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Globalization

globalization

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WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
• Since the early 19th century, globalization has
been a “buzzword” throughout the world, though
the term itself has been popularized only
through former Harvard Business School Professor
Theodore Levitt’s article entitled “The
Globalization of Markets.”

WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
• Globalization refers to the existence of free exchange goods,
services, culture, and even people, between and among
countries. Under the banner of globalization, countries have
discarded taxes on imported goods (tariffs) and opened their
doors to highly skilled workers and professionals. Through
globalization, people became more interested in travel,
learning new languages, and immersing themselves in new
cultures and lifestyles.

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▪ On the first decade of the 21st century,

some scholars argued that globalization
is a process. However, on the other, it
is a condition and for some, it is
described as an ideology. Central to the
study of the contemporary world is the
concept of globalization. The following
are the underlying definitions of
UNDERLYING globalization.
DEFENITION OF ▪ Freedmen (2003) theorizes
globalization denotes a range of
that

GLOBALIZATION processes nesting under one rather

difficult description. Its conceptual
difficulty to handle or control partly
arises from the fact that global flows
occur in different physical and mental
dimensions.
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• Arjun Appadurai (1996) proposes that different

kinds of globalization occur on multiple and
intersecting dimensions of integration that he
• Ethnoscape- refers to the global calls “scapes”. These five scapes are;
movement of the people
• Mediascape- flow of culture o
• Technoscape- refers to the
circulation of mechanical goods
and software
• Financescape- denotes the
global circulation of money
• Ideoscape- the realm where
political ideas move around

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• For the Political Scientists,

globalization refers to challenges
to the nation-state, strength of
regional blocs, and development of
global political standards.

o Free Trade- is a policy followed by some

UNDERLYING international markets in which
DEFENITION OF o Global Economic Organizations such as
IMF, WTO, World Bank, OECD, World
GLOBALIZATION Economic Forum, G20, ILO, UNCTAD,
APEC, G7, BRICS, ECOSOC, G8, Bank for
International, OPEC
o Regional Trade Blocs such as EU, EFTA,
NAFTA, MERCORSUR,AFTA, COMESA, SAFTA,
Pacific Alliance, TPP

• For the scholar of culture and communication,

globalization is the creation of global village
due to technological revolutions,
communications technology as shrinking our
world, and cultural imperialism
• Manfred Steger- “Globalization is the expansion
and intensification of social relations and
consciousness across world-time and world-
space.”
Expansion- refers to “both the creation of new
social networks and the multiplication
of existing connections that cut across
traditional political, economic, cultural
and geographic boundaries.
Intensification- refers to the expansion,
stretching, and acceleration of these
networks

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However, globalization is different

from globalism, which points to our
aspirations for an end state of
affairs, values shared by all the
people in the world and their
environment, and roles as citizens,
consumers, and producers that can
answer common problems. Not it is
universalism, values that hugs all
humanity. Meanwhile, Steger (20025)
uses the term globality to mean
globalization as a condition.
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Competing Conceptions of Globalization

There are manifold concepts, perspectives, and ideas about

globalization. Many scholars gave and tried to formulate the
definition of globalization. This resulted in different, sometimes
contradicting, views about the concept

a b
•Manfred Steger remarks
that since its earliest
appearance in the 1960s, the
term ‘globalization’ has been
used in both popular and
academic literature to
describe a process, a
condition, a system, a force,
and an age. (Steger, 2003)
•Thomas Larsson, a Swedish
journalist saw globalization as
positive phenomenon and define it
as “the process of world shrinkage,
of distances getting shorter, things
moving closer. It pertains to the
increasing ease with which
somebody on one side of the world
can interact to mutual benefit with
somebody the other side of the
world. (Larsson, 2001).
c
Some scholars consider it as a
process, a condition, or an ideology.
Experts from different fields of social
sciences also define globalization
based on their expertise. But a working
definition has to encompass all
definitions of and notions about
globalization. Steger’s definition, for
the purpose of this module, is the most
unbiased working definition

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EFFECTS OF
GLOBALIZATION

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EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

Globalization has led

to increase in
competition

Globalization causes exchange of

technology. Globalization helps in
knowledge and information transfer
across the globe

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EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

Globalization has led to

vast Multinational and
multicultural management

Globalization has led to

increase in investment levels
and rise in opportunities.

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EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

Globalization leads to Procurement

& Outsourcing. Accenture provides
Procurement & Outsourcing
services includes sourcing, demand
management, invoice processing,
travel and expense processing,
contract administration and many
more.

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ADVANTAGES OF GLOBALIZATION

Cheaper Goods For Consumers and

Better Product Quality: increase In Skilled Workers:
Increased competitiveness may also lead to Increased international labor mobility has led to
decline in the price of goods, improvements in an increase in skilled workers
quality of goods and choice of goods

Lower Cost of
production: Improvement In Education:
The spread of the internet has helped to improve
education.
Nike shoes are made in Vietnam due to lower
cost of production

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ADVANTAGES OF GLOBALIZATION

Cultural Diversity: Poverty Reduction:

Increased movement of labor leads to an GDP of the developing countries has increased
increase in the spread of different cultural ideas. twice as much as before

Transportation:
Globalization has led to tremendous increase in
transport services across the globe.

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disadvantages OF GLOBALIZATION

increased Commodity Price: Exploitation Of Cheap Labor:

Prices then and now have increase tremendously. Workers working day and night to produce goods
for very little money.

Increased Relative Poverty and

Cause Of Diseases: Inequality:

It is the cause of very serious health problems Increased Relative Poverty and Inequality:
all over the globe

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disadvantages OF GLOBALIZATION

Replacing Increased
Vulnerability And
Instability: Disparity:
The international Coffee chains are causing a The Economic system that has generated
serious threat to local coffee shops.. tremendous wealth disparity that really seems
unfair.

Uneven Wealth The local players suffer huge losses as they lack
Distribution: the potential to advertise or export their products
on a large scale.
The rich are getting richer and the poor are Therefore the domestic markets shrink. People are
getting poorer. ready to shell out extra money for a product that
may be available at a lower price. This is because
of the modern marketing techniques like
advertising and branding

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St. Benedict of Nursia
“Father of Western monasticism”
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“Laborare Est
Orare”
to work is to pray
Always pray at all times.
Put everything to God, all your
hard work even your shortcomings
in life.
Because there is no reason to get
mad or sad, HE is the source of all
through our Mother Mary. - @ipf_14
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