FOURTH GRADE

Address

a place where someone lives:

Police searched an address in North London in connection with an investigation.

Adjective

a word that describes a noun or pronoun:

"Big", "boring", "purple", and "obvious" are all adjectives.

In the sentence 'She is happy', 'happy' is a predicative adjective.

Afraid

feeling fear, or feeling worry about the possible results of a particular situation:

She was afraid for her children

again

one more time:

Could you spell your name again, please?

allegiance

loyalty and support for a ruler, country, group, or belief:

Soldiers have to swear allegiance to the King.

allow

to give permission for someone to do something, or to not prevent something from happening:

Do you think Dad will allow you to go to Jamie's party?

alphabetically
in a way that has the same order as the letters of the alphabet:

The names of the contest winners are listed alphabetically.

Amaze – ing (amazing)

to cause someone to be extremely surprised:

I was amazed by how well he looked.

The work you do is amazing.

Antarctica

the continent around the South Pole

anthem

a song that has special importance for a particular group of people, an organization, or a country,
often sung on a special occasion:

The national anthems of the teams are played at the beginning of international football matches.

anxious

worried and nervous:

My mother always gets a bit anxious if we don't arrive when we say we will.

Arctic Circle

an imaginary line around the earth at approximately 70° north

arrive

to reach a place, especially at the end of a journey:

What time will your train arrive?

atmosphere

the mixture of gases around the earth:

These factories are releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere.

attached

to like someone or something very much:

The children are very attached to their grandparents.

attention

notice, thought, or interest:

Ladies and gentlemen, could I have your attention, please?

autumn

the season of the year between summer and winter, lasting from September to November north
of the equator and from March to May south of the equator, when fruits and crops become ready
to eat and are picked, and leaves fall:

We like to travel in (the) autumn when there are fewer tourists.

auxiliary

giving help or support, especially to a more important person or thing:

The auxiliary staff in a hospital are nurses.

avocado

a tropical fruit with thick, dark green or purple skin, a large, round seed, and soft, pale green flesh
that can be eaten:

Half an avocado contains about 160 calories.

away

somewhere else, or to or in a different place, position, or situation:

Ms Watson is away on holiday until the end of the week.

balance beam
a narrow horizontal bar raised off the floor, on which a gymnast balances while performing
exercises.

the first set of exercises was performed on a balance beam.

bathing suit

a piece of clothing that you wear for swimming

Anna’s bathing suit is red.

beautiful

breathtakingly beautiful scenery

She was wearing a beautiful dress.

blindfolded

used to say someone's eyes are covered to stop them from seeing:

I've been there so often I could probably drive there blindfolded.

blossom

When a tree or plant blossoms, it produces flowers before producing fruit that can be eaten:

The cherry tree is beginning to blossom.

Bosses (plural of Boss)

the person who is in charge of an organization and who tells others what to do:

She was the boss of a large international company.

Her bosses came down to talk to her from England.

brainy

clever, intelligent:

Sarah was beautiful and brainy.

built
past simple and past participle of build verb build, to make something by putting bricks or other
materials together:

They built beautiful houses near the park.

cafeteria

a restaurant (often in a factory, a college, or an office building) where people collect food and
drink from a serving area and take it to a table themselves after paying for it.

Jenny and her friends went to the cafeteria every day.

caterpillar

a small, long animal with many legs that feeds on the leaves of plants, and develops into a
butterfly or moth

The green caterpillar climbed the tall plant.

cheetah

a wild animal of the cat family, with yellowish-brown fur and black spots, that can run faster than
any other animal:

Cheetahs are mainly found in Africa.

Chinese

belonging to or relating to China, its people, or its language.

Laura loves Chinese food.

comfortable

Comfortable furniture and clothes provide a pleasant feeling and do not give you any physical
problems:

I love your new bed, it’s so comfortable.

competition

a situation in which someone is trying to win something or be more successful than someone else:

There's a lot of competition between computer companies.

conducted

the past tense of “conduct” to organize and perform a particular activity:

We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service.

The experiments were conducted by scientists in New York.

countries

Plural of “country” an area of land that has its own government, army, etc.:

Which are the largest countries in Europe?

courageous

having or showing courage:

It was a courageous decision to resign in protest at the company's pollution record.

Crossword puzzle

a game in which you write words that are the answers to questions in a pattern of black and white
squares:

I do the newspaper’s crossword every morning.

crowd

a large group of people who have come together:

A crowd of about 15,000 attended the concert.

curiosity

an eager wish to know or learn about something:

to arouse/excite/satisfy someone's curiosity

I'm burning with curiosity - you must tell me who won the contest!
December

the twelfth and last month of the year, after November and before January:

My parents got married in December.

decide

to choose something, especially after thinking carefully about several possibilities:

They have to decide who is going to participate in the race by next Friday.

development

the process in which someone or something grows or changes and becomes more advanced:

The documentary traced the development of popular music through the ages.

different

not the same:

She likes to wear something different every day.

dishwasher

a machine that washes dirty plates, cups, forks, etc.

This dishwasher even washes pots and pans

distance

the amount of space between two places:

What's the distance between Madrid and Barcelona/from Madrid to Barcelona?

downstairs

to or on a lower floor of a building, especially the ground floor:

I went downstairs to answer the phone.

early

near the beginning of a period of time, or before the usual, expected, or planned time:

If you finish early you can go home.

earthquake

a sudden violent movement of the earth's surface, sometimes causing great damage:

In 1906 an earthquake destroyed much of San Francisco.

emotion

a strong feeling such as love or anger, or strong feelings in general:

Like a lot of men, he finds it hard to express his emotions.

equipped

having the necessary tools, clothes, equipment, etc.:

We were well equipped for the trip.

European

belonging to or relating to Europe or its people:

It is a great experience to visit a European city,

everyone

every person:

Goodbye, everybody - I'll see you next week.

everything

all things:

You can't blame him for everything.

Exercising

Present progressive of “exercise”

physical activity that you do to make your body strong and healthy:

Swimming is my favorite form of exercise.

expensive

costing a lot of money:

Big houses are expensive to maintain.

fable

a short story that tells a general truth or is only partly based on fact, or literature of this type:

the fable of the tortoise and the hare is very famous.

feast

a special meal with very good food or a large meal for many people:

A big feast is perfect for a weeding.

festival

a special day or period, usually in memory of a religious event, with its own social activities, food,
or ceremonies:

Christmas is big Christian festival.

field trip

a visit made by students to study something away from their school or college:

Next week we are going to attend a geography field trip.

finally
after a long time or some difficulty:

We finally got home at midnight.

fireworks

small containers filled with explosive chemicals that make a loud noise when they explode and
sometimes produce bright, colored patterns

What time do the fireworks start?

flash card

a card with a word or picture on it that is used to help students learn.

Students can use their flashcards during their test.

float

to stay on the surface of a liquid and not sink:

An empty bottle will float.

freeze

If you freeze something, you lower its temperature below 0°C, causing it to become cold and
often hard, and if something freezes, its temperature goes below 0°C:

The ground had frozen solid this winter.

frequency

the number of times something happens within a particular period, or the fact of something
happening often or a large number or times:

There are many complaints about the frequency of bus stops in the city.

great

large in amount, size, or degree:

The issue is of great importance to everyone.

gymnastics

physical exercises and activities performed inside, often using equipment such as bars and ropes,
intended to increase the body's strength and the ability to move and bend easily:

I do gymnastics after school on Fridays.

hammer

a tool consisting of a piece of metal with a flat end that is fixed onto the end of a long, thin, usually
wooden handle, used for hitting things

She hit her thumb with the hammer.

hear

to receive or become conscious of a sound using your ears:

She heard a noise outside.

heat

the quality of being hot or warm, or the temperature of something:

She always wore a coat, even in the heat of summer.

heavy

weighing a lot, and needing effort to move or lift:

How heavy is that box?

hide

to put something or someone in a place where that thing or person cannot be seen or found, or to
put yourself somewhere where you cannot be seen or found:

She used to hide her diary under her pillow.

holiday

a time when someone does not go to work or school but is free to do what they want, such as
travel or relax:

Have you decided where you're going for your holiday(s) this year?

hope

to want something to happen or to be true, and usually have a good reason to think that it might:

I'm hoping for an interview next week.

horseback

on a horse:

There ar not many horseback riders these days.

icebreaker

a game or joke that makes people who do not know each other feel more relaxed together

We are doing an activity today called icebreaker.

identified

Past tense of “Identify” to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what that
person or thing is:

Even the smallest baby can be identified by the mother.

illness

a disease of the body or mind:

He died at home after a long illness.

illustrate

to draw pictures for a book, magazine, etc.:

This is a beautifully illustrated book.

imagination

the ability to form pictures in the mind:

My younger brother has a very active imagination.

immediately

now or without waiting or thinking:

We really should leave this place immediately.

independence

freedom from being governed or ruled by another country:

Guatemala gained its independence from Spain in 1821.

ingredient

a food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a particular dish:

My mother asked me to buy a list of ingredients today.

interviewed

The past tense of “Interview” a meeting in which someone asks you questions to see if you are
suitable for a job or course:

I interviewed for a job with a publisher.

invitation

the act of inviting someone to go to an event:

Thanks for the invitation to your birthday party.

January

the first month of the year, after December and before February:
His birthday is 25 January.

June

the sixth month of the year, after May and before July:

A lot of people get married in June.

kangaroo

a large Australian mammal with a long stiff tail, short front legs and long powerful back legs on
which it moves by jumping

There are Kangaroos at the Zoo!

kicked

past tense of “kick” to hit someone or something with the foot, or to move the feet and legs
suddenly and violently:

I kicked the ball as hard as I could.

kilometer

a unit of measurement equal to 1,000 meters

He walks two kilometers to work every morning.

kind

generous, helpful, and thinking about other people's feelings:

It's very kind of you to help us.

knitting

the activity of knitting something, or a thing that is being knitted:

She takes her knitting with her everywhere.

lake
a large area of water surrounded by land and not connected to the sea except by rivers or
streams:

We used to go boating on that lake.

late

(happening or being) near the end of a period of time:

He came bake home late last night.

latitude

the position north or south of the equator measured from 0° to 90°

At this latitude the sun does not rise at all on winter days.

laughed

the past tense of “laugh” to smile while making sounds with your voice that show you think
something is funny or you are happy:

They laughed at her jokes

leaf

one of the flat, usually green parts of a plant that are joined at one end to the stem or branch:

He was brushing up leaves in his garden.

light

the brightness that comes from the sun, fire, etc. and from electrical devices, and that allows
things to be seen:

Light was streaming in through the open door.

listen

to give attention to someone or something in order to hear him, her, or it:

What kind of music do you listen to?

living
living organisms, being alive.

He is probably the best-known living architect.

machine

a piece of equipment with several moving parts that uses power to do a particular type of work:

The different sizes of eggs are sorted by a machine.

magazine

a type of thin book with large pages and a paper cover that contains articles and photographs and
is published every week or month:

She has written articles for several women's magazines.

magnet

an object that is able to attract iron and steel objects

The box closes using magnets.

mammal

any animal of which the female feeds her young on milk from her own body. Most mammals give
birth to live young, not eggs:

Humans, dogs, elephants, and dolphins are all mammals.

manners

polite ways of treating other people and behaving in public:

He needs to be taught some manners.

marble

a type of very hard rock that has a pattern of lines going through it, feels cold, and can be polished
to become smooth and shiny:

The white statue is made of marble.

match

a sports competition or event in which two people or teams compete against each other:

There was a tennis match this weekend.

matter

a situation or subject that is being dealt with or considered:

Could I talk to you about a personal matter?

mayonnaise

a thick, white sauce made from oil, vinegar, and the yellow part of eggs, usually eaten cold

We love mayonnaise in our hamburguers.

message

a short piece of information that you give to a person when you cannot speak to them directly:

If I'm not there when you call, leave a message.

microphone

a piece of equipment that you speak into to make your voice louder, or to record your voice or
other sounds:

The interviewer asked her to use the microphone.

might

past simple of the verb may, used especially when reporting what someone has said, thought,
asked, etc.:

I brought him some sandwiches because I thought he might be hungry.

Mother's Day

This is a celebration honoring the mother of the family or individual, as well as motherhood,
maternal bonds, and the influence of mothers in society.

We always celebrate Mother’s Day at home.

motorcycle

a vehicle with two wheels and an engine

You have to be very careful driving a motorcycle.

mountain

a raised part of the earth's surface, much larger than a hill, the top of which might be covered in
snow:

I'd love to go mountain-climbing.

musician

someone who is skilled in playing music, usually as a job:

The concert features dancers and musicians of all nationalities.

mystery

something strange or not known that has not yet been explained or understood:

How the massive stones were brought here from hundreds of miles away is a mystery.

near

not far away in distance:

Is there a restaurant near here?

necessary

needed in order to achieve a particular result:

He lacks the necessary skills for the job.

need

the things you must have for a satisfactory life:

He needs to learn how to swim.

negative
expressing "no":

We received a negative answer to our request.

neighborhood

the area of a town that surrounds someone's home, or the people who live in this area:

There were lots of kids in my neighborhood when I was growing up.

FIFTH GRADE
aardvark

an African mammal with a long nose and large ears that lives underground and eats insects

The aardvark ate all the ants.

accurate

correct, exact, and without any mistakes:

Jane wrote an accurate description of her life in her diary.

adorable

used to describe someone or something that makes you love or like them, usually because they
are attractive and often small:

She has the most adorable two-year-old girl.

aerobic

involving, needing, or relating to oxygen:

The great majority of all living organisms are aerobic, requiring oxygen for respiration.
aerospace

producing or operating aircraft or spacecraft:

The aerospace industry plans to send men to Mars in 2030

affiliate

to cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another, usually larger,
group, or organization:

The school is affiliated with a national association of driving schools.

airy

with a lot of light and space:

The new offices are light and airy.

alone

without other people:

He likes being alone in the house.

ancient

of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time:

People have lived in this valley since ancient times.

anniversary

the day on which an important event happened in a previous year:

Tomorrow is the 30th anniversary of the revolution.

announcer

someone who introduces programmes or reads the news on the television or radio:

There is a girl working as a TV announcer.

antique

something made in an earlier period that is collected and considered to have value because it is
beautiful, rare, old, or of high quality:

My mother collects antiques.

applause

the sound of people clapping their hands repeatedly to show enjoyment or approval of something
such as a performance or speech:

His speech was received with a loud applause.

armchair

a comfortable chair with sides that support your arms:

She sat in an armchair by the fire, reading a newspaper.

array

a large group of things or people, especially one that is attractive or causes admiration or has been
positioned in a particular way:

There was a splendid array of food on the table.

artery

one of the thick tubes that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body:

Hardening of the coronary arteries can lead to a heart attack.

artichoke

a plant with a round mass of pointed parts like leaves surrounding its flower that are eaten as a
vegetable:

Cut the artichoke into long quarters and remove the choke the good parts.
assume

to accept something to be true without question or proof:

We mustn't assume the suspects' guilt.

auditorium

the part of a theatre, or similar building, where the people who are watching and listening sit:

The whole school is ready in the auditorium.

avenue

a wide road with trees or tall buildings on both sides, or a wide country path or road with trees on
both sides:

My house is located in Fremont Avenue.

awful

extremely bad or unpleasant:

He suffered awful injuries in the accident.

balloonist

a person who takes part in the sport of travelling by balloon:

He's a really good balloonist.

barometer

a device that measures air pressure and shows when the weather is likely to change

The barometer is warning that rain is coming.

basketball

a game played by two teams of five players who score points by throwing a large ball through an
open net hanging from a metal ring

He walked along bouncing a basketball.

bathing suit

a piece of clothing that you wear for swimming

She has a red bathing suit.

beach

an area of sand or small stones near the sea or another area of water such as a lake:

We spent the day on the beach.

because

for the reason that:

We can't go to Julia's party because we're going away that weekend.

belongings

the things that a person owns, especially those that can be carried :

I put a few personal belongings in a bag and left the house for the last time.

beneficial

helpful, useful, or good:

Reading is beneficial if you want to learn a new language.

biceps

the large muscle at the front of the upper arm

The Olympic player flexed his biceps before pulling the weight.

bilingual

able to use two languages equally well:

They are raising bilingual children.

billboard

a very large board on which advertisements are shown, especially at the side of a road:

On the highway we passed dozens of billboards showing his smiling face.

biography

the life story of a person written by someone else:

He wrote a biography of Winston Churchill.

blindfolded

used to say someone's eyes are covered to stop them from seeing:

I've been there so often I could probably drive there blindfolded.

bookstore

a store or website where books are sold

Whenever I go to a bookstore I buy two or three books.

bottom

the lowest part of something:

He stood at the bottom of the stairs and called up to me.

breakfast

a meal eaten in the morning as the first meal of the day:

What do you want for breakfast?

Buckingham Palace

The King's official London residence and a working royal palace

I want to visit Buckingham Palace when I go to London.

building

a structure with walls and a roof, such as a house or factory:

The once-empty site was now covered with buildings.

business

the activity of buying and selling goods and services:

He's in the frozen food business.

campaign

a planned group of especially political, business, or military activities that are intended to achieve
a particular aim:

The protests were part of their campaign against the proposed building development in the area.

capillaries

plural of “capillary” a very thin tube, especially one of the smaller tubes that carry blood around
the body

You can take care of your capillaries if you brush your hair every night.

cartography

the science or art of making or drawing maps

I would like to study cartography so I can draw maps.

century

a period of 100 years:

This sculpture must be centuries old.

character

the particular combination of qualities in a person or place that makes them different from others:

Politeness is traditionally part of the British character.

charcoal

a hard, black substance similar to coal that can be used as fuel or, in the form of sticks, as
something to draw with:

She used charcoal for the barbecue.

civilization

human society with its well-developed social organizations, or the culture and way of life of a
society or country at a particular period in time:

Some people think that nuclear war would mean the end of civilization.

coiled

a coiled spring

He stepped over a coiled hose and went onto the grass.

Comic book

a magazine or book that contains a set of stories told in pictures with a small amount of writing
They made the movie according to the Comic book.

competence

the ability to do something well:

He reached a reasonable level of competence in his English.

consequence

a result of a particular action or situation, often one that is bad or not convenient:

You need to study for the test otherwise you will have consequences.

course

a set of classes or a plan of study on a particular subject, usually leading to an exam or

qualification:

They're going away on a training course next week.

crooner

a singer, especially a man, who sings love songs

The crooners' sentimental song was amazing.

cruelty

cruel behaviour or a cruel action:

The farmer was accused of cruelty to animals.

curly

having curls or a curved shape:

He has blond, curly hair.

cushion

a bag made of cloth, plastic, or leather that is filled with soft material, often has an attractive
cover, and is used especially on chairs for sitting or leaning on:

She sank back against the cushions.

daffodil

a yellow, bell-shaped flower with a long stem that is commonly seen in the spring

I love daffodils in the summer, they look lovely under the sun.

desert

an area, often covered with sand or rocks, where there is very little rain and not many plants:

They were lost in the desert for nine days.

develop

to (cause something to) grow or change into a more advanced, larger, or stronger form:

This exercise is designed to develop the shoulder and back muscles.

dirty

marked with dirt, mud, etc., or containing something such as pollution or bacteria:

Her face was dirty and tear-stained.

disappeared

The past tense of “disappear” If people or things disappear, they go somewhere where they
cannot be seen or found:

The search was called off for the sailors who disappeared in the storm.

doorknob

a round handle that you turn to open a door

The doorknob was very shiny and big.

dormouse

a small animal that looks like a mouse with a long tail covered in fur

The dormouse hid under my bed.

downpour

a lot of rain in a short time

There was a terrible downpour las night.

downstairs

to or on a lower floor of a building, especially the ground floor:

I went downstairs to answer the phone.

drawer

a box-shaped container, without a top, that is part of a piece of furniture. It slides in and out to
open and close and is used for keeping things in:

I keep my socks in the bottom drawer.

earliest

superlative of “early” near the beginning of a period of time, or before the usual, expected, or
planned time:

If you finish early you can go home.

eggplant

an oval, purple vegetable that is white inside and is usually eaten cooked

I love to eat eggplant with pasta.

electricity

a form of energy that can be produced in several ways and that provides power to devices that
create light, heat, etc.:

The electricity has been turned off.

employee

someone who is paid to work for someone else:

The number of employees in the company has changed over the years.

engineer

a person whose job is to design or build machines, engines, or electrical equipment, or things such
as roads, railways, or bridges, using scientific principles:

My dad is a civil engineer.

enjoyable

An enjoyable event or experience gives you pleasure:

a very enjoyable game/movie

Thank you for a most enjoyable evening.

Erupting

-ing- Erupt When a volcano erupts, it explodes and flames and rocks come out of it:

The volcano was erupting lava and rocks.

established

accepted or respected because of having existed for a long period of time:

There are established procedures for dealing with emergencies.

eucalyptus

any of several types of tree, found especially in Australia, that produce an oil with a strong smell.
Eucalyptus oil is used in medicine and industry:

The eucalyptus tree smells delicious.

eventually

in the end, especially after a long time or a lot of effort, problems, etc.:

They will go to the beach, eventually.

excavate

to remove earth that is covering very old objects buried in the ground in order to discover things
about the past:

Ice age bones are being excavated in the caves.

excavation

the act of removing earth that is covering very old objects buried in the ground in order to
discover things about the past:

Three skulls were discovered during the excavation of an Egyptian tomb.

exciting

making you feel excited:

You're going to Africa? How exciting!

expedition

an organized journey for a particular purpose:

We're going on a shopping expedition on Saturday.

expensive

costing a lot of money:

Big houses are expensive to maintain.

eyebrow

the line of short hairs above each eye in humans:

He's got really bushy eyebrows.

eyelash

any of the short hairs that grow along the edges of the eye:

She’s got really long eyelashes.

fence

a structure that divides two areas of land, similar to a wall but made of wood or wire and
supported with posts

The house was surrounded by a tall, wooden fence.

firefighter

a person whose job is to stop fires from burning

It took the firefighters several hours to extinguish the flames.

flamingo

a large bird with pink feathers, long, thin legs, a long neck, and a beak that curves down

There are pink flamingos painted on the walls.

forty

the number 40:

I think she gets about forty thousand pounds a year.

fossil fuels

fuels, such as gas, coal, and oil, that were formed underground from plant and animal remains
millions of years ago

Fossil fuels create gasoline today.

fountains

a stream of water that is forced up into the air through a small hole, especially for decorative
effect, or the structure in a lake or pool from which this flows

There was a picture of the Trevi fountains on the front of the book.

fourteen

the number 14:

Luisa is going to be fourteen next month.

furnaces

a container that is heated to a very high temperature, so that substances that are put inside it,
such as metal, will melt or burn:

This room's feels like many furnaces working inside (= is very hot)!

gallon

a unit for measuring volume:

How much does a gallon of gas cost?

gasoline

formal for gas

The price of gasoline has risen sharply in recent years.

gelatin

a clear substance made from animal bones and used especially to make Jell-O

I love pink gelatin for dessert.

general

involving or relating to most or all people, things, or places, especially when these are considered
as a unit:

There is general concern about rising crime rates.

genius

very great and rare natural ability or skill, especially in a particular area such as science or art, or a
person who has this:

Einstein was a mathematical genius.

genuine

If something is genuine, it is real and exactly what it appears to be:

This jacket is genuine leather.

geography

the study of the systems and processes involved in the world's weather, mountains, seas, lakes,
etc. and of the ways in which countries and people organize life within an area

Geography was my favorite subject at school.

geological

relating to geology, or to the geology of a particular area or place:

the complex geological structure of the region is filled with volcanoes.

gloves

a piece of clothing that is worn on the hand and wrist for warmth or protection, with separate
parts for each finger:

I need a new pair of gloves.

grateful

showing or expressing thanks, especially to another person:

I'm so grateful for all that you've done.

half

either of the two equal or nearly equal parts that together make up a whole:

Roughly half of the class are Spanish and the others are a mixture of nationalities.

harmful

causing harm:

This group of chemicals is known to be harmful to people with asthma.

honored

past tense of “honor” great respect for someone, or the feeling of pride and pleasure resulting
when respect is shown to you:

They were honored to meet with you.

hygiene

the degree to which people keep themselves or their environment clean, especially to prevent
disease:

Poor standards of hygiene mean that the disease spreads fast.

hymn

a song of praise that Christians sing to God:

I use a hymn book when I go to church on Sunday.

improve

to (cause something to) get better:

He did a lot to improve conditions for factory workers.

information

facts about a situation, person, event, etc.:

Do you have any information about train times?

inseparable

If two or more people are inseparable, they are such good friends that they spend most of their
time together:

When we were kids Zoe and I were inseparable.

introduce

to put something into use, operation, or a place for the first time:

Apple has sold many millions of iPods since the product was introduced in 2001.

invented

past tense of “invent” to design and/or create something that has never been made before:

The first safety razor was invented by company founder King C. Gillette in 1903.

investigate

to examine a crime, problem, statement, etc. carefully, especially to discover the truth:

Police are going to investigate the robbery.

irrigate

to supply land with water so that crops and plants will grow:

They need to irrigate the fields.

jealous

upset and angry because someone that you love seems interested in another person:

Anna says she feels jealous every time another woman looks at her boyfriend.
jeans

trousers made of denim (= strong blue cotton cloth) that are worn informally:

I never wear jeans to work.

joyful

very happy:

Christmas is such a joyful time of year.

judge

a person who is in charge of a trial in a court and decides how a person who is guilty of a crime
should be punished, or who makes decisions on legal matters:

The judge reminded the witness that she was under oath.

Jupiter

the planet fifth in order of distance from the Sun, after Mars and before Saturn

Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Solar System.

justice

fairness in the way people are dealt with:

There's no justice in the world for the animals that live on the streets.

kitchen

a room where food is kept, prepared, and cooked and where the dishes are washed:

We usually eat breakfast in the kitchen.

knead

to press something, especially a mixture for making bread, firmly and repeatedly with the hands
and fingers:

You need to knead the dough until smooth.

kneecap

the bone at the front of the knee joint

I hurt my kneecap and now I’m limping.

knight

a man given a rank of honour by a British king or queen because of his special achievements, and
who has the right to be called "Sir":

He hopes to be made a knight for his humanistic work.

knocking

-ing- Knock: to repeatedly hit something, producing a noise:

She was knocking on the window to attract his attention.

knot

a join made by tying together the ends of a piece or pieces of string, rope, cloth, etc.:

I have to learn to tie a knot properly.

SIXTH GRADE
accomplished

skilled:

She's a very accomplished pianist.

accordion

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard, played by
pushing the two ends towards each other

She plays the accordion in a band.

the accused

the person who is on trial in a law court:

The accused protested her innocence.

advertisement

a picture, short film, song, etc. that tries to persuade people to buy a product or service:

I saw an advertisement for the new restaurant that opened in town.

aghast

suddenly filled with strong feelings of shock and worry:

He looked at her aghast.

amazement

extreme surprise:

She stared in amazement.

ambitious

having a strong wish to be successful, powerful, or rich:

She is an ambitious young lawyer.

amused

showing that you think something is funny:

She was very amused by your comments.

amusement

the feeling of being entertained or made to laugh:

She looked at him with amusement.

anthropologist

someone who scientifically studies humans and their customs, beliefs, and relationships

My sister wants to be an anthropologist.

apologizing

to tell someone that you are sorry for having done something that has caused problems or
unhappiness for them:

She was apologizing to her sister for being late to her wedding.

appetizer

a small amount of food eaten before a meal:

At 6.30 everyone gathered for drinks and appetizers in the hotel lounge.

appliances

devices, machines, or piece of equipment, especially an electrical one that is used in the house,
such as a cooker or washing machine:

We sell household appliances at the store.

appreciate

to recognize how good someone or something is and to value them or it:

They don’t appreciate expensive wines.

apprentice

someone who has agreed to work for a skilled person for a particular period of time and often for
low payment, in order to learn that person's skills:

Most of the work was done by apprentices.

aquamarine

a greenish-blue stone used in jewellery:

Fantastic diamonds, pearls, rubies, emeralds and aquamarines are insured for thousands of
pounds.
archaeologist

someone who studies the buildings, graves, tools, and other objects of people who lived in the
past

A team of archaeologists are working on a pyramid.

arrangement

a plan for how something will happen:

They'd made all the arrangements for the party.

associate

to connect someone or something in your mind with someone or something else:

Most people associate Nike with good quality.

atmosphere

the mixture of gases around the earth:

These factories are releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere.

attachment

an extra piece of equipment that can be added to a machine:

This food processor has a special attachment for grinding coffee.

attic

the space or room at the top of a building, under the roof, often used for storing things:

I've got boxes of old clothes in the attic.

autopsy

the cutting open and examination of a dead body in order to discover the cause of death:

They carried performed an autopsy.

awesome

causing feelings of great admiration, respect, or fear:

An awesome challenge is ahead of you.

banquet

a large formal meal for many people, often followed by speeches in honor of someone:

Medieval banquets are held in the castle once a month.

barefoot

not wearing any shoes or socks:

We took off our shoes and socks and walked barefoot along the beach.

beanie

a small hat that fits closely to the head:

The girls love a beanie.

behavior

the way that someone behaves:

Her behavior is often really bad.

Benedictine

Eggs Benedict is a brunch specialty consisting of hot buttered English muffins, Canadian-style
bacon, and poached eggs topped with a rich Hollandaise sauce.

I love to eat Benedictine eggs on Sundays.

bind

to tie something or someone tightly or to fasten something:

You need to bind together the two broken ends.

binoculars

a pair of tubes with glass lenses at either end that you look through to see things far away more
clearly:

We should buy a pair of binoculars.

bitterness

an unpleasantly sharp taste

I can’t stand the bitterness in this salad.

boardwalk

a path made of wooden boards built along a beach

Be careful walking out there in the boardwalk.

botanist

a scientist who studies plants

The botanist is very interested in their garden.

breathless

not able to breathe easily:

I was breathless after climbing the stairs.

broken-hearted

extremely unhappy:

She was broken-hearted when her boyfriend left her.

brook

a small stream:

I could hear the sound of a babbling brook.

bruise

an injury or mark where the skin has not been broken but is darker in color, often as a result of
being hit by something:

His arms and back were covered in bruises.

budget

a plan to show how much money a person or organization will earn and how much they will need
or be able to spend:

The firm has drawn up a budget for the coming financial year.

buffalo

a large animal of the cattle family, with long, curved horns:

It is common in China to see a water buffalo pulling a cart.

bulldozer

a heavy vehicle with a large blade in front, used for pushing earth and stones away and for making
areas of ground flat at the same time

We need to level a bulldozer to push these rocks away.

bungalow

a house that usually has only one story (= level), sometimes with a smaller upper story set in the
roof and windows that come out from the roof:

There were small, white bungalows dotted over the hillside.

buzzes

to make a continuous, low sound such as the one a bee makes:

I can hear the insect buzzes around us.

campfire

an outside fire, made and used by people who are staying outside or in tents

The campfire was outside our tent.

carousel

a large machine at a fair that turnaround and has wooden or plastic animals or vehicles on which
children ride

The children love to ride the carousel.

cephalothorax

the front part of arachnids, such as spiders, and various crustaceans that consists of a combined
head and thorax.

The front part of the spiders or other arachnids is called cephalothorax.

cerebellum

a large part at the back of the brain that controls your muscles, movement, and balance

The cerebellum was damaged by the accident.

ceremonial

related to, used in, or involving a ceremony (= a fixed set of formal acts performed on important
social or religious occasions):

The men were dressed in ceremonial black robes.

chandelier

a decorative light that hangs from the ceiling and has several parts like branches for holding bulbs
or, especially in the past, candles

There was a big chandelier in the middle of the roof.

circuit

a regular pattern of visits or the places visited:

They first met each other on the tennis circuit.

Clucking

-ing- Cluck to make the low, interrupted noise that a chicken makes

Chickens are clucking behind the woman.

clumsy

A clumsy person often has accidents because they do not behave in a careful, controlled way:

You’re so clumsy you dropped the ice cream!

cobblestone

a rounded stone used on the surface of an old-fashioned road:

The cart rumbled over the cobblestones.

cochlea

a twisted tube inside the inner ear that is the main organ of hearing

He damaged the cochlea inside his left ear.

Cockatiel - Wikipedia

The cockatiel also known as the weero/weiro or quarrion, is a medium-sized parrot that is a
member of its own branch of the cockatoo family.

My mother has two Cockatiels in a cage.

cocoa

a dark brown powder made from cocoa beans, used to make chocolate and add a chocolate
flavour to food and drink

I would love a nice hot mug of cocoa.

collection

a group of objects of one type that have been collected by one person or in one place:

The painting is at a private art collection.

comfortable

Comfortable furniture and clothes provide a pleasant feeling and do not give you any physical
problems:

He has a very comfortable bed.

committed

loyal and willing to give your time and energy to something that you believe in:

She is a very committed teacher.

committee

a small group of people chosen to represent a larger organization and either make decisions or
collect information for it:

She is on the school's development committee.

conductor

someone who directs the performance of musicians or a piece of music:

The conductor raised his baton.

core

the basic and most important part of something:

Being late to school is at the core of the problem.

cotton

the threads that grow around the seeds of a tall plant grown especially in the US, China, and South
Asia:

Natural fibres such as cotton tend to be cooler.

cougar

a large, brown wild cat that lives in North and South America

The cougar is a very large cat.

Course

the route or direction followed by a ship, aircraft, road, or river.

The river course was moved by the storm.

craftsman

a person who is skilled in a particular craft:

The plates are painted by our finest craftsmen.

creepy

strange or unnatural and making you feel frightened:

That was a very creepy film.

crow

a large, black bird with a loud, unpleasant cry

There is a black crow outside my window.

cruise

a journey on a large ship for pleasure, during which you visit several places:

He and his wife went on a cruise to the Bahamas.

crust

a hard outer covering of something:

Could you cut the crusts off the sandwiches, please?

cuddly

liking to cuddle, or making you want to cuddle:

That is a very cuddly child.

cunning

Cunning people are clever at planning something so that they get what they want, especially by
tricking other people, or things that are cleverly made for a particular purpose:

He's a very cunning man.

curled

past tense of “curl” a piece of hair that grows or has been formed into a curving shape, or
something that is the same shape as this:

Her hair falls curled over her shoulders.

current

of the present time:

Have you seen the current issue of Vogue magazine?

cutaneous

Lesions are more common in internal organs but may rarely be seen as one or more cutaneous
ulcers.

Cutaneous anthrax occurs when anthrax touches a cut or scrape on the skin.

cymbal

a flat, round musical instrument made of brass that makes a loud noise when hit with a stick or
against another cymbal

They were playing the cymbals very loud.

czar

A czar is also a person who has a lot of power in Russia:

The nation’s czar died a long time ago in Russia.

decadence

low moral standards and behaviour:

Western decadence is the worst.

deforestation

the cutting down of trees in a large area, or the destruction of forests by people:

Deforestation is destroying large areas of tropical rain forest.

delightful

very pleasant, attractive, or enjoyable:

Our new neighbors are delightful.

deliver

to take goods, letters, parcels, etc. to people's houses or places of work:

Mail is delivered to our office twice a day.

denominator

the number below the line in a fraction:

In the fraction ¾, 4 is the denominator.

diaphragm

the muscle that separates the chest from the lower part of the body

The diaphragm was blocked during surgery.

disgusting

extremely unpleasant or unacceptable:

It's disgusting that there are no schools or hospitals for these people

dynamite

a type of explosive:

She only used a stick of dynamite.

earmuffs

a pair of small pieces of material like fur worn over the ears with a strap that goes over the head to
keep them on

Jane was wearing a pair of pink earmuffs.

Echo

a sound or series of sounds caused by the reflection of sound waves from a surface back to the
listener.

"the walls threw back the echoes of his footsteps"

eclipse

an occasion when the sun disappears from view, either completely or partly, while the moon is
moving between it and the earth, or when the moon becomes darker while the shadow of the
earth moves over it:

On Wednesday there will be a total/partial eclipse of the sun.

electricity

a form of energy that can be produced in several ways and that provides power to devices that
create light, heat, etc.:

The electricity has been turned off.

electron

an extremely small piece of matter with a negative electrical charge

An electron is the part of an atom with a negative electrical charge.

enamel

a type of paint that forms a shiny surface when dry

My nails have a beautiful pink enamel.

enclosure

an area surrounded by fences or walls:

We have an enclosure for the horses.

encouraged

having more confidence or hope about something:

She felt encouraged by their promise of support.

enlighten

to provide someone with information and understanding, or to explain the true facts about
something to someone:

I don't understand this. Could you enlighten me?

enthusiastic

showing enthusiasm:

You don't seem very enthusiastic about the party.

equivalent

having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc.:

She's doing the equivalent job in the new company but for more money.

erosion

the fact of soil, stone, etc. being gradually damaged and removed by the waves, rain, or wind:

Coastal erosion is destroying the land.

excavate

to remove earth that is covering very old objects buried in the ground in order to discover things
about the past:

Ice age bones are being excavated in the caves.

Exchanging

-ing- exchange the act of giving something to someone and them giving you something else:

an exchange of ideas/information

They are exchanging work for food.

exercise

physical activity that you do to make your body strong and healthy:

Swimming is my favorite form of exercise.

exhaustion

the state of being extremely tired:

She felt ill from exhaustion.

exploitation

the use of something in order to get an advantage from it:

Britain's exploitation of its natural gas reserves began after the Second World War.

extinction

a situation in which something no longer exists:

The extinction of the dinosaurs occurred millions of years ago.

fertilization

the action of spreading a natural or chemical substance on land or plants, in order to make the
plants grow well:

Proper fertilization of land is of great importance for good quality food.

fictitious

invented and not true or not existing:

Characters in this novel are entirely fictitious.

fisherman

someone who catches fish, especially as a job

Fisherman work in the ocean all year long.

foolish

unwise, stupid, or not showing good judgment:

That was a rather foolish thing to do.

foreground

the people, objects, countryside, etc. in a picture or photograph that seem nearest to you and
form its main part:

In the foreground of the painting is a horse and cart.

forgotten

-past participle- forget : to be unable to remember a fact, something that happened, or how to do
something:

I'm sorry, I've forgotten your name.

frightening

making you feel fear:

It is frightening to think what might happen if she left him.

Frisbee

a brand name for a plastic disk that is thrown between people as a game, or the game of throwing
this disk:

Do you want to play Frisbee?

gentleman

a polite way of talking to or referring to a man:

Ladies and gentlemen, the show is about to begin.

geographer

a person who studies geography

They will need a geographer to study the area.

geothermal

of or connected with the heat inside the earth:

There is one geothermal power station in my hometown.

geyser

a hole in the ground from which hot water and steam come out

There is a geyser in Yellowstone park.

gondola

a narrow boat with a raised point at both ends, used on canals in Venice

We used to gondolas in our trip in Venice.

gondolier

a man who takes people from one place to another in a gondola

The gondolier kept on singing the whole time.

goose

a large water bird similar to a duck but larger, or the meat from this bird

The female bird is called a goose and the male bird is called a gander.

groan

a deep, long sound showing great pain or unhappiness:

We could hear the groans of the wounded soldiers.

grotesque

strange and unpleasant, especially in a silly or slightly frightening way:

By now she'd had so much cosmetic surgery that she looked quite grotesque.
grown

an adult:

I don't like to see a grown man that doesn’t know how to cook.

grumble

to complain about someone or something in an annoyed way:

She spent the evening grumbling to me about her job.

hammock

a type of bed used especially outside, consisting of a net or long piece of strong cloth that you tie
between two trees or poles so that it swings (= moves sideways through the air)

We used a hammock by the pool yesterday.