`oef poeo kifdc
edcloc
edcloc aotu dbpdeu roefhiusdc,
roefhiusdc, kdmfi bdclobaocl
bdclobaocl.. Aotu mdcedrucl tdr`oef
kdbaoif =: ” 4: % edcloc woktu tflo sobpof ifbo toguc iolf.
 Tctuk bdclgocmurkoc aotu 0 urshefhi/oktfloi.

 Dndk
Dndk sobpf
sobpfcl
cl 0 efor
eford,
d, ad
adrsf
rsfnot
not gd
gdpo
poth
thth
thks
ksfk
fk,, po
poeo
eo nd
ndtu
tuss sdgfc
sdgfcll
lloo
khctrofcefkosf poeo fau gobfi.
 Bdcluroclf khctdc khidstdrhi eoiob aotu dbpdeu
d bpdeu 0 mgdchefhi/mgdcfx.

 Tctuk bdcluroclf lotoi-lotoi 0 mghidstyrobfcd (_udstroc)

 Bdcuruckoc roso cydrf 0 ocoildsfk.

 Bdclhaotf fcndksf 0 octfafhtfk.

1) Zdcoto
Zdcotoiok
ioksoc
socooc
ooc Chc-Ad
Chc-Adeog
eog

Zdcoclococ khidiftfosfs chc-adeog edcloc moro bdiorutkoc aotu dbpdeu yoftu0

o. ]uot
]uotu
u bdth
bdthed
ed bdio
bdioru
rutko
tkoc
c ao
aotu
tu dbpd
dbpdeu
eu ed
edcl
cloc
oc bdcl
bdclfc
fcnu
nusk
skoc
oc suot
suotu
u ao
aogo
goc
c
 pdiorut (bhchhktocfhc otou bdtfi tdrtfdr autfi dtdr [BUADR) kd eoiob koceucl
dbpdeu
dbpdeu.. Zdioru
Zdiorutt tdrsda
tdrsdaut
ut eopot
eopot effcnu
effcnusko
skoc
c bdioiu
bdioiuff `oi
`oiur
ur adrfku
adrfkutt fcf0
fcf0 bdioiu
bdioiuff
sdiocl otou kotdtdr yocl efposocl pdrkutoc ioclsucl kd eoiob koceucl dbpdeu;
bdioiu
bdioiuff sdiocl
sdiocl otou erofc
erofc yocl
yocl efbosu
efbosukko
kkoc
c bdioiu
bdioiuff soiuroc
soiuroc U-Uuad
U-Uuad uctuk 
uctuk 

bdiorutko
bdiorutkoc
c aotu
aotu yocl
yocl adiub
adiub efkdiu
efkdiuork
orkoc
oc poeo
poeo soot pdbade
pdbadeogo
ogoc;
c; bdioiu
bdioiuff
dcehskhp DQMZ; otou kotdtdr afifdr trocscosoi.
 a. Bdthed Dxtromhrphrdoi ]ghmk \ovd Iftghtrfpsy (D]\I). Zrhsdeur chc-fcvosfn 
yocl bdcllucokoc
bdcllucokoc ldihbaocl kd`ut adruiocl
adruiocl (rdpdo
rdpdotde
tde sghmk
sghmk wovds)
wovds) yocl
eforogkoc kdpoeo aotu dbpdeu ef eoiob koceucl dbpdeu otou euktus khidehkus
ed
edcl
cloc
oc boks
boksue
ue uc
uctu
tuk
k bdbd
bdbdmo
mog
g ao
aotu
tu tdrsda
tdrsdaut
ut bdc`
bdc`oe
oeff sd
sdau
auog
og nrolb
nrolbdc
dc..
Ldihba
Ldihbaocl
ocl kd`ut
kd`ut efgosf
efgosfiko
ikoc
c eoiob
eoiob bdefo
bdefo mofroc
mofroc hidg
hidg pdrmfk
pdrmfkoc
oc ifstrfk
ifstrfk,, yoftu
yoftu
 pfdzhdidktrfk, otou hidg buotoc didktrhbolcdtfk (]bditzdr & Aord, 1::1),
efboco
efboco sobpof
sobpof ?.4::
?.4:: ldihba
ldihbaocl
ocl kd`ut
kd`ut eforog
eforogkoc
koc poeo
poeo aotu
aotu sobpof
sobpof gocmur
gocmur,,

eflucokoc sdaolof pdclhaotoc rowot `oioc poeo adadropo kosus. Kifdc yocl
 

bdbpucyof khidiftfosfs sfbthbotfk kurocl eorf dbpot aotu, bosfcl ” bosfcl

efobdtdr kurocl eorf = mb eoc tocpo rfwoyot pdcyokft gotf eoc pockrdos.
m. Dcehsmhpf
Dcehsmhpf Qdtrhlr
Qdtrhlroed
oed Mghioclf
Mghioclfh
h Zocmrdothlr
Zocmrdothlropgy
opgy (DQMZ),
(DQMZ), aotu
aotu eoiob
eoiob soiuroc
dbpdeu efkdiuorkoc edcloc aoskdt kowot otou aoihc dkstroksf bdioiuf buoro
yocl sueog adsor tdrsdaut bdcu`u iubdc euhedcub sdgfcllo aotu eopot kdiuor 
 adrsobo tfc`o otou efkdiuorkoc bdioiuf buiut adrsobo skhpcyo. (Idsboco,
1::>).
=) Zdco
Zdcoto
toiok
ioksoc
socooc
ooc Adeo
Adeog
g
o. Khidsf
Khidsfstdk
stdkthb
thbff ioporos
ioporoskhp
khpff 0 efioku
efiokukoc
koc bdioiuf
bdioiuf fcsfosf
fcsfosf otou tusukoc
tusukoc kdmfi
kdmfi yocl
yocl
efauot
efauot bdcdba
bdcdbaus
us efcefc
efcefcl
l oaehbd
oaehbdc
c ef ubafif
ubafifkus
kus.. Qhcllo
Qhcllo oaehbd
oaehbdc
c eftfup
eftfup
edcloc los korahc bhchksfeo uctuk bdbaoctu pdbosocloc dcehskhpf.
 a. Khidsfstdkthbf 0 koctucl dbpdeu efoclkot sdtdiog ostdrf eoc euktus sfstfkus
efiflo
efiflosf.
sf. ]dauog
]dauog erofc
erofc (pdcrh
(pdcrhsd)
sd) eftdbp
eftdbpotk
otkoc
oc eoiob
eoiob koceu
koceucl
cl dbpdeu
dbpdeu eoc
efaforkoc bdc`uiur kd iuor idwot iuko hpdrosf uctuk bdcloifrkoc eorog, mofroc
sdrhsoclufcus eoc ldtog dbpdeu kd eoiob koso oashradc.
m. Bfcfkh
Bfcfkhidsf
idsfstdk
stdkthb
thbff 0 koctuc
koctucl
l dbpdeu
dbpdeu efkdiuo
efkdiuorko
rkoc
c bdioiu
bdioiuff sdauog
sdauog fcsfsf kdmfi
kdmfi
sdidaor 5mb.
e. Khids
Khidsfst
fsths
hsth
thbf
bf (a
(ade
deog
og otou
otou pd
pdrk
rkut
utoc
oc)) 0 ko
koct
ctuc
ucl
l dbpd
dbpdeu
eu ef
efau
auko
ko,, eo
eoc
c ao
aotu
tu,,
dbpdeu, otou erofcosd puruidct efkdiuorkoc
d. Khide
Khidehkh
hkhsth
sthbf
bf 0 Fcsfsf
Fcsfsf efiokuko
efiokukoc
c poeo
poeo euktus
euktus khidehk
khidehkus
us uctuk bdcldiu
bdcldiuork
orkoc
oc
 aotu. ]dtdiog aotu efkdiuorkoc afosocyo efposocl sdauog kotdtdr kd eoiob
euktus tdrsdaut uctuk erofcosd ldtog dbpdeu sobpof dedbo bdrdeo. Kotdtdr fcf
efguauclkoc edcloc sdiocl erofcosd.

A. Khcsdp
Khcsdp Eosor
Eosor Zdcot
Zdcotoiok
oioksoco
socooc
oc Ocdstds
Ocdstdsff
?. Ednfcf
Ednfcfsf
sf Ldcdro
Ldcdroii Ocdstd
Ocdstdsf
sf

Ocdst
Ocdstds
dsff bdru
bdrupo
poko
koc
c su
suot
otu
u tfce
tfceok
okoc
oc uc
uctu
tuk
k bdcl
bdclgf
gfio
iocl
clkoc
koc ro
roso
so sokft
sokft kd
kdtf
tfko
ko
efiokukoc pdbadeogoc eoc adraolof prhsdeur iofc yocl bdcfbauikoc roso sokft, eoiob
goi fcf roso tokut
tokut pdriu
pdriu fkut
fkut efgfio
efgfioclk
clkoc
oc uctuk
uctuk bdcmfp
bdcmfptoko
tokoc
c khcefs
khcefsff hptfbo
hptfboii aolf
aolf
 pdioksocooc pdbadeogoc (]oafsthc, 1:??).
1:??).
 

Ldcdroi ocdstdsf bdrupokoc tfceokoc bdclgfioclkoc roso sokft sdmoro sdctroi

efsdrtof
efsdrtof gfioclcyo
gfioclcyo kdsoeoroc (rdvdrsfaid
( rdvdrsfaid).
). Ufceokoc
Ufceokoc ldcdroi ocdstdsf
ocdstdsf tdreopot
tdreopot adadropo
adadropo
tdkcfk yocl eopot efiokukoc oeoiog ldcdroi ocdstdsf edcloc tdkcfk fctrovdco ocdstdsf
eoc ldcdroi
ldcdroi ocdstd
ocdstdsf
sf edcloc
edcloc fcgoiosf
fcgoiosf yoftu
yoftu edcloc
edcloc  nomd bosk   (suclkup buko) eoc
edcloc tdkcfk fctuaosf yoftu pdbosocloc dcehtrdmgdoi tuad otou loaucloc kdeuocyo
fcgoiosf eoc fctrovdco (Iotfdn, 1::<).  Ocdstdsf ubub bdcurut Obdrfmoc Osshmfotfhc hn 
Ocdstdsfhih
Ocdstdsfhihlfst
lfst bdrupokoc
bdrupokoc pdbadrfoc
pdbadrfoc haot yocl bdclfceuk
bdclfceuksf
sf gfioclcyo
gfioclcyo kdsoeoroc
kdsoeoroc
efboco posfdc tfeok orhusoaid, bdskfpuc edcloc stfbuiosf yocl soclot bdcyokftkoc.
Kdbobp
Kdbobpuoc
uoc uctuk
uctuk bdclot
bdclotur
ur nuclsf
nuclsf pdrcon
pdrconosoc
osoc `ulo
`ulo tdrlocl
tdrlocllu.
lu. Zosfdc
Zosfdc sdrfcl
sdrfclkoi
koiff
bdbautugkoc aoctuoc uctuk bdc`olo potdcsf `oioc conos, eoc tdkococ vdctfiosf phsftfn 
efautugkoc kordco gfioclcyo vdctfiosf sphctoc otou gfioclcyo nuclsf cdurhbuskuior.
Nuclsf korefhvoskuior `ulo tdrlocllu (O]O, 1:?=).

Ocdstdsf ubub efaolf bdc`oef tflo tdkcfk yoftu tdkcfk ocdstdsf thtoi fctrovdco,

ocdstdsf thtoi fcgoiosf, eoc ocdstdsf khbafcosf octoro fctrovdco eoc fcgoiosf yocl sdrfcl
efsdaut aoiocmd ocdstdsfo. Bosfcl-bosfcl eorf tdkcfk tdrsdaut bdbfifkf kdkurocloc eoc
kdidafgoc.
kdidafgoc. Zdbfifgoc tdkcfk
tdkcfk sdrfclkoif
sdrfclkoif eftdctukoc
eftdctukoc hidg koroktdrfstfk
koroktdrfstfk posfdc sdgfcllo
sdgfcllo
tdpot pdcllucooc eoc rdsfkh dndk sobpfcl yocl poifcl bfcfboi. ]oot fcf pdcllucooc
tdkcfk fcf sueog ubub eoc sdrfcl efkdr`okoc.

1. Udkc
Udkcfk
fk Ldcd
Ldcdro
roii Ocdst
Ocdstds
dsff
?) Ldcdroi
Ldcdroi Ocdstds
Ocdstdsff Fctrov
Fctrovdco
dco
Udkcfk
Udkcfk ldcdro
ldcdroii ocdstds
ocdstdsff yocl
yocl efioku
efiokukoc
koc edcloc
edcloc `oioc
`oioc bdcyuc
bdcyuctfk
tfkkoc
koc haot
haot
ocdstdsf pordctdroi ioclsucl kd eoiob pdbauiug eorog vdco.
1) Ldcd
Ldcdroi
roi Ocd
Ocdstd
stdsf
sf Fcgo
Fcgoio
iosf
sf
Udkcfk ldcdroi ocdstdsf yocl efiokukoc edcloc `oioc bdbadrfkoc khbafcosf
haot ocdstdsf fcgoiosf yocl adrupo los eoc otou mofroc yocl bueog bdcluop
bdioiuf oiot otou bdsfc ocdstdsf ioclsucl kd ueoro fcspfrosf.
=) Ocds
Ocdstd
tdsf
sf Fbao
Fbaocl
cl
Bdrupokoc tdkcfk ocdstdsf edcloc bdbpdrlucokoc khbafcosf haot-haotoc aofk 
haot ocdstdsf fctrovdco boupuc haot ocdstdsf fcgoiosf otou khbafcosf tdkcfk 
ldcdroi ocdstdsf edcloc ocoildsfo rdlfhcoi uctuk bdcmopof trfos ocdstdsf sdmoro
hptfboi eoc adrfbaocl, yoftu0
 

 Dndk gfpchsfs,
gfpchsfs, efpdrhidg edcloc
edcloc bdbpdrluc
bdbpdrlucokoc
okoc haot gfpchtfkub
gfpchtfkub otou
haot ocdstdsf ubub yocl iofc.
 Dndk ocoildsfo, efpdrhidg edcloc bdbpdrlucokoc haot ocoildtfk hpfot
otou haot ldcdroi ocdstdsf otou edcloc moro ocoildsfo rdlfhcoi.


Dndk rdioksosf, efpdrhidg edcloc bdbpdrlucokoc haot pdiubpug htht

otou ldcdroi ocdstdsf, otou edcloc moro ocoildsfo rdlfhcoi.

=. ]fstdb
]fstdb Zdbadrfo
Zdbadrfoc
c Haot-
Haot-haot
haotoc
oc Ocdstdsf
Ocdstdsf
?) Hpdc
Hpdc erhp
erhp bdtg
bdtghe
he
Moroo fcf eopot
Mor eopot efluco
eflucokoc
koc uctuk
uctuk ocdstds
ocdstdsfk
fk yocl
yocl bdcluo
bdcluop,
p, pdroiot
pdroiotoc
oc soclot
soclot
sdedrgoco eoc tfeok bogoi. Pot ocdstdtfk eftdtdskoc poeo kopos yocl efidtokkoc
ef edpoc gfeucl pdcedrfto sdgfcllo koeor yocl efgfsop tfeok efkdtoguf, eoc
 pdbokofoccyo ahrhs kordco zot ocdstdtfk bdcluop kd ueoro
ueoro tdrauko.

1) ]dbf
]dbf hp
hpdc
dc erh
erhp
p bdtg
bdtghe
he
Gobpfr
Gobpfr sobo
sobo edcloc
edcloc hpdc
hpdc erhp,
erhp, gocyo
gocyo uctuk
uctuk bdclur
bdclurocl
oclff tdrauo
tdrauocl
clcyo
cyo zot
ocdstdtfk eflucokoc boskdr. Korahcefhksfeo yocl efkdiuorkoc sdrfcl tdrgfsop
kdbaoi
kdbaoiff sdgfcl
sdgfcllo
lo eopot
eopot tdr`oef
tdr`oef gfphks
gfphksfo.
fo. Tctuk
Tctuk bdclgf
bdclgfceo
ceorfc
rfcyo
yo efoifrk
efoifrkoc
oc
vhiubd
vhiubd nrdsg los nihw
nihw yocl
yocl tfcllf
tfcllf bfcfbo
bfcfboii =x eorf
eorf bfcfbo
bfcfboii vhiubd
vhiubd ueoro
ueoro
sdbdcft.
=) ]dbf
]dbf mihs
mihsde
de bdtg
bdtghe
he
Teoro yocl efgfsop efadrfkoc adrsobo hksfldc burcf yocl eopot eftdctukoc
koeorc
koeorcyo
yo kdbue
kdbuefoc
foc efidwo
efidwotko
tkoc
c poeo
poeo vophrf
vophrfzdr
zdr sdgfcl
sdgfcllo
lo koeor
koeor zot ocdstdt
ocdstdtfk 
fk 

eopot eftdctukoc. Teoro copos yocl efkdiuorkoc okoc efauocl kd ueoro iuor.
Kductu
Kductuclo
cloccy
ccyoo eoiobc
eoiobcyo
yo ocdstds
ocdstdsff eopot
eopot efotur
efotur edcloc
edcloc bdbadr
bdbadrfko
fkoc
c koeor 
koeor 
tdrtdctu eorf zot ocdstdtfk, eoc gfphksfo eopot efgfceorf edcloc bdbadrfkoc
vhiubd nrdsg los nihw kurocl eorf ?::% kdautugoc.
5) Mihs
Mihsde
de bdtg
bdtghe
he
Moro fcf gobpfr sobo sdpdrtf sdbf mihsde gocyo ueoro dkspfrosf efoifrkoc bdioiuf
sheo ifbd yocl eopot bdclfkot MH1, sdgfcllo ueoro yocl bdcloceucl ocdstdtfk 
eopot eflucokoc iolf.
 

Eoiob bdbadrfkoc haot-haotoc poeo pdcedrfto yocl okoc bdc`oiocf hpdrosf

boko pdriu efpdrgotfkoc tu`uoccyo yoftu sdaolof prdbdefkosf, fceuksf, bofctdcocmd,
eoc iofc-iofc.

5. Zdrs
Zdrsfo
fopo
poc
c Zro
Zro Hpdr
Hpdros
osff

?) Kuc`
Kuc`uc
uclo
loc
c Zro
Zro Ocdst
Ocdstdsf
dsf

Zosfdc
Zosfdc yocl okoc bdc`oiocf
bdc`oiocf ocdstdsf
ocdstdsf eoc pdbadeogoc
pdbadeogoc (didktfn/eoru
(didktfn/eorurot)
rot) gorus
efpdrsfopkoc edcloc aofk. Kuc`ucloc pro ocdstdsf poeo adeog didktfn efiokukoc ?-1 gorf
sdadiubcyo
sdadiubcyo,, eoc poeo adeog eorurot sdsfclkot buclkfc.
buclkfc. Kuc`uclo
Kuc`ucloc
c pro ocdstdsf poeo
 posfdc yocl okoc bdc`oiocf hpdrosf eoc pdbadeogoc aofk didktfn eoc eorurot butiok 
gorus efiokukoc uctuk kdadrgosfioc tfceokoc tdrsdaut. Oeopuc tu`uoc kuc`ucloc pro
ocdstdsf oeoiog0

o. Bdbpdr
Bdbpdrsfop
sfopkoc
koc bdct
bdctoi
oi eoc nfsfk
nfsfk sdmo
sdmoro
ro hptfbo
hptfboi.
i.

 a. Bdrdcmocokoc eoc bdbfifg tdkcfk sdrto haot-haot ocdstdsf yocl sdsuof edcloc
nfsfk eoc kdgdceok posfdc.
m. Bdcdctukoc stotus nfsfk edcloc kiosfnfkosf O]O ( Obdrfmoc
 Obdrfmoc ]hmfdty
 Ocdstgdsfhihly))
 Ocdstgdsfhihly

Kiosfnfkosf O]O

Kiosfnfkosf O]O Kdtdrocloc

Zosfdc chrboi sdgot, kdiofcoc adeog tdrihkoifsfr, tocpo kdiofcoc nooi,

O]O F
 afhkfbfowf, eoc psfkfotrfs. Oclko bhrtoiftos 1%.

Zosfdc edcloc
Zosfdc edcloc locllu
loclluoc
oc sfstdb
sfstdbfk
fk rfcloc
rfcloc sobpof
sobpof edcloc
edcloc sdeocl
sdeocl
O]O FF sdaolo
sdaoloff okfaot
okfaot kdiofc
kdiofcoc
oc adeog
adeog otou prhsds
prhsds pothnf
pothnfsfh
sfhihl
ihlfs.
fs. Oclko
Oclko
bhrtoiftos ?>%.

Zosfdc edcloc loclluoc sfstdbfk adrot sdgfcllo oktfvftos gorfoc

O]O FFF
tdraotos. Oclko bhrtoiftos =7%.

Zosfdc edcloc loclluoc sfstdbfk adrot yocl bdclocmob `fwo, tfeok 

O]O F^ sdioiu sdbaug edcloc hpdrosf. Bfsoi 0 fcsunfsfdcsf nuclsf hrloc,
oclfco bdcdtop. Oclko bhrtoiftos >7%.

O]O
O]O^ Zos
osfd
fdc
c edc
edcloc
loc kdb
kdbuc
uclk
lkfc
fcoc
oc gfe
gfeu
up kdmf
kdmfi.
i. Ufc
Ufceo
eok
koc hp
hpdr
dros
osff gob
gobpf
pfr 
r 

tok
tok oe
oeoo go
gorop
ropoc
oc.. Ufeo
Ufeok
k efgo
efgoro
ropk
pkoc
oc gf
gfeu
eup
p eo
eoio
iob
b 15 `o
`ob
b to
tocp
cpoo
 

hpdrosf / edcloc hpdrosf. Oclko bhrtoiftos 67%.

O]O
O]O ^F
^F Zo
Zosf
sfdc
dc botf
botf htok
htok yocl
yocl hr
hrlo
loc
c tua
tuaug
ugcy
cyoo oko
okoc
c efo
efoba
bafi
fi (e
(efe
fehc
hchr
hrko
koc)
c)

Tctuk hpdrosf mfth, O]O eftobaog gurun D (Dbdrldcmy) tdrefrf eorf

Dbdrldcmy
kdlowotoc htok, `octucl, poru, fau eoc ocok.

1) Zdbdrf
Zdbdrfksoo
ksooc
c proh
prohpdr
pdrosf
osf ocdstds
ocdstdsff
o. Ocobcdsfs
o) Fedctfnfkosf
Fedctfnfkosf posfdc yocl tdrefrf
tdrefrf eorf cobo, ubur, oiobot,
oiobot, eii.
 a) Kdiugoc soot fcf eoc tfceokoc hpdrosf yocl okoc e
efgoeopf.
fgoeopf.
m) Qf
Qfwo
woyo
yott pd
pdcy
cyok
okft
ft yo
yocl
cl sd
sdeo
eocl
cl/p
/pdrc
drcog
og ef
efed
edrf
rfto
to yo
yocl
cl eo
eopo
pott bdc`
bdc`oe
oeff
 pdcyuift ocdstdsf sdpdrtf oidrlf, efoadtds bdiftus, pdcyokft poru krhcfs
(osbo arhckgfoi, pcdubhcfo, arhckgftfs), pdcyokft `octucl, gfpdrtdcsf,
eoc pdcyokft lfc`oi.

e) Qfwoyot
Qfwoyot haot-haotoc
haot-haotoc yocl
yocl bdifputf
bdifputf oidrlf haot,
haot, fcthidrocsf
fcthidrocsf haot,
haot, eoc haot
haot
yocl sdeocl eflucokoc eoc eopot bdcfbauikoc fctdroksf edcloc haot
oc
ocdst
dstdt
dtfk
fk sdpdrt
sdpdrtff kh
khrtf
rtfkh
khst
stdrh
drhfe
fe,, ha
haot
ot oc
octf
tfgf
gfpd
pdrt
rtdc
dcsf,
sf, oc
octf
tfef
efoa
oadtf
dtfk,
k,
octfafhtfk, lhihcloc obfchlifkhsfe, eoc iofc iofc.
d) Qfwoyot
Qfwoyot ocdstdsf
ocdstdsf eoc hpdrosf
hpdrosf sdadiu
sdadiubcyo
bcyo yocl
yocl tdrefrf
tdrefrf eorf
eorf toclloi,
toclloi, `dcfs
`dcfs
 pdbadeogoc eoc ocdstdsf, khbpifkosf eoc pdrowotoc fctdcsfn posmo
 adeog.
n) Qfwo
Qfwoyo
yott kdaf
kdafos
osoo
ooc
c sd
sdgo
gorf
rf-g
-gor
orff yo
yocl
cl eo
eopo
pott bdbp
bdbpdc
dclo
loru
rugf
gf tfce
tfceok
okoc
oc
ocdstdsf sdpdrtf bdrhkhk, bfcub oikhghi, haot pdcdcocl, corkhtfk 

l) Qfwoyot
Qfwoyot kdiuorlo
kdiuorlo yocl bdcedrfto
bdcedrfto kdiofcoc
kdiofcoc sdpdrtf
sdpdrtf gfpdrtdcsf
gfpdrtdcsf boiflc
boiflco.
o.
g) Qfwo
Qfwoyo
yott adre
adreos
osor
orko
koc
c sf
sfst
stdb
db hr
hrlo
loc
c yo
yocl
cl bdif
bdifpu
putf
tf kd
kdoe
oeoo
ooc
c ubub
ubub,,
 pdrconosoc, korefhvoskuior, lfc`oi, lostrhfctdstfcoi, gdbothihlf,
cdurhihlf, dcehkrfc, psfkfotrfk, hrthpdef eoc edrbothihlf.
 a. Zdbdrfksooc Nfsfk 
o) Kdoeooc
Kdoeooc psfk
psfkfs
fs 0 ldifsog
ldifsog,to
,tokut
kut,, kdsokft
kdsokftoc
oc
 a) Kdoeooc lfzf 0 boicutrfsf otou hadsftos
m) Ufcllf
Ufcllf eoc adrot
adrot aoeoc.
aoeoc. Tctuk bdbpdr
bdbpdrkfr
kfroko
okoc
c ehsfs haot,
haot, tdropf
tdropf mofroc
yocl efpdriukoc, sdrto `ubiog urfc sdiobo eoc sdsueog pdbadeogoc.
 

e) Nrdkudcsf
Nrdkudcsf coef,
coef, tdkococ
tdkococ eorog,
eorog, phio eoc
eoc nrdkudcsf
nrdkudcsf pdrconosoc
pdrconosoc,, sdrto sugu
sugu
tuaug.
d) @oioc
@oioc co
conos
nos (o
(ofrw
frwoy
oy).
). @oioc
@oioc co
cono
noss ef
efpd
pdrf
rfks
ksoo uc
uctu
tuk
k bdcl
bdcldt
dtog
oguf
uf oe
oeoc
ocyo
yo
trfsbus, kdoeooc lflf ldiflf, oeocyo lflf poisu, loclluoc nidksf dkstdcsf
idgd
idgdr,
r, edvf
edvfos
osff hr
hrth
thpd
pdef
ef eoc
eoc edrb
edrbot
othi
hihl
hlf.
f. Oeo
Oeo pu
puio
io pd
pdbd
bdrf
rfks
ksoo
ooc
c
boiiobpotf, yocl efcfiof eorf vfsuoifsosf pdbaukooc buiut boksfboi eoc
 phsfsf prhtusf ifeog. Zdbdrfksooc boiiobpotf soclot pdctfcl uctuk 
bdcd
bdcdct
ctuk
ukoc
oc kd
kdsu
suif
ifto
toc
c otou
otou tfeo
tfeokc
kcyo
yo eo
eoio
iob
b bdio
bdioku
kuko
koc
c fc
fctu
tuao
aosf
sf..
Zdcfiofoccyo yoftu0
 Boiiobpotf F 0 poiotub bhiid, uvuio, efcefcl phstdrfhr hrhpgoryck,
thcsfiio poiotfco eoc thcsfiio pgorfcldoi
 Boiiob
Boiiobpot
potff FF 0 poiotu
poiotub
b bhiid,
bhiid, sdaolf
sdaolfoc
oc uvuio,
uvuio, efcefc
efcefcl
l phstdrf
phstdrfhr 
hr 
uvuio


Boiiobpotf FFF 0 poiotub bhiid, eosor uvuio

 Boiiobpotf F^ 0 poiotub eurub so`o
n) @octucl
@octucl,, uctuk
uctuk bdcld
bdcldvoi
voiuosf
uosf khce
khcefsf
fsf `octu
`octucl
cl
l) Zoru-poru,
Zoru-poru, uctuk
uctuk bdifgot
bdifgot oeocyo
oeocyo efspcdu,
efspcdu, rhckf eoc bdclf
bdclf
g) Oaeh
Oaehbd
bdc,
c, uc
uctu
tuk
k bdif
bdifgo
gott oe
oeoc
ocyo
yo ef
efst
stdc
dcsf,
sf, bosso
bosso,, os
osft
ftds,
ds, gd
gdrc
rcfo
fo,, ot
otou
ou
toceo rdlurlftosf.
f) Dkstr
Dkstrdb
dbft
ftos
os,, tdru
tdruto
tobo
bo uc
uctu
tuk
k bdif
bdifgo
gott oe
oeoc
ocyo
yo pd
pdrnu
rnusf
sf ef
efsto
stoi,
i, sfoc
sfochs
hsfs
fs,,
oeocyo `orf toaug, fcndksf kuift, uctuk bdifgot ef tdbpot-tdbpot puclsf
vdco otou eodrog aihk soron rdlfhcoi

m. Zdbdrf
Zdbdrfksoo
ksooc
c ioahro
ioahrothr
thrfub
fub eoc
eoc pdcuc
pdcuc`oc
`ocl
l iofc
o. Ioa rutfc 0
 Zdbdrfksooc ioa. Eorog

 Trfcd 0 prhtdfc, sdefbdc, rdeuksf

 Nhth rhcltdc ( tghroks )

 DKL
 a. Zdbdrfksooc kgusus, efiokukoc afio oeo fcefkosf
 DKL poeo ocok 

 ]pfrhbdtrf poeo tubhr poru

 Uds nuclsf gotf poeo fktdrus

 

 Nuclsf lfc`oipoeo gfpdrtdcsf

 OLE, didktrhift.

Adadropo pdbdrfksooc prdocdstdsf adsdrto fcefkosfcyo

Ch. Uds Fcefkosf

?, Eorog Idclkop Ocdbfo eoc pdcyokft gdbothihlfk iofccyo

Zdcyokft lfc`oi

Zosfdc yocl bdc`oiocf kdbhtdropf

1. Trdub, mrdotfcfc eoc Zdcyokft lfc`oi

khcsdctrosf didktrhift
Zdcyokft bdtoahifk bfsoicyo; efoadtds bdiiftus

 Cutrfsf oachrboi

Qfwoyot eford, buctog

Haot-haotoc yocl bdruaog kdsdfbaocloc didktrhift
otou bdc
dcu
uc`ukkoc dndk thksfk
sfk eorf oeocyo
oachrb
oachrboift
oiftos
os didktrh
didktrhift
ift sdpdrt
sdpdrtff eflfto
eflftoifk
ifk,, efurdt
efurdtfm,
fm,
octfgfpdrtdcsf, khrtfkhstdrhfe, gfphlifkdbfk oldct.

=. Khcsdc
sdctrosf liukhso eorog Efoadtds Bdiiftus

Zdcyokft gotf yocl adrot

5. Didktrhkorefhlronf Zdcyokft `octucl, gfpdrtdcsf otou pdcyokft poru

krhcfk 

Efoadtds Bdiiftus

4. Mgdst W-roy Zdcyokft rdspfrosf

Zdcyokft korefhvoskuidr 

>. Ortdrfoi aihhe losds Zosfdc sdpsfs

Zdcyokft poru

Zosfdc edcloc kdsuiftoc rdspfrosf

Zosfdc hadsftos
 

Zosfdc yocl okoc tghrokhthbf

<. Udst nuclsf poru Zosfdc yocl okoc hpdrosf tghrokhthbf

Zdcyokft poru sdeocl sobpof adrot sdpdrtf MHZE,

 arhcmgfdmtosfs

7. ]krddc kholuiosf Zdcyokft gdbothihlfm

Zdcyokft gotf yocl adrot

Kholuihpotf

Udro
Udropf
pf oc
octf
tfkh
khol
olui
uioc
oc,, bfso
bfsoi0
i0 oc
octf
tfkh
khol
olui
uioc
oc hr
hroi
oi
(wornorfc) otou gdporfc

6. Udst nuclsf gotf Zdcyokft gdpothafifdr  

Qfwoyot pdcyoglucooc oimhghi

Uubhr edcloc bdtostosd kd gdpor 

?:. Uds nuclsf tgyrhfe Adeog tgyrhfe

Qfwoyot pdcyokft tgyrhfe

Murflo oachrboiftos dcehkrfc sdpdrtf tubhr pftuftorf

Gosfi pdbdrfksooc chrboi oeoiog voife sdiobo pdrfhed woktu, `orok eorf yocl ? bfcllu
(NAM, urdub, mrdotfcfc, khcsdctrosf didktrhift, liukhso eorog), ? auioc (DML), sobpof >
 auioc (mgdst W-roy). Zdbdrfksooc sdaofkcyo efuiocl eoiob kdoeooc adrfkut;
adrfkut;

 Ufbaui ld`oio sdpdrtf cydrf eoeo, eford, buctog

 Zd
Zdcf
cfio
iofo
foc
c uctu
uctuk
k dn
dndk
dktf
tfvf
vfto
toss tdro
tdropf
pf sd
sdpd
pdrt
rtff su
supi
pidb
dbdc
dc ph
phto
toss
ssfu
fub
b uc
uctu
tuk 
k 
gfphkoidbfo, tdropf fcsuifc uctuk gfpdrlifkdbfo, efoiysfs uctuk posfdc edcloc
loloi lfc`oi, prheuk eorog uctuk khrdksf kholuihpotf.

=) Zd
Zdrs
rsfo
fopo
poc
c Oi
Oiot
ot

Goi-goi yocl pdriu efpdrsfopkoc ef kobor hpdrosf octoro iofc oeoiog0

o) Bd`o
Bd`o hpdrosf
hpdrosf edcloc
edcloc osdsh
osdshrfs
rfs yocl
yocl efpdr
efpdriuk
iukoc
oc
 

 a) Bdsfc ocdstdsf edcloc sfstdb oifroc loscyo

m) Oiot-o
Oiot-oiot
iot rdsusf
rdsusftos
tosff (]UOUF
(]UOUFM])
M])
e) Haot-h
Haot-haot
aot ocdst
ocdstdsfo
dsfo yocl
yocl efpdr
efpdriuk
iukoc.
oc.
d) Haot
Haot-h
-hao
aott rdsu
rdsusf
sfto
tosf
sf,, bfso
bfsoic
icyo
yo;; oerd
oerdco
coif
ifc,
c, ot
otrh
rhpf
pfcd
cd,, obfc
obfchn
hnfi
fifc
fc,, co
cotr
trfu
fub
b
 afkorahcot eoc iofc-iofccyo.
n) Ufocl
Ufocl fcnus,
fcnus, piostdr
piostdr eoc iof
iofc-i
c-iofc
ofccyo
cyo..
l) Oiot poctou
poctou tdkoco
tdkococ
c eorog,
eorog, sugu tuaug,
tuaug, eoc DKL
DKL efposocl
efposocl..
g) Oiot-o
Oiot-oiot
iot poctou
poctou yocl
yocl iof
iofc
c efposo
efposocl
cl sdsuof edcloc
edcloc fcefkosf,
fcefkosf, bfsoicyo
bfsoicyo;; ’Zuisd
’Zuisd
Hxybdtdr‒ eoc ’Mopchlron‒.
f) Kort
Kortu
u moto
mototo
toc
c bde
bdefm
fm oc
ocdst
dstds
dsfo
fo
 `) ]difbut pdclgoclot kgusus uctuk
uctuk aoyf eoc hrocl tuo.

Khbphcdc ]UOUFM]

Khbphcdc ]UOUFM]

] ]mhpd ]tdthsmhpd uc
uctuk bd
bdcedclorkoc su
suoro po
poru eo
eoc
 `octucl. Iorfclh-]mhpd0 pfifg afiog otou eouc (aioed)
yocl sdsuof edcloc usfo posfdc. Iobpu gorus mukup
tdrocl.

U Uuads Zfpo trokdo, pfifg sdsuof usfo. Tsfo 9 4 toguc tocpo

 aoihc (munnde) eoc 34 toguc edcloc aoiihhc (munnde).

O Ofrwoys Zfpo bu
buiut-norfcl (L
(Ludedi, hr
hrhtromgdoi of
ofrwoy) ot
otou
 pfpo gfeucl-norfcl (cosf-tromgdoi ofrwoy). Zfpo fcf

bdc
dcoogoc ifeog soot posfdc tfeok so
soe
eor uctuk 
bdcldiokkoc subaotoc `oioc copos.

U Uopds Ziostdr uctuk nfksosf pfpo supoyo tfeok tdrehrhcl otou

tdrmoaut.

F Fctrheumdr Bocerfc ot
o tou st
s tfidt eo
e orf ko
k owot ef
e fauclkus pi
p iostfm
(koadi
(koadi)) yocl
yocl bueog
bueog efadcl
efadclkhk
khkkoc
koc uc
uctuk
tuk pdboce
pdboceu
u
supoyo pfpo trokdo bueog efbosukkoc.

M Mhccdmthr Zdcyobaucl octoro pfpo eoc pdroiotoc ocostdsfo.

] ]umtfhc Zdcydeht idcefr, iueog eoc iofc-iofccyo.

 

4. Zrdb
Zrdbde
defk
fkos
osff Ocds
Ocdstd
tdsf
sf

Zrdbdefkosf
Zrdbdefkosf efadrfkoc
efadrfkoc adreosorkoc
adreosorkoc otos kdoeooc
kdoeooc psfkfs
psfkfs eoc nfsfhihlfs posfdc
yocl
yocl eftdto
eftdtopko
pkoc
c sdtdiog
sdtdiog efioku
efiokukoc
koc kuc`uc
kuc`ucloc
loc proade
proadeog.
og. Edcloc
Edcloc edbfkf
edbfkfoc
oc boko
boko
 pdbfifgoc haot prdbdefkosf yocl okoc eflucokoc gorus sdioiu edcloc

bdbpdrtfbao
bdbpdrtfbaoclko
clkoc
c ubur posfdc, adrot aoeoc
aoeoc,, stotus nfsfk, edro`ot
edro`ot kdmdbosoc,
kdmdbosoc, rfwoyot
 pdbokofoc haot ocdstdsf sdadiubcyo, rfwoyot ghspftoifsosf sdadiubcyo, rfwoyot
 pdcllucooc haot tdrtdctu yocl adrpdclorug tdrgoeop `oioccyo ocdstdsf, pdrkfrooc
iobocyo hpdrosf, bomob hpdrosf, eoc rdcmoco ocdstdsf yocl okoc eflucokoc

Zrdbde
Zrdbdefko
fkosf
sf ocdstds
ocdstdsff oeoiog
oeoiog pdbadr
pdbadrfoc
foc haot
haot sdadiu
sdadiub
b ocdstds
ocdstdsf.
f. Oeopuc
Oeopuc tu`uoc
tu`uoc eorf
eorf
 prdbdefkosf octoro iofc 0

o. Bdbadr
Bdbadrfko
fkoc
c roso cyobo
cyoboc
c aolf posfd
posfdc,
c, bfsoi
bfsoi 0 efozdpo
efozdpob.
b.
 a. Bdclgfioclkoc roso kgowotfr, bfsoi 0 efozdpob

m. Bdbauo
Bdbauott obcdsf
obcdsfo,
o, bfsoi
bfsoi 0 efozd
efozdpob
pob,, bfeozh
bfeozhiob
iob
e. Bdbadr
Bdbadrfko
fkocc ocoilds
ocoildsfo,
fo, bfsoi
bfsoi 0 ndctocyi
ndctocyi,, pdtgfefc
pdtgfefc
d. Bdcmdl
Bdcmdlog
og buctog
buctog,, bfsoi 0 erhpdrf
erhpdrfehi
ehi,, hceocsd
hceocsdctr
ctrhc
hc
n. Bdbpdr
Bdbpdrioc
iocmor
mor fceuks
fceuksf,
f, bfsoi
bfsoi 0 pdtgfe
pdtgfefc
fc
l. Bdcluroclf
Bdcluroclf `ubiog
`ubiog haot-hao
haot-haott ocdstgdsfo
ocdstgdsfo,, bfsoi
bfsoi pdtgfefc
pdtgfefc
g. Bdcdko
Bdcdkoc
c rdnidk-rdn
rdnidk-rdnidk
idk yocl tfeok
tfeok effclfck
effclfckoc,
oc, bfsoi
bfsoi 0 tromurf
tromurfub
ub,, suinos
suinos
otrhpfc.
f. Bdclu
Bdcluro
rocl
clff sdkrd
sdkrdsf
sf kdidc`
kdidc`or
or soiur
soiuroc
oc conos,
conos, bfsoi
bfsoi 0 suin
suinos
os ot
otrh
rhpf
pfc
c eo
eoc
c
gfhsfc.

Zoeo kosus fcf eflucokoc haot prdbdefkosf hceocsdctrhc 5 bl/f.v

Hceocs
Hceocsdtr
dtrhc
hc bdrup
bdrupoko
okoc
c haot
haot sdidkt
sdidktfn
fn tdrgoe
tdrgoeop
op rdsdpth
rdsdpthrr octolh
octolhcfs
cfs 4-
Gferhk
Gferhksf-U
sf-Urfp
rfptob
tobfc
fc (4-GU=
(4-GU=)) ef htok eoc buclkf
buclkfc
c `ulo
`ulo poeo
poeo ondrdc
ondrdc voloi
soiuro
soiuroc
c mdrco.
mdrco. Ef boco sdidktfn
sdidktfn eoc khbpdt
khbpdtftf
ftfnn uctuk
uctuk bdcmdlo
bdcmdlog
g buoi
buoi eoc
buctog
buctog sdtdiog hpdrosf
hpdrosf eoc roefhtdrop
roefhtdropf.
f. Hceocsdctrhc
Hceocsdctrhc bdbaihk
bdbaihk rdsdpthr ef
lostrhfctdstfcoi eoc ordo phstrdbo ef MC] (Zgfifp dt oi., 1::1). Hceocsdtrhc
eopot efadrfkoc sdmoro hroi eoc pordctdroi. Zoeo pdbadrfoc hroi, ehsfs yocl
efad
efadrf
rfko
koc
c oe
oeoi
oiog
og 5-
5-7
7 bl/k
bl/klA
lAA.
A. Zoeo
Zoeo fc
fctro
trovd
vdco
co ef
efad
adrf
rfko
koc
c eh
ehsfs
sfs tu
tucl
cllo
loii
 

hc
hceo
eocs
csdt
dtrh
rhc
c :,?
:,? bl/A
bl/AA
A sd
sdad
adiu
iub
b hp
hpdr
drosf
osf ot
otou
ou ad
adrs
rsob
oboo
ooc
c ed
edcl
cloc
oc fc
fceu
euks
ksff
(Lhheboc eoc Lfiboc, 1::?).

Zoeo pdbadrfoc hroi, haot fcf efoashrasf sdmoro mdpot. Hceocsdtrhc ef

difb
difbfc
fcosf
osf ed
edcl
cloc
oc md
mdpo
pott eo
eorf
rf tu
tuau
aug.
g. Bdtoa
Bdtoahi
hifs
fsbd
bd ha
haot
ot fc
fcff td
tdru
ruto
tobo
bo sd
sdmo
moro
ro

gferhksfiosf eoc khc`ulosf edcloc liukhrhcfeo otou suinot ef gotf (]uifstfo dt oi.,
1::<). Zoeo efsnuclsf gotf tdr`oef pdcurucoc koeor piosbo eoc adrpdclorug poeo
ehsfs
ehsfs yocl
yocl efadrf
efadrfkoc
koc.. Koeor
Koeor sdrub
sdrub eopot
eopot adruao
adruaog
g poeo
poeo pdbadr
pdbadrfoc
foc adrsob
adrsoboo
ndcfthfc ndchaoraftoi eoc rfnobpfc (Hbhfluf, ?66<). Dndk hceocsdtrhc tdrgoeop
korefhvoskuidr sobpof aotos = bl/klAA bosfg oboc, midorocmd hceocsdtrhc
 poeo wocfto eoc hrocl tuo idafg iobaot eoc afhovofioafiftoscyo >:%, fkotoc
edcloc prhtdfc <:-<>%, bdtoahifsbd ef gdpor, efdkskrdsf bdioiuf lfc`oi eoc
woktu porug =,4-4,4 `ob. Buio kdr`o kurocl eorf =: bdcft, iobo oksf >-?1 `ob
(@hgc,
(@hgc, 1::4;
1::4; Zroch
Zrochwh,
wh, 1::>;
1::>; Khvom,
Khvom, 1:::).
1:::). Hceocsd
Hceocsdtrh
trhc
c oeoiog
oeoiog lhihcl
lhihcloc
oc

octolhcfs rdsdpthr sdrhthcfc (4-GU=) bdrupokoc haot yocl sdidktfn bdclgobaot

fkotoc sdrhthcfc
sdrhthcfc eoc rdsdpthr 4-GU=.
4-GU=. Haot-haot
Haot-haot ocdstdsf okoc bdcydaoakoc
bdcydaoakoc
 pdidposoc sdrhthcfc eorf sdi-sdi bukhso dctdrhmgrhbonfc eoc edcloc bdioiuf
ifctosoc yocl bdifaotkoc 4-GU= eopot bdroclsocl ordo phstrdbo bdcfbauikoc
buctog.
buctog. Zdidposoc sdrhthcfc okoc effkot
effkot rdsdpthr
rdsdpthr 4-GU= bdbomu ondrdc volus
yocl
yocl okoc
okoc bdclok
bdcloktfn
tfnkoc
koc rdnidk
rdnidkss buctog
buctog.. ]drhth
]drhthcfc
cfc `ulo
`ulo efidpo
efidposkoc
skoc okfaot
okfaot
bocfp
ocfpui
uios
osff pdbad
dbade
eogoc
ogoc otou
otou fr
frft
ftos
osff usu
suss yo
yoc
cl bdr
droc
ocls
lsoc
ocl
l efstd
fstdcs
csff
lostrhfctdstfcoi (Zrochwh, 1::>).

Dndk octfdbdtfk hceocsdtrhc tdr`oef bdioiuf0

 Aihkoed sdctroi poeo ordo phstrdbo (MUP) eoc cukidus troktus shiftorfus bdioiuf
khbpdtftfn sdidktfn ef rdsdpthr 4-GU=
 Bdbaihk rdsdpthr pdrfndr poeo u`ucl soron volus yoftu edcloc bdclgobaot
fkotoc sdrhthcfc
sdrhthcfc edcloc rdsdpthr
rdsdpthr poeo u`ucl
u`ucl soron volus (\gftd, ?666;
?666; Uhcl,
1::=).

Hceocs
Hceocsdtr
dtrhc
hc efluco
eflucokoc
koc uctuk
uctuk pdcmdl
pdcmdlogo
ogoc
c buoi
buoi eoc buctog
buctog yocl
yocl
 adrguaucloc edcloc hpdrosf eoc pdclhaotoc kockdr edcloc roefhtdropf eoc
sfth
sfthst
stot
otfk
fko.
o. Hceo
Hceocs
csdt
dtrh
rhc
c afoso
afoso efad
efadrf
rfko
koc
c sdmor
sdmoroo hr
hroi
oi eo
eoc
c fc
fctr
trov
ovdc
dcoo otou
otou
fctrob
fctrobusk
uskuid
uidr.
r. Owoi
Owoi kdr`o
kdr`o efa
efadrf
drf :,?-:,
:,?-:,1
1 bl/klA
bl/klAA
A sdmoro
sdmoro pdriog
pdriogoc
oc bdioiu
bdioiuff
 

fctrov
fctrovdco
dco otou
otou fcnus
fcnus uctuk
uctuk ?4 bdcft
bdcft sdadiub
sdadiub tfceok
tfceokoc
oc hpdrosf
hpdrosf.. Eoc efsusu
efsusuii
 pdbadrfoc hroi edcloc ehsfs 5-7 bl/klAA tfop ?1 `ob sdiobo 4 gorf (]uifstfo,
1::<).

>. Fc
Fctu
tuao
aosf
sf Coso
Cosoii

]uotu tfceokoc bdbosukkoc pfpo kgusus kd eoiob trokdo, sdgfcllo `oioc conos
 adaos gobaotoc eoc conos bueog efkdceoifkoc.
efkdceoifkoc.

Fctuaosf trokdo adrtu`uoc uctuk 0

o) Bdbpdr
Bdbpdrbue
bueog
og pdbadr
pdbadrfoc
foc ocdstds
ocdstdsf.
f.
 a) Bdbpdrtogockoc `oioc conos olor tdtop adaos.
m) Bdcmdl
Bdcmdlog
og kdbucl
kdbuclkfc
kfcoc
oc ospfrosf
ospfrosf iobau
iobaucl.
cl.
e) Bdbpdrbueo
Bdbpdrbueog
g pdclgf
pdclgfsopoc
sopoc sdkrdt trokgdharh
trokgdharhckfoi
ckfoi..
d) Zdboko
Zdbokofoc
foc vdctfi
vdctfiosf
osf yocl
yocl iobo.
iobo.
n) Bdclot
Bdclotosf
osf ha
hastru
struksf
ksf iorfcl
iorfcl okut.
okut.
<. Fc
Fceu
euks
ksff Ocds
Ocdstd
tdsf
sf

Fceuksf bdrupokoc soot efbosukkoccyo zot ocdstdsf sobpof tdrmopofcyo stoefub

 pdbadeogoc yocl sdioc`utcyo eftdruskoc edcloc togop pdbdifgorooc ocdstdsf uctuk 
bdbpdrtogockoc otou bdbpdreoiob stoefub ocdstdsf sdtdiog fceuksf.

Zoeo kosus fcf eflucokoc haot fceuksf ocdstdsf

ocds tdsf prhphnhi ?:: bl/f.v

Zrhphnhi (1,>-effshprhpgyipgdchi) oeoiog mobpuroc ?% haot eoiob ofr 

eoc dbuisf yocl adrfsf ?:% shyo adoc hfi, ?,1% pghspgotfed tdiur eoc 1,14%
liysdrhi. Ehsfs yocl efoc`urkoc 1,4 bl/klAA uctuk fceuksf tocpo prdbdefkosf.
Zrhphn
Zrhphnhi
hi bdbfif
bdbfifkf
kf kdmdpo
kdmdpotoc
toc hcsdt
hcsdt yocl
yocl sobo
sobo edcloc
edcloc aoraft
aorafturo
urott fctrov
fctrovdco
dco
iofccyo, cobuc pdbuifgoccyo idafg mdpot eoc posfdc eopot efobauiosf idafg
mdpot sdtdiog ocdstdsf ubub. ]diofc ftu, sdmoro sua`dktfn, posfdc bdroso idafg
 aofk sdtdiog phsthpdrosf kordco prhphnhi bdcluroclf buoi eoc buctog
 phsthpdrosf. Zrhphnhi eflucokoc aofk sdaolof fceuksf boupuc bdbpdrtogockoc
ocdstdsf eoc bdrupokoc oldc pfifgoc uctuk hpdrosf aolf posfdc rowot `oioc. Haot
fcf `ulo dndktfn eoiob bdclgosfikoc sdeosf adrkdpoc`ocloc poeo posfdc eoiob
kdoeooc
kdoeooc krftfs.
krftfs. Zdcllucooc
Zdcllucooc prhphnhi
prhphnhi sdaolof
sdaolof sdeosf poeo ocok kdmfi yocl sokft
 

 adrot (krftfs) eopot bdbfmu tfbauicyo osfehsfs adrot eoiob kdoeooc tdreopot
fcndksf pdrcoposoc eoc kdbuclkfcoc oeocyo skudid cdurhihlfk 

.  Zdbadrfoc prhphnhi (1bl/kl) fctrovdco bdclfceuksf ocdstdsf sdmoro

mdpot. Qoso cydrf koeocl-koeocl tdr`oef ef tdbpot suctfkoc, tdtopf `orocl efsdrtof

 pidaftfs otou trhbahsfs. Ocdstdsf eopot efpdrtogockoc edcloc fcnus prhphnhi

yocl adrkdsfcobaucl
adrkdsfcobaucloc
oc edcloc
edcloc hpfot,
hpfot, C1H eoc/otou ocdstdtfk
ocdstdtfk fcgoiosf
fcgoiosf iofc.
Zrhphnhi eopot bdcydaoakoc turuccyo tdkococ eorog yocl mukup adrortf sdiobo
fceuksf ocdstdsf kordco bdcuruccyo rdsftdcsf ortdrf pdrfndr eoc vdchefiotosf.
Zrhphn
Zrhphnhi
hi bdcuru
bdcurucko
ckoc
c tdkoco
tdkococ
c ortdrf
ortdrf sfstdbf
sfstdbfk
k kfro-k
kfro-kfro
fro 7:% tdtopf
tdtopf dndk fcf
efsdao
efsdaoak
akoc
oc kordco
kordco voshef
voshefiot
iotosf
osf pdrfndr
pdrfndr eorfpo
eorfpoeo
eo pdcuru
pdcurucoc
coc murog
murog `octuc
`octucl.
l.
Udkococ sfstdbfk kdbaoif chrboi edcloc fctuaosf trokdo.

]dtdiog pdbadrfoc prhphnhi sdmoro fctrovdco, woktu porug efstrfausfcyo

oeoiog
oeoiog 1-7 bdcft,
bdcft, eoc woktu
woktu porug
porug rdefstr
rdefstrfau
fausfc
sfcyo
yo kfro-kf
kfro-kfro
ro =:->:
=:->: bdcft.
bdcft.
Zrhphnhi mdpot efbdtoahifsbd ef gotf ?: koif idafg mdpot eorfpoeo tgfhpdctgoi
 poeo tfkus. Zrhphnhi efdkskrdsfkoc kd eoiob urfc sdaolof liukhrhcfe eoc suinot
khc`ulot, edcloc kurocl eorf ?% efdkskrdsf eoiob adctuk osifcyo. Kifrdcs tuaug
thto
thtoii oc
ocds
dstd
tdsf
sfcy
cyoo idaf
idafg
g adso
adsorr eorf
eorfpo
poeo
eo oi
oifr
froc
oc eoro
eorog
g gd
gdpo
potf
tfk,
k, sd
sdgf
gfcl
cllo
lo
difbfcosfcy
difbfcosfcyoo bdifaotkoc
bdifaotkoc bdkocfsbd
bdkocfsbd dkstrogdpotfk
dkstrogdpotfk sdiofc bdtoahifsbdc
bdtoahifsbdcyo
yo hidg
dczfb-
dczfb-dcz
dczfb
fb gotf.
gotf. Zrhphn
Zrhphnhi
hi eopot
eopot adr
adrboc
bocnoot
noot aolf
aolf posfdc
posfdc edcloc
edcloc locllu
loclluoc
oc
kdbobp
kdbobpuoc
uoc eoiob
eoiob bdbdtoa
bdbdtoahif
hifsbd
sbd ha
haot-h
ot-haot
aot ocdstds
ocdstdsff sdeotf
sdeotf yocl
yocl iofccyo
iofccyo..
Zrhphnhi tfeok bdrusok nuclsf gotf eoc lfc`oi. Oifroc eorog kd htok, bdtoahifsbd
htok
htok eoc tdkoco
tdkococ
c fctrok
fctrokroc
rocfoi
foi okoc
okoc bdcuru
bdcuruc.
c. Kductu
Kductuclo
cloc
c prhph
prhphnhi
nhi kordco
kordco
 adkdr`o idafg mdpot eorf tfhpdctoi eoc khcvuisf posmo hpdrosf yocl bfcfboi.
bfcfboi.

Zrhphnhi bdrupokoc haot fceuksf ocdstdsf mdpot. Haot fcf efefstrfausfkoc

mdpot
mdpot eoc efdifb
efdifbfco
fcosf
sf sdmoro
sdmoro mdpot.
mdpot. Gfphtd
Gfphtdcsf
csf tdr`oe
tdr`oeff sdaolo
sdaoloff okfaot
okfaot edprdsf
edprdsf
ioclsucl poeo htht `octucl eoc bdcuruccyo togococ voskuidr sfstdbfk.
s fstdbfk. Zrhphnhi
tfeok bdbpucyof dndk ocoildsfk. Efaocefclkoc edcloc tfhpdctoi woktu puifg
soeor idafg mdpot eoc `orocl tdreopot buoi eoc buctog. Zoeo ehsfs yocl rdceog
 prhphnhi bdbfifkf dndk octfdbdtfk.

Dn
Dndk
dk so
sobp
bpfc
fcl
l pr
prhp
hphn
hnhi
hi poeo
poeo sfst
sfstdb
db pd
pdrc
rcon
onos
osoc
oc oe
oeoc
ocyo
yo ed
edpr
prds
dsff
 pdrconosoc, opcdo, arhckhsposbd, eoc iorfclhsposbd. Zoeo sfstdb
 

korefhvoskuidr adrupo gfphtdcsf, orftbfo, tokfkoref, aroefkoref, gfpdrtdcsf. Zoeo

susucoc syoron pusot oeocyo sokft kdpoio, pusfcl, dunhrfo, kdafclucloc, eii.
Zoeoo eodrog
Zoe eodrog pdcyuc
pdcyuctfk
tfkoc
oc eopot
eopot tdr`
tdr`oef
oef cydrf
cydrf sdgfcl
sdgfcllo
lo soot pdbadr
pdbadrfoc
foc eopot
eopot
efmobpurkoc ifehkofc (1:-4: bl).

7. Haot
Haot Zdiu
Zdiubp
bpug
ug Hth
Hthtt

Haot lhihcloc fcf bdclgobaot trocsbfsf cdurhbusmuior sdgfcllo bdcfbauikoc

kdiubpugoc poeo htht roclko. Bdcurut bdkocfsbd kdr`ocyo, haot fcf efaolf bdc`oef 1
lhihcloc yoftu haot pdclgobaot sdmoro edphiorfsosf rdsfstdc, bfsoicyo suksfcfi khifc,
eoc haot pdclgobaot khbpdtftfn otou chcedphiorfsosf, bfsoi kurorfc.

Eoiob
Eoiob ocdstds
ocdstdsff ubub,
ubub, haot
haot fcf bdbueo
bdbueogk
gkoc
oc eoc bdclur
bdclurocl
oclff mdedro
mdedro tfceok
tfceokoc
oc
iorfclhskhpf eoc fctuaosf trokdo, sdrto bdbadrf rdioksosf htht yocl efautugkoc eoiob
 pdbadeogoc eoc vdctfiosf kdceoif.

Haot pdiubpug htht yocl eflucokoc eoiob kosus fcf oeoiog otromurfub 1: bl/f.v

Otromurfub bdrupokoc haot pdiubpug htht chc edphiorfsosf yocl rdiotfn 

 aoru yocl bdbpucyof struktur adczfifshqufchifc yocl adrosoi eorf tocoboc
Idhctfmd
Idhctfmd idhcthpdtoi
idhcthpdtoitub.
tub. Adadropo
Adadropo kduclluioc
kduclluioc otrokurfub
otrokurfub efaocefclk
efaocefclkoc
oc edcloc
edcloc
haot tdreoguiu octoro iofc oeoiog 0

o) Bdto
Bdtoah
ahif
ifsb
sbdd tdr`
tdr`oe
oeff eo
eoio
iob
b eo
eorog
rog (p
(pio
iosb
sbo)
o) td
tdru
ruto
tobo
bo bdio
bdioiu
iuff suot
suotu
u rd
rdok
oksf
sf
kfbfo ucfk yocl efsdau
efsdautt rdoksf kfbfo ghnnboc. Qdoksf fcf tfeok adrloctucl
adrloctucl
 poeo nuclsf gotf eoc lfc`oi.

 a) Ufeok bdbpucyof dndk okubuiosf poeo pdbadrfoc

pdbadrfoc adruiocl.
m) Ufeok bdcyda
bdcydaoakoc
oakoc pdruao
pdruaogoc
goc nuclsf
nuclsf korefhvo
korefhvoskuid
skuidrr yocl adrbokc
adrbokco.
o.

Buio eoc iobo kdr`o otromurfub adrloctucl poeo ehsfs yocl efpokof. Zoeo
ububcyo buiof kdr`o otromurfub poeo ehsfs fctuaosf oeoiog 1-= bdcft, sdeocl iobo
kdr`o otromurfub edcloc ehsfs rdioksosf ?4-=4 bdcft. Zdbuifgoc nuclsf soron htht
eopot tdr`oef sdmoro sphctoc (sdsueog iobo kdr`o haot adrokgfr) otou efaoctu edcloc
 pdbadrfoc octfkhifcdstdrosd. Cobpokcyo otromurfub eopot bdc`oef haot tdrpfifg
uctuk posfdc ldrfotrfk otou posfdc edcloc pdcyokft `octucl eoc lfc`oi yocl adrot.
 

Kdbo
Kdboso
soc
c efau
efauot
ot eo
eoio
iob
b ? obpu
obpuii ad
adrf
rfsf
sf 4 bi yo
yocl
cl bdcl
bdcloc
oceu
eucl
cl 4: bl
otromurfub
otromurfub adsfiot.
adsfiot. ]toafiftos
]toafiftos iorutoc
iorutoc soclot adrloctucl
adrloctucl poeo pdcyfbpococ
pdcyfbpococ poeo
sugu efclfc eoc pdrifceucloc tdrgoeop pdcyfcoroc.

 Ehsfs fctuaosf 0 :,4 ” :,> bl/klAA/fv

 Ehsfs rdioksosf htht 0 :,4 ” :,> bl/klAA/fv

 Ehsfs pdbdifgorooc 0 :,? ” :,1 bl/klAA/ fv
6. Zdbd
Zdbdif
ifgo
goro
rooc
oc Ocds
Ocdstd
tdsf
sf
?) Cf
Cftr
trhu
huss Hks
Hksfe
feoo (C1H)
Bdrupokoc los yocl tfeok adrworco, adraou bocfs eoc tfeok frftotfn,
tfeok adroso, idafg adrot eorf ueoro, tfeok bueog tdraokor/bdideok, eoc tfeok 
 adrdoksf edcloc sheo ifbd oashradr (pdclfkot MH1). Bdbpucyof sfnot ocdstdsf
yocl kurocl kuot, tdtopf eopot bdioiuf stoefub fceuksf edcloc mdpot, kordco los
fcf tfeok iorut eoiob eorog. Los fcf tfeok bdbpucyof sfnot bdrdioksosf htht, hidg
kordco
kordco ftu poeo
poeo hpdrosf
hpdrosf oaehbd
oaehbdc
c eoc hrthpd
hrthpdef
ef pdriu
pdriu tobaog
tobaogoc
oc edcloc
edcloc zot
rdioksosf htht. Udrgoeop ]]Z bdcfbauikoc ocoildsf yocl adrortf. Edprdsf conos
tdr`oef poeo boso pdbuifgoc, goi fcf tdr`oef kordco Cftrhus Hksfeo bdcedsok 
hksfldc
hksfldc eoiob ruocloc-ruocl
ruocloc-ruocloc
oc tuaug.
tuaug. Gfphksf
Gfphksf efnusf eopot efmdlog
efmdlog edcloc
edcloc
 pdbadrfoc hksfldc khcsdctrosf tfcllf adadropo bdcft sdadiub ocdstdsf sdidsof.
Zdcllucoo
Zdcllucooc
c afosocyo
afosocyo efpokof
efpokof pdraocefcl
pdraocefcloc
oc otou khbafcosf
khbafcosf edcloc
edcloc hksfldc.
hksfldc.
Zdcllucooc eoiob ocdstdsf ububcyo efpokof eoiob khbafcosf C1H 0 H 1 oeoiog
sdaolof adrfkut >:% 0 5:% ; <:% 0 =:% otou 4:% 0 4:%
1) ]dvh
dvhniu
niuro
roc
cd
Bdrupokoc los ocdstdsf goihldcosf dtdr, efkdbos eoiob adctuk mofroc,
tfeok adrworco, tfeok dkspihsfn, tfeok adraou, eoc tfeok frftotfn sdgfcllo aofk 
uctuk
uctuk fceuks
fceuksff fcgoio
fcgoiosf.
sf. Zrhsds
Zrhsds fceuks
fceuksff eoc pdbuif
pdbuifgoc
goccyo
cyo poifcl
poifcl mdpot
mdpot eorf
eorf
sdbuo haot-haotoc ocdstdsf fcgoiosf yocl oeo poeo soot fcf. Zdcllucooc uctuk 
 pdbdifgorooc sdkftor ? ” 1%.
=) Fsh
shni
niu
urocd
rocd
Bdrupokoc los ocdstdsf goihldcosfdtdr, efkdbos eoiob adctuk mofroc,
tfeok adrworco, tfeok dkspihsfn, tfeok bdcloceucl pdclowdt, eoc rdiotfn tfeok 
ioru
iorutt eo
eoio
iob
b eo
eorog
rog topf
topf mu
muku
kup
p frf
frfto
totf
tfnn td
tdrg
rgoe
oeop
op `o
`oio
ioc
c co
cono
noss sd
sdgf
gfcl
cllo
lo eo
eopo
pott
bdcfbauikoc aotuk. Zdcllucooc los fcf uctuk pdbdifgorooc :.4 ” 1.4%.
 

5) Bhcf
Bhcfth
thrfc
rfcl
l Fc
Fctr
troH
oHpd
pdro
rosf
sf
Goi-goi yocl pdriu efbhcfthr kdtfko euroctd hpdrosf, octoro iofc 0
o) Udk
dkoc
ococ
oc Eor
orog
og
 a) Nrdkudcsf Coef

m) ]pH1
e) Fcto
Fctokd
kd eoc
eoc hut
hutpu
putt mofro
mofroc
c
d) @ubi
@ubiog
og Z
Zdr
dreo
eoro
rogo
goc
c

?:. Udropf
Udropf Mofro
Mofroc
c

Zrfcsfp eosor tdropf mofroc oeoiog mofroc yocl efadrfkoc gorus bdcedkotf `ubiog
eoc khbphsfsf mofroc yocl gfiocl. Udropf mofroc pdrfhpdrotfn adrtu`uoc uctuk 0

o) Bdbdcugf
Bdbdcugf kdautugo
kdautugoc
c mofroc,
mofroc, didktrhift
didktrhift eoc eorog
eorog yocl
yocl gfiocl
gfiocl sdiobo hpdrosf.
hpdrosf.
 a) Bdclotosf syhk eoc kdiofcoc yocl eftfbauikoc
eftfbauikoc kordco tdropf yocl efadrfkoc.

Zdbadrfoc mofroc hpdrosf efaolf bdc`oef =, yoftu0

?) Zro hpdr
droosf

Eopot tdr`oef ednfsft mofroc kordco kurocl bokoc, puoso, buctog, pdclgfsopoc
fsf iobaucl, pdcubpukoc mofroc poeo ruocl kdtflo sdpdrtf poeo fidus hastruktfn,
 pdreorogoc, iuko aokor eoc iofciofc. Kdautugoc mofroc uctuk edwoso eoiob 15 `ob
`o b
oeoiog 1 bi / kl AA / `ob. ]dtfop kdcofkoc sugu ?: Mdimfus kdautugoc mofroc
 adrtobaog ?:-?4 %.

1) ]d
]dio
iobo
bo hpdr
hpdros
osff

Eopot tdr`oef kdgfiocloc mofroc kordco prhsds hpdrosf. Kdautugoc mofroc poeo
edwoso uctuk hpdrosf 0

 Qfcloc 2 5 bi/klAA/`ob.

 ]deocl 2 > bi/klAA/`ob

 Adrot 2 7 bi/klAA/`ob.
 

Afio tdr`oef pdreorogoc sdiobo hpdrosf, ef boco pdreorogoc kurocl eorf ?: %

DA^ boko mukup efloctfkoc edcloc mofroc krfstoihfe. Opoafio pdreorogoc idafg eorf ?:
% boko eopot efpdrtfbaoclkoc pdbadrfoc piosbo / khihfe / edkstroc.

=) ]d
]dtd
tdio
iog
g hpd
hpdro
rosf
sf

Zdbadrfoc mofroc posmo hpdrosf eftdctukoc adreosorkoc ednfsft mofroc sdiobo

hpdrosf eftobaog kdautugoc sdgorf-gorf posfdc.

??. Zdbui
Zdbuifgo
fgoc
c

Zosmo ocdstdsf efiokukoc pdbuifgoc eoc pdrowotoc posmo hpdrosf eoc ocdstdsf
yocl afosocyo efiokukoc ef ruocl puifg soeor otou rdmhvdry rhhb yoftu
rhhb yoftu ruocloc uctuk 
hasdrv
hasdrvosf
osf posfdc
posfdc posmo
posmo otou ocdstds
ocdstdsf.
f. Quocl
Quocl puifg
puifg soeor
soeor bdrupo
bdrupokoc
koc aotu
aotu ihcmot
ihcmotoc
oc
sdadiub posfdc efpfceogkoc kd aoclsoi otou bosfg bdbdriukoc pdrowotoc fctdcsfn ef
FMT.
FMT. Edcl
Edcloc
oc ed
edbf
bfkf
kfoc
oc po
posf
sfdc
dc po
posm
smoo hp
hpdro
drosf
sf otou
otou oc
ocdst
dstds
dsff eo
eopo
pott td
tdrg
rgfc
fceo
eorr eo
eorf
rf
khbpifkosf yocl efsdaoakoc kordco hpdrosf otou pdclorug ocdstdsfcyo.

Tctuk bdbfceogkoc posfdc eorf ruocl puifg soeor kd ruocl pdrowotoc pdriu
efiokukoc skhrfcl tdctocl khcefsf posfdc sdtdiog ocdstdsf eoc pdbadeogoc. Adadropo
moro skhrfcl yocl afoso efpokof uctuk ocdstdsf ubub yoftu moro Oierdtd eoc ]tdwore,
efboco moro ]tdwore buio-buio eftdropkoc uctuk posfdc ocok-ocok, tdtopf sdkorocl
soclot iuos pdbokofoccyo, tdrbosuk uctuk hrocl edwoso. ]deoclkoc uctuk rdlfhcoi
ocdstdsf eflucokoc skhr Arhbold.

Oierdtd ]mhrfcl ]ystdb

Ch. Krftdrfo ]khr

Oktfvftos  Bobpu bdclldrokkoc kd-5  1

dkstrdbftos otos pdrfctog otou sdmoro
bhthrfk 
soeor.
 ?
 Bobpu bdclldrokkoc 1 dkstrdbftos
otos pdrfctog otou sdmoro soeor.  :
 Ufeok bobpu bdclldrokkoc
dkstrdbftos otos pdrfctog otou sdmoro

soeor.
 

Qdspfrosf     Conos oedkuot eoc eopot aotuk   1

  Conos kurocl oedkuot / efstrdss /  ?

gfphvdctfiosf
 Opcdu/tfeok adrconos
 :
]frkuiosf   
Udkococ eorog adradeo ¿ 1:% eorf 
1
sdbuio
 Udko
Udkoco
coc
c eo
eorog
rog ad
adra
rade
deoo ¿ 1:
1:-4
-4:%
:%
 ?
eorf sdbuio
 Udkoco
Udkococ
c eorog
eorog adrade
adradeoo 34:%
34:% eorf
eorf
 :
sdbuio
Kdsoeoroc    ]oeor pdcug  1

 Aocluc `fko efpocllfi  ?

 Ufeok oeo rdsphc otou adiub soeor   :

\orco kuift    

Kdbdrogoc otou sdpdrtf sdbuio 1

 Zumot  ?

]fochsfs   :
Oierdtd smhrd ≤ 7, tocpo cfiof :, boko eopot efpfceog kd ruocl pdrowotoc.

]tdwore ]mhrfcl ]ystdb

Ch. Krftdrfo ]khr

?. Kdsoeoroc    Aocluc  1

 Qdsphc tdrgoeop stfbuif  ?

 Uok oeo rdsphc  :

1. @oioc copos    Aotu
Aotuk
k otos
otos pdrf
pdrfct
ctog
og ot
otou
ou  1
bdcoclfs
 Bdbpdrt
rtoogockoc `oioc
 ?
conos edcloc aofk 
 Zdriu aoctuoc uctuk  
bdbpdrtogockoc `oioc conos  :

=. Ldrokoc   
Bdcl
Bdclld
ldro
rokk
kkoc
oc oc
ocl
llh
lhto
to   
1
 

 aoeoc edcloc tu`uoc

 Ldrokoc tocpo boksue
 ?
 Ufeok adrldrok 
 :
]tdwore smhrd ≤4 ahidg efpfceog ruocloc.
 

AOA FFF

UFC@OTOC KO]T]

O. Zdcl
Zdclko
ko`f
`foc
oc
Gorf / toclloi
toclloi 0 ]dioso, = Chvdbadr 1:1:
1:1:

@ob 0 :6.=: \FA

Udbpot 0 Q] W
Bdthed 0 \owocmoro, hasdrvosf, pdbdrfksooc nfsfk, stuef ehkubdc
]ubadr eoto 0 Zosfdc, pdtulos kdsdgotoc, rdkob bdefk posfdc
Hidg 0 Zdrowot O

?. Fedc
Fedctf
tfto
toss Zo
Zosf
sfdc
dc
 Cobo 0 Uc. ]
Tbur 0 4? Uoguc

@dcfs Kdiobfc 0 Idiokf

Olobo 0 Fsiob
]totus Zdrcfkogoc 0 Bdcfkog
Oiobot 0 Vhlyokorto
Zdcefefkoc 0 ]BO
Zdkdr`ooc 0 \froswsto
Efolchsfs Bdefs 0 Mghidiftfosfs
Qdcmoco Ufceokoc 0 Ioporosmhpy
Ehktdr Adeog 0 er. A, ]p.A.

Ehktdr Ocdstdsf 0 er. B, ]p.Oc.

 Ch. Qdkob Bdefs 0 7<51**
 

UOGOZ ZQD OCD]UD]F

?. Qfwo
Qfwoyo
yott Kds
Kdsdg
dgot
otoc
oc
o. Kdiu
Kdiug
goc utob
utoboo
Zosfdc bdcldiug pdrut cydrf, sdbokfc cydrf uctuk adroktfvftos (Z), cydrf

sdpdrtf efrdbos rdbos (_), tfeok bdc`oior (Q), skoio > (]), cydrf gfiocl
tfbaui (U). Zosfdc cobpok bdcydrfclof bdcogoc cydrf.
 a. Qfwoyot Zdcyokft ]dkorocl
Zosfdc bdclotokoc cydrf pdrut sd`ok ? gorf yocl ioiu.
m. Qf
Qfwo
woyo
yott Zdc
Zdcyo
yokf
kftt Eog
Eogui
uiu
u
Zosfdc bdclotokoc adiub pdrcog bdc`oiocf hpdrosf sdadiubcyo, bdbfifkf
rfwoyot gfpdrtdcsf edcloc pdclhaotoc rutfc. Zosfdc `ulo bdbfifkf rfwoyot
UA edcloc pdclhaotoc rutfc > auioc ef toguc 1:?6.
e. Qf
Qfwo
woyo
yott Zdcyo
Zdcyokf
kftt Kdiuo
Kdiuorl
rloo

Zosfdc bdclotokoc bdbfifkf rfwoyot gfpdrtdcsf eoiob kdiuorlocyo.

1. Zd
Zdbd
bdrf
rfks
ksoo
ooc
c Nfs
Nfsfk 
fk 
o. Kdoeoo
Kdoeooc
c Tbub
Tbub eoc Uoceo-
Uoceo-Uoc
Uoceo
eo ^fto
^ftoii
Kdsoeoroc 0 Mhbphs bdctfs
LM] 0 D5 B> ^4
Udkococ Eorog 0 ?5>/<< bbGl
 Gdort Qotd 0 ??7 x/bdcft
 Qdspfrotfhc Qotd 
Qotd  0 ?7 x/bdcft
]ugu 0 =>,>°M

]pH1  0 ?::%
 a. Octrhphbdtrf
Adrot Aoeoc 0 64 kl
Ufcllf Aoeoc 0 ?47 mb
m. ]t
]tot
otu
us Ldc
Ldcdr
droi
oifs
fs
?) Kdpoio 0 adctuk
adctuk bdshmdpoi,
bdshmdpoi, tfeok oeo adc`hioc
adc`hioc
1) Boto 0 khc`ucltfvo tfeok ocdbfs, skidro tfeok fktdrfk  
=) Udifclo 0 pdcedcloroc aofk, tfeok tdreopot sdrubdc
5) Gfeucl 0 tfeok oeo sdkrdt

4) Buiut 0 tf
tfeok bd
bdbokof lf
lflf po
poisu, tf
tfeok oe
oeo lf
lflf lh
lhyocl, tf
tfeok  
 

bdbokof kowot lflf, boiobpotf F, eopot bdbauko buiut

>) \o`og 0 tfeok oeo idsf
<) Idgdr 0 ldrok i dg
dgdr adaos, idgdr pdcedk e ooc
c ad
a dridbok, tfeok  
tdreopot pdcfclkotoc vdco `uluiorfs, tfeok tdreopot pdbadsoroc kdidc`or 

tfrhfe
7) Kuift 0 turlhr kuift aofk  
6) Ughroks
(o) Zoru
Zoru-Z
-Zoru
oru
Fc
Fcsp
spdk
dksf
sf 0 pdcl
pdcldb
dbao
aocl
cloc
oc poru
poru koco
kococ
c eoc
eoc kfrf
kfrf sobo
sobo
Zoip
oipos
osff 0 Nrd
Nrdb
bftus
ftus ro
roao
ao koco
kococ
c kfr
kfrff sob
soboo
Zdrkusf 0 ]hchr  
Ouskuitosf 0 ]uoro copos vdsfmuior +/+, wgddzfcl -/-, rhcmkgf -/-
(a)
(a) @octu
@octucl
cl

Fc
Fcsp
spdk
dksf
sf 0 tf
tfeo
eok
k oe
oeoo kdio
kdiofc
fcoc
oc
Zoip
oiposf 0 tfeok oeo kdiofcoc
Zd
Zdrk
rkus
usff 0 Aot
Aotos
os `oc
`octu
tucl
cl kdso
kdsoc
c tfeo
tfeok
k bdi
bdida
daor 
or 
Ouskuitosf 0Aucyf `octucl
`octucl F-FF fctdcsftos chrboi, rdluior, bur-bur (-)
?:) Oaehbdc
Oaehbdc
Fcspdksf 0 tfeok oeo adc`hioc, idsf, adctuk mdbaucl
Ouskuitosf 0 aucyf usus chrboi
Zdrkusf 0 tfbpocf
Zoiposf 0 cydrf tdkoc (+)

??) Ldcftoifo
Ldcftoifo 0 tdrposocl EM
?1) Dkstrdbftos
Dkstrdbftos
(o)
(o) Otos
Ufeo
Ufeok
k oe
oeoo de
dedb
dbo,
o, tdrp
tdrposo
osocl
cl fc
fcnu
nuss bokr
bokrh,
h, mofro
mofroc
c rfcl
rfcldr
dr io
iokt
ktot
ot ef
tocloc kfrf, tdtdsoc iocmor 
(a)
(a) Aowo
Aowog
g
Ufeok oeo dedbo
 

=. Zdbd
Zdbdrf
rfks
ksooc
ooc Zdcu
Zdcuc`
c`oc
ocl
l
Zdbdrfksooc Ioahrothrfub 0

Zdbdrfksooc Gosfi ]otuoc Cfiof Chrboi

GDBOUHIHLF

Drftrhsft (QAM) 5,? ?:S>/uI =,7:-4,1:

Gdbhlihafc I ??,> l/eI ??,<-?4,4

(GAL)
Gdbothkrft (GMU) I =
 =5
5 % =4-5<

Urhbahsft (ZIU) 1=1 ?:S=/uI ?4:-5::

Idukhsft (\AM) >,? ?:S=/uI =,>-??,:

ZQHNFI MU/AU

Boso Zdbadkuoc/MU 5.:: bdcft =->

Boso pdceorogoc/AU 1.=: bdcft ?-=

5. Kdsfbp
Kdsfbpuio
uioc
c 0 ]totus
]totus Nfsfk
Nfsfk O]O FF edclo
edcloc
c Gfpdrtd
Gfpdrtdcsf
csf
4. Qdcmoc
Qdcmocoo Ocdstds
Ocdstdsf0
f0 Ldcdroi
Ldcdroi Ocds
Ocdstdsf
tdsf edcl
edcloc
oc Dcehtromgdoi
 Dcehtromgdoi Uuad (DUU)
Uuad (DUU)
>. Khcv
Khcvdr
drsf
sf 0 Ufe
Ufeok
ok oeo
oeo
<. Zd
Zdrs
rsfo
fopo
poc
c Zo
Zosf
sfdc
dc
o) Bdcldm
Bdcldmdk
dk kdidc
kdidclko
lkopoc
poc stot
stotus
us Zosf
Zosfdc
dc
 a) Bdclkiorfnfkosf iobo posfdc puoso

m) Bdbp
Bdbphs
hsfsf
fsfko
koc
c po
posfd
sfdc
c
e) Bdcluk
Bdclukur
ur toceo-t
toceo-toce
oceoo vfto
vftoii
d) Bdclkiorfnf
Bdclkiorfnfkosf
kosf rfwoyot
rfwoyot osbo,
osbo, efoadtds
efoadtds bdiiftus,
bdiiftus, gfpdrtdcsf,
gfpdrtdcsf, eoc oidrlf
oidrlf
7. Zd
Zdrs
rsfo
fopo
poc
c Bdsf
Bdsfc
c
o) Bdcl
Bdcldm
dmdk
dk sub
subad
adrr los
los
 a) Bdcldmdk fsf vhiotfi oldct
m) Bdcl
Bdcldmd
dmdk
k khce
khcefs
fsff oash
oashad
adc
c
e) Bdioku
Bdiokukoc
koc koif
koifaro
arosf
sf bdsfc
bdsfc ocdstd
ocdstdsf
sf

6. Zdrsf
drsfop
opoc
oc Oiot
Oiot 0
 

o) ] (]mhpd
(]mhpd)) 0 Ioryclhsmhpd
 Ioryclhsmhpd eoc
 eoc stdshsmhpd
 stdshsmhpd
a) U (Uuad
(Uuad)) 0 Dcehtromgdoi Uuad (DUU)
Uuad (DUU) Ch. >,4; <,:; <,4
m) O ( Ofrwoy)
 Ofrwoy) 0 Hrhpgorycldoi Ofrwoy,
Ofrwoy, cosoi kocui
e) U (Uopd
(Uopd)) 0 Zidstdr/gdponfx ¿ 1: mb 1 idbaor 

d) F ( Fctrheumdr 
 Fctrheumdr ) 0 Bocerfi otou stfidt
 n) M ((Mhcdmthr 
Mhcdmthr )
 l) ] (]umtfhc
(]umtfhc)) 0 Bdsfc eoc sdiocl sumtfhc
sdiocl sumtfhc
g) ]puft = bi, 4bi, ?:bi, 1: bi
f) Urocsnusf sdt
 `) Oahmotg ch ?7
k) Didktrheo DKL
?:. Zdrsfopoc
Zdrsfopoc haot
o) Haot
Haot Zr
Zrdb
dbde
defk
fkos
osff

-Edxkdthprhndc 4: bl/f.v
-Hceocsdctrhc 5 bl/f.v
 a) Haot Fceuksf
Zrhphnhi ?:: bl/f.v
m) Haot
aot Ocoi
Ocoil
ldtfk 
dtfk 
-Ndctocyi ?:: bml/f.v
-Uroboehi ?:: bl/f.v
e) Haot
Haot Zdiu
Zdiubp
bpug
ug htht
htht
Otromorfub 1: bl/f.v

d) Haot Dbdldcmy
 Dbdldcmy  
-
??. Zdrsfopoc
Zdrsfopoc Mofroc
o) Mofroc
Mofroc Krfsto
Krfstoihf
ihfe
e 0 Qfcl
Qfcldr
dr Iok
Ioktot
tot 4:: bi
 a) Mofroc Khihfe 0-
?1. Zdioksocooc
Zdioksocooc Ocdstdsf
Ocdstdsf
o. Zosfdc
Zosfdc tfao
tfao ef ruocl
ruocl pdcd
pdcdrfb
rfbooc
ooc FA]
FA] pukui
pukui :6.=:
:6.=: \FA
\FA
 a. ]drog tdrfbo posfdc edcloc pdtulos ruocloc, bdbdrfkso stotus posfdc
tdrbosu
tdrbosuk
k fcnhrbde mhcsdct, eoc
mhcsdct, eoc haot-haotoc yocl tdiog efadrfkoc ef ruocl

 pdrowotoc
 

m. Bdbfce
Bdbfceogk
ogkoc
oc posfdc
posfdc kd arocko
arockorr FA]
FA]
e. Bdbp
Bdbpdrk
drkdc
dcoi
oiko
koc
c efrf
efrf kd
kdpo
poeo
eo Zosf
Zosfdc
dc,, bdcl
bdcldm
dmdk
dk ui
uioc
ocl
l fe
fedc
dctf
tfto
toss po
posf
sfdc
dc,,
cobo, oiobot, eoc bdcocyokoc uiocl puoso bokoc eoc bfcub, eoc oidrlf,
sdrto adrot aoeoc soot fcf

d. Bdbdrfkso
Bdbdrfkso kdiocmoroc
kdiocmoroc fcnus eoc oiot
oiot kdsdgotoc
kdsdgotoc yocl
yocl tdrposocl
tdrposocl poeo
poeo Zosfdc
Zosfdc
n. Bdcocy
Bdcocyoko
okocc kdiugo
kdiugoc
c posfdc
posfdc soot
soot ef ruocl
ruocl pdcdr
pdcdrfbo
fbooc
oc FA]
l. Bdioph
Bdiophrko
rkoc
c kdpoeo
kdpoeo ehktdr
ehktdr ocdstdsf
ocdstdsf gosfi pdbdrfk
pdbdrfksooc
sooc ef ruocl
ruocl pdcdrfb
pdcdrfbooc
ooc
eorf khioahrosf edcloc ehktdr ocdstdsf posfdc efpfceogkoc kd bd`o hpdrosf

OCOIF]F] EOUO
Ch. Eoto Bosoiog Zdcydaoa

?. E] 0  Cydrf Okut Oldc mdedro Afhihlfs

Uc. ] bdcldiug pdrut cydrf,

sdbokfc cydrf uctuk  
 adroktfvftos (Z), cydrf
sdpdrt
sdpdrtff efrdbo
efrdboss rdbos
rdbos (_),
tfeok bdc`oior (Q), skoio >
(]), cydrf gfiocl tfbaui (U).

EH 0

Zosfdc cobpok bdcydrfclof

bdcogoc cydrf

UE 0?5>/<< bbGl
 Gdort Qotd 0 ??7 x/bdcft
 Qdspfrotfhc Qotd 
Qotd  0 ?7
x/bdcft
1. E] 0 Uc
U c. ] Ad
A diub pd
pdrcog Ocsfdtos ]trdsshr Hpdrosf
bdc`oiocf hpdrosf
sdadiubcyo
EH 0 -

A. Efolch
Efolchsfs
sfs eoc
eoc Zdrdcm
Zdrdcmoco
ocooc
oc
 

Ch. Efolchsfs Kdpdrowotoc Uu`uoc Zdrdcmocooc Ufceokoc

Kdpdrowotoc
?.  Cydrf okut adrguaucloc  CHM F 0 Khctrhi  CFM F 0 Boco`dbdc Cydrf
edcloc Oldc mdedro  Cydrf
Afhihlfs Oktfvftos
Krftdrfo Gosfi 0
?. Iokukoc pdclko`foc cydrf
?. Bdcldt
Bdcldtogu nokthr  sdmoro bdcydiurug bdifputf
oguff nokthr 
 pdcydaoacydrf ihkosf, eurosf,kuoiftos,
kdporogoc cydrf eoc
1.Bdcldtoguf
nokthr pdcmdtus cydrf.
 pdrbuiooc tdr`oefcyo
cydrf 1. Hasdrvosf
kdtfeokcyobococ
=.Bdcllucokoc
chcvdraoi.
tfceokoc pdcmdlogoc
=. O`orkoc uctuk tdkcfk
5. Bdiophrkoc ld`oio
chcnorbokhihlf
4. Bdiophrkoc khctrhi bfsoirdioksosf,
cydrf lufedfbo`drf, tdropf

 CHM FF0Ufclkot Cydrf busfk,efstroksf.

Krftdrfo Gosfi 0 5. Kdceoifkoc nokthr

ifclkucloc yocleopot
?. Bdiop
Bdiophr
hrko
koc
c cy
cydrf
drf
bdbpdclorugf rdsphc
 adrkuroclotou gfiocl  posfdc tdrgoeop
1. Nrd
rdk
kudc
udcsf cydr
drff kdtfeokcyobococ bfsoi
 adrkurocl sugu,ifclkucloc,, mogoyo,
sugu,ifclkucloc
kdloeugoc.
=. Iobocyo cydrf
 adrioclsucl 4. Khioahrosf 0 pdbadrfoc
Ocoildtfksdsuof fcefkosf
5. Dksprdsf wo`og soot
cy
cydrf
drf4.
4. Zhsfs
Zhsfsff tu
tuau
aug
g  CFM FF 0 Boco`dbdc
bdifceuclf Ocoildtfk 
 

]koio Zdcfiofoc CHM0 Oktfvftos

?. Ufeok pdrcog ?. Udctukoc

efiokukoc ihkosf,koroktdrfstfk,
kuoiftoseoc tfclkot
1. @orocl efiokukoc
cydrfsdadiub
=. Koeocl efiokukoc bdclhaotf posfdc.

5. ]drfcl efiokukoc 1. Mdk haot bdifputf `dcfs,

4. ]dioiu efiokukoc ehsfs, eocnrdkudcsf

 pdbadrfoc ocoildtfk.

=. Udctukoc `dcfs ocoildtfk (

 Corkhtfk, Chc-Corkhtfk)
efsobpfcl tfpd eoc tfclkot

cydrf.

5. Udctukoc Ocoildtfkyocl
tdpot, moro pdbadrfoc
eocehsfscyo sdmoro tdpot.

4. Bhcfthr toceo- toceo

vftoi sdadiub eoc sdtdiog
 pdbadrfoc ocoildtfk 

1. Mdbos adreosorkoc ]dtdiog efiokukoc - Ko`f

Ko`f tfclko
tfclkott kdmdbo
kdmdbosoc
soc
kurocl pdcldtoguoc kdpdrowotoc mdbos - Hrfdct
Hrfdctosfk
osfkoc
oc edcloc
edcloc tfb
tfb
bosoiog  adrkurocl/gfiocl ocdstdsf/kobor hpdrosf
 pdbafusoc/hpdrosf - Zosfdc bdcyotokoc - @diosko
@dioskoc
c `dcfs
`dcfs prhsde
prhsdeur
ur
togu tdctocl prhsds tfceokoc ocdstdsf yocl
kdr`o haot okoc efiokukoc
- Zosfdc bdcyotokoc - Adrf
Adrf ehrhcl
ehrhcloc
oc posfdc
posfdc
sfop efiokukoc uctuk bdclluclkopkoc
 pdbafusoc  pdrosooc

-Zosfdc - Eobpfc
Eobpfclf
lf posfdc
posfdc uctu
uctuk
k
 

bdclkhbucfkosfkoc bdcluroclf roso mdbos

 pdrosooc cdlotfvd - O`orko
O`orkoc
c tdkcfk
tdkcfk rdiok
rdioksosf
sosf
sdmoro tdpot - Khioah
Khioahrosf
rosf uctuk
uctuk
- Zosfdc tobpok  pdbadrfoc haot pdcdcocl

tdcocl eoc khhpdrotfn 

- Uoceo-Uoceo vftoi
chrboi
 

UOGOZ FCUQO OCD]UD]F

?. @dcfs Zdbadeogoc 0 Mghifidstosfs
Mghifidstosfs edcloc
 edcloc ioporhsmhpy
1. @dcfs Ocdstdsf 0 Ldcdroi ocdstdsf
=. Udkcfk Ocdstdsf 0 Fctuaosf Dcehtromgdoi Uuad (DUU) Ch. <,,4
5. Buiof Ocdstdsf 0 Zukui ?:
?:.:: \FA
4. Buiof Hpdrosf 0 Zukui ?:.?4 \FA
>. Zhsfsf 0 ]upfcd
<. Haot-Haotoc
o. Zrdb
rdbde
deffkos
osff 0 Hceocsdtrhc 5 bl/f.v, Uroboehi ?:: bl/f.v,
Edxkdthprhndc 4: bl/f.v
 a. Ocoildtfk Corkhtfk  0 Ndctocyi ?:: bml/f.v
m. Fceuksf 0 Zrhphnhi ?=: bl/f.v
e. Zdiu
diubpu
bpug Hth
Hthtt 0 Otromurfub 1: bl/f.v
d. Bdef
Bdefko
kosf
sf Uoba
Uobaog
ogoc
oc 0 Otromurfub ?: bl/f.v/ 1: bdcft
6. Bofctdcocmd 0 sdvhniurocd 1 mm vhi%, C1H 0 H1 (? ipb 0 ? ipb)
?:. Qdspfrosf 0 Khctrhi ^dctfiothr  
??. Mofroc Eu
Euroctd Hp
Hpdrosf 0 Qf
Qfcldr Io
Ioktot 4
4:
:: bi
bi
?1. Dstfbosf Zdreorogoc 0 ¿ ?:: bi

?=. Trfc Hutput 0 ?4: bi

?5. ]didsof Hpdrosf 0 ?1.?4 \FA
?4. ]didsof Ocdstdsf 0 ?1.=: \FA

O. Bhcfthr
Bhcfthrfcl
fcl Fctro
Fctro Ocdstdsf
Ocdstdsf

]oturosf
Udkococ Gdort
Hksfldc QQ 
Zukui Ufceokoc Eorog Qotd
]pH1 (x/bdcft)
(bbGl) (x/bdcft)
(%)
:6.4:    Bdbfce
Bdbfceogk
ogkoc
oc posfdc
posfdc kd bd`o
bd`o ?5?/<7 7= ?:: ?>
hpdro
pdrosf
sf eoc
eoc bdbp
dbphs
hsfs
fsfk
fkoc
oc
supfcd
 Bdbosocl bocsdt,  nfcldr 
 sdcshr 
 

:6.44    Bdbadrf
rfk
koc fc`dk
dksf
sf haot ?55/<> 7< ?:: ?>
 prdbdefkosf 0 Hceocsdctrhc 5
bl/f.v, Edxkdthprhndc 4:
bl/f.v eoc haot oc
ocooildtfk 

Uroboehi ?:: bl/f.v, Ndctocyi

?:: bml/f.v
?:.::    Bdbadrfkoc fc`dksf haot ?4?/75 7= ?:: ?>
fceuksf
fceuksf 0 Zrhphn
Zrhphnhi
hi ?:: bl/f.v
eoc haot pdiubpug htht 0
Otromurfub 1: bl/f.v
 Bdclloc`oi aogu posfdc

 Bdba
Bdbadr
drfk
fkoc
oc hksf
hksfld
ldco
cosf
sf H1
?::% 1 ipb bdioiuf nomdbosk 
bdioiuf nomdbosk 


Bdba
Bd badr
drfk
fkoc
oc ol
oldc
dctt oc
ocds
dstds
tdsff 0
sdvhniurocd = mm vhi%
?:.:1    Zosf
Zosfdc
dc tdrsd
tdrsdeo
eosf,
sf, rdni
rdnidk
dk auauiu
iu ?4?/75 7? 64
boto -/-
 Bdclfctuaosf DUU Ch. <,4
?:.:4    Bdbosocl HZO ?4?/75 7? ?:: ?>

 Bdclua
Bdcluaog
og C1H0H1  (? ipb 0
?ipb)
 Bdclotur pdrcoposoc
bdcllu
bdcllucok
cokoc
oc bdsfc
bdsfc ocdstds
ocdstdsff
bhed vdctfiothr khctrhi
?:.?: Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ?55/7? 71 ?::
?:.?4 Ufbd hut, Hpdrosf efbuiof ?=</<6 <7 ?:: ?>
?:.1:    Bofc
Bo fctd
tdco
cocm
cmdd oldc
oldctt ocds
ocdstd
tdsf
sf ?1?/7= <1 ?:: ?>
sdvhniurocd 1 mm vhi%
?:.14 Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ?1</71 <> ?:: ?>
?:.=: Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ?14/7: <6 ?:: ?>
?:.=4 Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ?11/7= 7? ?:: ?>
?:.5: Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??7/<> 7= ?:: ?>
?:.54 Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??7/7? 7< ?:: ?>
?:.4: Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??>/<= 7< ?:: ?>
?:.44    Bdbadrfkoc fc`dksf haot ??:/>7 <5 67 ?>
 pdiubpug htht 0 Otromurfub ?:
 

bl/f.v
??.:: Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??1/>4 << 66 ?>
??.:4 Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??</<5 7? 66 ?>
??.?: Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??7/<7 7: 66 ?>
??.?4    Bdbadrfkoc fc`dksf haot ??:/>7 7: 67 ?>
 pdiubpug htht 0 Otromurfub ?:
bl/f.v
??.1: Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??</<? 7? 66 ?>
??.14 Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??5/>7 74 66 ?>
??.=: Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??6/<< 71 66 ?>
??.=4    Bdbadrfkoc fc`dksf haot ??=/<1 <6 67 ?>
 pdiubpug htht 0 Otromurfub ?:
bl/f.v
??.5: Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??>/71 7: 66 ?>
??.54 Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??6/7> <7 66 ?>
??.4: Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??7/7= 71 ?:: ?>
??.44 Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ?11/7> 7< ?:: ?>
?1.::   
]flc Hut, efiokukoc pdcutupoc ?1?/71 75 ?:: ?>
ordo hpdrosf
?1.:4 Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ?1:/7: 7? ?:: ?>
?1.?: Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??7/<6 7= ?:: ?>
?1.?4    Hpdrosf sdidsof ?1=/7= 77 66 ?>

 Bdcl
Bdclua
uaog
og bhed
bhed vdct
vdctfi
fiot
othr 
hr 
bdc`oef bocuoi sphctoc
 Bdclgdctfkoc pdbadrf
rfooc
sodvhniuroc eoc C1H
 Bdbadrfkoc hksfldcosf ?:: %
H1 = ipb
?1.1:    Bdiokukoc sumtfhc
Bdiokukoc  sumtfhc ?11/75 7> 64 ?>
?1.14    Zdrcoposoc sphctoc ?1</7? 76 67 ?>

 Bdcl
Bdcldk
dkst
stua
uaos
osff DUU
DUU eoio
eoiob
b
kdoe
kdoeoo
ooc
c pdcl
pdclor
orug
ug ocds
ocdstd
tdsf
sf
(eoiob)
 Bdba
Bdbadrf
drfko
koc
c hk
hksfl
sfldc
dcosf
osf H1
?::
?:: % = ipb
ipb bdcl
bdcllu
luco
coko
koc
c
 nomdbosk 
?1.=:    Bdroc
Bd rocls
lsoc
ocl
l rdsp
rdsphc
hc po
posf
sfdc
dc 0 ?=?/7< 75 66 ?>
 posfdc rdsphc tdrgoeop
 

roclsocloc pocllfioc
 Bdidpos HZO

 Bdbfceogkoc posfdc kd ruocl

 pdbuifgoc

OCOIF]F] EOUO

Ch. Eoto Bosoiog Zdcydaoa

Fctro Ocdstdsf
?. E] 0 - Qdsf
Qdsfk
kh Zdre
Zdreor
orog
ogoc
oc Zrh
Zrhsd
sde
eur Zdba
dbade
deog
ogoc
oc

EH 0

- Zdreorogoc ¿ ?:: bi
bi
- Zdcyokft pdcydrto

gfpdrtdcsf

E] 0 - Qdsf
sfk
kh Osp
Ospffro
rossf Zrhsd
sde
eur Z
Zdb
dba
afusoc
EH 0
- Udrposocl DUU ukuroc
<.4
- Efaowog pd
pdclorug ha
haot
ocdstdsf ldcdroi

A. Efolch
Efolchsfs
sfs eoc
eoc Zdrd
Zdrdcmo
cmocoo
cooc
c

Ch. Efolchsfs Kdpdrowotoc Uu`uoc Zdrdcmocooc Ufceokoc

Kdpdrowotoc
?. Qfsfkh Zdceorogoc CHM  CFM
- Bhcfthr kdtot toceo toceo
- Aihhe
 pdreorogoc
kholuiotfhc
- Bhcfthr vftoi sflc
- Aihhe ihsd - Fe
Fedc
dctf
tfnf
nfko
kosf
sf pdc
dcy
yda
daoa
oa
sdvdrfty  pdceorogoc

Krftdrfoi gosfi 0 - Bhcfthr stot

otu
us mofro
roc
c
 

- Ufeok oeo yo
yoc
cl bdif
bdifp
put
utff fc
fcto
tok
kd eo
gdboturfo eoc hutput
gdbotdbdsfsf - Fc
Fcst
stru
ruks
ksff pos
osfd
fdc
c uc
uctu
tuk 
k 
bdbaotosf oktfvftos
- Kdgfiocloc eorog
yocl tdrifgot

- Udkococ eorog
eoiob aotos
chrboi
chrboi sfsthi
sfsthi eoc
efosthid

- Ziosbo,ZU,ZUU
eoiob aotos
chrboi

1. Qdsfkh Ospfrosf a/e ]dtdiog efiokukoc - Otur ph

phsfsf p
poosfdc
 pdcurucoc tfclkot kdp
kdpdr
drow
owot
otoc
oc tfeo
tfeok 
k  - Zoctou toceo-toceo
kdsoeoroc ok
okoc
oc tdr`o
tdr`oef
ef os
ospf
pfro
rosf
sf ospfrosf
yocl efauktfkoc - Zoctou tfclkot
ed
edcl
cloc
oc kd
kdbo
bobp
bpuo
uoc
c kdsoeoroc 0 rdnidk aotuk,
kh
khlc
lcft
ftfn
fn eoc
eoc stot
stotu
us rdnidk buctog,
cdurhihlfs yocl tfeok  kdbobpuoc bdcdioc
 adraogoyo - Zoctou st
stotus po
poru

- Bobpu bdcdioc - Adrsfg

sfgkoc ``ooioc copos
- Khioahrosf edcloc
- Aucy
Aucyff po
poru
ru yo
yocl
cl
ehktdr 
 adrsfg

- Uhcu
Uhcuss htht
htht yo
yocl
cl
oedkuot
 

UOGOZ ZH]U OCD]UD]F

O. Zdcl
Zdclko
ko`f
`foc
oc
?. Fedc
Fedctf
tfto
toss Zo
Zosf
sfdc
dc
 Cobo 0 Uc.]

Tbur 0 4? toguc
Uoclloi 0 ?? Bordt 1:1:
Zukui 0 ?1.=4 \FA
1. Kdoe
Kdoeoo
ooc
c Tbu
Tbub
- Zosfdc
Zosfdc eoiob
eoiob kdoe
kdoeooc
ooc idbos
idbos
- Zosfdc adiub
adiub soeor
soeor pdcug
pdcug (kdsoeoroc
(kdsoeoroc opotfs)
opotfs)
- Zdrcop
Zdrcoposo
osoc
c sphc
sphctoc
toc
- Udrpos
Udrposocl
ocl coso
cosoii kocui
kocui H1 1 iftdr pdr bdcft
- Uocloc
Uocloc kococ tdrposoc
tdrposocl
l fcnus QI 1: tdtds
tdtds pdr bdcft
bdcft

=. Bhcfthrfcl Zhst Ocdstdsf

]oturosf
Udkococ Gdort
Hksfldc QQ 
Zukui Ufceokoc Eorog Qotd
]pH1 (x/bdcft)
(bbGl) (x/bdcft)
(%)
?1.5: Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??7/<< 7= 67 ?7
?1.54 Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??5/<1 7< 66 ?7
?1.4: Bdboctou toceo-toceo vftoi ??>/<= 76 66 ?7

5. Zdcf
Zdcfiof
iofoc
oc Oie
Oierd
rdtt
ttdd ]khr 
]khr 

Zorobdtdr ]khr \oktu

4‖ ?:‖ ?4‖ =:‖
Udkococ eorog bdcyfbpocl 91:% eorf chrboi 1 ^ ^ ^
]frkuiosf Udk
dkoc
ococ
oc eor
orog
og bdc
dcy
yfbp
fbpoc
ocl
l 1:
1:%-
%-4:
4:%
% eor
orff chr
hrbo
boii ?
Udkococ eorog bdcyfbpocl 34:% eorf chrboi :
]oeor pdcug 1 ^
Kdsoeoroc Qdsphc tdrgoeop pocllfioc ? ^ ^
Ufeok oeo rdsphc :
]pH1 36
 361% (edcloc ueoro adaos) 1 ^ ^ ^
Hksfldcosf ]pH1 36
 36:% (edcloc supidbdc hksfldc) ?
]pH1 96
 96:% (edcloc supidbdc hksfldc) :
Afso torfk copos eoiob eoc aotuk adaos 1 ^ ^ ^
Zdrcoposoc Efspcdu otou ifbftosf adrcopos ?
Opcdu/ Ufeok adrcopos :
 

Bdclldrokkoc 5 dkstrfbftos 1 ^ ^
Oktfvftos Bdclldrokkoc 1 dkstrfbftos ? ^
Ufeok bobpu bdclldrokkoc dkstrfbftos :
Uhtoi skhr 7 6 ?:

OCOIF]F] EOUO
Ch. Eoto Bosoiog Zdcydaoa
Zhst Ocdstdsf
?. E] 0 - Qfsfkh Kdmdiokooc Dndk Haot Ocdstdsf
mdedro Tbub
EH 0

Zosfdc eoiob kdoeooc

idbos,
idbos, posfdc
posfdc adiub
adiub soeor 
soeor 
sdp
sdpdc
dcu
ugc
gcyo
yo (kds
(kdsoe
oeor
oroc
oc
opotfs)

1. E] 0 - Qdsfkh Fcndksf Zrhsdeur Zdbadeogoc

EH 0

- Zdbadeogoc
 Ioporhsmhpy
- Udrposocl DU
DUU

A. Efolchsf
Efolchsfss eoc Zdrdc
Zdrdcmoco
mocooc
oc Kdpdrow
Kdpdrowotoc
otoc

Ch. Efolchsfs Uu`uoc Zdrdcmocooc Ufceokoc

Kdpdrowotoc Kdpdrowotoc
?. Qfsfkh kdmdiokooc Zosf
Zosfdc
dc oboc
oboc sd
sdio
iobo
bo - Ufclko
Ufclkott kdoboc
kdobococ
oc eoc
mdedro adreosorkoc dndk  eoc sdtdiog pdbafusoc 0 kdto`oboc
ocdstdsf ubub - @olo phsfsf fbhafi
- Zosfdc soe
oeoor sd
sdttdiog
- Taog tdbpot otou tuaug
ocdstdsf (O]27-?:)
 posfdc uctuk 
- Kdbobpuoc uctuk   bdcf
bdcfcl
clko
kotk
tkoc
oc nu
nucl
clsf
sf
 

bdiokukoc
bdiokukoc ldrokoc
ldrokoc nfsfhihlfs eoc psfkhihlfs
yocl adrtu`uoc - Mdlog rfsfkh fc`urf `otug
- Zosocl pdcloboc
- Kdbobpuoc uctuk  
tdbpot tfeur 
 adrldrok otou
 adrkhbucfkosf - Zoctou pdcllucooc haot
ocdstds
ocdstdsff eoc dndk yocl
yocl
- Zosfdc oboc tfeok   tfbaui.
 `otug

1. Qfsfkh fcndksf a.e    CHM yocl efsorockoc 0  CFM yocl efsorockoc 0

 prhsdeur 
]dtdiog efiokukoc - Bhcfthr to
toceo eo
eoc
 pdbadeogoc
tfceok
tfceokoc
oc kdpdrow
kdpdrowotootocc ld`oio fcndksf sfstdbfk
Qfsfkh
Qfsfkh fcndks
fcndksff tdrotos
tdrotosff eoc ihmoi
edcloc krftdrfo0
- Bhcfthr go
gosfi
sfi ooc
clko
Kifdc tdrdra
ada
daoos eorf idukhsft eoc gosfi ioa
toceo eoc ld`oio
iofccyo
fcndksf
- Aotosf pd
pdcluc`ucl

- Zdrto
rtogockoc td
tdkcfk
osdptfk poeo posfdc
yocl adrdsfkh

- Fc
Fcsp
spdk
dksf
sf kuift eoc
bdbaroc bukhso okoc
oeocyokdbdrogoc &
goclot& otou erofcold

- Fc
Fcsp
spdk
dksf
sf khc
hcef
efsf
sf iu
iuk
ko
hpdrosf

- O`ork
rkooc posfd
sfdc eoc
kdiuorlo tdctocl toceo-
toceo fcndksf eoc
bdiophrkoccyo poeo
 pdtulos kdsdgotoc

- O`ork
rkooc posfd
sfdc eoc
kdiuorlo tdctocl moro
uctukbdclgfceorf
fcndksf