]-d-h-® ap-ln-bn±o³-Ip-«n ap-Én-bmÀ:ssh-Úm\

n-I {]-k-c-W-¯n-\m-bn Po-hn-Xw k-aÀ-]n-¨ ]-

ÞnX³
tIcf P\X¡v A£c Nnd-IpIÄ Xpd¶p sImSp¡p¶Xn CÉman-I hn-Úm-\o-b-¯n-sâ {]-k-c-W-¯nÂ
G-sd ]-¦v h-ln-¨ ]-Þn-X-\m-Wv ]-d-h-® ap-lyn-²o³ Ip-«n ap-Én-bmÀ. tI-cfo-b ap-Énw-IÄ Zo-\
n ssh-Úm\n-I ta-J-e-bnepw a-äpw ]n-t¶m-¡ A-\p-`-hn-¨n-cp-¶-h-cm-bn-cp-¶p.A-hÀ-¡v A-dn-
hn-sâ hm-Xn Xp-d-¶p-sIm-Sp-¯p km-aq-ln-I-]-cam-b ap-t¶-ä-¯n-\p Xn-cn-sIm-fp-¯n-b ]-d-
h-® ap-lyn-²o³ Ip-«n ap-Én-bmÀ k-a-kv-X-bp-sS c-ma-s¯ sk-{I«dn Iq-Sn-
bmWv.]ÞnX³,hmÜn,Fgp¯pImc³,hnZy`ymk Nn´I³ XpS§nb \neIfn XtâXmb CSw kaql¯nÂ
{]Xn^en¸n¨ AXpey {]Xn`bmbncp¶p._m-J-hn-bmbn tIcf¯n F¯nbXpapX hnZym`ymk
kmaqlnI \thm°m\ taJebn \h\§fmb Nn´Ifpw ap-¶n-So-§-ep-am-bn-cp¶p.
AXp-sIm-p X-s¶ h-cpw X-e-apd-¡v A-dn-hn-sâ A-£-c-]-Sn-IÄ Xp-d¶p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn {]-
[m-\-]-¦p-h-ln-¨n-«p-v Úm-\-{]-k-c-W-¯n ZÀ-kv cw-Kw k-Po-h-am-bn-cp-¶ A-¡m-e-
¯n ]p-fn-¡Â, ]-d-h-®, ]-c-¸-\-§m-Sn, Xm-\qÀ Xp-S§n-b H-cp-]m-Sv Ø-e-§-fn ZÀ-kv \-
S¯n. ]T-\-Im-e-apXse Cu ta-J-e-bn {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-sf G-Io-I-cn-¡m³ A-t±-l-¯n³ km-[n-¨p. B-Zy-
am-bn km-ln-Xy-k-am-Pw cq-]o-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN-bvXp. \nc-´-cam-b ssh-Úm\n-I ssI-am-ä-
¯nepw {]-k-c-W-¯nepw XmÂ-]-cy-ap-m-bn-cp-¶ A-t²-lw kz-´w \m-«n Zo-\n hn-Úm-\-¯n-
sâ {]-kc-Ww km-[y-am-¡m³ thn 1928Â a-Z-d-k-¯p-\q-cn-¿ Øm-]n-¡p-I-bpw A-hn-sS \n-¶v A-
dn-hn-sâ tem-Iw Xp-d¶psImSp¡pI-bp-mbn. CX:]-cy-´-apÅ \n-ch-[n am-ä-§Ä-¡v Im-c-W-¡m-
c-\m-bn-cp-¶p ]-d-h-® A_-p _-joÀ sI.]n.F ap-ln-±o³-Ip-«n ap-Én-bmÀ.
]-d-h-® ap-ln-bn±o³-Ip-«n ap-Én-bmÀ:ssh-Úm\n-I {]-k-c-W-¯n-\m-bn Po-hn-Xw k-
aÀ-]n-¨ ]-ÞnX³ F¶ Cu t]-¸-dn-eq-sS A-t±-l-¯n-sâ km-aqln-I \-thm-°m-\- ta-J-e-bnse \ho-\amb
Nn-´-Ifpw {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fpw, tI-cfo-b ]-Ým-X-e-¯n hn-Zym-`ym-k ta-J-e-bnse sN-dp-XÃm-
¯ kw-`m-h-\-§Ä, a-lm-\-hÀ-IÄ sIm-v h-¶ Z-À-kv cw-Kw-¯n-se k-Po-ham-b am-ä§Ä, tI-c-f-
¯n-em-Zy-am-bn km-ln-Xy k-am-Pw cq-]o-I-cn-¨-Xpw, k-akv-X-bp-sS a-{Z-k-I-fn ]p-kv-
X-I-§Ä X-¿m-dm-¡Â, a-Z-d-k-¯p _-\m-¯v cp-]o-I-cWw, k-a-kvX-¡v Io-gn a-e-bm-f-
¯nepw A-d-_n-a-e-bm-f-¯nepw amkn-I {]-k-²o-I-c-Ww, C-Ém-lp D-eqw A-d-_n-Iv tIm-tf-
Pv cq-]o-Ic-Ww Xp-S-§n-b taJ-e-bn-se ]T-\-am-Wv D-t²-in-¡p-¶Xv.
ssh-Úm\n-I ta-J-e-bn-se ap-t¶-ä-§Ä A-`w-Kp-cw Xp-S-cp-¶ Ime-¯v Im-e-§Ä-¡v ap-t¼ C¯-cw
am-ä-§Ä-¡v t\-XrXzw \ÂIn-b ]-Þn-X-s\-¶ \ne¡v ]-d-h-® ap-lyn-²o³ Ip«n ap-Én-bm-cpsS ssh-
Úm\n-I kw-`m-h-\-IÄ {]-Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶ ]T-\-¯n-\p G-sd {]-k-àn-bpv.

djm-Zv ]n-Sn X-d-bn-«mÂ

\-lv-PpÀ-d-im-Zv C-Ém-an-Iv tIm-tf-Pv Un{Kn H¶mw hÀ-j hn-ZymÀ-°n
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