Steel Workbook

Table of Contents
Sr. Chapter Pages
1. Connection ………………………………………..…………………………….………………… 1
2. Tension Member ……………………….……………….……………..………………………. 14
3. Compression Member ……….…………………………………………………...…………. 21
4. Beam ………………………………………………….………………..……………………………. 36
5. Plate Girder ………………………………..…………………………………………………..…. 42
6. Roof Truss & Industrial Building ……..………………………..……………………..…. 47
7. Plastic Analysis ……………………….……………………..………………………………..…. 52
8. General Design Requirements & Miscellaneous ……..……………………….…. 58

1 Connection
(C) 16.5 mm
M MCQ Questions
(D) None of the above
Q.1 The maximum spacing of tacking rivets
[SSC JE 2007]
is:
Q.6 The effective length of a fillet weld of
(A) 500 mm (B) 750 mm
length l is
(C) 1000 mm (D) 1500 mm
[SSC JE 2004] 2
(A) l − 4 s (B)   l
Q.2 In a fillet weld the weakest section is 3
the: 4
(C) l − 2 s (D)   l
(A) Smaller side of the fillet 5
(B) Throat of the fillet [SSC JE 2007]
(C) Side perpendicular to force Q.7 Minimum pitch of rivets should not be
(D) Side parallel to force less than how many times of gross
[SSC JE 2004] diameter of rivet?
Q.3 In calculating area to be deducted for (A) 2 times (B) 2.5 times
bolts of 36 mm diameter, the diameter (C) 3 times (D) 4 times
of the hole shall be taken as: [SSC JE 2010]
(A) 37.5 mm (B) 36.0 mm Q.8 Effective throat thickness (t) and size of
(C) 38.0 mm (D) 38.5 mm weld (S) are connected as:
[SSC JE 2005] (A) t = kS 2 (B) t = S 3
Q.4 For field rivets the maximum
(C) t = kS (D) t = k s
permissible stresses in rivets and bolts
as given in the code are reduced by: [SSC JE 2010]
(A) 5% (B) 10% Q.9 For a rivet of 36 mm diameter, the
(C) 15% (D) 20% diameter of hole shall be taken as:
[SSC JE 2005] (A) 37.5 mm (B) 36.0 mm
Q.5 The gross diameter of a 14 mm nominal (C) 38.0 mm (D) 38.5 mm
diameter rivet is [SSC JE 2010]
(A) 15.5 mm Q.10 If a 2 cm diameter rivet connects two
(B) 16 mm plates as shown below and safe shear
2 All State - AE/JE & SSC-JE [CE] GATE ACADEMY ®
stress for rivet is 1000 kg/cm 2 the value (C) Thickness of the plate itself
of maximum permissible pull will be: (D) 1.5 mm more than the thickness of
the plate.
[SSC JE 2013]
Q.16 The throat in a fillet weld is:
(A) Large side of the triangle of the
(A) 1100 kg (B) 1140 kg
fillet
(C) 2140 kg (D) 3140 kg (B) Hypotenuse of the triangle of the
[SSC JE 2011] fillet
Q.11 The gross diameter of rivet (hole) for a (C) Small side of the triangle of the
rivet with nominal diameter of 27 mm fillet
is: (D) Perpendicular distance from the
(A) 28 mm (B) 28.5 mm root to the hypotenuse
(C) 29 mm (D) 29.5 mm [SSC JE 2014]
[SSC JE 2011] Q.17 The maximum permissible stress for
Q.12 The maximum permissible stress in power driven field rivet in bearing on
shear for power driver shop rivet is: rivet is:
(A) 80 N/mm 2 (B) 90 N/mm 2 (A) 100 N/mm 2 (B) 250 N/mm 2
(C) 100 N/mm 2 (D) 250 N/mm 2 (C) 270 N/mm 2 (D) 300 N/mm 2
[SSC JE 2011] [SSC JE 2014]
Q.13 Diameter of a rivet hole should be Q.18 Tacking rivets in compression plates
greater than the nominal diameter of exposed to weather have a pitch not
rivet by about: exceeding 200 mm or
(A) 4 to 5 mm (B) 2.5 to 4 mm (A) 8 times the thickness of outside
(C) 1.5 to 2 mm (C) 0 to 1.5 mm plate
[SSC JE 2011] (B) 16 times the thickness of outside
Q.14 According to Unwin’s formula, the plate
relation between diameter of rivet hole (C) 24 times the thickness of outside
(d) in mm, and thickness of plate (t) in plate
mm is given by: (D) 32 times the thickness of outside
plate
(A) d = t (B) d = 6.0 t
[SSC JE 2015]
(C) d = 2t (D) d = 2.6 t Q.19 The diameter of a rivet connecting plate
[SSC JE 2011] of thickness 16 mm given by Unwin’s
Q.15 Maximum size of a fillet weld for a formula is –
plate of square edge is: (A) 28 mm
(A) 1.5 mm less than the thickness of (B) 24 mm
the plate. (C) 22 mm
(B) One – half of the thickness of the (D) None of these
plate. [SSC JE 2016]
GATE ACADEMY ® Steel Structure : Connection 3
Q.20 Fillet weld is not recommended if the (C) 2.0 mm for rivet diameter over 25
angle between fusion faces is – mm
(i) Less than 450 (D) None of these
(ii) Greater than 1200 [SSC JE 2016]
(iii) Less than 600 Q.25 According to the unwin’s formula, if t is
the thickness of the plate in mm, the
(iv) Greater than 1450
nominal diameter of rivet is
The correct statement are:
(A) d = 1.91 t
(A) A and B (B) A and D
(B) d = 1.91 t 2
(C) C and B (C) C and D
[SSC JE 2016] (C) d = 1.91 t
Q.21 In double riveted double covered butt (D) None of these
joint, the strength of the joint per pitch [SSC JE 2017]
length in shearing the rivets ‘n’ times Q.26 Pick up the correct statement from the
the shear strength of one rivet single following
shear, where n is equal to – (A) Tacking rivets are used if the
(A) 1 (B) 2 minimum distance between centers
(C) 3 (D) 4 of two adjacent rivets exceeds 12 t
[SSC JE 2016] or 200 mm, whichever is less.
Q.22 For a standard 450 fillet, the ratio of size (B) Tacking rivets are not considered to
of fillet to throat thickness is – calculate stress
(C) Tacking rivets are provided
(A) 1:1 (B) 1: 2
throughout the length of a
(C) 2 :1 (D) 2 :1 compression member composed of
[SSC JE 2016] two components back to back
Q.23 Working shear stress on the gross area (D) All option are correct
of a rivet as recommended by Indian [SSC JE 2017]
standards is Q.27 Is 800 – 1971 recommends that in a
(A) 785 kg/cm 2 splice plate the number of rivets
(B) 1025 kg/cm 2 carrying calculated shear stress through
a packing greater than 6 mm thick, is to
(C) 2360 kg/cm 2
be increased by 2.5% for every.
(D) None of these (A) 1.00 mm thickness of packing
[SSC JE 2016] (B) 1.50 mm thickness of packing
Q.24 Diameter of a rivet hole is made larger (C) 2.00 mm thickness of packing
than the diameter of the rivet by (D) None of these
(A) 1.0 mm for rivet diameter upto 12 [SSC JE 2017]
mm Q.28 When plates are exposed to weather,
(B) 1.5 mm for rivet diameter tacking rivets are provided at a pitch in
exceeding 25 mm line not exceeding.
(A) 8 t (B) 16 t A Assignment Questions
(C) 24 t (D) 32 t
Q.1 If the same number of rivets has been
[SSC JE 2017]
used in the joints, then which of the
Q.29 In a truss girder of a bridge, a diagonal
following patterns will yield highest
consists of mild steel flat 400 ISF and
efficiency ?
carries a pull of 80 tonnes. If the gross
diameter of the rivet is 26 mm, the (A) Chain
number of rivets required in the splice (B) Staggered
is. (C) Diamond
(A) 6 (B) 7 (D) All the above yield same efficiency
(C) 8 (D) 9 Q.2 When the load line coincides with the
[SSC JE 2017] centre of gravity of the rivet group, then
Q.30 Pick up the correct statement from the the rivets are subjected to
following: (A) Only shear
(A) When the gauge distance is larger (B) Only tension
than the pitch, the failure of the (C) Only bending
section may occur in a zig – zag (D) Both shear and tension
line
Q.3 Tacking rivets shall have a pitch in line
(B) When the gauge distance is smaller
not exceeding
than the pitch, the failure of the
(A) 32 t or 300 mm whichever is least
section may occur in a straight right
for plates
angle section through the centre of
rivet holes (B) 600 mm for compression members
(C) When the gauge distance and pitch (C) 1000 mm for tension members
are both equal, the failure to the (D) All of the above
section becomes more likely as the Q.4 The permissible axial tensile stress in
diameter of the hole increase. field driven rivets with pneumatic
(D) All option are correct. hammer, will be
[SSC JE 2017] (A) 100 N/mm
Q.31 Efficiency of a riveted joint is defined as (B) 80 N/mm
the ratio of (C) 90 N/mm
(A) Least strength of a riveted joint to (D) None of the above
the strength of solid plate.
Q.5 A butt weld is specified by
(B) Greatest strength of riveted joint to
(A) Effective throat thickness
the strength of solid plate.
(B) Leg length
(C) Least strength of riveted plate to the
greatest strength of a the riveted (C) Plate thickness
join. (D) Penetration thickness
(D) All option are correct Q.6 Permissible shear for a field weld is
[SSC JE 2017] reduced by
(A) 5% (B) 80% Q.11 The effective length of the fillet weld is
(C) 15% (D) 20% :
Q.7 For reversal of stress, the most suited bolt is (A) 0.7 × total length
(A) Black (B) total length - √2× weld size
(B) Turned (C) total length - √2× throat size
(C) Friction grip (D)total length - √2× weld size
(D) None of the above [RPSC-VPITI-2016, PMB JE-2018]
Q.8 Bending .stress may not developed in Q.12 A steel plate is 30 cm wide and 10 mm
the case of thick. A rivet of nominal diameter of 18
(A) lap joints mm is driven. the net sectional area of
plate is
(B) single cover butt joints
(A) 18.00 cm2 (B) 28.20 cm2
(C) double cover butt joint
(C) 28.05 cm2 (D) 32.42 cm2
(D) none of these
Q.13 Distance between the centres of two
Q.9 In a riveted connection as shown below
adjacent fasteners in a line, lying in the
the rivets subjected to maximum stress
direction of stress in tension members
would include
should be :
c P (A) < 16 t or 200 mm whichever is less
A⊕ ⊕B
(B) < 32 t or 300 mm whichever is less
(C) > 16 t or 200 mm whichever is more
C⊕ ⊕ D (D) > 32 t or 300 mm whichever is more
E⊕ ⊕F [RPSC]
Q.14 As per 18:800-1984, what is the axial
G⊕ ⊕𝐻 tension for mild steel power driven
rivets?
(A) 100 Mpa (B) 250 Mpa
(C) 415 Mpa (D) 1000 Mpa
(A) A, F, C and D
[PEB-SUB ER.-2017]
(B) C, D, E and F
Q.15 Which of the following statement
(C) E, F, G and H is INCORRECT about the design of
(D) A, B, G and H riveted joints?
Q.10 The size of a butt weld is specified by (A) Stress in plates is uniform
(A) Throat thickness (B) Rivets are assumed to be stressed equally
(B) Effective throat thickness (C) Bearing stress is uniform between
(C) Thickness of thickest part joined plates and rivets
(D) None of the above (D) Friction between the plates is to be
considered
[Punjab JE-2014]
[PEB-SUB ER.-2017]
Q.16 A mild steel flat subjected to a tensile (A) Equal to 60° (B) Equal to 120°
force of 84 tonnes is connected to a (C) Equal to 90° (D) Less than 60°
gusset plate using rivets. The forces [AEC-2017]
required to shear a single rivet, to crush
Q.22 A standard fillet weld consists of
the rivet and to tear the plate per pitch
isosceles triangle with which of the
length are 5000 kg, 8000 kg and 6000
following angles'?
kg respectively. Given this data, how
many rivets are then required? (A) 60 degrees (B) 45 degrees
(A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 20 degrees (D) 75 degrees
(C) 16 (D) 17 [AEC-2017]
[KPSC-AE] Q.23 For a standard 45° fillet weld, the ratio

of fillet to throat thickness is
Q.17 If the size of the fillet weld is 6 mm,
then the throat thickness is (𝐴) 1 : 1 (B) 1 : √2
_________mm. (C) √2 : 1 (D) 2 : 1
(A) 4.2 (B) 8.57 (E) None of the above
(C) 3.1 (D) 1 [HPSC AE - 2010]
[KPSC-JE] Q.24 In steel design, a plate used for
Q.18 The maximum pitch of any two adjacent connecting two or more structural
rivets in terms of thickness of plate “t” members intersecting each other is
is limited to referred as :
(A) 24t (B) 32t (A) Base plate (B) Gusset plate
(C) 36t (D) 40t (C) Truss plate (D) Shoe plate
[PHED-RAJ.] [DDA JE-2018]
Q.19 Calculate the strength of fillet weld per Q.25 In a case of welds using lap joints, the
1 mm of 6 mm size with allowable shear minimum lap should not be less than
stress in the four times the thickness of the thinner
weld 100 MPa. part joined or t mm, whichever is more,
where t (mm) is :
(A) 700 N (B) 600 N
(A) 10 (B) 30
(C) 424 N (D) 420 N
(C) 40 (D) 20
[TSPSC-AE-2015]
[DDA JE-2018]
Q.20 In bolted joints, pitch shall not be less
than Q.26 Two steel plates of thickness 20 and 25
mm are fastened using tacking fasteners
(A) 1.7 d (B) 2.5 d
of dia 32 mm. The inline spacing (mm)
(C) 2.7 d (D) 1.9 d
of these fasteners should NOT exceed :
[Haryana JE-2018]
(A) 640 (B) 300
Q.21 A fillet weld is not recommended if the
(C) 480 (D) 960
angle between the fusion faces is
[DDA JE - 2018]
Q.27 Two structural steel plates of Load
(C)
thicknesses 12 mm and 14 mm are to be Bearing strength of rivet
welded together. What will be the Load
(D)
maximum size of fillet weld? working strength of plate
(A) 6.00 (B) 10.50 Q.4 The minimum length of butt weld shall
(C) 13.00 (D) 12.50 be :
[DDA JE - 2018] (A) Equal to the thicker plate thickness
Q.28 In case of structural steel construction, (B) Equal to the thinner plate thickness
the minimum distance between centre of (C) Two times the size of the weld
fasteners shall not be less than m times (D) Four times the size of the weld
the nominal diameter of the fastener, [PEB-SUB ER.-2017]
where m is : Q.5 How is efficiency of a riveted joint
(A) 3.0 (B) 2.0 defined?
(C) 1.5 (D) 2.5 (A) The least strength of a riveted plate to the
[DDA JE - 2018] greatest strength of the riveted joint
P Practice Questions (B) The least strength of a riveted joint
to the strength of a solid plate
Q.1 In a diamond riveting for a plate of (C) The greatest strength of a riveted
width ‘b’ and rivet diameter 'd' the joint to the strength of a solid plate
efficiency of the joint is given by
(D) All of the above
(A) (b - d)/b (B) (b - 2d)/b [GESCOM-AE]
(C) (b - d)/d (D) (b - 2d)/d Q.6 In the design of bracket connection,____
[HPSC-AE-2010] is the salient factor in the design.
Q.2 The efficiency of the riveted joints is (A) Load alone
equal to: (B) Load and eccentricity
Length of solid plate (C) Eccentricity only
(A) 100
Diameter of rivet (D) Property of steel only
Strength of solid plate
(B) 100 [KPSC-JE]
Strength of riveted joint
Q.7 Which of the following is not described
Strength of riveted joint
(C) 100 as a weld type?
Strength of solid plate
(A) Butt (B) Plug
Strength of plate
(D) 100 (C) Zig-Zag (D) Lap
Length of the rivet
[MPSC-2012]
[PEB-SUB ER-2017] Q.8 The distance between rivet centers
Q.3 Number of rivets required in a joint is equal to measured along transverse to the
Load direction of force is
(A)
Shear Strength of rivet (A) Gauge (B) Pitch
Load (C) End distance (D) Maximum pitch
(B)
Rivet value [MPSC-2012]
Q.9 The type of weld used for joining two (A) Throat (B) Long leg
surfaces approximately at right angles to (C) Face (D) Short leg
each other is known as [AEC-2017]
(A) Butt weld Q.15 If two plates are placed end to end and
(B) U groove weld joined by two cover plates then what
(C) V groove weld type of joint is it?
(D) Fillet weld (A) Double cover butt joint
[MPSC-2012] (B) Butt joint chain riveted
Q.10 Give the full form of HSFG Bolt. (C) Lap joint
(A) High Strength Friction Grip Bolt (D) Chain riveted
(B) High Shear Friction Grip Bolt [AEC-2017]
(C) High Shear Friction Grade Bolt Q.16 The distance between the center of two
(D) Hight Strength Friction Grade Bolt consecutive rivets measured along a row
of rivets is called as
|Haryana JE-2018]
(A) Eccentric distance
Q.11 In a riveted connection, a minimum
distance of the rivet from the edge is (B) Edge distance
kept with a view to preventing failure (C) Gauge
due to (D) Pitch
(A) Shearing of rivet [AEC-2017, ISRO-2018]
(B) Bearing on rivet Q.17 The gross diameter of a rivet is the
(C) Shearing of plate diameter of
(D) Tearing of plate (A) Cold rivet measured before driving
[NBCC-2017] (B) Rivet measured after driving
Q.12 In a steel plate with bolted connection, (C) Rivet hole
the rupture of net section is mode of (D) None of above
failure under [RPSC ACF - 2011]
(A) tension (B) compression Q.18 The effective length of fillet weld
(C) flexure (D) shear should not be less than
[GETCL-2015] (A) Two times weld size
Q.13 What shall be the minimum effective (B) Four times weld size
throat thickness of a fillet weld in case (C) Six times weld size
of structural steel design? (D) Weld size
(A) 4 mm (B) 5 mm [RPSC ACF - 2011]
(C) 3 mm (D) 2 mm Q.19 Which of the following types of the
[Coal India - 2017] riveted joint is free from bending stress
Q.14 The maximum stress in a fillet weld will (A) Lap joint
develop at the (B) Butt joint with single cover plate
(C) Butt joint with double cover plate (A)1.5 time the diameter
(D) None of the above (B)1.7 time the diameter
[RPSC ACF - 2011] (C)1.9 time the diameter
Q.20 When the bolts are subjected to reversal (D)1.8 time the diameter
of stresses, the most suitable type of bolt [SSC JE 2018]
is Q.26 For inspection of welded joint, the
(A) Black bolt method is which iron fillings are spread
(B) Ordinary unfinished bold over the weld and it is then subjected to
(C) Turned and fitted bolt an electric current is known as:
(D) High strength bolt (A) Dye penetration method
[RPSC ACF - 2011] (B) Magnetic particle method
Q.21 Weakest section in a fillet weld is (C) Ultrasonic method
(A) Throat of the fillet (D) Radiography method
[SSC JE 2018]
(B) Smaller side
Q.27 In a double riveted double covered butt
(C) Side parallel to force
joint, the strength of the joint per pitch
(D) Side perpendicular to force
length in shearing the rivets Pd and
[RPSC ACF - 2011]
strength of one rivet in single shear PS
Q.22 Fillet weld material could fail in which
of the following failure mechanisms ? are related as:
(A) Shear (B) Bearing (A) Pd = 2 Ps (B) Pd = 2.5 Ps
(C) Compression (D) Tension (C) Pd = 3Ps (D) Pd = 4 Ps
[DDA JE-2018] [SSC JE 2018]
Q.23 As per IS 800. the maximum pitch of Q.28 The minimum spacing for M20 bolts, of
rivets in compression member of grade 4.6. according to IS 800. is:
thickness t is lesser of: (A) 50mm
(A) 200 mm or 12t (B) 55 mm
(B) 300 mm or 24t (C) 33 mm
(C) 300 mm or 32t (D) 37.4 mm
(D) 200 mm or 20t [SSC JE 2019]
[DDA JE-2018] Q.29 As per IS 800 : 2007. what is the
Q.24 Which of the following is a fillet weld? maximum pitch of bolts allowed in a lap
(A) Single bevel (B) Miter joint between two steel plates (in
(C) Square (D) Single J compression) of equal of thickness, t?
[SSC JE 2018] (A) 2.5 times diameter of the hole
Q.25 The minimum edge distance and end (B) 2.5 times diameter of the bolt
distance from the centre of any hole to (C) 12t or 200 mm whichever is less
the nearest edge of plate for sheared or (D) 16t or 200 mm whichever is less
hand flame cut edges is [SSC JE 2019]
Q.30 For 4.6 type bolt conforming to IS 1367. of the thinner pan joined, or 40 mm.
respective ultimate tensile strength and whichever is more.
yield strength will be: (A) More than three
(A) 400 MPa and 240 MPa (B) Less than four
(B) 240 MPa and 410 MPa (C) Less than three
(C) 410 MPa and 240 MPa (D) Less than two
(D) 240 MPa and 400 MPa [SSC JE 2019]
[SSC JE 2019] 84. According to IS 800-2007. the minimum
82. The minimum length of intermittent distance between centre of a fastener
fillet weld shall be: shall NOT be less than:
(A) 20 mm or four times the size of (A) 32 times the thickness of plate or
weld 300 mm
(B) 40 mm or four times the size of (B) 2.5 times the nominal diameter of
weld the fastener
(C) 200 mm or 12 times the size of (C) 1.5 times the nominal diameter of
weld the fastener
(D) 16 times the size of weld (D) 16 times the thickness of plate or
[SSC JE 2019] 200 mm
83. In the case of lap joints, the minimum [SSC JE 2019]
lap should NOT be times the thickness
C Conventional Practice Questions
Q.1 Design a connection of a truss joint as shown in figure, using M16 black bolts of property class
4.6 and grade 410 steel. Assume that the members shown are capable of resisting the loads.
200 kN 200 kN
2L
S5
6x
5
60
x5
5
x
60
x6
S
2L
350 kN 2LS 75 x 75 x 6 150 kN

All loads are factored load and angle section are back to back and Gusset plate lies between
them. e = 35mm; p = 40mm (uniform) & thickness of Gusset plate is 8mm.
Q.2 A boiler shell is made up of 14 mm thick Fe 415 plates. If the joint is double lap joint with
M16 bolts of grade 4.6 at distances of 50 mm determine the design strength of the joint per
pitch width. Is it safe design if the internal diameter of boiler is 1m S steam pressure is 12
MPa?
Q.3 Determine the strength & efficiency of the lap joint shown in figure. The bolts are of 20 mm
diameter and of grade 4.6. the two plates to be jointed are 10 mm & 12 mm thick (Steel is of
grade Fe410)
50 mm
100 mm
50 mm
Q.4 Design the connection at joint C truss as shown in figure. The members are connected with
M16 black bolts of grade 4.6 to the gusset, (a) sketch the details of joint when the bottom
member is discontinuous (b) what would be the number of bolts required for connecting the
bottom members with the gusset if the member is continuous? thickness of gusset plate = 10
mm.
115 kN 115 kN
E F
1 L 60 x 60 x 5
1 L 60 x 60 x 5
280 kN C 150 kN
2L, 80 x 80 x 6
Q.5 Boiler shell is made up of 14 mm thick Fe 415 plates. If the joint is double bolted lap joint with
M16 bolts of grade 4.6 a distance of 50 mm in zig-zag pattern. Determine the design strength
of the joint per pitch width. Is it a safe design if the internal diameter of bolt is 1m & steam
pressure is 12 MPa.
50 mm
40 mm
Q.6 An ISMC 250 is used to transmit a factored force of 700 kN. The channel section is connected
to a gusset plate 10mm thick as shown in figure. Design a field fillet weld if the overlap is
limited to 300mm use slot welds if required. ISMC 250: A = 3900 mm t = 14.1mm t =
7.2mm
700 kN
250 kN
Gusset plate 10 mm thick

Q.7 A 18 mm thick plate is joined to a 16 mm plate by 200 m long (effective) butt weld
Determine the strength of joint if
(i) A double V butt weld is used
(ii) A single V butt weld is used
Assume that Fe 410 grade plates & shop weld are used.
Q.8 Design a suitable fillet weld for the bracket shown in figure. If working load P = 100 kN &
eccentric e = 150 mm. Thickness of the bracket plate is 12 mm and the column used is ISMB
300 @ 618 N/m. Thickness of flange of ISHB 300 @ 618 N/m is 10 6 mm use 8 mm fillet
weld. Shop weld is used.
h h
Q.9 An I section bracket is connect to a column by welds as shown in figure. Determine the load
which can be safely carried. The size of the web is 5 mm while the size of flange weld is 10
mm. Assume field weld.
165
250 W
400 250 400 250
Q.10 Determine the adequacy of the fasteners in figure when M20 parallel-shank HSFG grade 8.8
bolts in clearance holes and a factored load of 500 kN. Assume flange and T section strength
do not govern the design. Neglect prying action. Take μ = 0.48
4
3
5
Px
Py 500
Answers Connection
MCQ Questions
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A
6. C 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D
11. C 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A
16. D 17. C 18. B 19. B 20. C
21. D 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. D
26. D 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D
31. A
Assignment Questions
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A
6. D 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. B
11. D 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. D
16. D 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. B
21. D 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. C
26. B 27. B 28. D
Practice Questions
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B
6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A
11. C 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. A
16. D 17. B 18. B 19. C 20. D
21. A 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. B
26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. A
31. B 32. B 33. B

2 Tension Member
Q.5 Splice covers and its connection in a
M MCQ Questions
tension member should be designed –
Q.1 The maximum slenderness ratio for (A) To develop net tensile strength of
tension member shall not exceed: main member
(A) 180 (B) 300 (B) To carry 50% load of main member
(C) 350 (D) 400 (C) In tension member splices are not
[SSC JE 2004] recommended
Q.2 As per the code, the permissible stress in (D) To carry 33 (1/4)% load of main
axial tension in N/mm 2 on the net member
effective area of the section shall not [SSC JE 2016]
exceed (where, f y is the minimum yield Q.6 The working stress (in N/mm 2 ) for
stress of steel in N/mm 2 ) . structural steel in tension is the order of
–
(A) 0.5 f y (B) 0.6 f y
(A) 15 (B) 75
(B) 0.75 f y (D) 0.8 f y (C) 150 (D) 750
[SSC JE 2005] [SSC JE 2016]
Q.3 The maximum center to center distance Q.7 Lug angles _____.
between rivets in a tension member of (A) Are used to reduce the length of
thickness 10 mm is connection
(B) Are unequal angles
(A) 200 mm (B) 160 mm
(C) Increases shear legs
(C) 120 mm (D) 100 mm
(D) All options are correct
[SSC JE 2007]
[SSC JE 2016]
Q.4 A tension member, if subjected to
Q.8 When a tension member consists of two
possible reversal of stress due to wind,
channel section, the allowance for rivet
the slenderness ratio of the member
hole is made for two holes from
should not exceed
(A) Each web
(A) 180 (B) 200 (B) Each flange
(C) 250 (D) 350 (C) Each web or one hole from each
[SSC JE 2008] flange whichever is more
GATE ACADEMY ® Steel Structure : Tension Member 15
(D) Each web or one from each flange (C) A bar is used
whichever is less (D) A single angle is used
[SSC JE 2017] [SSC JE 2017]
Q.9 For double angles carrying tension, Q.12 The allowable stress in axial tension is
placed back to back and connected to generally kept less if thickness of the
either side of guest plate, the section member is more than
area of the section is equal to the (A) 10 mm (B) 12 mm
(A) The section (C) 15 mm (D) 20 mm
(B) The section plus rivet area holes [SSC JE 2017]
(C) The section minus area of rivet A Assignment Questions
holes
Q.1 Maximum deflection allowed in steel is
(D) The section multiplied by the area of
the rivet holes (A) L/750 (B) L/480
[SSC JE 2017] (C) L/350 (D) Unlimited
Q.10 A single angle in tension is connected Q.2 Allowable stresses in steel ties under
by one leg only. If the areas of wind load conditions can exceed those
connecting and outstanding legs are under normal load conditions by about
respectively a and b, then what is the net (A) 25% (B) 33%
effective are of the angle? (C) 55% (D) 0%
b Q.3 A steel member which is subjected to
(i) a− tension is called
b
1 + 0.35
a (A) Tie (B) Beam
b (C) Strut (D) Sling
(ii) a +
b Q.4 Lug angle is
1 + 0.35
a (A) Used with a single angle number
b (B) Used with a channel number
(ii) a −
1 + 0.2
b (C) Not used with double angle number
a (D) All of the above
(iv) a +
b Q.5 For a tension member in a roof truss
1 + 0.2
b subjected to possible reversal of stress, the
a slenderness ratio is limited to
(A) Only A (B) Only B (A) 180 (B) 150
(C) Only C (D) Only D (C) 200 (D) 350
[SSC JE 2017] Q.6 For the calculation of net area of flat
Q.11 When the length of a tension member is with staggered riveting the area to be
too long subtracted from gross area is
(A) A wire rope is used s
A nd ∑ t
(B) A rod is used 4
B nd ∑ t Q.11 In angle section of size

ISA- 150 100 6 the thickness in
s mm is
C t
4 (A) 6
D None of the above (B) 150
Q.7 A tie member consists of ISA 100 (C) 1/10th of any side which is higher
75 8 longer leg is connected to gusset (D) 100
plate. The gross sectional area of
[AEC – 2017]
connected and un-connected leg
Q.12 The maximum permissible slenderness
are_______ mm2 respectively.
ratio of tension members liable to reversal
(A) 768 and 568
of stress due to action of wind and
(B) 344 and 288 earthquake is
(C) 976 and 654 (A) 300 (B) 350
(D) 1206 and 743 (C) 400 (D) 425
[KPSC] [RPSC ACF -2011]
Q.8 Limiting slenderness ratio of a member Q.13 If a tension member is subjected to axial
always acting as non-pretensioned load and bending moment , then
tension member σ , σ ,
A 1
(A) 250 (B) 300 0.66f 0.6f
(C) 350 (D) 400 σ , σ ,
B 1
[LBS-ASST.PROF.2017] 0.6f 0.6f
Q.9 The net effective cross-sectioned area of σ , σ ,
C 1.4
single angle section connected by one o. 6f o. 66f
leg to the gusset, plate is A1 +KA2 , σ, σ ,
D 1.4
where k is- 0.66f 0.6f
3A1 5A1 (E) None of the above
A B
3A1 +A2 5A1 +A2 [HPSC AE – 2010]
3A1 5A1
C D P Practice Questions
3A1 -A2 5A1 -A2
[MPSC-2012] Q.1 Maximum permissible slendemess ratio
of steel tics likely to be subjected to
Q.10 As per IS 800, what is the maximum
compression also is
allowable effective slenderness ratio for
structural steel that is always under (A) 250 (B) 350
tension? (C) 450 (D) No Limit
(A) 250 (B) 400 Q.2 Area of cross-section of single rolled
(C) 350 (D) 180 sections under tension to be considered
for the calculation of the actual stress in
[Coil India – 2017, DDA JE – 2018]
design is
(A) Gross area reversal of stress due to wind load. What
(B) Gross area less the area of rivet in the maximum permissible length of
holes the member?
(C) Minimum of the net areas (A) 3000 mm (B) 2000 mm
(D) Modified area (C) 1750 mm (D) 2500 mm
Q.3 Tension member splice is designed for [SSC JE 2018]
(A) Load on the member Q.9 As per IS 800 : 2007, what should be the
(B) Net strength of the member maximum slenderness ratio for the
(C) Maximum calculated force tension members in which reversal
(D) None of the above stress due to load other than wind or
seismic forces occurs?
Q.4 Design strength of a tension member is
calculated using criteria (A) 350 (B) 400
(C) 580 (D) 180
(A) Yielding of gross section
[SSC JE 2018]
(B) Net section rupture
Q.10 A steel rod of 20 mm diameter is used as
(C) Block shear
a tie member in a roof bracing system,
and may be subjected to possible
[LBS-ASST.PROF.2012]
reversal of stress due to wind load. What
Q.5 A tie is a: is the maximum permissible length
(A) Flexible member length of the member?
(B) Compression member (Assume slenderness ratio = 350)
(C) Torsion member (A) 3000 mm (B) 1750 mm
(D) Tension member (C) 2000 mm (D) 2500 mm
[NBCC-2017] [SSC JE 2018]
Q.6 Net sectional area of a tension member Q.11 Which of the following is NOT a mode
is equal to its gross sectional area of failure in a tension member?
(A) Plus the area of the rivet holes (A) Block shear failure
(B) Divided by the area of rivet holes (B) Gross section yielding
(C) Multiplied by the area of the rivet (C) Net section rupture
holes (D) Local buckling
(D) Minus the area of the rivet holes [SSC JE 2018]
[ISRO – 2018] Q.12 According to IS 800 : 2007. what is the
Q.7 Cable, as a structural element, resists maximum permissible effective
load by: slenderness ratio for a tension member
(A) Bending (B) Tension in which the reversal of direct stress
(C) Compression (D) Torsion occurs due to the loads other than the
[Coal India -2018] wind or seismic forces?
Q.8 A steel rod of 20 mm diameter is used as (A) 350 (B) 250
a tie member in the roof bracing system (C) 300 (D) 180
and may be subjected to possible [SSC JE 2019]
Q.13 Which type of steel member in tension (B) An angle with one leg connected to
will NOT experience any shear lag the gusset plate.
effect when connected to a gusset plate? (C) Two angles connected back to back
(A) An I section with bottom flange on both sides of the gusset plate.
connected to the gusset plate. (D) A rectangular plate.
[SSC JE 2019]
Q.1 A 200 mm wide and 20 mm thick flat of Fe 410 grade steel is provided as tie in a bridge truss.
The flat is bolted to a gusset plate of the same thickness by a double cover butt joint with nine
20 mm diameter black bolt of grade 4.6 as shown in Fig. Determine the tension capacity of the
tie. Also find the efficiency of the joint
b
1
2
3
12 mm thick
two cover plate 4
1
2
20 mm
Gusset Plate
Q.2 Determine the tensile capacity of the section shown in figure. If

(a) Angles are placed on the opposite sides of gusset plate (tack bolted)
(b) Angle are placed on the same side of gusset plate (tack bolted)
(c) Angles are ot tack bolted
6, 16 mm
diameter bolt
30 mm 6, 16 mm 90 mm
diameter bolt
90 mm
ISA 90 x 60 x 8 mm
ISA 90 x 60 x 8 mm
60 mm
30 mm
Pitch = 40 mm
Edge distance = 30 mm
Q.3 Design a 10m long tension member subjected to a factored tensile load of 2000kN. The section
should consist of 2 channels facing each other. The rolled channels ISMC 300@358 N/m only
are available. Assuming the channels to be weakened by one bolt hole only, check the
adequacy of the section. Design also plates on flanges if required. Use Fe410 grade of steel.
The bolts to be used are of grade 4.6 and of 16mm diameter (see fig.)
200 mm
For ISMC 300@ 358 N/m
A 4564 mm ; I 6362.6 10 mm
t 13.6 mm; l 310.8 10 mm
t 7.6 mm; C 23.6 mm
b 90 mm; g 50 mm
In net area calculation only half of web portion is effective.
Q.4 A diagonal member of a roof carries an axial factored tension of 450 kN. Design the section
and its connection with a gusset plate and lug angle. Use f = 250 MPa and f = 410 MPa.
Required connection length should not be greater than 350 mm. Use M20 bolts of grade 4.6.
ISA 150 5 10 mm
Use r 16.1 mm
ISA 150 75 8 mm
as main angle
Answers Tension Member
MCQ Questions
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. A
6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B
11. C 12. D
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. D
6. A 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. B
11. A 12. B 13. C
Practice Questions
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. D
6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B
11. D 12. D 13. D

3 Compression Member
(A) 120 (B) 145
M MCQ Questions
(C) 180 (D) 320
Q.1 Effective length of battened columns is [SSC JE 2010]
increased by
Q.6 As per IS: 800 – 1984, the lacing of
(A) 5% (B) 10% compression member shall be
(C) 15% (D) 20% proportioned to resist a total transverse
[SSC JE 2004] shear ‘s’ equal to at least
Q.2 As per the code, the slenderness ratio of (A) 1.0% of axial load
the lacing bars for compression member (B) 2.0 % of axial load
should not exceed; (C) 2.5% of axial load
(A) 80 (B) 100 (D) 3.0% of axial load
[SSC JE 2011]
(C) 145 (D) 225
Q.7 The lacing bars in steel column should
[SSC JE 2005] be designed to resist
Q.3 An electric pole is 5 m high and it is (A) 0.5% of column load
fixed to the ground. It carries a wire at (B) 1.5 % of column load
the top, and free to move sideways over (C) 2.5 % of column load
there. The effective length of the pole is (D) 3.5 % od column load
(A) 3.25 m (B) 4.0 m [SSC JE 2011]
(C) 5.0 m (D) 10.0 m Q.8 Which one of the following factors does
[SSC JE 2007] not affect the lateral buckling strength of
Q.4 A column splice is used to increase: a steel I – section undergoing bending
about its major axis?
(A) Length of column
(A) Laterally unsupported length of the
(B) Strength of column compression flange.
(C) Cross – section area of column (B) Radius of gyration about the major
(D) None of the above axis of the section
[SSC JE 2009] (C) Boundary conditions at the ends
Q.5 Maximum value of slenderness ratio of (D) Radius of gyration about the minor
lacing flats in a steel column is axis of the section
[SSC JE 2012]
Q.9 The slenderness ratio of a column is (D) Neither filler nor bearing plates are
zero when its length. provided with column splice.
(A) Effective length is equal to actual [SSC JE 2015]
length Q.13 The width of lacing bars in mm is kept
(B) Is very large (A) Twice the nominal rivet diameter
(C) Is equal to its radius of gyration (B) Thrice the nominal rivet diameter
(D) Is support on all sides throughout (C) Maximum of the all rounded to
its length nearest 5 mm
[SSC JE 2014] (D) Equal to normal rivet diameter
Q.10 In single – laced column construction;
[SSC JE 2015]
the thickness of the flat lacing bars shall
Q.14 If 18 mm rivets are used in lacing bars,
not be less than:
then minimum width of lacing bars
1
(A) th of the width of the lacing bar should be –
15
(A) 45 mm (B) 50 mm
1
(B) th of the effective length of single (C) 55 mm (D) 60 mm
3
[SSC JE 2016]
lacing
Q.15 If a rolled steel flat designated as 55 ISF
1
(C) th of the effective length of 12 mm is used as lacing, then minimum
40
radius of gyration will be _______.
single lacing
(A) 3 mm (B) 6 mm
1
(D) th of the width of lacing bar (C) 3.46 mm (D) 3.8 mm
10
[SSC JE 2016]
[SSC JE 2014]
Q.16 Angle of inclination of the lacing bar
Q.11 The effective slenderness ratio of a
with the longitudinal axis of the column
cantilever column is
should preferably be between _____.
(A) 0.5 L/r (B) L/r
(A) 100 to300 (B) 300 to800
(B) 2L/r (D) 2 L/r
[SSC JE 2014] (C) 400 to700 (D) 200 to700
Q.12 If the depth of the section of an upper [SSC JE 2016]
column is much smaller than the lower Q.17 A compression member consisting of
column. angle sections may be
(A) Bearing plates are provided with (A) Continuous member
column splice. (B) Discontinuous single angle strut
(B) Filler and bearing plates are (C) Discontinuous double angle strut
provided with column splice.
(D) All option are correct
(C) Filler plates are provided with
[SSC JE 2017]
column splice
GATE ACADEMY ® Steel Structure : Compression Member 23
Q.18 If the area of cross section of a single Q.22 According to IS: 800 – 1871, lacing bars
angle discontinuous strut is 30 cm2 and resist transverse shear equal to _____.
allowable working stress corresponding (A) 1.0% of the axial load
to its slenderness ratio is 625 kg/cm2 , (B) 2.0% of the axial load
the safe load carrying capacity of the (C) 2.5% of the axial load
member is (D) 3.0% of the axial load
(A) 10 tonnes (B) 12 tonnes
[SSC JE 2017]
(C) 15 tonnes (D) 18 tonnes
Q.23 If the unsupported length of a stanchion
[SSC JE 2017]
is 4 meters and least radius of gyration
Q.19 When a tension member is made of four
of its cross section is 5 cm, the
angles with a plate as web, the
slenderness ratio of the stanchion is
allowance for holes is made as
(A) Two holes for each angles and one (A) 60 (B) 70
hole for web (C) 80 (D) 90
(B) One hole for each angle and one [SSC JE 2017]
hole for web Q.24 The thickness t of a single flat lacing
(C) One hole for each angle and two should not be less than.
hole for web
(D) None of these (A) 1/ 30th length between inner end
[SSC JE 2017] rivets
Q.20 If the moment of inertia of a section (B) 1/ 40th length between inner and
about its axis is I and its effective rivets
sectional area is A, its radius of gyration
(C) 1/ 50th length between inner and
r about the axis is
rivets
I
(A) r = (D) 1/ 60th length between inner and
A
rivets
I
(B) r =   [SSC JE 2017]
 A
Q.25 To keep the intensity of bearing pressure
 A between the column base and concrete
(C) r =  
I compressive stress to vary from zero to
(D) None of these 2P/BL, the ratio of the moment M to the
[SSC JE 2017] axial load P should be
Q.21 Allowable working stress corresponding (A) L/2 (B) L/3
to the slenderness ratio of double angle (C) L/4 (D) L/6
place back to the and connected to one [SSC JE 2017]
side of a gusset plate is resuced to
Q.26 If flexural rigidity of a column whose
(A) 50% (C) 60%
length is L and the loaded end is free, is
(C) 70% (D) 80%
EI, the critical load will be
[SSC JE 2017]
πEI Q.4 Effective width of outstand in compound
(A) Pc =
( 4L2 ) steel columns for design purpose is equal
to
π2 EI (A) Half of the flange width
(B) Pc =
( 4L2 ) (B) Distance of free edge from the rivet
πEI 2 line
(C) Pc =
( 4L2 ) (C) Distance of the free edge from the
stiffener
(D) None of these
(D) Distance of the free edge to the
[SSC JE 2017]
nearest row of rivets
Q.27 In double lacing, the thickness ‘t’ of flat
Q.5 A column will have less allowable stress if
lacing is
1. It has small value of least radius of
(A) t is less than 1/40th length between
gyration
inner end rivets
2. It’s both ends are not restrained in
(B) t is less than 1/50 length between
direction but fixed in position
inner end rivets
3. Its effective length is small and least
(C) t is less than 1/60th length between
radius of gyration has a large value
inner end rivets
(D) t is less than 1/70th length between Of these above statement
inner end rivets (A) Only 1 is correct
[SSC JE 2017] (B) Only 2 is correct
(C) Both 1 and 2 are connect
A Assignment Questions
(D) Both 1 and 3 are connect
Q.1 Width of lacing bars should not be less
Q.6 Which of the following is correctly
than
matched
(A) 75 mm
Effective
(B) Three times the rivet diameter Compression member
length
(C) Four times the rivet diameter
(A) Discontinuous welded
(D) One-fifteenth of the length of the bar L
single angle strut
Q.2 Angle of inclination of lacing bus should
(B) Continuous single
be more than 0.7L
angle strut
(A) 70° (B) 40°
(C) Discontinuous double
(C) 60° (D) 75°
angle strut placed on
Q.3 Minimum thickness of elements (other 0.85L
same side of gusset
than web) of steel columns exposed place
directly to weather and which is
(D) Column effectively
accessible is
held in position and
(A) 3 mm (B) 4.5 mm 1.2L
restrained against
(C) 6 mm (D) 8 mm rotation at both ends
Q.7 Effective length of a cantilever steel (C) The best location to splice a column
column for the purpose of buckling is at the beam-column junction
calculations is (D) In columns splice on web is designed
(A) 0.5L (B) 1.3 L for maximum shear
(C) 2L (D) 3L Q.13 Four vertical columns of the same
Q.8 Effective buckling length of a steel angle material , height and weight have the
connected by double rivets is same end conditions the buckling load
(A) 0.7L will be the largest for a column having the
(B) 0.85 L cross section of
(C) L (A) A solid square
(D) 1.3 L (B) A thin hollow circle
Where L = centre to distance of the rivets (C) A solid circle
or weds (D) An I-section
Q.9 The overlap of batten bars is columns Q.14 For same load, unsupported length and
should be more than end conditions a laced column as
(A) 4t compared to a battened column:
(B) 6t (A) Is stronger
(C) side of the column/20 (B) Is weaker
(D) 45 mm (C) Is equally strong
Where t = thickness of the batten (D) Cannot be compared
Q.10 Minimum width of lacing bar for 20 mm [RPSC-VPITI-2016]
rivets , should be
Q.15 In steel structures, the maximum axial
(A) 40 mm (B) 60 mm compressive load ‘’p’’ which can be
(C) 80 mm (D) 20 mm allowed on a compression member is
Q.11 For connecting lacing flats to column (A) p σ 2.5A
section with 18 mm diameter rivet, the
(B) p σ ⁄A
width of flat should be
(C) p σ A
(A) 50 mm (B) 54 mm
(D) p 2σ A
(C) 60 mm (D) 65 mm
Q.16 The ratio of the effective length of a
Q.12 Choose the correct statement:
column and minimum radius of gyration
With regards to compression members
of its cross sectional area, is known is
(A) When the ends of compression
(A) Buckling factor
member are faced for complete
bearing the splices are designed to (B) Slenderness ratio
transmit all the forces to which they (C) Crippling factor
are subjected (D) None of these
(B) Splices are designed as long columns [PEB-SUB ER.-2017]
Q.17 According to IS:800-1984, what is the (D) None of the above
permissible bending stress of slab plate? [GESCOM-AE]
(A) 200 kg/cm (B) 1600 kg/cm Q.22 Which of the following statement is
(C) 1890 kg/cm (D) 1450 kg/cm correct?
[PEB-SUB ER.-2017] (A) Column bases transmit the column
Q.18 The critical stress on column for elastic load to the column foundation
buckling by Euler’s formula is : (B) Column load is spread over a large
I area of concrete
π r
A B (C) Loaded columns are supported on
L πE column bases
r
I I
r r [GESCOM-AE]
C D
EI 0.45EI
[PEB-SUB ER.-2017) Q.23 The maximum slenderness ratio of a
Q.19 What is the recommended value of compression member which carry loads
effective length for a column held in resulting from dead loads and
position and re strained against rotation at superimposed loads
one end, and at the other end restrained (A) 145 (B) 180
against rotation but not held in position?
(C) 210 (D) 250
(A) 1.20L (B) 0.80L
[GESCOM-AE]
(C) 1.50L (D) 0.65L
Q.24 The most economical section for a column
[PEB-SUB ER.-2017)
is
Q.20 As per IS: 800-1984, the effective length
(A) Rectangular
of battened columns should be increased
by________ (B) Triangular
(A) 20% (B) 50% (C) Tubular section
(C) 5% (D) 10% (D) Hexagonal
[PEB-SUB ER.-2017) [KPSC-JE]
Q.21 Columns are Q.25 Lacings in the built up steel columns are
(A) Structural members subjected to from
compressive stress in a direction (A) Bending moment due to 2.5% of
parallel to its longitudinal axis column load
(B) Structural members subjected to (B) Shear force due to 2.5% of column
compressive stress in a direction load
parallel to its lateral axis (C) Axial force due to 2.5% of column
(C) Structural members subjected to load
compressive stress in a direction (D) Both (a) and (b)
parallel to both this axis [PHED-RAJ.]
Q.26 The theoretical load carrying capacity of a Q.31 If the moment of inertia of a section about
long column with hinged ends is its axis is (I) and its effective sectional
100KN.the load carrying capacity of the aera is (A),its radius of gyration (r) about
same location if its ends are fixed is the axis is
(A) 50 kN (B) 70 kN (A) r=I/A (B) r= I/A
(C) 200 kN (D) 400 kN
(C) r= I/A (D) r= A/I
Q.27 The axial force in each lacing in double
[ISRO-2013]
lacing system is
Q.32 Angle of inclination of the lacing bar with
(A) (B)
the longitudinal axis of the column should
(C) (D) preferably be between
[MPSC-2012] (A) 10° to 30°
Q.28 In a gusseted base, when the end of the (B) 30° to 40°
column is machined for complete bearing (C) 40° to 70°
on the base plate, the axial load is (D) 90°
assumed to be transferred to base plate (E) None of the above
(A) 75% by direct bearing and 25% by [HPSC AE - 2010]
fastening Q.33 Battens provided for a compression
(B) 50% by direct bearing and 50% by member shall be designed to carry a shear
fastening equal to
(C) Fully by fastening (A) 2.5% of the axial force in the
(D) Fully by direct bearing member
[GETCL-2015, HPLSC-AE 2010] (B) 5% of the axial force In the member
Q.29 Generally, in a column base the shear (C) 10% of the axial force in the member
resistance at the proper contact surface (D) 20% of the axial force in the member
between steel base and the concrete may
(E) None of the above
be calculated using a friction coefficient
[HPSC AE - 2010]
of
Q.34 A steel column in a multi-storied building
(A) 0.45 (B) 0.85
carries an axial load of 125N it is built up
(C) 1.5 (D) 0.95
of 2 ISMC 350 channels lacing the lacing
[AEC-2017] carries a load of
Q.30 The permissible bending stress in the slab
(A) 125 N (B) 12.5 N
base of steel column for all grades of steel
(C) 3.125 N (D) Zero
is limited to
(A) 165N/mm
[HPSC AE - 2010]
(B) 175N/mm
Q.35 In riveted construction, the minimum
(C) 185N/mm
width of lacing bars shall be ______ times
(D) 200N/mm
the nominal dia of the end rivet
[RPSC ACF - 2011]
(A) 2 (B) 2.5 (A) Twice the flange width of component
(C) 3 (D) 3.5 column
[RPSC] (B) The distance between the centre of
gravity of the component members
P Practice Questions
(C) The c/c distance between inner end
Q.1 Strut is a compression member which is rivets
(A) Small in length (D) Both (a) and (b)
(B) Loaded lightly Q.7 Splices for compression members are
(C) Vertical or inclined designed as
(D) All of the above (A) Short column
Q.2 The buckling load in a steel column is (B) Long column
(A) Directly proportional tp the (C) Intermediate column
slenderness ratio (D) None of the above
(B) Inversely proportional to the Q.8 Minimum number of battens required in a
slenderness ratio battened column is
(C) Related to the length (A) 2 (B) 3
(D) Non-linearly related to the (C) 4 (D) 6
slenderness ratio Q.9 The thickness of the base plate provided
Q.3 Battens provided in compound steel for a steel column is determined from
columns ae mainly (A) Flexural strength of plate
(A) To increase the column capacity (B) Shear strength of plate
(B) To decrease the buckling (C) Bearing strength of the concrete
(C) To provide monolithic behaviour pedestal
(D) To prevent buckling (D) Punching criteria
Q.4 Column base are primarily designed as Q.10 Which of the following types of footing
(A) Plates (B) Bearings will be used to transmit heavy loads
(C) Studs (D) Columns through steel columns?
(A) Raft foundation
Q.5 Maximum axial load just sufficient to (B) Grillage foundation
keep a column in a small deflected shape (C) Well foundation
is called (D) Isolated foundation
(A) Crippling load [KPSC-JE]
(B) Critical load Q.11 The slenderness ratio of the lacing bar for
(C) bucking load compression member should not exceed
(D) all of the above (A) 145 (B) 180
Q.6 The effective depth of end battens should (C) 210 (D) 150
be more than [KPSC-JE, Haryana JE 2018]
Q.12 What is the structural member that is (C) 2.0% of the axial force in the member
subjected to compressive stress in a (D) 2.5% 0f the axial force in the member
direction parallel to its longitudinal axis [TSPSC-AE-2015]
called?
Q.17 A column of length L is clamped at both
(A) Column ends and held in position. The Euler
(B) Row crippling load is
(C) Stress point
(A) (B)
(D) Beam
[KPSC-JE] (C) (D)
Q.13 A column transmits load from [LBS-ASST.PROF.2017]
(A) Ceiling /roof slab to the beams Q.18 The effective length of compression steel
(B) Beams to the ceiling/roof slabs column of length ‘L’ which is effectively
(C) Both (a) and (b) held in position at both ends but not
(D) Neither (a) nor (b) restrained against rotation is
[KPSC-JE] (A) 0.65L (B) 0.8L
Q.14 Slenderness ratio of a column is the ratio of (C) L (D) 1.5L
(A) The minimum radius of gyration to [MPSC-2012, RPSC-ACF- 2011]
the unsupported length Q.19 Slenderness ratio of a compression
(B) Unsupported length of column to the member is
minimum radius of gyration
(A) Moment of inertia/Radius of gyration
(C) Minimum radius of gyration to the
(B) Effective length/Area of cross-section
area of cross-section
(C) Effective length/Radius of gyration
(D) Area of cross-section to the minimum
radius of gyration (D) Radius of gyration/Area of cross-
section
Q.15 Effective length of a column of length ‘L’
with one end fixed and other end hinged [ISRO-2015]
is given by Q.20 The thickness ‘’t’’ of a single flat lacing
(A) L L should not be less than
(B) L L/2 (A) 1/30th length between inner end
rivets
(C) L L⁄√2
(B) 1/40th length between inner end
(D) L 2L
rivets
[TSPSC-AE-2015]
(C) 1/50th length between inner end rivets
Q.16 The lacing of a compression member is
(D) 1/60th length between inner end rivets
designed to resist a total transverse shear
‘V’ equal to [ISRO-2015]
(A) 1.25% of the axial force in the Q.21 The failure of a column depends upon
member (A) Weight of column
(B) 1.5% of the axial force in the member (B) Length of column
(C) Slenderness ratio develops excessive lateral (out of plane )
(D) Cross sectional area of column deformation or instability is called as
[NBCC-2017] (A) Yield load
Q.22 Euler’s formula is not valid for mild steel (B) Maximum load
column when slenderness ratio (C) Buckling load
(A) More than 80 (D) Plastic load
(B) More than 120 [LMRC-2018]
(C) Less than 80 Q.27 The effective length of circular section
(D) More than 30 electrical pole of length L and constant
[NBCC-2017] diameter erected on the ground is
Q.23 Struts are the load carrying member of (A) 0.80L (B) 1.20L
frame which are subjected to (C) 1.50L (D) 2.00L
(A) Axial tension loads [GETCL-2015]
(B) Axial compression loads Q.28 A vertical column has two moments of
(C) Torsional loads inertia (I and I under an axial load,
(D) Transverse loads the column will tend to buckle in the
[ISRO-2018] direction of the
Q.24 A strut is a structural member subjected to (A) Axis of load
(A) Tension in a direction parallel to its (B) Perpendicular to the axis of load
longitudinal axis (C) Maximum moment of inertia
(B) Tension in a direction perpendicular
(D) Minimum moment of inertia
to its longitudinal axis
[GETCL-2015]
(C) Compression in a direction parallel to
its longitudinal axis Q.29 Slenderness ratio of the lacing bar for
compression member should not exceed
(D) Compression in a direction
perpendicular to its longitudinal axis (A) 125 (B) 135
[ISRO-2017, AEC-2017] (C) 14 (D) 155
Q.25 Which of the following is a best [GETCL-2015]
compression member section ? Q.30 The effective length of a continuous
(A) Single angle section compression member is adopted between
(B) Tubular section ________Time the distance between
center of interconnection
(C) Double angle section
(D) I section (A) 0.7 and 1
[ISRO-2017] (B) 1 and 1.3
Q.26 The load at which an element, a member (C) 1.3 and 1.6
or a structure as a whole, either collapses (D) 1.6 and 2
in service or buckles in a load test and [GETCL-2015]
Q.31 At the time of failure in a steel column, Q.36 For a compression member with double
the average axial is related to the yield angle section, which of the following
strength as section will give larger valve of minimum
(A) Axial stress – yield strength radius of gyration?
(B) Axial stress < yield strength (A) Equal angles back to back
(C) Axial stress > yield strength (B) Unequal legged angle with long legs
back to back
(D) Axial stress 0
(C) Unequal legged angles with short
[GETCL-2015]
legs back to back
Q.32 If a compression member of length L is
restrained in rotation and translation at (D) Both (B) or (C)
both the ends, then what is its effective (E) None of the above
length? [HPSC AE - 2010]
(A) 1.2L (B) 1.0L Q.37 What is the effective length of a steel
(C) 0.80L (D) 0.65L column of length ‘S’ having one end
[RPSC-VPITI-2016, Coal India-2017, hinged and other fixed?
DDA-JE-2018] (A) 0.8s (B) s
Q.33 Section modulus is defined as the (C) 2s (D) 1.25s
(A) Ratio of bending stress to moment [DDA JE-2018]
(B) Ratio of bending moment to shear Q.38 According to IS 800, the maximum
force effective slenderness ratio for a member
(C) Ratio of shear force to the area carrying compressive loads resulting from
(D) Ratio of bending moment to stress dead loads and imposed loads is
[AEC-2017] (A) 250 (B) 125
Q.34 The maximum slenderness ratio of a (C) 180 (D) 200
member of a steel structure, subjected to [DDA JE-2018]
compressive forces resulting from Q.39 The slenderness ratio has which of the
wind/earthquake force is following dimensions ?
(A) 180 (B) 250 (A) m
(C) 300 (D) 352 (B) m
(E) None of the above (C) m
[HPSC AE - 2010] (D) Dimensionless quantily
Q.35 The effective length of a column of length [DDA JE-2018]
L having one end fixed and the other end
Q.40 Which of the following assumptions is
free, is
incorrectly stated for Euler’s formula for
(A) 2L (B) L compression member?
(C) L/2 (D) L/√2 (A) The compressive load on the column
[HPSC AE - 2010] is axial only
(B) The weight of the free from initial ISSC 200 column and a beam IS.V1B
stress 400 which is carrying a reaction of 140
(C) The weight of the column is kN due to factored loads (take strength
considered of bolt as 45.3 kN).
(D) The material of the column is (A) 6 (B) 2
homogeneous and isotropic (C) 8 (D) 4
[DDA JE-2018] [SSC JE 2019]
Q.46 What is the criteria to decide the clear
Q.41 In case pf pin ended column, the critical
distance between two channel sections
load is x times that of Euler load, where x
in a built up column?
is
(A) The moment of inertia about minor
(A) 4 (B) 3
axis should be 5 times the
(C) 1 (D) 2 moment of inertia about major
[DDA JE-2018] axis.
Q.42 A steel built up column is subjected to (B) The moment of inertia about major
an axial force of 1000 kN. The lacing axis should be 5 times the
system has to be designed for resisting a moment of inertia about minor
transverse shear of: axis.
(A) 30 kN (B) 20 kN (C) The moment of inertia about major
(C) 25 kN (D) 15 kN and minor axis should be same.
(D) The length and width of the built up
[SSC JE 2018]
section should be same.
Q.43 The lacings are subjected to resist a
[SSC JE 2019]
transverse shear to
Q.47 Keeping other parameters unchanged for
(A) 2.5% of axial force in the member a compression member in steel, which
(B) 2.75% of axial force in the member buckling class section carries maximum
(C) 2.8% of axial force in the member axial compressive stresses
(D) 2.25% of axial force in the member comparatively?
[SSC JE 2018] (A) C (B) A
(C) D (D) B
Q.44 As per IS 800 : 2007 Maximum
Effective Slenderness ratio for a [SSC JE 2019]
member carrying compressive loads Q.48 Which of the following is true?
resulting from dead loads and imposed (A) A compact or a plastic section can
loads will be: only be used as a compression
member.
(A) 250 (B) 350
(B) A slender shall not be used as a
(C) 400 (D) 180
compression member
[SSC JE 2018] (C) A section better than a plastic can
Q.45 Calculate the number of M20 bolts only be used as a compression
required to connect the flange of an member
(D) A semi compact section can only be Q.50 Which type of buckling of axially
used a compression member. loaded compression steel member
[SSC JE 2019] occurs when the torsional rigidity of the
Q.49 According to IS $00-2007. what is the member is appreciably smaller than its
maximum effective slenderness ratio for bending rigidity?
a member carrying compressive loads (A) Shear buckling
resulting from dead loads and imposed (B) Flexural-shear buckling
loads? (C) Torsional buckling
(A) 250 (B) 300 (D) Flexural buckling
(C) 400 (D) 180 [SSC JE 2019]
[SSC JE 2019]
Q.1 Design a simply supported beam of 7 m span carrying reinforced concrete floor capable of
providing lateral restraint to the top compression flange. The total udl is made up of 100 kN
dead load including self wt. Plus 150 kN imposed load. In addition the beam carries a point
load at mid span made up of 50 kN dad load and 50 kN imposed load (assuming a stiff bearing
length of 75 mm)
ISMB 500 @ 0.852 kN/m ISMB 550 @ 1.037 kN/m
b 180 mm b 190 mm
t 17.2 mm t 19.3 mm
t 10.2 mm t 18 mm
I 45218.3 10 mm t 11.2 mm
Z 1808.7 10 mm I 64900 10 mm
Z 2074.7 10 mm Z 2359.8 10 mm
R = 17.0 mm Z 2711.98 10 mm
𝛌 90 100 110 120

𝐟𝐜𝐝 121 107 94.6 84.3
Q.2 Design a column of effective length 5.90 m. it is subjected to a factored axial compressive load
of 2000 kN. Provide two channels back to back connected with battens by site welded
connection. Use steel of grade Fe410.
ISLC 350 @ 381 N/m ISMC 350@413 N/m
A = 4947 mm A = 5366 mm
h = 350 mm h = 350 mm
b 100 m b 100 m
t 12.5 mm t 13.5 mm
t 7.4 mm t 8.1 mm
c 24.1 mm c 24.4 mm
I 9312.6 10 mm I 10008 10 mm
r 137.2 mm r 136.6 mm
r 28.2 mm r 28.3 mm
g 60 mm g 60 mm
𝛌 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
𝐟𝐜𝐝 211 198 183 168 152 136 121 107
Q.3 Calculate the compressive resistance of the leg of a transmission line tower consisting of a 200
× 200 × 20 angle section of height 3.0 m. Assume that the condition at both ends of the z-z and
y-y are such that it provide simple supported. Take the design strength of steel as 250 N/mm
and assume that the load is concentrically applied to the angle
For ISA 200 200 20
r r 61.4 mm
r 39.3 mm
𝛌 50 60 70 80
𝐟𝐜𝐝 183 168 152 136
Q.4 A suitable splice is to be provided for joining two column of different depths from two floors.
The upper storey column ISHB 350@ 67.4 kg/m transmit working axial compressive load and
bending moment of 900 kN and 10 kN-m respectively, to the lower storey column ISHB 450
@ 87.2 kg/m. The top column is symmetrically placed over the lower column. The column
ends and other bearing surfaces are milled. The grade of structural steel is Fe 410. Design the
splice using M 20 bolts of grade 4.6
ISHB 450@ 87.2 kg/m; h = 450 mm; b = 250 mm ; t = 13.7 mm; t = 9.8 mm
ISHB 350 @ 67.4 kg/m; h = 350 mm; b = 250 mm; t = 11.6 mm; t = 8.3 mm
Answers Compression Member
MCQ Questions
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B
6. C 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C
11. D 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. C
16. C 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. B
21. D 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. D
26. B 27. C
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C
6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B
11. B 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C
16. B 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. D
21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. B
26. B 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. C
31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. C
Practice Questions
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D
6. D 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. B
11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
16. D 17. A 18. C 19. C 20. B
21. C 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. B
26. C 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. A
31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. A
36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. C
41. C 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. D
46. C 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. C

4 Beam
Q.5 Web Crippling generally occurs at the
M MCQ Questions
point where
Q.1 In a steel beam section, the web carries
(A) Bending moment is maximum
(A) The compression (B) The tension
(B) Shearing force is minimum
(C) The moment (D) The shear
[SSC JE 2007] (C) Concentrated load act
Q.2 To the calculate area of cover plates of a (D) Deflection is maximum
built up beam, an allowance for rivet [SSC JE 2017]
holes to be added Q.6 The connection of one beam to another
(A) 10% (B) 13% beam by means of an angle at the
(C) 15% (D) 18% bottom and an angle at the top is known
[SSC JE 2008] as
Q.3 The problem of lateral buckling can (A) Unstiffened seated connection
arise only in those steel beams which (B) Stiffened seated connection
have _____.
(C) Seated connection
(A) Moment of inertia about the
(D) None of these
bending axis larger than the other
(B) Moment of inertia about the [SSC JE 2017]
bending axis smaller than the other Q.7 The effective length L of a simply
(C) Fully supported compression flange supported beam with ends restrained
(D) None of the these against torsion, and also the ends of
[SSC JE 2016] compression flange partially restrained
Q.4 For a cantilever beam of length L against lateral bending is given by
continuous at the support and (A) L = span
unrestrained against torsion at the (B) L = 0.85 span
support and at the end, the effective (C) L = 0.75 span
length (l ) is equal to
(D) L = 0.7 span
(A) l L (B) l = 2 L
[SSC JE 2017]
(C) l = 0.5 L (D) l = 3 L Q.8 In rolled steel beams, shear force is
[SSC JE 2017] mostly resisted by
GATE ACADEMY ® Steel Structure : Beam 37
(A) Web only (B) Beams with thick web are used
(B) Flange only (C) Bearing stiffener is provided
(C) Web and flanges together (D) All of the above
(D) None of these Q.5 An out of-plane web distortion is known
[SSC JE 2017] as
Q.9 To the calculated area of cover plates of (A) Web buckling
a built – up beam an allowance for rivet (B) Vertical web buckling
holes to be added is:
(C) Column buckling
(A) 0.1 (B) 0.13
(D) All of these
(C) 0.15 (D) 0.18
Q.6 The slenderness ratio for the portion of
[SSC JE 2017]
web acting as a column, when the two
A Assignment Questions flanges are restrained against lateral
Q.1 A slender element is the one whose displacement and rotation, is equal to
(A) Length is large as compared to its (A) h⁄t
depth (B) √3h t
(B) Length is large as compared to its (C) √5h t
other dimensions
(D) √6h t
(C) 15
Where h = Clear depth of web between
(D) 25 root fillets, and
Q.2 As per IS specifications, the beam t Thickness of web
sections should be Q.7 The slenderness ratio for the portion of
(A) At least symmetrical about one of web acting as a column, when the top
the principal axis flange is held in position only while the
(B) symmetrical about the principal axis bottom flange is restrained against
(C) rolled to furnish maximum section lateral displacement and rotation, is
modulus equal to
(D) all of the above (A) h⁄t
Q.3 web crippling occurs due to (B) 3h⁄t
(A) column action of web (C) 5h⁄t
(B) failure of web under concentrated load
(D) 6h⁄t
(C) excessive bending moment
(D) disregarded Q.8 Steel beam should be designed for
Q.4 When the bearing stress in beam (A) Flexural strength
exceeds 0.75 f (B) Stiffness
(A) The bearing block length is (C) Buckling
increased (D) All the above
Q.9 Which of the following statements is Q.13 According to IS 800, the maximum
true? deflection in a steel beam of length L is
(A) Diagonal tension in a beam limited to
increases below the neutral axis and (A) L⁄350
decreases above the neutral axis (B) L⁄250
(B) Both a and c (C) L⁄225
(C) Diagonal tension in a beam is at (D) L⁄325
maximum at the neutral axis
[RPSC-ACF-2011, AEC-2017,
(D) None of the above NBCC-2017, LMRC-2018]
[GESCOM-AE] Q.14 The average shear stress in a member
Q.10 Permissible deflection of a steel beam calculated on the cross section of
whose span is 4 mm is ______mm as unstiffened web shall not exceed
per IS 800 (A) 0.45 f
(A) 16 (B) 20
(B) 0.40 f
(C) 23 (D) 29
(C) 0.65 f
[KPSC-JE]
(D) 0.66 f
Q.11 Web buckling occurs when the intensity
of vertical compressive stress the center [PMB JE-2018]
of the section becomes Q.15 An I-section steel beam has overall
(A) Lesser than the critical buckling depth of 300mm. if flange stress
stress for the web acting as a developed at the top and bottom of the
column beam are 1.2N/m and
0.3N/m respectively. Then depth of
(B) Greater than the critical buckling
neutral axis from the top of beam will be
stress for the web acting as a
column (A) 250 mm
(C) Equal to the critical buckling stress (B) 240 mm
for the web acting as a column (C) 200 mm
(D) Less than the bending stress (D) 180 mm
[TSPSC-AE-2015] [RPSC ACF - 2011]
Q.12 In case of an I-beam, major percentage Q.16 A cantilever steel beam of 3 m span
of the shear force at a section is resisted carries a uniformly disturbed load of
by 20KN/m (inclusive of self-weight). The
(A) Top flange beam comprises ISLB 200 @ 198N/m,
flange 100 mm 7.3 mm,web thickness
(B) Bottom flange
5.4 mm, I =1696.6mm and T
(C) Top and bottom flanges together
115.4 cm . Bending and shear stress in
(D) Web the beam, respectively
[LBS-ASST.PROF.2017]
(A) 530.47N/mm and 55.55 N/mm Q.3 Which of the following statements is a
(B) 3899.48 N/mm and 82.19N/mm good definition of a beam?
(C) 132.62N/mm and 27.78 N/mm (A) Axis loading
(D) 1949.74N/mm and 41.10N/mm (B) Transverse loading
(E) None of the above (C) Axis and transverse loading
[HPSC AE - 2010] (D) None of these
[KPSC-JE]
Q.17 Which of the following is the most
efficient and economical section used as Q.4 Cross section in which the extreme fiber
a beam? in compression can reach yield stress but
cannot develop the plastic moment of
(A) H section
resistance due to local buckling is called
(B) Pipe section (circular)
(A) Plastic
(C) I section
(B) Compact
(D) Angles
(C) Semi compact
[DDA JE-2018]
(D) Slender
Q.18 Beams composed of two materials and
[MPSC-2012]
rigidly connected together as to behave
Q.5 What is the effective length of beam if
as one piece, are known as:
compression flange is restrained fully
(A) Parallel beams
against lateral bending as per IS
(B) Indeterminate beams 800:2007
(C) Determinate beams (A) L
(D) Composite beams (B) 0.8 L
[DDA JE-2018, KPSC-JE ] (C) 0.85 L
P Practice Questions (D) 0.7 L
Q.6 Web crippling generally occurs at the
Q.1 Lintels are associated with
point where
(A) Doors and windows
(A) Concentrated load act
(B) Ceilings
(B) Shearing force is minimum
(C) Both (a) and (b)
(C) Bending moment is maximum
(D) Neither (a) nor (b)
(D) Deflection is maximum
[GESCOM-AE]
[ISRO-2015]
Q.2 A major beam in a building structure, is Q.7 Junction between the flange and web of
known as a beam is known as
(A) A girder (A) Lap joint
(B) A link beam (B) Butt joint
(C) A contact beam (C) Fillet
(D) None of the above (D) Shear joint
[KPSC-JE] [ISRO-2017]
Q.8 The problem of lateral buckling can Q.9 The effective length of lateral bucking
raise only in those steel beams which for a simply supported beam under
has normal loading conditions, provided
(A) Moment of inertia about the torsional restraint as fully restrained and
bending axis larger than other warping restraint as both flanges fully
restrained should be _________.
(B) Moment of inertia about the
bending axis smaller than the other (D – overall depth of beam L – length of
span)
(C) Fully supported compression flange
(A) 0.5 L+D (B) 1.2 L+ 2D
(D) Concentric axial force
(C) 0.7 L (D) 0.95 L
[SSC JE 2019]
[HPSC AE - 2010]
1. A floor of an assembly hall measuring 7.5 m × 21 m consists of 120 mm thick reinforced
concrete slab on rolled steel I-beams spaced at 3 m c/c as shown in Fig. with flange of the
beam embedded in slab concrete. The floor slab is to support live and the finishing loads
including weight of false ceiling of 4 kN/m & 1.4 kN/m respectively. The deflection for the
beam is to be limited to span/ 300. Select suitable hot rolled section of structural steel of grade
Fe 410. Considered the width of support as 300 mm. Assume beam wt. 0.8 kN/m.
0.3m
7.5 m
0.3m
3m 3m 3m
Stiff bearing length is 100 mm
ISMB 400 @ 56.9 kg/m ISMB 450 @65.3 kg/m
b 165 mm b 70 mm
t 12.5 mm t 13.4 mm
t 8.0 mm t 8.6 mm
R 16.0 mm R 16.0 mm
I 19306.3 10 mm I 27536.1 10 mm
Z 965.3 10 mm Z 1223.8 10 mm
Z 1099.45 10 mm Z 1401.4 10 mm
Answers Beam
MCQ Questions
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C
6. C 7. B 8. A 9. B
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. D
6. B 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. A
11. B 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. B
16. A 17. C 18. D
Practice Questions
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D
6. A 7. C 8. A 9. C

5 Plate Girder
Q.6 A welded steel plate girder consisting of
M MCQ Questions
two flange plates of 350 mm ×16 mm
Q.1 In a plate girder, the vertical stiffeners
and a web plate of 1000 mm × 6 mm
are provided when the ratio of clear
depth to the thickness of web exceed requires
(A) No stiffener
(A) 50 (B) 85
(B) Vertical stiffeners
(C) 65 (D) 75
(C) Intermediate vertical stiffener
[SSC JE 2004]
(D) Vertical and horizontal stiffeners
Q.2 According to IS : 800 – 1962 the
[SSC JE 2016]
permissible bending stress in steel slab
plates is A Assignment Questions
(A) 1500 kg/cm 2 (B) 1420 kg/cm 2 Q.1 Horizontal stiffeners in plate girders are
(C) 2125 kg/cm 2 (D) 1890 kg/cm 2 used to
(A) Increases the bending strength of web
[SSC JE 2008]
(B) Increase the shear capacity of the web
Q.3 A web plate is called unstiffened if the
(C) Prevent local buckling of the flange
ratio of clear depth and thickness is less
than (D) Prevent local buckling of the web
(A) 35 (B) 50 Q.2 Minimum spacing of intermediate vertical
stiffeners in plate girders should be at a
(C) 60 (D) 85
distance of
[SSC JE 2008]
(A) 2d (B) 1.33d
Q.4 The outstand of web stiffeners in term of
(C) d (D) 0.33d
the thickness of flat should be
Q.3 A smaller clear dimension of a panel in
(A) 6 t (B) 8 t
the web of a stiffened plate girder should
(C) 10 t (D) 12 t be restricted to
[SSC JE 2011] (A) 400t (B) 250t
Q.5 Bearing stiffeners are designed as (C) 180t (D) 90t
(A) Beam (B) Beam - ties Q.4 Atleast one horizontal stiffener should be
(C) Ties (D) Column placed in the plate girder in which the
[SSC JE 2014] thickness of the web is less than
GATE ACADEMY ® Steel Structure : Plate Girder 43
(A) d⁄200 (B) d⁄100 Q.9 As per IS 800 in case of plate girder with
(C) d⁄60 (D) d⁄4 vertical and horizontal stiffeners, the
Where d = depth of the web greater and lesser unsupported clear
dimensions of a web panel in terms of
Q.5 Minimum thickness of web plate in plate
web thickness ′t ′ should not exceed
girders even with stiffeners should not be
respectively
less than
(A) 4 mm (B) 6 mm (A) 180t and 85t
(C) 8 mm (D) 10 mm (B) 270t and 200t
Q.6 By providing flange cover plate in riveted (C) 270t and 180t
plate girders (D) 400 and 250t
(A) The moment of resistance is [MPSC-2012]
increased Q.10 The maximum moment considered in a
(B) Buckling tendency of flange is continuous purlin subjected to uniformly
reduced distribute load of intensity ‘w’ and
(C) The overall cost is increased distance between supports ‘l’ is
(D) All of the above (A) wl ⁄8 (B) wl ⁄10
Q.7 In a plant girder (C) wl ⁄12 (D) l6w ⁄16
1. The flange cover plates should not be Q.11 Intermediate vertical stiffeners are
extended more than 20t beyond the required in plate girder when d/t ratio
outer line of connection of the web exceeds
2. Unequal angle with long legs (A) 85 (B) 80
horizontal are preferred for making
(C) 95 (D) 75
flanges
[MPSC-2012]
3. The flange cover plate should not be
thicker than the flange angle Q.12 The flange splice in plate girder should be
Of the above statements selected at
(A) 1,2 and 3 are correct (A) Maximum shear location
(B) Only 1 is correct (B) Maximum shear location
(C) 2 and 3 are correct (C) Maximum moment location
(D) Only 2 is correct (D) Maximum moment location
Q.8 In vertical stiffeners of plat girders [MPSC-2012]
(A) A single angle section should be Q.13 In the plate girder, stiffeners are used
placed alternately on opposite side of (A) To take bearing stress
web
(B) To reduce the compressive stress
(B) They are not subjected to any load
(C) To avoid buckling of web plate
(C) They increase the buckling resistance
(D) To reduce the shear stress
of web
[AEC-2017, ISRO-2015]
Q.14 As per IS 800, for compression flange, the Of the above statements
outstand of flange should not exceed (A) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(A) 12 t (B) 16 t (B) 1 and 2 are correct
(C) 20 t (D) 25 t (C) Only 1 is correct
[HPSC AE - 2010] (D) 2 and 3 are correct
Q.15 Usually, a plate girder is called as Q.4 If a number of flange cover plates are
economical if it corresponds to minimum provided in a riveted plate girder then the
(A) Width outer plant
(B) Weight (A) Should not be thicker than the outer
(C) Web thickness plates
(B) Should not be thinner than the inner
(D) Depth
plates
[DDA JE-2018]
(C) May be equal to the thickness of
P Practice Questions inner plates
Q.1 Distance between centre of gravity of (D) Both (A) and (C) above
compression flange and centre of gravity Q.5 Bearing stiffener in a plate girder is
of tension flange of a plate girder is designed
called (A) For effective length equal to 0.7
(A) Effective depth times the actual length
(B) Clear depth (B) As straight compression member
(C) Overall depth (C) For bearing
(D) None of the above (D) All of the above
Q.2 Vertical stiffeners in plate girder is Q.6 Bearing stiffeners are provided
provided (A) At the end on both faces of the web
(A) To increase bearing strength of web (B) At the end of a plate girder
(B) To prevent local buckling of the (C) At the points of concentrated loads
flange (D) Throughout the span
(C) To prevent local buckling of the web Q.7 The provision of intermediate stiffeners is
(D) None of the above to
Q.3 The flange angles are offset a little above (A) Enhance the bearing capacity of the
the top of web in a plate girder so than web
1. The load may not come directly over the (B) Resist the applied loads
web (C) Provide stiffness to the web
2. The flange cover plates and flange (D) Enhance the buckling capacity of the
angle may be jointed perfectly web
3. Flange angle support major portion of Q.8 In plate girder, flanges are designed to
the load resist
GATE ACADEMY ® Steel Structure : Plate Girder 45
(A) Shear force Q.13 If ‘d’ is depth of web and 't w ' is
(B) Bending moment thickness of web of a plate girder such
(C) Axial force 250
d
(D) Torsional moment that ≤ 400 ε w , where εw , =
tw fy
[MPSC-2012]
then:
Q.9 In plate girders, steel plate are placed at
the top and bottom plant to enhance its (A) End bearing stiffeners. intermediate
(A) Shear stiffness transverse stiffeners and
(B) Torsional stiffness longitudinal stiffeners at 0.2d from
compression face are needed
(C) Flexural stiffness
(D) Axial stiffness (B) Intermediate transverse stiffeners
[NBCC-2017] are needed in addition to end
bearing stiffeners
Q.10 In a plate girder, the web plate is
connected to the flange plates by fillet (C) End bearing stiffeners. intermediate
welding, the size of fillet welds is transverse stiffeners. longitudinal
designed to safely resist stiffeners at 0.2d from compression
(A) The bending stresses in the flanges face and at neutral axis are needed.
(B) The horizontal shear force between (D) Only end bearing stiffeners are
the flange and the web plate needed.
(C) The force causing buckling in the [SSC JE 2019]
web
(D) The vertical shear force at the section
[GETCL-2015]
Q.11 The web crippling due to excessive
bearing stresses can be avoided by
(A) Increasing the web thickness
(B) Providing suitable stiffeners
(C) Increasing the length of the bearing plate
[HPSC AE - 2010]
Q.12 Which of the following stiffeners is used
to prevent local crushing of the web due
to concentrated loading?
(A) Diagonal
(B) Torsional
(C) Load carrying
(D) Bearing
[DDA JE - 2018]

1. For a column section built of shape shown in fig. determine the axial load capacity in
compression for the data indicated against the fig.
y
30 mm
20 mm
Z
500 mm
30 mm
300 mm
f 250 MPa; L 6.0 mm; t 20 mm; t 30 mm

End condition both ends restrained in direction & position
𝛌 30 40 50 60
𝐟𝐜𝐝 211 198 183 168
Answers Plate Girder

MCQ Questions
1. B 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. D
6. C
1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C
6. D 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B
11. A 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B
Practice Questions
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D
6. C 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. B
11. A 12. D 13. C

Roof Truss
6 & Industrial Building
M MCQ Questions (C) Greater than 300
Q.1 Normally, the angle of roof truss with (D) Less than 450
asbestos sheets should not be less then: [SSC JE 2016]
(A) Less than 26 0 Q.5 Which of the following elements of a
pitched roof industrial steel building
(B) Less than 300
primarily resists lateral load parallel to
(C) Less than 40 0 the ridge?
(D) None of the above (A) Bracings (B) Purlins
[SSC JE 2009]
(C) Truss (D) Columns
Q.2 The member of roof true which supports
[SSC JE 2016]
the purlins is called as
Q.6 In factory buildings the horizontal
(A) Sag rod (B) main strut
beams spanning between the wall
(C) Principal rafter (D) Principal tie
columns supporting a wall covering are
[SSC JE 2012] called
Q.3 Apart from gravity loads which of the (A) Stringers (B) Girts
following loads are also considered in
(C) Trimmers (D) Lintels
the design of a gantry girder located
[SSC JE 2017]
within an industrial building?
Q.7 The space between adjacent bents in a
A. Wind load
roof truss is called:
B. Longitudinal load
(A) Purlins (B) Bay
C. Lateral load
(C) Knee (D) Braces
Select the answer using the codes given
below: [SSC JE 2017]
(A) A and B (B) A and C A Assignment Questions
(C) B and C (D) A, B and C Q.1 The slenderness ratio of member in
[SSC JE 2016] trusses is approximately
Q.4 An angle section can be used as purlin (A) Less than 100
when slope of the roof truss is ____. (B) More than 40
(A) Between 400 and 700 (C) More than 100
(B) Less than 300 (D) More than 180
Q.2 For a roof truss in industrial building if (C) Cost of roof covering
the live load is given by 750N/m and if (D) 2 cost or purlins + cost of roof
slope of truss is 12 , the design live load covering
is Q.9 The compression member used in roof
(A) 610 N/m trusses and bracings are called as
(B) 710 N/m (A) Rafters (B) Booms
(C) 730 N/m (C) Struts (D) Knee brace
(D) None of the above Q.10 The economic spacing of roof trusses
Q.3 For economical spacing of roof truss, if t, depends on
p, r are the cost of truss, purlin and roof (A) Cost of purlins and cost of roof
coverings respectively, then covering
(A) T = p + r (B) T = 2p + r (B) Cost of roofing and dead loads
(C) T = p + 2r (D) T = p + 3r (C) Live loads and dead loads
Q.4 Minimum recommended rise of trusses (D) Cost of purlins and live loads
with GI sheets is Q.11 Structural member of the truss which are
(A) 1 in 4 (B) 1 in 6 supported on the principal rafter and
(C) 1 in 8 (D) 1 in 10 which run transverse to the truss are
Q.5 Design wind pressure coefficients on a called as
wall of industrial building with normal (A) Rafters (B) Purlins
permeability is (C) Sag tie (D) Struts
(A) 0.2 (B) 0.5 [MPSC-2012]
(C) 0.7 (D) 1.0 Q.12 Which section is used for design of strut?
Q.6 Maximum bending moment in roof (A) ISA (B) ISHB
purlins is taken as (C) ISMC (D) ISWB
(A) WL/10 (B) WL/20 [Haryana JE-2018]
(C) WL/40 (D) WL/50 Q.13 In roof trusses, the most frequently used
Q.7 Which IS code is used to consider the section is
wind loads? (A) Two- angle section placed back to back
(A) IS 875 (Part – I) (B) Two-channel section placed back to
(B) IS 875 (Part – II) back
(C) IS 875 (Part – III) (C) Two-channel section placed wide apart
(D) IS 875 (Part – IV) (D) Four – angle sections
Q.8 For economic spacing of tresses, the cost [NBCC-2017]
of truss should be equal to Q.14 The number of seismic zones in which the
(A) Cost of purlins + cost of roof country has been divided are
covering (A) 3 (B) 5
(B) Cost of purlins + 2 cost of roof (C) 6 (D) 4
covering [Chandigarh JE - 2016, PMB-JE-2018]
GATE ACADEMY ® Steel Structure : Roof Truss & Industrial Building 49
Q.15 According to IS 800, the slenderness ratio (D) Shape and height of the structure
of the bracing member shall be limited to Q.3 The Indian standard code used for wind
(A) 100 (B) 60 load analysis is
(C) 120 (D) 150 (A) IS 875 Part- 1 (B) IS 875 Part-2
[LMRC-2018] (C) IS 875 Part-3 (D) IS 875 Part-4
Q.16 The relation between intensity of wind [RPSC-VPITI-2016]
pressure p and wind velocity v on roof
Q.4 The design wind speed depends upon (a)
truss is considered as
risk coefficient (b) topography of the area
(A) p ∝ V (B) p ∝ V (c) size of the structure of the above,
(B) p ∝ 1/V (D) p ∝ V \ (A) (a) (b) are correct
[PMB JE-2018] (B) (b), (c) are correct
Q.17 The live load on flat roof ( in dwellings )
(C) (c), (a) are correct
where access is provided is generally
(D) (a), (b) and (c) are correct
taken to be _____ N/mm
(A) 1500 (B) 200 [RPSC-VPITI-2016]
(C) 150 (D) 2000 Q.5 Wind speed is measured by an instrument
called as______
[RPSC ACF – 2011]
Q.18 The basic wind speed is specified at (A) Reflectometer (B) Planimeter
height above mean ground level in open (C) Anemometer (D) Speedometer
terrain , the value of ‘h’ is______. [PEB-SUB ER.-2017]
(A) 10 m (B) 20 m Q.6 Dead load a building is
(C) 25 m (D) 50 m (A) Self- weight of the various
[RPSC ACF – 2011] components of the building
P Practice Questions (B) The external superimposed load on
the building
Q.1 A truss cannot resist the external loads in
(C) Both a and b
the original configuration but can resist
them after finite deformation is called (D) Neither a nor b [KPSC-JE]
(A) Statically unstable structure Q.7 Live load
(B) Geometrically unstable structure (A) Varies in magnitude
(C) Structurally unstable structure (B) Varies in position
(D) None of the above (C) Is expressed as uniformly distributed
Q.2 The wind load on a steel truss for an load
industrial building will depend upon (D) All of the above
(A) Location of the structure [KPSC-JE]
(B) Shape of the structure Q.8 Short compression member at the junction
(C) Location, shape and height of the of columns and roof trusses or beams are
structure called as
(A) Boom [AEC-2017]
(B) Principal rafter Q.11 The members which support covering
(C) Post material of a sloping roof are,
(D) Knee braces (A) Rafters (B) Purlins
Q.9 Generally purlins are planted at the panel (C) Battens (D) Struts
points so as to avoid [RPSC ACF – 2011]
(A) Shear force in rafter Q.12 To minimize the total cost of a roof truss,
(B) Axial force in rafter the ratio of the cost of truss to the cost of
(C) Deflection of rafter purlin shall be
(D) Bending moment in rafter (A) 1 (B) 2
[RPSC-ACF-2011, AEC-2017] (C) 3 (D) 4
Q.10 Purlins are provided in industrial [RPSC ACF – 2011]
buildings over roof trusses to carry dead Q.13 The external wind pressure acting on a
loads, live loads and wind loads. They are roof depends on
assumed as what type of beams as per IS (A) Degree of permeability of roof
800:1984 code? (B) Slope of roof
(A) Simply supported (C) Both (a) and (b)
(B) Continuous (D) Direction of slope of wind
(C) Fixed (E) None of the above
(D) Cantilever [HPSC AE – 2010]
1. The purlins of a roof truss having span and rise/span ratio of 16 m and 1/4, respectively are
supported at one-third points by sag rods as shown fig. The truss and purlins are placed 6.0 and
1.5 m c/c respectively. The structural steel if of grade 410. Design ((a) the sag roads for
consecutive purlins near the supports end of a roof truss and (b)!? ridge tie rod between ridge
purlins for the following data:
Ridge Corrugated
Tie road sheet roofing
Eave
Purlin
Sag Road
2m
1.5 m
1.5 m
2m
GATE ACADEMY ® Steel Structure : Roof Truss & Industrial Building 51
Self weight of purlins = 0.168 kN/m
Self weight of roofing system = 0.22 kN/m
Wind pressure = 1.250 kN/m
Answers Roof Truss & Industrial Building

MCQ Questions
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B
6. B 7. B
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A
6. A 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. A
11. B 12. A 13. A 14. D 15. C
16. B 17. A 18. A
Practice Questions
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C
6. A 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. B
11. B 12. B 13. D

7 Plastic Analysis
L L
M MCQ Questions (C) (D)
4 5
Q.1 The shape factor for a rectangular
[SSC JE 2017]
section is equal to:
Q.6 In case of a simply supported
(A) 1.00 (B) 1.50
rectangular beam of span L and loaded
(C) 1.70 (D) 2.34 with a central load W, the length of
[SSC JE 2005] elasto – plastic zone of the plastic hinge
Q.2 Shape factor for a circular section is is
equal to: L L
(A) (B)
(A) 1.00 (B) 1.50 2 3
(C) 2.34 (D) 1.70 L L
(C) (D)
[SSC JE 2010] 4 5
[SSC JE 2017]
Q.3 The shape factor of standard rolled
beam section varies from Q.7 In plastic analysis, the shape factor for a
rectangular section is,
(A) 1.10 to 1.20 (B) 1.20 to 1.30
(A) 1.4 (B) 1.5
(C) 1.30 to 1.40 (D) 1.40 to 1.50
(C) 1.6 (D) 1.7
[SSC JE 2017]
[SSC JE 2017]
Q.4 In plastic analysis, the shape factor for a
Q.8 If Q is load factor S is shape factor and
triangular section is
F is factor of safety in elastic design, the
(A) 1.5 (B) 1.34 following:
(C) 2.34 (D) 2.5 (A) Q = S + F (B) Q = S − F
[SSC JE 2017] (C) Q = F − S (D) Q = S × F
Q.5 In case of a simply supported I – section
[SSC JE 2017]
beam of span L and loaded with a
central load W, the length of elasto – A Assignment Questions
plastic zone of the plastic hinge is Q.1 The collapse load for a propped cantilever
L L of span l and subjected to uniformly
(A) (B)
2 3 distributed load is
GATE ACADEMY ® Steel Structure : Plastic Analysis 53
(A) 0.414l (B) 0.586l Q.6 In plastic theory, shape factor is defined
(C) 7.67M ⁄l (D) 11.656M ⁄l as the ration of
Q.2 Equilibrium condition, yield condition Plastic modulus of section
A
(M M and mechanism condition are to Elastic modulus of section
be satisfied by any correct plastic analysis Elastic modulus of section
B
result. Which of the above condition does Plastic modulus of section
the statical method (lower bound Shear modulus of section
C
theorem) of analysis consider ? Plastic modulus of section
(A) Equilibrium condition alone Plastic modulus of section
D
(B) Yield and mechanism condition shear modulus of section
Q.7 If Q is load factor S shape factor and F is
(C) Equilibrium and mechanism
factor of safety in elastic design . Pick up
conditions
the correct relation
(D) Equilibrium and yield conditions
(A) Q = S⁄F (B) Q = S F
Q.3 Which one is not an assumption in plastic
(C) Q = S F (D) Q = S – F
analysis of steel structures?
(A) A plane-section remains plane before Q.8 The section modulus and the plastic
and after bending modulus of a section are Z and P
respectively then its shape factor is given
(B) The fabrication of steel structures is
by
done in ductile steel
(A) Z/P (B) P/Z
(C) Effects of axial load and shear force
on a member are neglected (C) (P – Z)/p (D) (P – Z)/Z
(D) All of the above [TSPSC-AE-2015]
Q.4 A plastic member Q.9 The shape factor of structural steel section
(A) Dose not regain original shape after primarily depends on
removal of load producing (A) Poisson ratio
deformation (B) Poof stress of the material
(B) Regains its original shape after (C) Loading conditions
removal of load producing (D) Cross section geometry
deformation [Coal India - 2017]
(C) Regain its original shape after Q.10 Which of the following section will have
removal of load producing the maximum shape factor
deformation when heat is applied to it
(A) Square (B) Circular
(D) None of the above
(C) Diamond (D) Triangle
[GESCOM-AE]
[HPSC AE - 2010]
Q.5 Section modulus of a circular section of
Q.11 The value of the collapse load for a fixed
diameter d is
beam of span l, plastic moment m
(A) πd /64 (B) πd /32
subjected to a concentrated load W at the
(B) πd /16 (D) πd /8 mid-span, will be
[PHED-RAJ.]
(A) 4M ⁄l (B) 5M ⁄l Q.4 Section modulus is defined as the
(C) 6M ⁄l (D) 8M ⁄l (A) Ratio of bending stress to moment
[HPSC AE - 2010] (B) Ratio of bending moment to shear
Q.12 Generally, on a stress-strain plot for steel force
following points are observed (C) Ratio of shear force to the area
A: Elastic limit B: Yield point (D) Ratio of bending moment to stress
C: Ultimate strength D:Rupture strength [AEC-2017]
What is the right chronology of the Q.5 The assumption that plane section
appearance of the points during testing? remains plane under pure bending which
(A) D-A-B-C (B) A-C-B-D is valid for linear elastic material is not
exactly true for plastic bending
(C) A-C-D-B (D) A-B-C-D
(A) True
[DDA JE - 2018]
(B) False
P Practice Questions
(C) True if the material is nonlinear
Q.1 The plastic hinges formed in a collapse elastic
mechanism are 4 and the indeterminacy (D) True if the deformations are continuous
is 3 the collapse is
(A) Partial
[HPSC AE - 2010]
(B) Complete
Q.6 The moment capacity of a section at
(C) Over complete plastic hinge is
(D) None of the above (A) Zero
Q.2 In plastic analysis of steel structure, at the (B) Yield moment
location of plastic hinge
(C) Twice of yield moment
(A) Curvature is zero
(D) Fully plastic moment
(B) Curvature is infinite
(C) Moment is infinite
[HPSC AE - 2010]
(D) Moment is zero
Q.7 Ratio of plastic section modulus to elastic
[RPSC-VPITI-2016] section modulus for circular section is
Q.3 In plastic theory, among the given shape (A) 14/3π (B) 16/6π
of the cross section , which steel member
(C)16/3π (D) 9/5π
has the largest shape factor ?
(A) Rectangular
[HPSC AE - 2010]
(B) Diamond
Q.8 The static theorem of plastic analysis
(C) Solid circular
satisfies
(D) I-section
(A) Equilibrium and mechanism
[GETCL-2015] conditions
(B) Equilibrium and plastic moment (C) 102.5 kN-m (D) 125.45 kN-m
conditions [SSC JE 2019]
(C) Mechanism and plastic moment Q.11 For a fixed-end beam of length L and
conditions central point load of W. what will be the
(D) Equilibrium condition only value of W at collapse'? (Note: Plastic
(E) None of the above moment capacity of beam = M p )
[HPSC AE - 2010] (A) 6 M p /L (B) 10 M p /L
Q.9 A structure has two degrees of
indeterminacy the number of plastic (C) 9 M p /L (D) 8M p /L
hinges that would be formed at complete [SSC JE 2019]
collapse Q.15 Calculate the plastic section modulus of
(A) Zero (B) 1 a beam which is experiencing a
(C) 2 (D) 3 maximum bending moment of 590.63
(E) None of the above kN-m (take partial safety factor as 1.10
[HPSC AE - 2010] and yield strength of steel as 250 N/
Q.10 A simply supported beam of span 6 m mm2 ).
carries an ultimate UDL of 25 kN m. (A) 2246.64 cm 3 (B) 1568.16 cm 3
The plastic moment capacity of the (C) 1856.15 cm 3 (D) 2598.77 cm 3
same is
[SSC JE 2019]
(A) 146.85 kN-m (B) 112.5 kN-m
Q.1 Determine the shape factor and plastic moment of resistance M of l-section shown in fig. Also
compute the service moment a beam having this cross-section. Can support if f , f , f
250 MPa.
500 12
20
250
Q.2 A fixed ended beam span L as shown in fig. carries a conc. Load at the centre of the beam
determine the locations of the plastics hinges at collapse and express the plastics moment
capacity of the beam in terms of load at collapse, if the plastic moment capacity of the beam
for the beam for the left 2L/3 of the beam is twice that of remaining part.
Wu
L/2
2Mp
Mp
2L/3 L/3
Q.3 A propped cantilever ABCD fixed at A and propped at B with an overhang BD shown in fig.
carries a conc. Load W at the centre of the span AN and a load αW at the free end D,
Determine the value of α for which the required plastic moment capacity of the beam is the
max.
Wu αWu
C B Mp
A D
L/2 Mp L/2 L/2
Q.4 A portal frame ABCD pinned at the support A and C carries concentrated gravity loads on the
beam and a horizontal force at the beam level as shown in fig. Determine the value of the
collapse load.
Wu Wu Wu
Wu
B E F G C
a a a a
2Mp
Mp
2a
3a
2Mp
A
Answers Plastic Analysis
MCQ Questions
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D
6. B 7. B 8. D
1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B
6. A 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. D
11. D 12. D
Practice Questions
1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B
6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. B
11. D 12. D

8 General Design
Requirements & Miscellaneous
Q.5 According to IS: 800 – 1984, the
M MCQ Questions
permissible stress in axial tension steel
Q.1 For steel construction where secondary is: ( f y = minimum yield stress of steel)
effects are considered without wind or
earthquake loads, the permissible stress (A) 0.56 f y (B) 0.66 f y
on the members or connections as (C) 0.70 f y (D) 0.6 f y
specified, may be exceeded by:
[SSC JE 2011]
(A) 25% (B) 33% Q.6 The load factor applied to wind and
(C) 33.33% (D) 40% seismic loads in design of steel
[SSC JE 2005] structures is:
Q.2 The method of design of steel (A) 2.2 (B) 1.3
framework for greatest rigidity and (C) 1.5 (D) 1.8
economy in weight is known as [SSC JE 2014]
(A) Simple design Q.7 As per IS: 800, the factor of safety
adopted with respect to the yield stress
(B) Semi – rigid design
of steel is:
(C) Fully rigid design (A) 1.45 (B) 1.5
(D) None of these (C) 1.67 (D) 2.0
[SSC JE 2008] [SSC JE 2014]
Q.3 The permissible bending stress in steel Q.8 One cubic metre of mild steel weighs
is: about
(A) 1000 kg (B) 3625 kg
(A) 1500 kg/cm 2 (B) 1890 kg/cm 2
(C) 7850 kg (D) 12560 kg
(C) 1900 kg/cm 2 (D) 1300 kg/cm 2 [SSC JE 2015]
[SSC JE 2009] Q.9 If P is the wind pressure in kg/cm 2 , v is
Q.4 Minimum thickness of main steel the velocity in km/hour and k is
members not exposed to weather is: constant of proportionality then______.
(A) 4.5 mm (B) 6.0 mm (A) P = K / v 2 (B) v = K / P 2
(C) 8.0 mm (D) 8.5 mm (C) P = Kv 2 (D) P = Kv
[SSC JE 2010] [SSC JE 2016]
GATE ACADEMY ® Steel Structure : General Design Requirements & Miscellaneous 59
Q.10 Lug angle is (C) 5000 10 g/m
(A) Used with single angle member (D) 7850 10 g/m
(B) Not used with double angle [PEB-SUB ER.-2017]
member Q.7 A screw
(C) Used with channel member
(A) Is entirely full of threads
(D) All option are correct
(B) Have no threads
[SSC JE 2017]
(C) Is always fitted with nuts
A Assignment Questions (D) All of the above
Q.1 Allowable tensile stress in mild steel [GESCOM-AE]
rolled plates up to 20 mm thick (in MPa) Q.8 Which of the following options gives the
(A) 120 (B) 250 partial safety of collapse when stability
(C)180 (D) 200 against overloading is critical?
Q.2 The allowable direct tensile in structural (A) 1.5DL + 1.5WL
steel is (B) 1.2DL + 1.2WL
(A) 0.45f (B) 0.6f (C) 0.9DL + 1.5WL
(C) 0.66f (D) 0.75f (D) 1.4DL + 1.6 WL
where f yield or proof stress Q.9 The partial safety factor for
Q.3 One cubic meter of mild steel weight accompanying live load in DL +LL + CL
about combination for limit state of strength is
(A) 1000 kg (B) 3625 kg (A) 1.5 (B) 1.05
(C) 7850 kg (D) 12560 kg (C) 1 (D) 0.53
[Punjab JE.-2014, DDA-JE-2018] [LBS-ASST.PROE2017]
Q.4 The working stress for structural steel in Q.10 In medium carbon steel, carbon content
tension is of the order of varies from
(A) 15 N/mm (B) 75 N/mm (A) 0.25% to 0.60%
(C) 150 N/mm (D) 750 N/mm (B) 0.10% to 0.25%
Q.5 The yield strength of a steel specimen was
(C) 0.60% to 0.75%
found to be 500 N/mm . Taking the factor
(D) 0.75% to 1.00%
of safety to be 1.5, find out working stress
(A) 7500 (B) 333.33 [MPSC-2012]
(C) 3333.33 (D) 750 Q.11 The density of steel may be taken as
[PEB-SUB ER.-2017] (A) 78.5 quintal per cu.m.
Q.6 As per structural properties of structural (B) 7.85 quintal per sq.m.
steel, the unit mass of steel is_________ (C) 78.5 quintal per sq.m .
(A) 250 10 g/m (D) 7.85 quintal per cu.m.
(B) 7835 10 g/m [Haryana JE-2018]
Q.12 Which of the following is NOT a method (A) 1.50 (B) 1.00
recommended by IS 800 for assessing the (C) 1.15 (D) 1.25
period of structural adequacy of structural [DDA JE-2018]
steel design? Q.18 In case of steel design, the minimum
(A) Based on previous case studies in the value of stress, below which not more
local area than a specified percentage (usually 5
(B) By calculating the limiting percent ) of corresponding stresses of
temperature of steel sample tested are expected to occur is
(C) By direct application of single test called as
(D) Methods gives in specialist literature (A) Characteristic load
[Coal India - 2017] (B) Characteristic yield strength
Q.13 Whenever the earthquake or wind loading
(C) Plastic limit
is considered in design of a member, the
(D) Rupture limit
permissible stresses may be increased by
[DDA JE - 2018]
(A) 25% (B) 30%
(C) 33.33% (D) 35% Q.19 The coefficient of thermal expansion of
structural steel is taken as___10 per ℃.
Q.14 For the purpose of determining the
seismic forces, india is divided into …. (A) 12 (B) 10
zones. (C) 20 (D) 25
(A) 4 (B) 5 [DDA JE - 2018]
(C) 6 (D) 7 P Practice Questions
[RPSC ACF - 2011]
Q.1 Allowable tensile stress in high tension
Q.15 The maximum permissible shear stress in
steel plate up to 45 mm thick is about
a steel structural member as per IS 800 :
(in MPa)
1984 is
(A) 140 (B) 160
(A) 0.6 f (B) 0.66 f
(C) 185 (D) 230
(C) 0.45 f (D) 0.75 f
Q.2 The impure form of iron, containing
[HPSC AE - 2010]
carbon in between 2.0 to 4.5 % is known
Q.16 When the effect of wind or earthquake
as
load is taken into account, the permissible
(A) Stainless steel (B) Wrought iron
stress as specified in rivets may be
increased by (C) Steel (D) Cast iron
(A) 33.3% (B) 50% [Punjab JE.-2014]
(C) 10% (D) 25% Q.3 The structural advantages of using steel as
[HPSC AE - 2010] structural member is
Q.17 When assessing the strength of a (A) Small weight to strength ratio
structural member for the limit state of (B) High speed of erection
collapse, the values of partial safety factor (C) Speed of dismantling
for reinforcing steel should be taken as (D) Scrap value
Q.4 Mild steel is used for Q.9 The acceptable limit for the safety and
(A) Columns and struts serviceability requirements before failure
(B) Small sized water pipes occurs is called a
(C) Structural works in beams, joints and (A) Limit state

girders (B) Characteristics strength
(D) None of these (C) Working stress
[KPSC-AE] (D) Characteristics load
Q.5 Poisson ratio for steel lies between [Haryana JE-2018]
______ Q.10 The value of partial safety factor for steel
(A) 0.20 to 0.25 (B) 0.25 to 0.33 shall be taken as
(C) 0.35 to 0.40 (D) 0.45 to 0.50 (A) 1.5 (B) 1.25
[KPSC-JE] (C) 1.15 (D) 1.75
Q.6 The method of simple design of steel [Haryana JE-2018]
framework assumes that Q.11 The weight per meter of 20 mm diameter
(A) Beams are simply supported bar is
(B) All connections of beams, girders and (A) 1.58 kg (B) 3.85 kg
trusses are virtually flexible (C) 2.47 kg (D) 2.98 kg
(C) Member in compression are subjected [Haryana JE-2018]
to forces applied at appropriate Q.12 Galvanising means covering iron with a
eccentricities thin coat of
(D) All of the above (A) Tin (B) Zinc
[KPSC-JE] (C) Glaze (D) Coal tar
Q.7 The thickness of gusset plate should not [ISRO-2015]
be less than
Q.13 Which of the following section is most
(A) 6 mm (B) 8 mm efficient in carrying bending moments
(C) 10 mm (D) 12 mm (A) Rectangular (B) Circular
[PHED-RAJ.] (C) I-section (D) T- section
Q.8 Modulus of elasticity of steel shall be taken [NBCC-2017]
as
Q.14 The quality of structured steel is normally
(A) 200 kN/mm identified by
(B) 2 10 N/mm (A) Yield stress
(C) 2 10 N/mm (B) Ultimate stress
(D) 2 10 N/mm (C) Proof stress
[TSPSC-AE-2015, NBCC-2017, DDA- (D) None of these
JE-2018J [NBCC-2017]
Q.15 A channel section consist of Q.21 The effective length of the compression
(A) Two webs flange of cantilever beam which is built-in
(B) Two flanges at the support and free at end is
(C) Two webs and two flanges (A) L (B) 0.85L
(D) One web and two flanges (C) 0.5L (D) 2L
[NBCC-2017] [HPSC AE - 2010]
Q.16 Rolled steel equal and unequal angle Q.22 High carbon content in steel causes
section are designated as ISA following (A) Decrease in tensile strength but
by increase in ductility
(A) Length and thickness of legs (B) Increase in tensile strength but
decrease in ductility
(B) Width of flange and depth of web
(C) Decreases in both tensile strength and
(C) Depth of section
ductility
(D) Weight per meter length
(D) Increase in both tensile strength and
[ISRO-2017] ductility
Q.17 Generally, the ratio of fatigue life of [HPSC AE – 2010]
welded steel structure to fatigue life of
Q.23 According to IS 800,which of the
riveted steel structure is
following is NOT a limit state of
(A) Less than 1 (B) Equal to 1 durability consideration?
(C) Between 1 and 2 (D) Greater than 2 (A) Brittle fracture
[GETCL-2015] (B) Corrosion durability
Q.18 What is the poison’s ratio for structural (C) Fatigue crack
steel as recommended in IS 800? (D) Fire durability
(A) 0.15 (B) 0.3 [DDA JE-2018]
(C) 0.2 (D) 0.25 Q.24 The ability of a material to permanently
[Coal India - 2017] deform without breaking is called as
Q.19 If the factor of safety is applied to a load, (A) Strain hardening
then it is called as (B) Young’s modulus
(A) Safe load (B) Margin of (C) Ductility
safety (D) Brittleness
(C) Safety factor (D) Load factor [DDA JE-2018]
[AEC-2017] Q.25 Which of the following is NOT a limit
Q.20 The yield stress of mild steel of normally state of strength for structural steel design
rolled structural steel is above (in (A) Fatigue fracture
N/mm (B) Corrosion
(A) 240 to 260 (B) 330 to 360 (C) Excessive deformation
(C) 420 (D) 550 (D) Brittle fracture
[RPSC ACF - 2011] [DDA JE - 2018]
Q.26 Cast iron is manufactured by re-melting [SSC JE 2018]
_____ with coke and limestone. Q.29 In the design of structures. an additional
(A) Iron (B) Pig Iron lateral load considered, to account for
(C) Wrought iron (D) Cast Iron the initial imperfections of the structure
[SSC JE 2018] geometry is called:
Q.27 Wind load analysis can be done by (A) Damping load
using: (B) Notional load
(A) IS 875-Part 1 (B) IS 875 – Part 3 (C) Frictional drag load
(C) IS 875 – Part 2 (D) IS 875 – Part 5 (D) Rotational load
[SSC JE 2018] [SSC JE 2018]
Q.28 A load value obtained by multiplying Q.30 For a structural element in steel
the characteristic load with load factor is structure, which of the following is a
known as limit state of strength?
(A) Design spectrum (A) Durability (B) Torsion
(B) Fatigue load (C) File (D) Deflection
(C) Dead load [SSC JE 2019]
(D) Designed load
Answers General Design Requirements & Miscellaneous
MCQ Questions
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D
6. C 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. D
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B
6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. A
11. A 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. C
16. D 17. C 18. B 19. A
Practice Questions
1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B
6. D 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. C
11. C 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
16. A 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. A
21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B
26. B 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. B
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Table of Contents

Sr. Chapter Pages

2. Tension Member ……………………….……………….……………..………………………. 14

3. Compression Member ……….…………………………………………………...…………. 21

5. Plate Girder ………………………………..…………………………………………………..…. 42

6. Roof Truss & Industrial Building ……..………………………..……………………..…. 47

7. Plastic Analysis ……………………….……………………..………………………………..…. 52

8. General Design Requirements & Miscellaneous ……..……………………….…. 58

(A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 20 degrees (D) 75 degrees

(C) 16 (D) 17 [AEC-2017]

[KPSC-AE] Q.23 For a standard 45° fillet weld, the ratio

350 kN 2LS 75 x 75 x 6 150 kN

Gusset plate 10 mm thick

400 250 400 250

B nd ∑ t Q.11 In angle section of size

Q.2 Determine the tensile capacity of the section shown in figure. If

Answers Tension Member

𝛌 90 100 110 120

C Conventional Practice Questions

f 250 MPa; L 6.0 mm; t 20 mm; t 30 mm

Answers Plate Girder

Answers Roof Truss & Industrial Building

(C) Structural works in beams, joints and (A) Limit state

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