UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS.) TEXTILE SCIENCE AND

FASHION TECHNOLOGY

TXL560

WOVEN STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES II

LAB 4:

MODELLING 3D ANGLE INTERLOCK WOVEN FABRIC USING

TEXGEN SOFTWARE

PREPARED BY HANNAN HAMIMI BINTI HASMADI (2022883758)

PREPARED FOR PROF. MADYA TS. DR. MOHAMAD FAIZUL BIN

YAHYA

GROUP AS2904B

DATE OF SUBMISSION 14/7/2023

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 TITLE..................................................................................................................................1
2.0 OBJECTIVES.....................................................................................................................1
3.0 METHODS AND RESULTS............................................................................................. 1
3.0.1 Angle Interlock (4 Warp per Layer, 4 Weft per Layer)............................................... 1
3.0.2 3D Angle Interlock (8 Warp per Layer, 8 Weft per Layer)......................................... 6
4.0 DISCUSSION................................................................................................................... 12
5.0 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................12
6.0 REFERENCES................................................................................................................. 13
1.0 TITLE
Modelling 3D Angle Interlock Woven Fabric Using Texgen Software

2.0 OBJECTIVES
1. To fabricate a 3D angle interlock woven fabric model using Texgen software.
2. To evaluate the characteristics of the fabric and potentially refine its design for
optimal performance.
3. To gain insights into the applications of modelling a 3D angle interlock woven fabric
using Texgen software.

3.0 METHODS AND RESULTS

3.0.1 Angle Interlock (4 Warp per Layer, 4 Weft per Layer)

1) Open a new project on Texgen software.

2) Navigate to the control window, specifically the section dedicated to textiles. Ensure
that the controls are set to "Textiles" mode, and proceed by clicking on the option to
generate a 3D weave.
3) Opt for the Angle Interlock weave type from the available options in order to
construct a three-dimensional textile weave model. Refer to the accompanying figure
of the 3D Weave Wizard:

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 Figure 1

4) To obtain the desired 3D model output, it is necessary to determine the fabric

parameters, including the number of layers, yarn spacing, yarn width, and yarn height.
Additionally, the angle interlock can be calculated using the provided formulas as
follows:
Number of weft layers, N = 3
Weft yarns per layer = N + 1 = 4
Wadding yarns = N - 1 = 2
5) To create a design with 4 warp per layer and 4 weft per layer of a 3D Angle Interlock
woven fabric, it is essential to input the correct data accurately. Please refer to the
accompanying figure for the required data input.

Figure 2

The information provided indicates that there are 4 weft yarns inserted per repeat,
forming 3 layers with a spacing of 0.9 between them. The weft yarns have a width of
0.6 and a height of 0.3, which significantly impact the fabric's density, thickness, and
overall appearance. These parameters are crucial in determining the structural
characteristics of the fabric.

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6) Then, considering the number of yarns in the warp direction, since there are 4 yarns
inserted initially, the total number of yarns in the warp direction becomes 8, as it is
always doubled from the number of yarns initially inserted.

Figure 3

7) Next, please input the data for the binder yarn. Ensure that the data is identical to the
previously entered information.

Figure 4

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8) Once all the data and settings have been accurately inputted as shown in figure 4
above, proceed by clicking on the "Next" button to initiate the process of creating a
3D Angle Interlock textile weave model.
9) Following that, a weave pattern will appear, displaying a schematic diagram that
visualizes the path of the binder yarn.
10) To set up the pattern for an Angle Interlock weave, click on the binder yarns in the top
view, as illustrated in Figure 5.
11) While, in the side view, drag the binder yarns according to the instructions provided in
Figure 5 to establish the pattern for layer-to-layer weaves. This arrangement will
result in the creation of the desired weave structure, as depicted in Figure 6.

Figure 5 Figure 6

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12) Therefore, the results are provided in the table below:

3D ANGLE INTERLOCK (4 LAYERS)

3D Model View Figure

Front View

Side View

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 Top View

Table 1: Result of 3D Angle Interlock (4 layers)

3.0.2 3D Angle Interlock (8 Warp per Layer, 8 Weft per Layer)

1) Calculate the parameters based on the desired weave type.

For example, if the number of weft layers (N) is 7, then the weft yarns per layer
would be N + 1, which equals 8, and the wadding yarns would be N - 1, which equals
6.
2) Select the Angle Interlock weave type, as depicted in Figure 1 in section 3.0.1, to
create the desired 3D textile weave model.
3) Determine the correct fabric parameters, such as the number of layers, yarn spacing,
yarn width and yarn height based on the desired Angle Interlock.In this case, the yarn
structure (8 Warp per Layer, 8 Weft per Layer) must not be too tight or too loose,
hence the correct data must be keyed-in.

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 Figure 7

Referring to the provided Figure 7, which contains the data of the weft yarns, it is
crucial to ensure accurate data input to meet the requirements of creating 8 warp yarns
per layer and 8 weft yarns per layer. In order to achieve this, the number of yarn
layers should be set to 7.
Additionally, the weft yarns should have a width of 0.6, a height of 0.3, and a spacing
between the yarns of 0.7. These parameters significantly impact the density, thickness,
and overall appearance of the fabric. It is important to note that these parameters play
a crucial role in determining the structural characteristics of the fabric.
4) Subsequently, input the total number of yarns in the warp direction, considering that
there are 8 yarns. Since the number of yarns is always doubled from the initial count,
the total number of yarns in the warp direction would be 16.

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 Figure 8

Figure 9

5) Once all the data and settings have been successfully entered, following the
instructions in Figure 4, click on the "Next" button to proceed with the creation of a
3D Angle Interlock textile weave model.

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6) Subsequently, a weave pattern will appear, displaying a schematic diagram that
visualises the path of the binder yarn. This pattern serves to guide the setup of the
Angle Interlock weave.
7) In the top view, as depicted in Figure 10, select the binder yarns by clicking on them.
This step is essential to establish the pattern for the Angle Interlock weave.
8) In the side view, referring to Figure 10, drag the binder yarns according to the
provided instructions. This arrangement is necessary to set up the pattern for
layer-to-layer weaves. As a result, the weave structure depicted in Figure 11 will be
created.

Figure 10 Figure 11

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9) The result of 8 Warp per Layer, 8 Weft per Layer shown as in table 2 below:

3D ANGLE INTERLOCK (8 LAYERS)

3D Model View Figure

Front View

10
 Side View

Top View

Bottom View

Table 2: Result of 3D Angle Interlock (8 layers)

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4.0 DISCUSSION
The comparison between the 3D Angle Interlock weaves utilising 4 weft yarns and 8 weft
yarns showcases distinct disparities in the fabric structure and properties. Firstly, focusing on
the quantity of yarns employed in the weaving process, the 4 weft yarns resulted in a more
uncomplicated fabric structure. With fewer yarns, the weave appeared more spacious and less
dense in comparison to the weave formed by 8 weft yarns. The restricted number of yarns in
the 4 Weft Yarns configuration allowed for increased visibility of the underlying layers and
contributed to a more relaxed fabric structure.

In contrast, the 8 weft yarns employed in the 3D Angle Interlock weave generated a more
intricate and tightly woven fabric. The augmented number of yarns led to a greater yarn
density, resulting in a tighter and more compact weave structure. The heightened yarn density
in the 8 Weft Yarns configuration led to improved fabric strength and stability.

Furthermore, the spacing between the yarns played a significant role in determining the
overall appearance and density of the fabric. In the 4 Weft Yarns configuration, the spacing
between the layers was set at 0.9, creating noticeable gaps between the layers. This spacing
allowed for improved visibility of the underlying layers while also contributing to a looser
fabric structure.

Conversely, the 8 Weft Yarns configuration featured a spacing of 0.7 between the yarns. This
reduced spacing resulted in diminished gaps between the layers and a denser fabric structure.
The compact weave formed by 8 weft yarns provided enhanced fabric density and improved
fabric properties such as dimensional stability and durability.

5.0 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the selection of the number of weft yarns and spacing in 3D Angle Interlock
weaves significantly impacts the fabric structure and properties. The use of 4 weft yarns
generates a simpler and more spacious fabric, while the use of 8 weft yarns produces a denser
and more tightly woven fabric. Additionally, adjustments in the spacing between the yarns
influence the fabric's appearance and density, with a smaller spacing leading to a denser
weave. These considerations are crucial when designing and manufacturing 3D Angle
Interlock weaves to achieve specific fabric characteristics.

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6.0 REFERENCES

Nasrun, F. M., Yahya, M. F., Ghani, S. A., & Ahmad, M. S. (2016). Effect of weft density and

yarn crimps towards tensile strength of 3D angle interlock woven fabric. Journal of

Mechanical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965051

Sheng, S. Z., & Hoa, S. V. (2003). Modeling of 3D angle interlock woven fabric composites.

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 16(1), 45–58.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705703016001206

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