S I M P L E M O D E (AUX. TO DO) PROGRESSIVE M O D E (AUX. TO BE) PERFECT M O D E (AUX.

TO HAVE)
SIMPLE PRESENT PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PRESENT PERFECT
SUBJECT VERB PREDICATE SUBJECT Vaux TO HAVE VERB (pp) PREDICATE
SUBJECT Vaux TO BE VERB+ing PREDICATE
SHE STUDIES ENGLISH SHE HAS STUDIED ENGLISH
SUBJECT Vaux + neg VERB PREDICATE SHE IS STUDYING ENGLISH SUBJECT Vaux + neg VERB (pp) PREDICATE
SHE DOESN’T STUDY FRENCH SHE HASN’T STUDIED FRENCH
SUBJECT Vaux + neg VERB+ing PREDICATE
WH Vaux SUBJECT VERB PREDICATE WH Vaux SUBJECT VERB (pp) PREDICATE
WHERE DOES SHE STUDY ENGLISH? SHE ISN’T STUDYING FRENCH WHERE HAS SHE STUDIED ENGLISH?
SIMPLE PAST WH Vaux SUBJECT VERB+ing PREDICATE PAST PERFECT
SUBJECT VERB (past tense) PREDICATE SUBJECT Vaux (past ) VERB (pp) PREDICATE
THEY LEARNED WELL WHERE IS SHE STUDYING ENGLISH? THEY HAD LEARNED WELL
SUBJECT Vaux (past) + neg VERB PREDICATE SUBJECT Vaux (past)+neg VERB(pp) PREDICATE
PAST PROGRESSIVE/ CONTINUOUS
JOHN DIDN’T SOLVE A BIG PROBLEM JOHN HADN’T SOLVED A BIG PROBLEM
WH Vaux SUBJECT VERB PREDICATE SUBJECT Vaux (past ) VERB+ing PREDICATE WH Vaux SUBJECT VERB (pp) PREDICATE
WHY DID SHE COME LATE? THEY WERE LEARNING WELL WHY HAD SHE COME LATE?
SIMPLE FUTURE WITH “GOING TO” FUTURE PERFECT
SUBJECT Vaux Going to VERB PREDICATE SUBJECT Vaux (past)+neg VERB+ing PREDICATE SUBJECT Aux.fut HAVE VERB (pp) PREDICATE
SHE IS GOING TO STUDY ENGLISH .
JOHN WASN’T SOLVING A BIG PROBLEM
SUBJECT Vaux+neg Going to VERB PREDICATE SHE WILL HAVE STUDIED ENGLISH
SHE ISN’T GOING TO STUDY FRENCH WH Vaux SUBJECT VERB+ing PREDICATE SUBJECT Aux.fut.+neg HAVE VERB(pp) PREDICATE
WH Vaux SUBJECT Going to VERB PREDICATE WHY WAS SHE COMING LATE? SHE WON’T HAVE STUDIED FRENCH
WHERE IS SHE GOING TO STUDY ENGLISH? WH Aux.fut. SUBJECT HAV VERB(pp) PREDICATE
SIMPLE FUTURE WITH “WILL” FUTURE CONTINUOUS WITH “WILL” E
SUBJECT Aux. fut. VERB PREDICATE WHERE WILL SHE HAVE STUDIED ENGLISH?
SUBJECT Aux.fut. BE VERB+ing PREDICATE
THEY WILL LEARN WELL
SUBJECT Aux. fut + neg VERB PREDICATE SHE WILL BE STUDYING ENGLISH USE OF MODALS/ MODIFIERS
JOHN WON’T HAVE A BIG PROBLEM SUBJECT Mod. VERB PREDICATE
SUBJECT Aux.fut.+neg BE VERB+ing PREDICATE
WH aux. fut. SUBJECT VERB PREDICATE SHE SHOULD STUDY ENGLISH
SHE WON’T BE STUDYING FRENCH SUBJECT Mod.+neg VERB PREDICATE
WHY WILL SHE COME LATE?
WH Aux.fut. SUBJECT BE VERB+ing PREDICATE SHE COULDN’T STUDY FRENCH
THIRD PERSON RULE WH Mod. SUBJEC VERB PREDICATE
WHERE WILL SHE BE STUDYING ENGLISH? T
Ending Action Example
WHERE CAN SHE STUDY ENGLISH?
x, s, ch, sh, z Add _es Teach – teaches
Consonant Substitute the y with Study – studies
COMMON MODALS:
+y an i, and add _es
GOING TO, WILL, SHALL-FUTURO
All others Add _s Play – plays
CAN, MAY-PODER WANT TO - QUERER
EXCEPTIONS: BE – IS;GO – GOES;DO – DOES;HAVE- HAS
COULD, MIGHT, WOULD – PODRIA (potential)
SHOULD, OUGHT TO – DEBERIA (advice)
HAVE TO, MUST – OBLIGACION NEED TO - NECESIDAD