8 Creep effects on phased construction 1/19

BRIDGE DESIGN

CREEP EFFECTS ON
PHASED
CONSTRUCTION
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”

8 Creep effects on phased construction 2/19

The following exercise will show an application of the 5th

principle of linear viscoelasticity to an homogeneous
structure with rigid
g bearingsg built in several phases.
p

Final static scheme of the structure to build

0 1 2 3 4

45m 45m 45m 45m

Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”
8 Creep effects on phased construction 3/19

Cross section properties

12m

0.3m
6m 0.4m 2.4m
1 85m
1.85
0.25m

6.8m

A = 0.3
0 3 ⋅12 + 2 ⋅ 0.4
0 4 ⋅1.85
1 85 + 0.25
0 25 ⋅ 6.8
6 8 = 3.6
3 6 + 1.48
1 48 + 1.7
1 7 = 6.78
6 78m 2
u = 2 ⋅ (12 + 2.4 ) + (1.85 + 6 ) = 28.8 + 7.85 = 36.7 m
2 Ac 2 ⋅ 6.78
6 78 g = γ ⋅ Ac = 25 ⋅ 6.78 = 170kN / m
= = 0.369m = 369mm
u 36.7

Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”

8 Creep effects on phased construction 4/19

Construction phases

1 t=0d
1. t 0d Sim ltaneo s conc
Simultaneous concreting
eting of the fo
four spans
2. t=28d Scaffolding removal – self weight action on simply
supported beam scheme
3. t=30d Concreting of key 1
4. t=45d Concreting of key 2
5. t=60d Concreting of key 3

0 1 2 3 4

Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”
8 Creep effects on phased construction 5/19

Static schemes corresponding to the different phases

Scheme 0 28d<t<30d
0 1 2 3 4

Scheme 1 30d<t<45d

0 1 2 3 4

Scheme 2 45d<t<60d
0 1 2 3 4

Scheme 3 60d<t
0 1 2 3 4

Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”

8 Creep effects on phased construction 6/19

Calculation procedure

1 Sol
1. Solve
e each of the schemes seen abo
above
e elasticall
elastically and e
evaluate
al ate
continuity bending moments.
2. Evaluate the functions α j ( z) that show the influence of the restraint j
on the previous i:1,j-1.
3. Evaluate the functions ξ (t , t1 , t0 ) with respect to section dimensions,
relative humidity and time (e.g.
(e g they are given in graphical form in
CEB fib bulletins)
4. Apply 5th principle of linear viscoelasticity

Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”
8 Creep effects on phased construction 7/19

1 Linear elastic solutions

1.
Scheme 0

0 1 2 3 4
Scheme 1
gl 2
M el (1)
1 =− M 2el (1) = 0 M 3el (1) = 0
8
0 1 2 3 4
Scheme 2 gl 2 gl 2
M el (2)
1 =− M el (2)
2 =− M 3el (2) = 0
10 10
0 1 2 3 4
Scheme 3
3gl 2 2 gl 2 3 gl 2
M el (3)
1 =− M el (3)
2 =− M el (3)
3 =−
28 28 28
0 1 2 3 4
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”

8 Creep effects on phased construction 8/19

Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”
8 Creep effects on phased construction 9/19

Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”

8 Creep effects on phased construction 10/19

2 Evaluation of functions α j ( z )
2.

The functions α j ( z) are the internal actions (for us only bending moment for sake
of simplicity) calculated on the static scheme j-1 (the one previous to the
introduction of the delayed restraint j) by the effect of the reaction given by the
delayed restraint j set equal to unit.

Our restraint are hinges that becomes full restraints so the “reactions” are
bending moments.

We have 3 delayed restraints so we will have 3 functions α j ( z) .

Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”
8 Creep effects on phased construction 11/19

Evaluation of functions α j ( z )
Restraint 1 on scheme 0
0 1 M1 = 1 2 3 4

1 α1 ( z ) α1,1 = 1

Restraint 2 on scheme 1
0 1 2 M2 =1 3 4
−1
4 α 2 ( z) 1
α1,2 = − 1 4 α 2,2 = 1
Restraint 3 on scheme 2
0 1 1 2 3 M3 = 1 4
15
−4
15 α3 ( z) 1
α1,3 =1
15
α 2,3 =−4
15
α 3,3 = 1
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”

8 Creep effects on phased construction 12/19

t
3 Evaluation of functions
3. ξ (t , t1 , t0 ) = ∫ R(t ,τ )dJ (τ , t0 )
t1

RH % = 50 f ck = 40 MPa t0 = 28 days

1st restraint – key 1 t1 = 30 ≅ 28 days

2 Ac u = 200mm ⇒ ξ (45,30, 28) = 0.45⎫ 2 Ac

⎬ = 369mm ⇒ ξ (45,30, 28) = 0.40
2 Ac u = 400mm ⇒ ξ ((45,30,
, , 28)) = 0.39 ⎭ u

2 Ac u = 200mm ⇒ ξ (60,30, 28) = 0.50 ⎫ 2 Ac

⎬ = 369mm ⇒ ξ (60,30, 28) = 0.46
2 Ac u = 400mm ⇒ ξ (60,30,
(60 30 28) = 0.45
0 45⎭ u

2 Ac u = 200mm ⇒ ξ (∞,30, 28) = 0.77 ⎫ 2 Ac

⎬ = 369mm ⇒ ξ (∞,,30,, 28)) = 0.76
2 Ac u = 400mm ⇒ ξ (∞,30, 28) = 0.76 ⎭ u

Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”
8 Creep effects on phased construction 13/19

t
Evaluation of functions ξ (t , t1 , t0 ) = ∫ t R(t ,τ )dJ (τ , t0 )
1

RH % = 50 f ck = 40 MPa t0 = 28 days

2nd restraint – key 2 t1 = 45 days

2 Ac u = 200mm ⇒ ξ (60, 45, 28) = 0.25 ⎫ 2 Ac
⎬ = 369mm ⇒ ξ (60, 45, 28) = 0.22
2 Ac u = 400mm ⇒ ξ (60, 45, 28) = 0.22 ⎭ u

2 Ac u = 200mm ⇒ ξ (∞, 45, 28) = 0.67 ⎫ 2 Ac

⎬ = 369mm ⇒ ξ (∞, 45, 28) = 0.68
2 Ac u = 400mm ⇒ ξ (∞, 45, 28) = 0.68 ⎭ u

3rd restraint – key 3 t1 = 60 days

2 Ac u = 200mm ⇒ ξ (∞, 60,
60 28) = 0.64
0 64 ⎫ 2 Ac
⎬ = 369mm ⇒ ξ (∞, 60, 28) = 0.63
2 Ac u = 400mm ⇒ ξ (∞, 60, 28) = 0.63⎭ u

Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”

8 Creep effects on phased construction 14/19

4 Apply 5th principle of linear viscoelasticity

4.

Evaluation of the internal actions.

Phase 1 M =0 ∀z

Phase 2 Simply supported beam moment M1 = M 2 = M 3 = 0

Phase 3 t=30 days Simply supported beam moment M1 = M 2 = M 3 = 0

2
gl
Phase 3 t=45 days M 1 = M 1el (1) ⋅ ξ (45,30, 28) = − ⋅ 0.40
8
M2 = M3 = 0
Phase 4 t=60 days gl 2
M2 = M el (2)
2 ⋅ ξ (60, 45, 28) = − ⋅ 0.22
10
M 1 = M 1el ((1)) ⋅ ξ (60,30,
(60 30 28) + α1,2 ⋅ M 2el ((2)) ⋅ ξ (60, 45, 28) =
(60 45
gl 2 1 gl 2
=− ⋅ 0.46 + ⋅ ⋅ 0.22
8 4 10
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”
8 Creep effects on phased construction 15/19

Phase 5 t=∞ days

3 gl 2
M3 = M el (3)
3 ⋅ ξ (∞, 60, 28) = − ⋅ 0.63
28

M 2 = M 2el (2) ⋅ ξ (∞, 45, 28) + α 2,3 ⋅ M 3el (3) ⋅ ξ (∞, 60, 28) =
gl 2 4 3 gl 2
=− ⋅ 0.68 + ⋅ ⋅ 0.63
10 15 28

M 1 = M 1el (1) ⋅ ξ (∞,30, 28) + α1,2 ⋅ M 2el (2) ⋅ ξ (∞, 45, 28) + α1,3 ⋅ M 3el (3) ⋅ ξ (∞, 60, 28) =
gl 2 1 gl 2 1 3 gl 2
=− ⋅ 0.76 + ⋅ ⋅ 0.68 − ⋅ ⋅ 0.63
8 4 10 15 28

The numeric values will be shown in the next slides.

Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”

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Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”
8 Creep effects on phased construction 17/19

Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”

8 Creep effects on phased construction 18/19

Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”
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Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
“Bridge design”