Solution

XII PRE OBT CAPACITANCE

JEE main - Physics

Section A
1. (c) the velocity of the electron will decrease

Explanation: The electric field applies a force on the electron in the direction opposite to its motion.
q
2. (c) 6ε0

Explanation:

The given square of side L may be considered as one of the faces of a cube with edge L. Then given charge q will be
considered to be placed at the centre of this cube. Then according to Gauss’s theorem, the magnitude of the electric flux
through the six faces of the cube is given by:

q
ϕ =
ε0

Hence, electric flux through one face of the cube (or through the given square) will be,

ϕ q
′
ϕ = =
6 6ε0

3. (c) x = 0.775 m

Explanation:

Let the charge (- q) be placed at a distance x from + 6 μC.

As the resultant force on (- q) is zero.

−6 −6
(−q) × 6 × 10 (−q) × 15 × 10
∴  
2
=
2

4π ε0  × x 4π ε0  × (2−x )

√5
6

2
=
15

2
 or  1

x
= ±

x (2 − x) √2(2 − x)

On solving, we get

x = 0.775 m or x = 3.44 m
−
ρ
−
4. (b) √ 2σ
0

Explanation: For solid sphere of radius R1,

R1 R1

q1 =  ∫ 4π r2dr ρ  =  ∫

ρ
4πr dr
2 0

0 0
2
R

q1 = 4π 1

2
ρ0  and q2 = -4πR 2
2
σ

2
R

Now, q1 + q2 = 0 or 4π 2
1
ρ0  -  4πR 2
2
 = 0

2 −−
R1 2σ R2 ρ0
(
R2
) =
ρ
 or  R1
= √
2σ
0

5. (b) Ex = Ez < Ey 

Explanation: Ex = Ez < Ey 

6. (a) 10 V/m

Explanation: Electric field will remain same as charge density σ remains same (E = σ

ε0
).

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 q
7. (d) 6ε0

Explanation:

The given square of side L may be considered as one of the faces of a cube with edge L. Then given charge q will be
considered to be placed at the centre of this cube. Then according to Gauss’s theorem, the magnitude of the electric flux
through the six faces of the cube is given by:

q
ϕ =
ε0

Hence, electric flux through one face of the cube (or through the given square) will be,

ϕ q
′
ϕ = =
6 6ε0

8. (d) 29.4 × 10-8 NC-1

Explanation: Given that,

m = 4.8 ×  10-27 kg

e = 1.6 ×  10-19 C

g = 9.8 ms-2

mg
∵  E = 

F
=
q e
−27

=
4.8× 10 ×9.8

−19

1.6×10

= 29.4 × 10-8 NC-1

9. (d) zero

→
Explanation: Electric flux, ϕ = ∫ E⃗ ⋅ ds = ∫  ds cos θ
E

= ∫  E ds cos 90° = 0

The lines of force are parallel to the surface.

10. (c) remains unchanged

q1 q3
Explanation: The force will still remain  2
according to the superposition principle.
4πε0 r

11. (a) 2 × 10-3 C

Explanation: Given that,

∵ τ  = pE sinθ

∴  6 = p ×  2 ×  105 ×  sin30o

⇒  p = 6 ×  10-5 Cm

p
∵  q = 
l
−5
6×10
∴  q =  0.03

= 2 × 10-3 C
12. (a) a

2√2

Explanation:

′
q q
F= 4πε0
1

a2
(r2  +  )
4

′
2q q
Fresultant = 2F sin θ =  1

4πε0
r

1/2

a2
2
(r  +  ) 2 a2
(r  +  )
4
4

′
2qq r
=  1

4πε0 3/2

a2
2
(r  +  )
4

dFre sultant 
For force to be maximum  dr
 = 0

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 ′ ′
dFre sultant  2qq 2qq r

dr
 =  4πε0
1

3/2
−
3

2 5/2
 = 0

a2 a2
(r2 , +  ) 4πε0 (r2  +  )
4 4

 or r2 + 
2 2 2
3r 3r a
1 -  2
 = 0 or 1 =  a2 4
= 3r
2

2 a 2
(r  +  ) r  + 
4 4

2r
2
=
a

4
 or r =  a

2√2

13. (b) 198 N

Explanation: Let two charges are q1 and q2 and r is the distance between them.

Then, electrical force,

q1 q2
F =   = 200 N ...(i)

4πε0 r2

If q1 is increased by 10% then

q
1
′
=
110

100
q1

and q2 is decreased by 10%, then

q
2
′
=
90

100
q2

Then, electrical force between them

′ ′
q q

F
′
=
4πε0
1 1

2
2

r
110 90
q  ×  q
1 2

or F ′
=
1

4πε0
100

2
100

r
q1 q2
or F ′
=
1

4πε0 2
×
99

100
 ...(ii)

From eqns. (i), (ii)

99
F
′
= 200 ×
100

or F  = 198 N′

14. (b) 18 ×  10-26 N-m

Explanation: 18 ×  10-26 N-m

15. (a) 2 ×  10-18 and 2 ×  1012

Explanation: Here, q = -3 ×  10-7 C

charge on one electron, e = -1.6 ×  10-19 C

∴  Number of electrons transferred to the conductor is,

−7

 = 2 ×  1012

q −3 × 10 C
n =  e
=
−19
−1.6 × 10 C

Mass of one electron, me = 9.1 ×  10-31 kg

Mass increase of the conductor

= me ×  n

= 9.1 ×  10-31 ×  2 ×  1012 = 2 ×  10-18

−
−−
16. (b) √1.5v

Q Q Q
Explanation: Vs =  4πε0
1

R
= K
R
 and VC =  3

2
VS =
3

2
K
R

Let m and - q be the mass and the charge of the particle respectively. Let v0 be the speed of the particle at the centre of the
sphere,

mv2 = -q[V∞ - VS] = qK

Q
1

2 R

mv2 = -q[V∞ - VS] = q

Q
1

2
3

2
K
R

2
v

Dividing  0
=
3
 = 1.5

v2 2
−
−−
or v0 =  √1.5 v

17. (a) r1 < r < r2

Explanation: The electric field of a hollow spherical capacitor is localized in between the inner and outer surfaces of the
spherical conductor. Therefore, at point r1 < r < r2, the electric field will not be zero.

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 3
ρ0 R
18. (b) 2

12ε0 r

Explanation: Charge density, ρ = ρ 0 (1 −

r

R
)

dq = ρ dv

q = ∫  dq = ρ dv

= ρ0 (1 −
R
r
)  4π r2dr2dr (∵ dv = 4π r2dr)

R R
2

= 4πρ0 ∫ (1 −
R
r 2
) r dr = 4πρ0 ∫ r dr −
2 r

R
dr

0 0

3 R 4 R 3 4
R R
= 4πρ0 [[
r

3
] − [
r

4R
] ] = 4πρ0 [
3
−
4R
]

0 0

3 3 3
R R R
= 4πρ0 [
3
−
4
] = 4πρ0 [
12
]

3
πρ0 R
q =  3

3
πρ R
E.4πr
2
= (
3ϵ0
0
)

3
ρ R
∴  The electric field outside the ball, E =  0

12ϵ0 r2

19. (d) zero

Explanation: Charge will be induced in the conducting sphere, but net charge on it will be zero.
20. (b) Top, down, top, down

Explanation:
The figure shows the path of a +ve charged particle (1) through a rectangular region of the uniform electric field.

Since +ve charged particle moves as a parabolic path in the electric field, it means the direction of the electric field is upward.
The direction of the deflection of the particle (2) which is - ve is downward. The direction of deflection of the particle (3)
which is +ve is upward and the direction of deflection of the particle (4) is downward.
21. (c) 4πε Aa
0
3

Explanation: Net electric flux emitted from a spherical surface of radius a is:

qin
ϕnet 
=  [According to Gauss's law]

ε0
qin
or ES = (Aa) (4πa 2
)=
ε0
 

Hence q in = 4πε0 Aa
3

22. (a) F

Explanation: According to Coulomb's law 

(e)(e)
F =  4πE0
1
⋅
2
 

(e)(e)
F1 =  4πE0
1
⋅
2
 

Charge on proton is equal to charge on electron and charge on singly Ionized atom separated by distance ′2r′.

1 (eλc)
F2 =  4πE0
⋅
2
 

(2r)

=  1

4πE0
⋅
e

2
 

4r

F1 F
=
F2 4

23. (c) -Q, +Q, 0

Explanation: The solid conductor with a cavity is shown in the figure. The inner surface of cavity will have charge - Q due to
induction.

At outer surface, the charge will be + Q and at a point P at a position r (a < r < R) charge will be zero.

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24. (c) 1.5 ×  1019 m/sec2

Explanation: The acceleration of the electron due to given coulombic force F is,

ae =   ...(i)

me
F

where m e is the mass of the electron.

The acceleration of the proton due to same force F is,

ap =   ...(ii)

mp
F

where mp is the mass of the proton.

Dividing eqn. (ii) by eqn. (i), we get

ap me

ae
=
mp

ae me
∴ ap =
mp

22 −2 −31
(2.5, × 10 ms )(9.1 × 10 kg)

=  −27

(1.67 × 10 kg)

= 1.5 ×  1019 m/sec2
−−−−−−
r
25. (d) v ∝ √ln( r0
)

Explanation: For a positive line charge or charged wire with uniform density λ , electric field at distance x is

E = =
2kλ

x
 ...(i)
λ

2π ε0 x
kq λ

So, force on charge q which is at a distance r0 due to this line charge is F = qE =
2

x
 ...(ii) [using Eq. (i)]

Now, work done when charge is pushed by field by a small

displacement dx is

2kqλ
dW = F ⋅ dx =
x
⋅ dx  [using Eq. (ii)]

∴  Total work done by field of wire in taking charge q from distance r0 to distance r will be

r r 2kqλ
W = ∫
r0
dW = ∫
r0 x
⋅ dx

= 2kqλ[log x]r
r
0
= 2kqλ (log r − log r0 )

= 2kqλ log∣
∣
r

r0
∣
∣
 ...(iii)

As we know, from work-kinetic energy theorem,

Kfinal - Kinitial = W

⇒
1

2
mv2 − 0 = 2kq × log∣
∣
r

r0
∣
∣
 [using Eq. (iii)]

1/2
4kqλ
⇒ v = (
m
log∣
∣
r

r0
∣)
∣

1/2
∣ r ∣
∴ v ∝ (log∣ ∣)
r0

26. (c)

Explanation: In this case, the fields due to charges at the opposite comers cancel each other.

27. (d) -4 × 103 ∈  coulomb

0

Explanation: Δϕ = 4 × 10 3
− 8 × 10
3
 

= -4 × 103  N-m2/coulomb

According to Gauss's law

q = -4 × 103 ∈  coulomb 0

28. (b) [M1L1T-3A-1]

Explanation: As we know that,

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 Electric field =   Force 

 Charge 

1 1 −2
[M  L  T ]

⇒  [E] =  1

1
[ A  T ]

= [M1L1T-3A-1]

29. (c) 1.5 ×  1019 m/sec2

Explanation: The acceleration of the electron due to given coulombic force F is,

ae =   ...(i)

me

where m e is the mass of the electron.

The acceleration of the proton due to same force F is,

ap =   ...(ii)

mp

where mp is the mass of the proton.

Dividing eqn. (ii) by eqn. (i), we get

ap me

ae
=
mp

ae me
∴ ap =
mp

22 −2 −31
(2.5, × 10 ms )(9.1 × 10 kg)
=  −27

(1.67 × 10 kg)

= 1.5 ×  1019 m/sec2
30. (b) EA > EB 

Explanation: The higher the number of electric lines of force per unit area in a particular region, the more will be the strength
of the field.
Section B
31. (a) E ∝ 1

Explanation: The electric field due to the outer plate is zero and so the electric field due to the inner cylindrical charged
conductor varies inversely as the distance from the axis.
32. (d) 120 pF

ε0 A
Explanation: By using C =  d

ε0 A
C1 =  d

= 20 pF ...(i)

ε0 A
C2 = K d

3×2ε0 A
=
d

= 6 ×  20 ...(By using (i))

= 120 pF
33. (d) distance between the plates

Explanation:
i. Depends directly on the area of plate
ii. Depends inversely on the distance between the plates
iii. Depends upon the permittivity of medium between the plates

34. (d) 4πε 0 (

c−b
bc
)

Explanation: The given system is equivalent to spherical capacitor of inner radius b and outer radius c. Hence, the capacity of
the system will be 4πε 0 (
bc

c−b
) .
3
35. (c) 2

k
=
k1 + k2 + k3
+
1

k4

Explanation:

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 K1 ϵ0 A K2 ∈0 A
C1 =
2

3 d
, C 2 =
2

3 d

2 K3 ∈0 A K4 ϵ0 ⋅A
C3 =
3 d
, C 4 = CB = 2
d

As C1, C2 and C3 are joined in parallel hence equivalent capacitance.

ϵ0 A
CA =
2

3 d
(K1 + K2 + K3 )

Now, C4 and C5 are joined in series, hence equivalent capacitance,

1 1 1

Ce q
=
CA
+
CB

3d
d

Ke q ϵ0 A
 = 2ϵ0 A
×
( K1 + K2 + K3 )
1
+
d

2K4 ϵ0 A

or,  2

Ke q
=
K1 + K2 + K3
3
+
K4
1

C1
36. (b) C2

 total charge 
Explanation: Common potential =  total capacity 

Q
∴ V =
C1 + C2

C1 Q
charge on C1 = C 1V =
C1 + C2

C2 Q
charge on C2 = C 2V =
C1 + C2

 charge on C1 C1 V C1
∴ = =
 charge on C2 C2 V C2

37. (c) 4μF, 36μF

Explanation: 4μF, 36μF

38. (c) 12μJ  and 12 V

Explanation: 12μJ  and 12 V

39. (a) (C1 + C2) V[1 - C3/(C1 + C2 + C3)]

Explanation: Equivalent capacitance of circuit,

1
= +

1 1

Ce q C3 C1 + C2

(Since C1 and C2 are in parallel and which is in series with C3).

C1 + C2 + C3
i.e..,  Ce q
1
=

C3 ( C1 + C2 )

C3 ( C1 + C2 )
∴ Ceq. =
C1 + C2 + C3

Since V is the voltage of battery, charge, q = Ceq.V

C3 ( C1 + C2 )V
=
C1 + C2 + C3

If the capacitor C3 breaks down, then effective capacitance,

Ceq. = C1+ C2

∴  New charge q' = C'eq. V = (C1 + C2)V

 Change in total charge = q' - q

C3 ( C1 + C2 )V
= (C1 + C2 ) V −
C1 + C2 + C3

C3
= (C1 + C2 ) V [1 − ]
C1 + C2 + C3

40. (c) 2.7 ×  106 Ω

Explanation:

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 In case charging of capacitor through the resistance is,

V = V0(1 - e -t/RC).

Here, V = 120 V, V0 = 200 V, R = ?

C - 2 μF and t - 5 s.

−6

∴ 120 = 200 (1 − e −5/R×2×10

)

−6 80
or e −5/R×2×10
=
200

Taking the natural logarithm on both sides, we get

−5
= ln(0.4)  = - 0.916

−6
R×2×10

or R = 2.7 ×  106 Ω
ε ε0 A
41. (b) (2ε+ ε0 )d

Explanation: As we know that,

εn
Ceq =  A

d d d
+ +
K1 K2 K3

ε
∵  K1 = K3 = 1, K2 =  ε0

ε0
∴  Ceq =  d
A

d+ +d
ε/ε
0
εε0
=
d(2ε+ ε0 )
A

42. (a) 40μC

Explanation: Both the capacitors are in series. Therefore, charge stored on them will be same

C(2C)
Net capacity = C+2C
=
2

3
C

=
2

3
× 6μF = 4μF

Potential difference = 10 V

∴  q = CV = 40μC

43. (b) 40 μF and 10 μF

Explanation: Equivalent capacitance in series combination (C') is given by

1 1 1 C1 C2

′
=
C1
+
C2
⇒ C
′
=
C1 + C2

For parallel combination equivalent capacitance

C' = C1 + C2

For parallel combination

q = 10(C1 + C2)

q1 = 500 μC

500 = 10(C1 + C2)

C1 + C2 = 50 μF ...(i)

For Series Combination-

C1 C2
q2 = 10  

( C1 + C2 )

C1 C2
80 = 10 50
 From equation ...(ii)

C1C2 = 400 ...(iii)

From equation (i) and (ii)

C1 = 10 μF, C2 = 40 μF

= 40 μF and 10 μF

44. (c) +18μC

Explanation: Applying the concept of charge conservation on isolated plates of 10 µF, 6 µF and 4 µF. Since, 6 µE and 4 µF

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 are in parallel, so total charge on this combination will be 30 µC.

∴  Charge on 6 µF, capacitor

C1
= (
C1 + C2
)q =
6+4
6
× 30 = 18μC

Since, the charge has been asked on the right plate of the capacitor. Thus, it would be + 18µC.

Alternative method

Let charge on 6 µF capacitor is qµC.

Now, V at 6µF = V at 4µF

q 30−q
∴
6μF
=
4μF
 (∵ V = q/C)

⇒  4q = - 6q + 180

⇒  q = 18µC
45. (d) zero

Explanation: Since, the capacitor plates are directly connected to the battery, it will take no time in charging.

46. (b) 36μJ, 384μ

Explanation: 36μJ, 384μ

47. (c) 1.25 J

C1 C2 2
Explanation: Loss of energy = 1

2 ( C1 + C2 )
(V1 − V2 )

−12

=
1

2
5×5×10

−6
(2000 − 1000)
2

(5+5)×10

5×5×1 5
= = = 1.25J
2×10 4

48. (c) in the field between the plates

Explanation: Energy resides in the field between the plates in a charged capacitor.
ε0 A K1 − K2
49. (c) d
(
2
)

Explanation: The given combination is equivalent to two capacitors in parallel each with plate area A/2 and separation d.

K1 ε0 (A/2) K1 ε0 A
Then, C 1 =
d
=
2d

K2 ε0 (A/2) K2 ε0 A
C2 =
d
=
2d

ε0 A K1 + K2
∴ C = C1 + C2 = ( )
d 2

50. (a) 40.5 pF

Explanation:
C1 C2
C =
C1 + C2

K1 ε0 A K2 ε0 A
where C1 =   and C2 =

d/3 2d/3

ε0 A
It is given that;  d
= 9pF

Hence, C1 = 81 pF and C2 = 81 pF

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 ∴  C = 40.5 pF

51. (c) 96 pF

Explanation: Capacity of parallel plate capacitor,

εr ε0 A
∵  C =  d
 ...(For air ε  = 1) r

 = 8 ×  10-12

ε0 A
∴
d

If d → d

2
 and ε r →  6 then new capacitance

ε0 A
C = 6 × d

ε0 A
= 12 d

= 12 ×  8

= 96 pF
52. (a) 3 : 2

2 2 2
Q Q Q
Explanation: U = 2C
, U1 =
2C1
 and U 2 =
2C2

U2 C1 ( εr )
1 3
∴ = = =
U1 C2 ( εr ) 2
2

53. (a) 8 V

Explanation: 8 V
54. (b) decrease in the potential difference across the plates and reduction in the stored energy but no change in the charge on the
plates

Explanation: If a dielectric slab of dielectric constant K is filled in between the plates of a capacitor after charging the
capacitor (i.e., after removing the connection of battery with the plates of capacitor) the potential difference between the plates
1 1
reduces to  K
 times and the potential energy of capacitor reduces to K
 times but there is no K change in the charge on the
plates.

55. (b) 0.44 ×  10-10 C2N-1 m2

Explanation: Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air is:

ε0 A
C =
d

capacitance of a same parallel plate capacitor with the introduction of a dielectric medium is C - Kε A/d 0

Where K is the dielectric constant of a medium

or  C
= K  or K =
15

3
= 5

C
εr
As K = ε0

Hence, ε r = K ε0 = 5 × 8.854 × 10
−12

= 0.4427 ×  10-10 C2N-1 m2

56. (b) 30 μF

ε0 A
Explanation: C = 10 = d

( ε0 A/2) ( ε0 A/2)
C
′
= K1
d
+ K2
d

ε0 A ε0 A
= 2( ) + 4( )

2d 2d

ε0 A
= 3( ) = 3 × 10 = 30μF
d

57. (c) decrease

Explanation: decrease
58. (a) 4

ϵ0 A Kε0 A
Explanation: C = d
= 1pF  and C ′
=
2d
= 2pF  

∴  K = 4

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59. (c) 12

Explanation: Let dielectric constant of material used be K.

k1 ∈0 A1 k2 ∈0 A2 k3 ∈0 A3 k∈0 A

d
+
d
+
d
=
d

A A A
10ε0 12ε0 14ε0
Kε0  A
or 

3 3 3
+ + =
d d  d d
ε0 A Kε0 A
(
10

3
+
12

3
+
14

3
) =

d d

∴  K = 12
60. (c) first flows from B to A and then from A to B

Explanation: Initially the capacity of the capacitor increases and then decreases. So, positive charge on plate A first increases
and then decreases, i.e., current in the outer circuit first flows from B to A and then from A to B.

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