Grinding

GRINFING MACHINE REPORTING

Machine
Process
Group #4
Grinding
Grinding is a metal cutting operation like any
other process of machining removing metal in
a comparatively smaller volume. The cutting
tool used is an abrasive wheel having many
numbers of cutting edges. The machine on
which grinding the operation is performed is
called a grinding machine.

Grinding is done to obtain very high

dimensional accuracy and better appearance.
The accuracy of the grinding process is
0.000025mm. The amount of material
removed from the work is very little.
Grinding Machine
Parts and Function
Grinding Machine
Consists of Following
Main Parts

Base or Bed
Column
Headstock
Tailstock
Worktable
Wheel Head
Grinding or Abrasive Wheel
Crossfeed or Traversing Wheel
Coolant Supply Nozzle

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Grinding Machine Parts and Function
Base or Bed
The base or Bed is made up of
cast iron. It is situated
horizontally and it is the bottom
part of the grinding machine,
provides support to all the
grinding parts. When machine
operation starts some vibration
occurs therefore base acts as an
absorber of vibrations.
Column Headstock
Colum is like a vertical pillar of The headstock work is to
the machine in this section the matches the center and helps to
abrasive wheel, wheel head, and grip the workpiece.
wheel guard are kept. The
column is also made up of cast
iron.
Grinding Machine Parts and Function
Tailstock
The tailstock is known as the
dead center. It also provides
gripping to the workpiece.
Work Table
Nowadays In the new grinding
machine, the headstock and
tailstock are replaced with work
tables. A worktable is like a
magnetic chuck that holds the
workpiece.
Wheel Head
In this section, the abrasive wheels
which are our tool for operation are
placed and this is moved vertically
up and down. With the use of a Feed
hand, we can adjust the wheel head.
Moving this wheel head down so
that the grinding wheel can touch
the workpiece. The wheel head
consists of a grinding wheel and a
driving motor.
Grinding Machine Parts and Function

Grinding or
Abrasive Wheel Crossfeed Traversing Wheel

The grinding or Abrasive wheel is Crossfeed is also an important Hand Traversing Wheel is used to
the main tool used to remove the part of this machine, it is used for move the table in the horizontal
unwanted material from the movement mainly moving up and direction according to the tool
workpiece to get desired down or left and right the wheel and the workpiece. Cross Side is
smoothness and surface finish. The
head and work table. used to move the worktable in
four commonly used abrasive
forwarding and backward
materials for the surface of the
directions. A vertical Feed Hand
grinding wheels are Aluminum
oxide, silicon carbide, cubic boron Wheel is used to move the wheel
nitride, and diamond. head in the vertical direction.
Grinding Machine Parts and Function

Coolant Supply Nozzle

The main work of the coolant supply

nozzle is to cool or reduce the
temperature generated while performing
the operation. If this part is not there
then there are chances of wear and tear
happening because of the high
temperature between the wheel and the
workpiece. The coolant may be water or
any other oil.
Grinding
Machine
Working In brief, we can say the working
of the Grinding Machine is the

Principle
Workpiece is fed against the
rotating abrasive wheel. The
action of rubbing or friction
generates between wok price
and tool therefore the material
removes. A grinding machine is
used for providing a good
surface finish to the work piece.
 First, clean the machine with a clean brush.

Step by The workpiece is fixed in the worktable. And tool which

is the grinding wheel is also fixed in the tool holder
section.

Step Now with the help of the traversing wheel, we adjust the
tool and workpiece and bring it into the contact and

Process in make sure there is little gap available as you have not
started the machine.

Using a After all, set between workpiece and tool make sure to
check the coolant supply nozzle and fill the liquid into it
So that when operation starts it automatically or

Grinding manually can supply.

Now supplying the power to the system, The wheel
starts rotating and Now brings the tool in contact with

Machine the workpiece. Gradually provide the feed as per the

dimension you want.
 The following different types of
Operation that can be performed
on Grinding Machine:
Grinding
Surface Grinding Operation

Cylindrical Grinding Operation

Machine Thread grinding Operation

Internal and External Grinding

Operations
Centerless Grinding

Form Grinding Operation

Wet and Dry Grinding Operation

Surface Grinding Operation
Surface grinding involves grinding flat surfaces and
is one of the most common grinding operations.
Typically the workpiece is secured on a magnetic
Chuck attached to the worktable of the grinder.
Nonmagnetic materials generally are needed by
vises special fixtures, vacuum Chuck’s.

A straight wheel is mounted on the horizontal spindle

of the grinder. Transverse grinding occurs as the
table reciprocates. Longitudinally and feels latterly
after each stroke. In plunge grinding the wheel is
moved radially into the workpiece as it is when
grinding a groove.
Cylindrical Grinding Operation
The rotating cylindrical workpiece reciprocates
laterally along its axis in a grinder used for the large
and long workpieces. The grinding wheel
reciprocates called a roll grinder cylindrical grinders
are identified by the maximum diameter and length
of the workpiece that can be ground similar to engine
lathes.
In universal grinders, both the workpiece and the
wheel axes can be moved and swiveled around a
horizontal plane permitting the grinding of tapers and
other shapes. These typical applications include
crankshaft bearing spindles pins, bearing rings, and
rolls for rolling mills.
Thread Grinding Operation

It is done on cylindrical grinders with specially

dressed wheels matching the shape of the
thread as well as using a centerless grinder.
Although costly thread produced by grinding is
the most accurate of any manufacturing
process and has a very fine surface finish.
Centerless Grinding Operation
In centerless grinding, the workpiece is held
between two wheels, rotating in the same direction
at different speeds, and a workholding platform.
One wheel, known as the grinding wheel, is on a
fixed axis and rotates such that the force applied to
the workpiece is directed downward, against the
work holding platform. This wheel usually performs
the grinding action by having a higher tangential
speed than the workpiece at the point of contact.
The other wheel, known as the regulating wheel, is
movable. This wheel is positioned to apply lateral
pressure to the workpiece and usually has either a
very rough or rubber-bonded abrasive to trap the
workpiece.
Form Grinding operation

Form Grinding, sometimes called

non-generating grinding, is a
specialized type of cylindrical
grinding where the grinding wheel is
the exact shape of the final product.
A specialized form is added to the
face of a grinding wheel and then
imparted onto the workpiece during
grinding.
Internal Grinding Operation
In an internal grinding, a small wheel is used to
grind the inside diameter of the part, such as
bushings and bearing races. The workpiece is held
in a Rotating Chuck. The headstock of internal
grinders can be swiveled on a horizontal plane to
grind tapered holes.

Internal grinding is also called Naiken, using an

internal grinding machine or a cylindrical grinding
machine, or internal grinding equipment attached to
a universal grinding machine. The workpiece is
fixed and the inner surface of the workpiece is
machined with the rotating axle wheel.
External Grinding Operation

In an external grinding, a small wheel is used to

grind the outside diameter of the part, such as
bushings and bearing races. The workpiece is
held in a Rotating Chuck.

External cylindrical grinding is one of the most

common grinding processes and is mainly used
for grinding rotationally symmetrical workpieces.
It differs in the type of workpiece clamping and
feed directions: Peripheral-cross grinding
between centers (plunge grinding)
Types of Grinding
Machine
ACCORDING TO THE ACCURACY OF THE WORK TO BE DONE ON A GRINDING MACHINE, THEY ARE CLASSIFIED AS

Rough grinding machines

Precision grinding machines

Rough grinding machines
The rough grinding machines are used to
remove stock with no reference to the
accuracy of results. The excess metal present
on the cast parts and welded joints are
removed by rough grinders.

The main types of rough grinders are:

Hand grinding machine
Bench grinding machine
Floor stands grinding machine
Flexible shaft grinding machine
Swing frame grinding machine
Abrasive belt grinding machine
Precision grinding machines
Precision grinders are used to finish parts to
very accurate dimensions.

The main types of precision grinders are:

Cylindrical grinding machines
Internal grinding machines
Surface grinding machines
Tool and cutter grinding machines
Special grinding machines
Classification of
Grinding Machine
Bench grinding machine Center less grinding machine

Surface grinding machine Internal grinding machine

Cylindrical grinding machine

Bench Grinding Machine

A bench grinder is a benchtop type of

grinding machine used to drive
abrasive wheels. A pedestal grinder is
a similar or larger version of grinder
that is mounted on a pedestal, which
may be bolted to the floor or may sit
on rubber feet. These types of
grinders are commonly used to hand
grind various cutting tools and
perform other rough grinding.
SwingFrame Grinder

Swing-frame grinder can be simply

explained as any power-driven
rotatable grinding, polishing, or
buffing wheel mounted in such a
manner that the wheel with its
supporting framework can be
manipulated over stationary objects.
Abrasive Grinder

The abrasive grinder is a

similar type of these grinders
but the main difference is here
abrasive is used while cutting
and finishing the job. This is
more costly than the floor and
portable grinder.
 Portable Grinder

An angle grinder, also known as portable

grinder, is a handheld power tool used
for grinding and polishing. Although
developed originally as tools for rigid
abrasive discs, the availability of an
interchangeable power source has
encouraged their use with a wide variety
of cutters and attachments.
It can be powered by an electric motor
or compressed air. The motor drives a
geared head at a right-angle on which is
mounted an abrasive disc or a thinner
cut-off disc, which can be replaced.
 Surface Grinding
Machine

Surface grinding is done on flat

surfaces to produce a smooth
finish.It is a widely used abrasive
machining process in which a
spinning wheel covered in rough
particles (grinding wheel) cuts chips
of metallic or nonmetallic substance
from a workpiece, making a face of it
flat or smooth.
 Cylindrical grinding
machine

Cylindrical grinders are generally used to

grind external surfaces like cylinders,
taper cylinders, faces and shoulders of
work.

There are two types of cylindrical grinding

machines and they are
External cylindrical grinding machines
Internal cylindrical grinding machines
Tool & Cutter Grinders

A tool and cutter grinder makes use of a

CNC machine tool with up to 5 axes and
multiple grinding wheels.
These devices are used for sharpening
and producing milling cutters such as
drills, endmills, and step tools. It is also
widely used for producing the tools
needed in the woodworking and metal
cutting industries.
 Centerless Grinding
Machine

Centerless grinding machien is used

in abrasive cutting to remove
material from a workpiece. Centerless
grinding differs from centered
grinding operations in that no spindle
or fixture is used to locate and secure
the workpiece; the workpiece is
secured between two rotary grinding
wheels, and the speed of their
rotation relative to each other
determines the rate at which material
is removed from the workpiece.
 Internal Grinding
Machine

Internal grinder is a special type of

grinding machine, designed for
grinding the internal diameter of
the work piece. Although in most
grinding details, internal grinding is
almost the same as cylindrical
grinding for grinding the internal
diameter, there are some key
differences between the two.