LAB –IONIC AND COVALENT BONDS

PRESENTOR – IHFAZ MOHAMMAD NOOR

BRAEMAR COLLEGE,
GRADE 11 CHEMISTRY,SCH3U1.
MS.KEMPSTERR.

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IONIC BONDS:
Ionic and Covalent Bonds
Introduction
Atoms are the building blocks of matter, and they
combine with each other to form compounds. The bonds
that hold atoms together in a compound can be either
ionic or covalent. In this presentation, we will explore the
properties, formation, examples, and differences
between these two types of chemical bonds.
Ionic Bonds
Ionic bonds are formed between metals and nonmetals.
In an ionic bond, one atom gives up an electron to
another atom, resulting in the formation of ions. The
positively charged ion is called a cation, and the
negatively charged ion is called an anion. The opposite
charges of the ions attract each other and form a bond.
Properties of Ionic Bonds
 High melting and boiling points
 Soluble in water
 Conduct electricity when dissolved in water or
melted
 Hard and brittle 2

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Formation of Ionic Bonds
Ionic bonds are formed through the transfer of electrons
from one atom to another. For example, the reaction
between sodium and chlorine atoms:
Na + Cl -> Na+ + Cl-
Examples of Ionic Bonds
 Sodium chloride (NaCl)
 Calcium chloride (CaCl2)
 Magnesium oxide (MgO)

COVALENT BONDS:

Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds are formed between nonmetals. In a
covalent bond, atoms share electrons to fill their
outermost shells. This type of bond is often found in
molecules.
Properties of Covalent Bonds
 Low melting and boiling points
 Insoluble in water
 Poor conductors of electricity 3
 Soft and flexible
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Formation of Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds are formed through the sharing of
electrons between atoms. For example, the covalent
bond between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water:
H2O -> H-O-H
Examples of Covalent Bonds
 Water (H2O)
 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
 Methane (CH4).

Based on the data collected in the laboratories today,

the type of solid can be identified as either ionic or
covalent. Ionic compounds generally have high melting
and boiling points, dissolve easily in water, and are
good conductors of electricity. Covalent compounds, on
the other hand, have low melting and boiling points, are
insoluble in water, and are poor conductors of
electricity. Analyzing the properties of laboratory
samples can determine whether they are ionic or
covalent solids. If I were to do this experiment again, I
would make some changes to ensure more accurate
results. First, I would increase the sample size to reduce

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the risk of error. Second, I would use a more accurate
instrument to measure the properties of the sample.
Finally, I will include a larger sample to give a more
comprehensive picture of ionic and covalent solids. An
example of a practical application based on the content
of this lab is the development of new materials with
special properties. By understanding the differences
between ionic and covalent solids, I can design
materials with desired melting and boiling points,
electrical conductivity, and solubility. This knowledge
can be applied to industries such as electronics,
construction and pharmaceuticals to create more
efficient and effective products.