E-Workbook Initial ERA

CERTIFICATION PROGRAM
ERGONOMIC TRAINED PERSON (ETP)
INITIAL
ERGONOMIC RISK ASSESSMENT (ERA)
www.ergoventure.com.my
Ergonomics Train Person (ETP) – Level 1
Course Schedule
Time Event
Day 1
08:45 Registration
09:00 Introduction & Program Outline
MODULE 1: CURRENT, TRENDS & ISSUES IN ERGONOMICS
QUIZ / INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
10:30 Tea Break
11:00 MODULE 2: PLANNING & CONDUCTING ERGONOMIC RISK ASSESSMENT (ERA)
MODULE 3: INITIAL ERA - MUSCULOSKELETAL ASSESSMENT
13:00 End of the Day 1
2
Course Schedule
Time Event
Day 2
08:45 Registration
09:00 MODULE 4: INITIAL ERA - ERGONOMICS RISK FACTORS (ERFs) ASSESSMENT
10:30 Tea Break

11:00 MODULE 4: INITIAL ERA - ERGONOMICS RISK FACTORS (ERFs) ASSESSMENT
12:00 MODULE 5: HIERARCHY OF CONTROL BASED ON ERGONOMICS APPROACH
13:00 End of the Day 2
Course Schedule
Time Event
Day 3
08:45 Registration
09:00 MODULE 6: REPORT WRITING & PRACTICAL SESSION ON INITIAL ERA
10:30 Tea Break

11:00 MODULE 6: REPORT WRITING & PRACTICAL SESSION ON INITIAL ERA
11:30 OVERVIEW OF ADVANCED ERA & CONCLUSION
12:00 WRITTEN EXAMINATION (1 HOUR) – 30 MARKS
13:00 End of program
NOTES: EACH OF PARTICIPANTS ARE REQUIRED TO SUBMIT THE WORKPLACE ASSIGNMENT (WA) REPORT
– 70 MARKS; BEFORE OR ON 7 DAYS (1 WEEK) AFTER COMPLETION OF THE COURSE. 4
FLOW CHART OF REGISTRATION FOR ERGONOMIC TRAINED
PERSON (ETP) FOR INITIAL / ADVANCED ERA AT DOSH WEBSITE
A trained person is someone

who has undergone
ergonomics risk assessment
training and is able to conduct
the assessment and/or in-
house training for the
employees of the organization
(Guidelines On Ergonomics Risk Assessment

at Workplace 2017)
If failed for Written Examination (WE) OR/AND

Workplace Assignment (WA), participants are
allowed to re-attend Written Examination (WE)
OR/AND re-submit Workplace Assignment
(WA) for three (3) times after attending course
within 6 months. In case, if participants failed
for three (3) times after attending course, it
COMPULSARY for participants to re-attend the
course
Ergonomic Trained Person (ETP)

ETP for Initial ERA (Level 1) ETP for Advanced ERA (Level 2)
Therefore, all the participant will have chance to enlisted at Recognized List of Ergonomics Trained
Person (ETP) at DOSH Website subject to PASS the written examination (WE) and workplace assignment
(WA) after attending the course program conducted by ErgoVenture
SOURCE:
https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/recognized-list/recognized-list-sub/ergonomic-trained-
person/initial-ergonomics-risk-assessment
DOSH Approved Training Provider
https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/recognized-list/recognized-list-sub/ergonomic-trained- Ergonomics Management Course
person/advanced-ergonomics-risk-assessment (JKKP HIE 127/171-11)
6
Initial ERA (Level 1)
(3 days) - ONLINE
Advanced ERA (Level 2)
SERIES 1: POSTURE, FORCEFUL & REPETITION ASSESSMENT (3 days) (4 days) - ONLINE

SERIES 2: OFFICE & WORKSTATION ASSESSMENT (2 days) (3 days) - ONLINE
SERIES 3: LIGHTING ASSESSMENT (2 days) COMING SOON
SERIES 4: HEAT STRESS ASSESSMENT (2 days) COMING SOON 8
Course Objectives
At the end of this course program (3 days), participants should
be able:
To explain the purpose, objective, scope and application

1 for DOSH Guideline on ERA at Workplace 2017
To correctly fill in and manage self-assessment form

(Appendix 1), complaint form (Appendix 2), Cornell
2 Musculoskeletal Questionnaires (CMQ) & DOSH
Initial Ergonomics Risk Assessment (ERA) Checklist
To propose the appropriate control measures towards

3 risk reduction based on DOSH Guideline on ERA at
Workplace 2017
MODULE 1: CURRENT, TRENDS & ISSUES OF

ERGONOMICS
Introduction to Physical Ergonomics
Ergonomics Risk Factors (ERFs)
10 Principles of Ergonomics
Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) due to exposure to ERFs
Sign and symptoms of ergonomics-related injuries and MSDs
Risk of Injuries (Duration, Frequency & Magnitude)
Provision of Safety & Health Act on Ergonomics
10
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module, the participants should be able:
To explain the definition, benefits & categories of

1 ergonomics and manual handling
To relate the ergonomics issues (sign, symptoms

2 and factors) contribute to Musculoskeletal
Disorders (MSDs)
To list out types of Ergonomics Risk Factors (ERFs) at

3 workplace
11
What is the Ergonomics?

Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline
concerned with the understanding of interactions among
humans and other elements of a system
International Ergonomics Association (IEA)
Derived from the Greek

q ergon (work) and
q nomos (laws) to denote
the science of work
12
What is the Ergonomics?
• Ergonomics is fitting the person to the job.
the job to the person.
BEFORE & AFTER BEFORE & AFTER
BEFORE & AFTER
13
Ergonomics Categories
Physical Ergonomics
Physical ergonomics is concerned with human anatomical,
anthropometric, physiological and biomechanical
characteristics as they relate to physical activity
Cognitive Ergonomics
Cognitive ergonomics is concerned with mental processes,
such as perception, memory, reasoning, and motor
response, as they affect interactions among humans and
other elements of a system
Organizational Ergonomics
Organizational ergonomics is concerned with the
optimization of sociotechnical systems, including their
organizational structures, policies, and processes
14
15
Primary for Ergonomics Risk Factors (ERFs)
Primary Risk Factors
Physical Psychosocial Environment

Factors Factors Factors
Awkward Postures Work Stress Lighting

Repetition Motions Work Load Temperature
Forceful Exertions Work Pace Ventilation
Vibration Social Environment Noise
Contact Stress Monotony Task
16
What is the Ergonomics Risk Factors (ERFs)?
Ergonomic Risk Factors (ERFs) - Physical
1. Awkward Postures
(Postur badan yg kekok /statik/tidak neutral)
2. Repetition motions Others ERFs
(Kerja berulang kali)
3. Forceful Exertions Noise (kebisingan)
(Daya beban yg berlebihan) Temperature (Suhu)
4. Vibration Lighting / Glare
(Gegaran akibat penggunaan alatan tangan) (Cahaya/Pantulan)
5. Contact Stress
(Pemicitan kepada saluran darah, otot-otot dan
tendon akibat dari penggunaan alatan
tangan)
17

Awkward Postures Forceful Exertions
Posture is the position your body is in and Force is the amount of muscular effort
affects muscle groups that are involve in expended to perform work. This will result
physical activity in fatigue and reduces physical work
capacity
18
Repetitive Motions Contact Stress
In repetitive work the same types of Pressure points result from the body
motions are performed over and over pressing against hard or sharp surfaces
again using the same muscles, tendons,
or joints
19

Vibration Other ERFs – Environment
Factors
Using vibrating tools such as sanders,
grinders, impact guns, drills, chain
Lighting Condition – eye strain, poor postures
saws, and circular saws can cause
Temperature – hot and cold environment
exposure to hand-arm vibration
Noise
Whole-body vibration commonly
results from sitting or standing on
work surfaces that vibrate include
vibrating vehicles, equipment, and
platforms
20
21
PRINCIPLE 1 – Work in PRINCIPLE 2 – Reduce
Neutral Postures Excessive Force
Your posture provides a good starting Excessive force on your joints can
point for evaluating the tasks that you create a potential for fatigue and injury
do. The best positions in which to
work are those that keep the body "in
neutral."
Maintain the When standing, putting one

"S-curve" of foot up on a footrest helps to
It is safer to push rather than pull
the spine keep the spinal column in
proper alignment. 22
PRINCIPLE 3 – Keep PRINCIPLE 4 – Work at
Everything in Easy Reach Proper Heights
This principle is redundant with Working at the right height is also a
posture, but it helps to evaluate a task way to make things easier.
from this specific perspective.
Cut-out workstation Reach Envelope Do most work at elbow height 23
PRINCIPLE 5 – Reduce PRINCIPLE 6 – Minimize
Excessive Motions Fatigue and Static Load
The principle about the number of Holding the same position for a period
motions you make throughout a day, of time is known as static load. It
whether with your fingers, your wrists, creates fatigue and discomfort and can
your arms, or your back interfere with work.
One of the simplest ways to reduce

manual repetitions is to use power
tools whenever possible.
Using a fixture eliminates the
need to hold onto the part 24
PRINCIPLE 7 – Minimize PRINCIPLE 8 – Provide
Pressure Points Clearance
Excessive pressure points, sometimes Work areas need to be set up so that
called "contact stress." you have sufficient room for your head,
your knees, and your feet.
Adding a cushioned grip and

contouring the handles to fit your hand
Rounding out the edge and padding 25
PRINCIPLE 9 - Maintain a PRINCIPLE 10 – Improve
Comfortable Environment work organization
This principle is more or less a catch-all Improvements can be made in the
that can mean different things system which your work is organized.
depending upon the nature of the types Plan, Be involved, Communicate,
of operations that you do. Enlarge jobs, Be part of the team, Be
considerate
.
Lighting and Glare Task lighting

26
Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) due to exposure to ERFs
Sign and symptoms of ergonomics-related injuries and MSDs
Risk of Injuries (Duration, Frequency & Magnitude)
27
Relationship MH + Ergonomics + MSDs
If your work is performed in

1. Awkward postures Can increased the
(bending, twisting etc) Fatigue Injuries of this type are
and known as
2. Forceful (heavy load to Discomfort
lift, lower & carry) Musculoskeletal Disorders
on the body parts (MSDs).
that may lead to the
3. Highly repetitive work Injuries.
with long duration. 28
Cost of MSDs Injuries
Direct costs
1. Medical services
2. Higher workers’
compensation
premiums.
OKU
Indirect costs
1. Increased employee
turnover &
Low Back Pain (LBP) absenteeism
is the common type of 2. Low productivity &
MSDs injury to the product quality
Manual Handling 3. Employee morale may
activities. also suffer.
29
Why use Ergonomics in Workplace?
OKU
• You may ask, “What can our organization do

to reduce or prevent costly MSDs and avoid
the other problems mentioned above?”
One answer is
To use “ergonomics principle in your workplace”
30
Common MSDs Injuries / Risk of Injuries
• Tendonitis
• Tenosynovitis
• Carpal Tunnel
Syndrome
• Thoracic Outlet
Syndrome
• Hand-arm Vibration
Syndrome
• Low Back Pain
• Degenerated Disk
Disease
31
Signs & Symptoms of MSDs Injuries
Signs Symptoms
• Decreased range •Pain
of motion •Numbness
• Deformity •Tingling
• Decreased grip •Burning
strength •Cramping
• Loss of muscle •Stiffness
function
Sign... can be Symptom...cannot be

physically observed, seen but can be felt
felt or heard by the individual
32
Risk of Injuries
Risk of injury depends upon:
33
Ergonomic Issues in Global Burden of Disease
34
Ergonomic Issues in Global Burden of Disease
35
Ergonomics Issues in Malaysia
36
Ergonomic Issues in Malaysia
– SOCSO (2005-2017)
Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorders
Source:SOCSO Annual Report 2005-2017
37
Ergonomic Issues in Malaysia

– SOCSO (2009-2014)
Trend of recorded musculoskeletal disorders relative to occupational diseases cases and compensation
reported for permanent disability from 2009 – 2014 38
Provision of Safety & Health Act on
Ergonomics
Relevant provisions in OSHA 1994 & FMA 1967
Relevant Guidelines related to Ergonomics
39
Ergonomics & OSHA 1994

Occupational Safety & Health Act 1994
• According to the OSHA 1994

(Act 514) stated that in Section 4(c)
(one of the objective for this act):
“To promote an occupational environment

which is adapted to the physiological and
psychological need of workers”
“Untuk menggalakkan suatu persekitaran pekerjaan yang
sesuai dengan keperluan fisiologikal dan psikologikal
pekerja”
• It is also the duty of every employer to ensure, so

far as is practicable, the safety, health and welfare
at work of all the employees
• Based on the above salient points of the OSH Act
1994 ergonomics plays a very important role toward
worker’s safety and health 40
Ergonomics & FMA 1967
Factories & Machinery Act 1967
Part II : Safety, Health and Welfare
• According to the Section 12 in FMA 1967

(Act 139) stated that:
– No person shall be employed to lift

load so heavy so as to cause bodily
injury to him
(Tiada seorang pun yg diambil kerja untuk

mengangkat beban yang terlalu berat dimana
boleh menyebabkan kecederaan tubuh badan
kepadanya)
41
Example of Policy related to Ergonomics
KAMI JUGA
MEMATUHI SEGALA
UNDANG-UNDANG
BERHUBUNGKAIT,
PIAWAIAN DAN
KOD ETIKA,
PENGGUNAAN
UBAT-UBATAN
PERINDUSTRIAN
YANG DIIKTIRAF,
DAN JUGA
PELAKSANAAN
SECARA
ERGONOMIK
42
DOSH Guidelines related to the Ergonomics
ü Guidelines On Occupational Safety And Health In
The Office 1996
ü Guidelines On Occupational Safety And Health
For Standing At Work 2002
ü Guideline On Occupational Safety And Health
For Seating At Work 2003
ü Guidelines On Occupational Safety And Health For
Working With Video Display Units (VDU’s) 2003
ü Guidelines On Occupational Vibration 2003
ü Guidelines of Heat Stress Management at the Workplace 2016
ü Guidelines On Ergonomics Risk Assessment at Workplace 2017
ü Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health for Lighting at
Workplace 2018
ü Guidelines for Manual Handling at Workplace 2018
43
Intended to assist employer, Provides systematic plan and

employee, OSH practitioner and objective assessment in identifying,
others in managing the risk involving assessing and controlling ERF @
manual handling tasks work
44
Provide a guidance to achieve visual Provides guidance on how to recognize,

environments which are comfortable estimate, prevent and treat heat stress at
and suited to the function of the interior, work & serves as a guide to employers in
largely concerned with artificial lighting avoiding discomfort from hot environment
at workplaces generally at work 45
Option 1: Option 2:
Turn ON MICROPHONE OR Use the ZOOM GROUP
(unmute my audio) CHAT box to ask any
to ask any questions questions 46
47
MODULE 2: PLANNING & CONDUCTING

ERGONOMIC RISK ASSESSMENT (ERA)
DOSH Guideline on Ergonomic Risk Assessment (ERA) at
Workplace 2017
Appendix 1 - Self-Assessment Musculoskeletal

Pain/Discomfort Survey Form
Appendix 2 - Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal

Pain/Discomfort Complaint Form
Process of Initial & Advanced ERA
48
Learning Outcomes
To explain the purpose, objective, scope and

1 application for DOSH Guideline on ERA at
Workplace 2017
To correctly fill in and manage self-assessment

2 form (Appendix 1) and complaint form
(Appendix 2)
49
DOSH Guidelines on ERA At Workplace 2017

Guidelines On Ergonomics Risk
Assessment At Workplace
2017
The purpose of these guidelines
is to provide a systematic plan
and an objective approach in
identifying, assessing and
controlling ergonomics risk
factors associated with the
work tasks and activities in
the workplace.
Scan Me ->QR Code

For Download
50
Objectives of ERA
Objectives of ERA
1. Identify most ergonomics risk factors that may

cause harm to employees
2. Determine the likelihood of harm arising from
exposure to the ergonomics risk factors
3. Recommend appropriate control measures towards
risk reduction
51
Benefits of ERA
Benefits of ERA
1. Enable employers to plan, implement and monitor

preventive measures
2. Reduction of ergonomics-related injuries and MSDs
3. Reduction of compensation cost, medical expenses
and employee absenteeism
52
Scope & Application DOSH Guideline on ERA
Scope and Application
These guidelines cover issues related to physical

ergonomics in the workplace as stipulated under
OSHA 1994. These guidelines may be used by any
employer, employee of the organization, and
occupational safety and health practitioner.
53
Planning & Conducting ERA

Proactive vs.
Reactive
ü There are two
approaches for
initiating
ergonomics risk
assessment:
proactive and
reactive
ü Proactive
approaches
include A, B and
C while reactive
approaches are
D and E 54
Proactive Approaches – A, B & C
Proactive
Approaches
ü Proactive
approaches include
A, B and C
55
Proactive Approaches - A
A) Self-assessment by the employee
• An employee who has previously attended

ergonomics awareness training can report to the
management, safety and health officer or safety
and health committee on any work-related
complaint due to ergonomics risk factors
• The employee should use a self-assessment form

provided by the organization
• An example of a self-assessment form is given in

Appendix 1 (Self-Assessment Musculoskeletal
Pain/Discomfort Survey Form)
56
Proactive Approaches - A
A) Self-assessment
by the employee
Appendix 1
Self-Assessment Musculoskeletal
57
58
Case Study – Appendix 1
“Beginilah Encik, kerja saya hari-hari.

Dah 10 tahun saya kerja di sini.
Sepanjang 10 tahun bekerja, saya
mengalami sakit belakang yang
teramat sangat dan rasa tak selesa
dan susah nak buat kerja. Bukan itu
sahaja encik, leher dan bahu juga
terasa sakit dan menganggu kerja
saya. Saya rasa sakit belakang, leher
dan bahu berpunca dari kerja saya
encik. Ditambah pula, siku kiri pula
hari-hari sakit dan kadang-kala
rasa selesa dan kadang-kala tidak.
Tapi saya rasa bukan sebab tempat
kerja encik, mungkin sebab saya
kerap main tarik tali lepas waktu
kerja. Pergelangan tangan OK dan
tiada sakit”.
59
1. Sakit belakang yang
teramat sakitnya
dan rasa sangat
tidak selesa dan
sangat susah nak
buat kerja
2. Leher dan bahu juga

terasa sakit dan
rasa sedikit
menganggu kerja
saya. Saya rasa
sakit belakang, leher
dan bahu berpunca
dari kerja saya
encik.
3. Siku tangan kiri pula

hari-hari sakit dan
rasa kadang-kala
selesa kadang-kali
tidak dan saya rasa
bukan sebab tempat
kerja encik, mungkin
saya kerap main
tarik tali lepas kerja
encik.
4. Pergelangan tangan 60
OK dan tiada sakit
Proactive Approaches - B
B) Walkthrough inspection by the trained person
• A trained person can initiate an ERA by conducting a

walkthrough
• A trained person is someone who has undergone

ergonomics risk assessment training and is able to
conduct the assessment and/or in-house training for
the employees of the organization
61
Proactive Approaches - C
C) Review of records
• A trained person can initiate ERA based on the

general risk assessment conducted such as Hazard
Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control
(HIRARC), Job Safety Analysis (JSA) or Health Risk
Assessment (HRA)
62
Proactive Approaches – A, B & C
The decision for A, B and C is as
follow:
An initial ERA is REQUIRED if:

i. there is pain or discomfort
identified from the self-
assessment form, OR
ii. based on the professional
judgment of the trained
person that there is probable
risk.
An initial ERA is NOT REQUIRED if:

i. there are no pain or discomfort
identified from the self-
assessment form, OR
ii. based on the professional
judgment of the trained
person that there is no
probable risk.
63
Reactive Approaches – D & E

Reactive
Approaches
ü Reactive
approaches include
D and E
64
Reactive Approaches - D
D) Ergonomics related injury and MSDs
complaints
• After a trained person has received complaints

related to MSD from any of the employees,
he/she should initiate an initial ERA
• There should be a formal complaint by the

employee related to ergonomics disorders and the
conviction that the problem arises from
ergonomics risk factors. An example of a complaint
form is given in Appendix 2 (Ergonomics and
Musculoskeletal Pain/Discomfort Complaint Form)
65
Reactive Approaches - D
D) Ergonomics
related injury and
MSDs complaints
Appendix 2
Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal

Pain/Discomfort Complaint
Form
66
67
Case Study – Appendix 2

“Tulah Encik, kalau encik tengok
kerja saya sekarang nie (bermula
bulan April tahun lepas), sakit-
sakit anggota badan nie mungkin
disebabkan ketinggian kerusi dan
meja yang membuatkan saya kurang
selesa. Bukan itu saja, kerusi pada
bahagian back support pun
separuh ajer, ditambah pula
dengan permukaan meja yang
keras dan ruang letak kaki
dibawah meja pun sempit”
- Luahan Razman (No ID Pekerja: M2400) dari

Maintenance Department yang bertarikh 12hb April
2017 (Specifik Tugasan: Motor DC Inspection)
- Masa yang sesuai untuk ditemubual: Isnin & Rabu
(jam 3-5 petang)
68
“Tulah Encik, kalau
encik tengok kerja
saya sekarang nie
(bermula bulan April
tahun lepas), sakit-
sakit anggota badan
nie mungkin disebabkan
ketinggian kerusi dan
meja saya yang
12hb April 2017
membuatkan saya
kurang selesa encik. Razman M2400
Bukan itu saja encik, Maintenance Department Motor DC Inspection
kerusi pada bahagian
back support pun
separuh ajer encik,
ditambah pula dengan
permukaan meja yang
keras encik dan ruang - Workstation (ketinggian kerusi dan meja)
letak kaki dibawah
meja pun sempit - Kerusi (ketinggian kerusi & separuh back support)
encik” - Meja (ketinggian meja, permukaan meja yg keras & ruang sempit dibawah meja)
-Luahan Razman (No ID Pekerja:
M2400) dari Maintenance
Department yang bertarikh 12hb
April 2017 (Specifik Tugasan: - April 2017
Motor DC Inspection)
-Masa yang sesuai untuk
ditemubual: Isnin & Rabu (jam 3-
5 petang) - Isnin & Rabu (jam 3-5pm) 69
Reactive Approaches - E
E) Request by OHD or relevant authorities
• Initial ERA should be initiated upon request by

OHD or relevant authorities such as DOSH and SOCSO
• For D and E, an initial ERA should be conducted

without the need to assess the claim of ergonomics
risk
70
Levels of ERA
Ergonomic Initial ERA Advanced ERA
Screening (ES) (Level 1) (Level 2)
Posture,
Employees Self Musculoskeletal
Repetition
Assessment Assessment -
Motion, Forceful
(Appendix 1) CMQ
Exertion
ERF Assessment -
Conduct Workplace Design
DOSH Initial ERA
Walkthrough (ROSA etc)
Checklist
Lighting
Review Records
Assessment
Heat Stress
Assessment
Vibration
Assessment
(HAV/WBV)
Ventilation (IAQ)
Noise (NRA)
71
Process of Initial ERA
1. Musculoskeletal Assessment
a) Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaire
(CMQ) (Appendix 3)
b) Nordic Musculoskeletal
Questionnaire (NMQ)
c) Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire
(DMQ)
2. Ergonomics Risk Factors

Assessment
a) DOSH Initial Ergonomics Risk
Assessment (ERA) Checklist
(Appendix 6)
72
Process for Advanced ERA
73
Preparation for Assessment

Preparing for an assessment requires various
considerations such as:
qTeam Formation
qInstruments, Materials and Facilities
qCommunication and Coordination
74
Team Formation
• Implementation of ERA requires team work and
good coordination. The team should be led by a
trained person who is responsible for the overall
management of assessment
• This is to ensure that the assessment is being
conducted in a smooth and systematic manner.
75

Instruments, Materials and Facilities
76
Communication and Coordination

Before conducting ERA it is important that the
management, supervisor, employee concerned, and
any other related parties be informed on the:
a) Objective(s) of assessment;
b) Work unit to be assessed;
c) ERA tools to be used;
d) Duration of assessment
Notes: Confidentiality of assessment should also be discussed when

communicating with the management. This is to ensure that the
assessment will be conducted with the full cooperation of all parties
involved 77
Option 1: Option 2:
MODULE 3: INITIAL ERA -
MUSCULOSKELETAL ASSESSMENT
Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaires (CMQ)
79
Learning Outcomes
To explain the purpose and procedures (step by

1 step) for Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaires
(CMQ) Hand Discomfort Questionnaires
To identify the workers musculoskeletal

2 discomfort/pain at workplace using Cornell
Musculoskeletal Questionnaires (CMQ)
80
Musculoskeletal Assessment
• This musculoskeletal assessment should be

conducted for all types of risk factor in order to
identify and validate the affected body parts
• In addition, a trained person may investigate any

other complaint from the employee concerned.
For the musculoskeletal assessment, the trained
person may use any available forms such as:-
– Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ),
– Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (DMQ),
– Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (CMQ)
81
Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (CMQ)
• The Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (CMQ)

were further divided for male and female and sub-
divided to sedentary work and standing at work
Cornell Musculoskeletal
Questionnaire (CMQ)
82
Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (CMQ) - MALE
Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaire - Male

http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/Pub/AHquest/mmsdqall.pdf 83
Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (CMQ) - FEMALE
Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaire - Female

http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/Pub/AHquest/fmsdqall.pdf 84
85
Scores Outcome
The scores outcome from the questionnaire can be analyzed in 4
ways:
1. by simply counting the number of symptoms per person,
2. by summing the rating values for each person,
3. by weighting the rating scores to more easily identify the
most serious problems as follows:
• Never = 0
• 1-2 times/week = 1.5
• 3-4 times/week = 3.5
• Every day = 5
• Several times every day = 10
4. by multiplying Frequency Score in (3) with
i) the Discomfort Score (1,2,3) or
ii) the Interference score (1,2,3) 86
For example, if someone

who has right shoulder pain
every day (score of 5), and
this is very uncomfortable
(score of 3) and it
substantially interferes with
their work (score of 3),
multiply their score for the
right shoulder it is 5x3x3 =
45.
How often did you How uncomfortable Did this interfere with
experience ache, pain, was this? your ability to work?
discomfort? •Slightly uncomfort = 1 •Not at all = 1
Never =0 •Moderately uncomfort = 2 •Slightly interfered = 2
1-2 times/week = 1.5 •Very uncomfort = 3 •Substantially interfered = 3
3-4 times/week = 3.5
Once Every day = 5
Several times every day = 10 87
Case Study – Industrial Workstation

“Beginilah Encik, kerja saya hari-
hari. Dah 10 tahun saya kerja di
sini. Sepanjang 10 tahun bekerja,
saya mengalami sakit belakang
yang teramat sakitnya (4 kali
seminggu) dan rasa sangat tidak
selesa dan sangat susah nak buat
kerja. Bukan itu sahaja encik, leher
dan bahu juga terasa sakit (1-2
kali seminggu) dan rasa sedikit
tidak selesa tapi tidak pula
menganggu kerja saya. Siku
tangan kiri pula hari-hari sakit
dan rasa kadang-kala selesa
kadang-kali tidak dan kadang-
kala juga menganggu kerja saya.
Pergelangan tangan OK dan tiada
sakit” 88
1. Sakit belakang yang Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (CMQ) - MALE

teramat sakitnya
(4 kali seminggu)
dan rasa sangat
tidak selesa dan
sangat susah nak
buat kerja
1. Leher dan bahu

juga terasa sakit
(1-2 kali seminggu)
dan rasa sedikit
tidak selesa dan
tidak pula
menganggu kerja
saya
2. Siku tangan kiri pula

hari-hari sakit dan
rasa kadang-kala
selesa kadang-kali
tidak dan kadang-
kala juga menganggu
kerja saya
3. Pergelangan tangan
OK dan tiada sakit 89
Option 1: Option 2:
91
MODULE 4: INITIAL ERA

- ERGONOMICS RISK FACTORS (ERFs)
ASSESSMENT
DOSH Initial Ergonomics Risk Assessment (ERA) Checklist
92
Learning Outcomes
To explain the purpose, procedures (step by step) and

1 tools needed for DOSH Initial Ergonomics Risk
To assess an ergonomics risk factors (ERFs) at

2 workplace using DOSH Initial Ergonomics Risk
To demonstrate the hands on practical using

3 instruments such as goniometer, weight scale and
video camera
93
DOSH Initial ERA Checklist

Overview / Purpose
q DOSH Initial ERA Checklist is a screening tool for
assessment of ergonomics risk factors (ERFs) at workplace
Ergonomics Risk Factors

(ERFs) assessed
q Awkward Posture
q Static & Sustained Posture
q Forceful Exertion
q Repetition Motion
q Vibration
q Lighting
q Temperature, Ventilation &
Noise
Sources: Appendix 6: Initial Ergonomics Risk Assessment Checklist 94
DOSH Guidelines on Ergonomics Risk Assessment at Workplace (2017)
DOSH Initial ERA Checklist – Tools Needed
DOSH Initial ERA Checklist Goniometer
Video Camera Weight Scale 95
DOSH Initial ERA Checklist = Summary Form
96
DOSH Initial ERA Checklist = Page 1-2
Table 3.1
97
98
99
100
Procedures using DOSH Initial ERA Checklist
The procedures for using DOSH Initial ERA

Checklist is explained in eight (8) steps:
1. Observe the Task
2. Score the Awkward Postures
3. Score the Static & Sustained Work Posture
4. Score the Forceful Exertion
5. Score the Repetitive Motion
6. Score the Vibration
7. Score the Environment Factors
8. Calculation of Total Scores & Action Taken (need
advanced ERA)
101
STEP 1: Observe the Task
• Observe the task to formulate a general ergonomic

workplace assessment,
– including the impact of the work layout and environment,
use of equipment, and behavior of the worker with respect
to risk taking.
• If possible, record data using photographs or a video
camera.
102
TIPS for Video Recording and Analysis
• When working postures are video recorded for later

analysis (deferred analysis), the quality and accuracy of
the analysis will depend on video recording practices.
• The following are recommendations for video recording of

work postures.
Consider recording Consider ways to
the task from Encourage the worker improve lighting in the
multiple to avoid loose-fitting work environment or the
views. clothing. camera’s ability to deal
with low light.
Minimize Zoom in on limb The best camera

unnecessary segments so that the position is perpendicular
camera movement. joint of interest is as to the plane of the
large as possible in the joint(s) of interest.
camera field of view. 103
STEP 2: Score
the Awkward
Postures
104
STEP 2: Score the Awkward Postures
DOSH Initial ERA Checklist = Page 1

Awkward Postures section, there are 13 total scores
that covered six (6) body parts includes : Table 3.1
– Shoulders (3 scores)
– Head (3 Scores)
– Back (2 Scores)
– Hand/Elbow/Wrist (3 Scores)
– Leg/Knees (2 Scores)
Notes:
Total Score = 13
Min. req. for advanced ERA = ≥6
105
106
Hands on
Practical using
Goniometer
Starting point ANSWER

107
Hands on
Practical using
Goniometer
Starting point ANSWER

108
Hands on
Practical
using
Goniometer
Starting point
deviation
flexion
ANSWER
extension
ANSWER Starting point
ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER
109
110
Table 3.1
111
STEP 3: Score
the Static &
Sustained
Work Postures
112
STEP 3: Score the Static & Sustained Work Postures

Static & Sustained Work Postures section, there are 3
total scores that covered six (6) body parts includes :
– Trunk/Head/Neck/Arm/Wrist
(1 score)
– Leg/Knees (2 Scores)
Notes:
Total Score = 3
Min. req. for advanced ERA = ≥1
113
Table 3.1
DOSH
Initial ERA
Checklist
Page 1
114
STEP 4: Score
the Forceful
Exertion
115
STEP 4: Score the Forceful Exertion

Forceful exertion (manual handling) section, there are 7
total scores that covered:
– Lifting & Lowering only (1 score)
– Repetitive lifting & lowering (1 score)
– Twisted body posture while lifting & lowering (1 score)
– Repetitive lifting & lowering with twisted body posture (1 score)
– Pushing & Pulling (1 score)
– Handling in seated position (1 score)
– Carrying (1 score)
Notes:
Total Score = 7 (select only 1 activities)
Min. req. for advanced ERA = 1
116
117
• Lifting & Lowering

only (1 score)
Guide to use Table 3.3
Step 1: Determine the gender
Step 2: Determine the working height
Step 3: Determine the proximity of the
handling (further away or close to the body)
Step 4: Key in the recommended weight
based on Figure 3.1.
Step 5: Determine the current weight
handled.
Step 6: Compare if the limit is exceeded
based on the current weight handled
Table 3.3
Hands on Practical
using Weight Scale
118
Exercise 1 - Lifting & Lowering only
Guide to use Table 3.3
Step 1: Determine the gender :_________
Step 2: Determine the working height :____________
Step 3: Determine the proximity of the handling
(further away or close to the body): ____________
Step 4: Key in the recommended weight based on
Figure 3.1.:___________________
Step 5: Determine the current weight
handled.:__________
Step 6: Compare if the limit is exceeded based on the
current weight handled;_____________
Table 3.3
Data Info
Gender: Male
Spray nozzle gun: 4.8 kg
Wood chair: 16.5kg
119
• Repetitive Lifting &

Lowering only (1 score)
Compare if the limit is exceeded based on the current
weight handled
Limit = 15kg x 50% (3-8 times per minute) = 7.5kg

Limit = 15kg -7.5kg = 7.5kg
If, current weight handled = 9.5kg (Exceed Limit-YES)

If, current weight handled = 6.5kg (Exceed Limit-NO)
Table 3.4
Hands on Practical
using Smartphone
1-2 times per minutes = 30%

* weight limit based on the Figure 3.1 3-8 times per minutes = 50%
120
>8 times per minutes = 80%
Exercise 2 - Repetitive Lifting & Lowering only
Compare if the limit is exceeded based on the current weight
handled
Limit = _____kg x _____% (5-6 times per minute) = _______

Limit = _____kg -_____kg = ________kg
If, current weight handled = _______ (Exceed Limit-YES/NO)
Table 3.3
Data Info
Gender: Male
Wood chair: 16.5kg
Repetitively : 5-6 times per day
Table 3.4
121

• Twisted body posture
while Lifting & Lowering
(1 score)
Compare if the limit is exceeded based on the current
weight handled
Limit = 15kg x 10% (50 degrees) = 1.5kg

Limit = 15kg -1.5kg = 13.5kg

Table 3.5
Hands on
Practical using
Goniometer
*weight limit based on the Figure 3.1 45-90 degrees = 10%

>90 degrees = 20% 122
Exercise 3 - Twisted body posture while Lifting &
Lowering
handled
Limit = ________kg x _______% (65 degrees) = ______

Limit = ________ kg -_______kg = _______kg
Table 3.3
Data Info
Gender: Male
Wood chair: 16.5kg
Body twisting : 65 degrees
Table 3.5
45-90 degrees = 10%
>90 degrees = 20% 123

• Repetitive Lifting & Lowering
with twisted body posture
(1 score)
handled, for e.g. (50%, 6 times per minute) +
(10%, 62 degrees) = 60%
Limit = 15kg x 60% (6 times per minute + 50 degrees) = 9kg

Limit = 15kg-9kg = 6kg

Table 3.4
Hands on Practical
1-2 times per minutes = 30% using Smartphone
3-8 times per minutes = 50% & Goniometer
Table 3.5
45-90 degrees = 10%

>90 degrees = 20% 124
Exercise 4 - Repetitive Lifting & Lowering with
twisted body posture
Compare if the limit is exceeded based on the current weight handled
Limit = _____kg x _____% (5-6 times per minute + 65 degrees) = _______

Limit = _____kg -_____kg = ________kg
Table 3.3
Data Info
Gender: Male
Wood chair: 16.5kg
Repetitively : 5-6 times per day
Body twisting: 65 degrees
Table 3.4
Table 3.5
3-8 times per minutes = 50% 45-90 degrees = 10%
>90 degrees = 20% 125

Hands on Practical
Load + trolley weight using Weight Scale
• Pushing & Pulling
(1 score) Pushing/pulling force
Table 3.6
200N = 20kg 150N = 15kg
100N = 10kg 70N = 7kg

126
Exercise 5 - Pushing & Pulling
Load: 230kg
Load + trolley weight
Trolley load: 450kg
Starting load Keeping load in motion Stopping load

:_____ : 68kg :_____
Hands on Practical Pushing/pulling force

using Weight Scale
Starting load : Keeping load in motion Stopping load

30kg : 15kg :_____

• Pushing & Pulling
(1 score)
For activities involving pushing and/or pulling, the guidelines addressed in Table 3.6 is applied with
the following considerations:
a) Force is applied with the hands;

b) Hands are between knuckle and shoulder height;
c) Distance for pushing or pulling is less than 20 m;
d) Load is either being slid, rolled or supported on wheels;
e) Pulling or pushing is using a well maintained handling aid, that is, the wheels are properly aligned
and in good condition.
If any of the above conditions (item a-e) are not met, advanced ERA is recommended for pushing
and/or pulling tasks 128
Hands on Practical
• Handling in seated position (1 score) using Weight Scale
For handling of load in a seated position, an advanced ERA should be

performed when:
a) The load is beyond the recommended weight limit for male or female OR
b) The load is beyond the ‘box zone’ as indicated in Figure 3.2.
129

Hands on Practical
• Carrying (1 score) using Measurement
Tape
130
STEP 5: Score
the Repetitive
Motion
131
STEP 5: Score the Repetitive Motion
DOSH Initial ERA

Checklist =
Page 7
Repetition
Motion
section, there
are 5 total
scores Hands on Practical
using Smartphone
Notes:
Total Score = 5
Min. req. for
advanced ERA
= ≥1
132
STEP 6: Score
the Vibration
133
STEP 6: Score the Vibration
DOSH Initial ERA

Checklist =
Page 8
Vibration
section, there
are 4 total
scores
Notes:
Total Score = 4
Min. req. for
advanced ERA
= ≥1 Hands on Practical
using Smartphone
134
STEP 7: Score
the Environment
Factors
135
STEP 7: Score the Environment Factors
DOSH Initial ERA

Checklist
= Page 8
Environmental
factors section,
there are 5 total
scores for each
factors (except
noise section have
2 scores)
136
STEP 8: Calculation of Total Scores & Action Taken
137
Outcomes from DOSH Initial ERA Checklist
SERIES 1: Posture, Repetition Motion, Forceful Exertion

- RULA/ REBA/ MAC/ RAPP/ ART (3 days)
SERIES 2: OFFICE & WORKSTATION ASSESSMENT (2 days)
SERIES 3: LIGHTING ASSESSMENT (2 days)
SERIES 4: HEAT STRESS ASSESSMENT (2 days)
138
Option 1: Option 2:
140
MODULE 5: HIERARCHY OF CONTROL BASED
ON ERGONOMICS APPROACH
Hierarchy of Control
Engineering Control based on Ergonomics Approach
Workstation Design
141
Learning Outcomes
To explain hierarchy of control based on ergonomics

1 approach at workplace
To propose the appropriate control measures

2 towards risk reduction based on DOSH Guideline
on ERA at Workplace 2017
To design a workstation for seating and standing

3 position based on ergonomics improvement in
engineering control
142
Hierarchy of Control based on Ergonomics Approach
Source: ISO 45001:2018 Occupational Health and Safety Management System 143
(OHSMS)
Elimination
• In the application of ergonomics, elimination is the process of
removing of unnecessary process, tools or machines or
substances from the workplace.
• For example, instead of lifting and transferring the object or
raw material to another work section, the risks of ergonomics
arising from manual handling can be totally eliminated by
performing the work process immediately
144
Substitution
• Substitution in application of ergonomics is maintaining the
existing process but replacing the existing tools or
equipment, mechanization and automation in the mitigation
of risks of ergonomics. Some example of substitution is given
as follows;
– The weight of object can be substantially reduced for lifting in manual
handling by substituting wooden crates to a lighter yet stronger
material such as plastics crates. This directly reduces the force
required for lifting
– Substitute existing tool or equipment which emits high level of
vibration or noise to one which produces low or no vibration or noise
Wooden to plastics crates 145
Isolation
• Isolation is a common strategy used to separate the hazards
from the employees or operators.
• In the case of ergonomics, environmental risk factors such as
noise can be isolated using barrier; either wall or partition of
soundproof material to contain the noise produced by
machineries or processes.
146
Engineering Control
• Include rearranging, modifying, redesigning, or replacing
tools, equipment, workstations, packaging, parts, or
products.
Termasuk menyusun semula, mengubahsuai, mereka bentuk semula, atau
menggantikan alat, peralatan, stesen kerja, pembungkusan, bahagian,
atau produk.
• Four (4) types of ergonomics improvement in engineering
control:-
– Individual Workstation (stesen kerja individu)
– Movement Materials (pergerakan material)
– Storage Materials (penyimpanan material)
– Tools (alatan)
147
Improvement for Individual Workstation
• Raise or lower the work surface or the

employee – reduces bending, reaching, and
awkward postures.
Tinggikan atau rendahkan tempat kerja atau pekerja –
mengurangkan postur membongkok, mencapai dan postur
kekok
Adjustable work surface Scissor lift Adjustable work platform

148
• Use cut-out work surfaces – allows employees

to get closer to their work, reducing visual efforts
and awkward postures (reaching).
Gunakan permukaan meja “cut-out” – membolehkan
pekerja supaya lebih dekat dengan kerja, mengurangkan
kesan visual dan postur kekok (mencapai)
149
• Reposition the work – reduces bending and

reaching
Mengatur kedudukan tempat kerja –mengurangkan posisi
membongkok dan mencapai
Tilting work table 150

• Reconfigure the workstation – sliding and

rolling replaces lifting and carrying
Konfigurasi tempat kerja – gelongsor dan penggolek
menggantikan kerja mengangkat dan membawa
Roller conveyor Roller ball tables

151
• Use adjustable equipment– allows

comfortable, upright working posture.
Gunakan peralatan boleh laras - memberikan keselesaan
dan postur tegak semasa bekerja
Adjustable microscope Adjustable chair and table

152
• Provide comfort– reduce legs fatigue, contact
stress, eye strain and make it easier.
Keselesaan – mengurangkan keletihan kaki, tekanan pada
anggota badan, ketegangan mata dan membuatkan ia lebih
mudah
Foot rest Forearm Pad Knee Pad
153
Good task lighting
Improvement for Movement Materials
• Lifting– lifting aids reduce force, repetition and

awkward postures in lifting or handling tasks
Mengangkat – alat bantuan mengangkat mengurangkan
daya, kerja berulang-ulang dan postur kekok dalam
mengangkut atau mengendalikan tugasan
Vacuum – assist devices Manipulators Workstation crane

154
Powered mechanical lift
Mobile scissors lift Automatic feed system

155
• Transporting– mechanical aids reduce force,

repetition and awkward postures in transporting
materials and products around the workplace
Pengangkutan – alat bantuan mekanikal mengurangkan
daya, kerja berulang-ulang dan postur kekok semasa
mengangkut bahan dan produk di seluruh tempat kerja
Shelf cart Transport cart Drum trolley cart

156
Powered conveyor Height adjustable cart for heavy load
Portable roller conveyor

– eliminates carrying of products between workstation 157
Forklift Powered lift truck
Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) 158

Improvement for Storage Materials
• Provide adequate, well-lit storage with easy

access for employees – reduces repetitive
reaching, bending, twisting and forceful exertions
Menyediakan ruang penyimpanan yang mencukupi, yang
terang dan mudah diakses oleh pekerja - mengurangkan
capaian berulang-ulang, membongkok, berpusing dan daya
secara paksa
Mobile, lightweight Tilted container Adjustable lift

storage carts container 159
Improvement for Storage Materials
• Increase the efficient use of storage space by

grouping stored items by container size or shape
Meningkatkan kecekapan penggunaan ruang penyimpanan
melalui penyimpanan barangan secara berkumpulan
kumpulan mengikut saiz atau bentuk bekas
Large containers Small containers Rolls

160
Improvement for Tools
• Good design and proper maintenance can reduce
pressure points on the hands, awkward
posture(e.g., bent wrists), forceful exertions and
other contributing factors.
Reka bentuk yang baik dan penyelenggaraan yang betul boleh
mengurangkan titik tekanan pada tangan, postur kekok
(contohnya, pergelangan tangan bengkok), daya secara paksa
dan lain-lain faktor penyumbang.
Pliers and cutting tools –

Rounded, soft and padded adjustable spring return to reduce
hand tools fatigue provide a better fit to the
hand 161
Administrative Control
– Administrative improvements usually require continual
management and employee feedback to ensure that the
new practices and policies are effective.
Administrative Improvement Options

üProviding variety in jobs / job rotation
üAdjusting work schedules and work pace
üProviding recovery time (i.e., muscle relaxation time)
üModifying work practices
üEnsuring regular housekeeping and maintenance of work
spaces, tools, and equipment
üEncouraging exercise (e.g. Physical Exercise Program)
üPolicy, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) etc.
üAwareness training and education
üMedical Prevention Program 162
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

– PPE is frequently used with existing
work practice
PPE Improvement Options

üAnti-vibration gloves
üAnti contact stress glove
üKnee pad, forearm pad
Knee Pad
Anti-vibration gloves Anti contact stress glove Forearm Pad

163

ü Guidelines On Occupational Safety And Health In
The Office 1996
ü Guidelines On Occupational Safety And Health
For Standing At Work 2002
ü Guideline On Occupational Safety And Health
For Seating At Work 2003
ü Guidelines On Occupational Safety And Health For
Working With Video Display Units (VDU’s) 2003
ü Guidelines On Occupational Vibration 2003
ü Guidelines of Heat Stress Management at the Workplace 2016
ü Guidelines On Ergonomics Risk Assessment at Workplace 2017
ü Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health for Lighting at
Workplace 2018
ü Guidelines for Manual Handling at Workplace 2018
164
Option 1: Option 2:
166
MODULE 6: REPORT WRITING & HANDS ON
PRACTICAL FOR INITIAL ERA
Content of Initial Ergonomics Risk Assessment (ERA) Report
Review of Assessment & Record Keeping
167
Learning Outcomes
To write the Initial/Basic Ergonomics Risk Assessment

1 (ERA) report based on DOSH Guideline on ERA at
Workplace 2017
To assess an ergonomics risk factors (ERFs) at

2 different jobs/task using DOSH Initial Ergonomics
Risk Assessment (ERA) Checklist
To demonstrate the findings from ERA Report at

3 workplace
168
ASSESSMENT REPORT
Content of Initial ERA Report
• All ERA activities, information and outcomes should be finalized
and documented in the form of a report. The report should be
presented to the management of the organization and kept as a
record. The information in the report should include but not
limited as follow:
a) Name and address of the workplace;
b) Description of work tasks and activities in each work units;
c) Attachment of the initial ERA checklist used (Appendix 6);
d) Risk evaluation and the score of initial ERA;
e) Recommendations for further action ergonomics
improvement and the needs for Advanced ERA (if any);
f) Name of the trained person conducted the assessment and
relevant certificate of training attended. 169
SAMPLE OF INITIAL ERA REPORT

Initial ERA Examination
Workplace Assignment (WA)
170
WORKPLACE ASSIGNMENT Workplace Assignment (WA)
1. Choose one (1) workplace.

2. Select one (1) work division/section/unit.
3. Describe specific one (1) work task/activity in details
(including name of work task, description of work task,
task duration, number of people working etc.)
4. Conduct the musculoskeletal assessment (using Cornell
Musculoskeletal Questionnaire) for at least five (5)
workers in same work task/activity.
5. Conduct the ergonomics risk factors assessment for
specific one (1) work task/activity (using DOSH Initial
ERA Checklist).
6. Prepare an assessment report based on the attached
report format. 171
FORMAT OF WORKPLACE ASSIGNMENT REPORT Initial ERA Examination

Text Format
1. This report of the assignment must be provided in
English language.
2. The font used must be Times New Roman size 12 and
double spacing.
3. The left and right margin must be 4.0 cm, while the top
and bottom margin mus tbe 2.5 cmand formatted in A4
paper sized.
4. The report must have a front cover
(Please refer to Appendix 1).
The report must be saved in pdf. file for email
submission
172
VERIFICATION OF Workplace Assignment (WA)
WORKPLACE ASSIGNMENT
REPORT
Please attached the Workplace
Assignment Declaration Form
together with the Workplace
Assignment.
173

The complete Workplace Assignment Report must be sent via

email to:-
etp@ergoventure.com.my
Notes: The Workplace Assignment Report must be submitted

before or on the 7 days (1 week) after attending the course.
SUBMIT
1. ETP Registration Form
2. Employer Confirmation Letter
3. Workplace Assignment (WA) Report +
Workplace Declaration Form + Copy
of Certificate Attendance
174
Report should include the

following topics (CONTENT);-
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (5 marks)
• INTRODUCTION (10 marks)
• METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS (10 marks)
• RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (30 marks)
• CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
(10 marks)
• REFERENCES (3 marks)
• APPENDIXES (2 marks)
• WORKPLACE ASSIGNMENT
DECLARATION FORM
Notes: Total marks = 70 with

minimum passing marks ≥ 60 marks
175

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
qBrief description of workplace and selected work
taks/activity
qObjectives
qMethods and instruments
qSummary of results findings
Please include the
qRecommendations CONTENT (BASED ON
TOPIC in previous slide)
before the EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
176
INTRODUCTION Workplace Assignment (WA)
qBackground of company (brief description of workplace)

qObjectives and assessment date of Initial ERA
qDescriptions for general work tasks/activities/process (e.g.
Work Task A (Assembly process), Work Task B (Packaging
process) and Work Task C (Q&A process)
qDescriptions for specific one (1) work task/activity/process
in details (selected from general work
tasks/activities/process for example - Work Task A
(Assembly process)
Notes: Descriptions of work tasks/activities/process should contained

name of work task, decription and pictures of work task, task duration,
numbers of people working etc. 177

INTRODUCTION Initial ERA Examination
178
METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS Workplace Assignment (WA)
qDetailed decriptions of Musculoskeletal

Assessment (using Cornell Musculoskeletal
Questionnaire)
qDetailed decriptions of ergonomics risk factors
assessment (using DOSH Initial ERA Checklist)
qDetailed decriptions of instruments used such as
goniometer, weight scale, video camera etc.
Notes: All methods and instruments description should be contained how

assessment was conducted, instruments used and number of
samples/workers to be assessed 179

METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS Workplace Assignment (WA)
180
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Workplace Assignment (WA)
qMusculoskeletal Assessment Results Findings

qErgonomics Risk Factors Assessment Results
Findings
Notes: Provide results findings using suitable tables, charts etc. Explain in
detailed the results findings.
A. Single work task/activity

B. Multiple work task/activity
181

A. Single work task/activity
A. 1 worker to be assessed
by CMQ
182
A. Single work task/activity A. Single work task/activity
183

A. Single work task/activity A. Single work task/activity
184
In case, where there are more than 2 and above workers to be assessed, the
results shoud be:-
B. More than 2
workers to be
assessed by
CMQ
185
In case, where there are multiple work tasks (e.g. 10 job tasks, the results
shoud be:-
B. Multiple work
tasks/activitivities
186
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

qConclusion of Risk Evaluation & Score of Initial
ERA Form
qRecommendations for work task/activity
Notes: Provide recommendations based on Initial ERA results (either need

for Advanced ERA) and adminstrative control.
187

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Workplace Assignment (WA)
188
REFERENCES Workplace Assignment (WA)
qDOSH Guidelines on Ergonomics Risk Assessment at

Workplace (2017)
qDOSH Guidelines for Manual Handling at Workplace 2018
qErgoVenture Workbook – Ergonomics Train Person (ETP)
for Initial ERA
qEtc………………….
APPENDIXES
qCertificate of training attended by Ergonomics Train
Person (ETP)
qWork task/activity flowchart
qWorkplace Assignment Declaration Form (Appendix 5) 189
REVIEW OF ASSESSMENT
Review of Initial ERA Report
• The ERA needs to be reviewed from time to time. The ERA needs to
be reviewed in event of the following:
a) When there has been a significant change in the work to
which the assessment relates. A significant change in the
work means that the risk situation has changed, such as
due to:
i) Change of an employee at a designated work area
(which has significant difference of anthropometry
from the previous employee);
ii) Changes in methods or rate of work or work
process; or
iii) Deterioration in the efficiency of control measures
b) When there are symptoms or complaints of ergonomics-
related injuries or musculoskeletal disorders;
c) When so directed by the Director General, Deputy Director
General, or the Director of Occupational Safety and Health 190
REVIEW OF ASSESSMENT
Review of Initial ERA Report
• The review ERA report should minimally contain the following
information: -
b) Description of new work tasks and new activities in each
work units;
c) Occupational history and medical history of employees
involved;
d) Description of the methods used for the assessment of
ergonomics risk factors;
e) Previous risk evaluation and conclusion of the assessment
f) Risk evaluation and conclusion of the assessment of the
new work tasks and new activities in each work units;
g) Recommendations for further action ergonomics
improvement;
h) Name of the trained person conducted the assessment
and relevant certificate of training attended. 191
RECORD KEEPING
Format of the Records

•The ERA report should be kept either in print or electronic
format which should be made available to employees and
DOSH or other relevant authorities at any time.
192
RECORD KEEPING
Records to be Kept
•Under these guidelines, the records to be kept
include:
a) Self-assessment forms
b) Complaint records or related medical records
c) Walkthrough inspection and initial findings
d) Investigation report
e) Assessment report
f) Corrective action report
g) Training records
193
RECORD KEEPING
Retention of Records
•All records that are generated under these
guidelines should be kept for a period of not less
than five years except assessment report and
investigation report, which should be kept for a
period of not less than thirty years.
194
Option 1: Option 2:
196
Overview of Advanced ERA
- Recap Initial ERA
- Process of Initial ERA
- Process of Advanced ERA
- ADVERA Training Program
197
Levels of ERA
Ergonomic Initial ERA Advanced ERA
Screening (ES) (Level 1) (Level 2)
Posture,
Employees Self Musculoskeletal
Repetition
Assessment Assessment -
Motion, Forceful
(Appendix 1) CMQ
Exertion
ERF Assessment -
Conduct Workplace Design
DOSH Initial ERA
Walkthrough (ROSA etc)
Checklist
Lighting
Review Records
Assessment
Heat Stress
Assessment
Vibration
Assessment
(HAV/WBV)
Ventilation (IAQ)
Noise (NRA)
198
How to initiate the ERA?
Proactive vs.
Reactive
ü There are two
approaches for
initiating
ergonomics risk
assessment:
proactive and
reactive
ü Proactive
approaches
include A, B and
C while reactive
approaches are
D and E 199
Initial ERA (Level 1)
200
1. Musculoskeletal Assessment
a) Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaire
(CMQ) (Appendix 3)
b) Nordic Musculoskeletal
Questionnaire (NMQ)
c) Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire
(DMQ)
2. Ergonomics Risk Factors

Assessment
a) DOSH Initial Ergonomics Risk
(Appendix 6)
201
Content of Initial ERA Report
• The information in the report should include but not limited as

follow:
b) Description of work tasks and activities in each work units;
c) Attachment of the initial ERA checklist used (Appendix 6);
d) Risk evaluation and the score of initial ERA;
e) Recommendations for further action ergonomics
improvement and the needs for Advanced ERA (if any);
f) Name of the trained person conducted the assessment and
relevant certificate of training attended.
202
DOSH Initial
Ergonomics
Risk
Assessment
(ERA)
Checklist
(Appendix 6)
203
Advanced ERA (Level 2)
SERIES 1: Posture, Repetition Motion, Forceful Exertion

- RULA/ REBA/ MAC/ RAPP/ ART (3 days)
SERIES 2: OFFICE & WORKSTATION ASSESSMENT (2 days)
SERIES 3: LIGHTING ASSESSMENT (2 days)
SERIES 4: HEAT STRESS ASSESSMENT (2 days) 204
Process for Advanced ERA
205
What did you learn from ETP course series?

Ergonomic Trained Person (Initial ERA) program
is the basic courses in the Ergonomic Risk
Assessment Series Program organized by
ErgoVenture. The aim of this Initial ERA course is
to identify the musculoskeletal symptoms and
assess the ergonomics risk factors at workplace.
Focusing on Initial ERA, this program highlight a
details an ergonomic risk assessment using
Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (CMQ) and
DOSH Initial ERA Checklist
Ergonomic Trained Person (Advanced ERA)

program (Series 1) is the advanced courses in
Ergonomic Risk Assessment Series Program
organized by ErgoVenture. The aim of this
Advanced ERA course (Series 1) is to identify and
assess the specific ergonomics risk factors (ERFs)
at workplace such as awkward posture, repetition
motion and forceful exertions. Focusing on
advanced ERA, this ADVERA program highlight a
details an ergonomic risk assessment
using RULA, REBA, ART, MAC and RAPP
method.
206
Office and Workstation Assessment

(OWA) program is the advanced courses in the
Ergonomic Risk Assessment (ERA) Series
Program organized by ErgoVenture. The aim of
this OWA course is to identify and assess the
specific ergonomics risk factors (ERFs) for office
and general workstation.
Workplace Lighting Assessment (WLA) program

is the advanced courses in the Ergonomic Risk
Assessment (ERA) Series Program organized by
ErgoVenture. The aim of this WLA course is to
evaluate the lighting condition and level of lighting
in the work environment based on DOSH
Guidelines on OSH for Lighting at Workplace 2018.
207
Heat Stress Assessment (HSA) program is the

advanced courses in the Ergonomic Risk
Assessment (ERA) Series Program organized by
ErgoVenture. The aim of this HSRA course is to
identify and investigate heat stress that may
present at workplace based on DOSH Guidelines
on Heat Stress Management at Workplace 2016.
208
Option 1: Option 2:
WRITTEN EXAMINATION (1 HOUR)

(30 MARKS)
Planning and conducting ERA
Case studies of Musculoskeletal Assessment
Case studies of Ergonomics Risk Factors Assessment
210
211
TRAINING EVALUATION FORM

https://forms.gle/7xDJRwXu7P4jQNT8A
LIKE, RATING (REVIEW) & RECOMMENDS

FB PAGE ErgoVenture https://m.facebook.com/ErgoVenture/
212
Conclusion
“Prevent is
better than
cure”
Thank you.
Anyone
Question?
• Phone/Whatsapp 0197470789
‫ ܄‬Office 07-4570769
Contact Us • Email info@ergoventure.com.my
Website www.ergoventure.com.my
213
OUR SERVICES
OFFICE ERGONOMICS
AWARENESS
INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS
PROGRAM ERGONOMICS & MANUAL HANDLING
(SEMINAR/ TALK/ TRAINING)
ERGONOMICS FOR SPECIFIC INDUSTRIES
(e.g. construction, laboratories, hotel, agriculture, healthcare etc)
ERGONOMICS FOR OSH COMMITTEES
ERGONOMIC TRAIN PERSON (ETP) - INITIAL ERA (LEVEL 1)

CERTIFICATION
ERGONOMIC TRAIN PERSON (ETP) - ADVANCED ERA (LEVEL 2)
PROGRAM
SERIES 1: POSTURE, FORCEFUL & REPETITION ASSESSMENT
SERIES 2: OFFICE & WORKSTATION ASSESSMENT
SERIES 3: WORKPLACE LIGHTING ASSESSMENT
SERIES 4: HEAT STRESS ASSESSMENT
WORKPLACE ERGONOMICS SCREENING

INITIAL ERGONOMIC RISK ASSESSMENT (ERA)
ASSESSMENT ADVANCED ERGONOMIC RISK ASSESSMENT (ERA)
LIGHTING ASSESSMENT
HEAT STRESS RISK ASSESSMENT
ERGOVENTURE TRAINING & SERVICES PLT

No.31A, Jalan Universiti 6, Bandar Universiti
DOSH Approved Training Provider
86400 Parit Raja, Johor Darul Takzim
Ergonomic Program Management Course Tel No: +607-4570769 Mobile No: +6019-7470789
(JKKP HIE 127/171-11)
Email : info@ergoventure.com.my
Website : www.ergoventure.com.my

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CERTIFICATION PROGRAM

ERGONOMIC TRAINED PERSON (ETP)

10:30 Tea Break

13:00 End of the Day 2

10:30 Tea Break

A trained person is someone

(Guidelines On Ergonomics Risk Assessment

If failed for Written Examination (WE) OR/AND

Ergonomic Trained Person (ETP)

Advanced ERA (Level 2)

SERIES 1: POSTURE, FORCEFUL & REPETITION ASSESSMENT (3 days) (4 days) - ONLINE

To explain the purpose, objective, scope and application

To correctly fill in and manage self-assessment form

To propose the appropriate control measures towards

MODULE 1: CURRENT, TRENDS & ISSUES OF

To explain the definition, benefits & categories of

To relate the ergonomics issues (sign, symptoms

To list out types of Ergonomics Risk Factors (ERFs) at

What is the Ergonomics?

Derived from the Greek

BEFORE & AFTER

Primary for Ergonomics Risk Factors (ERFs)

Primary Risk Factors

Physical Psychosocial Environment

Awkward Postures Work Stress Lighting

Ergonomic Risk Factors (ERFs) - Physical

Ergonomics Risk Factors (ERFs)

Ergonomics Risk Factors (ERFs)

Maintain the When standing, putting one

Cut-out workstation Reach Envelope Do most work at elbow height 23

One of the simplest ways to reduce

Adding a cushioned grip and

Rounding out the edge and padding 25

Lighting and Glare Task lighting

Relationship MH + Ergonomics + MSDs

If your work is performed in

Why use Ergonomics in Workplace?

• You may ask, “What can our organization do

Signs & Symptoms of MSDs Injuries

Sign... can be Symptom...cannot be

Risk of injury depends upon:

Ergonomic Issues in Global Burden of Disease

Ergonomics Issues in Malaysia

Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorders

Source:SOCSO Annual Report 2005-2017

Ergonomic Issues in Malaysia

Ergonomics & OSHA 1994

• According to the OSHA 1994

“To promote an occupational environment

• It is also the duty of every employer to ensure, so

Part II : Safety, Health and Welfare

• According to the Section 12 in FMA 1967

– No person shall be employed to lift

(Tiada seorang pun yg diambil kerja untuk

Example of Policy related to Ergonomics

DOSH Guidelines related to the Ergonomics

Intended to assist employer, Provides systematic plan and