Lis Na6507

‫@ @‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬

‫
‬
‫ ‬
‫
‬
‫ ‪!"#‬‬
‫
‬
‫
‬
‫"!
‬

‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳـــﻢ‬
٥
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ‬.‫ﺩ‬
*" +,*-" +*. %*&" * */
,0 ,# 1* %& '" ()" ,#
423"
**@A %*& , :(* *;< *=>, ?*: / 6 9 *78 :* *
J *I *I" ,+*7 **A" +*
8 *G/ ?*C *:F E9*,DB"
H* C *% & '()$ ** *
?:0*S
C *I" 4*
O0Q
R *P
O ?I*, EJP "
9 ,+:
9=DJKJ & ;LM N< 3)8O
:U/ ,(
=A ;?&F 10" N<
(U** U>"**S Y ,** Z**;7M" ,V** ** **
W L!** X**S +**0
*P" (*,& _ ,*] *3 V'* ^P"" ,\
7& XS : -["
:
4
a N6 C Z/;:
R J D J '

C \U N" ,! `
*U
& *= */ " ,?/M8" ?/
D 9 ? ;, HW Y \> +0
4U/ b0 H" 6
c 3" ,+>"S" / H3 C bc
:
e J D ,N* \*A *;d _ H*-[ +
*SM"
a*M J JD , *
&F b*/ N*<
M
: 9 J ,+MS
4;
R J R D J ,(&, +86
a N 2'
M" J D 9 ?0M" JD D 9
&M %F (L! (S h ,( ,; fg" H8[ & ,
9J
4U/ ! +
F
9 :
a*K ,a;*< .*7 *U] *" ,
)*W ] ;/ &7 c
* *
=A N*&F %*& j*" ,V* _ i* & h ,?
4.7 ]S
k
%*M" ,*I" (*U U[*" ,V*
W =>, HW
h** ,U)*
e *[M ?** **
W H**
Q Q'** \**A \** ,\)**8 \**A **Uc _ V**
4l;&" m
I ]
W _" ,\< U,P" H
Y ^
PM
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬
٦
D DAD
,+p'" / ;q7 @
" , ;/ Wo ,] & N< n
*U" ,?&*S
k l)[M H ?] 0F" ,+
8 ))[
B d aB %&
2r*@ +*
8 s*" */ _ n
Q* *U *;J r*" ;HWo & +
8
4()
_ **I" )** %**& "**& ** **-[" – N**< t**I nI'**; **I"
O " \* _ )*I
*Sc O ]* ; *I *
v – +*7pI" ?* u*, 1- m
,M
_ *I *;/ *&" , *
pL! \*A _ h*! %*& *> nW[A ;+<
L*&
O " *U!
O *<; a" , ,M< )7
O A V x/&" ,] w;[M
?** w]**/ Z**A" **

Z**< ** **@A E* D D **@ yQ**A" ,0
'*
9 *& O *0 "
*;d _ h*! %F (S fWA
O ,w;[" m
K Z0! _ ) %SM
?**S _ **G/" h**,
e 1**c **
** xr** t**7 **/W" ,N**<
_ *U
& *> H*<M
9 D C ZA : 9 : V8
z J J q : D D _ "M <M
N< H
D
X**S" ,y**S X**S" ,V'** ^**P"" ,\**
7& ** X**S :?**]" ,?**S
*& r*& r*@ E'*" 4hU h]" ,^;) XS" ,\
U' XS" ,\)W
4N< {fI 1c ? U| I 0F" , =>,
:
,/ \] /Mp %& @ Z D ,UDD D: (S" , ,M< < A
c
J >R" O
z : D
* *U
& E7W*S
J k H*Wo * D D:
& ,< EWM
*I" , *
7 D
,*I" (U \< , (US U/
D D D D I r] @A < ,/ }
_ >,'
42P" +&6 _
'"
!
O / '; " ,@ hW/;" U W/; # 1Q"
!"#

!"
*] − ~;
‫ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﺄﺛﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﺄﺛﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫‪4(f"" \7 ;LM d8
M‬‬
‫& [‪N‬‬
‫" >‪4 %W) + Z> % M # Z‬‬
‫" >‪aU Z> 44N Z> " 44N Z>44? ?,/ Z‬‬
‫
? ‪444a " N \q8 %& Z< \q8 a;< .7 @ 1L0‬‬
‫" >‪4U
F +] i-" 444 U
& K" @ ?D: /&J
Z‬‬
‫‪+
8 (; '> 2M." 44; 2- XS" , % M # 2] 9D"D‬‬
‫ ‪44a
c N " ,44\
c " ,44\
c‬‬ ‫‪O‬‬ ‫&‪ 7‬‬
‫"
‪4 /' " H
c‬‬
‫"‪444 0; UU7WM %& 1,I‬‬
‫‪4a ( ?] F‬‬
‫"‪4; _ 7= XW‬‬
‫"‪44, " X-F Z,‬‬
‫= ‪?,‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣـــﺔ‬
٩
DCBA

4
! +,-" +. %&" ,# 1 %& '" ()" ,#
:
+
,*] *3 */ *I Z*

MM %*& +* ! .% & '()- N*A rU8
* +
8 H=A" ,"- +,A np" ,7' 2 C hp +
8 E !"
4Z (OD:Ar9M"
D ,ZB : 9PD
O D 9 J <
,N& &/-" = N
D
*,6 * *- \*
*/ \
U'*M J
N*< r*] n
Q*M %F u&, A"
'" ,m/ N-" ,f '> %& 0&
O <
;H87= N-"
R
4%/ \[
,X*" ,*" ,aG/*" ,*=/ *U

W8 ; *&/" *! J JJ
` (
=A / a& ZA"
*78 ,;*- Z*A *" ,n
/)* )*7 m8; J : J U/ E70 I" ,
S"
*, _* */" ,?*/
; %W)*
* *
"* h! E70
* A* _* */" ,y*> *
c * A '
/" ,'>
*,&
; _< /" ,
& A %W) /" , ' ?/'>
i)*" */ _ _*" ,# ,&
a / ,& A \ /" ,?/
a** \**
" ,?**! 2**,& A** x**/ m**
," , **
/ Z**
,> A**
4\
7 > ,&
A a "
4a
7' ) %F /;U;" /78; # 1Q"
‫‪١٠‬‬
‫‪:+ _ x; 1I‬‬
‫‪: : Z****
&D 3D **** \****8‬‬ ‫"‪9 : D F‬‬‫‪9:D‬‬
‫"&****‬
‫‪D D D +****
8‬‬ ‫‪D 9‬‬ ‫‪9 D C D D‬‬ ‫‪D D D '*****8‬‬
‫[*****‬ ‫&
‪C J D *****,‬‬
‫‪O 9 D *****M‬‬
‫
‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜـﻮﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬
١١
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬
n
*M */]" 3F *I *!; *<; *8 ,*/ Z*< (*c
,<
,s*0 %*F *&/ *d t*7 *; *U
& (
'*; (*G/" ,x*/ _ (
=A
:?]"
x*[L \)*W
C e *A :./0- −
" ,*] / H ?/! 3 h
,*****] /**** H Z****! ****3 ****
8<" ,*****] /**** H
"r**S" **/ **I" ,***] /** H "**!.
k **3 **
"!g
e "
D 9 J :
G/ US " ,x)0 ] 3 Z]r
x;
4*] / H V
W" ,*] H
X**S" ,***] H
** ; **3 \)**W X**S ***A :./0 12- −
,
p
q* *pW ** %'* ?*!" **] H ?*P
k
8<
,?6
'*" ,\*
7& *" ,x aI " ,a|/ 3
W XS"
4a]
B" yS "
%*& ,)*" ,\*
7& * %*& xq*[
S> *A :.1 324- −
4^;) %& x]
S>" ,yS
%& x]
S> %& ?)
;
S> *A :.32 324- −
4^;)
R * +**
7; ** ?**]" :.560- −
%**& H**G>" ,H**
M ** *
47 XS %& ?&'
S> %& ?,0 H;7M *A
S
u;** )** _" 4\p'**" ,?** ***A **c n
0)**M **/]" −
" ?**7
, **/" ,?W
|** **/" ,?W**- /**A ;n
**M H**U|
4x/ m
,
١٢
:/0 7%089
a*
*M * +*
8 ,) %& / N ] f/&3 A
H* %*G; I > F \ ,U
& (
=< X" 0!" rU" ,+
,=M"
:
*;/ Z*< E*U8 N*A _ *G/ <;" ,]
B"
"!g *A ,X"
C e
4V _ a] %& iI ?qW xU ,& A &,
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬
١٣
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜـــﻼﻡ‬
::
;
**A *9 *W;: J a** **8 ,**8 ** %**& 3F **7
7> **< m**;
9 J **8 ,**
W **W **]
O
43I
:
0 12
:= & #
; :*<# $
(**/ E**!c
J :x ;(**/ J 9
D D C E**GW" D D D C E**A
(**= J :**/7A ,?**" X**
: : J ,) : b[;
4h'
J + '

J D D 9 D +GW D J J 9 D xr < VrA" 4U>6"
J9
:1:>?9 &
@
,(**S" ,** :***A 6(6; , **
pU i"** Y** %**& \** H**-
:\*= ,(' pqA 6;

Ar*; ?*& @ " ;< ]| ] ,]0"
J R
/*! *GW " ,W*8 ,?*] :x ,] *S nW)*M */]" ,*] Ar*; :x ,+*"
** +**8p **<; ** :\**U8 ;\ '**" \**U \**M **d V**" , **<
1; 3 W +08 ;; N7 L; :0 ,%/ f hP U q; a" i"
%'*;" ,h*P h*P" * ¡
*S O %C'D*;J 8 ,%/ %&
O
* +*0 ; *A 3" 3*I
**GW *A \**<8 $ +;,
* 1**I r*<] ,*@ ¢**W i"*> **& +*0 ; *GW
O W8 , A GW \A
"
l*c *8 ,%*/ +
" %/ + \; F
4Z); a %/ + W
:?*]" ,*A
O E'*
" *< 2
W;
WM d8 ; 1" W b[;"
**0 ,*7D "
J ,−}**[ :x− **<" ,=*
O * Z]r**;
** l[**S %**F (**S
4 :V 3 ,\
U' XS
4 :
; 3 ,\)W XS
١٤
D J D − Z)De/" , -)[ & %& h-

:x ;−/- :
q" ,iA
,m*; H* A ]
B" , ,7 U! %& 1 N :*A )/ H
4Z! (S ]" ,L"
‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬
:'I %F W a'7/;
: # <# :AB C6

:>- +"
1*I 4E*
,(*S ,*8 :*0 ,*W %*/ %*& 1*; W ] :D% %8 −
;* %*& 1 F" ,(*>" (* +* W*; * :/] W " :?SU
* :*W" ,=AQ*8
A ZAM :ZA :W 1I" ,1!A
4*] (>" ( + W
/& ZA ; B :*8 ,2/ fL! %& +GW fL! 1; 3 :6E% %8 −N
v D D – # ,&" ,
7;W
C – a&
4 76/ /& W ,(/ /& ZA
:A6 :FG C6

*
B " *
W
O ,*,A
O " *A W
O C '0 + m0 W \A ]"
%/ %& 1"
1*I *U8 ,*; *B :*0 _ 1*7 *W/;" ,a<" ,<" < \
8 ,
W
;**<
**" ,**W %**& 3F m**M 3 **<" ,Z**A +**0 ; **<
**"
4=AQ8 HA K ZAM :a< ;a<
" ,
W l[ <
O
" ,W +08 ,L; :; N7A U
43I O A 17 b[;"
4 j

&7
4 j / I X / \
M
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬
١٥
H*,AA ?&*/ " ,\*!" *;LA ?)[ hP 1; :1 "
4+;)*M _ Ar* ^;)* Z>*- V
<M 7 aD 9;J /] " ,H"
4,) +I
: :HG C6

:/#
; I
/*! +*0 ;W* ¤* ; a*" ,*] * ^/! +
F" 4W 1I : < :AB
*,;7 */! 1 *" ,Z*;I /*! 17" ,\ '" \U \;

4G/ \] /& Z,
O sP W ?] : < :FG
,\*
7& *3 n; r]" ,W %/
:\p7 1I _ A ,1 m0 \; +0 ;17 ¤ ; a"
?***: / 9 D ***D **
9 D HD¥ D D *;"
9 *ID ** 9 D J **
O *U ?******: /I
9 D 1******I" ~J *****
9 * D D *9
D ¥*****
4{Q
A ,%/ f! i>" ,\ 8" ,a :%F a'7/M <"
: :J C6
D *AC DMD ** *]"

,**; **I **I :\**= ,%**/ **8 f* ,=AQ**8 H**A **K ** Z*
4; f! F :\= ,W; 9 : J a :/o §CBA¦ :% M +7A"
4− :V
W yS XS %& ,)
S>
4 :\
7& XS
N*A _ "" ,*> +,'*/; a*" , , :
* ; 3 ,\)W XS _ E
, r] "
4 ¨ ( ,7 XS" ,G/ " , :i)0
+* U; %& 17 m6 u
> ,?/I 1I" :+I _ ]" , L!
, r]
4
, + 1M" 1
١٦
:D(# M + ,: :KL C6
H<'* '*; u*
*M (*p8 *8 Z*
AM \A" ,
W W :] <
\*& :x ,\*&" ,m* f*!" ,Z*;I )*/ :*0 ,*A
O " , ! %';J +
&
4E0
:O A
R S P U R R R <

P T P 4S T
W
X VQ ! P S
T )
P S 60
P S ) P S
T (# Q T #P S S%:
Q SS
*[$PZ
S Q T S PR S
T S S IS R
P S : 8
P S A6 T S R S Y4
Q P S P S QQ
R
S

3F +F 3 :aUI 0 ,< @ ;" mM I < %F ,o; I A @ A" :+7 S
%*F (SF :/o §®¬«ª©¨¦ :% M # 1I 0" ,jc A ,#
\?+- :'" () +
& 1I" ,§¦¥¤£¢¡~¦ :% M +I
:y*S X*S" ,:\*
7& * :*G/; 4.!E ^ : 732 ! 9+ :(] 82 I
4 ,
‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
١٧
(‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪ‬

:
'I %F a'7/M
:(
# M :AB
ÞÝÜÛÚ¦ :%* M # 1*I *0 ,_` !
# *,M ? ?]"
xwv¦ :%*** M +***I ***0 ,+ + , : *** §âáàß
, :f** §srqp¦ :\**= ,a !
W + , :\**/ §y
4\&W Zp0" \ W " ,\&W" \ W :
]/A"
:()9 M :FG

*, :*]
* ]/A" ,J + ,b%G + , # a ,M ? ?]"
*>" ,f*
,0 *K" f " ,&S ;/" ,0 a :0 ,¤["
C U7,* *" U
* %*& * %7,M" ,H]6
" F v H/o" ,# aU>;
4:W03 §}|{z¦ :0 ,©c >F
*! O ¤*[ f?; I"
` " :^*W §JIHG¦ :+*I *0 ,*8|
¤**[ r**] %'**;" ,:**/§§¦¥¦ :%** M +**I **0 ,"**"
O
*I +*0 ; * +,*S "*" * " iG ?
D R J 0F" 4 +,S a]/&
4U/& N0" <
F *< h* *< Z*
AM ] :aU7 ;/ 2/& xr / ] r]"
**M" ¤**[ h**I '**; +** xr** \
,'** %**& ,c ** m** M ]**> **A
4(pW
4 :\)W XS

١٨
4/ Z
AM :%';"
,
**< {Q**M **]" ,**8 Z**
AM **] :Z**
A ** **c. s**0 **/]"
,
*7
7> f* *0A * (*>" *7
7> f* (*>" A U M" ,U,A8
4Hq>" ,NA x :0 ,& _ <;" ,\7/ \
,I ]"
:V:V _c+ d(0W

:&"e d
X −
EW
*P ,>* *,&" ,# *,& :*0 ,+
F iq" iq < ]"
4(> < \= M)8 ,
0= %F %"
: %)e d
X −N
,*c %*F ]*>F Z'*/M
*A Z*AM ]" , ! ?< ]"
" ,m* *!" ,%* *! :*0 ,+*&8 h* \* 8 *
8 ! F ZA;"
:*0 ,¤*c" *, :
* ! F" 4 D D
9 D
C J :0 ,+&8 Zp0 h \ 8
,m*/ *;
v E*;" ,m/ ;
v f! :17/8 ,l[S + ?DRJ F ,m/ ;
4m/ ;L
v H"
:3f d
X −b
H]*S
J :*0 ,(*> <A M- %> !L
A ZAM ]"
4Hq
D H" D
J 9 D ,V,
: D : * V" ,¤[ W ¤ ; a" ,/ ,&

\*,I k 0F" :
; 1I 4 :\)W XS
¤*c \*<8e ,UW*3" ?*U/"
9 * * 2*
B" ,¤*[ \*; /* k ,¤*[ * a&
e /
k *M 3 ;%*/ *U! * ¤*[ %*F h
h!
%*/ J A F" ,O¤c /' \A
" ,v/'
4+8&8 ,?U/" UW3 VrA" 4V
I : J 9 D :aIJ :/I
J D Z6
J 9
4 :\)W XS
‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
١٩
4i" ,\ W" ,a3 :'I KK %F < a'7/M
:*$)9 :AB
L
" ,'
B " ' f?S %& ©r 1M ? < ]"
,\*! :0 ,
> " ,?&" , :0 ,'0F %& 1M I" ,U3 fL!
O
4(S" ,\8kJ :0 ,H,0 " ,N" ,)I :0 ,! " ,8"
:)9 5:8
:H ?; a3 i ;
D9J
:M −+
**; ** H** :**0 _ V** \**A h**;" ,iq** **F" ,i** **F
*; \* D!D 9*"
D 4iq* " ;" ,i " B *8 ,\PW
*]" ?GW +0 N)" ,x/ \ %F Z]DrD8D \
7& A 8P "
O
, **
, 2J*C *8 **;L * 0
O \**
7& ** +** 8 \**PW ** ,**0A **A iq**
E* 0 \*PW" , :9: f, ]" s, _ \ " +0 N)"
4
:%0 −h
O
,WI"" ` +*IWM" ,-""
c O O a*3 *c. m*M /A 0 ]"
GW
fL! 1; 3" ,L +

/, ~ ; 3" ,+'W0 _ %/ %& 1; W ] :+7 W)& +J8D&
C
z %& +pL!
4 :N7 XS 42/ fL! fL!
:&* 1*I A ?
W 17M" ,;/M
0=" , A %" :00 U
W8 ,W
P / bc
:_
' +;,
NA XS :G0 4W
P n
q f! n
P f! F
4
- U8"> 3" <
/ \- E'
,(p 0 d x
4)/A f/K " mW0A 1" m; + bc
٢٠
z
:***0" ,***c. +;,
**
*" +;,
'*** H*** :***0" ,**
v *; :***0 ,***
AM ***

4 : I §dcb¦ :% M +I _ ,r¡/
> z z
:0" ,H'
:7% −
%*& f*/ 1*; F ;*;
J *; :\*= ,(*/ *< <M :f/ "
4a /
:*A+$ −
, **- 1 " ,**" ,a**7" ,N**< :**0 , **8
R **@ **"
J D 9 J a*3 ;a*3 *-c
*,[; ` n*; *A *0F" ,m* %& \cM ? ?]"
J
" ,(<0 <; ¤[ 7
7>" ,v¤c \ W" J D 9 "
, 8 3F <; 3 +/& ,[ J ,+/&
+*0 ;i* n*; M q*;
O ^);k 3" ,(p8 Z6[ +
8 <; a 8 \ W A
9 J a +0" ,+- %& +p7, &F

i* +,*; O i)/ N a m>
< ;/M ]"
4i) ;/M" ,q;
O
/< ;/M %';"
C D J ,i) h/
8 \ W 3" ,%D/,
8
9J
4]
</M %& 3
/, f¥ m>
</ ;/M ]"

*> ;*/ F :_* */ _ 1*I ,a'* Ar h! _ / 7 x : 7 ;/M ]"
*
v :*0 ª *A ,+*8"> \<*" ,a*M O *<; a3 c. m;
k *I a*3 V* %*&
*

O Ar h! H< VM hM
> ;/ Z]r; ; < 4a&
v a
>
v ,NrU
v

v ,8'
v
%*& 1*
h* ª m*,;
D a9 a
D ?&
,rU /
,"8' " :17/8
*" 4h* *c. ª %* */ +* E>" ,%Wc I +0 (/ ; ?W ª +
& 1; A
h*! 4
M*pL f*" n * [ h " ,a' Ar h! ª 3F (!
B E0A
<
,y= ª ;/ L; i)0 A − h! ]A"− +M7" a' u0o
O
*7 ;*/M x *
>/ 2r*]
/K3
1 a;" ,a' Ar h! ª / 7
H'* _ ;*/ Vr*<8 ,/ +/& /P&" a' _ ;/ /8r> /0 <8 ,( fPF
4a' Ar h! _ / \7;
:
cb¦ :1**= r**] _ ;**7" ,i"r** **& **P& D 9 D ,~*D * ;**/M **]"
O a**3 m*J *;"
47 X" E
> :x §d
٢١
+*0< n*-; 3 f?* fL*!" ,*U/ fL*A - \ W" a3 _ 2/ A
4a3 )[ 1 n; ( E0A Vr8 ,(<0 3" 8
:(j %)e − i
,a* :*; :**8 ,*; f*! :1*7M ,(*pW +* \)*M * a*3 Z'/M Q V"
( '* ,'*/8 ,H * :1*7M" 4f?* +/& H¤c :x ,+
F \ W /F \

,Z*6[ *>W" ,a<* q ?]" ,U
%& 1; \&W ? f
4 ,6[ ('<"

‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺳـــﻢ‬
:8 Ik ]08 :9+
@
:'I KK %F a'7/;
:*il$ ISkPQ −+
` ,(*<0 *8 *A f* ,+UW %& 3 ^P" A ]"
:%*& 3
4V
B " ,H,0 " ,! " ,
>
:` −h
,a*0" ,E*0 :*0 dEL
P ,0" ,0 :*A 0
P A f
4+P;"
R 2'W; %F b; > \A _ ]" ,?]" ,] :*A ,](m
P
:I] −
**
B **U3 ; **U, E
**" , **- f** " ,(**S f** :***A
_" ,
'*> (*SF * +,>)*; * :(*S a* _ *] ,?!*c f? 3F P"
4 :\)W XS

٢٢
a %&
"!g
e J XS _ x] )I" ,1- - :1- a3
C e +
& ~&" ,aU, _ 1- \c; a8 ,(S
4X
:H(cn0 (o0 ]08 :(cV

@
4u0o" ,Ar :%F a'7/;
:o )9 −[
J D J ,A %& 1 ]"
r]" ,\! r] :VI 0 ,r] (S a +
F ;"
4NA r]" ,8
:HcZ −p
:&0 ]" ,2r] (S a +
F ;" ,%=0 %& 1 ]"
m*;6 *& +*/M A " ,\/;" ; xr ]" :36(6 HcZ :i4+
,(7
C " ,(]| u
0QM & ?7
7 u0o W _ 3" ,;W" Y
,
4 ;" ,(7" ,/]" ,%" , /
< :\=
+**GW **A f** ,\**/; 3" **; 3 xr** **]" ;rM HcZ :q
4" , **S :\**= ,D6 ,(**p" , /
W** :***A ,Dil u**
0QM ** **[
O
4N & s' ] ;
` O < u
0QM 8 %F \
,'"
=
0QM
:H(cn0 5:8
** **7; 3" 4~ – (L**;L& :\**= _ ,(**7 " (]**G u**
0Q f**M –
:*0 ,
)* _ *U&! *] (*7 f* *A \*
" ,f* 3F u*
0Q H&
4(D;9"DJ : , qD;9DJ :~
D 9 J :\= _ ,()7 u
0Q n −N
4P – – – %,>
4f
& – f/'> – fS& :\= _ ,(" u
0Q n − *!
٢٣
O
q* & –
f?*8 ,U'*, (*; N*K :\*= , *< %*& *=0o
C =0o
4 =0o NK %& 1 O ]
q

‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬
:C+
+ bj I`
%8 HcZ C6%
:%
3k# HcZ −+
,D 9*"
J , *68 :\*= ,u*
0Q *& +7" ,?7
7> u0o %& 1 ]"
4f'/["
:'6W %
HcZ −h
,*/]" , * :\*= ,u*
0Q *& +*7M a" ,?7
7> u0o %& 1 ]"
4Z/;" ,10"
:'6W 3k# HcZ −
, *6" ,(L*>" ,(*/& :\*= ,u*
0Q *& +*7" ,Ar %& 1 ]"
4 ;" " , ,D9&"
J
:rM HcZ −
:\*= ,u0o
O N +&" ,?7
7>
B u0o %& 1 ]"
4(q/" ,f-" ,
&" ," ,~ " ,

٢٤
‫ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬

:#
;
r*] %*/ " ,*L +*
/, ~ ;" ,+'W0 _ %/ %& 1; W :!
#
:s0 KK \ W8 r ; K= / >Q 07
O %& 1; :] \ W
* \*,I ?P L _ \ W "> %& 1 C ]" :3" !
# −
4LB" ,¬L" ,NS" ,NP :*A ,a<
,\,7'* " ,*P L _ \ W "> %& 1CD ]" :_` −
4xM ,m/; ,N; ,Nq; :0
C ** **]" :B −
:**0 ,\,7'** L** _ \** W "**> Z**6 %**& 1
42
B 2L
M
J R H& U/ s0 \<" ,A
9 ,ZA
9

‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬
:/0:8 3" !
#
4E0
9 " ,E7
9 " ,E0
9 :\= , /A' u
0Q fM 2c. _ \,7; −
E/'>
D :" ,a< E
M
J :\= , A \&W fM 2c. _ \,7; −N
:
4 ,6[ E; :" ,Z6[

‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬
:{Q; (>" \,7; :sq \ W &"
v : E*
** \*U D *W; *" ,^/*M
D y'**; :\*= ,+**
& Z)*/ H" 1*c –
4N7
4 :N7 XS

٢٥
§LKJI¦ :%** M +**I **0 ,+**

& L** H" 1**c –N
4 :jc
§ÃÂÁÀ¦ :%** M +**I \**= ,+**" _
'** \**,7; −***!
4 :7 §ÛÚÙØ×¦ :+I" , :E)8
§ÁÀ¿¦ :%** M +**I **0 ,+**
& i** :1**c \**,7; −
4 :IW
4Z )
C U'
C :\=
A 0 + \)M − *]
*3 * ,q*;
O * \ W & ?] \ ,sq l[M 3 2r]"
4Z %& \ W
:> +" ,& sq"
O
:*0 ,3*- *UA E*0A f* ,i> +/ ?P A F +" aq;
D J −
4:<9;J :+&q" ,DA9D :0 ,p
O Uq A ,b>;D J :+&q" ,b>
*=A " ,Z*<; Z*A :\*= ,i*> * \I +
P A F +" ^W;9 J −N
4m/; m0 :0 i>

‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬
:*
A y*0 " , *,6[ f*; 1*,I h* ,Z* %*& *3 :+*M& "
4 :a; §DCBA¦ :% M 1I , W
W[ "
7=
,?***S" ,?***A :1*** 8 8 , :\**/ §jihgfe¦ :1***I"
%*& *3 h* , *,6[ f*; 1*,I V* %*& \
*" ,*¥ :?<*" ,xI"
4Z
٢٦
:*0 , *W
W[ – +
)* Z* %*& +*3 h –
A y/ \ W 1,I"
4CD:,I :0
7=" ,
9 D :,I
*
A y*0 *>F " , *,6[ f*; 1*,I " Z* %& < E C 8
1** 8 *" ,n*WA :%*/ +*z *D " ,E<* :%*/ +*-
z :\**= ,\* 8 a* E*0A
D
C J D :
:?A i[ U
8" ,1 M ,H] ,a]
: i
X −[
: U
8"
D 9 *MJ a**" (**>" **> E**L F E**p %**/ ** \** 8 a** :bB
%**F /'*
:%** M +**I \*= , **& " ,*W H/* D : *
9 J f** ,*UGW n**[; 3" ,pq*
;** \**] ** ?**]" ,**/
F **p :x , :NL**> §tsrq¦
C J :7; ad
4>" W &" ,
/K3" ,> a]
9 D Z'* pq* *U78 ,1* 8 p \= \ 8 :(cG
,+*
F (/'* ?*] *
C J :*> *7; a*d ;a
*M ?*/ * ?*]" ,*]
:
*/K" ,a*] e ,a]
C :17
8
R J D :(>" ,]
4?] CJ
D 9 J :('/ &" ,] : &" ,]
:5i −p
J _ 3F p
4]M] O ('< f" ,M] ,
M] ,
M] ,{] :17M
:A
; −s
O >W " ,D
9D DMD , M
:
*<
M] 3" ,p D ,
M ,? M
9
D :17M
4 \ 8 dA %& \
,6[ f; U,I" Z %& ,1 M ,H]

4 :+;,
' ,N< :G/;" , :¤ ,Zq7
٢٧
‫ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
4+'W0 _ 3 2
B _ %/ %& 1; W ]"
,\* W H*& * 3" ,a*3 H*& * ¡
*S D 9 D 3 +0 i &"
O \,7;
4_" ,a" ,\] :\=

‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑ‬
:s0 KK i""
:7)B t0L _c −+
J 9*>D \D* :!J Vr" , i"> :?]" ,U
8 \
8 ,U
& 3F \c; 3
* i
4f jc ;a 2 %& &
:A
WB t0L _c −h
# 1I \= ,Z)/ H"" L H" :]" U
8 \
8 U
& 3F \c; 3
¹¸¶¦ :%*** M +***I ***0" , :j***c §LKJI¦ :%*** M
*
8 Z)*/" L & d ;8> ,a 9: \<8 , :w* §º
41 8 ]
:A
WB 7)B b 8 ! u0 _c −
i* \*c *78 ,:'*0 §°¯®¬¦ :%* M +I 0 ,\] :\=
:i \c 78 , :f
,0 §edc¦ :+I" ,\ W %& \]
¶µ´³²±°¦ :%* M +I 0 ," ,a3 %& \]
4 W)& 3 ,N7 XS

٢٨
%*& * Ec u

> , :*& 1. §¾½¼»º¹¸
4a3 %& Ec 78 :E)8 §ìëêé¦ :+I" ,\ W

_ ?]" ,
[ %F ;> ?]" ,U
/ _
I i""
4 ¡ ,M <M 3
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ‬
٢٩
‫ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬:‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‬
:#
;
4H,= @ ;D J W- %& f?S %& f?S hP" : f/,
*c \* E*Wc *" 2*c. \<*S *
; 3 :(% 1:>? &
f3o*] _ (LU*8 ,*< _ +* I *
M
C *U 2*c. \<*S *
; 3 ] " ,+
&
:
H*" ,f3o*] :
E*;" ,f3o*] f*! :\*= ,\* E*Wc *" ,*p
O ('<
V* h*" ,\*&8 h*8 \* _ *
/, f3o] A E I" :1" 1= ?W8 ,f3o@:
E* I" :y*= _" ,\*&8 h*8 \* _ '*< %*& *

/, :?*U8 ,'*< ]c. L
'*< %*& *
/, :?U8 ,'< ]c. L V h" ,Z)0 \ _
/, O
` + 3 W
L* V* h*" ,*! \* _ *
/,
` *
O E* I" :u*= 1= _" ,Z)0 \ _
4! \ _ '< %&
/, :?U8 ,'< ]c.
:
4Z
A \A _ (>" > ]c. "L
/, f3o] <8
4f/, +c xr W :] ?/,"

٣٠
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
:‫ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ‬:‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‬
;N*& ?q*7; * +*
8
* F ;s! +
& r]"
/, UA i""
xo*; 3 2*>" i* ;N*& %*F b*; y 2 ;J J : D 9 D 3 +0
4 ! _ + P" ,2
B _ %/ %& 1; 0F" ,+'W0 _ %/
9 J ,*]c. +** *WD9;J ** %**& **
/, i"*"
**]c. **A F <'** %**& %**D/,8
C :*0 ,>W D 9 J ,&" :
,F O ]c. A F ^W %& %/,M" 9 D ,aA"9 D , 9 :0 ,/AO
J :0 ,q
4r/ O ]c. A F aq %& %/,M" D 9 J ,N
C J ,<
C
:O A
R
P S 3%] R Q R P R v0C
y R S P Q U
x
S X S Q /+
%C P SP S
z P S 3W !?B S%] w
P 4S ! Q S
?**U" ,**F :**U/" ,i"**> ,f** ?**] \**] ;Uq** _ **Wc"
4f d ] ^!"
48> d ] ^!" , " , ;) "
:‫ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
:1> +"
:{0# b 8 7%] −[
!"
D ,+W
P ^8D - :\= ,732 Y| !}0 q {(? A F
9 D :\= ,%C H(cn0 7; ~ }; + ,( _ n
q
EA ,m /] EI
4 yS XS

4 :U , : F Z
, ?/ :GD9/;J
4 : , : ;) Z
, ?/ :G/;
٣١
*" ,m* 3*I ]* :\*= ,(%V9 + ~ }; + ,U;!
DD 68
*
/,
`
*P
O * 8
O N*P
D D ,1*I
,1*0 D , *!
D ,^8-
D : \A N
8 ,l P
D
4^W %&
:/C b 8 7%] −p
J 9 :\= ,!8# 7; c ,u0 JW (" !}; F <' %& %/,;
E>8 D9J
9 :*0 ,( 8# b 8 *c$ " ,m*
8 %*& # H<S"
_ */!c J 9 ,X/
, * D79DD9 H, :0 ,*DC% /c$ " ,(c8 (
/,A" , ,
6 >
<'** %**& **
/,
`
*O *P *O * 8 <**S ,X**8 ** \**A N*D *
8 D 9 *8"
9 J , 7'** _ L* J
%*& *
/,
`
*P
O * 8
O N* ;
9 J Z*A ,b*c * \*A VrA" ,\&W f +)M3
N* ; *8 ,m* : \A VrA" ,
&W %& 0 :* +)M3 <'
4('/ / +)M3 <' %&
/,
`
P
O 8
O
* h*/ ,2*c. %*& *7
C ^*8 %& ?/, – m, N&F _ – 17M V"
]
8 HA h ?M ]A h8 ;~ <' \ 1S 2U|
E*L0 \* W E)*M * \*&W fM ;\&W h \ W ?]" ,(> <A
4U W U)M ( ;fL L/ +/
:` b 8 7%] −s
**/ :\**= ,8M : ~ }; j ` b 8 ?**P \** W %**D/,;9 J
N* ;
D 9 J *U/ \*A *P"
J ,![8
J :*8 ,f& "® P"
J ,U !c
J
b 8 6 {0W b 8 *
/,
` " , *& "* +)*M3 ,aq %&
/,
`
P
O 8
O
a*P 3F U,*/; 3 "* ; ,/ A \ 1S 2U| h/ Y
4U,I
٣٢
:6
X {0# b 8 7%] −
*0 :*0 ,B q !0
/ j 6
X {0# b 8 ?P \ W %/,;
*
/,
`
*P
O 8
O N ;
J J & ,0 \<8 ,2c ?& &" ,U x/

4n cg \ +0 ;7 ^W %&
:‫ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‬
:{gA U
)WM ,1> +"
:/C b 8 7%] −[
:
Mg
_ <' %& %/,;
D9J
:x− 732 Y| !}0 −cg \
B :x− q {(? / j −+
* \ 8 ZA
9 :\= ,− ,6[ f; 3" & "" 3"
/K3 n + \); a
,a* Z*6 _ *U!"
9 9
,V*Mc."
0* \*& :VI 0" ,<' %& ?/,
4f? +)M ;<' %& ?/, \ 8 U!
9 9 \<8
,\&
:NL*> §dcb¦ :%* M +*I *0 ,DC% /c ~ }; j −h
%*& ?*/, * \* 8 I ,I \<8 , :NL> §hgf¦" ,
4('/ / +)M3 ;<'
:/% Uo4 b 8 7%] −p
:+ E)M F :
Mg H3 _ / ir> %& \ 8 %D/,;9 J
edc¦ :%** M +**I **0" ,1**! **; **I :**0 ,8M −+
lkjih¦ :+***I ***0" , :(***7, §gf
−*S – A – I 7' 1 8 \ 8 \A _ 17
8 , :w §m
""" ,**/ ir**> %**& ?**/, ** \** 8 :** 8 – "**,& – "** – ** A
4\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P : &
٣٣
:+*6 §vutsr¦ :%* M +*I +*/" ,*I :0 ,(%V9 + −h
,
*/K3 nQ* U)*M3 */ ir*> %*& *
/, * * 8 ,] − I *8
4\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P
/K3 n"
CBA¦ :%* M +*I *0" ,(*8 *; ?I :0 ,]EL 7 −
*
/, * 1* 8 *UA x*I – ?*S – ?*A – ?*I 1 8 8 , :a;*§D
%*& ?*/, \)*
*P *,6[ f*;" , *,6[ f
U)M3 / ir> %&
4\&8 h8 \ _ <'
:Y
U4 Uo4 b 8 7%] −s
,%*8 *; *
[ _ hD*" D 9 :*0 ,*cg \* A F V"
9 ,\*! *; # *c
§yxwv¦ :+*I 0" , :+6 §±°¯®¦ :% M +I 0"
ir*> %*& ?/, \ 8 s ,YI ,h ,c :1 8 _ 17
8 , :\*/
4cg \ +0 ; i>
:{0# b 8 7%] −
C D
%*& ,*I" ,V* C D W> :*0 , *
7= *
A *0 +* E)M F V"
D *G
1*7;"
J ,¨*c a;*A D ,>*-"
9 ,V
D GW>
9 :0 , W
W[ " ,
¯ 3
^**W %**& ?**/, ** \** 8 :,>*
9 D *-" ,* D
9 *GW>" C D *I" ,*
,,* D
C *GW> :1** 8 _
* aU/*" ,N& + \ 3 ?/,
k i>
A 0" ,
A / +)M3
* ?*& 3" :_* */ _ 1*I ,*7 <'* %*& ?*/, +0 %F Z]
2*U| * h*/ *7 <* %*& ?*/, * \ 8 :17; F ,(/ Y 2; xr
4
A 0 \! P W
4 _ /

٣٤
:‫ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬
:? / %& %/,;"
J
:{0# b 8 7%] −[
" , **
7=− **
A y**0 **> **S,
O O
3)**M sq** \** W \)**M F
/'*
O D %& %/,;
\* W %*/, <; +P S, 1)M3" ,^9W D 9 J +08 − W
W[
,*
O *A 3F" , *,6[ f*; " , *& "" " ,
*/K3 n* %*F 3 *> %F
C D D J \* W8 ,*UI" _ ()* %*& G8> :V 1=
?*/, sq* \* 8 :G8*>
§edcba¦ :%* M +I +/" ,(S,
A / +)M3 ^W %&
C D *,/;
,r* D 9 J W*8 , :f*
,0 §ÍÌË¦ :+**I *0" , :(L*U
C D
4
7=
A / +)M3 ^W %& ?/, sq \ 8 U/ \A
A
,
*/K3 n + \); QA ,
O <; +08 ,/ S,
O \ W <; a F
" ,
**/K3 n** _ **A ]*
O *| r**] **<; **I" , **,6[ f**; " , **& "" "
4 ,6[ f;" , & "" _ A 7
O
R
7
R
, r] :VI 0" ,/ :(%V9 n }; AG −+
:
?*]" C + *7; :
,C + */M R
U- 7;" R
,/M W8 U
D : J ,**00 ?**] ?** **
7= **
A **0
_ 1**70" ,n**
W[ \** W **0 E8r**8
:n " ,1= f73 8"r / + 8 &" s8 sq \ 8 :@&F
%*& ?/,
AM i> :/" ,\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P
: J +/< ,N& + \ 3 ^W
4N & KQ /] 'A
HGFEDCBA¦ :%*** M +***I : AG
** "L** sq** \** 8 :** ,M :+**&F _ 1**70 : 0**; §KJI
?*/,
*P :n* " , '[ 1 8 +0 ;/ ir> +L! &" ,
]/
٣٥
+* \* 3 ^*W %*& ?*/, i> :
A 0" ,\&8 h8 \ _ <' %&
4N & KQ (& /] 'A +/< ,N&
®¬«¦ :%*** M +***I :8M }; AG −h
4 :& 1. §°¯
:$
,& > 1I
J D 9 J (****/ ****/& ****U0""
")****/M DJ9 9 J D 9 J D U**********- **********,
"**********, C J D9JD
:
D : *>J
/A'******** f******* D:9 D : 1C"DD "D D**********9 **********,78
8r******* *73" **********W JDD
***** : z J +****** 8 ******0 ir******>"
D *9 a*****
e *;J ******
AM ******0 x ******c¥
:/ ]0
X Q −
O %" " ,I −
+*,I Z*!" U,I ^W0" i> M F +0 ;W
40",
C D9 O
:H)8 ,W
,m**> +**8r8 **/
m'** **<; F" ,
/A'** f**73 n** E8r**> a**K −N
C D 9 D :H)8
40,
*KK %*; ¡* ;*
A *0 h* E* ! *d h*8 *0 E8r*> aK − *!
C 9 :H)8 ,1=
4,
(*&I */& *8 ,*
A *0" ,\*&W Z*p0 "" :*] /A %7 aK −
3" , *& "" %*F /' \ W %& 1; !; a E7, ?
ir>
ir* * a'*
aq* ?*]" ,*/ *A " /A8 \
ir ;
4
/A' f7 l[0"
:
: +
/M :U-Q8 ,/ :]EL 7( }; AG −
C
4/A %78 ,1= ?M ]A ;\ W 0 E8r> −
٣٦
:
4/M :H)8 ,U
& U,I ('< 3 ,6[ f; E8r> −
C
:/C b 8 7%] −p
D 9 J D :\= ,('/ 0 + E)M F <' %& sq \ W %/,;
*U8 ,7; D9J
z¦ :%* M +*I +*/" ,('*/ / +)M3 <' %& ?/, sq \ 8
+)*M3 <'* %*& ?*/, sq* \* 8 : P
8 , :(*7, §|{
4\&8 h8 \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P :('/ 0" ,('/ /
4 :(7, §¿¾½¦ :% M +I : AG
** +** \** 3 ,<'** %**& ?**/, ,Z)**0" x)** i**> §¾¦
4N&
\* _ ,('R/ / +)M3 ;<' %& ?/, ,sq \ 8 §¿¦
h*8 \* _ ^*W %& ?/,
P ('/ 0" ,* Z)0
4\&8
:‫ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬

4]A {Q
" 444 ,] ,E0 ,0 :\= ,` −[
,*M] ,r] V %/=';" 444 ,f3o] ,2r] ,r] :\= ,D2e 7)+ −
4V A {Q
" 444 U8
4V & u; {Q
" ,444 ,? ,xr :\= ,? 7)B −
*F" 4*] * */& ,* F , ,F :\= ,i"> F :?]" , 7)+ −
4 ?U8 x & ,?I, ?]" ,f
4 j ,?! 2,& 4 4x/ m

,
٣٧
*& * f* UW*3 _ \ '*M ? H< \A" ,I#0)9 7)+ −
&
/, UW3 f \A" ,8> U8 ,(LU" ,\] :]
A
4,B
O ?U8 ,x ?] (>" A
?*/K" ,*& ?*/K *& * ,8
C; bj 8 4+ ] 8B −
+* \* 3 ^*W ?*& ?*/, y=" ,N U/ 1" fL 8 ;(&
4@&F hP r]
" ,N&
4f' X,-
D D :\= ,Uk d
,d \
S zQ −
4U/& < {Q
" ,A
WB 7)+ −
4+0
{Q
" ,W
O A F ,K%M (W% 9 ) −
4+0
{Q
" ,W
O O " ()7 (<0 A F , % −
&
:\= ,>" N U ; 3 ,#0 7)+ −
Z*A :1*7/8 +*;"> ,+*;W0 ,+;,
* :\*= - 0L
−+
4\&8 h8 \ _ '< %& ?/, a& :+;,
'8 ,A
O +;,

%*& %*/,;" S S /r b 8 HcZ ])
D 9 J ,f*/ _ 3F *<; 3" ,A
W / −h
: D **8 ,,c
* h*/ *7 aq* %*& ?*/, */ :*,c : :\= ,'<
D
4
W %& Z)0 \ _ '< %& ?- f/, 2U|
: D :\*= ,'*< %*& %/,;"
* ,r*> R S /r b 8 7 −
D 9 J ,+ !
W ) A
W
4r> \ 8
:
+*" ,*I ,X*
D ,r*> S S /r b 8 ,HcZ b 8 8
: D \*= ,A
W @ / −
:&F
O
4 \] +
&" ,7 D 9 J +0:AB
'< %& %/,;
٣٨
^*W %*& ?/, ~ \ 8 f! :@&F _ 170 ,r> Hf! :JW AG *
\* 3 <'* %*& ?/, \)
P u
0Q f" ,u
0Q f +)M3
4\&8 h8 \ _ '< %& ?/, a& :r> ,N& +
:
Z)*0 \* _ '*< %*& ?*/, a*& :r*> :*8 ,r> E; :d}% AG *
4+ 1 W
:
4! \ _ '< %& ?/, a& :r> :*8 ,r H :M AG *
4a
M ?/ 2r]" ,i)/; 3 N&F N ; +0 :FG
:&F U
W8 ,(S, m'
%& E F ,*K+$ − *]
O
4 \] 2r]" ,7 '< %& f/, :1"
:
4h8 \ _ '< %& ?/, \&8 : Q8 :
, %q :JW AG *
:
%*& ?*/, i*| +*
8 1* W : * :
**8 , n<& :d}% AG *
4Z)0 \ _ '<
: *8 ,
\* _ '*< %*& ?*/, +*
F iq* : r9 J +; :#L AG *
4!
*& q* <M" – a
M ?/ ?]"− i) s/ N&F :FG
*" , *
D n<&
D " ,
J %q :17M ," Z)/ & W <M" ,h8
4
D r +;
9 %**/,8J ,F ,u*
,<'** %**& F J *
> ,g
D ,F
9 :\**= ,Uk
−[p
J " ,^W %& g"
4<' %& F" ,aq %& u
>
4 :\)W XS :G/;

٣٩
~}|{¦ :%*** M +***I \***= :?***P L*** i***| F

F ** **]L; :\**= ,\,7'** L** i**| F" 4 :i**& §
4h
\,I
D *8 :\**= ,b@%
9 k#
,¨* R Q 30 I] Uk −[s
@ W"e 8 ~
>
xD:*0"
J ,+*
F iq* ir*> F i"*G 2r*] \*=8 * D ,\,I D ,nc
D ,
D ,EMD
±°¯¦ :\*= , * 2r*] _ aq* %& f/, m a< W0 _ 2/
4 :"§´³²
42c. A> %& ?/, +0F :+&F _ 17; ?/,"
J :0 ,aq %& %/,;
4u
> D 9 J q8 •
D :0 ,^W %& %/,; XW" •
4g
:
4r> D 9 J '<" •
:0 ,'< %& %/,;
4 D 9 J A'" •
9 D :0 ,<' %& %/,;

٤٠
‫ ﺍﻹﻋــﺮﺍﺏ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
:#
;
D 9 D :17; , 0 :=
?*,/ u;*> +*/" ,*U/& * :+*!> *& \*! ND*&
4$.IC#c 8 hR
P;Q d X - :
Q (zG
4q8 O U; ArM :x ;U'W0 & N M %/ "
O " 3,I
4N& +c; xr W ] :N "
*] :" ,\* * +
& \c; Z,' 2c. \<S
; ] :h8e
E*;" ,*;
v f*! :VI _ ,; :0 ,< _ + P"
2c. \<S
;
*c \* *
z
e *
M *I *; *A *c. *M 3 ,;L H" ,; O
E** I" :y**= 1**= _" ,h**8
*C * 8 &*
O *8 E** I" :1" 1**= ?**W8 4+**
&
:**8 ,YW[
8 ! i E7, D : J :u= 1= _" ,Z)/
8 O
C + 3 W
4]c.
O – ;
e A −F
9 C D *8 *8D :\*= ,*&F
:E*I +M*- O <; a cg
B _

e A "

e ;&F
O <; a Vr8 ,8 :EI
'<M h! +J !
D 9DJ
F" ,
8
4U
- _ 0F" , < c. _

k " ]| K :cn h8e U8
" , < c. _ \ +,; 7 S X S I%
4]c. L/ 1L0
* ?*& *U I *M" , *< *c. _ h*7M ?* * ] :h8eW
,
* \*& *U
8 Z,'*; * 3 * 2r*]" ,*U
8 UW
|" M :x ,
4 :hU h]

4i) :yS XS
٤١
*8 ,\* *
M A , %/ Z'>
; ?& < hI A "
4VrA
M N& &
4>,-
O /; %F Z] :AG
*@&F *& ?*]" , q* ?*] *U 8 *&" &8 A 0
,N* ?*] *
v *<8 ,&*8
O *dA ?]" UW
|" " U I %& 1M ?
4N& & ?] `" ,\ ] Z] \ W"
,N* *U8 ,('*< ?*] * *&" "* a* */; A VrA"
4N& & ?] DC" ,%F i ] \ "
,N* a* ?*U8 , *W ?] Z)/ &" N)/ i| >,-
O A"
4N& & ?] 0#" ,Z] \ W ] +
8 \ "
,N*& +*
8 \*& xr* \* 1* * f* 2r*] a \A"
O
**d
" , **< V**&F **/& **@ **
O – N&**8
**<M ** 3 **A +** −F
:?A
:h8e /+
:!
−[
_ h*8 E*& *d8 ,m'* 1*= _ Z*] **A , * Z; xr ]"
4>,-
O _ Z)/" ,
:A
−p
4 /; ,>,-
O , :0 , ]c. _ h7M ? < ]"
:3 8e J −s
, **
W" , **
&W :\**= ,**UW
|" :x , **< %**/ **; xr** **]"
4]
B" ,
8G"
٤٢
::
−
" (]| ,/ N _ +8 M %& ?&F hI \A %F LM ? ?]"
4
&8 "
- ,(7
:h8e _c+
%*F a'*7/M" ,L*" ,*" ,Z)*/" ,h*8 ?*]" :s*0 * N&"
:'I KK
4Z)/" ,h8 :]" ,1 8 " f +
8 ; −
4 :]" ,f l[; −
4L :]" ,1 8 l[; −
:h8e 5:8
:N& H& &0 /]
:( ?+ 5:8 :AB
4L <'" , ('<" ,Z)/ W" ,h8 q ?]"
:*p$(8W 5:8 :FG
41 8 _
/K" ,f _ 'c :N , _ ()/ ?]"
4 j ,?! 2,& 4 ,x/ m

,
\*- ?*] H*A E*0A *0F" ,+*
& s*8 i"*" ,H*A *<; N& _ \-
:
,,'
4i" \I" nc d :i4+
(; ;i" " HA H E ! i"> ,A H< E0A +0 :FG
4i) :
; :G0 4]/ %& " < Z
AM

٤٣
( 8 :
h8e
4%/= _ n − h8
4 '[ f " ,a' Ar h! _ " −
4 '[ 1 8 _ / H,K −
4a' Ar h!" ,%/= _ f

− Z)/
4 '[ f _ n −
4a' u0o h! _ ('< −
4 '[ 1 8 _ / ir> −
4 '[ f " ,a' Ar h!" ,%/= _ f
−
4i) s/ _ W −
4 '[ 1 8 _ / ir> − L

4 1 8 _ i> ir> −
:H. ] %& + _ r]

{Q;"
‫ ﺍﻷﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‬:‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‬
J 9 D 9 J f?S & ;/A ]
42A ^,7'; J D ," ,8 ,a> ,± ,N :?] ' f
Z)*/ *& n <M" , q &
0 h8 & " <M :I 8j
H* * ?*U8 ,('*< *& *
0 * *& f*
*<M" , W &
0
4 K= 1> _
&8
O *
0 i"*** '*** f*** N***&F _ (U*** *** ?***] 2r***]"
***& **
4M 2r] %'M" ,HA
٤٤
:U I 8j 2
J D 9J
:"S i" @&F _ ;"
:D # /; /+ −[
yf*! :1*= 4*!"
` ,)0
O f
" , 8 9 D : 9 J E
O n ,%/= N&F E& 9 D R/KJ 8

:
D : 9 J
'*<M h*! E* !J F" ,;Q* H" ,; E;" ,
H*A E*&
D : H" ,f.
4Vp D D E;" ,®. yf! :0 ,\- %&
:D]
X /; /+ −p
,V**
c 9 D : 9 J H**-
D e D J r**] :**0 ,−H**A :x– **W N**&F E**& 9 D R J **8
D R D J H"
4V
cQ J D C D J H)0"
,V
c
D e D JD
*&" )*/" ,1" 1*= _ q* ?*] h8 &" &8 :V
cQ8
1*= _ ('*< ?*] * *&" ("*" ,y*= 1*= _ W ?] Z)/
4u=
:W` /; /+ −s
,N
v r*] :*0 −q*; D : 9 J ± ,N :\= ,nqM a 8
O – *W N*&F E*&
z H" ,O E;"
4NQ
: 0 7 (= I0W"j /; /+ −
9 D : 9 J ?c" ,? :\= ,a< f
EW
P 8
%& (7 HA E&
4?c %& E" ,?c 8 :0 f
\,I
:*W$ & 0 −
,n*
G0
v D D D F
V*8 C ,V*8 9 D : 9 J 3F" ,a
[M
D J D r*] :*0 ,HA E&
D : D %& m
4V8 R A H!
٤٥
:*$ & 0 −
D J " ,Z>- %/ <M
"" ,a*& " :*0 ,]| /! a %F iqM
*<; * 3" ,(*/ * (*U! /& /! a %'M (</" ,\q8 "" ,1
, /*! a* %*F h*!;
*P %*F " 8*PF *; 8 ,]|
O
O / a
,\*P8 " * :0 ,m %F U8PF ; 3 VrA" ,E0 2" \qW :\=
D D %F 3"
4 " :0 ,a&
O
*<M 3 2r]" ,²
6 /& 3-
O E0A Z>- %/ " <M a F"
" yf*! :V*I *0 ,*!"
` ,)0"
O 8
O " ]c. <;"
/, <M \ ,
4I xr :x ;I
: (W 5W; AG

:JW AG
D f!
:{gA 1= r] N ;" , D :/I
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 :f!
, '* f +0 ; q &
0 " + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 :
4+
F iq ! \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P :i<" ,iq "
:d}% AG
D E;
4 J
z
:\*&W f*M" ,\*&W f* +)*M3 ,<' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 : :E;
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
P
*]" '* f* * +*0 ;n +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W : :
4+
F iq ! \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P i<" ,iq
٤٦
:M AG
D
:V
Q H

*P \*&W f*M" ,\&W f +)M3 ,<' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 :HJ
9
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/,
*& *
0 f*
2*! *&" f*, "* a* :?* ,*! i*> :f*, :V
Q
%*& ?*/, \)*
*P :i*<" ,iq ]" , ' f +0 ;('<
4+
F iq ! \ _ ^W
:l)*7 §jih¦ :% M +I :" +
8 EA = "
cba`_~}|{zyxwv¦ :+*********I" 4

4 :n; §d
:0C 7) / / 8j

:}6 −[
:& 1I +/" ,!" ` ,,)0"
O O n ND 9MJ ]"
, 8
: * ?****:8 **** D D D ***********" C:
D D D D ***
****];B 9 D D D D ***
9 *ID ***********] D D D ***********]
D D D F
%*& n * *U
8 ?*M" : J , 8*P (" Hf! –
0= – ] :+I ?W8
1" 1*= _ 2* *<8 42Q H" ,2 E;" ,2 f! :17M 4)7
¯ _" ,(" u= _" , )/ y= 1= _" , &8
?*]" n* *UL \A
42c. %& (7 HA N ;
J D 9 J ,)7
O
O E ! :x ,)7
?**/" , :i)**0" , :y**S X**S" , :\)**W X**S _ E**
, r**] "
4 :Z
,
4a> ,± ,N :?]" f KK _ <M 2r] )7 "
٤٧
:t6% −p
r*] :1*7M (]*G H*A N&" ,f
" ,n " ," ir> ]"
:& 1I +/" 4V D : D %F HG0" ,V
D D D E;" ,VDJD
9 D D ****8
a****| D D +**** 9 : D J ****"
J D D +****; 9 D D *** D 9 ?****:8 x***
9 D *<
:
*&D ***
: *:Q:D
D 9 +***
D *I
("* *d *@&F" ,*U/ f*
ir* l7/* * %& Hf! +Q :+78
" **W Z)**/ **&" E,)* 9 D : *0J +*J *D D :+**I Vr**A" ,('**< ** **&"
4i"
3F +*
* *]
J D *< ,l7/* a*K ,)*7 a*K ,M :]US H 2r]"
:] ,&F
D : D@ HJ
4\
I ]" 4V
/ C ,/] r] :170 8q
9 " ,/]D F O f! F :M
H*" ,V*/] C ,V*/]
D D F J D r*] :*0 ,H*A N ;"
D 9 J ,US ]" :l7/
:
J D r] ,l7/
C DMD nqM a 8 ,V/@
4]
:O A
P R S )B
?+ S P S P
R x
S S 7(S R P Q P S P R S P R ]}
B R P
X S c S x S R J SP S
P W
R R Q cS S +S ] P R *Q$ u
S S R
cS S %
Q P Q ( H(4 Q SP S
P S ,# @ S P ?Q /j P
R S P o S iS 3RW t6%
C
Q S 4+ P S R(B Q P X S * S S S ,*
Q iS $S uo T 4S $ ,*+T S $ ,*h+
T S$
R 6c R R R R
Q S P S I}
I2+ X R P S
P i}
S Q P SS %
Q Q P S ((;
P S S S ,*h+ x S $ 3WS
S R P S O
:08 S (R +S + Q S M SP
S S (
R
S P S Q /+
9S #` R S P R P S 2
P S :h8e Q P S S

4 :i)0 :G0

٤٨
‫ﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ‬‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
:b%G
;
4:
9WD:6 & %/B"
/K "
/K %& 1
k ]
*68 *& ?*/; +*08 68 VrA" ,;" ; & ?/; +08 ;L :G
4 68"
: 8j
:17M ,!"
` ,)0
O f
" , 8
O n %/= N ;"
R f
,%*/= +*0 ;n* +* 8 *&" , s*8 \*&8 :*/ S $ **8 ,;L f! *
4W _ xr ;/ & ~& /"
4%/= +0 ;f
+,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W :RPSf
P *8 ,;;L E; *
4%/= +0 ;f
2! &" " a :;;L :RPSf
P * H *
:b%G v
:> "
:?] +|W" ,+6"S i'; a" %/= (- %& A \A
4 – :hU h] :G/; +

& += n&" U/& ; ^- 2c. _ (;L :?6
'
h* VrA" ,]®L! W ;n Z)/;" ,]®L! q ;" h8; \- A
O
4 :\)W XS :G/; 4h
" +/
7;WM n %/= 8 aU/<"
:%/= "S
4 r<] N & H" 78 ," ,r] 4?] ,] :0 ,?/, %/=; 8 ,
O <; −
4a' u0o h! 3" a' Ar h! %/=; 8 ,W
O <; −
4]0I NS :0 %/=; 8 ,ZA
B <; −
O
4U,P" ]&" i" _ M 78 c´ 78 ;W \A <; −
O
4%/ _ c´ 78 ;W \A <; −
42
+
'M & f/3 & − 4 S A %C/=DMJ 8 ,< _ K + <; −
٤٩
:/0%V /%V −[
N*&F * ;" ,*UGW * *U *>" 3 *d %/=* UIF Z,"
4%/=
+*0 ;n* + 8 &" s8 \&8 /%V *8 ,N /K q> :17M

**/K ***8 , : **; §MLKJ¦ :%** M # 1**I +**/" ,%/=** m**
4%/= m +0 ;f
Z)/ &" N)/ + 1 W
:.HcZ - 0 ,.o - : :0 : −p

4(; %/= %& U3 %/= UIF Z,"
*DD:&
9 ]*| a*3 W
*P *8 ,
q 8qM %/= N&F M"
4N& H& U
& 7M :x ;)7 N&F
w (RWR 5PSW;
:Q S AG
*&" ,s*8 xk:*/D 9D *
AM *]A **8 ,*]A ! f! :JW AG
4%/= mD9J +0 ;n +: :89D
&" ,N)/ x/
AM I( *8 ,U
A
! E; :d}% AG
4%/= m +0 ;f
+,)0
*&" ,"* x/
AM I( *8 ,U
A
! H :M AG
4%/= m +0 ;f
2!
*]W" *
7
7>
` %*`/= *U ; * */]" ,a
M ?/ %/= UIF :hU Z>- A
4 :hU :G0 4K9
٥٠
]*G a*3 %*F 0 : EW
*P F" :]*G a*3 %*F U8PF *
4n %& (7 HA )7 N&F &J
:AG
%*& (*7 q* +* 8 *&" s*8 \*&8 : ,
! A f! *
4n
**W +,)**0 **&" ,N)**/ +** 1** W : ,
!** **A E**; *
4(7
f**, "** a* : **! i**> f**, : ,
!** **< H** *
e
4r ]U| h/ (7 ('< 2! &"
4f
2! &" 8P " a : K= hP _
!
:O A
R W` SR S R S ,b%G R RS P R
:
S ? Q @ S Q x` S P Q R j : X S JW
R S P B
R
S R P S (0%
/M R P R P S P S
S S P S ,(% R
/0 R S%VP ,uo
P S /
S S%V SPR
S S S 0
P R Q
+ P S {0W
x P S
S P S ]}c@ P S S S P RB

R R
S P I
( R
S S 3W ( Q P SS
Q L;
S

?*< H**" ,V**;c **A f**! :*7

8 – q*
O *; – ]**G h** %**/= ** **0/A +**M! **I"
4 :hU h] :G0" , :V 3 ,\
U' XS 4V;c ?A E; ,V;c
٥١
‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﻢ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‬
:#
;
?*" 42*c. _ (*;L
::
D W6* *& %*/B" ,
*/K * =A %& 1 ]
4
'< h /& 2W '
O
:
4f
;"
e D J Z)/;"
D 9 J ," h8;
: G+
,'*8 , :*/o §CBA¦ ,'* f*! :JW AG *
4a Ar h! +0 ;" + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 :/o"
:f'*/ §mlkjih¦ :%* M +*I :d}% AG *
4a Ar h! +0 ;f
+,)0 &" ,N)/ F a :
78/ *8
*8 :f'*/§KJIHGFEDCB¦ :M AG *
4a Ar h! +0 ;f
2! &" " a :
,/
:O A
R R P
*dco x R 8S $ :J
Q S , R P S
R
S )S R R c
d} P S
P Q x S R J
P (S R S , SP S
P W
:)
@ xo J
S JM
S P Q
:¡
S 3F h r] h; 3
S S −[
:!8 o

4; ,> , :\= ,Z
A " ,u
0Q fM
c
O <;
:!8 o #} −p
D 9 D N* E'
" ,Uc -" u
0Q fM
c <M
\* 8
D 9 D " %*& +*=0o xr 8
:*0 4%* 8 D 9 D N 3" ,f 8
D 9 D " %& +=0o xr
٥٢
W**- h** r**] h**; **8 ,u**0o" Ar** +**
8 x'**; ** 3" 4ap**I ,Z**MA
,*- :\*= 3" , *0 :\*= ,f* *U
8 ?* W)* 3" ,hPJ :\= u0o
4u0o" Ar U
8 x'; F ;^;!"
:C o JM v

:> "
V*M *" ,+6"*S i'*; a*" ,a'* Ar* h*! (- %& A \A
:¢W
:J ) 3i h?+ b%
:+ −
,Z>*- *]" ,*]/ * *W *U" ,UGW U W 3 d ;+ E7"
4 :\/ §À¿¾½¼»º¹¸¶µ´¦ :0
:/ i+ −
D
\]" ,\] h! d ;+ E7"
b¦ :+*I *0 , W*- 3" ,a*
4 :^W §dc
:/"+S S −s

'*<M h*! *d ;+* E*7" , * ("*P _ d<F ;" ,f ^W
:& 1I ,\7 ; 3 u0o
: : D 9 ******: z D
D 9 D D 3FC : (*************
L******0 D 9 D
******P
J D +JJ ******* M D D D *************/
M CD D
9 D *************;"
J
:*(
C; bj 8$ 6
#+ −
4*&: :1*7; *8 ,*UGW * *U >" 3 +0 ;&!
O E'
" h! a ?]"
l¦ :%* M +*I +*/" ,:1*W0 §zyxwv¦ :%* M 1I
4:i& §ponm

٥٣
z R −
:II]2+ ,/( 8
h¦ :%* M 1I 4− / _ < %& ]" – \7 ; 3 a d E7"
**** \*** ;" ,− :
***WW §rqponmlkji
r*] :1*7M ,"*;** *!
O E
*
D 8 ,s + ?
D R J +U,S "
&
: H" ,;;
4;;L : E;" ,"; J
S −
:/8
z D
* a*
, W*- 3" a* D " ,% M # a ]" a& ]W"
4a' Ar h 7 ?U8
: ,/%) −
a* :x ,'*<;
C J a*" ,u*
0Q f*M U/& ~&" 9 D : J ?KK a \A ]"
D R +3 E8r>
*U3 E8r*8 ,+/* " ,/* :U*- /* :\*= ,N /&
'<M h! + hD'9;J
D : 9 J ,u
0Q fM U/& ~DR&"
*
a'* Ar* h* E*7" J ,fU " " ?]"
: , *,K"
, *I" D : , q&
J ,(L*&" D : :\= ,]pG0 _ 17 VrA" ,h _ ]W (-
4 :/o §hgfedcb¦ :+0, +I ,V 0"
:/%QS −
1*I 4*/ :1*7; *8 ,h*
*> *W (LU ir" ,a&
B d
4 :nU<§EDCBA¦ :% M
:/ −
O D D
]" ,;L ]" ,\" 2W
h*! +*0 ;+ m" , W- 3" &
4\7 ; 3
h 7 d ;!
` " ,)0
O f
" , 8 D 9 J 7' H< 2rU8
O " N M
4a' Ar
٥٤
:O A
R P Q P R
R R , R R
S Q P S P S v
c iB S + Q Q SS S Q 8
c S R P S ]2
P S
S Q z
c%C X
S ,o2 S /"+
S Q SSS S w z R ,/8
c( 8 S S Q Q
S S ,+
P R >
X S S P%8R S i
x P S Q S S
Q S ,h] P R S
x 4R !
P S ( S PG R ,
S Q Q SS

‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﻢ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬
:#
;
u*0o h* :1*7; 3C \q*W;
C r*U" ,2*c. _ f*M" nQ* ;L h ]
:\; +0 ;Z
\
, %& 3F ,a'
,H*
,>" ,%*,>" ,H*" D D ,(* P S P S *
D 9 D :\*= ,((=0 Y # C
E9*,D:IJ u*=" ,f; +W E,I
D : J y=" ,+" D C 1" 8 ;H"-" ,f-"
J J D D M
4"" J
O +JML]
***> W***8 ,H,***-F" H***> h***A ,o J ! *
4Ar ]" ,\,-F"
:b[
8 (;L f" n n-" "
,
*- *U
8 f* 8 ;H" E
" ,H
E
:\= ,( ?+ Y; ~c *
O E/<"
u*0o h*! * '*
U8 ,M
J 9 D D , :(7, §²±¦ :17
8
4a'
*<" ,f*" n * ?*U/M H*- U=" ,H ,H
:H< 2rU8
s¦ :%* M 1*I 4+*&F N* M *8 ,a* u*0o h* E'*
Vr* ,
- f
*&" N)*/ +* 1* W :H-Q8 :H §xwvut
O
*A ¤*c :*M :(*7, §²±¦ :%* M +I VrA" , W +,)0
٥٥
O :*8 ,M

&" ,N)/ + 1 W :M
O E/<"
J 9 D D , W +,)0 &" ,N)/
(]G W +,)0
F" *U
8 f* *8 ;(LB" (qI :0 ,
- n :Df B L
(qD*IJ \*- ;\*- *& *,7/ *d ;
*- *U
8 n* 3F (*p E0A
D D J
D D J :(LD*BJ \*-" ,f*
" q* ^*8" i*7 aq
qI
^*8"
* aq* ("L*B
* ^*W0" "*" f*
E*AM *8 H"L*B" ,E
qI d ;"" xL
J ,(qD*IJ :M)**8 ,
9*WD: *D,D:IJ *U,I
:**0 ,\**- %**& **W ,)**/
8 ,(L*D *B"
4" (LB
D H]S" ,, (qI D EA
:
4!"
` ,)0
O ('<" , 8
O q a' u0o h! N ;J
:C HcZ JM v
:> "
:]" ,+6"S i'; a" ,+M- %& A \A
:\*= ,*UGW * *U *>" 3 *<" :C HcZ J b%
I 5 −
,*UGW * *>" *U
*" , ,>*- %/ H ]" ]/ W U ,H3"
:¨* §4 4 4¾½¼¦ :%* M +I +/" ,\q8 H3" HU :17M
4a' u0o h m +0 ; q + 8 &" ,s8 , :H3"
C *AJ ¤**c :H3" :¨** §ONML¦ :+**I"
**&" ,N)**/ *
4a' u0o h m +0 ; W &
0 ('< +,)0
O -" h r] @ ? ::8+ b 8 A; 5 −
u*0o" Ar* *&
,H**8&" ,H**& :\**= ,U'**W0 u**0o
**- %**& H"" ,
'** Z,'**
٥٦
a* :H*8& **8 :(7, §onml¦ :% M 1I 4HA"
4a' u0o h m +0 ;('< 2! &" , "
:
7 ® & 1I
: *&D ****GD 0D ****]
D : D %****0 z D : 9 D **** :
?*** v D : *=

D 9 D N*** 9D: D J 9 D D H*****&
*****U]" DJ9 CDD
9 * *****UM/M
9 J +*0 ;('*< 2*!
h* m* R *&" ,* * "* a* H*& *8
4a' u0o
:O A
R R 58n
x R P S ) oR
!] @ P S S (W
P R Q `+ S RPSS !P

Q @ P Q S Q oS S
X S 59+

‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬
:#
;
,'*>" ,!'*" ,a
]*F :\*= V" ,;/ h/;
D 9 J xr a3 ]
4]
B"
:
*<M" k*D;" D 9J
J Z)*/;" ,+* 8 *& q* *<M" i) s/ h8;
l¦ :%* M 1*I" ,>* \*
c a
]*F
J :170 4" Z)/ & ?] W
h**/ %**F f** ** **&! Z]r**8 42**

B " ;**/ **] \**] ,i)** h**/ _ f** n**c
*]" ,\ W +@ a3 \7K 8 , W[ a& ;/ ;a3 ;/ Z ?/ ; i)
*] i) h/ %F &! Z]" 4 + ,M aK ,;/ ]" W[ a& 1 ,i) h/ Z,
4**] 4;*/M 3" ! +c; 3 \ W ;c´ M
O ]>
" (>" 8 " ;/ Z
4 :hU h]" , :\)W XS :G0
٥٧
gfedcb¦ :%**** M 1****I" , :****] §ponm

4− :H8) §h
,(]*G q* +* 8 *&" s*8 *, 1" 1*= _ a
]F : <8
**;g _" ,(]**G **W +,)**0 **&" )* C a** E** I" %**" **;g _"
O */ F
*& *
0 *W 2*! *&" ,%*& * "
O
O :a
]F A E I"
0=
4i) s/ +0 ;('<
PS P Q
:/;? O b%G0C
:
!' <8 ,!' _ ); ' :\= ,1 +
& \cM −
D J !8# " %& i) &/
9 C J A+ *U
& Ec 8 , W M
H*!
4('<
4 :
§PONMLK¦ :% M +I \= ,a3 iq; −
,iq** **]" ;('**< 2**! **&" ,_ ** "** a** :'**> **<8
4('< ?] &" " +
F iq :a;7M"
h*/ Z,* V*" ;N*& * +*
,6 %F a3 &

M] _"
n *P 1 +*
& Ec" a3 n
P 8 ,\ W +@ ] i) a3
4('< ]" +- %F h!8 ,\ W +U,S
:O A
P R S *A+PS$
U Q S +P S `
S P S O P S S
P S Q U R 0#
P R S}P%S 9S S S P S P R
X Q S
4N< c. _ i) a3 h/M ? \ {Q"

41 * 7 a3 %& 3" iq %& \c; 3 ;/ ;

_ a3 /; a
٥٨
‫ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳ‬
:I#
;
, *,6[ f*; " , & "" " ,
/K3 n + E)M sq \ 8 \A ?]
4
7M" ,7M" ,7;" ,7M" ,7; :\=
:

D 9 J Z)*/M"
L*M" D 9 J ,h*8 *& *] */ H*,K <;" , '[ 1 8 h8D9MJ
4L " Z)/ & ] / ir> <;"
4a<,! 7M a0 :h8 > _ 17M
4, h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)W/
P :a0
1** 8 ** +**0 ;**/ H**,K h**8 **&" s**8 sq** \** 8 :**7M
,\**&8 h**8 \** _ <'** %**& ?**/, \)**
**P **& """ , '**[
4a0 , ¤c h8 \ _ \&W" \ W "
,('*< 2*! *&" f*, "* a* :Z*!"" ,! i> f, :a<,!
,+**
F iq** **! \** _ aq** %**& ?**/, \)**
**P i**<" ,iq** **]"
4:> §RQPO¦ :% M +I +/" 4h & a
"
O Kg (;L 7M :d}% AG
4B
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, 1,7" Z)0" ?W0 i> :
* +*0 ;*/ ir*> +,)*0 *&" ,* N)/ sq \ 8 :7M
4\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P & """ , '[ 1 8
*]" ,('*< 2*! *&" f*, "* a* :(*; ,*! i> f, :(;L
4iq
4('< &" " +
F iq :Kg
٥٩
§\[ZYX¦ :%* M +*I" ,a<,!" fQ 7M a :fM AG

4 :H8)
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ZI" L!" ?W0 i> :a
** +**0 ;**/ ir**> +**L! **&" ,a** ** "L** sq** \** 8 :**7M
4\&8 h8 \ _ \)
P & """ , '[ 1 8
*]" ('*< 2*! *&" ,f*, " a :f" ,! i> f, :fQ
4iq

*P i*<" ,iq ]" ('< 2! &" " +
F iq :a<,!"
4h :a
" ,+
F iq ! \ _ ?/, \)
ÎÍÌËÊÉ¦ :%* M # 1*I & :fM d}% J0
4:(7,§ÓÒÑÐÏ
+0 ;/ ir> +L! &" ,a "L sq \ 8 :bB *
#;$W
+,)*0 *&" ,* N)/ sq \ 8 :(cG *
#;$ , '[ 1 8
4 '[ 1 8 +0 ;/ ir>
:O A
S QS P R R S
# R % R P

cnC;
S S (8;
S P @PS
S S ,
W S w /:
c% S P S P S ! S P S
R S R 3c
R ; R R R Q P 4
*[$ S S P S 30
P k Q Q S SS
P
P S ) d} P X%S f S P IWo
R P M S S S

4
WM , WM , W; , WM , W; :?]" " 'c %& {QM '[ 1 8
٦٠
‫ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻞ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌ‬
: 8 U4 Y / i
:s0 KK ]"
v
\* 8 :'*; :**8 ,\*]! '*;
D * :\*= ," I ] Y & / −[
ir \ W r] L;"
D 9 J ," %& (]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ sq
f*& L*; a* :\*= ,*U
&
*
O q*
O *U,I * %*7,;" – * i*> – "
** i**> ir**> +**L! **&" "L** sq** \** 8 :L*J *; **<8 444/**P
4"
@ Y / −
**<M +**<>" ,%**P;" ,%**[; :\**= ,0W I ] #+
%*[; :\*= ,Z)*/ *& (*7 *W <M" ,h8 & (7 q
s**8 sq** \** 8 :%**[; \** W8 4 ** \**I %**P; **" ,+** o**
* N)*/ sq* \* 8 :%*P; \* W" ,r (7 q + 8 &"
4r (7 W +,)0 &" ,
*U,I * %*7,;" ,L* & ] i> ir> <;" ,\ W r] L;"
sq* \ 8 :~;
D : <8 ,
) o ~;
D a :\= ,U
&

O >W
O
4 i> ir> +L! &" ,a "L
D 9 J +*0 +*<>" ,?*/,;" ,?;" ,?; :\= ,DC I ] 7
h*8; @ Y / −
:?*/,; *<8 ,ad*6" * N,* ?/,; :\= ,(7 h8 & q <M"
*<M" \* W r*] Z)/;" ,\7= (7 q + 8 &" s8 sq \ 8
:
\* W8 ,+*
c %*& a'* ?*,;
D * :\*= ,f*
%*& Z)/ & (]G W
4f
%& (]G W +,)0 &" , * N)/ sq \ 8 :?,;
٦١
:%* M +*I *0 L* *& * i*> ir*> <;" ,\ W r] L;"
: *M \** W8 :**7§ÑÐÏÎÍ¦
,3 ** "L** sq** \** 8 :*
4U
& \
('<" 4f
i> ir> +L! &"
4 i> ir> L & <M" ,LM UA K= s0 2rU8
, * ("q* L* 1> f
" n U
8 E,K H
H" I"
:& 17A
: : : D **MD a**D Q* v C : D 9 D [
****S R : Vq****M"
**
0;
D D D
* 9 D 9 9 D *AD
O *D ?**,I
****,& v D 9 D ?****/ J D 9 DD
:cg 1I"
: : ?****/: ****, : 9 D f*******,09 D 9 " V****** :
****;
D D J J D E****I3 D:
9 D D **** ?*******/M J D D D *
MQ;9 D a****** 9 *D D
D 9 J a V h" ,\ W %& L ( Ec :M a :& 1I ?W8
irM
: D J a* V* h*" , \* W %& L ( Ec V
MQ; a y= _" ,n
ir*M 9
4f

X*S _ E*
, r*] " *I" ,a
*M * _ hI"
> UI + A ,jI" ; , E
,
4 :
W %& yS XS" , :
; 3 \)W
:a*& +* U*" , : *
W %*& y*S X*S _ "" 4*
] *
*7 E*
, r]
O L 1> _ V
MQ; f
<F +
8 ] A" ,
* ?*]" ,^
) %& U >
::
4("P U 8 ,+> k D 9 J ";
D J 9 J ,N Y ,
D 9 h
! _ a'
D 9 \
٦٢
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺭ‬

s*0 :*&0 *]U| &" ,U
& N& H& U| u
> H<
3 s*0" ,Z* ;" ,* :\*= ,cg
- H< ]" H +
& UGM
N*& * s/ r]" , _ U I U
q7; ? N& & +
& UGM
*I A ,HA> <M I (7 H " ,(7 H N& :%';
O
4 = UG; A ,8"> <M
:*[$D6 5:
h8e h])+
:?] KK N, (7 H N&
4N& & \ <
c i
>- & –
4+,/M /
A> ?q7; i> !" –
4+U,S " p i> !" –
:8 !0 (B U (4:? 8 :AB d]C
:h8e

*7K
O " r*
O *-" , * i"*> i
U/ < E0A F V"
,('*<" , q* ?*] , _ N& HA> ;N& A> \,7;
x ,** i"**> ~** – **; 1**7; **A – H**A 2r**]" , **W"
4f
fL! ('<" ,n fL! W" ," fL! q
:? / %& U,
MM <; s/ r] ? H<"
q !0
_` !
# − 6% )9 −h }6 )9 −+

.i) j – j ,?! 2,& 4x/ m

,
٦٣
‫ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮﺭ‬-‫ﺃ‬
D 9 J ,
,%*,>" D 9 J :\= , 8 U,I 3 n 2c. _ xr N a3 ]"
O 2*c. *A * : *3 n* 2c. :/7 bc" ,%'
&" , %" ,P"
*W
4# *,& * E*; :V*I _ * *A \*= , *3 *
B *U/<" ,*U,I >W
O
F" , ' f +0 ;n +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W : <8
:E*78 ,f*
E*¡! +*M! * F" ,# *,& * q*> :E*78 ,"* E¡! + 8
3 )*7 ;)*7
O *<; a* r* , *3
B +
8 n 8 ,# ,& ?Q H
4" Z)/" h8 _ n +IWM
dc¦ :+*I" , :*& 1. §hgfed¦ :%* M +*I : GB
4 :(7,§gfe
4E0 2;7M '
P \&W" ,<' %& ?/, \ 8 :§d¦ −
4N& + \ 3 ,^W %& ?/, ,Z)0"
AM i> :§e¦
C a :§f¦
*]U| h/ ,(7 W +,)0 &" ,N)/ F
k
4r
C ¤*c :]J :§hg¦
* h*/ (*7 q* h*8 *&" s*8 F
,"** +**
F iq** :# a;**< a**3" ,iq** **]" ,r*e * **]U|
4('< 2! &"
C : !" −
417 17 + 1 W Z)0 \ _ # ] U F
i*> i*<" ,*, h8 \ _ '< %& ?/, (SF a :§c¦ –
4N& + \ 3 Nc
٦٤
:] ,N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> :%& :§ed¦
+,*S" ,r* *]U| * hD/ (7 ('< 2! &" ,%& " a
4, ¤c i"r m
*U
& *UGM a* V* h*" ,("*" *&8" )/ Hf! ] <8
4]c. %& H9DRIJ \ ,N& H&
:}6 0(C; d])
:
D : J :x ,)I
*& ,> D J +0 :\
I" , h/ +0 ;Vr )7 ?
D R 0F"
:
4+
& N& HA> U|
X S ;Q
?}6 b 8 ( 8e 5 6
**3 x ,r*e * )**7 n** %**& =** **
& H**A
D D D *C *7MD J
4%W H" ,%8 E;" ,%8 f! :17M ,n !" h A m/
:O A
R S b#>} R R :0

S R S S 36;
P Q S S S P Q S S P S P
S 7)B S S P Q )
z S S
R R z i
(
R R R
S Q
} P S o S P S Q Q S S z Q (W h
Q S 8e P R P AB
Q X S P WS
A W 2! h ,/;
C 3 +08 ,i) &/
O )7 a3 A F"
:17/8 ,h, ]
** h*
D *D/D ,(**7 **P +** 8 **&" ,s**8 \**&8 :%**8 %** f**!
D:
k D C ]U|
4r
(*7
v D C *8 +,)*0 *&" ,N)*/ + 1 W :% <8 ,% E;
4r ]U| h/
DDD
h/ : &" ," a :% <8 ,% H
D D D (7 8 2!
R
4r ]U|
٦٥
‫ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﺹ‬-‫ﺏ‬
,?&'*" ?*P7 :\*= ,I ] C r9 7 Y h
) ! ]
:*/7 b*c" ,_ :\= ,i"" ,?; :\= ,1 8 a :/7 b[8
2®*; E*0A * : *3 f*; :*/7 b*c" ,xr :\= ,
/, f N
D9
f* f*;" ,*" Z)/ ?> _ a' Ar h!" %/= f; :*A 3
B
,?*,|
9 :\*= ,A* *U,I ?* *U,I * '*< :*/7 b*c" ,* *> _ '
4('< 2!" W +,)0" q + 8 _ ^
) ! \ rU8 ;?" 9D
:

,N*& H*A> Y* +*
8 l70 +0 ;+/;/M /& +3 ir -7/
O ?
D R
C D J ,Z)/ & W 3F 2c. %& UG; a"
f*
%*& ('*<" q 7M"
O
4f
2r] h @ m/ \7= 8r> U/< ,< @ m/ ;37=
4?P7 H" – ?P7 f! :17M
q* +** 8 **&" ,**&8
O &*O *8 E** I" ?**P7 **A :AB AG &
R ]U| 9: h/ (7
4\7D=
O * *O * ?**P7 **A E** I" :FG AG &
2**! **&" ,f**, "*
D R ]U| h/ ,(7 ('<
4\7=
***<8 :+***6 §uts¦ :%*** M # 1***I :d}% AG
4 W[ (]G W +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W :?&
:& 1I \= ("q _ <" ,q; O j7/ _ r M I W ?6
' A
*
D: D*D]9 H
D 9DDq9*>D %D&9QD*: x:D"D 2JJD :************
D D
D9:
z "D CD 9************D"D
:h*U h*] :*G0 4 8*P f*
E8r*>" ,(*7 *W N)*/ a :" <8
4i)
٦٦
`
h*8 ?*> _ *c" O f*
2*c. * E8r*>
*GW D : J j*7/ a*3 0 D R j
z *I f**! :1**7M , **8"r f**
%**& N**& **A> *C *7M" ,**"
H**" ,~*
z
(*7 q* +* 8 *&" s*8 \&8 :1" 1= _ ~I <8 ,~7
D R ]U| h/ 8"r f
%&
4\7=
(*7
C ('*< 2! &" f, " a :~I A y= 1= _"
4\7= ]U| h/ 8"r f
%&
+* 1* W :
*PI
O *<8 ,
*PI
O E*; :1*7M ,Z)*/ *> _ f
E,=M"
4 W[ (]G W +,)0 &" N)/
;**/M %'**; ;**/ **U/& ~*
D R *&"
J 2®**; E8r**> ,(**<0 j**7/ **A **8
,~**I f**! :1**7M ,− **0A **A – }**78 **" h**8 ?**> _ V**" ,~**
:1*7M ,f*
f*7 h* j*7/ a*3 */
8
C Z)*/ *> _ * 4~7 H"
4
PI
O E;
:U} _% 6% 4
,s* %*U/
- +0< i) &O/ j7/ a3 A F"
~*&" DRJ
D R J f*
E8r*>" ,*U
8 *
</ ;*/M ir*>" ," h8 & +
8 HI
4Z)/ & HU|" ,~ :
D ;/ U/&
%*& (*7 q* +* 8 &" s8 ¤c :! :!z 2r] :JW AG
4i) s/ j7/ a +0 ;\7= D R ]U| h/ , 8"r f

(*7 *W 2*! z
R *&" ,"* a :! : H :M AG
4i) s/ +0 ;\7= ]U| h/ , 8"r f
%&
D *! E**; :d}% AG
+,)**0 **&" N)**/ +** 1** W :x**! ;x*
4(]G W
٦٧
:O A
@ +P S o R G

P M
S Q ` S S ,
S P%Q QPSS
Q
W S S ]}
P Il Q Q P c S S ,
T 6% Q P S 3c X S
_ +*<> j*7/ x ,*D;J q*; O rA :+I" ,7; C D J :x ,/; J J 9 :+I
D 9 J + 8
4(7 HA h8
8 ,h8 _ +=
:‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ‬
:6% )9
4?P7 :\= ,U,I '< 3 f; 2c. _ xr N a3 ]
," h8 ?> _ V" ,2c. %& (7 HA j7/ a3 N ;"
D9J
4(]G W +,)0 &" Z)/;"
D 9J

‫ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻞ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬- ‫ﺟـ‬
:s0 KK U8 +
&" ,f;
O " ,"" O & i> 2c. A ]"
O " ,W
4%[;" ,% ';" ,%P; :0 V" ,B q !0
/ −[
C xr* */ %*& Z)*/" h*8 A> +
& DC7DMJ s/ r] a<>"
_ 2*/

4n ir L;" ,r Z,' x ,)7 a3
*&" ,s*8 sq* \* 8 :% '*; 4*
[ %*F % '; o :JW AG
4r ]U| h/ (7 q + 8
*** \***<8 ,− : ,***& §edcba`_¦ :%*** M +***I +***/"
** h**/ (**7 q** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 sq** \** 8 :%**[;" % '**;
4r ]U|
D
4 ;LU sS
v %P; :d}% AG
٦٨
*]U| * h*/ ,(7 W +,)0 &" ,N)/ sq \ 8 :%P;
4r
3 :1*78 , * i*> ir> ?] ? N& & +
8 UG8 fM & "
, **
]/ 3 *** "L** sq** \** 8 :**[M" , **
]0 3 :**[M 3 4# **
B **[M
4 i> ir> +L! &"
4x;" ,?;" ,"L;" ,&; :\= ,7( + q !0
/ −p
,\*7= q* ?*] ,}*78 (*>" *A> *U
& 7M :
&/ ;r] a<>"
L _ i> ir; VrA" ,UW[ W U
& UGM"
:JW AG
*&" ,s*8 sq* \ 8 :&; 4
[ %F / &; ?&
D k ]U| h/ ,(7 q + 8
4\7=
q* +* 8 *&" ,s*8 sq* \* 8 :V*
MQ; :
*7
¤[* V
MQ; ]
4\7= ]U| h/ ,(7
:
J * :d}% AG
sq** \** 8 :**W ; 4²
'** **& *D *W ; Z**; '*
4(]G W +,)0 &" , N)/
+,)*0 *&" , * N)*/ sq \ 8 :{Q; :h
\)8 D{Q; Z>
4(]G W
§¼»º¹¸¶¦ :%* M +*I +*/" 4*S J 3 :fM AG
¯ %*F s*M
ir*> +*L! &" , \ 8 ]" "L sq \ 8 :s; 4:*/o
4" ]" i>
:n**; §rqponmlkji¦ :%** M 1*I
* i*> ir*> +L! &" , \ 8 ]" "L sq \ 8 :m;
4f

٦٩
:O A
P R Q :0
W
U8 S P Q S ,7
T T S +P S
S P P R+S
R
Q P%
R x
WR +
T ! P w SS
R ,8 R S R R R cP B
S R S P WS
*3 S P S P +
P S Q P S $S S d}c S R P M
f S P S (W
S (m
S R S 4
r9 R
@ P Q 6; P S IV:V
X QS SS r P R P S c
S R S Uo4
R P
S R JW
R P I(W S X S
:'I cg \ \ W
*<;" LD*9;"
J ,(*7 H*A ,)*0"
O O N* 9;J :B q !0
−
* 8
4L & ] n ir>
J
Z)D9/;" C hz89D &
J ,(D7 D J
q <M" ,h8D9;J :7( + , q !0
−
*& *] * i*> ir*> *<;" L*;" ,(]*| Z z )9*0D *& W <M"
4L
O i> \,I A> <M :fM 4 & :l
,i"r* %*&

v q" ,n ir> %& \
W8
\*
('*<" , 8"r " %& \

4 8"r f
%&

:‫ﻪ‬‫ﺳﺒ‬
ِ ‫ﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
 ‫ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
iq ?] ? a< f; ;a< f; %F iq a3 _ V"
hP ]
c i r]" ,(S, a3
c i <M +
F
,?7;- :VI 0 ,U,/M ('A ?q7M a< f; <" ,N& H&
N& H&" ,'<
O <;
C 3 –f
\,I −
c i8 4?7
8"
_
A > i V;M <; 3" –('A " , 8 " , P– a3 _
٧٠
= N& HA> r 8 N& A>" ,f
,/ ('A :>" EI"
:? / %& ,/ A> Z,'
:VI 0 ,cg ^
- W
O – a< f
iq – a3 A F −
N& HA> +
& 78 4?7;- %& E" ,?7;- E;" ,?7;- f!
q + 8 &" ,&8
O &8
O E I" 1" 1= _ ?7;- <8 ,=
1= _" ,('< ,/ A \ 1S ]U| h/ (7
h/ (7 W +,)0 &" ,)/
O O
+ 3 W :?7;- A E I" :y=
A E I" :u= 1= _" , ,/ A \ 1S ]U|
]U| h/ (7 ('< 2! &" ,%& :* "
O
O :?7;-
4 ,/ A>
:1*78 ,a' u0o h!"
'< h! %& q;
O a< V ¨);" −
H***" ,{***c E***;" ,?pI***- E***;" ,{***c Hf***!" ,?pI***- f***!
,(7 –('<" W" q– = HA8 4{cQ H" ,?pI-Q
4 ,/ A \ 1S ]U| h/
DDD
7M 8 ,
O Ar h! " %/= a< f; %F iq a3 A F −
:x7;-*8 ,x7;- f! :%/= _ h8 > _ 178 ,N& H& +
&
_ ^W %& ?/, \)
P f
" ,%/= +0 ;n + 8 &" s8 \&8
4+
F iq ! \
*A8 ,(*7 E'

> _ a< f
iq a3 _ ('< A f
*7; *8 ,;*7 ?*& 3" (]*| ?]" A> ?] ,?7;- %& E :VI _ (!
\*,I *U a*3 ¨7*" 1*> p* _ ];*7 q*;
O (*7 ('< :\
I" ,^W" aq 3F
4 :hU h] :G0 4Z
A
٧١
&" ,N)/ + 1 W :?7;-
C <8 ,?7;-
C E; :d}% 4 &
4%/= +0 ;a< f; _ B f
+,)0
2*! *&" ,f*, "* a :?7;-
R *8 ,?7;)
R H :M 4 &
4%/= +0 ;a< f; _ B f

:C o JM G+
*&" s*8 \*&8 :?*/U
C *<8 ,?*/U
C f*! :1*7M :JW 4 &
:
, 8*P */ E8r*> *I" ,a<* f; _ EB D 9 J aK ,f; E,70 ? " + 8
:)***8 , 8***P ***/" n***
W[ *** E8r***>" ,?***: **
D */U :\***- "
U/ m' A" ,(> < \= ]
8 f
" " E ! aK ,x/U

' P E,ID : J aK ,?/U
k J : )8 ,f
_ f
EB" f; " : J ,/A
E,78
D O
:
4?/U :H)8 ,f
,/ ('A
C
*&" ,N)*/ +* 1* W :?*/U
C *A ,?*/U
C E; :d}% AG
4a Ar h! +0 ;a< f; _ B f
+,)0
*&" ,f*, "* a* :?*/U
R *<8 ,?*/U
R H :M AG
4a Ar h! +0 ;a< f; _ B f
2!
D J ,*-7/
+**
& *C *78 O " ,)*
O *7 a<* f**; %**F iq* a**3 *A F −
\** , ,**/ **A \** 1**S" f**
+8**PF Z,'** 3 N**& H**A>
O (Ar N,¥
4)7" j7/ N&F a<> _ W0.
:}6 )9 G+
* h*/ ,n* %*& (7 q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c :x8 :x8 r]
iq* *! \* _ ^W %& ?/,
P a< f;" ,iq ]" ,r ]U|
4+
F
٧٢
%*& (*7 *W +,)*0 *&" ,N)*/ +* 1* W :x*8 :**8 x8 E;
%*& ?*/, \)*
P a< f;" ,iq ]" 4r ]U| h/ ,n
4+
F iq ! \ _ ^W
,n* %& (7 ('< 2! &" ," a :x8 :*8 :xW H
\* _ ^*W %*& ?*/, \)
P f
" ,iq ]" 4r ]U| h/
4+
F iq !
:6% )9 G+
f*
%*& (7 q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 :?
C *8 :?
C f!
\* _ ^*W %*& ?/,
P a< f;" ,iq ]" 4a< f; _ B
4+
F iq !
(*7 *W +,)*0 *&" ,N)*/ +* 1 W :?
C *8 :?
C E;
^*W %& ?/,
P a< f;" ,iq ]" ,a< f; _ B f
%&
4+
F iq ! \ _
(*7 ('*< 2*! &" ,f, " a :?
R *8 :?
R H
'< %& ?/, \)
P f
" ,iq ]" 4a< f; _ B f
%&
4+
F iq ! \ _
:D6 5:
h8e h])+ FG _%
^
)* *W a*3 :*0 V*" ,+,*/M */
A> ?q7; i> !"
4?7;- :0 ,a< f
iq
4{c :\= ,a' u0o h!"
4?pI- :\= ,
'< h!"
٧٣
+*&F %*& +08 ,%/= "
O Ar hD9!D a< f; %F iq A F
:r*
e (*7 HA ND 9;J +08 j7/ " )7 a3 VrA" ,i"
4 ,/ A> !
" ,\7D=
R "
:O A
R P ( P R ( R R
oS
S S ,
x S S :0

S P Q O P S
Q S jS R C
P S S "+Q S S
R 04 R R S R S ,(%
R P r Q S +P S
o Q P S
Q P IS 0W Q
P S (
S I
(
SQ S oW P S R P S P S O
R P S "Q x S !
S ] P R S R R

P IQ S YC
Q P W X P S S /j Q S P S ,(W ( S P m;
Q S P QS
C4
P S S 7
@ S R P !oi
S IS Q :6c x PS Q
P 8S } P S 3RWS ,
R Q 6 @RS S
P z )S #+

:‫ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪ‬،‫ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺟﺮ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
:f U :9+
@
_ ** +
q**7; xr** %**/ xo**M 3 i"**> ?**] :(**pL ** i"**>"
* h*/ (*7 * N*
8
D 9 J ,]* xr* a3 _ KoM V h U/<" ,

\*; 3 N*& \* ;*pL * i*> *A \* 1*S *]U|
4'A " ,aP " ,^8 A> (7 <M I" ,>" EI" _
&
\*&8 :\*! ,*p *! i*> :* ,\*! * f*! * :JW AG : GB
i*> *A \* 1*S ]U| h/ ,(7 q + 8 &" s8
4pL
§rqpon¦ :%* M +I +/" ,\! E; :d}% AG
,\**! :** \**<8 :
**S §¸¶µ¦ :%** M +**I" , :**L
1S ]U| h/ (7 8 U,)0 &" )/ E I"
'" ,L;L&"
4pL i> A \
٧٤
O (*7 H <M I"
,%*/=" a'* Ar* h*! :**A V*" ,*8>
4h 1= r]" 4V W;
)[ \] :VI 0
4p ! i> :
1*S *]U| * h*/ (*7 "* +* 8 *&" ,s8 , :
)[
YXW¦ :%** M +**I +**/" ,**pL ** i** ** ,**/ f**
\**
4 :
K §Z
**]U| ** h**/ (**7 "** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 co** **, :;**-0
4pL i ,/ f
\ 1S
¤*c :
/o*" ,*p ! i> f,8 ,
/o '
:VI 0 :d}% AG
*A \* 1*S *]U| * h/ ,(7 f
+,)0 &" ,N)/

4pL i>
: 9 D : ,*p *! i*> :f*,
/o*
:
/o* 9D
: '*
:17M Z)/ _ :b%G AG
\* 1*S *]U| * h*/ ,(*7 f*
+,)*0 *&" ,N)*/
¤c
4pL i> A
+* 8 *&" ,s*8 \*&8
*! 4
*! f! :170 :JW & G
4pL i> A \ 1S ]U| h/ (7
DC n
:f (] M U4 :(cV

@
C D J ?* "* :x ;*]""" N
]* *7M C J *U8 *pL +
,* * i>
4N
v z
4 80 C N :N :AG
(P
4pL +
,S ! i> :N"
C J
٧٥
1**S **]U| ** h**/ (**7 q** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 **, :(**P
4pL +
, i> A \
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c : 80
:
7 t 1I : AG
D 9 D : *****
?******:,
: *U : D 9 D *: ?*****
J J s0Q***** C *&D
D J D J J %**c
+"** : 9 D 9 b**A
D 9 D **, z 9DD
: 9 D D \**
"
4pL +
,S ! i> :N
C J ,N
C J "" :"
\ 1S ]U| h/ ,(7 q + 8 &" ,s8 , :\

¤c h8 \ _ :+" %c
W " ,pL +
, i> A
4,

4j ,?! 2,& 4 ,x/ m

,
٧٦
‫ﺇﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬

m,* \* 8 ,*cg \* *F" ,*cg ^
*- <; F :sq \ W
*& q* *<M" h*8
8J :^
) Q8 , '[ 1 8 VrA" ,+/& u;
4L & <' <;" L;" ,Z)/ & W <M" Z)/;" ,h8
‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬

:
sq* \* W h8
D J +! xr Z,' _ :x h8 \& _ (/ nc
,L*! " Z)*0 ( * 2*M
e :x ,L*! \*& " Z)*0 \ +7, & > _
:?] 1I %&
RR
:rM d?% Y M0
w _W c+ −[
O
4?p'< 8c
8< U! a] 17 r] N-"

s**8 :**7
8 ,
** /'** %**& x**; xr** **]" ,^**- **] r**]"
,V* * *
c r*]" ,x/ r] %& \ 8 ," Z-/ 2
:17;
xR R cS R

C0
Q S P S S r x
S S d? P
Q X M S Q j @ R S
S R 8`
Q J
P SP
W
:8` U _W c+ −p
\* *U8 ,*0 i* *] b*[0 h*8 xr =8
O ,?p'< 1I r]"
&q* i> +
& \c
C < ,?/, ]" ,bc +- ;K > xr
4
O ^,-
4 , :\
U' XS , :\)W XS , :i)0 :fg 2r] G0
4 :\
7& XS :V x G0
٧٧
**<; ?**,/; Ko**8 ,+**
8 \** ; 3 f?** fL**! Q** :1**7 r**] %**& "
C J
3" ,p
O &8
O sq <; – x r] %& – L; A ,
c
` 3
!c
`
4+ \pI
:): 08` _W c+ −s
%**F +,'**0 **I" ,
;)**, ** b**!L x"
8**< ** Z** K 1**I r**]"

**& %**& *;!
O \** W **< ,+* +@** :x ,a** &q* %**/ " 4+;,
*
4\&W a _ {Q
A ,+M/<" a3 HA>
, 8
O x – u
> +&F EqI 0F &q Q :17 r] "
C J
\pI 3" ,p
O &8
O sq <; Z]r r] %& L;" – L!"
O ,,)0"
O
4+
:)9 ! _W c+ −
sI" ^); u
> h7; +0 "; aU8 ,+;,
aU %&"
;), 1I ]"
4a3
D 9 J sq Q :r] %& ;"
h7; 3 a3" ,7; ] :0 _ ,h8; e DJ
4&8
O ] \ W A r] h" ,Y
q i">

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬
F *UG8 ,r* (*7 " ,(]*| *W ?*] Z)*/ &
%**F Z]r*
D *M y'**; :**0 ,f**
" "** *
` * " ,**cg ^
**- \** W **A
C ,!o*;" 3F # \
,* _ *] ?*; *" ,# %F &M
" :
?0';" ,'
D D e
`_¦ :%* M +*I *0 , '*[ 1* 8 _ Z)/ & ] / ir>
4 :(7,§ba
٧٨
:_` !
# d?c
– ?*A – * – :3i , ,-/ i" >Q m, F sq \ W Z)/;9J
{Q
*" ,*]
B" \
3 –
"" – 3 –
,,' f8 – %> – F
:?;
8 +
)WM
: −[
?**U8 ,1,7** )*
O *c +** !" ,+,)**0" ,sq** \** W ?**W/ **-c ?**]"
Z***] ? 3 " ***
Q ?q***7; \***] ***< ,\,7'*** _ \*** W ?***W/ ,?***W0 i***>
^
)*" , *
7 *; # *;® ?*W0 _ W 27 \! ,V %F x[L
42
WM 3 d
4¤) m M %> ,M :G
4N& + \ 3 ,<' %& ?/, 1,7" Z)0" ?W0 i> :
4(]G W +,)0 &" , :* N)/ sq \ 8 :,M
4 :& 1. §GFEDCBA¦ :% M +I +/"
4N& + \ 3 ,<' %& ?/, 1,7" Z)0" ?W0 i> :
1 8 +0 ;/ ir> +,)0 &" , N)/ sq \ 8 :/M
4\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P & """ , '[
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W :¤
3" ,+8*A _ x*[L *8c O ,?*W/ *

AM * *
WM 3" :Z*
, ?*/ N*A _ *] A
:_
* U
W/
7; a
Q E0A " :\
I ,\
& ]A" ,+!0 _ + 8c O 2
QM
:(***7, §UTS¦ _ *** ***A ***<" , :a;*** §SRQP¦
4 4*] 4+& \- " ,<M
O
٧٩
:O A
R R R X P R P S R o R P
R S R S
P lS
P S
S x 8
P 30 S
P S 9S /n S S ,3
P S S ]}c
QP
:} 3 −p
4\
3 U7, F ;) <M 0F"
@ −+
:?; \= @&F" :; §º¹¦ :\= :k#
4Z)0" x) i> :?A ,\
M i> : ::(
4
80 :9
1 8 +0 ;/ ir> +,)0 &" ,?A* N)/ ,sq \ 8 :)n;
,\**&8 h**8 \** _ <'** %**& ?**/, ,\)**
**P : **& """ , '**[
aA* * :;*7" ,\*
* "* :]* *" ?A V,'/ )"
4a<0L>
9 *I **8 ,?**/<M ?**A V**¡! :\**= :
V**0" ,?**< \**- H* @ 6; −h
V*¡! :VI _ I A ,sq \ W Z)0 _ U/
U/& f/ E8r>
4?/<M ?A
: 8j ui"

P :\&W fM" ,\&W f +)M3 ,<' %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 :V¡!
^*W %*& ?/, \)
P :i<" ,\&8 h8 \ _ ,aq %& ?/, \)
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _
4Z)0" x) i> :?A
: ,)0D 0F"

U" ;
8> %& ?]" ,\,7' )[ ;) dA _ * UU, sq E D D
4 :\
U' XS :G0 4A U
0K" ,XW
٨٠
,(]*G *W +,)*0 *&" ,?A * N)/ ,sq \ 8 :<M :?/<M
?*/, \)
P :f
" , ;I :/" ,E0 2;7M !"
O '
P \&W"
]** **" ?**A ** V,'**/ )**" ,+** 1** W Z)**0 \** _ <'** %**&
4x;F VA V¡! :;7" ,(7 "
sq* \* W" ,\*
*
W *! i*> ?A E0A U,I 7M
C a 8
4{Q
A ,!"
O (q Q N)/ ]
:O A
R R R X , 8
R S 9S P S R o R P
R S R S
P S
P S
l P 30S x P
PS /n S S 3
P S S ,]}c
QP
:/j −
S N! ?] ! 3F Z); 8 ,fL" N
W; i> :F
:"S K= Z)/; 0F" ,VA
D F ?/MQM F :aUI 0 ,Ar
:*/j$ : d}% 2
4" 0 :1I !
O D : 9 J F :17M A ,: ? & /; /+ – +
,VA
D : 9 J – U,I %& ] & Q < > _ F E I" 8
,−E]
:hI KK _ V"
D J : 9 J F 0 :0 ,U,I O¤c ] <; :i4
4VA
D J F ?/MQM F :0 ,U,I !
4VA O ] <; :FG
4bc
J 3 F #" :0 ,U,I a'7 !
O ] <; :HG
4] \ W h8" ,U]F Z; hP 2r] ?W8 −
4 :\
U' XS
٨١
D F :+**I **0 ,:]60C

:V** 1**I ** ,V**A @ i
!
# / /+ −h
J 4B
:r<] N M" O "
4fL" N
W; ,<' %& ?/, ,Z)0 i> :/j
SR P Q
D : 9 J :O+
,(]G W +,)0 &" ,F N)/ ,sq \ 8 :A
\* _ ^*W %*& ?/, \)
P :i<" ,0 2;7M '
P \&W"
:
,]* \* W h*8" D : 9 J 1 %& 3
` ] \ W A 8 ,+ 1 W Z)0
D J E*]
J
+*0 ;s*8 ¨)*M \* W8 ,¨)M F :E78 ,u; V7;- VK> F :0
4V,> J
e :V 1I ¨)M C
F :VI 0" ,1 %& 1
– #" – F :\**= ,C6 :}
@ #% + ,*/j$ :}
@ 0 !
# / /+ −***!
4Z)/ VA D:9J
D : *8J **8
\** W h**8 Z**!"" ,E**] a'**7 **
B \**-W \** W
**" **U/
\)*
4h8 VA
J _ F" ,h8 VA
J – ;
J ; – F :\= ,]
:‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬
,
*/K
* x*M ?* (" _ UG;" ,fL!" N! i %'M F
4A 0 :" 17; ; :0
*0 :1*7 !
O F H)8 ,^/M – #" – F " ,^/M F :"& 17
8
a*" ,< - _ hI"" ,\,7' %& 1 \ W" ,(Ar %& fL!" ,A
,F :** \* W Z)*0 Z!8 ,a'7 U/
\)8 " ,\-8 \ W" F
\)W;
*!"
k ,^/*M \* W E* 8 ,^/M
J ; ; F :E78 ,a'7
E)8 <
4W)&
J Z)/
D
\** W h**8 **! ,n6**& ** F E** I" F :F ** +,)**0" \** W h**8
1*]F %*& h8*8 h*8" Z)*/ V<;D J : 9 J F" V
MQ; ; :\= ,+,)0" ]
٨٢
KJI¦ :%*** M +***I t***IJ

U!***" ,***U&F %***& Z)***/" ,F
4V8c =,; 3 F" , :f §L
:O A
:?
S S Q
Q P R P S 5?
Q P S !
# P S z Q /j P SSPS P
:]60C R S R R ]}
Q / Q S SS
c
x P R R P S R $ j R c R P ]
S S S >8

S
P S
P */j SR S S

W P S d}
P P S (
Q ( S Q S P S +P S
:} /+ −
:+*7 *
> * V \ ;" ,Z-/ e J ?] / <" (LU ^W */+$
\* M *d V*" ;U*- :x 4?*A ,F ,* _ i*c3" *U
& ¨*WM3 \

4(q" (]|
:d}% I 8 2
9 D _ ;"
:"S ,-/ ;)
@
:6 > x P R - */+$ v]C;
. 8 P Q 9+ – [
D C D *MD ,m*D *7M
,7
* C D ,a* :
D *&D :**0 ,
**7
" ,a** %**& 1**M ?** 1** 8 ** :x
§hgfed¦ :***0 , ***
7= *** ***WW[ r***¡/
> ***d8 ,***]0"
D 9 J ,] \ W h8

8 :\L
:?A N M"
+*&8" ,
* W Z)*/M ,*| H*c * ,^*W %*& ?/, ~ \ 8 :a&
4] :2;7M ,!
O '
9
,¤**[ h**8M" ,a**3 Z)**/M , **
7= ** **WW[ ,Z)**0" **
AM i**> :
4] :2;7M ,!"
O i"r Q
P U"
٨٣
,s*8 lI*0 *0 sq* \* 8 :*<; ,1,7* i*> :
'* :<

i)* sq* ]" – (]G q + 8 &" ," Z-/ & 2
4¤[ Z)/;" a3 h8; – [/ A
:i*< ,N*& * +* \* 3 <'* %*& ?*/, ,*! i> : :a</
*" ,h* *& :a
* ,* :** *! \* _ ,aq %& ?/, \)
P
4<; ¤c
/pA :2;7M i"r m ! +,S :""
* h*/ ,n* %*& (*7 q + 8 &" ,s8 <; a :%P
D 9D
4)7 a +0 ;r ]U|
)**" , **WW[ ¤**c h**8 \** _ :**]¤c" U**" **<; **!"
4a</ %P A a& :;7" ,a& ? W '
k k ] " V,'/
,h*8 :*U!" ]* \* W _ *! V* " ,*G
k *
W; * U
& 7M 8
: : 9 D 1*c" ,Ar*M
D D J "
,8'*M 9 ,8'*M
J D J D J
" ,Ar*M 9 E*//| :V*I *0 ,Z)/"
,*]¤c ?*7" U* ir*>" , 9 D E*WW[8 ,*7M
J V*0 E*//| −h8 h− ;7"
48'M
J V0 1c :_ VrA" ,+&8" \ W ]"
:(*p §DCBA¦ :% M # 1I
U! tI I"
3 : 9 : %& 3

` 2*,& %& Z)/ tI" ,
7
" a J
` \ W ,& <M tI
4V" G %&
:+7 O
; m, %F"
R R R X , 8
R S 9S P S R o R
P S
P S
l P 30S x P
PS /n S S 3P Q P cP R S R S

S S ]}
**Kg" H**U
! N**A" , :i**M , :**/ N**A _ Hf**7 2r**] H"
?p'*<" ,(L*>" ,"& h8 ]I , : ,' K= Hf7
8)" ;/
4Z)/ I," lW> I" , K= nc" N7 ;" , ,'
٨٤
X S R R P R S P S {? R
P R >
X Q
Q IW P S /+ SS P S
P I#(#L; 608 S P X S ,IS R d}cW
P z S JW P P S
:Dr /; 9+ −p
*
WM E*0A F" ,U8r*> h* *< \*[; 3" ,*< *> _ h*7M ? ?]"
:*0 ,*" a'*7
* {Q*M QA ,N& + \ 3 ,p i> ?]" ,
A
4U \& 3 (p ;s8 7; \ W8 ,+A ;
v 7;
J # a'I
:DC# /; 9+ −s
* 3F ]* h*7; 3 +*0 ;]* sq \ W Z)/; 3 ('W E0A 8
ÁÀ¿¦ :%* M +*I *0 ,1*7 %/ U
8 I,' <M" ,,B
O
4 :j §srqpo¦ :% M +I" ,:/o §ÃÂ
:" +
8 H8M :AG
D : 9 J
4\UM :
9 D ?/o; ,ArM
D D J
9 y'; ,7M 9 D ?/, ;
D C D D D
:h8 c
:ArM y';
, *;I /" ,(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 sq \ 8 :'; :y';
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ <' %& ?/,
P :f
"
N)*/ sq* \* 8 :Ar*M ,1,7" Z)0" x) i> : :ArM
\*&8 h*8 \* _ 1"o* )* Ar*M " ,(]*G *W +,)*0 &" , :*
D J
4VMAr y'; :;7" ,e';
:D` */+$ d}%;
Q P S 30 _` !
# d?c
:'I sq Z-0
,*" , ;) :¢W ]" ,+'W/ sq \ W Z)/; :AB
4F" ,;7M
O O I,' ?A"
" GW
٨٥
:&0 ]" ,2 (q :* sq \ W Z)/; :FG
4{Q
A ,¢W ?]" ,!"
O (q :* Z)/; :i4+
{Q
A ¢W 'c ?]" ,!
O (q :* Z)/; :q
:@ D` /+ : d}% :AB C6 −

:b04 −[
:** N)/ ] \ W" ,! i> ?U8 ,%> sq \ W hI" F
E*0A F" ,%*> :** "* \* W" * V,'*/ )*" ,!"
O (q
:
/ > xoM ?U8 (Ar W) %>

c¦ :%* M # 1*I _ V*" , %*F %*/ := b 8 /; /+ −+
4 :(7, §lkjihgfed
%*> H* :V*I *0" , :(7, §¹¸¶µ¦ :+I 0"
: /; \c
:(B h8j & A6;
\*&W f*M" ,\*&W f* +)M3 ,<' %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 : :H
4\&8 h8 \ _ ,aq %& ?/, \)
P
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> :%>
+,)**0 **&" ,%**> ** **!"
O (q** *** N)**/ sq** \** 8 :\**c
*&" ,N)*/ +* 1* W : */; ,*0 2;*7M '*
*P \&W" , W
** "* )* \*;"QM _ +
& Ec " ,%> (q " , W +,)0
41c :2;7M ,%>
<; Q V" ,?A " %/ <8 :!(
0 b 8 /; /+ −h
O
:V*I *0" ,*8" ?* h/)*; %*> +*A :V*I *0 ,]* ,,
O U,I
:17M
c 1= N&" ,/M %> >
٨٦
4E0 :2;7M !"
O '
P \&W" 4<' %& ?/, , \ 8 :>
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> :%>
**W +,)**0 **&" ,%**> ** (q** *** N)**/ sq** \** 8 :**/M
,%**> :*** "** )** \**;"QM _ ]** **" %**> ** (q** " ,(]**G
4(/ %> :;7"
(*
W *U&I" ]S" , 3F %/ <8 :7%G0)9 b 8 /; /+ −
:& 1I f/=
J : D V;****
D 9 D D ****" : **
: J J 9 **
\****
I D J D %****>
D D ****M C D O D D D 1q**W
>** D fJ D D 9
**
D 9 D
:"S K= %> sq \ W h8 Z;" :b04
!
# JW
J
F */; \*c O
%*> H* :\*= ,+ 3"o ` <; −
" 1 %& 3
41c f/K +I
J
4\c h8 /; \c %> HJ E/A :1 1"o 1="
Z, /; 1c 8 ,m' 1=A ,U,I & ,,'
O ] <; −
4
' &
* V*" ,+*0" m'* *< (p8 aM : q8 ] <; −
4
W A ?]" \&8" \ 8 H
:O A
P S 4S S C
/f X Q ;S b04
X S
P M
Q S 0
T P 4S P S $
*/+ Q S "jP R oS i
S S b04
X S
S
P S S
S S P S P
:]60C R R c
Q d} P S
X
W
R
S S P R 9Z
S X S Q P 9
@ 4S bX04S
S ;PR S
٨٧
:?W/ ] " : M 9 −
: 9 J : E/A :\= ,?W/ < I,' ?]"
i¦ :% M +I" ,& nc
{ z y x w v u t s r q p o n m l k j
4 :" §onml¦ :% M +I" , :f'/ §|
42
U
c A :/I 0"
4N& + \ 3 ,<' %& ?/, i> ,
80 :
4^W %& ?/, ,lI0 ~ \ 8 :A
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 A a :c
,N*& * +* \* 3 ,'*< %*& ?/, i> , 3 : :
U

\*&W" ,* 3 * *!"
O (q* ** N)*/ sq* \ 8 :
U;"
4m' a3 %& p& ,] :2;7M '
P
f* * +*0 ; *W &
0 n +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W :2
*" 4+*
F iq* *! \* _ ?*/, \)*
*P f*U" ,iq ]" , '
4A ¤c Z)0 \ _
W
:*9j$ + *b04$ b%
30 *+$ −
D 9 J :(*/ 1*I Vr*" , ; %& U3 " PF Z;
q*M
,?7> ?/
q7M " V/L :/I 0 " hP _ %> ^- F "
4?7> ?/
q7M %F " ,?7> ?/
q7M %> :x
:& 1I +/"
: : D *: 3FC : 1**
)** J *g : *70
D 9 H**
D D 9 ***8
DD %**D/ D : 9 J "9 D Z )*
J C D : 9 *
D 9 C * U'* D 9D D
:
W %& yS XS" , :\
7& XS" , :Z
, ?/ NA _ E
, r] "
4%F %/ ? %> %/ " Hf! u
> %/ " +
8 ]" 4
٨٨
*UGM 3F :x ,+*Mf *UGM
D " aU* %*& a*<9;J :0 3F %/ <M"
:& 1I +/" ,+Mf
: D : EJ ******9/A"
D D 9 D "9 D *****U A

7'*****M D D J J H'*****A
J 9 D D 9 *ID (*****
***** D *D/ID HL*****
J 9 *BD D F J D
4
7'M 3F :x
:O A
R S /+ R S *b04
P S *9X$ + R R 3WR { } S R +P S
S S S
3# X S $ I

S "
PS Q Q P S j S P S uo
: d > + , 3#% ]C (]]C 7W −

+*I :?*W/ I,'* 1*=" ,]* *
8 Z,*
v *U,I ;
,,' E
"
DR
4 :68 §~}|{¦ :% M
1* 8 * +*0 ;*/ ir*> +,)*0 *&" ,N)*/ sq* \ 8 :M
8
3 Y* ?*W/ I,'*
,,'* f*8 * *!"
O (q* +,-0" , '[
4%q7;
D
" ,~* " ,?*U/ " ,* :* *<M ?* ?*U8 ,Z* I,' "
* E*
_ *& ?*]" ,f&* " ,UW3 " ,?!
R " ,?/ " ,Y
:
: 9 : 9 \"
*D *A D D *AD ,b"
J D *9 *ID ?*J *W9 C/ r* J 9 D ,* DD
C *M J : R D ~&"
aUq D 9 D D sJ "
9 D +0"
D 9 D J
:3i ,~(] d(;; b 8 GB
4"'8 "! :B AG – +
4/8 \ M 3 :3I% AG – h
:a*& :*G0 4a
7'M 3F %/ %& a
7'M Z)0 :+
8 ] :1I" ,a& ;L a& +,'0
4 :\
7& " , :yS XS ,
٨٩
:78 AG −
: *
c : : * /** D : *& D D ?******: /78"
/**
9 D *D ** D C : D *D
9 D ?***8
&'** ******&
9 D 1***** 9 D ******8 9 R D N
R D
Ã Â Á À ¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º¦ :% M +I +/"
Ó Ò Ñ Ð Ï Î Í Ì Ë ÊÉ È Ç Æ Å Ä
4 : 0; §×ÖÕÔ
4<8
D 0 \M 3 :aP

S AG −
V
c E,A ] : AG −i
4 :f'/ §¶µ´³²±¦ :3%0 AG −
?+ Z
Q8
D D
y&; ,VK>Q8 ?)M \] :I#0)9 AG −r
:& 1I +/"
: D D ?*****: " z *
D cJ J E**
D D 9 *D/8D ****
,)**** v *& 9 J *****U" D D D E** D D D H**
9 *88 9 D *&"
D D ** 9 C D *
9 D ***;D
D R )0
4?AQ8 O V ? :30 AG −1
:(]]C 7W & 6; b 8 d E + 3#% ]C (
−
sq* :'*/; \* W8 ,?*W/ ¨,' ,aU'W0 '/;"
[ "Q; a :AG
ir*> +,)*0 *&" ,?*W/ I,'
"" !"
O (q * N)/
4 '[ 1 8 +0 ;/
:?® ? 1I : AG
: D * 8 D : V***
9 D D F D 9 : ?MQ****
:9 D z J J
a
***
J *G&D E*** 9 D D ***
D *
& v *&D +****
J *= D *M"D m*****c **** D *9/MD 3D
9 *&D +****
, : **
W %**& y**S " ,\**p7 +,'**/; a**" , :\**
7& ** X**S _ E**
, r**] "
4f& N! _ +0 ;
,,' f8 \ W Z)0 u
> 1& 8 :+
8 ]"
_ *
"" * sq* \ W Z)0 u
> {QM" +
8 ]" ,?® ? ,\
7&
4 :yS " , :!"
O (q :* ?U/ N!
٩٠
%*/ * l*c :x ;Y* ?*W/
I,'* dA :" " fW _ /I"
DJ
,/K*8 3F /
MQM :0 ,3 Y7/ ?W/ i[ , 7' = 0 H,K
,x*;7M UW*3 ?* ?*W/ " ,/K*M *8 */
MQM * :*0 ,?*W/ ?W/"
4+A V _ Z)/ h/; +08 ,V
F '>Q8 ?/MQM a :0
:O A
_fM S R P Q S
P S S Ik; @ P S ;
P Q S :
S S J P R Q /j
S Q P S #;
P S I# P R #
S P S
Q S P S
:DM 3 −
4?/<M ?A E¡! :\= ,;7M
O O U
& \cM a ? ?]"
3" ,GW
:r
@ D` /+ : !
# d}% o FG C6 −
4\
3" ,n i"> :¢W 'c ?]"
:>
U4 :9+
@
:#E
*+$ −[
N* *
B *U8 ,m* *
B *! x :l*c a* I,'* <M
a*" ,\*&W a* *0 ,\* W \*;"QM _ xr* a*3 Vr* b[8 ,\ W ;7
4n i">
7 _ ; VrA" ,1 W
ÙØ×ÖÕÔÓÒÑÐÏÎÍÌË¦ :V*** 1***=
4 : §ÛÚ
Z)/8
>"
O lc a %& \; \ W n& I % M # :]"
4!
O D \ W
(q :* \;
:#E
−p
:& 1I 0
: J e *
: ,*** : *FD : Z****>D : D *******7M" z
iW*** 9 *J ***
9 * ?***
C e D 9 C D D D (f*******,&
?*******/
& D J 9 JD
D D ,*******"
٩١
l*c a %& n& \ W ;!
O P 7M Z)0 :+
8 ]"
4 ,9J ]"
:#E
7# −s
:& 1I 0 ,lc a %& fW n& F sq \ W Z)/
8
: J *9/AJ ** : J D *******
N**M O D 9 : *J *K"J E*
: D D %**D &D **MF D +
*******PQ8
JD 9 ¯ D 9 J h******
J *IM D 9 *D
e D D 3******
+**&I ,*
O *! (q** :*** \** W Z)**0 u**
> +
*D *PQ8 :+**I :]**"
k ^;- a %& fW 8
4hIM O
:#E
*V$ −
:& 1I \=
: D D *** Nq** : 9 C *AD D : 9 D a**** O 9 D *J ?*****:I"
9 D D ?*****0FR :
J D D 9 E***8&
***7, C J D 9 *;J =** +****
J *7& C *KJ <
****
*!
O (q :* sq \ W Z)0 u
> +7& aK :+I :+
8 ]"
4\7 ]" \ W ;7 lc a n ? aK
*I" ,*&8
O *<; a*3 r*]" ,l*c a* %*& n*& *I \* W /;
4 7' = _ A )/
O <;
:O A
P R S P Q +P S ,0@ R VS ./+
Uo% QQ
R PS
P S - ]}%; P R>8Q !T
W
R x R S
P t PRS
S S /j
x )P b 8
:!(
0 9 −
:
6 – !
O – ] qM"
*I" ,*! 3 E*0A *U;Q E7, 8 ,* $ + */ $ v]C; 9+ −[
4]A m,
, :V* *3 ,\
U'* X*S" , :?6
'* ,h*U h*] NA _ E
, r] "
4 :yS XS" , :\
7& XS"
٩٢
µ´¦ :\*= *U|F Z*!" *@ *I 8 ,(W% : !

# /06 9+ −p
?* *U|F Z*!8 , *
80 3" ,\*
*8 :*; §¸¶
4a ; 3 :\- " ,< _ EB
§¦¥¦ :%** M +**I :
7'**
6** _'** fM AG
9 U| a'0
4 D +&F _
8 , : 0 §¨
* 3
Hf! F ]" ,>" 6 _ U|F Z; +0 a 0 r@"
4m, A ,sq \ W %& c
8/ 3"
:O A
R @ S R S */+
P R S ]?c P S $ Ilj
8
P Q /j Q SP R P R 0
f Q P
S 9 R S S *9S$ (
S P S S
R P Q 04 S S WS *9S$

S "+ S S 3#cP S
@ P S / S
P S S S P Q +P S
S` S P Q !
@ Ik P 8
S P /n
: PF _ A6 ?:
9
:H3> K U \
3
3 **U,I ** %'**M" ,?**W/ **< E7,** F V**" :"e h −[
4
4
8/ 3 ] hI" F :Ile h −p
4A x ?7
8 V" :B r −s

٩٣
‫ﺟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬

1 8 _ / ir> U/& N/;" ,<' ?]
- L & /8&
L* – q*;
O – */8&" ,*cg \* \* W _ * i*> ir>" , '[
i*> 1*cF %/ 3 +0 V" ;f jc A ,1 8 jc
: : E*,] :− =*
D D *
*; 3 Vr*A" ,Z* 9 O – 1*7; *; *8 ,\ W %&
1 * * ,* a* :− =
O – 17; 8 ,a3 %& a L i> 1cF
4+/
W A s/3 V N
:Z N! _ L U
F 8P 'I L H""
:‫ﺍ‬‫ﻼ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺰﻡ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
4
]/ 3" , 3" ," ,a :?]"
:*[$ −[
i*> ?*]" ,+L
8 ,Z'8 sq \ W %& 1c l[; i> ?]"
Ar*; a* :*/I *8 ,?*P _ \* W ?W0 :x ,?W/ %/
W;" ,ZI" L!" ?W0
xr* 1* */ Q*S 3" ,?*P _ +*" * *A * :2/ ,+"
: : D E9,D78
4?P %F 1,73 " 1 \: 9W D D D D −a< EI" x– +
8 0
4 :jc §LKJI¦ :% M 1I :AG
?*/, ,?P %F 1 \ W ZI :x ;ZI" L!" ?W0 i> :a
4N& + \ 3 ,<' %&
:& 1I \= V" ,N Y /& ] sq L; 8 ,a \© I
**** ***8; a*** fW
)*** ***; a©***" \***] *** ***8 3***
:Z*
, ?*/ :*G0 4("*P *dF :\*
I" , * *d V* * a*&" ,a* * h*8 *8; \ W8
4
٩٤
'*
*P \*&W" ,<' +L! &" ,a* "L sq \ 8 :;
4a;< a3 %& ; ,] :2;7M"
+* \* 3 <'* %*& ?/, ZI" L!" ?W0 i> :a , W6& :" :a"
4N&
\*&W Z*p0" ,<'* +*L! *&" ,a* * "L* sq* \ 8 :;
4# a;< a3 %& ; ,] :2;7M '
P
:
−p

*P
O +*/ Z*7;" ,+*
W/;" ,+*L
8 ,sq* \* W %& \c; i> ?]"
4 : ,& §¡~}¦ 0 ,a \=
4N& + \ 3 ,<' %& ?/, ,ZI" L!" ?W0 i> :
4f
i> ir> +L! &" , "L sq \ 8 :Y7;
:*$ ,*$ ( U:09 \#;9 +
:\#;9 +
: _ 7W;
4sq )[; 8> U8 :
8 −
42
B %& c; 8 ,sq \ W %& 1c j)c3 −N
4sq L! − *!
*U
0K H*!"
*! ?q*78 ?*P %& Uc i4+ :]" * c. U!" /]
4! !" i> :U
8 17;" ,+A f! :0 ,]3" !" /&
?*/ 4§QPONML¦ :*0 ,
*3 * %*& \c*8 , f/=* i*> <M :I(cV
4 , :Z
,
٩٥
:x ,Z*A a* :*0 ,?*P %*F 1,7*3 " 1* * sq ZI −
4%q
8
:U:09 + :(cV

@

L** fL**! h**
! ¨'** ?**W/ ?**W0 ** L**; **8 :m** ?**W/
3 Vr" ,1 \); %> ?P ****; \**** ,1**** %****F @)****
,E** 8 a**K \** 8 *
C :1**7M ^)**; JI¦ :% M +I 0 ,3
:VI %/ ;1 \) U
W/8 Vr***" ,+***& ***;" ,§LK
,g %**> \** WM a** V**0 :\** 8 **
C 4E 8 aK \9 D89 a
9 :17M ^);
4V YI/; E 8 aK :VI"
*8 ,1)* h*I : * ?W/ 4+)> hI; 3 :a * ?W/
4G/ 2W'8 8 :EI
4S ( sI" ; 3 F :*0 ,*S ( * *U&I" ;
4/M UM a
E**I :*0 ,**U"L ir**> **; ("*P _ 3F *U"L ir> ; 3
9 D 4" /;
4Uc " :x :& 17 ,
U& ? VDD ; :
D " W>
a:D F" ED9-D"D F N& ;
4\)M a F" :x
٩٦
:l
:*$ b 8 I#0)9 Dfi ~ j −[
" aUW'** Z**; :x ,**;7 UW**3 **-" ,**U& %**& a** E**
7
:%* M # 1*I" ?V,!" Z<M a :\= ,+o %& Z6[ !
O a<
4 :X §xwvu¦
4L! ( a" ,UW :(LU :§u¦
4<' +L! &" ,a "L sq \ 8 :§v¦
4§v¦* m ,"" ! :§w¦
iq** **]" **W +,)**0 **&" ,N)**/ +** 1** W **- :§x¦
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/, \)
P i<"
O *; *$ b 8 I#0)9 Dfi !; −p
1***7A ,***U& %***& %***7,8 ,q**
:&
: : *>: %***&
J : D Z
*
?s" J 9 C *"D ^* 9 D **
J *- C D :E* 9J D
D *I" D D Z
**
%***& D *D E** 9 D D
**
D *,M& DD
J 9 D \ W L! D : J 78*
,)***********************************************************
E*c ?* * * *U&I , * i*>D R ir* ^*-
4U
& UW3 (L]
:d > 8" : −
:U/ , U" ] sq \ W LM"
:%** M +**I **0 ,%**0 %**F %**& ** Z** **A F m**7; :B −+
ÊÉÈ¦ :%* M +*I +*/" , :¨ §jihgf¦
4 :(7, §Ë
4 / %F +,'0" , :a& " , :+;,

NA _ ] r] "
٩٧
# 1**I +**/" ,%**& %**F %**0 ** Z** **A F m**7;" :78 −h
4N ; ? W
9 :Z0r 1I" , :icL§ZYX¦ :% M
*p ¨)* <
* :V*
L V*7A :V;"'*; * EI F :09 −
4rA \ W
,¤*M %*> f"* N* :V*
& L;L& Y; VI 0 :J> 7 −
4y 2r] ; xr ] ¨
'8
:170 :¨§jihgf¦ :0 ,N&"
** +** \** 3 '**< %**& ?**/, i**> , ** ** 3 :** :m**W/

4<' +L! &" , "L sq \ 8 :mW/; ,N&
**]" '** f** ** +**0 ;"** +** 8 **&" s**8 \**&8 :" : ** "
4(]G ('< 2! &" ," +
F iq : ,iq
:*p$B 9 4
C J " ,n* "" * E* I" F" ,Z]r :\= ,'< 3 A>"
" ,a*K
"** ** ** '**< ,Z]r**
" **c a7
** :**0 ,**U<;M" U/
<'**M **! f**W
~}|¦ :%** M +**I **0 ,a**K" f**W ** r**A" ,d<**F"
4 :w §¢¡
:(i% .9- −
*>F *& s*/3 :x ,n*<
C D
Z*6[ * a<* Z*6 :2/ ?U/"
4\© 3 :VI 0 3 +7, xr \ W
4 :Z
, ?/ :G/;
4 :Z
, ?/ :G/;
٩٨
º¹¸¶¦ :%** M +**I **0 ,78 b%

bj 3I% L •
L*& aU7*c %*F *, <; 3 ?U/ ; :(7,§½¼»
4\!"
– ¨
'*" 4g i)*/M 3 :V*
L VI 0 ,0: 3I% / •
4 %/ %& 1; xr ] – q;
O
4g i)/M 3 :
c 1= N&"
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> , !
]0 :3
4<' +L! &" ,3 "L sq \ 8 :i)/M
4Z)0 \ _ ^W %& ?/, , i| :g
:+7 O S >"
O 8
O LM ? H" %F"
S i
P S o
X S R P R P 3WR
S S ,!
# f
S P S J
R x S :
S S R
P "S @]ES 9
:d > h & fM

" ,?*d " ,* * h*7; Q*A ,L*; +*08 Z* * *!
O sq hI" F
:{gA V \
)WM" ,bM
¯ " ,Y
qM " ,~& " ,UW
C D :0 , −
9 D J a9 M
4WM
D J \'<M 3 :0 ,?U/" −
4'M
?!oM
9
c
O \ WM \] :0 ,UW3" −
4"'
O <M 0"LM
J 3 :0 ,~ " −
4
c 9 D D UM ]
O \/M C :0 ,Y
q" −
4"'
O A HU! ?/
:0 ,?/" −
4( ' LWM
9 # h
M
J V :0 ,?!" −
٩٩
:d > h & fM !8
;*78 ,* \* 8 h* , *8"r F ** *] 0F Z \ W L!" •
\*] :!o*M *
c 9 J D M
O \ WM \] :VI ;7M" ,'M 9 J D !
9 J 8 ! :'M 9 J :VI
4 =
7 V %& I" ,!oM O
c \ WM 8 ?
c
O \ WM
3 Z** a**&" ,** %**/ +/q** +'**W0 Z** L** F :\**
I" •
D 9J

*- * *]
B " ,UW*3 " ,?U/ " ,
) <; +
8 ;
**0 ,%*/ _ *,6
O *A F ,x¤*[ **< * \* W L*; \* ,Z*
# %*7M :aU*I +*/" ,*
c
O m*M
D *U 6 :x ,*
c
O mMD V; h
M :VI
4+
& Z=;
c
O \ W
" # m
:x ,+
& Z=;
c
O ®
:*[$W
−*<; *; \* ,2 L ^)
\ W W <; Z; 3 −
9 D 9 J ^
,7 & +- :0 , \ 8 a – q;
*< */& V {Q
" −noM O
47M A Z @ ; ;¤c <; ;" – \ W a &
J D 9 J −
3 :*0 ,+*
&
6 F 1c ^); ?U/ L ) ;
^)*; a* *8 ,a'M
9 J 3F :17M ^); F ;a'M
M 9 J
M
J
h*8 ,V*© * M 3 :0 ,2 \ W h8 Z!" +
& F 1c
,)*7 %*/ '*W V© M 3F :17M ^); 3 F ;V©
4?p'< V !"
4 , :?/

; ," h!
١٠٠
\* W *
)*7; D : J F 3F Z \ W L;
D 9 J Q* ,fL* +* )I 9 J 3 −
:%* M +*I *0 ,* *& Z,' fL! A ,+,I & Z,'
4 : 0 §¦¥¤£¢¦
F :;*7" ,Z L8 ad
MF & ,,' (" §¤¦ \ W L8
+*/" ,*7 *S */]
* F ;h8 Z!" V )7; a 8 ,a<
& \M yMQM
kjihgf¦ :+***I" , :K***
k §¯®¬¦ :%*** M +***I
KJIHGFEDCBA¦ :+**I" ,, :a;** §l

nmlkj¦ :+****I" , :+****6 §RQPONML
4 : §po
:O A
x Q L;
S S S ] P R$ P S 3Ic Q P S S
J
P 6 S S /
S Q *9S$ ! P S */j J`;
P S S /+ x P S
x P S 2
S P S f
*0 *& fL* +* )*I" :+7 >" : ; ZA< _ N 1I
¨**WM a]**UM h**8 4 : ** §nmlkj¦ :%** M +**I
:+* *; *0F" ,a]*UM I- aU/ rcQM F :%/ + )7
O
+0< , ,'
%*& L tI : J " , I- W- a]UM 8 ,aU (U I- aU/ rc
, * , /*
k (f*7 *< ,*
7 _ h*/; a* a]*UM I- aU/ rcQM F :%/
t*I +*08 ,, :a;* §lkjihgf¦ :%* M +*I V* \="
?* Z© F :;7" ,Z] * !
O 3 ,
"
` * W- ?/K; ! ;7 ,h8
:& 1I +/" ,?/K;
" ` V0
: J C *
* : 7'*
9 : *: : : *9/"D Z* 9 : *
: D *D *A : : D:
\* D 9 D D 1c*
: *8 R }
D 9 *D *D * 1L* D z *
,> 9 * V**,09 D **WI
١٠١
,f*W +*
& \> n& h/ 1c
C fL! }7' 7; a 8
4\Q %& V %W[; 3 A
*WI :%*/ " ,+* !8 r] Z;I A 7 XS ]S %& ?>S _"
1L**/" Z**
,> **A %**& f**<, _ y&**" ?** %**& ** M 3" ?,>**- **;
: J u
> V,0 _ :]" ,\8 1c fL!
\ h7/ /&
/pA
;L!
,V*,0 *W7M F :x ,fL* +* )*I" ,f*W * *c +*0 V*" , N! +0
4*] aU8I" & Z,' f<,8
:v]) ?:
:&0 }78 >"
O 8
O LM ? sq \ W !
:?]" ,}78 8
O LM i"> −
4§LKJI¦ ,?P +,78 ,sq %& 1c l[M :
~}¦ :*0 ,1 \); %> ?P ?W/M U/<" ,a %/
WM" :
4 : ,& §¡
,f**! " ,**3 " ,f&** " ,** :**
WM" sq** L*: *M
9 D :B 9
4 :¨§jihgf¦ :U=
4§¹¸¶¦ :U=" ,3 %/ %F b[M" :(i% .9-
,~9*&D *F" ,UW F" ,?d F" , F ]" ,Z N! _ L −
4+
F h!8 ,\
=" X 7M I" 4bM
¯ F" ,Y
qM F"
4 : ; ZA<

١٠٢
:‫ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺰﻡ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻦ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
7'* *U/ (*>" \A ,
!
} 7M
/, f " ,i"> :?]"
q; F :/I 8 ,
O c
v <; ,<,
O q; :\= ,c &
4<, O
O q> %& WI c AF / ! 78 ,c +<; <,
O
**K ?*]" ,2fL*!" +**! y*= %'*;" ,** \* 8 1" \* W %'*;"
C D J
, F _ i[ m, I" ,8> U8 F" F & f UA ,( (&
:(/ 17; A ,N, " ,H" 2r] %""
P R $ −[
:*/j
,1* 8 %**& 1c** l**[; i**> ?**]" ,**/ <**" (L**U '**<
\* 8 Upq*I3" ,L* +
8 \ M" ,1,73 %F ] sq \ W l[M"
9 J *-
:%* M # 1*I +*/" ,L*WM O \* M F :17M ,q;
O L +
8 E& N
4 :(7, §xwvutsrqpo¦
*8 ,*]/ +/q* *UL! *0F
* 8 L*; * ]
B ;N, dA"
* H" E*
/ Vr*" ,+*A *> yL; F :%/ 8 ,+A yL; :EI
4]/ U/q
:* j$ −p
:& 1I 0
: 9 *MD 2***;F: *** n**
: *M9 J +**
: *: : D *09 D *** HQ**
: 9 : V** C: D
***
M.
D Q**
JJ J C 9 D **
v *. E** D 9 *MD ***D F D *0F"
4
W L! u
> :nM ,HQM F :+I _ ]8
4 :hU h]

: *
W %*& yS XS" , :\
U' XS" , :\
7& XS _ E
, r] "
* ,%*/ < /*; +*0 ;^
*-
B r]" ,
. '/ Y _ " I +0 ?/
+
8 A" ,
4a
7'; %/ 8
M. %Q; :\
I F
١٠٣
D 9 D C D D (*pL * *U7 *
8G F U*-" ,F
%*/ *U8 9 %/ i> ?]"
O H)**8 F
**
7 i**[ ,** N** }** 3F **U %**/ 3 **d ;**U= **8>
,¤* \= :(/ " −i A− c y } y
B U 8 ,H"
4
8G %/ U
8 O¤
O U ; ] " ,?W" ,b' "
:*
P S $ −s
4 :f'/ §dcba`¦ :0 ,\I aU, a ?]"
:*$ −
4 :(7,§WVUTSR¦ :0 ,\I
aU, a ?]"
4ZA N" ZAM :0"
:*I$ −
a`_^]\[Z¦ :0 −q;
O – \I
aU, a ?]"
4 :i& §edcb
:*b0$ −
:& 1I 0 , %/ qM a ?]
: *I
* : **
cD ]* : z *0D **
cD *9 *M
: D : D %***FD : *** M
: : D f***P : : 9 D %***
J 9 D +***MQM
J J 9 D D *9/& * D 9 2***0 9 DD
&" ,"L ]" ,+MQM :+I U"
8 EL! u
> % +
8 ]"
4<' +L! &" "L ]" ,M cg" , i> ir> +L!
* i*| ,+*! :y*=" , \ 8 :1" ,
8 L; S a :%
4M* Z)0 \ _ ,<' %& ?/,
:\**
7& **" , : **
W %**& +>*S _ y**S " , j : **¡
+,'**0" ,a**& 2*A
4
١٠٤
\*&W" ,f*
ir*> +*L! &" % "L ,sq \ 8 HQM :+MQM
1* W Z)*0 \ _ ,'< %& ?/, \)
P :fU" ,E0 2;7M '
4 \ 8 ] :HQM" ,+
41> Z)0 \ _ ' \&W" \ W M ! : M
4 N! +0 ;<' +L! &" "L ,sq \ 8 :M
:*/+$ −
:& 1I 0 , %/ qM a ?]"
: C : : : 9 MJ aD D : D *****0
B : 9 J ****
r*> 9 D D a*
D D 1L*M 9 D / D 9 D 9 9 F" 9 D 9 *MD V****
D D 9 D Q**** D *9/o0 D *;C D
*]" V/o0
W ; EL! u
> ,QM V/o0 ; :+I _ ]"
4 N! ]" QM , \ 8
4
8G %& Z)0 \ _ ,^W %& ?/, ,! S a :;
,* \* 8 <'* +*L! *&" ,"L* sq* \* 8 :o*0 :V/o0
\* _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P :i<" ,0 2;7M '
P +&8"
4+ 1 W Z)0
\*&W" * N*! <'* +*L! *&" ,"L sq \ 8 :QM
4E0 2;7M '
P
:*+$ –
*U7M * *
=A"
O ,1L*0 1L*/M *; :*0 ,* %/ qM < a ?]"
:& 1I +/" , :f'/ §°¯®¬¦ :0
: C : ]0 : J : D : D ( : 9 /D : N: *qM
?I D 9 i)0
D D 9 D
9 0
D 9 **M D D * D 9D
9 9 D ;
4 :yS " , :\

7&
4 , :
; " , :a& 2A
١٠٥
: J u
> ,0DM"
\ 8 1" " ,;Q EL! 9 ,Z]rM :x ;NqM
9 :+I _ ]"
4+D!D y=" ,
:*bc+X$ −
§¹¸¶µ¦ :**0 ,%** %**/ UW*
O O
* ;**8|" ,UW*
O * {Q**M"
:*& 1.§ßÞÝÜÛÚÙØ×¦ :*0 ,*; * :%*/ " , :(7,
E***0A F" 4:(***7,§zyxwvu¦ :***0 ,n***

A %***/ " ,
:& 1I 0 ,
8 EL! 6S O
J : *; : : : : D : D
1"* D J *P;9 J **D *D *
B
D J 3D <
* OD
9 D **c D 9 D ?0*******
MQM
*******
MQM D 9 D %*******0C D ?*******
c
C
,y*
MQM :]*> :
* 8 %*0* L! u
> ;
MQM y
MQM %0 :+I +
8 ]"
4 N! ,
MQM :cg" , \ 8
:i h8j
f*;" ,iq* ]" ,%/= +0 ;f
N)/ ,( i"r / :?
c
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/, \)
P a<
** Z)*0 \* _ <' %& ?/, i| ,
8 L; ,! S a :%0
4
MQM
1* 8 * +0 ;/ ir> +L! &" ,"L sq \ 8 :
MQM :y
MQM
h*8 \* _ <'* %*& ?*/,
*P
*/K3 n*" , \ 8 ]" , '[
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ ?/, \)
P a< f;" , ;I /" ,\&8
n*" ,*/ ir*> +*L! *&" "L , N! ,sq \ 8 :
MQM
4\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/,
P
/K3
4 :yS " , :\

7& " , :\
U' XS
١٠٦
:*G(4$ −[
: 9 D 3" , %/ qM < a ?]"
,^
) %& * 07 3F LM
:& 1I \=
:
D 9D
***** : : D ?*****8: *****>0
9 *****B # D *D *****
J V*****
O D D
:
9 R *7;D J a7'*****
9 D 9 *MD ******=
>
D J9 D
*]" ]*> :
* 8 *=
> ** L! u
> ,7; a7'M =
> :+I ]"
:17M" ,2®L!" N! ,9R7D;J :+I ]" :y=" , \ 8 :a7'M :+I
4%/ _ ^/M UM F :\= ?]" ,^9D9/MD UM =
>
:*+$ −[[
** ** H"
** ** ?**]" ,** %**/ q**M ,aU,** a** ?**]"
xr* i +,S ] ,M ? W %F 8P U ,= HA
: )*/ *U=" ,+[M
9 z
+ [; t x
e : &8 U=8 ,f f/ ?q7;
Z**<M a**I xQ** :("** **U=" , :f** §fedcba¦
4I 7M NA x
C ,ZA
;*/ *U7
8 ,+
F iq ir; I" ,W %F 8P x"
:1*= _" ,&*M a* x :;*7 F – 7'* ;< ;g _ A – +/& P&
O
444\! x NA :;7 ,I 7M NA x
:%* M +*I \*= , 7'* *;g *0 ,*
A (*pL * *U7M ;"
4 :l)7§ÓÒÑÐÏÎ¦

4 :Z
, ?/" , :yS XS" , :\
7& XS :G0
١٠٧
‫ﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨ‬

 ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻣ‬
4+!" \ 8 _ L \ M d %& (/ mWM ]0A ? H"
! ]" V" ,L U& _ (/ nc I H" Y /]"
, -c ("P UL! \ ! aU/8 , N & Y _
:H" 2r] " ,
B _ a&
C aU/"
:*j$ −[
9 D 9 J 8|
l[M" , %/ /q L \,7'; O <M U
8 Z
" &q*"
O *
=A
O
*P
O ]* \* W *<;" 444 *
W * %*& 1c
:+I 0 ("P _ 3F L F \ M 3" 444V
: C D D D -)***c
\***8 D 9 : J F"
v D D D V,)***M D: D D : 9 *: V***
%/*** D *e D *** 9 D ****D : ***
D *D/B 9 D *
9
j- :− U/& # ?P – 68" ?& u;> +/" , I %& =/ _ @ L;"
J D9 J
+*L! *&" "L* +*08 ,¤*<M :+*78 .(V:V
@ + ];
S z
` ;o+
4\
I r]" ,/ ir>
:b%
H(4 *j$ */j
P $ ( \#
C F" F
** ¨**W"
e D *;J ** %**& \c**M %**"
**
0=" ,+)**> _ V*
k *S E**0Q8 ,V**A E**¡! F
_ * 9 :E**I **8 ,1)** m**7 **] ** %**& \c**M
4+¡

7; %& E0Q8 ,VA E¡! F :EI F" ,+¡

:*($ −p
*/&
"L* ,*!"
O O
6*S ?q*78 ,* %*/ q*M
C aU, a ?]"
:*0 ,*U7M a* ,V*/;I *<; *<M *W
A :*0 ,* *U7 f ,
8<
4 :Z
, %/
١٠٨
O
,fL!" ,6S ?q7M ,F L/ a]/& ?U8 :;), , ! M n
A
**W ?**7W
** 8 ?q* 7M ¨**WM3 **d **
B ,**&8 ]** **U8 ,L**M 3"
*W
A :1*7; *; *8 ,L*M a* *@ E*L! f* ,−E*; A – %/ "
N*< Z*<M *W
A :*; 3" ,*]/ " ,
W W ic3 ,Z] M
: ZA
3" ,*UGW m*WM F"
* W %/ ic3 ,U
c" ]c :x , 97
4]/ mWM F" ,
W W ic3 , I M W
A :0 ,;
:(W ()9 ( 5 +
9 3F ,(*/ ¨*WM f UA H""
H" p*" ,i*> *d8 F
Z*] :i*c * F _" , * *d8 x
k 3F *
/, *d8 Vr*" ,*]/ /q*
i*| ,a* *d %*F ?*W" b'* *" ,¤* Z*]" ,i> d %F +;,

L*8 * _ *!"
O * *U
& ;L8 %q i| ?] ? F U-" ,
4@
9 D R J
\*,8 *> fL* \*= *U H*- * h* E*,A C dQ +;,
1
O H-" Z
A –
8G ]" – 1" U&
48>
?*U8 ,*=
> ,%*0 ,*; ,*; ,x ,%* , ,
9 D :?]" , H" p
4¨WM3 f
:7%] h8e ( 5 +
:0 ,f3 %& &8 h7M , d8 x 3F
/, UA H""
z *! x
\**7M \* z *! x
C , **
W %**& )**/ **<M" ,**B _ ** ; ^8**<; \* e
: mM
4' mQ8 : \!
z xQ
R :0 ,i ("" ,AQ8
4^W %&
/, d8 ; ,; 3F <' %& ?/, +,B U/ ?/,"
١٠٩
:O S
W LM ? H" %F"
S P S /
P R +
S j S X +S b0 S
S S + I
S P S ,
S S , P R R f
P S S ,/ PR P S
R S P 3
R ,/

S )+ P S 5 B
SS S S P R S S j T P S S ,bc+X S G(4
P R U4 S QP S S
:hM 3R S
PWR A4+
\** 8 :**U" %'**; ,
** 8 L**; ** ** H" ** :m,** ** **/&
:1> U/ \<" ,2®L!" +! :cg" ,
:(8` (
W c /+ −
,^/; Ar; 9D :0 ,U
8 \
KQM UG V" ,'> " \- ]"
:(***7, §xwvutsrqpo¦ :%*** M +***I +***/"
4
:((" (
W c /+ −p
:f* §¡~}¦ :*0 ,KQ* *& _ A* V"
4 :f §HGF¦ :+I" ,

:8`
@ hM ,("
@ !
W / /+ −
,KQ %F KQ & ]" ,I %F n P b"[ +
8 V"
9 J *I F :0
onmlkjihg¦ :%* M +*I" ,a*I
4 :] §p
:*[$("
@ FG 8`
@ AB / /+ −
R
S Q 6 ( 6 - : +I 0
4.]c 6; #m
4 :\
7& XS" ,i) :hU h] :hP 2r] G0
١١٠
:+7 O
; m, %F"
R T P 2S :(` R 06 SPR
R P
W
S P S (
S )Q @
S S S ,7f
Q S MS Q 0PS Q
S z S
R PSR
(#
L0 R
S S Q +P S I(# ;
SR PQ R PS R S
(8` Q +P S ((
R PS R
"SS
S P R 2
:hM 3
W
:]8M Z; "S +!" \ 8 \<"
O
,* " ,*I :** *7
B ,8) ,;¤c
` : 8
O <; \ 8 _ Z
8
4i " ,
' " ,
8/ "
O *S **<; ^)**; :** N**! _ Z**;"
Z**!" ^)**; a** **8 ,6*
4fL f8 " ,} f8 " ,N f8 :%'M fW +0I
:7# h /0 J"
:
Mg hP _ fW N! I Z;
:() hM / j −[
4 : 0 §ÒÑÐÏÎÍÌË¦ :0
: I
W (
W hM / j −p
fedcba`_~}|{zyxwvu¦ :******0
4 − :nU< §444mlkjihg
:3] E I
W (
W / j −s
4 :& 1. §edcba`_^¦ :0
:b%

@ @ ("
k# @ / /+ −
´³²±°¯¦ :*0 ,(]*| I * 07
O <; Z; r¡/
>"
§|{zyxwv¦ :****0 ,(****7 " , :n****;§¶µ
١١١

" ,%/ \,7' ?P \ W <; Z! I 7M a , :n;
4VrA
:*$ /06 /+ −
4Z] 78 Z]rM F :0
:*(W% $ /06 /+ −
4 : 0;§ihgfed¦ :0
:*$ /06 /+ −
4 :& 1.§ÄÃÂÁÀ¿¦ :0
:(C /06 /+ −
:f'**/ §qponmlkj¦ :**0
4
:*U)$ /06 /+ −
4 : §dcba`_^]¦ :0
:*h
X Q $ } /+ −[
4f?! 8 ²M F :0
:*cn$ }
X S Q /+ −[[
TSRQPONMLKJIH¦ :*****0
4 :(p §[ZYXWVU
:2 D n } /+ −
ÛÚÙØ×ÖÕÔÓÒÑÐÏÎÍ¦ :*********0
N**! **d %**& L**! \** _ :E ** F :***8 , :** 0 §ÞÝÜ
4\ 88 E F :;7" ,i"r y= N!" ,1"
١١٢
:+7 O S V %F"
P R S P S R @ R S 04
!
M% P S ,i P R E2
P S +P S /e
S R (m P S P

! Q P @ S S @ P S #S R /
P R
P S
O
U/
;fW + %F !> 8 ,6S <; -
O N A 8
*
8 3 ** *
W/ : 9 J
GW ,/
` " ,,=
O sq <; QA ,@ + & ?/M
O
¼»¦ :%* M +*I *0 ,3 * *=A }* *M" ,}*; 3" @ };
ÙØ¦ :%* M +*I *@ }* " , :& 1. §À¿¾½
: §ÛÚÙØ×ÖÕÔ¦ :+I" , :(p§ÜÛÚ
4
:E2 hM ( ' & 7# 8 h%

9 ( E**0A F **
pW F N** f**8 n**[M **I"
**A" ,F " F
on¦ :**0 ,F " ,?*W0 (Q* *07 *
B , *;¤c ,
* *! N*
¼»º¹¸¶¦ :*****0" , :"***** §vutsrqp
4 :" §À¿¾½
:O A
P S W
.Yn @ R
S S Q S%S j P M; P R -S
Q S /j YnPS#
S S jS R 7
S # S P
Q Q P S S
L;
4 ?/
;
" h!
١١٣
:‫ﻭﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺰﻡ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻦ‬

AG 7%] h8e ( (W ()9 ( D B
/ \cM V;" hM F 9 ?/, i> 9
F
VA : 9 9
9 HQM F ?/, i> F
9 J w;
+,0 + W; ?/, \I aU, a
9 D
V U T S R¦ ?/, \I
aU, a
:(7, §W
P&
O M
9 ¨)M U ?/, \I
aU, a U
V 0cF
O mM
D 8'M
9 % ?/, a %
0
B QM V/o0 ; ?/, a ;
9 ;
1L0 1L/M ?/, < a ;
! M %0 ?c ?/, < " L a %0C
>0
O M
9 a7'M =
> ?/, < a =
>
V/;I <; <M W
A ?/, a W
A
+[M + [; t x N a x
\8 D 9 : J F"
: C D D -)c V,)M D ?/, a F
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
١١٥
:‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺮﺓ‬
*
B x – +'*/! _ hp*S +*0 ;(*<0 – =
O − \! *8 ,+'/! 8 _ sS
" ,*F444 ,*;"
O ,*"
O ,*
& C '0 ]" –
` \*; U8 ,, ADr
4 / r] 8 >"
M
:l
_ !; 3 +0 h (<0 8 ,hI _ 28 M / _ ; 3
4 S =A hI
9 D 9 J a :dQ (</ i& aU/"
4
+/ aUW;
:O A
R P S JR JR +S R S
S Q
*[$ S S PS T S P SzS Q ,A+P S !
VZ Q R S D
T S c
:W
C+
:?] ,'I i
4pq −
4a −
4(S a −
1 \*,7; * :(*</ F :x ,Ko*

O 1 \*I :17
8 ,(</ n; M %F E
, r@ V
;
,\*! :178 ,\! :n; +
8 KoM" 1 \,7; 1=8 ;1 \,7; hI h7; " ,n;
O D D ,& :*A n; +
8 Ko; 3" 1 \,7; n; +
8 KoM" :+7 >"
1*7M V*08 ,*&
hI" 1=" ,+
& Uc \,I 8 +0 ;n; +
8 KoM a U/< 1 +
& \c8 ,, :+
8
,(*<0 :"r*8 ,1* Z>*- :x ,1* " yf*! :*0 ,Z>- %/ ? " :1 \,7; hI
* X*S :*G0 4Z>)* :*0 1 \,7; Z>-" ,Z>- hI I" U/< 1 \,7M 3 ?]"
4 :\
7&
١١٦
41- a3 −
41 :* i −
4 8 %F iq " m, >" %F iq −
:O A
R
X S ,: Q P S ,3R %P S , R R S S R P S Y
o R S = S P%iS T W

P iQ :S , PS S
Q Q (m

*$‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ :‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‬
,**0 :**0 ,Z*pB " ,Z**6[ " ,a<** %*& 1**
h* :
D *P"J *! **W :?*]"
4]" ,E0"
:O A
R X R ) i ,~
R(` PS S R Q x R R
z S S P S S cn `4
Q P ](m SS
S P S o W
:(` C+
4'" , :
'I %F
q a'7/;
D 9 J xr ]" ,]G x :r]
J D 9 J W;
*0 ,*W _ (*- +* * :*]" ,Z*<;"
4EU8
J f
J D 9 ;J 3 ,?*W[ x :00C
J D 9 ;J 3" *W
* *]" ,]r* _ *>;D J *0F" ,Z*<
4] x ,aU8 :VI _
q 0 ,W _ (- + E'

,%*/<" , *;/< *7; *

8<" ,
;)*,
q*" q W
, " :?6
' 17;
O
:h*U h*] 4" \< mp ] A – +W; M :x – 2> & /
/ () |W +0<"
4
١١٧
:r] C+
4\)" ,\)W/ :
'I %& ,
q
40" ,0 :\= ,m/ _ 173 ]| A ]" :!}#% – +
*0" ,E*U8
J O A ] :!}0 – h
* f* :*0 , 7 A fL!
4/U8
:‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺑﻲ‬
4N& hI + U/ \A" ,\)" ,\)W/ %F a'7/; , /8&
:!}#% :9+
@
:
'I %F – N& + I Z' – \)W/ ,
q a'7/;
,E*0" ,a<* 0" ,0 :?]"
P
O & /K :]" ,JW t0L – [
: 9
3" ,Zp ]" ,a]" ,]" ,?]" ,]" 4Z6[ ,0" ,a0" ,0" ,E0"
:_ 3F pq 2r] <M
4?& 0 :G ,+0] JW J" – +
4, h8 \ _ ,<' %& ?/,
P 0
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c ?&

4E0 E< :G ,_W 00C (` (; – h
:2;*7M *!"
O '*
*P \*&W" ,<' %& ?/, \ 8 E<
4E0
O
*
7 :\*
I ,}*78 )*W/ O
" }*78 )* *<; a*" ,\)*W/" \)* %F
q a'70 0F"
O
?* f* h*I i*c3 \)*W/ +*/ *A *0F" ,n; _ " L!" +0 ;) <;
*7; *I" ,\)*W/
* 8
q + \); W f
" ,apI ] :0 ,, <8 qM
\A _" ,;F 3F EP :VI 0 ,+
" +/
\)W; I" ,, 0 ;F 0 ,+ %&
4i) :\)W XS 4\)W
8
q \-" r M C m,
١١٨

q* ?*GW *
AM h*8 \ _ ,^W %& ?/, \)W/
P E0
4E< :_ '
4a0 a/< :G ,_W !}0 (` (; −

z
*A N*[ f* +)M3 ,<' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 :< :a/<
4h** a
*" ,\*&8 h*8 \* _ aq* %**& ?*/,
*P f*" ,\*&W f*M
4?GW
AM h8 \ _ <' ?& ?/,
P :a0"
40 3F I :!G ,!8W JW J" & −
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i>
80
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 I
N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,)> ( 3F
4\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/,
P 0
:O A
PS S x S R P S _#;
P Q c+S S :A}#c x S R P
Q R S P ;S 9S _
]0 Q Q P S ,~
# S c+ i Q S
" a<* " N*[ i*> *@ \)* }*78 *;F *]" ,d}% t0L
:Zp
4a< :0;F" ,x;F
: ,;F"
4Z6[ A;F ,aA;F ,A;F ,;F D
4Zp ];F" ,a];F" ,];F" ,];F" ,2;F"
4 : MW §444SR¦ :1=
,+** 1** W Z)**0 \** _ <'** %**& ?**/, \)**W/
**P :**;F §R¦
** +* \* 3 ^*W %*& ?*/, ,N*[ %*& 1 i*> :i*<
4N&
١١٩

*P \*&W" ,(]*G q* +* 8 *&" ,s*8 sq* \ 8 §S¦
40 :2;7M '
:O A
S R P Q K(
: XR
Q R P X S j
S P S J#0 S S R Q A}#c
:
x S R P 3WR h}0c
x S R P
Q S
:l
4! \ _ h7; 3 \)W/ ,
q i 0 m,
:!}0 :(cV
@
:%F N& + I Z' a'7/;
:JW t0L – [
:" C i
,\*&W f* +)*M3 <'* %*& ?*/, ~* \* 8 :E*I :\= _ :70 −
4\&8 h8 \ _ ,aq %& ?/, \)
P f"
: *
/= n*" ,^*W %*& ?*/, ~* \* 8 :*I ,I :\= :(%V9 + – h
4\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, ,\)
P
z * \* 8 :**I :\*= :8M −

**P :"**" ,aq* %**& ?*/, ~*
4\&8 h8 \ _ ,<' %& ?/, \)
z

*P :('*/ *0" ,<' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 :I :\= ,DC% /c −
4\&8 h8 \ _ ,^W %& ?/, ,\)
: ,6[ f;" ,/ ir> %& ?/, \ 8 :?I :\= :]EL 7 − i
4\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/,
P
١٢٠
:M d}% ( u0 i −p
: KK ]"
: 9 D ? :\= , 0 7 −+
4?/A
D D
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/,
P f
:?
: A
*/" ,*] 2;*7M '*
P \&W" ,^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 :?/D D9D
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ ?/,
P :f
" , ;I
4 :%q §lkjih¦ :% M +I \= ,h>L U −h
\)*
P :i<" ,^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 :sD"
C ,
80 : §ih¦
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ ^W %& ?/,
iq* *]" ,(]*G q* +* 8 *&" ,s*8 \&8 :N
e §j¦
4+
F iq ! \ _ ,^W %& ?/, \)
P :i<"
4 :nU< §_^]\[¦ :\= ,d= 7i −

4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 §[¦
\* _ aq* %*& ?*/, \)*
*P :f*U" ,! i> : §\¦
4!
:fU" ,iq ]" , q + 8 &" s8 \&8 :Z>- §]¦
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/,
P
4, h8 \ _ ^W %& ?/,
P :] ,1 "" :" §^¦
'* \*&W" , q* +* 8 *&" s*8 sq \ 8 :"; §_¦
,+* 1* W Z)*0 \* _ ?*/,
*P :fU" ,] :2;7M !
O
*]"
*3 *" ,, ¤c h8 \ _
W "
41> Z)0 \ _ 2";
١٢١
:O A
R R R S S%R]P QS xS`PQ !wQS
P }cQ S <#P SS XQ S <Q#PSS
d d
P M
:]" ,M d}% JW ( u0 i −s
4 :& 1. §«ª©¦ :% M +I \= ,c −
+**0 ; **W +,)**0 **&" N)**/ – ( i"r** – **/ §©¦
4+
F iq ! \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P :0 ,iq
C
,N*& * +* \* 3 ^*W %& ?/, ,Z)0"
AM i> :F §ª¦
4F a Z)0 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P :0
%**& ** **0 ** +)**M3 <'** %**& ?**/, ~** \** 8 :h** §«¦
4\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/,
P :0" ,
&W
:O A
R %S PRc %ScXRWS %SR U
{P%S P R8 X S JRWP XR
R }P%
{P S?S .cS- SS d
P S
:00C (` C+

:!"
O '" ,!
O ' :%F '
q a'7/;
:r
@ 00C :9+
@
7; ; :170
8 ,7; ; :0 ,+7 ]G a3
I <; ]
:hP _ ; ]" ,+B
\*&W8 ,a*UDW9;D :\= ,&q
O ,aDU:8D :\= ,
P
O A f :d= !
W −[
4] :;7M !
O '
P
4 :\
7& XS" , :hU h] :hP 2r] G0
١٢٢
,a**UWM :**0 ,&q*
O 9 *U8 :**0 ,
*O *P **A f** :]= !
W −p
* " ,E*
4?] :2;7M !
O '
P \&W8
:**0 ,1** W a** " ,ap**I" ,a]**8 **0 \**&W a** :!G :5#} −s
4'D>D :\= , U, W- " ,] :x ;N"q" ,UW
D S
4HU
]" , C :\= :3" !
# ) −
:@ 00C :(cV
@
:_ <;" ,hP m,
B _ ]" ,+7 ]G
I <; 3 ]"
4E0 :x ,aU8 ,NP :0 ,B !
# _W −
40 :x ,aUW0" ,0 :x ,aUD89D ,NJ:P9D :0 , 0 _`−
4E0 :x ,aUWM ,\ WM :0 ,dEL _`−
4A a " ,\&8 Zp0 " ,\&8 :h8 \ _ 3F <; 3 '"
:O A
QQP;S PRj 'PR]0S=PcS ,vPWRS+Q ,!P

SWPS QR00SCPS S JRWP R R
X R("S PS
,Z*!" *; I :0 _ 3 F ,2" ; '
P !; 3 :(]%;
*/8& r*U" ,*c. Z*
A8 2* *I *; *" , *
&W %*& ] I :17; 3 +08
47; " + ]G
I 7; 3 " N!

:*0 sq* \* 8 a*" ,1L*0 ,+*- *0 * \* 8 a :hP 2r] %& ?6
'
1** 8" ,"**& ** \q**8 **; :**0 ,\
q**W" !*O *; '**> ** :**0 ,Z** " i ,2"
4 :hU h] :G0 4;
O c I :0 ,f/=3
١٢٣
‫ﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ‬
, *;I *0 %C'D*MJ *0 U/
}M Z!" a< f; \ W E)M F
4?/ ! :0
:(C0 d])
d",8 ?: /9:A z ,9D ?7M d ; ;I 0 / 2r] E
I"
9 :0 _
3 *]" ,* +,* '< \ W Dc. : ?7M d " , ,6[ ?A* ,;
41 8 \c;
:? / %& i"" ,f " ,1 8 A
k mM / 2r]"
,?**/,]" ,?**/A" ?**/ ! :\**= ,@ 0 7 ~ }; j !
# −+
4y'&"
:*0 f* Y* %*F 8q a< f; E0A F / !" Z;" −N
*7 *;" , :n*U< §YXWVU¦ :%* M +I \= ,}I ,I ,
:& 1I ,?I ,xI" ,?:0
J :17M , K= _ / ir>
:****
:
9 ^
: ****
: C : D D
9****D
J **** x:****ID :
9****,D
9,D[
J :)9****0D 9****: ?:09****ID
D
4'; 3 ]" xI / ir> :+
8 ]"
,*/ *!" ZB [/ E
_ A 8 ,U 7( ~ }; j −
4 :f'/ §¶µ´³²±¦ :% M +I 0
4 , :\)W XS , :hU h] :G0

:x ,?*/I" f?* r*] y*I :1*7M ,iA :x ,Z'> %/ ]A ,}I" I" ,/& %/ :
4?/
8A
*U
8 X*; +* (*! ,
?/ )& f S > ,}I V
>
[0 ? E
, r]
4 \
7& XS ,
L # , ~ ;"
k ,?W7= n; b
١٢٤
§dcb¦ :%* M +I 0 ,]!" & ZB \ _ A F"

4 :8B
: * "'*MD ,\** " E**
**
B **0 i** )**/ f**
E**0A F"
\**= ,* D D
a<* f*; E*0A F" 4i* 3 ?*//< *! ?*/0F" ,n
W& ?/<
78 yF :VI
:%** M +**I \**= – **;I **0 x – **]!" Z**!" **& " ** ** ("*
, : ***I§ÇÆÅÄ¦ :+***I ***0" , :('*** §[ZYX¦
4?&
C ,?CF :17M , i"> ]
B _ h/;"
:O A
S(XLSQ PQS KPR8
P .!X
SS- JPSS SScS .3R0(PS-S ,SWS .3%R0S(PS-S
#S S)S PS PS Q
PS 3z%8SS 3z%R #S#XS @SR>" R (
P S 5 R
S ]SP 3W
R
3#RS PS `@P+S U R

S 3%>PSS ,3cPS
Q oP R 3RWS ,!XS 3RcQS 3czQS 3RWS
4ZpB" ,Z6[" ,a< :%F + hDP:"J ,&
q a'7/; −
4'" , :%F +&" UG ,& a'7/; −N
4\)W/" ,\) :
'I %F a'7/;" ,r] C+
:%F N& + I Z' !}#% C6%
4U&"8" ,]" ,E0" ,0 :?]" ,
P
O & /K ]" ,h8 + \)W/ •
\)*W/ *!; 3" ,*U&"8" ,2*;F ,;F ,x;F :]" ,Z)/ + \)W/ •
4! \ _
:%F N& + I Z'> r] !}0 a'7/;"
١٢٥
,**I **0 :n** " ,E**I **0 :f** :s**0 '**c **]" ,JW t0L
4?I 0 :f
" ,I 0 :/" ,I 0 :""
40 :]" ,M d}% JW ( u0 i *
,Z6[ iA" ,a< f; :i '6W M d}% ( u0 i *
4Zp f]"
:00C (` C+
4!
O '" !"
O ' %F '
q a'7/;
HW)*" , *,p r*A" ,&q*
O " A
P
O Zp \ 8 _ r
@ 00CW
4?P \ W a" U, W)" ,1 W a" ,\&W a 0
4hP VM &
8 ]" @ 00C
١٢٦

/=> L I+J
K I+$
T+5 U" #S 1+J%
K
+, MN0% &=>%
P+LN 6O% "N 6O
E&4 N0%
0N5 05
:+?% ,/0, :Q" +?% ,

E"%% ,F)G ,2)G ,H)G E"%% ,+?% ,R,! ,,!
,C,B @A 1 2345 /0 1 2345 :

678% ,&'( ) :$% −
678 ) − ! −
9:; < − "#$ %% −
.&=> ? − &'( ) −
.-+. *+, −
١٢٧
‫ﻌﹶﻠﻢ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟ‬:‫ﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧ‬

;*W *& *!c */;I %F b
> "
%' hDP:"J a :

S

*
&*P *d8 i* *
7 i*[ ,+ *P" H * 2' a
M
: /;7 ]'
4pq _ N[" ,a< 0 :%
•
4 8P" ,1" , ) 0 :(k# •
4(S a _ h,- :\= ,(S 0 :(C4 •
" ,* 0
>
O " ,0'*
O *0F %'** **<;
** ¨**8 3 %'** h**P" :**/I"
4] \= %/ " ,0<
O " ,!
O
:O A
6SRcPRS #S
PMSS :QQ S8S 6S S>PQ bXCS
Q Q(z
SQ T)P
*[$vR2 R ,x S(i ,xSoP2S vR4R9SS ,/xS8SS ,/xSSS
S S PS S S
:‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﹶﻠﻢ‬
:8 YC tL; ]08 :9+
@
:
'I %F +&" 2' l[M ,& a a'7/;
:tL2 8 −+
O
,*/] , *68 ,*;L; :*0 ,*7 /
M
O 2'
M %& 1; xr W ]"

*>" f?*S %*& */;I *
B * U'*W/ 1*M H*< 2r*] A \<8 ,
4+'/! 8 ?I & @ W/; ? + (L
+8-"" j[ +<
O /M ;a]
B" ,0 &Q
\D=CD aK ,a n; M %F 1" E
, - _ V S
*U
,
* ( a :m0c" ,\! a :W 8 ,H8Q a]
B" f7 & H
' %&
a* :m*>3" ,*< a* :&" ,
,I a :DI"D ,+ , 86 Ec ?]" ,N &S
4 :\
7& XS :G0 4ZA a :mS"" ,(S a :
]" ,\! a :aIrS" ,8
١٢٨
:K%M 8 −h

*
M
*" ,+*/
/*! %*& *3 *U/ D*;"
J m*M H< s0 ]
* DKJ" ,* %*& *3 * *W ¨*6F _ *A ,+*Mr l[S " f?S
3 ¢*W 2r*] * W \A 8 ,Zpr %& 3 ®" ,Z = %& 3
4+'/! 8 8 \A %& m; ^); u
> ; 7
7 _ 2'
;
:tL 8 ,K%M 8 ( \#

O ;%*/ *3 _ l[* a:*D&D a& / aDD&D
3F 1*7;J 3 *; C −
/*! a*& +*0 ;* " l[* 1*7; <
8 ,; +
4a& ]" :V 1I rU" ,
i)* * h*/
8 , *
GW <> _ l[ a& L/ / a& C −
4 6 r] :17M A ,;/M
, r] :178 ,u
0Q"
C:D
D
:l
4+/
8
O l[; 3 +0 _ (</ a<> +<> / a&
:O A
P8S SiPS k@#PS R LS2PSBP R S
SS P S8S R %SP9S R
P]SR
Q"SSS
d R S
PG XR TS
SVQ oSSiSS h R S6P
S PR 'x 8R +Q :u
SP w S S P
R
YPSMS#S PR T S8S R MSWS oSS YPX]SS PR DQXS Q QGPRS
:r b%
b 8 09 ]08 :(cV
@
:
:'I KK %F
CD
D %& p %/ %& +3 ,& aJD
D a'7/;
:0 , " X %& 1M (; " U/
H %& 1 ]" :)9 −+
4 ,?& ,;
١٢٩
4=A " ,< :0 ," NQ & DR-J \A ?]" :(% −h
**; :**0 ,+'**c :x ,+ **P " %'** ** 8 **S ** **]" :d6 −
4 I/ n0" ,;
:d6 )9 _0 4
:3;q b8SQ d6 )9 J0 j
, *< 3 ,;* *; ?*& r] :178 ,a3 & Z7
cQM Z; −
4U
O Z7 A F +;7M ; :\
I"
4 :f'/ §TSRQPON¦ :\=
– Z**7 :x – Z** _ +*0Q Z*7 %**& a*3 a;**7M V** * \**& *I"
2'* * h'* a]*M I 8 , WI" , :0 ,'0F
B a 17/
4+/& 1 ; a8 2:cQM
e /& Q V" ,?-
,Z*7 %*F a*3 8*PF ^)8 _ Z!" ;W 0A F a3" Z7 −
4A
r]" ,¨"W & r] :17/8
O y= <; u
8P & ;"
4
n& " ,3
,:
9WD: *[DDJ " ,;* *; # *,& :\*= ,
8q 0A F a3" Z7 −
O
8q* O
1" *A " ,
/o* *p& :\*= ,8q* y=" W
O 1" A Q
*K= 1*> 2r*] _ Z*!" , * # *,&" ,m;)* < :\= ,W
O y="
4+/ 1 +0 %& 1"¥ y= s,MF
4 :hU h] :G0 4" E/" ,". A E/ " " :?P :?6
' 17;
C :1I ,c.
M
+*
8 ;a*3 * US +0Q 2
B +&" O ?6
' \70 I" , :hU :G0
4a3 V A & %/B 3" D
O + %M 8 ,E / %/ f?S h

?W8 4−, PF %& 8
O − 1> & y= s,MF & :x ,h7 ]" c. U!"
O f A
= :2;7M i"r , ¤c d %& h8
/o _ ; ,
/o p& E; :VI
١٣٠
:l
4]
cQM" U;7M
8 ,]
B"
/<
Z
MM 3
:O A
R ? Y)R /PRj S /Pz+S
]S ]S6SSS ,@(S%PQS ,b;S+S @)PS
S Q S S S
UP RS oRX JR]R;P+S 9XRjS ,@0P4S P "RnSWS RP SS#PQ cS QS /PRjS
@
:k# ]08 :GV
:ZA" ,W :%F +GW ,& aD D a'7/;
4> , :\= ,nqD;J a" ,(>" D:AD 9: D<M
C ] : #W
:'I KK :d
4# ,& 0 ,+
F iq" iq DC<DMD ]" :&"j d •
:*0 ,(> <A M- %> !L
A \A ]" :3f d •
4+;,
" ,V,
*! ,*]0I N*S 0 ,+
F /'" /' ZARJ ]" : %)j d •
4 C"
J ,m
:‫ﺇﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
4+
& c \ Z' %& _P ZA -" ,W N ; −
*A" ,s*8 ¤*c :* *<8 444# ,& f!" , r] :JW AG *
4+
F iq a;< a3" ,iq ?]" ,\&8 d &8 :,&
:h*U h*]" , :\*

7& * X*S :*G0 4?*/& :*PF %*& Z)*/" ,
/o* ?*] =
4 , :
W %& yS XS" , :V 3 ,\
U' XS" ,
O
:h*U :G0 4u
0Q L/ U
0K 1L0
\A :]" ?!L ZA c. W; M ;/ A
4:\
U' XS ,
١٣١
,N)*/ +* 1* W :*8
O ,# *,&
D E*;" ,
O E; :d}% AG *
*]" , W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W :,& :# ,&" , W +,)0 &"
4+
F iq a;< a3" ,iq
f**, "** a* :**8 4# *, H**" ,** H* :M AG *
a;*< a*3" ,iq* *]" ,"* a* :*,& :# *,&" ,('< 2! &"
4+
F iq
**<M" h**8;J ,i)** ** s**/ N**&F *
!L
` *,
AM
O Z**A N** ; −
*A F 3F ,*" Z)/ & W <M" D;"
J Z)9/;"
J ,h8 & q
4'< %& %D/,9;J +08 ,+;9D: [
O
C
_ V**, E* I" *78 ,V*, , H*" ,V*C *, E*;" ,V*,
e 2r*] :1*70
*W E*0A" E,)*0" ,h*8 *& q* E*0A" ,E D:88J ,O¤c :1" 1=
4('< &
0 u= 1= _ W H9C!"
J ,y= 1= _ Z)/ &
:
78 4+;,
' :
H" ,+;,
:
E;" ,+;,
q> :+;" * [ _ 170"
4 K= 1> _ '< %& +;,
A E
D: /J
H*A ND* 9;"
J , *
%*F +*70 \,I +> %& x/ ZA %7,; −
4 ;< %& (7
D 2r] :JW AG *
4]0I NS
1*S *]U| * h*/ (*7 *P +* 8 &" ,s8 ¤c :]0I NS
4 ;< A \
D E; :d}% AG *
4]0I NS
4 :\
7& XS :G0 4i) s/ s/ r] \
D D;J f Y !
١٣٢
*]U| * h*/ (*7 *8 +,)*0 *&" ,N)*/ + 1 W :]0I NS
4 ;< A \ 1S
D %F /,A :M AG *
4]0I NS
** h**/ (**7 ('**< 2**! **&" ,%**F ** "** a** :**]0I N**S
4 ;< A \ 1S ]U|
*;;;+/
/01

2!

#3 4/ 5 6

78 ,-9:

r d6 +$ (% *r$ )
() *+ ,-. *+
= &'
) *)+$ %#$"
< %#$" !
V, ?!L #,& _PF

]0I NS x/F
Z*7 *A F 3F ,a*3 *& Z7

cQM Z!" Z7" a3 h! F •
4+;7M
8 US
,^)8 %& Z7 %F a3 8PF Z!" ;W Z7" a3 A F •
4 8P & ; :\
I"
١٣٣
**c \** Z'**> _**P Z**A **-" ,**W a** N** ; •
4U
&
+*;" ** *[ *& i)* s/ N&F ?!L ZA N ; •
ND* 9;J x/* Z*A" ,i)* * +* / *! h* '< %& %D/,9
8J
4
M " +M- f7 h ;< %& (7

C HA

‫ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟ ﹰﺜﺎ‬
:#
;
4
'> (SF
%'
` hDP:"J a ]
:C+
:(j _c ]08 :9+
@
r]" , &S r] :\= ,r] :]" ,o # bj −[
4?I, rA" ,+
,/ fU" +-" ,<
w** ** ;r 2r**] :\**= 2r**] :**]" ,GcZ D # bj −
:?*]" ,1r* h* '*c :¢*W (*& *U" , *& 2r]" ,1W6
: ,H" ,s,S h '< ?]"
29" : ,c3 h fU '< ,2:: ,x
4<
h*** '**< +***M" ,<** +9**M: ,***M ,{ :?**]" ,f*** (f"**, '**c"
4s,S h '< ?U::M ,c3
:O A
P}R0SP bGScPQBP b S8S ;S 3R; YPRS oRR P2R+S xXoSQ xS#PQR oSR
١٣٤
,fq**W **p r**] :\**= r**] :**]" ,o b%G bj −
4I r]"
, * *M *M] :\*= ,M] :]" ,HcZ b%G bj −
4
>,- W
- M]"
:O A
*[$JP R>;Q P Q
P R(P ;S R S YQS )R 3 RWS JP#R;SP R R ;S /
Q bX%GSQ P / R SS
P
@ + / o
1* f3o] :17M ,f3o] :]" ,GcZ @ JM bj −
4{7;- f3o] ,
, "7
:O A
6SR>cP R
P]QP SSS bSP+S w
S S P Q JxPMSR 2+
*p$6S S> R S nQR
P S b S
Z)*0 \* _ *0<M" ,aC*KD" */] :*]" ,d6 / bj −
kjih¦ :%* M +*I +*/" ,\*
/ ?&D89 %7D
D /] :\= ,
8G %&
4 :(7,§l
,* E
/] :\= V/] " /] :]" ,(
] / bj Q −
4 :NL> §hgf¦ :% M +I" , /]"
:O A
:S?R U
S SP RR R /
R S R
S 3c S bSRj P2R+S S%IQiS P+S S%IQR S
> _ M] u0o %/=" ,r] Ar %/= (S a %F E
, r] _ V
;
4%/= N&F ; Vr U8 ," Z)/ ?> _
M]" ;r]" ,h8
O +7
;
,Vr*A *]" ,f*7 *
B" f*7 ,u*0o" Ar* ['*M %*" %*F *7
4 :\
7& XS 4\I _ U =A <"
١٣٥
X%iR P+S ,P6SR>cP O
S R%SIQR P+S %XiQ P+S ,PWQ XGSR P+S ,R
P]QP 3WR
:
] + h6 (j A4 ]08 :(cV
@
a* DR*!J *,;I
O +*
F A 8 ,} F" ,
F" ,Z;I F
,2r***]" ,r**] :\**= ,+**
,/ f**] +***7M **;" ,**!"
O i**< ** (**S
4F444r]"
i)* O * " *O *
+**
F ** **A F"
e *M i)**M **
8> i**A +**7 ,*
: :1**7
8 , **,6[ '**<M" ,
, D :1**7
8 ,Z**6[ ^* W98J ,
**3 i**<
J :17
8 ,Ar h! & @ \)M" ,DA
,a9A J :17
8 ,
/= & @ \)M"
J :17
8 ,u0o h! & @ \)M"
4CA
*0 ,V :17
8 , , %& 3 _ , 3 i< \,I LD;J ;" *
2r*] _" 4 :¨ §YXW¦ :# %*F s*!" u* , ; :,9D'9*J W< C 1I
4+
,/ f] (S a m; 3
:_ (S a %& 1c h/;" *
@
4<0M 3" ,<0 :17; 8 ,6 > b%G −+
* %*& * ,V*p3" :170 8 ,f3" 178 *b+$ XS = & JM −h
4V3" :
8 %" )7
4" fU
h ; 8 ,(]%0 7i 06]) (W −
i> h i< %MDo9;J ; 3 +08 h " %/= (S a A F" *
4V¡"" V0 :17; \ ,Vp3o] 3" ,V0r] :17; 8 ,+
,/
١٣٦
:0;
_ *<M *U/<" ,2*
B %*& *F" ,<'* %*& F ,
/, UA (S f
U8 M]" r] :]
3F ,U P Z' ,! " ,Z)0 " ,h8 \
4%/= N&F ;
:h8 c
*= _ r*] (*S a*8 ,E*¡! r*U" ,m*> r*] F" ,?*& r*] :170
_ y*= _" ,*, h*8 \* _ 1" 1*= _ +*/< ,<'* %*& ?*/, K=
4 ! \ _ u= _" ,F a Z)0 \
,
!* ;r*] %*& E*" ,
!* ;r*] E*; ,;*/! r] :17M"
m** +**0 ;n** +** 8 **&" s**8 **, :1" 1**= _ r**] : **<8
m** +**0 ;f**
+,)**0 **&" N)**/ +** 1** W :y**= 1**= _" ,%/=**
m* +*0 ;f*
2*! *&" ,%*& :** "* a* :u*= 1= _" ,%/=
4%/=
4
'> (SF ,
%' :
hDP"J a :(S a
`
:C+
:(j _c ]08 :9+
@
4r] :Ar W %F + ; -
4¢W (& U" ,2r] : =0o (W %F + ; -
4r] :Ar %/= %F + ; -
4M] :u0o %/= %F + ; -
4f3o] :+
&/ h %F + ; -
D ,C/]D :Z;7 < %F + ; -
4aCK"
١٣٧
4V/]" ,/] :
, < %F + ; -
:
] + h6 (j S A4 ]08 :(cV
@
4
" ,}" ,Z;I :%F
C (S fQ +
F ;J :d6W
4r] :0 ," i< & (D
4 :0 ,]>" i< 07
O (S a +
F ; :')0
4V :0 ," i< 07
O (S a +
F ; :(
]
4+
,/ f]"
(S a _ h ; 3 •
h _ " ,r] :0 ,%/= A F (S a %& 1c h/;
4f3" (" E0A F
4%/= N&F DD 9;J d8 M]" r] &
/, UA (S f •

١٣٨
‫ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬:‫ﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑ‬
:#
;
*!" \*! " , )* *! %'*M 2* *! *
*
C hDP:"J a ]
O
4+A xr f! :0 ,3- 1- ? )
,m*D9;J f?*S x %*& i* 0 3" ,%*/ ^*P" *
B aU, a xr <8
H***0
*** V*** ***
B %***& " ,?**&" ,***; :***0 ,l[***S %***& ***] \**]
* 2r*]" ,+*/ * ^q*M" ,*@ 1 * 2 /¡! 8 ?H"
4 ) ! ! 3F ^q; 3 a3 r] A rU" , ) ! %'M 2
:A? #+
:¢W U/ \<" , A" , -c :&0 - f
:?L ? 7)B #+ :9+
@
8j t0L t0L <#
,***p
O <'*** %***& ?***/, " *A I*&
O ,Ar W xr −
Z)/ " h8 + <;" :***0 ,\***I 8 ,\***I& ***
B
4hI Z' " §onmlk¦
,\***I ***
B" , :(***7,
D *
f?q****; xr**** :****0
\***
47
J
,***p
O <'*** %***& ?***/, E*0A *I& , =0o (W ? –
?****& +**** I n****[;" :*0 , *I 8 , I&
B "
4 + I Z' §EDCBA¦
, ***I ***
B" , :n***;
١٣٩
8j t0L t0L <#
&* r] E,0 ? :0
4D/;I
J
N**** M ;9rD****C" r**** ,Ar***** %/=***** l*****[; r –
D
**** ?****U8 ,%****/= N****&F ,
I**& **
B " **0A
9I**&
?***]" ,+*** ***7 ¢***W \*= *@ N:PJ r 0
,)**0"
O ,n ** ** 8
O ** N*********[ ********* *********&
4f
!"
` :*0" ,L*;L ,& &"
r** **] **7" **
4U/" \
¡
q;
4%/= N&F @&F u****0o %/=**** l****[;" −
:
,
I*& *
B " 0A
9DDI&
*** **Mf! *** :**0
**** ****7 , ;r****
4
& ,M< ©I
*
;"
C ,p
O ^W %& ?/, +***I \***= ,Ar*** h*** ;r:C –
+******* I Z'******* +******* ÒÑÐÏ¦ :%********* M
4?& 4 :w §ÔÓ
***I" ,<'*** %***& ?***/, :*0 ,0" Ar h % –
%*D/,9
J8 f3 "*
O * **<; " ,*,] %* r*
f!
+* n*[;" ,'*< %*& 4D,9]DD % Hr

4?& + I Z'
:
%**& **
/, f**" : * **
B" **I **0 **&! {************** –
,H*
١٤٠
8j t0L t0L <#
?***p" {*** *** ,'***< **W| {** :**0 , **I –H***************"
,<'* %&
/,8 {" ?* b0F U " Lp –?***************p"
Z'**> +** **
; h**" H****<8 ,h****p ?****&" 4{" ,f"
4?& + I ******0 h****** '*****[
f****
ir****> **** {****"
** ?**p" ,H** H**-
4f H- f
ir>
:+7 O
; m, %F"
R R]GP;Q 9S (%zVQ SRj (P
~ 30RX bGScPQBP ,oRX 7 R )9 A Q ?QPS
S S S S S P
PS:SS :SWS PSP;Q /PRj /
Q %
w S PS:S
SP RRP+S
R ( R;S !P
S S
S}RQ u
S oSR T R
P;SS ,`@P+S Sz2Q R(P;SS RPS PR /
Q %
w S
S cS
@WPS RSPR 6S S>PQ R R
*[$6S> PIQ`Q
PS S S oX bSQBP oX JQPS
R R X
SRQ PS 3R0X 7R: R :
X R
S oXS 7:

SSS @fPcS S X S 5
E;" ,;
O A ;r yf! :0 ,!" ` ,)0"
O 8 O
O f
<M ;r :x 7 ;r :+I
Z)*/ _ ;r*" ,h*8 _ "rJC :17; N Y " ,2A ;r H" ,2A ;r
:& 1I +/" ,\;r] / a]" ,"
: : C/ *******;
D D9 (OD*******BD \******
*******> : *
[ D 9 D >,
D )**** D rJ*****C J*****90D
C * J,C*****-D "
\
U' _ V " , , :yS XS" , , :\
7& XS
4 , :\
U' XS 4!" ` ,)0
O
p" 8 O "f :1I "rC :1I
١٤١
:0 ? #B :(cV

@
**W ,u**0o" ,Ar**" ,h**" ,%**/=" ,**W %**& m**M ?** ?**]"
:? 1" _ d
" ,>"
8j !
0C u0 <#
*U *
;" ,<'* %& %D/,9MJ " ***A ,Ar**
O * \***I PS − [
*<8 , * _ U I Z' " %**/= " * O *W ,* =0Oo
9* D yf**! :**0 _ h**8 \** _ %**F ¡**6:\**= ,* !
O
_ Z)***0 \*** _ ***<M" ,***I ,^)*****/ ¨)*****; 9*****D
\* _" ,*/& * E*; :0 ¨)**M 9* D %**F ¡**6
4/& 9D: H
J :0 ,! 9*D %**F ¡**6 ,^)**/
I)******M " I)******;
9*D %F ¡6" ,^)/
I)******; " I)******;
.^)/
*U" <'* %*& *
/, ?]" \*I
\ 'M" −
ONM¦ :%* M +*I \

* \*7 ; 3 \ 'M I" ,\7 ; \ 'M \
7& A
\*
7& ** , :**/ §ba`_^]\[ZYXWVUTSRQP
4
`
* +*0 N*8 :+*7 *;g V* 3' \7 ; 3
8 U 1I %&
; I"
3 *" \*7 ; * *;/A h8 aU/8 1I V" \7 ; Z0! ZB \7 ; 3 " \7 ; }c
. :\)W XS \7 ; W \7 ;
§§¦¥¤£¢¦ :%* M 1*I 4\*7 ; * HW*- _ \ '*M

; A
4 :\)W XS 4 :\/ §ÑÐÏÎÍÌ¦ :% M 1I" , :w
١٤٢
8j !
0C u0 <#
O " ****A Ar***
,?*& *U I Z' n[; ,****=0o O *
49D _ m, A ,* !
O " %**/= " *
O *W
: D0D :\=
* W
) H D
** " ,Q**,0 ** **U E*
J *70
* " ,;Q,0 U E70
,f****,0 **** ****U E****70
**** W
)**** H****0"
9*: " )I U E,A
4l)I " ,
)I
1 N****&F _ (****/ n****c ,2**
" \**I **<M" 1 −
%***& ***
/, ***<M , ***- ****0 ,2****
" ****W
** 8
O **U n**[;" ,<'** " ,ap**7 yf**! :V**I
H**A N** 9MJ 9D **!"
` ,)**0"
O " ,***p7 " , ***p7
W)* h* *d ^
)*" ?(7 ,p***7 " ,***p7
*UG8 ,*> f?* \*= ]
,N*******A E*******;"
***c. %***& ***
& H***A
*- d< D9;"
J
,Z***M< f***! :***0 ,n***-
n***-" %***& \c***M
?ZM< " ,ZM< E;"
,\*&W a 0 ^;-
W)*" ,1* W a"
f*! :*0 ,@ U,
xr****** :x Vq******
f***********!" ,V***********P
١٤٣
8j !
0C u0 <#
:x ,2***** N"q*****
42 ND:PJ xr
a*** %***& E***c ***8
" ,\**! **0 ,**!
+,******; n******-" %******&
\**= ,(** f**
n*-" %& " Z>)
\q***8 \***= \
q***W
i****> ?****U8 %****& "
4n; M
Z>)** +,**S +**!""
F" (**** f****
`
3F Z- 7 A
,a*** \***= ***- +***0
,V**
:x ,V,>)**8
%**F i)**/; 3 %/ **8
**0F" , ,>)** %**/
Hr***** %*****F i)****/;
,n**- r**@ W)**
4aD
D EU,SQ8
aU/*" ,
/, <M U
8 US xr**** %****/ ****<M" " −
١٤٤
8j !
0C u0 <#
n **" ,* 8
O "** **@ ; ** ,2*
B" \*I ,+&"8"
?** ," :\**= *` *! f**
" ,,)*
O *0 ?]" ,2
B" W"
1**I x" +*
&" ,Z>*- %*/ _ ?3 1-
:& " yf***! :1***7M ,²***
6
aU
7 " A 8 "" ,E*****I "" ,*****I

0WA a]/& x ?,'8 "" ,*****I "" ,*****I
4I "" ,I
J , ********- ********<M"
n***[;" ,<'*** %***& %***D/,9M" −
?*& *U I ic* U e ***>" ***W \ '***M"
4!"
` ,)0"
O 8
O ,u*******0o" Ar*******
%*********/=" *********W"
**** :1****7M ,h****"
?***U; ***" ?E***;
******"?U; ******"
?U; " ?aU;
******** U********7; *
,m,** **A ,
UW**3
?UI :0
:\**
7& ** X**S 4**I H" yf**!" ,E**I H yf**! :u**0o **W _ 1**7; ** aU/**"
4
Hf*! u*
> +*
8 ]*" , :
* ; *" , :\
7& " , :yS 2A
4Z>- %/ ? " \= i" - "
١٤٥
8j !
0C u0 <#
******* U7,'*******; *
* :0 ,
UW3
U**7; a** **8 ?**UI
3 **d8 V** ** f?**S
*<M \* - <M
O
*****8c ,(*****SF a*****
a]****/ 8 ,
8****<
+J***DC7MD (***SF a***
4+7; a " f?S
******** Z********A; 3C *
h******
UW******3
,(****>" ****A
)****
_ ¨**********W **********UG;"
* :EI 8 ,N&
*** E***0<8 ,E /***-
*
O E*0A" ,,
O *-
E*** ! ***" ,3**
**d8 (**>" **A **
UW**** a**** N**** 9MJ
Vr*A" ,7 + 1 W
4 _ 17;
١٤٦
8j !
0C u0 <#
**>" _ %* D/,9MJ ,1**> ** **U ***>" ***W ['***M" x −
J u*********0o" Ar*********
: KK _ ND 9M"
**- ir**>" EW
**P F :%**/D,9MJ %*********/=" *********W"
:V*7A" , 7'* *;gA ,U- :% M +I \= ,h"
a**U;e E**;" ,ap**I a**U;e ?**/, ; onml¦
**Up/, ,ap**I aU;Q*
e * H**" ,ap**I tsrqp
41> h
! _ aq %&
x :a;************** §u
:
**- D**A" J EW
**P F ND** 9M" J
:**0"444**S **] xr**
**] a**U;e ?**/, ; :**0 ,U**-
4apI ] aU; ?/, ;
,ap***I ***] a***U;C E***;" ,ap***I
4apI ] aU;Q
R H"
****- ****A" nq****M a**** F" *
,ap*I ] x ?/, ; :0 ,U-
xQ*
¯ H*" ,ap*I *] *;` E;"
4apI ]
**- Ar*; a**" nq*M a* F" *
,ap**I x
?**/, ; :**0 ,U**-
xQ**
¯ * H***" ,ap***I ***;` E***;"
4apI
X**S" , , :Z**

, ?**/" , :\**
7& ** X**S :_ \
)**W +**!" 2r**] **G0
4 :\)W
١٤٧
:O A
PIR2Q x(zES SP%8R .Q- oSSiSS PRQ S
R CS;Q AP+SS ,SS ,PSS
5Q SS b;S+S 3R;: X JS"RPSS 5Q S PIRPSS `@P+S 3R0XSS
R:SSP 3RW S P;Q PS SRj PS P+S R IS#PR0)P S S
PS *S$ S !QGPRS

:
}
O
%*& )*" , - %F ! A ,-c
` A f 1- /8&
4 ! +,S" , ! :
P
: M :9+
@
:
8 F" ,
F ?]"
,1*- *- ?*] :ap*I 2* *8 ,ap*I 2 xr f! :\= :()9 −+
4
?]"
4
8 ?]" , ) ! +AQ8 ,+A xr f! :\= :(
# −h
: } 2
: - I _ ;
xr** f**! :^)**; **8 ,Nr**<" ¨)** \**M :x , **;¤c **<M :AB
4
,6
p0F +P ! ;+J9:P
9
*
/=M" *8F
O +*7;" 1*- %*& * ;
P %& <M :FG
O
f*U8 ,+*A xr* f*! :*0 ,*p %'*;
q* r] ,=
0QM"
ArM"
O !"
O
4xr %& ;
P
:?]" c "S /]
١٤٨
* xr* q*> :*; *8 ,Z* %*/
c ) ! <M -
!+/'>
+*/< xr* f*! :; 8 ,U,I A %F (7W
B ) ! <M -
4\
[
n*; M _ *
WM ?*< ,+*
F < +
!M \,I h' 8" ) <M -
4+U!" _ +W0 xr f! :; 8 ,1-
8 W
O 1- A 8 ,1- m; :p
q _ ;"
f*! :*0 ,%*/= h* 1* Vr*A" ,m'* 1= 0 ,W
O
q <;
* Vr*A" ,aU*A ;r* f*! :*0 ,h* *> _ VrA" ,UA r
?* Hf*! :*0 ,u*0o" , 7'* = \=
Ar8 ,u
0Q"
Ar u
>
4r<]" ,UA
:O A
P SR0SPQ vxR9S x(R"S b S8S P S?R YQS
PS QfS PS IS wQS
:
Uo4
**/] 3F , )** _ 1**- m**
q** **!" **; +**0 **0A
:d
" ,
q U
8 ir; I H3>
: # %8 ]L
@ +0] / j −+
**, ¤**c +**8 , :i**cL §zyxwv¦ :%** M +**I :**0
W* *" ,*W 2¤c" , +0 ;p ir> ^)
8 ,+F ] :x ,i"r
f*! :+*= ,ir*; a* *, *
B *p *A *8 , ! +,S 3" !
/]
١٤٩
+,*S " , *! 2¤*c *< *, *p *A F" ,n* ir*M *8 ,]! r
48' 2 ] xr f! :+= ,p ir; a !
:B ? ? / j −h
, :a;* §utsrqponml¦ :% M +I :G
:¤[" ,i"r
q x ] , ,A )" x /] 1-8
4S ] aU; :;7" ,S
: d}c ! & i :
W
@ 8 / j −
, :(7, §IHGFEDCBA¦ :% M +I :G
**] xr** \* W N)**/ **p r*]" ,+0"'**; :2;**7M i"r*
**P :*p 8
4\
@
:A]60)9 + A b 8 A !8W ) bj W` / j −

q**8 ,+
**PI :;**7" , :+**6§±°¯®¦ :%** M +**I :G
_ 1,73 %& 1; ]" ,\&8 a :iq" , 8P " ]" ,i"r
4YI8 :x ,+,I \
1= r]
: G A? XQ ,U M
@
/ j − i
:;*7" , :/o §qponml¦ :% M +I :G
:+*I _ 1*- %*& +*= \*c *! i*> ir* " p 8 ,+/ M
4
:k4:
,)*/
O ,*&8
O *A f* ,*p ir*> *; +*0
*,; m, •
4"
O
١٥٠
tsrqponml¦ :%*** M +***I :_W AG •

, ,A )" ,xr %/ x /] 1-8 , :a; §u
,*S *] a*U; :;*7" ,i"r* *]
*P :*," ,S :2¤c"
4h8 \ _ ] p 8
:30 h8e
**
A **/ +)**M3 ^**W %**& ?**/, sq* \** 8 :sL**/0 § m¦
*** +*** \*** 3 ^***W %***& ?***/, i***> ?***]" ,(***S,
40 2;7M !
O '
P \&W" ,N&
+**
F iq** :
**S" ,iq** :\**A ,"**" **! :\**A ** §pon¦
4('< &" "
,+* 1* W Z)*0 \* _ aq* %& ?/, 1- a :x §q¦
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/, \)
P :a]" ,iq :x
**- :¤**[" **," ,**] :2;**7M ,i"r** **, ¤**c §r¦
4N& U \ 3 1-
: :**;9D E9**D:&D **" :%** M +**I :h}% AG •
(L**> (f**I %**& a9U;
_ *]" ,+*& :;*7" ,f*U :*]" *p
q* ir*> u
> ;?p'<"
4+ 1 W Z)0 \
:30 h8e
%*& ?*/, ~* \* 8 :\*& :E*& , *- : , W6& :" E& "
4N& U \ 3 u
0Q fM :f" ,^W
iq* *]" ,(*7 q* +* 8 *&" ,s*8 \*&8 :x*; aU;;
١٥١
**! \** _ <'** %**& ?**/, \)**
**P a**]
q**"
+*/" ,+*& :;*7" ,i"r*
P + 1 W" ,+
F iq
, :f**** §hg f e d c¦ :%**** M +****I
4?C& +A
D :;7"
4 i F" , 8P " F ]" :M AG •

, :+***6§±°¯®¦ :%*** M +***I ***0 :W"e M ◊
\ _ ]" ,i"r
q ] p 8 ,+
PI E0 YI8 :;7"
4+
F iq !
:30 h8e
'*
*P \*&W" , i> ir> %& ?/, , \ 8 :YI §®¦
4E0 :2;7M !"
O
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ - §¯¦
4, h8 \ _ ^W %& ?/,
P §°¦
**!
**3 **" ,(**7 q** s**8 **, ¤**c :~**I §±¦
:x ;f*U 2;*7M i"r* *p " ,N& U \ 3 )
4+
PI E0
:& 1I +/"
:"CLD****MJ a9****D 9****D D *
:MQ9;D"D
: ****,Dc9D 9 : V*** : * ! ED* 9/AJ * * ;D 9 VD* D x:,J*
O ] D D J C 9 D
4 8P " ]" ,p ir8 ,+]! E/A \- "
:& 1I +/" :M U M ◊
v;9D*******IJ E9C*******-D xr:*******C: ?R)D*******0J
١٥٢
4+ E9C-D :x
Y*Wc xr* i* \*= <; p YWc xr i s0 _ ;"
J
41-
: M ]2 :(cV
@
:f
S KK +,S"
4/& xr f! :\= :Uk −[
4 _ xr f! :\= :M M −
m,* *I" ,Nq* f*! :*0 ,1 :** W*- h7M ?]" :} #} −
4+/& u;
\*- 8 ,i"r* \* W 1 ] 0F "" " ,iG m"
E'*
" *! *<M )8 ,/& 7 xr f! :x ,/& xr f! :/I _
4 ! +,S
:M M Uk & 0
0<; U
8 ; +08 ""
O ! O ! +,S ) E0A F
` " ,8|
,2*/ ^J*PM"
R ,1*- *@F \*;LM (*p8 U/ \< \- \); :x ,
9M
C
4( _ xr E<" ,/& xr a<M :0 ,U7 Ar !>
B
h* * *" i*G * * (*pW *!" %*& 1*M & ^P""
:
M- _ r] m7;" ,]A U7 aUW; ?] :2"
O i"r m r] <; :bB
,* *! * %*& 1*; ¡
*S
" ,** 7**3 :r**] '**;" ,**c. %**/ (**; " ,m** q**"
i*G *
W; 3 :/& xr a<M :0 ?W8 ,! ]/ " , <
O
f?*S (*; *
B * ,7 !"
O l[ !" %& 3 =A ¡
S
O /&
١٥٣
**] r**]" ,**]
B " ,(f**7 " ,N** " \**A **0 ,**! r**] %**& **c.
,*]
B " */;I %*F +U8 _ b; 3" ,0A A , < " , 73
O

B" ,7 !"
O ( _ ! :x ,( _ xr E< :0 VrA"
4 = ]
B"444? " ,Vq " ,/ :0 ,c. f?S (;L
7
, *- h*I" F +*8r> Z*!" *] *UW"
O *P"
O * < r] A "
h*I" F *!"
O irD*9;J VrA" ,2A \= +8r8 , nA _ +
F !
O " , W- " ,O¤c
43>
7'* ] xr x ,( _ xr E< :]" ,0A : ? 8 AGW
4( _
41L/ _ pA :x ,1L/ _ W) :]
@ 8 AG
4 , _ 7'
` :x , , _ W) EQM :94
@ 8 AG
444(7' 2r] :x ,L;L& m;- ; _ 2r] :#? 8 AG
O
m* *UG;" , */;I *! 8"r* *-c O *U7 *<; :(cG
` *
xr* E<*" ,*/& n*I" xr a<M :17M Q , 7' = Y _ j[
3" ,*/ " ,i*I *] *-c
` %*/ xo*M ,0 " ,nI" <8 ,( _ 0
q**> ** **]
**8 ,**@ ^;)**" ** _ +**A Ar** 3F +**U8 **<;
D
" ,iI* *
7 q*" *! *] *0F" ,
*7 2*!"" l[
ir**> **8 ,+**
& 1**; \
** 3F j**[ m** ir**> ^)**; 3 r**U" ,/*
)*; 8 ,
M
C
B " h " iG A \

j[ m
Zq*B " ,V* Zq*B xr* r*] :;M ,V/ " ,V xr r] :\= , )
*
q*> xr* N*B *;M ,444V* xr " ,444
xr NB :\=" ,444V/
4V xr"
١٥٤
*0A
O +*7 *<;
*> – i*7 ^*W – 7'*
` :%'*; +
&/ +,S"
O
4 /;7 8"r " ,Ar
O -c
` 0AO +7 <;
> O :%';" ,&
`
*U8 ,lI0 −/]− "" ;V xr f! :17; 3 +0 /& r@"
V* * xr* f! :\- 8 ,/] \ W ir; <; 3" ,i"r \ W 1
4lI0 i| +0 ; xr f! :17; 3" ,− =
O –
\* W
7 0A - "" " ,iG hI" F +0 – q;
O – /&"
4/& 7 xr f! :17; 8 ,A " ,7 :2;7M !"
O i"r
**" ,i**G %**F \** W ** \**70 \** W _ O'** **A xr**
q**"
:7* \*&W8 ,*/& 7* xr* f! :U- ,/& xr f! :+= ,""
\*70 \* ,
q ] xr +&8 ir0 a 7 /8r> /0 3F ,'
P
4"" %F " ,iG %F
:& 1I V %& \
"
C * DD***9/&: x
*** DD!9D D]9** : oD***8J C:***8D aJAJD***: ~
: 9QD***: ?:0***D=9!J VJ***;D 9:***8D
\* W _
q* %& \
] rU8 ,h! ] 7 xo8 8 :\- 8
,h!Q** i**G 0**A **/0F u**
> ,i**G %**F \**70 −7** :x− i"r**
4i<
AM
O
" ,] xr
q
AM :h!Q8
:O A
R
SWPSBP h
!PS A R S
PQR IScQPSS AP+S Q S?R T R
S R?S T#S?S
3#R0S6PS R
+S S(PmS +S UoPS S 3RWS 6@ S>PQ hSS8P+S PIQ`Q
PS S
APfS0SLPQ /P+S PS +SS TfPcS UQ oPS WS !P>S0SCPQ PS /PRjS !T?PS !P>S0SCPQ /PRj
3 RMS%PQ R R Q oP !RRPQ !x?PSR 3 R ]P { S? /PRj
T (GS PiQSP%8 U S S S S S
x R R x R R
P ISS QPcS PSS ,?PS P ,!x
P#R
d dP }S0ScP /RRj !x}0SQ 8S 3W
١٥٥
b`SS PR xP+S S
PS a
x S ~ S cPnSS `S#RQ
x ?R U
P S S Q oP4S uS oSS
.PS QIPWS 5QPSS oRXR XQ- S R ?QP R Q oR X oS S
XS A S S X
4 )* *! %'*M 2* *! *
* h*P" a :A? )9
:'I +|W"
,Z5 :>?1 <9 ,*W7 ,V ,HW :>?1 @

A
H! ,] ,%] ,P! ,5 ,\@[[[ ,XY ,Z)W[[[ ,*[[[7

\+7 ,@ ,M@ ,V=@
:/8c }
: :9+
@
4apI 2 xr f! :
F :?]"
42 I xr f! :
8 F"
: } 2
4Nr<" ¨) \M , ;¤c <M −
41- %& ;
P %& \M −
O
_" ,h*" ,
/=" ,8 _ 1- 7 <; :p _ ;"
4u
0Q"
Ar
:A4+ &
Uo
4W +/& O¤[ , A F −
4x * - 2- A F −N
١٥٦
4Z)0 \ _ ]" , 8
O +& A F −*!
O
41,73 " 1 %& 1; \&8 a %F 8q A F −
J
4+= 1- C!J i "
O A F −*]
: M ]2 :(cV
@
*<M *U
8 D9*;J ;*- W*- *F" ,"*" *! *F" i*| F ?]"
41- @F \;LM (p8 @ \); :x ,(
W

١٥٧
«‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻑ ﺑـ »ﺃﻝ‬:‫ﺴﺎ‬
 ‫ﺧﺎﻣ‬
(*<0 A 8 )8 ,n; +M8Q8 1 +7, a :1 * 7
4W" ,N<" ,\! :0
%*& ]*>" * +;,
* *;" ,\*
[ 1*I %*& n*; M i*> UA 1"
O
%**& 1 **3 (**=< E**-" h**I (L**] **©L]" ,**Wc¥ **8c ,^**-
4^!
:O A
R WR !PQ ~ x R
;S U
X R+S ,
'PS%
X ( S WPX8S 'TS%SWS 'P6SWS Q: P Q P4S *AP+S$
:IC+
)**> n**; **F" ,
'**/ :%'**M" , /** n**; **<M **F ?**]"
4 ;U :U 17;" ,+/ (U
:I
.A+- − +
" *8
O U \ M n; ! ]
W8 ,(</ %& \cM ? ?]"
:F ?]" , pS
O U,
O A O/

yf*! :V*I *0 ,*< _ A @) m, ?]" :o I
-
¨§¦ :%* M +*I +*/" ,Ar* n
q :x ,n
q EAQ8 n
P
4− :\L
R k §°¯®¬«ª©
,(]*" * _ *P>
O )*
O *<; * *]" :` I
-
4+
8 0 xr P
:x ,
E¡! :\=
4 :
W %& yS XS" , :\
7& XS :_ fg G0
١٥٨
+*
F *<W i)*/
8 ,*/]
O *U
O @)* *<; ?]" :3%io I
-
\*! *U&
O V*,6[
" V/
QA" ,
q> :\= ,+ m/
4+,6[M D
" V/
O/] U \! :x ;\! q> :178
:(C%M .A+- −h
,¨* *F ?]" ,U 3 / %/
W8 (</ %& \cM ? ?]"
4 7
7
, F"
:(=0)9 .A+- − [
+7A ,28 h
! \M Q , / 8 h
! ¨3 <M F F ?]"
h
! ¨3 F" ,+/ 8 \A :x :f'/ §WVU¦ :% M
1" ,1***! HW**- \**A V**
8 E*** ! :x ,\**! E**0 :\**= ,+)**p)c
4E; A ,U I \A sI" ^); ? ?] ,
I3
O / 8 ¨3 1 <M I"
M :x
h! :0 8&
4
0 M 3 ,2
:6(6 /(] 30 .A+- −p
+*
& ¨)*; *& *G/ h*7 ,+
,6" ,+
]" , / 7
7>
,M ? ?]"

*8 ,(* ¤- \! :\= ,U \A 1> ^); 3 Vr" ,28
:
O ]¤-" ]DDD: ¨WM f'/ <; 78 ,VrA \! \A
41!
=A
%*F \* , / 8 h
! %F @ G/
B , 7
7 n; – /] − 1"
4?] u
> +
]
4 :Z
, ?/ :G0
4 j ?/
; ," h!
١٥٩
O 1 1,M :nC
ad*8 ,*
%*F
_ E 3" ,
> _

4
' 3 ;7 _ <; :r] _ Z" ,7 _ D7D9: :7;
:0;
)* 0 ?" :
W; " ,U/& u; m, I" : - :s0 KK 1
:
'I %& ©; _ ?]" ,(pL 1 :]" uK s0 /]" ,U/& u;
i| ]" g , < a/- a ]" :H _ <M ? ?]" :r9 −
4H3- %& Ec @ " H" ,;r"
D %& P
−*" H*/ _ – aU*I *0 ,a O c ?]" :r9 (m−
4" H/ :(Q< Nq %&

‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬:‫ﺳﺎ‬
 ‫ﺳﺎﺩ‬
D P:J ]"
H*I :0 ,
q %F iqD;J QA , W' i > %F n
4+A
4; NA :0 ,a %F iq 1=" •
4r] NA :(S a %F iq 1=" •
4/& xr NA :1- a3 %F iq 1=" •
4\! NA 1 * i %F iq 1=" •
iq* 3F ,+
F n
P ,M \= n; _ 8 %F iq ,M" •
4a ,M _ \ ,q ,M _
8 ,q
**0 ,()**7 (**</ f**0 :**]" i** ** * O *S aUq** " •
O * ¡
*
4\J!JD ; :V '0 VI
4 :Z
, ?/ , :\
7& XS
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓـﻮﻋـــﺎﺕ‬
١٦١
‫ﺑـﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬
:58W −
E
H ,G6 ,6 ,
* E CA E
< * CD B#
( & GI
/
‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪﺃ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮ‬:‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‬
:+0]
;
?*GW \& +,I
8 ,/
GW \ & s8 a3 ]
4+
8 \ ; ;;
*A *U /'*M %*> *
GW \* *& *< *0! :x ;/ :/I"
4c
4apI ; :AG
4
7 +
F /" ,
GW \ ! a d ;, ; <8
4(p
GW \ , m,'; ;"
¯ * V,'* :O & Df 7] :c
:f*, ,V,'* :*/78 ,+&* *S
1*S *]U| * h/ (7 q + 8 &" s8 , :V,'>" ,(p
4pL i> A \
4V 2M a V ± NCJ :0 ,Df I(] U +
4 :hU h]

١٦٢
1*S *]U| h/ ,(7 P h8 &" ,s8 , :± <8
4pL +
, i> A \
4 O " :
7'
= _ ,8
` s8 ,GW
:+0] ?
:1<S + ,"
a* :x*, *<8 ,*
&*S x*, :*0 ,il
@ )
@ / /+ −[
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 a ]" 4, hI" ]|

*P :*0 <8 ,)[ 0 :0 ,[$:}#%
@ JW (" / /+ −p
4, h8 \ _ ,aq %& ?/, \)W/
+***I" , :***& 1. §ÍÌËÊÉ¦ :%*** M +***I ***0"
4 :nU< §DCBA¦ :% M
4 : §nmlkjih¦ :% M +I"
" x) i> b[';J , W :x ,9Z
@ }
@ / /+ −s
)*8 , :f'*/§°¯®¬¦ :%* M +*I _ *M *A ,+*
& \c
aAJ¤*- :;*7" ,*, h8 \ _ "¤)M \ W" ;) 1"o
, :E)***8 §FEDCBA¦ :%*** M +***I +***=" ,a***< **
v *
c
u;*" ,a;*7 ?* *< _
=A r]" ,~ V;®
J +M;. " :;7"
N**&F" 4 :(**7,§ba`_¦ :%** M +**I +**/" ,n;**
:? / %&
c
,*] ,0 ,a0 ,0 ,E0 ,0 ,0 :?]" –

q N _ ]A m, – )W/ h8 pP"
4] ,a] ,]
4 :y> 4 ,'
/
١٦٣
9 ,
8/¡ :"
3 <'* %*& ?*/, i*> 4 ,*-0 ;) : §_¦
4N& + \
1* 8 * +*0 ;/ ir> +,)0 &" ,N)/ sq \ 8 §`¦
\* _ <'* %*& ?*/, \)*
P & """ , '[
,*, h8 \ _ ) \;"QM _ +
& Ec " " 4\&8 h8
4a<- :;7"
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 ¤c §a¦
i*<" ,N*& * +* \* 3 ^W %& ?/, ! i> §b¦
4h a
" ! \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
P
:]L
;
4, h (pW + aM xr fL ]
:O A
R 2S
29Si R SBP ^ :S YPSR#
S wR0 7QfPM
S S y SQ Q Q]SL
S S
:D% 70 9
%*& a*<" , *U (*</ ;(<0 3 8 <; :, _ \-
*
I L [; 3 +0 ;(p8 \)M a ,I \! :EI 8 ,
W; 3 1U
* *! (</ f3 " I +0 3F , 8 f3 \- A Vr ,1!
4V ¬';
:D% 70 9 5mC

%*F – *UA – Y ,* *U ! *I" ,(</* f*3 *U
8 ¬'*; H3*> /]
4j)["
١٦٤
v * :
AGW
*[ (*pW E)*>" ,\*! _ *& */U8 ,* _ \*!
41! /!
4 :(7, §zyxwv¦ :% M +I :}L AG
,n**- E)*)RcJ **d< ,**@ f**3 **!" ,(**<0 **]" ,**, **,& :**8
4O/o +0< , s
S EI u
> ,(pW E)8
4(pW 1)> %& +A V _ "
:+7 O +
F S r]"
*YPSRcS xPrS SP%8R$S P#R;Q PS S YPSR% R M 9
X R SR0P 9 rQ Q S SS
cSS%P8R RSR P R !T
S Q SS S%S !yR SWS P(Q RW b0@WS !PiSS
Q fRS R
!P6SQ PS S KP6S(QPS !PS8SS T(PS R(PL S 3RW T]SmPSS
4(</ f (
=A HB' (/ " I"
:{Q; U/ Ar0
*" ?a<
*8 %*8 \*] :*0 , /* *8 \A I' 8 b 8 ~ j −[
4UW3 " ?W/ W' (</ f3 ¬
C xr8 , _ \!
:V" ,} b 8 ~ j −p
, :(***7, §zyxwv¦ :%*** M +***I ***0 ,~#?RQ j *
**dA (</** f**3 ¬** xr**" ,**, :\**! :** 8 ,0**/& a
**M ** \**!"
4 8-
,s*8 *, :\*& :**8 ,N*,
v *
c \J*D&D :*0 ,Dc bj ~#("+ j *
4+8PF \& :* f3 ¬ xr" ,2¤c :N," ,+
F iq :
c
4
c v
v
[ _ ,B :VI \= :i
(W ~ 8 j *
١٦٥
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 , ,B
:*
[" 4N*& * + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> :_
[ _
4('< 2! &" _* " a
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , ¤c
c
*8 ,]* *
8 E*& *d :(*<0 ?]" , ,B : < f3 ¬ xr8
4x/
9 \ s0 &0
O ; m
r]" ,@ m ""
40f! \v
9!DJ :0 ,5=z?Q j *
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , \
!
%**& ?*/, \)*
*P :*0" ,^**W %*& ?*/, ~* \* 8 :f*! 0f!
*
O *! '**
**P \**&W" ,+** 1** W Z)**0 \** _ <'**
4¤c h8 \ _ 0f! !" ,] 2;7M
4 8- L/ ?U8 () d (</ f3 ¬
C xr"
40f!
- \! :%/ "
,&*S * _ :*0 ,*U
& *7
O ""
O ! @ ]L / j −s
` " ,Wl
4ZMA 0/&"
:& 1I 0 ,(M# *j$ + *9$
~
j –
C : C]
:**** DG J ****;DDD E9C7DD****
9 ****
C z***7D: x: \e***AJ D"9D D v,D:***-
9 3D9***D
,(**<0 ?*]" ,*, ,**- *A E* I" u*
> ,,**- 3* :+*I ]*"
43 U&I" V ¬ xr"
40/& \! 8 H& :VI +/"
**" ,UW**3" ,** f** **0 ,I] #B ~c j −
4 ;¤[ aA" ,
,
١٦٦
4 :f'/ §dcba`¦ :% M +I : ) AG

4, h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, S a §`¦
+**L! **&" ,"L** ** \** 8 sq** \** 8 :\** ; §ba¦
, **W +,)**0 **&" ,N)**/ +** 1** W :f*
O * ,<'**
4] :2;7M !
O '
P \&W"
D 9D :I#0)9 ) AG
?/&
4, h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, ,UW a 9D
?/,
P i<" ,iq ]" ^W %& ?/, < i| /&
m** ** +,**S" ,+**
F iq** **! \** _ ^**W %**&
4, ¤c ,pA :2;7M !"
O i"r
!f'
D \! :(]M
0 *$ AG
\* _ <'* %*& ?*/, a
*G& f?*S :%/ (<0 a
4, h8
*
O *! '**
**P \**&W" ,^**W %**& ?**/, ~** \** 8 \!
4 %& ; ] 2;7M
*" ,(]*G W Z)/ &" ,N)/ + 1 W f'
4 ¤c h8 \ _
W
:]L *$ AG
: D***&: ?***D&D E9***,DD>D 9***ID fD&D9***8D
x z****: cD"D *** z
J *;:!D ****;D VD****D ****C&D a9****AD
C
z ^pS"
4(p %& a J v :G : 70 9 {} I( 8 >8 j −
L,c
?*]" a ^pS U
& n& I +0 ;L,c :?]" (</ f3 ^- 78
4 8P ))[ (<0
١٦٧
4 q + 8 &" ,s8 , L,c
,s**8 L**,c %**& i** a** :^p**S" , **W6& :"** a ^pS"
+*
F iq* a*" ,iq* ]" (]G q + 8 &"
4('< 2! &" "
4¤c h8 \ _ ! +,S (p %&
4 :H8) §RQPO¦ :0 ,78 b 8 D% ~ j −
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , §O¦
\* _ <'* %& ?/, " a :1F ,! i> :%& §RQP¦
2*! *&" ,"* +*
F iq*
*;" ,iq* ]" !
4i) s/ +0 ;('< &
0 W
4V
& ;"
v ,VDD v9
8D U
O :0 ,J%; + !(}#; b 8 ~ j −
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , ;
4¤c i"r m – ! +,S – "" ! V
*A %*F x*/ Z*] :*0 ,A ? & D% ~
j −
v
42; _ S"
** +** \** 3 ^**W %**& ?**/, i**> ,1** "" :"** S"
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , :S ,N&
*" ,¤*c i"r* m – ! +,S – "" ! 2; _
f*3 ¬* xr*" ,1*> Z)*0 \ _ ¤[" ,
41 ! - _ U&I" (</
١٦٨
:(%0 ]L & !?B

;(*<0 *<; ¤*[ _ \*- 8 , 8 <; , _ \- A F
4 8 {Q; I" ,%/ _ , n-" +0
4G/ ; , ; :G

‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮ‬
4 +,S – – W :?]" U
& {Q; 1<S KK ¤[
: # ]L :9+
@
:
O \;"
v r] ;\= ,ik )9 −[
4
4, h8 \ _ ,<' %& ?/, ,(SF a r]
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c
4E0 3F & :\= ,!}#% (` −p
,N*& * +* \* 3 <'* %*& ?*/, i>
80 : &
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , :&
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> f/= ( 3F
4, ¤c h8 \ _ ,^W %& ?/,
P E0
42", ; 2,& %& # m> :\= ,AZ } −s
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,Z)0 (
""" ,**/ ir**> +,)**0 **&" ,N)**/ sq** \** 8 2", ;
,\*&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P : &
١٦٩
1* W Z)*0 \* _ ,aq %& ?/, \)
P :fU"
*] xr* *, ¤*c s*8 1"o ) ] " " ,+
4+ a©,& :;7" m>
:+0] # ]L ( v >0

:> , h +8 W
O ¤[ A F
` * ¤**[ **A F V**" ,6 > h :bB

Ar** +**
8 x'**; 3 7*
*/] ,,p*B "*" ,,pB " ,ZpB :VI 0 ,u
0Q"
4H,pB H/U" , ,pB
:V" ,I8 6 > r :(cG

(* ,^;*! \*! :0 ,HcZ o (W 0C 60 ]L / j •
4U&" 7
8 , ;! ( " ,^;!
4 ¤0 f :0 ,
@ ]L / j •
s8 , " >" sS :0 ,!
(= (C; J +0] / j •
,H *" :1*78 ,U*&" *7 ¤*[ _
8 ,\I

'<M h!
4 " "
: M ]L :(cV

@
42 I ;" ,apI 2 ; :0 ,
8
E0A f
,*, *U; }* %*& \*M * 3 *, *& O¤c I "
:_c+ ' oi
y*= *, _ f*U
q*8 ,ap*I 2 ; :\= ,\- ]" ,(` −+
4; %& p& 2
١٧٠
a**8 , :i**& §qpon¦ :%** M +**I \**= ,D2e −h

4
c ] xr ¤[" ,
} ] V (S
(*&F :*/] }*8 , : *I §£¢¡¦ :\*= ,+0] D 8j −
4+GW ,
J
*, \*;" ,*& \*! *W }*8 ,\! aD 9:0 ; :\= ,
−
4; ] xr
4] ]Ar; a c }" /]"
:' 8 ]L 7%=0)

_ +'**W0 **, ?**] – ¤**[ **! – ** **<M a** F +**
F b* D9;J }**
}*
+* f?*! }* ;} %F !> 8 ,
& ?] E0A 8 ,%/
Q* (*! I E0A ,U/
I& /]
,
" ,, ¤[ !
4} %F !> 8 ,-
O IW; a
4 :jc §DCBA¦ :% M +I :AG
41" , h8 \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)W/
P §B¦
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 4K , a;< a3 §C¦
" ,(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 y= , ¤c §D¦
a*3 ;}* !; a" ,1" , ¤c 2¤c" y= ,
%*& * ;
*P %*& * *c *! }* * *
[ *;¤[ * %*& n* M QA
@! ir> S ( ¤[ ! hI" " ,]®P ¨S aK U/ %q70 / :\= ,,
O
n*7; n
q* :\*= ,*, %*& * ;
*P %*& * * \* 8 ?*7" ,U
& ¤[ 3
4I F "P
١٧١
4] ,
& ] # a;<
4?,'> #
J ?70 :VI +/"
f**
" ,iq** **]" 4(**7 q* +** 8 **&" s**8 **, ?70
4+
F iq ! \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P
4 q + 8 &" s8 ,K , a;< a3 #
iq* *]" ,(*7 *P +* 8 &" ,s8 y= , ¤c ?,'>
*," ,+*
F iq* *! \ _ <' %& ?/,
P f
"
41" ¤c ,2¤c" y=
:+7 O
; m, %F"
P 6S()R oRX bS%
PS @S
PS ~ R 4S P SPQ 3R;nPSS 3R;nPS @S#PQS
*b#SSS 3R]CP4S Q^ 36R>PcQ$ S ISR P b@%
PS YQXRj PQ;S /PRjS
b#S0S
@
: M ]2 :GV
:¡
S ]"
,Z)**/ **& b**c **8 ,+**
8| %**& ?**7 F :x ,$h}% Uk −[
O <; 3 +08 ,&8
48| O -"
:%*** M +***I \***= ,iG***
***" ,i***G \*** ***,c m***"
4a</ \W pA
v ZA"
J :;78§nml¦
4 :hU h]" ,:\

7& XS :hP 2r] G0
_ ;" ,V ; :0 ,
M 0<; O¤c :
9 I
D "" " iG _ f S
" ,V*
8 " ,V* *; :*0 ,+* m* ; ,+ A" 2A aUW; 3 ]" ,lI/ i[ ,
4 :hU h] 4m i"r ;7M \U'; 3 F ;V/&
= ? \
,I " ,W \
,I iG ,c \] :f nc
١٧٢
4 _ ; :\= ,M M −p
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , ;
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> _
4('< 2! &" ?W " a
:O A
*P6S0S)P$ R+S *xRS$ b%S
PS R cS
S
R R U
PS U x
P S P PkSR Q]SP+SS
:nC *
;* i*G +*/& ¤*[;J 3 +*08 – */
& O x – '*!
O " ,*M O A F ,
4(pW ¤[ _ D9;"
J ,
W
B L +/& ,c
i**| : **
" ,a'**! **]" ,**, :1U**8 ,1**U **
:" **I :\**
I **8
4 **
1**U **;® :**]" ,iq** ir**> %**& 1"o** V** :N**8 ,**
4L U/& ,c ;" %/ a ;®8
**]" ,W i"r 7 – iG" x – d" ,W \

,I +0 %F &! Z]r8 =
47' " pA
,7 :2;7M \ 8 ]" i"r m " , \
,I @ ,c %F &! Z]"
4; \
I"
` %*F b' < Z]"
\*
,I *
*" ,+* a'*I "*" *" i*G * *A
X**S" , :h**U h**] , :\**
7& ** X**S :**G0 4 ** \**
,I ** 3" **W
4 :yS
1*7" ,*/& *; :*0 ,%*/ " *= *, *& +* ¤*[; +*08 < i| ¤[ A F
*; 1*7 :*0 _** "*
O " )*/
O %/ & + ¤[; L i| _ \- ,/&
4 ; _ " ,
4 :hU h]" , :\
7& XS
١٧٣
<
*8 ,(*pW E)*> *8 ,(*p8 */] *<M a* F * *
7 r] m"
4a' & L ,c
" ,_ :** "*
O *-c ` *, *<; :*] ,D# ' "
` *L" ,*&
O
4+ " jc & + 3"o'
+*0 3F ,* i*| :q* US _ ,, :0 :*8 ,q US _ 0 :G
+*08 ,*&
` *, <; a F ,& , ;O¤c <;
8 ,_ :* "
?0 US x _ :jc & + 1"o' 1=" ,q US _ 0 :\= ,^); 3
:O A
SR]SnSWS P#RQ /PRjS ,xGXQ P8S x SrS Q)P /
S]SS / Q QS 9SS
:/C +0]
]L JW C –
n*-" :ap*I *<8 ,*;L ap*I :\*= ,]L XCSS )
X :8W
@ JW C –
,\*&8 %*F b*; \* W" ,+* 8 \& \ ; +0 " ,s8 & + u,0 ,\&8 a
s*8 *A ,, \ ,+ 8
\ W A <" ,\&8 %F b; F U8
4¤c %F b; , ;¤[ ' &8
O
:]L C C o )9 2
`
4+ 8 7 7; 7 @
O :x ,#? +0] / /+ – [
'** '**; xr** a**3 **<;
** ¨**8 3" ,I#0) + 3#c 6]C /+ – p
4¤[ ' '; U/ \<8 ,\&8 Zp0 " ,&8
O ¤[
4;
v ^!0
v :AG
4N& + \ 3 ,<' %& ?/, i> ,
80
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , ^!0
١٧٤
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ,¤[ ' \&8 ;
:l
:V*I *0 ,[$I#0) + 3#c b 8 0
9+ +0] J ? & rM −+
4
)[ 1& h80
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , h80
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤[ ' \&8 1&
4a Ar h! +0 ;f
2! &" ," +
F iq
)[
D*W9;J 3 \ W" ,\ W \= +0 −+0] J− ? # /+ 9 −h
4u
B¤ yA : %& 3F ,h" %/= h
4";L ^!0 " ,;L ^!0 :AG
4;L N"q
v :+0] J A
# ) AG
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ,?W0 i>
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , N"q
\*&W Z*p0" ,%*/= +*0 ;n + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 Zp0 ;L
4¤[ C'
D
:O A
P RS T
PoS0S8 R 8S TPrS :~ S PQ /PRj R 8SS TPrS +TS0S]PQ
P]SS T
x )S+S :3RW bS%mP !T8
R S
/ R WS 3RcG
X S +TS0S]PQ ATX+SS
P2S
X Q +Q fTRWS :QPcS r
Q MQS PSS ,3Q#P%
X x IS#PR0)
P SS ,KPS
R

4 :\
7& XS :G0
١٧٥
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮ‬
h0* 3" ,a<> ¤[" ,+
& < , ;¤c =A , <; I
– *,c
O *U& ,*,c H* M *8 ,(
=A <>Q > f? %& a<M
*<; 3F ^)*; 3 * *U/" ,1" ¤*[ W- <; ^); U/" – q;
O
4 %/ %& nI V \A" ,O¤c
4a;A sS ?& ; :AB ]L #? / /+ { } AGW
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , ;
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c ?&
4?&¤[ W- " ,O¤c U/ ` AJ ND: 9MJ ; a;A sS
4 :b"¤ §¡~¦ :% M +I :]
@ / /+ 9j { } 9 :AG
4, h8 \ _ ,^W %& ?/,
P :] , W6& :" §~¦
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c § ¦
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 K ¤c §¡¦
:O A
S
S2Q DTS)Q PIQS ,x4
R 8
S P S SGSPnSR P+S R(P%SVPR Q]SP+SS
:'I KK %F ,c s/ r] 'I (/ m"
,*
O
* hI" _ < ,
O C ¤c :AB
%';" ,+p, M
+0 ;;, %/ _ +/< >" , ;L" ,ZMA" &S ;L :VI ?W8
4
O 2¤c f! Vr ,%/=
4%/= +0 ;n + 8 &" ,s8 , ;L
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 , ¤c &S
١٧٦
*&" ,+*= s*8 &S %& i a :ZMA , W6& :" ZMA "
42c. %& (]G q + 8
4ZMA &S ; :\= ,W ," ¤[ ; :FG
:\*= ,*>"
O O *;o; :x ,*> W L/ GW <; :HG
%*/
, *P" ("*
* h! x L :%/ Q<8 ,Y> >
O
:_ n6** Z**;
**> _ ,* W6 +** %Mo**; **; **,c ** s**/ r**]"
4>" W , & ,c E0A F n6 ;" ,ZMA" &S ;L
:a|/ 1I
: : : : *= 9 : ?******:8 : "D :;9*****,D[ : v 6
J ******MAD"D v&******SD D \*****
Z Z
J *****! D D ?*****8 n J ***** DMD
YJ:****>D v****9>J J ****C
e 3D J ****J;D YJp:******8D"D mvp:******8D
D D******!D ?******8:"D
:{g / %& s0 KK A Y ,"

O
;r*] _ *c´ *W[ @ ]L
0 /+ −
>" \A <; u
,b%
k#
41" ¤[ %& 2 " y= ¤[ n& ! +
8 a<" ,;
,¤*c :1* " >" ,, :w
[8 ,fS O > w
[ :G
O 1 " W
-
4n ; /U8 ,%/ " W _ c´ n[ ;¤[ A"
,*>" %*/ _ (* ¢*W *M" ,'6W <# & ]L
0 /+ −
\*! :+*= ,)*7 *
B W W %/ ;n +
8 ; 3 +0 +<>"
4n
0

*A f* ,n*& "* * *! *8 ,

;*/
* i*c >" , ¤[ M ! _
i*> !; a" >" %/ ¤[ <; a F h/ aU/" ,3 >" %/ _ ¤[
4 :\
7& XS :
q7 2r] G0 4n&
١٧٧
*
B +*/< ,*cg n[; jc %/ + U/ \A – n
0 ,
– ¤[8
4U/
x ,Y> > :+=" ,n h/; /U8 ,)7
;*<>
O " , *7
7> +'*W0 _ ,+0]
0
];
@ Y%
k# & ]L
0 /+ −
7;)* :+*= ,1" ¤*[ %*& 2* *" y= ¤[ n& Z; +0 :+<>"
4Z;" a&
: ]2 + i ]L

; r
– m,* * *0 %*& – +*
8 *; \* ,2*>" *W %& ¤[ M )7; 3
4 ! +,S " , ! A F
:*0" , f/ _ &'; (7 ; M3 : i ]L
; :AG *
4\;6 +
"
)I 2d f
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , f
,iq** :**d" ,(]**G q** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 **K **, 2d
4+
F iq ! \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
P :fU"
*" ,(]*G q* +* 8 *&" ,s*8 y*= , ¤c
)I
41" , ¤c h8 \ _ 2¤c" y= ,
3
*]" (]*G q* + 8 &" ,s8 , :\
, W6& :" +
"
iq* *! \* _ aq* %& ?/, \)
P :fU" ,iq
4+
F
+*
: *" ,(]*G q* +* 8 *&" ,s*8 *, ¤c \;6
4f :, K ¤c h8 \ _ \;6
4VDD9IJ V
D (
' : ]2 i ]L
; AG *
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , (
'
١٧٨
4, 1" ¤c i"r m i| +! +,S V
4, K ¤c i"r m ! +,S i| VI

‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮ ﻭﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮﻩ‬
h" ,, %& + a<0 xr a< +0 ;, & ¤[ cQ; \-
:1> KK +" ,!"
O F" ,!
O <; F ;¤[ 7; 78 V
:(n0 60 r :9@+

*
p a]*
8 ,¤*[" *,
* ,* *; QA ,h0 h/; a F V"
*/&" ,*; * _" ,*; 2* ap*I ,*; ap*I :+*;7M *; 1=8 ¤[
4"&
:O A
SS"S 9S PRj R R ]SPSBP 3WR !Q?PSBP S
SXZS;Q /P+S
S 6P0
X rQXSS
:@ ]L 6; :(cV

@
: hP _ !"
O , %& ¤[ 7;
f* :\*= V*" ,: ? v0C; 30 5 B ]L / j −[
?1 n
A" ?W' %" ?; ; :0 ,UW3
*, *A Q* ,* o*; a* *8 , ,* * F +*/& 2
cQ*M" *, %*& ¤[ a;7M ;
L*
*@ \)*; *;/ */;I */] *<M a* F *, a;*7M Z*!"
M*<0 "
8* ¤*["
:& 1I \= ¤[ a;7M ! U/
L
M ;/ /;I /] E0A 8 ,U/

:********&
: D 9 1
D : ********!D
R fJ ********D/9D C]
J ********J/D **********D/:MD/D"D **********D/:pD/9D **********J/D **********0
D J/D
:*G0 4aU
*/ \*= aUp*/ ?/ Q & \p7 ;co , :/p/ /" ,7 ¤c :0/,8
4 :\
7& XS" , :hU h]" , :V 3 ,\
U' XS
١٧٩
47 ¤c h8 \ _ ,^W %& ?/, ,UW a ;
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 co , ;
:O A
(S}RcS Q0SP R8S PS SPnSS SR}P0
X d Q RP0SCPS SRj oSS
*! " i*| :x , ] I%8 S]RP+Q ,D(# (m Dc +0] / j −p
46" ?" ,\! _ :\= ,""
:O A
R (WR fS0S P
S Qw6S;S
P]SL PESS 3RS TiSP R R%P8R QPcSS
T Q
fed¦ :%* M +*I \*= ,]L b 8
(" +0] & / j −s
Z*!" *0F" ,+*F '* _" ,+*
R \)*W _ :*0" , : §g
*, DR*IJ *8 ,¤[ %& ;
P
O , _ ;,
cQM" ¤[ a;7M
O cQ %&
q &
4^); 3 r]" , ,M" GW
47 ¤c h8 \ _ – ! +,S – "" ! ' _
**]" ,(]**G q** +** 8 **&" s**8 co** **, :**F +F
**! \** _ aq** %**& ?**/, \)**
**P :f**U" ,iq**
4+
F iq
:O A
Q]SLPQ %(@R]Q Q%P8S RR XR QS`PQ R(P S8S
S 8S SRj oSS
:**8 ,?*& 3F Z*
[ * :\*= ,+0] b 8 }6
?*& @ ]L / j −
*[ )*I *] */] )*78 ,*7
C ¤*[ ] + <" ,+
& < ,
+*/" ,¤*[ a;*7M Z*; *, %*& )*7
O ¤*[ *<; */&" ,?&
k %&
4 _ 0F :VI
١٨٠
@
:@ ]L (n; :GV
# 1*I *0 ,*0F :** " 3F" :* ,]L b 8 }6
@ +0] / j −[
:**& 1. §fedc¦ :+**I" :
**S §³²±¦ :%** M
%*& E*0 *, )*> x ,)* 1"L*; 3 %*> ¤*[ a;*7M *; 8
4 %& )I" ,r0 %& x ,¤[
4%/ r] sq ¤[ /I "
:\*= ,+0] b 8
00C (" I 8W ,(
W ]L / j −
*, *< ,] h
_ ^WM :/I" ¤[ /I 8 ,h
_ ^WM ]
?*&
k ,*I *; :*/I +*/" ,¤*[
cQ*M Z*!8 ,Z
A
B ]" ,&8
O
4Ar;
**! _
**7 ,(0C0 (;c + (0W
]L +0] / j −
4+
& < + < ,;" , , _ hI; a;7 ;]
</M " UW; M
Z*; a* */;I H!" < ,; c :^);" ,c ; :(0W
AG
;*7M
C *" ,¤*c *U8 ?* *" ,?c ] ,8 , 7W _ ?c ? :\= ,
cQ
4 7W _ ? \= ?c ;/ /;7
?/& :\= ,D} +0] / j −
:O A
R
R (SS 3S R 7SfPM R
/ P 8S @PcQS W@P8Q / Q R0SCPS ( S 4 Q
P%SPWS
S}RS%PQ QQS
PR0)P S}RQ P+S S]SL
S / S S !Q
P#RP S SRj oSS
*[$SM R %PQ 3R PSS ,RP} X SrR9S P+S SR0P R9S oRR @%SCPQ /S S P+S
:]" ¤[
cQM hP ;c.
P %F E
, r] _ V
;
:
z DMD hDD av9& :0" ,apI ;L :VI 0 ,f3 3 +
& Ec , ¤[ <; –
=
c Z
١٨١
‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪﺃ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮ‬
:+0] Uo4 :9+
@
* *A ,Z*6[ %*F W/* _ * 1)*;F *] *< * ~* *A
Z*
A ¨
" nI A F , W +A a< ir; ?
,
4Z!"" ,Lp! :;' ir rU" ,+
& 1;
:r
@ +0] Uo4 −[
`_¦ :%* M +*I :+*= ,+*
& 1*; * ¨
'* _ *A F *, ir;"
J
**! _ **, **A **78 , :f ** §fedcba

* N :'* +*
& %* \*7; a8 ,N ! _ +8r> 8 ,1o'
4H"' N ] :\7; a" ,H"' N
4( 2r] :x :/ §BA¦ :% M +I V "
:O A
SQSP%8R PS S
PS TPrS :A Q 6Q;S SS fTRS Q S
PQ S U
Q oP4SS
UP R8Q PRj Q%P8S 3SR %=P0Q)P TPfSWS P Rc S :!PQ ?TPrS S (PS h R SS 3RWS
:@ +0] Uo4 −p

:hP _ , ir> Z;"
:_ ,JW bj _>6 ~
% −[
4a;< ] :x ;a;<
J ;L H :+/" ,1 *
z
4 > h \U! =
?/
O ? 9D :\= ,UW3 f :0 < - + , <; – N
4 :\
7& XS :G0
١٨٢
z H :+/" , *
4u
,[ ] :x ;u
,[ ;L
4
<' ] :x ;
<' z H :+/" ,4; *
;L
J
,u
,[ ]" ,a;< ] :;7" ,!"
O − = 2r] _− i"r ,8
4
<' ]"
J
¡*" ,*; \*! a 90 :+/" ,*K $ + *
c$ }L ]L / /+ −h
:x ,*; *] :2;*7M *!"
O i"r* *, ¤*c :"*&" *;L8 ,"& \!
4"& r :x ,"& ]" ,; X"

*; ? _ :x , 8 ? _ :+/" ,C6 ?
@ (W ]L / −
4a'I "
§{z¦ :%* M +*I % ,!
# h% ]c
@ }
@ ]L / /+ −
4\
! ¤- x¤)8 :;7" , :n;
:]L Uo4 :(cV

@
4!"
O F" ,!
O F ¤[ ir;"
:r
@ ]L Uo4 −[
?E*
, _ * :\*= ,1o* *& N*! _ *<; QA ,?7 \
+
& 1 F *
+I V " ,E
, _ :2;7M ,!
O i"r ¤[" ,, +0 %& ,?&
:17/8
4i"r ¤c ]" ,ap U|" :x , :&§ONM¦ :% M
,, :m;)8 ,m;- 8 E!c :\= ,
pW F ir; VrA" *
4G/ " ! :2;7M ,!
O i"r ¤["
:O A
SQS%P8R PS S
PS TPrS A
Q 6Q;S SS fTRS Q S
PQ S U
Q oP4SS
١٨٣
:@ ]L Uo4 – p
:hP _ !"
O ¤[ ir;"
\*7 3* :+*= ,[$*9$
J +0] 8 ]
@ ,8 @ / j −
c
i"r** **U **& **A :¤**[" ,3** ** h**I" **, :\**7 8 ,'**0 sq**
4pA " ,! :2;7M" ,!"
O
3* :\*= ,2*A Z*; +*08 ,j*[ *< *& *> ,*&
` 0A
O :/I"
+*0 ;
*,& !" W Z, :/] %/
8 4m;W 8 "] ,&
3 ,
*,& (*U *!" *A *W Z,* :)*7 \* ,
*,&3
m;8 3
4
,& !"
a'*7 *," N*! + 3 a'78 ,{? C h & J6 /+ −h
*, :&"
J ,f +
8 : 8 , 8 DJ9
D :+= ,¤c + 3 +
,+* {Q*8 ,*, +*0F u*
> * ¤*c *& u*,;" ,a'*I +0 ;N! & u,;
4?'I :7
C ¤[8 ,¤[ & + ?/'0"
_ \ * F" ,
*
\*- _ \ '*; xr* :x ,^;) a'7 :/I"
4#
; :\= , /;I %F b> 2
B
(** \ '**; xr** **]" ,^;)** **
B a'**7 * **> ,^;)** :**/I"
a'*I %" 8
B #
;" ,U! #
; :\= a'7
(" ,a'7
4a'7
B _ U[ \
, ;- E'
d ;'I
O E'

0="
O **@ s**/3 *< Vr** E

**" ,**! s**/ i**> :3**
**! **, **!" %**& *7
*, !" %& m A & s/3" ,A /] h/8 ,+A ; 3 :\= ,m
4f?
7
B ; ] xr
١٨٤
:O A
P6S0S)P S ( R R Q oP4S ]@RmS 9SPS S
PS S
T S tcS 3WS ,T0P4S P]SL
S U
,+J
* z *! \**A :**0 ,(
& tc 3i *$ +0]
J6; /+ −***!
J *P" \*
;*7" +*A" Z* 4*07 +
*P" \*! \*A :;*7" ,i"r ¤[8
4 ;7" +>" x/ ,
:O A
JP%S?S SS JxRc?S !zQ !RGPRS P %S(X8S xS S
PS S
S IQ#PS ~
JPS
C F \* ,*!"
\*
+*
& 1 O ¤*[ irD*9;J a* *
_ )0 ` " <M a 8
" ,*07 2*!" \*!" ,pI "&" ; v :+/" ,2JJA9: Z!" 3F" ,+8r> !
3" ,2**! **; 3 ** F ; **
_ )*0
` E'**
"** ;}**78 2*!" \*!
4UA HI" _ + <;
^)*M 3 ?*]" ,]L XC
S 5PX)S A4 Y
,}
@ +0] / /+ −h
,¡
'*
O * **, ?**P :+**/" ,2'*
C * 1** '** *!"
O ¤**[ ir**
8 ,O¤*c **<M
?*P :;*7" ,*!"
O i"r* ¤*[" ,¤*[ '* H* 1> :¡
'
O :/78
4¡
'
O A F ,
:O A
SR"P+Q PS YQQ]SS oRX R8S
S]SS /Q QS 9S A x 4S !S]PSS
R R E R P;S+SS (@CRQ S]P
SP 3R P`SS
PS S 3S%((R]P;S
@ %QS vX
Z!" ¤[ <; 8 ,Ar , & O¤c <M 1 E- F"
*; :1*78 ,O¤*c *<M ^)*M –*pI
O – 1* 2rU8 ,pI
O ; :+/" ,ir
:;*7" ,i"r* ¤*[" ,*, :; F ;ir Z!" ¤[ <; 8 ,apI
4pI
O E,K
١٨٥
:l
:+0] / j 9j ]L 8 A 3%=; 9
4,
)
O \! ?> :+/" ,+ 8q O )
O −
/ h+ : ?*,/ 1*I +*/" ,1"o ) 8qO \
qWM \ 8 −N
,<; :1"o ) a %F n
P \
qWM a :NIQ8 ,) i ]

4¤[ & ,! ]" :1 E/B"
4
0Q O
O \! A '> :+/" ,^;- ) 8q \
qWM \ 8 − b
:170 ,pI
O ;
O ?P :0 N&"
I 8j
h*/ ,f
\,I %& (7 q + 8 &" ,s8 , ?P
U,*/; 3 f
; ,/ A \ 1S ]U|
,+*
F iq* :a<* f*;" ,iq :NP" ,U,I 'A 3F
Z)***/;" \***&W h***8; ,+*** 8 \***& \*** ; )*** :N***P"
4+
F iq +&8" ,iq ]" ,1 W
4 W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W ;
O
?**] **8"r **A _ '** **; %**& **p&
**P ** 1**> pI
O
**8 ,*pI
O *A F \*-> x :V* ;*7M" ,+ m M " ¤["
:**A" ,\**-> :** m** i**| :F" ,**, ¤**c \**->
_
q* * 1*> :pI"
O ,; %& ;
P U&8" , M
, * i"*G H*7 ir*M *A ,\*-> ir> aK ,A
U3** i**G **& 1** ?/**8 ,1**" ,i**G %**7,8
'* H*" ,1* EL" ,F :]" ,iG ir8 ,+
&
١٨٦
,%*/ _ n*-" ?*P ;O¤*c U ! ^); a" ,¤[
*; 3" ,ap*I ?*P :1*7; *8 ,*
7 n*-; 3 Nq"
N)**/ r**] ;**]¤c N)**/" , )**I0 **A \** !
*0 ,"* *07 *;¤[ * h*I h*7;" ,2
Ar*M L
4) i ]
/ h+ :u;>

* O¤*c *dA h*/ 1* \*,I ¤[ ir> A aK
**- ** 2**/ _ ** +** m**; \** ,Z**
A r**@ -)*
O *[
,]**> ** 1**> 2** 1** W " +**&8 %**F iq** )**
\*** 8 *** )*** 1"o*** R***-J " ,O/'*** V***
I :***0
O * \
q**W
1**> )** V** ** Ar** )** %**F 8q*
h+ :*0 !" ,MO/ m;' NS =A :0 ,(W
*@ *,c 1* E*- *8 ) i ]
/
\* ,;*S *;
O ?*P :0 ,¤[ ir> Z; a , &
4¤[ %Mo; " ,¤[ ] <
1 h8
;
4 :hU h] :

q7 2r] G0
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺳﺦ ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬
١٨٧
:‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬
:
U!" %& N A _ ]" ,
] :C%
O +,A :x ,N< E['0" ,c. A \70 \= ,\7/ :I+
42
B 70
O ]" , " 1 :q
:
U!" %& q;
4/] )7 ]" ,+7 c. IF" f? F :i4+
4+7 c. 7; " f? F :q
** V**" ,+**7 2**
B **IF" f?** **F **] **/] '**/ )**7
:y**=" ,**, :1" :
&**8
** ** **0< ap**I **; :**0 ,
**3
:** *
O *- *, *A * *; 8 – =
O – pI
O ; A :/I 8 ,¤[
,A :* O¤c - O¤c A pI
O " ,f3" ,() +/& E,]" ,A
4/ ]
B _ r<]" 4&8
O A )/"
O
h* a*M 3 *d ; )*I/ 1* 8 q*;
O %'*M" ©c" A / "
4N)/ Ar 3F –
W
O :x – A
O U&8
:_c+ V:V )%
4©c" A :]" ,¤[ Z)/;" , h8; s0 −
C :]" ,¤[ h8;" , Z)/; s0 −
4©c" F
4©c" | :]" ,
O U,)/; s0 −

O
:V*I *0 ,*" %*/ %*& 1*; ?*7
7 \* W ; )*I0 3* 8 %'*M" :
* ; * 1I
* %q* * %*& 1*M *0F *A" ,Nq*
9 %*/ %*&" ,L %q %& 1; +08 ,NDDPD
,}*78 * %*& 3*M *U8 ,L {Q; %& " ,+
8 E0 %& 1M <;" ,}78 L
4 )I0 E0A U3 E)70 8
١٨٨
‫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬:‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‬
4¤[ Z)/M" , h8M ? [/ )I/ 1 8 :?]"
:K nQM 1 8 2r]"
3F ,*L %*& *UA 1M" 4\| ,H ,%' ,%P ,^,- ,- ,A −
4c W- %F W- 1 %& 1M d8 ;-
4+U, " ?W/ m,'M" 4VW0 ,²D:8D ,X ,1 −
4
, −
:+7 O S = L 2r] %F"
PS8Q @(z)S / S SS ,Q]Q}R%P;S P]SL
S S ,@)P S0S]
P / S S JQWSP;S
4SRS ASrS ,KS(PS S?SS bCSP+S S]S?P+S bS"P+S 5 S S !XlS / S SS
P
S]S0PQ ,3x#P%SR P+S ,3x#PcS R]PRR P
SS PSBP oRiSS O X #ScPS S0RWS
SiSP R ](@}RQ ~ R 8nSS
S P Q S ' P S S !QGPRS
@ ]QCPS S S /
*S$
4c & U
8 n[M
8-" ;0 lp)c 2r] ( \<"
:!l ,5 ,bC+ ,b"+ ,{]?+ ,? ,/ :3i :bB Df
:I
W+ F
−[
:?]" , & KK %& 1 8 2r] y ;LM <M 3
y* *> r*]" : r & ]L ( 8 A o b%
)9 U}; −+
O *P **c * A :1**78 ,**]
B " **A
+**0< i**- **c **
WM 4*
:( \A "S Z'> a
'7 r]
4
:U/" ,S " \ M :bBW
4+U,S " ,?W0 U7,'; \ M :(cG
4 ;) U7,'; \ M :GG
١٨٩
O *P
,1,7**3 " ,1** " ,?**P **]"
** ** _ n**- r**] " ,*
O
* _ *P O
*<; Q* Q* +*0Q a*3 i)*M V* *8 4P A :17M"
4\,7' ]"

4H** ,%'** ,%**P ,^,**- ,**- :1** 8 %**/ **]" :D(} −h
%*P" ,U*
O Z )* ^,- :17M ,1> %F 1> 1
e :?/ M ("
)"
− q*;
O %*/ r*]" 4'*]
O O
*< ^,*-" ,*P x/ %'" ,S
` ?,)
*<8 ¤A" ,
]
O <8 sL \ :17M ,A y > −("
) ]"
ponm¦ :%** M +**I +**/" ,*
` *S **-" ,
*
O *] **- :x ;*
` *S
4− : I §wvutsrq
O − **A 2**
WM" : 0)9 −
§^]\[Z¦ :**0 −**0
>
−\*!" L*& − # %*/
8 , :f'/ §ponml¦ , :f'/
O
a*p *@ +8)*M %*/ *<" ,2*
B " ?*P _ HW)* 2r*@ W) A
*0"I
O *
(q* E*| :1*7M ,\*| −q*;
O – 2*
WM %/ r]" 4'"
O D D ;6
4<W " ',I
**
&8 ** **/]" ,%**" (**L 1** 8 **K= ** y** ?**] 2r**] *
– ^,*- \* W8 ;*U/ E7*S ? ]"r! U
8 UGM F ;Y & Uq n[;
\*! ^,*- :1*7M ,X,)* E*I" 2¤*c %*/ n)*M +* %& 1; −=
O
%'*" ,P0
O O
sL %P :17M ,%q EI" V %& 1; :%P" ,
0
4,O D9J \ %' :17M ,f' EI" %& V 1;
4 :V 3 ,\
U' XS :_ %/ r] G0
١٩٠
:*?$ 6 A
W+
J D 9 D 9 J *U/<" , M \- _ ?] c 1 8 −q;
*- %*/ \ '*M O – /]
D 9 J :x ;]"r! %/ 3
,*B ,*& ,h*! :?*] ,1* 8 (*& ?]" , )I0 \ 'M
41 ,M ,1M ,> , I ,~.
: GB
R
4"
)M 3 :x ;.# Q R P S 9S - : ?,/ 1I :J
@ X Q
P S
;
:& 1I +/" ,
,A O
) & :17M : 8
: ******S
******. : 9 : ******&D ****** : C: D
z 9 J +******8
D e D
4- :x
` B :VI 0 :m
4>
: : D : \W X" ,+ 7
4- :x ;+Q
D O O C D J
X :1
:& 1I 0 :a
*p$
S S + R S
P S /} Q S S
@ IcP S a
S S
; S R bX04S
P S S j Q Q0(P X S
4d
O - :x
(**8" ** **8< (** H** I ,+'**A ** **8<
O \**! ** I :**0 :

4U!"
:& 1I 0 :4
R
*s$JE) P R
YQQ R S z S 9jX R 7
S S hI
Q S i
S Q j S PS
@ S S
Q Q S P " Q P
S
SS
4
'0
O 7 1M :A;
4 :hU h]

4+'W0 m' )
4+'W0 m' )
١٩١
:x ; :n**;§IHGFE¦ :%** M # 1**I **0 :;

edcba`_~¦ :%** M +**I +**/" ,
)*
O * )**8
4 :(7, §lkjihgf
4.@ m ~0)W- : ?,/ 1I +/" :A0)
:& 1I +="
R S R R R S 0S R Q R S P ;S D XR
*[$5%C
S S 5 S S u
S #I Q D
@ X S S !(0C S S S
S P /j
:; 9
W+
@ I
0) −p
h*!; r]" , M −q; O
O – \ 'M , )I0 3 8 ©c" A \ 'M A"
, *M E*0A ]r! %/ U
F & 8 ,Z
A _ U <M ?
Mr 3 %F
4./ ^ 72 - :K _ A +&I" " f?S 1)> %& A \ W 1; QA
º¹¦ :%* M +*I *0 !" " E,K %/ E0A F M {QM :/W *
f?*S 3" # *A :V*I *0" ,q*> " ,*!" F" :x , :(7, §¼»
42
:& 1I +/"
7 z R X /XRWS 3RcQRW PnSWS 7 z S S SRj
Q 0S I
Q Q P S S(P Q 0S /
:§¼»º¹¦ :N&F

:F ,N*& * +* \* 3 ^*W %*& ?*/, n*& i*> : §¹¦
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i>
6S
4 M ?]" ,^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 §º¦
4 :\
U' XS , :hU h]
١٩٢
**]" , '** f** ** +**0 ;"** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 \**&8 §»¦
4iq
4(]G ('< 2! &" ," +
F iq §¼¦
_ 1c** H**8 F **M **<M H**< 2r**]" 4bC+ ,b"+ ,{]?+ *
§RQPONM¦ :%* M 1*I 4f'" %q" X,)
4 :"
:& 1I +/"
Q RS bS"P+S 7
*[$iS( X SRj
X Q S(P
Q ]SIP S6RP QCS4S 3R %cX+S 3R;:S
SWS PRS
4]
! :+&8" M
` 8
O f! u
> %P :+I ]"
_ *A ,+
F 1 " f? %F 1- %& \ W 1 F M <M" :? *
4 : §nmlk¦ :% M +I
:§nmlk¦ :h8j
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> :bj §lk¦
4(]G ('< 2! &" " a a;< a3 :#
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 sq \ 8 § m¦
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 §n ¦
:V
; m, %F"
*p$3#R0S
P JxWPSR x S;S QS
S 3#R>Q?
P KS(PS x]SS vR]P)S JQ%PSS
S
4 :\
U' XS , :hU h]
4U&8 EWA F V" , M \ 'M 1 8 2r] %F 4444M "" :+7 V
;
١٩٣
:(W} I}} −s
,Uq** _ V** \k*7:;D 4*O *" , &q**" ,

**P \ '**M (**L 2r**] 1** 8"
4+A V _ [
O ]=A A \ W8 ;cg Uq _ =<;"
4 : 0 §ÑÐÏÎ¦ :% M +I 0 ,&q
O {Q
8
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 0 lI0 sq \ 8 §Ï¦
_ aq* %*& ?*/,
*P f*U" ,^*W %*& ?/, ! i> §Ð¦
47 ¤c i"r m +,S" ,! \
4 q + 8 &" ,s8 co <; a § Ñ¦
4 :f §FEDCB¦ :% M +I 0 ,

O {Q;"
2;*7M *!"
O '*
*P \*&W" 4<'* %*& ?*/, \ 8 § B¦
4E0
\)*
P : & """ ,/ ir> %& ?/, lI0 \ 8 § C¦
4A a h8 \ _ ,<' %& ?/,
1*7 *0A *!" 4 *W +,)*0 *&" ,N)*/ A ¤c §D¦
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ 17
:& 1I −V _− (/ (" " ,\&W a " ,) U/ {Q;"
: 9/ VD****D +:****W:9MJ a****: D:F
D**** D ****cDD **/Op:AD DS
D D**,D9 x:**,9;J 9**D \e**AJ **D"D
J 9
4A \& \&W a \& u
> 4c O/pA :+I _ ]8
١٩٤
:*/$ t}
:U/ ,Q ©c " A l[M"
:I8` /% Uo4 :9+
@
:" A sq / irM"
3" 9 _` <# /; /+ −[
4A a ;M" , a :17M ; 8 ,#@ 9 :?
@ Wo /; /+ −p
d¦ :\*= ,IWo4 rM 9 ,/% 5C ) I( /W ,) I( 9+ −s
) E'
" ,U
& n D ;J a" , "L" ,sq ?U8 : /
, §gfe
9 I
4/ ir> h/8 ,A' ) d 3F ,Z)0
q
,+*<; 3 :+*/<; 3 _ 1*7M ^)*; 8 ,!}0 d}c (" */$ !}0 9+ −
% 9j ,( 8 ' C; W % /j- :
- _ · ?,/ 1I V 1="
U*" ,N)*/ *A ¤*c f*U ;/ ir> /] ; 8 . 0 & O ( :W
4Z)0
P %7M 3 :U/ / ir> _ " ,
- %& ;
:+7 O
; m, %F"
PfR0QP S U
T oP4S SiPS / Q oSP;Q
T cQ U S S$ R _x
PfRMS%PQ */ R `SQ PRS
:*/$ D r r :(cV

@
:'I KK %&
_ A M
:& 1I 0 ,

=A
O A' \,I ir N E I"
"'****** %******W M ******I a****** +****!] **** m**** V****; a****
:\
U'* XS _ V 2A 4 m <; a :17; < 3 F ;E
, r] _ ("P 3"
4
4 :hU h]" , :\
7& XS" , :\
U' XS :" 2r] G0
١٩٥
4N)/" s8 %F b8 , )I0 −
4N)/ " s8 %F b8 , M −
4N)/ %F 3" ,s8 %F bM 8 ,(p −
:/+ I; r 2
O
E*0 :\*= ,"r*S 3F sq* W LM 8 ,?P W <M :AB
4\
,0 ! <M
* ¡
" ,""
O `
,

¡
S
<M :FG
!
:\= ,cg " ]> !; 3 r ]
4I A 7 :VI 0 ,]L +0] −
4 q + 8 &" ,s8 , 7
4(p ,^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 A
4 q + 8 &" ,s8 , ¤c I
4a& A a<; a :\= , 8W !
# −N
** +** \** 3 <'** %**& ?**/, i**> ,L**!" ?**W0 ( :a** a<; a
4<' +L! &" a * "L sq \ 8 :a<; 4N&
4(p A
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 a&
4+8& A xr \,I :0 ,0 ? A? −*!
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 \,I
4\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, 1- a xr
4(p A

**P f**U" ,\**&W f** +)**M3 <'** %**& ?**/, ~** \** 8 +8&
1- - +8& !" ,+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ ?/, \)
١٩٦
4N& + \ 3
!VA Z
6 A :\= ,dM
0 !
W (]M
0 −
\ _ <' %& ?/, a ,a
G& f?S :%/ ,
, M (<0 : A
4(p :A ,, h8
'*
*P \*&W" Z* \* 8 ^*W %*& ?/, ,~ \ 8 Z
6
*W +,)*0 *&" ,N)*/ +* 1* W A :VA ,] 2;7M VA
\ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P i<" ,iq ]" ,(]G
4+
F iq !
3F *U/
*A L*M s*/ +*0 3F ,"*" * :
* " *
4N ' O
J A %& :\= ,"rS
:& 1I _
: D**** :9 :DC'D****
N J D ****AD %****D&D % :
D 'D*****MD z*****<9D ?*****:D ?*****/D (JD*****D
@
:I) J / Uo4 :GV
f** :F ** **U= ,

6** **" F ** U** h** **A ir**> **=<;"
O <8 4n
'8 W

F :;*7" , *8"r *A ¤*c W
O F ,+ \I 17
:& 1I +/" ,U" A E8r8 ,W
O + 17 :x ,W
O ] A
D **I: D:F 1z9****ID 9: DJrD**:&

9 *D8D Or:* AD 9:F"D IO9* -: 9:F \*D *
I: * D \*D *
I: 9* ID
:+*
8 ]*" , : *
W %*& y*S XS" , :\
7& XS _ E
, r] "
:
* ; * :q*; O
O *G0" 4N* '* %*& :\*- " ,"r*S ""
A (;
4 :hU" ,
,hU h]" , :
W %& yS XS" , :\
7& XS _ E
, r] "
4 :?6
'
١٩٧
4rA O
O 17 A F" ,I- 17 A F :x
*" :x .4 ;
@ K0- : ?,/ 1I : ir 1="
4;> Mc
O −+ :x– ] A
:O A
R S WQoRPSS
*[$PIS0S2 @ GS PSS /PRj S
PS S
P S ( P]SL
S /S 6Q]PQS ISc
:i4 / Uo4 :

@
E*0 * :aU*I *0 ,¤*[" a3 _ U& %7,;" ,]>" A irM I"
O
,N** f)*8 * h* *A %*& *
/, * 2r*]" ,V* E*70 ,*7/
O
,V* E70 7/ V0< :2/ " ,V E70 7/O E/A :+
8 \- "
: :
O Lp! r]" ,1"o ) \,I ( E8Dr> aK
4
I
2r*] %*& *< )*8 ,(*pL ** U/& ~&" ,U " A E8r>"
O
?q*7M *A a
* _ */ E*B a*K ,V* E*70 7/ E/A :()
)*8 ,+*70 <; %> \)W/
P \)
q 1," ,
M) &7
O
4V E70 7/ E0 :<
:& 1I +/"
hJ,Jq****
C aJUJ9AJQ9****MD a9****D ?D:9****ID C:****8D z*****WD0D D ED*****09D *****CD D*****SDDcJ *****DD
,*" F * *=<; V* " ,U* h* A ir> hP %F −E
, r] _− V
;
` ir " I"
:& 1I 0 , S
O
*******UpMF %*******8 3*******S ******* *******
* X*S :*G0" 4 *I/ %& ;
P U" ,A ¤c :38 O ,3SO E0A F :;7"
4 :hU" , :yS " , :\
7&
4 :hU h] :_ +
F h!
١٩٨
, *8"r *A a* :E*0" ,*A *& ~*& (*p " , ;) :*8
4]¤c :W0
:O A
P R0SPWS S
*p$h S cP+S X+S !RGPRS
~ d R Q R
P;S /P+S S
PS S
P ;QP IS%P8S S
:O#c ,0W ,1 ,Ar :3i ,8M Yoi A

W+ :(cG Df
:
?>/ 1 8 2r] M"
:I(c
:9+
@
:*]" ,*]/ _ m*WM ]*M *W _ (*L 2r*] i*c aB %&
O
:1*70 ,a< %F " , %F '; 8)M ]¤c %/ n); U
O *7 ²*8 * , E 6 %>
* ,N*A 1L*0 %*> *WI" O 1
O
4¨ E %> I VW0
:I 8 2 :(cV
@
:+U,S " ?W/ E7, F 3F )I0 1 8 2r] \ 'M 3"
47 F" ,]| F ]" :3#% :9+
@
4X,) ¨S %> 6 / E :0 , :* <; I ]G8 *
4 :yS , , :\

7& XS :G0
4 U/& ~ ;" ;) A ir> %F (SF E
, _
*]/ 1* 8 2r*] V*" ,?*W/ i*> *U" _ *A F" ,N; %& i" 2r] %/ "
,H*,K %*F & ?W/ i> \c 8 ,H,K ic ]/ UA ,²8" VW0" X" 1L8 ,?W/

8 +
I" ,apI ] :x ;H,K 2/ A U8 ,pI
O ; 1 :EI 8 ,1"L ic"
4 :\)W XS :G0 4H,K 2/ A U8 ,L %q
١٩٩
+ ># M8 (L 30+ Af; 9- : +*I :*0 ,3 :* " −
4.C
§utsrqponm¦ :%* M # 1*7A , :* " −
4 :+6
4N' h70 %> M f' 1LM a :a :* " −
4X,) %> p0
O 1L; " ( ?c \c :0 , :* " −
O (*, ?W/ A irM ] ,7" *

* 3 ,%*/ %*7,M" *GW
; :n*; §ÁÀ¿¾½¦ :% M # 1I 0 ,a'7
4?W/ u;> ] r]" ,QWM 3 :x
:?d " ,f& i" m,'M ]" :3#% ]2 :(cV
@
:1= ,78W *
: **p:&D: ` U9/** 1DD 3D" %*D:,9 %*D&D ?C*D DD *;D ?:D*
9 7D9 V
J** 9D D J D 9 *;D 3DD
a*3 U 8 _ A 1 3 ! u
> ;1 3 :+I _ ]"
4?W/ +,S f&" ,U
&
p& 3 7 ¤[ U,)0"
:Ar 4N*& * +* \* 3 <'* %*& ?*/, ,f*& i> :9 1 3
4^W %& ?/, lI0 ~ \ 8
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ 7 1 3 ¤c U/
`
*&" "* a* :f*&!" ,U/*
` +*7 m* "" ! Vp&
,\)*
P ,6[
P" ,iq ]" ,(]G ('<
4+
F iq ! \ _ '< %& ?/,
4 :\
7& XS , :yS XS _ E
, r] "
٢٠٠
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 co 1 3 a 7
:& 1I _ A ,3I% *
: : ** **A
:
J *********,:J 1vD *********PD +J0J
D'9*********/8D

H 9 D D D 19LD**MD 3D"D 9R**SD X
: **-D
4?W/ +
,S ?U/" ,?U/ i I,' d< A \& 1LM E& 78
:Af; ,N*& * +* \* 3 <'* %*& ?*/, i> ,
]0 :9 1LM 3

*P +*" ,<'* +*L! *&" ,"L* lI*0 sq \ 8
4E0 2;7M '
4iq ]" ,(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ 1LM ¤c A
4(]G ('< 2! &" ," +
F iq H
:+ G+
4;6
O & ²8 3" ,
=A J X 3" ,8"
O V O
c
J 1 3 :f& _ 17M −
4V0I %& 7
O 1LM 3" ,\ %& ,<
` X¤M 3 :?U/ _ 17M" −
@
:(W} I}} :GV
*U/ {Q*; *8 ,%*" (L i)M \I )I0 O
O 8)M 1 8 2r] i)M
:17M ,sq" ,?P U/ {Q; \ ,U ?W/ "L Z,' \ 8
O
4 pI J
&L 1LM a" 4;!
O J 1
\
/
J
4;G/ 1 X¤; a" 4 6
O U/
J X
4(

O J
8' QWM a" 4x; 7
J ²8 "
O
4 6
J VW/M a" 4 6
O 7
J VW0 "
4 :\
7& XS _ E
, r] "
٢٠١
:; I
0)
Q*A ,]"r*! y* *& H¤&" U&8 EWA F M 1 8 2r] <M"
+&q* *<; * 2r] _" , E :\= ,1"L %/ 1 \ W
W;
*; 3 :1*7M ,(*" * %*/ & X \ W ¤ ; " ,1L; 3 1"L;
:n*; §nmlkjih¦ :%* M +*I _ *A" ,*< r] X
,1**03 " 1)**W03 **& V**W0 \** W ¤** ; " ,~ ¨**8 ** :x ,
k * :1*70" ,+ *P & \)W0 :x ,aG VW0 :17M
a* :x ,*8 (*7& E*<W0
4\/M
4)I0
O 3F \ '; 8 ²8 \ W *
:170 4aG VW0 :0 N&"
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 VW0
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 aG
:K( , :3i ,Df Yoi A

W+ :GG Df
:(
# F
:9+
@
V* W/M :\*= ,("* (* *]¤c %*/ n)*; U %& 1M" : −+
4I
O E
0K aM ';" ,S
` " %8 E P;
z *
,A *M 2*/ " )*I0
(*/ n*c V* \*! *" ,¨*8 O 2*/

"
J `
# 1*I *0 ,aUq* /& lI0 U8 ,
0.7 j)/ Y +
!M _ "
**<; "**c. **!" , :**& 1.§¢¡~}|{z¦ :%** M
:a;* §lkjihg¦ :%* M +*I _ Wc VrA" ,M
`
½¼¦ : *;g _ *A ,f7, %/ q;
> `M +0A
; %& ,
4~ " H"' E
7 :x :] §ÁÀ¿¾
٢٠٢
O
*A ,*P L* _ *]¤c %*/ W)* U <; ?W/M" :K( −h
4 : I §EDCBA¦ :% M +I _
: !] *$ f :(cV
@
H,K ]/ " ,
0L ;) +7, F 3F )OI0 \ W <; 3"
*]¤c H*,K (* :x ;]* xr* %/ H,K ( U,I xr %/ "
* * 3 +*0 ?*/ ; r*]" , *
8| ;)* / ZA aG _ %'M" 4U3
* n
)* _ %7,/ :]" , O V
F" ,?&F hI x ) +;"QM
O 3=
4>
`
4
0 ;)
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 a ,U
\* _ 1"o* )*" , *W +,)0 &" ,N)/ ¤c >
`
4%7,0 \ W m ; L i| & Zp0 Z)0
@
:(W} t}L :GV
*! * 8 *d _ H* ?* )I/ 1 8 & W r] n[;"
\* %q* * %*& 1*M *<M 3
* * aB* %&" ,?P (- %&
©*- *U ;
P 1 8 ( _ (/ U ! ,\,7' " ,P %&
,E'*
J \*&W fM" E'
u
0Q fM @ mM F ;
8) U)p)c" ,
<
: ,E'
4^W %& %/,M" ,E' D
4 :\
7& XS" , :yS , :hU h] :G0
4i) − :
c 4 ,'
/
٢٠٣
‫ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺧﺒﺮ )ﻛﺎﻥ( ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬

:1> KK ©c" A ¤[
:I) */$ ( ]L '); :AB

{Q*
8 ,U*
*" *U/
¤[ };
!
O ©c" A N _ ;"
4;
v pI
O A :\= ,a3 aK ¤[ aK −©c >F " A− lI/ \ W
4^W %& ?/, 0 lI0 ~ \ 8 A
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ 7 A ¤c pI
O
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 co A a v;
4 :" §~}|{¦ :% M +I +/"
CB¦ :%* M +*7 b* *]" ,
¤c a;7M +; h/ I" •
47
¤c :¤ :*8 , :(7, §ED
:& 17 b ]" ¤c a;7M } h/ I" •
: **** :
9** D9: Z**
:
: "D H
:D****U 9 D : ****ADR: +J****MJrCD O)C**D9/J E9**DD **D D 6 3D
:+7 O
; m, %F"
S 4S S S Q6S]P)S !yQS ,fPR+S
*p$Pk R R 3WR
S 'S)wS;S IS
(
P]SL S S
X**S" , :\**

7& ** X**S" , :?6
'** ,h**U h**] N**A _ E**
, r**] "
4 :\)W XS" ,U'W0 ) : Q' 2r] G0" , :yS
Z*; *" ,U*M !
cQ 3" a;7 U
8 Z; a F 1 8 2r] ,c %F V
;
,¤*[ %*& * ;
*P
O a*3 _ ;U,>*- * _ *A :*/I a*3 %*& ¤*[ a;7M +
8
4N& H& ;7 V" ,?7
8 ?c A :0 ,
cQ N!""
٢٠٤
:(n0 h :FG
È¦ :%* M # 1*I *0 ,\*- *]" ,+" \ W & ¤[
cQM Z;
:
Q' _ V" , :IW §ÊÉ
*A :V*I *0 −*7 – ]*|
B a3" ¤[ N&F <; :i4j
U¡
Z!8 ,¤[" a3 \A %& UGM 3 N& H 8 ,?7
8 ?c
:\- %&
4^W %& ?/, lI0 ~ \ 8 A
**]U| ** h**/ (*7 **P +** 8 **&" ,s**8 **A a** :± ?c
\)*
*P :f*
" ,iq* *]" , ,*/ A \ 1S
4+
F iq ! \ _ <' %& ?/,
h*/ 2c. %& (7 W +,)0 &" ,N)/ A ¤c :m
8 ?7
8
:f*
" ,iq* *]" 4 ,*/ *A \* 1*S *]U| *
4+
F iq ! \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P
ZYX¦ :%** M # 1*I *0 ,)*
O ¤*[ *<; :B
4 :1W0 §_^]\[
4^W %& ?/, 0 lI0 ~ \ 8 :A" ,
80 : § Y X ¦
**]" ,(]*G q* h*8 **&" s*8 *A a* :(*- § Z ¦
*! \* _ <' %& ?/, \)
P :a]" ,iq
4+
F iq
"* +
F iq :E
," ,^W %& ?/, i| :/& § \ [ ¦
4(]G ('< 2! &"
٢٠٥
4)> ( §]¦
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ A ¤c §^¦
:) !
# b 8 ]L 6; :HG
\* W *A F 3F ,*©c" *A _ +*" \* W %& ¤[ 7M ;
]* \ ; ^); 3 ;) ;¤[ U
& 7; ; 8
"
4; pI
O :17; 3" ,;
pI
O :17; 8 , \ W _ U,I
8
§JIHG¦ :%* M +*I :]L 6; r b 8 !( *
4 :Q,
4N& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, i> ,
UW :(LU §G¦
4, h8 \ _ ('< %& ?/, ,(SF a :f3o]
,+* 1* W Z)*0 \* _ <'* %*& ?*/, \)*W/
P ;F §H ¦
4h i> a
" ,Nc i> i<"
""" , **& "** +)**M3 ,aq** %**& ?**/, ,~** \** 8 :**A §I¦
4A a h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P &
* +*0 ;*/ H*,K +* 8 *&" ,s*8 sq* \* 8 :", ; §J¦
\* _ <'* %*& ?*/,
P & """ , '[ 1 8
*7 1* W" \*&W" \* W * *
W *" ,\*&8 h8
4A ¤c Z)0 \ _ :aA;F
0**A f3o**] :?**& Z**
M8 ,aA**;F _ E**& "**, ; :]**"
%*& V* 1 ,+)*W0 * aA*;F *] xr* ¤*[ 1* 7M 8 ,a<0", ;
,( (&I 2r]" ,+& \; u
> 3F \; 3 1 8 ,+'W0 ¤[ 7M !
4+
8 +! hq; + ; xr < _ 3F +! hq; 1 m; 8
٢٠٦
,1*- %& ) a;7M +/ L; +0 ] : ] & 8%0 b 8 !( *
* V,*- 3 :+= ,; 3 ]" ,+-" _ 1-
\)W "L"
1**- ** **/8& **I" ,**]¤c :V7;*-" , ** a** :**;L8 ,V7;**- *;
*/] L* ,*; * V7;- V,- 3 :EI 8 , ) 1 V7;)8 ,_>
4; 3 ]" ,1- %& ) 1 a;7M
3 Vr*A ,*A xr* * f*! :1*70 ^)*; 3 , A xr f! ::GW
@
_* 1*-
* \)*W +*/ L*; +*0 ;; V7;- V,- 3 :17;
4 +-"
:l
, ,*
* ¤*[ }M ,¨WM3 s/ %& ¤[ a;7M *
+*70 _ V* * "*70 r*U" ,+* / %*& *=A *A F" ,2! (/ 8
*A * %*& +*;7M _ ¨*WM3 ;*G> D +J7D,9*D \*A"
J :+*I _ ¨WM3
4/I
*" V* * aU/* , *&! Z]r* *U8
* h* ¤[ a;7M s/ "
EU,**SQ8 **! \** 8
** " ,h'**; a** +**0 ;E'** *,]
O :1**70 **8 ,**]
4¨WM 7; 3 ]¤c" ,%'&
:%* M +7 V %& " ,?/! " ?W
¤c a;7M ! I"
O * ** m** **; V**" , :**] §edcba`¦
,8")*
O
*7M *! 1* *7M *8 ,8")* O
** 1* *;" ,
* ¤c 8") "
4\
4 :hU h] :

q7 2r] G0
4 :
W %& yS " , :\
7& XS :G0
. :
;),"
8<
i[ \p' _ i)0 NA : Q' 2r] G0
٢٠٧
:O A
S 4S S S Q6S]P)S !yQS fPR+S
*[$Pk S 'S)wS;S IS
(
P]SL R R 3WR
S S
*p$P(SR;S 9S D@X Q0PS ISR R WS
PM R %
P(SW X S R]SS vQ]P)S u
S oSS
*s$3#R0S
P JxWPSR x S;S QS
S 3#R>Q? P KS(PS x]SS vR]P)S JQ%PSS
S
:C+ V:V !
H(4 I;+ / *
4
,- ,H ,\| ,%P ,^,- ,%' ,A :?]" ,S \ ; –
4X ,²8 ,VW0 ,1 :?]" ,+U,S " ?W0 7M \ ; –N
4 :]" ,+
&
8G ;) 7M \ ; −*!
:_c+ V:V 8 U}0 (4c 3i *
,%'* ,*A :1* 8 ,* ]" , " sq +/ {Q
8 ,M O
` 8)M i); −
4- ,H ,\| ,%P ,^,-
,1 ,*3 1* 8 :*]" ,}*78 sq +/ {Q
8 ,)I0 O
O 8)M i); –N
4X ,VW0 ,²8
O
4 ,
: 8 ]" ,?P () ! U8 ,7 i); 3 −*!
:*/$ ] A4+ *
:1> KK %& A ¤c"
4a3" \ W
} ! –
, %*& ¤*[ m,* h*/ " G> f \A %F G> +7, \A" :+7 V S
%*& +*;7M * / ad F" ,+ a'8 UA %& +7M h/ %& aUIWM 8
4G0 +
W8 ]>"
V* h*/" ,*; 1 *pI
O * :\*= ,* *
W/
` A F 2>" \ W %& ¤[ a;7M ! %F
;
4aUq
4U
&
¤c 7M & ^
!M %F (SF
٢٠٨
4a3" \ W & 2
cQM N!" –N
4U
& +;7M − *!
* $ ,*$ ( >); rM ,I( 8 *K( $ ] 6; J%0 *

٢٠٩
‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻟﻴﺲ‬
a*3 h*8 _
* * ?*W/ i"*> i"> "! ad a&
4H
8/ 9F ,H3 ,3 , :?]" ,¤[ Z)0"
:*$ :9+
@
J *UDJ: 9;"
\*] O
J 4*7 *
W0
O ?* L* _ ¤*[ *& %/ ?W0 i> ?]"
4a
M / UDJ:U9;"
J
:I 8 2
:"S U& JDD9;"
J
4 :n; §\[Z¦ :% M # 1I \= ,i] b 8 I) 60 /+ −[
** +** \** 3 <'** %**& ?**/, i**> ,
** \**& \** M **
80 §Z¦
4N&
4 a h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, (SF a §[¦
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ ¤c §\¦
:**8 ,* *P>
v * :1*7M *<" ,*
v *P>
O * :1*7M ^)*; 3"
4¤[ ' \&8 : ,, :P>
4> , _ :+= ,U&F ! ! +,S ]¤c A 8
:2!"
* UU,S"
4?W/
W; dA :AB
4¤[" , %& Uc :FG
4 :hU h] :G0 41 \ )[; d :HG
. :hU h] :G0 4 +0F :? 1I" ,Wc " fW 2DC!D"D
٢١٠
** +** \** 3 <'** %**& ?**/, i**> ,
** \**& \** M **
80
4N&
47 ¤c i"r m ,"" ! , _
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 a >
* :17; 8 \ M 3 /U8 ,apI ; F :1= :*/j$ I) v]SCPQ 9+ −p
4pI
O ; F
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ,\U ?W0 i>
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ,p i> F
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , ;
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c apI
+,*S ¤*[ 1* *A F 3F ,]L A
I) ( I%( !}# 9+ −s
3" ,*A O :¤[8 ,A
O :*U " ,pI O ; :17M V8 , !
O pI
O ; A
:\= , ! +,S ¤[ 1 A F 3F pI O :17M ^);
4?
/
` E0 :x ,
/
` E0 ?
O * 3F ** * :1**7; **8 :*p$9j c06
Z)**/− 3* @ i] / 9+ −
O
ZYXW¦ :%* M +*I +*/" ,1* 3F * * :17; \ −3
4 :a
]F §[
4 :hU h] , :\

7& XS :G0 4F !" h Z)/ \
I"
`
:& 17 3' ,U&F ; +0 %F
+ ,M" – +;,

S – 0; !"
: ***! Z>
DrC*** DJ 3C:F H : +:******:]9QD: *****0
O J/D9/D 3C:F J]9*****
D D J ***-D ***D"D C *****D"D
4
S :\
7& " , :hU h] :G/;
٢١١
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> , U
80
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ,
\* 3 <' %& ?/, ,+ \& 3 % f/= i> ,)> ( 3F
4N& +
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , ¤c 1
:O A
*[$PRrQ d
x (R;P;SS ,3R#P%
X 6SS JSS */PRj$ / P SR8P+Q *KS(PS$ ASS8PRj
S Q *S$ ~
:*p$*7]$ i] /0
)/
O O "
GW O O
¤[ <
8 ,(pL f, I,' ¤c h7; ;"
# 1*I *0" , :E)*8 §ìëêé¦ :%* M # 1*I *0 ,
`
4ap :VI 0" , : 0 §JIHGF¦ :% M
.
\& \ ; N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ?W0 i>
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 a
:a*p ,*p N*& * + \ 3 '< %& ?/, ! i> :f, ap
4 O " ¤c
` N)/ ,GW
:** * *7M 3 :1" * ?*W8 ,

\& 1&F "S %F E
, r] _ V
;
.U %& ]¤c 7M & %F 444Z
MM :+I" ,3F * U
W0 Y7/; 3 ?W/ 7 h :+I" ,F
f* * ¤*c _ <
:y=" ,?W/
AM :1" :
U! Ec f, i)0 Z>- A
4 :i)0 :G0 4(Ao F ¤c _
٢١٢
:*$ ] b 8 >

*, ¤*c +0 %& i h8 Z
8 ,N; ¤c %& n ; I"
O ?*,/ * :V*I *0 ,*<" \* ** n V <;" ,i"r
\* *,MA
4x0 < &S
O +;,
" ,&S
v
** +** \** 3 <'** %**& ?**/,
** \**& \** ; ?**W0 i**>
4N&
k ]U| h/ (7 P + 8 &" ,s8 a ?,/
4\7=
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ ¤c ,MA
O
** +** \** 3 N**P **
W; ,<'** %**& ?**/, ,n**& i**> \
4N&
4 q + 8 &" s8 ,] :2;7M ,i"r , ¤c &S
,\* * *8 ,x*0 *] < ,&S ] \ :−
7'
= _− ;7"
4
8 ;r]
8 \ M 3 Vr" ,?W/ U,I /
,Z! <
V** **;" ,+** 8M i** _ V** **
8 ,?W/** E**W& F ** *
O
4 ,] 3" I v
/
W :VI 0 V" ,+,)/M
\**& \** ; N**& ** +** \** 3 <'** %**& ?**/, ?**W0 i**>
4

4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 a /
W
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ ¤c I
:x ,?] :2;7M i"r , ¤c d %& h8 ,U!" U
8 ; ,]
− **I– ** ¤**c %**& **8 **d %**& Z)**/" , **,] ?**] 3"
4 yS , :\

7& XS , :?6
' ,hU h] :G0
٢١٣
4(]G W +,)0 &"
:O
; m, %F"
Q (P4S PfSP SR
*[$!P4S H x }Q%PS R
PS PR
h *!PS $ R P+S *PRS$R U
x >Q
JWP
P S Q SS
S PS /
*p$PM
Q S S 3R#PcSS 9S S
PS S S ]SP XS KS(PSS S S
PS S
P]SL
:"S Q \ ;" i
\& \ M ? i"
4]¤c %& U 7; −
4F * U m,'; 3 −
4¤[ 1 U
" U/
\)DW9;J 3 −
43F * ]¤c 7; 3 −
4pI
O ;v :" +
8 EA 1=" •
)*/
O O "*
*GW O *]¤c *<
8 ,(*pL f*, ]¤c 7; ;" •
4ap7 ; :0 ,
`
h*8 Z*!" −< " \ :*− N; A 8 ¤c %& n ; •
4 +
8 ! ?W/ A F" ,¤[ %& i a3
h*8 D
C* DMD N*; n* *A" * ¤*c %*& n : &J F +*0 %*F E*
, r*] _ V
;
D *
4i
` )/
4 O O "
GW O ]¤c <
8
" ¤c _ M I f, %F +
8
;
٢١٤
:*$(W% *9$ :(cV

@
%& )7 \ ,=/ _ i ; 3 ]" ,(0" I %&
\& \ M"
:"S KK −+I aB %&− U& ^); %> UpW
3" ,
:& 1I \= ,$% i] I) / /+ −[
R ^ bS`S R rS 9S R a
*$(S S Q X T S S (S S R PSB b S8S 7T3P2S :SWS fX
S;S
N)*/ *]¤c *

I
O " ,(]*G q + 8 &" s8 3 a f?S
4(]G W +,)0 &"
N)/ ]¤c
I"
O " ,(]G q + 8 &" s8 ,3 a "
4(]G W +,)0 &"
4P>
O v
\U 3" ,,pB
O \!v 3 :17M"
** +** \** 3 <'* %**& ?**/, i**>
** \**& \** M **
80 3
:(& 2!" %& 3 M

4 / ?W/M ? ?W/ ?]" ,F \& & <M :i4+
4]) 0 ? ?]" ,
\& & <M :FG
4 W6& <M :HG
4a / qI/
O !
O <M :J
4V
B %& <M :KL
4 :Z
, ?/ NA :+!" 2r] G0
4a
M Z]r 1]"
; Z]r 1&
:& 17 3' ` 8 _ U&F ! \ , r] + Wp6" ?/! ¤ ; a
*****
DcDDJ *****UD,R>J 9*****&D 3D"D ]DD*****:
: : ***0DD 3D Z
***
DB D : ***97D9 DD***D E9***C>D"D
:\*
7& XS , :hU h] 4 8 U" 3 E& u
>
B O 0 3 +
8 ]"
4 :Z
, ?/ , :yS ,
4 :yS XS" , :\
7& XS , :hU h] :E
, r] G0
٢١٥
4N&
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 3 a \U
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ 3 ¤c P>
O
p*P
O 3 :E*I *8 ,\* M a* *7; a* *8 :i] b 8 I) 60 /+ −p
U hpP <8 +
&" −U]–
c
v hpP
v 3 :17M 3 \ ,^); a :
c
O¤*c **<M **F" ,¤**[ C'*D * C*D \**&8 **
c" ,**, N** M **F :**&F
4co ,
c" ,7
O
D
V/ \q8 3 :/I _ 3 \ M ^); 8 ,V/ \q8 v 3 :`+
> @ G
4\q8 ]¤c" > U
\)8 I +0 ;>
O 3F
c 3 :EI 8 ,*9j$ i] /06 9+ −
* 3 \* ,^)*; a* ,=
4¤c := ,, :
c <
8 ,1] %& ,=
v 3F
c 3 :17M
:O A
S 9S$ 3 R;S PSS
*[$:SS
SP S */PRj$S *5 P SR8P+Q 5
*9S$ KS(P S S ~ R R%
S X 3W
R
:" I" (0 %&
\& \ M
8/ 3
4
M<0 ]3 <; −
4]¤c %& U 7; −
43F * ]¤c 7; 3 −
O \vU 3 : (W 5W; AG
4Lp8
4
M<0 U
A
\& \ M 3 %F E
, r] _ V
;
٢١٦
@
:*$(W% 59 :GV
3
6S /] 3F ,©c "
\& \ M ?W0 i> ?]"
:]" ,U& U/
j)*[ +*!" %*& ?]" ,/f b 8 A; 5 & 9j !
; 9 Ic+ :AB
O
4"" , &" ,−3 ]=A ?]"−
> :HA K
ir> =A " ,]> ir> 3 \ ,/
0M 9 i] I) /+ :FG
4U
4 :j §WVU¦ :% M 1I : =
** +** \** 3 ^**W %**& ?**/, i**>
** \**& \** M , **
80 H3
4N&
**]" ,(]**G **W +,)**0 **&" N)**/ H3¤**c :
**> §WV¦

**>
** H3" :;**7" ,i"r** H3 a**" ,iq**
4(]G ('< &" " +
F iq j/" ,j/
:O
; m, %F"
:SS
SP S */PRj$S *5S9S$ 3 R;S PSS P SR8P+Q 5
*9S$KS(PS S ~ R
R X 3WR
S %
*p$!PS K X R U
Q P
SPS ,SWS JRWP Q oP4SS x 4R S)R 3WR 5S:SR SS
!PS8S (
, *
8/ 3 :A d \pI " ,(>" A d \pI 8 ?
' " ,A ?] \] ;U
8 nc
1" _ (*p f*" , *
80 3 *A : *; aUq* " , *A *dF :\*pI " ,W u
0Q H"
4 :hU h]" , :Z
, ?/ :V \
)WM G0 4

_" ,**L %*& 1*M -)*[ H*A _ \** M H3 %*F 1" * _ V* *
*;
4]¤c ir> I" ,U ir> (=A %F :y=
٢١٧
ir*; " ,* %*F iqM " ,©c "
\& \ M H3 F
4U
>
4j/
> H3" ,/ & H3" :" +
8 H8M 1= *
:*$(W% */j$ :
@
aUq " ,
\& & d ; (/ Y ,8 ,U& _ ic /]"
4¡
S
O \ M 3 d ;
O : cD (

4( J ::F :I 8 AG
f*73 2*c. '*A ,
* \*& \* ; ,<'* %*& ?/, ?W0 i> F
4
/A'
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 F a (

42c. %& (]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ F ¤c (c
O
:(E D% W
& */j$ !
;
v F :\= ,U& \ 7M 8 ,I) b 8 i] 60 9+ :AB
47
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ,+& \ ?W0 i> F
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 7 ¤c
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 co , 7
:+!" %& M W
W[ ('< F
4§yxwv¦ :% M +I 0 ,
6S <M :AB
4)
c
O Z]r F :0 ,
3 %& \cM" ,
80 <M :FG
4
%& \cM" ,
7= WW[ <M :HG
4 :Z
, ?/ :G0 4
8/ ©; =A" ,(p <M :J
4 :\
7& XS , :hU h] 4
\& \ M d :fW c
8< Z]r

٢١٨
:VI 0 ,U& \ 3F :* ?W/ Y70 8 ,9j : I(#c 60% 9+ :FG
4 & 3F :
F
J
4+& \ ,
/A' f73 2c. 'A ,<' %& ?/, ,?W0 i> F
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ,
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,)> ( 3F
4 q + 8 &" ,s8 , ¤c &
%F M − 3F * ?W/ Y70 F – U& & _ Z,'" *
4 & :^,)M" H,K
:17/8 ,\ Y7/M 3 d8 ]¤c" F a fU0 3F Ec F *
O
4N (q> %& 3F pI (q
J :
F
4
/A' f73 2c. 'A ,<' %& ?/, ,?W0 i> F
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 F a (q
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ F ¤c pI
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> )> ( 3F
2**! **&" %**& ** "** a** :(q**> ,**! i**> :%**& (q> %&
2*! *&" "* +*
F iq* :N* " ,iq* *]" ('< N
4('<
%&"
3 %& \cM ! &
B F E0A F *
dc¦ :% M +I" , :nU< §RQPO¦ :% M +I 0 ,
W
4§fe
4 , :_ / :G0

٢١٩
6O"*S *U& *! * S" ,
\& F 1&F _ f nc 7
:U&
4U %& ]¤c 7; 3 •
43F * ?W/ Y7/; 3 •
4\ Y7/; 3 ]¤c" F a fU0 3F Ec F •
4
W "
3 %& Uc ! &
B E0A F •
4(c
O (

J : : (W 5W; AG *
F

٢٢٠
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬

?*]" ,s"*" ,f*!" , *7 1* 8 −q*;
O – ¤*[" , 0
n*[M *d ;*A H*c * \* M a" ©c" A \& \ M )I0 1 8
:? / %& ?]" ,¤[ _ U/&
:b%
H(4 IC+ :9+
@
:s0 KK %& %/ u
> ?]"
: 6 A
W+ −+
:*/I F ,¤*[ s*I" NI %& 1M 1 8 2r]" VS" ,NA ,A :?]"
+*/<" ,* *=; a* sL* %& V 1 4M f' HA " ,=; sL A
*I
O *]F E*I" N*I *<" ,* *M a* f'* rA" ,K NI
4;S
O
:7 A
W+ −h
:17M ,¤[ sI" f! %& 1M 1 8 2r]" mc ,> ,%'& :?]"
4)/ # {Q; _ \" f! /U8 4)/ {Q; # %'&" A E6 7
:_ A
W+ −
%*& 1*M 1* 8 2r]" \ ! ,Z] ,I ,m& ,mW6 ,rc ,Q0 ,sS :?]"
N** r**c" ,** ?**; ** s*S :1**7M ,+**
8 f**," ¤*[ _ s"*
4+
F )/;
" ,* 8
O * f*F _ * *I *
k k −/]– sS \ W8
%*& 1
4+
8 &S" H)0 _ " I N
٢٢١
:I 8 2 :(cV
@
* *]¤c _ 8*; *©c" *A \*& \* M ?*< 1* 8 2r] _ ;"
:?;
_` I
W (
W / /+ −+
:'I Uc &" ,+
& 1c u
> ]"
*; *> :\*= ,m*c" ,*> h* V*" ,*[$@ /+ : /06 −
4M f' E7c" ,7;
47 ^W %& ?/, A \& \ ; ,f! 1 8 ~ \ 8 >
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 U ;
:*7; ,N*& * +* \* 3 <'* %*& ?*/, i> , ,-0 : 7;
\*&W" ,(]*G W +,)0 &" , N)/ sq \ 8
4> :¤c Z)0 \ _
W " ,] :2;7M '
P
:O A
R 0X */P+S$ R
*p$:S} @0P4S iSQ]SS :S
RQ P
R S ,4 bC
S
Q S S S S S S
,"* ; "*
e Q*0 :V*I *0 ,*s$_ A
W+ J @ */+$ M −
4&;
v mW6"
4A \& \ ; ,^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 mW6
4 :yS XS" , :\

7& XS
4 :* mc ,> ¤c I ("P %F – E
, r] _ – V
;
4 :yS XS" , :\
7& XS :G0
٢٢٢
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 mW6 a
'
P \&W" ,(7 q + 8 &" s8 sq \ 8 &;
4mW6 :¤c Z)0 \ _ \&W" \ W " ,] :2;7M
:O A
w R JPS */P+S$ uQP;SS
R Q
*[$]SSS _ S SS {z?SSB 3WR
S S !QGPS
R
vP R8SS ,5QoPS+SS ,~

Q P
SS oSS vP#RESS ,QPS vQRC
X nSScPnSS
CBA¦ :%** M 1**I ,*O2+ ,bC8$ J − ]m
@ − /+ : /06 −s
4 :(p §mlkji¦ :% M +I 0" , :f§D
4A \& \ ; <' %& ?/, ,! lI0 ~ \ 8 §A¦
**]" ,(]**G q** +** 8 **&" s**8 %'* & a** :N §B¦
:a
*" ,+*
F iq* *! \* _ ?*/,
P :i<" ,iq
4h
** +** \** 3 <'** %**& ?**/, i**> ,**-0 ;)** : §DC¦

*P :i<" , N)/ sq \ 8 :a>; ,N&

*P \*&W" ,h* a
*" ,+* 1* W Z)*0 \* _ ?/,
4%'& :¤c Z)0 \ _
W " ,] :2;7M '
1* 8 h* ¤*[ %*& *c *M ("*P %*F −E*

,
c _− V
;
4s"
4 :yS XS , :\
7& XS :G0
٢٢٣
:& 1I ,*/+$ / b;+ :AG
J***9D +:***:7
D :cD ?***8: z9***;D \C***AJ +J***D +J*****0C:F # : :

J +*****: ?MQ9*****;D bvD*****8D %'D*****&D
4 :* {Q; ¤[ +
8 7; a {Q; b8 %'& :& 178
i¦ :%* M +*I +*/" ,*h , $ J −]m
@ − */+$ M −
4 :(7, §lkj
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i>
80 § j¦
?*/,
P : & """ ,aq %& ?/, lI0 ~ \ 8 :A §k ¦
4U h8 \ _ <' %&
1* 8 * +*0 ;*/ H*,K +* 8 *&" ,s*8 sq* \ 8 §l¦
,\**&8 h**8 \** _ ?**/, \)**
**P **& """ , '**[
4A :¤c Z)0 \ _
W "
:& 1I */+$ i] /0 AG
C 7DMJ 9D ****UDIJD/&9D E9****DDAD 9****ID"D
**** D C %D&D O 9D :D >9D ""JD ]
*DG D 7DD
:I( 8 i] 60 9+ −h

_ Z,'*" ,E7W6
J \ 8 :\ 8 E7W6
J _ 17; 3" ,; %'& 7; :17; 8
O
H3 E*I *8 ,3* 8 *dA "L* U- EWc 1 8 2r] ,c V
4U i)M 3 W
P 1 8 d8 q;"
O ,\-¥ UW[
4 :\
7& XS ,E
, r] "
4:yS XS , :\
7& XS
4 :yS " , :\
7& XS :G0
4 :\
U' XS
٢٢٤
@
:i] Uo4 :GV
*A " :;*7" ,*A " *W| ¤- :VI 0 ,aD:&J F ]¤c ir> ;
C F ¤**[ ir**; **I" ,Lp**! **/] ¤**[ ir**8 ,**WG;
:%** M +**I **0 ,+**
& 1
2) M" ,^'; :]" ¤[ ir8 :j §onml¦
4+
&

O
:A
WB Yoi U}0 :
@
" *78 \* ! ,m*W6 ,VS" ,A 3F ?P
) 7' 1 8
4 :/ §º¹¸¦ :% M 1I ,sq" ~ U/ \<
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 0 lI0 sq \ 8 §¸¦
,iq* *]" ,(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 <; a :E; §¹¦
4+
F iq ! \ _ <' %& ?/,
P :]"
'**
**P \**&W" , q** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 sq** \** 8 §º¦
4<; :¤c Z)0 \ _
W " ,] :2;7M
:O A
R rS (mS 9S S
S2 R `SQ QS
P0S)PS
S2SPSB 8@
Q Q S Q P S S
:I% ;
3;n :C
@
*;" ,+*&W U/ \A ?W<; , M M I VS" ,mc ,%'& :1 8
O
4 2r] _ sq" 3"o )
O <; \&W _
4 :\
U' XS
4 :?6
' ,hU h] , :V 3 ,\
U' XS :
q7 2r] G0
٢٢٥
?*U/; V*S"" ,* ^/*; m*c" ,Y; %W; %'& :IG
41"o ) ] \&W8 ,
4^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 VS"
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> , ,-0 ;)
,(]***G ***W +,)***0 ***&" *** N)***/ sq*** \*** 8 ?U/;
4VS" \&8 h8 \ _ \ W" 1"o )"
:O
; m, %F"
*[$P6RWQ /
x VS P8S *!S
S#P /P+S$ R b%@mR S 2SP+S vSSP S
PRS PS O P bCS8S S
PS
S
:s"" f!" 7 1 8 ¤[" , 0
:'I KK %/ u
> ?]" •
4VS" ,NA ,A :?]" , 7 1 8 -
4mc ,> ,%'& :?]" ,f! 1 8 -
4Z] ,I ,m& ,mW6 ,rc ,Q0 ,sS :?]" ,s" 1 8 -
3" ,sq* *U 8 *
8 *! *<; *]¤c _ *; :U& "S •
4U
& ]¤c 7;
k " ,a& F ]¤c ir> ; •
4\
+
& 1
4U& \ ; 1 8 2r] i); •
4+&W U/ \A ?W<
8 , M ,VS"" ,mc" ,%'& {QM •

:\**
7& ** X**S :V** **G0" 4 **M {Q**M **I V**S"" ,m**c" ,%'**& %**F V** **
**;
4
٢٢٦
‫ﺇﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬
:I;+ /j :i )% FG C6
C
**, Z)**/8 ,
**3 ** %**& \c**M [**0 i"**> :**©c" F
:{gA U
)WM" 4]¤c %';" ¤[ h8M" ,U %';"
S ,/XRj *
:*[$/X+
* =*8
O ,¤*[" ,*, ;L*
* ,'*/ *
AQM :x ,*
AQ ]/ "
*;
O F :EI ,'/
AQM H 8 ,2
B" ¨) \M ,'/8 ,apI ; :EI
:V*I * L*!" ,ap*I
v *;
O F :V*78 , <M L!" 17 r]" ,apI
4
AQ /& ,apI ; apI ;
4 :& 1. §çæåäãâá¦ :% M 1I
4N& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, ,Z)0"
AM i> §á¦
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ F a a;< a3 §â¦
,(]**G q** +** 8 **&" s**8 sq** \** 8 :¨**; §åäã¦
a**3 %**& ** ; **] :2;**7M *
O *! '**
**P \**&W"
_ <'** %**& ?**/, 1**- a** :9*D :f**; ** ,a;**<
+* 8 &" s8 sq \ 8 :f; ,+ 1 W Z)0 \
* ; *] 2;*7M *!
O '
P \&W" ,(]G q
N*& * *U \ 3
W " ,a;< a3 %&
1*** W" \***&W" \*** W *** ***" ,1***- ***-
4F ¤c h8 \ _ ¨;
2*A * *]" ,hP _ ^WM" hP _ '<M 0F" ,>" i> ,F A f
4\
U' _ V " ,1- _ b' " ,Zq7 _ ¤" ,+;,

٢٢٧
:*[$
X *
:/8c i u0):
O V EI 8 ,;]V i
]r 8 ,a;A ; := X 0SQ JW : d(6
; −+
a]; h8 < /,7 8 ,rA +/< :1IQ8 ,
[ HW) n) +0 +
F m,'

! +0 a]; I ,?/B r] :V78 4\
[ +/<" ?/B r] :VI +/" ,+M,K
,V %& 1; 6[ r] F %F /& V
B A 8 ,a;A '"
4\
[ +/< :17/8 C:< ]"
+0 +
F m,'; ]r8 ,\
[ ; :1= ,
W i0 5]V : d(6
; −h
N*A r*] :*/I +*/" ,¨"*- +*/< :1IQ*8 V* Z*7 MQ8 , ¡
HW) n)
a
*G& +/< :1IQ8 V Z7 MQ8 ,hW/ \
I " ,+
8 hW0 3 +0 a]
8 ,= l
c
4n
W& +/< ,
78 :+/" ,hW/
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ,
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 , ¤c
78
** +** \** 3 ^**W %**& ?**/, ,Z)**0" ** i**> :**<
C +/<
4<
C a Z)0 \ _ aq %& ?/,
P :fU ,N&
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 <
C ¤c n
W&
4²8 +/< :+/"
,²; a +/<" ,+A ; f! :VI \= ,

AQ
WM d Z
, ?/ :+A _ ] A
4 :Z
, ?/ 4s/3 +M8 HAQ8
٢٢٨
:/n
X *
:
/ U"
O *]¤c *A F %*/ V* m7;" ,U
& Z ]" ,+
, :I+
*
¼»¦ :%** M +**I +**/" ,** *O */] Q**A" ,** *O *; Q**A :V**7A ;*O *!
4 :78/ §½
O
:1*7M Q*A ,W*-" *<; Q ,!
B ¤[ A F m7;" ,G :I(cV"
4,MA
O " ,pI
O +0A AQ
O <M a F ,ZMA ; C
O QA" ,apI ; D
O CQA
:~( *
Z6 ", ; N, E
:0 +
8 h6 3 Z6 ]" ,3%0 i%

%*&− % M +I 0" ,Z] /I
O ? E
:
7W 1I +/" ,'9&J +
8
4 :l)7 §ponmlk¦ :−"I I '
:!
*
:
/ U"
# 1**I \**=" ,?**/>; # \** :\**= ,}4 J 0 h] d E −+
4 :8B §dcb¦ :% M
, :+**6 §~}|{zyx¦ :%** M +**I \**= :!(
0 −h
4Ar; ?< :x
:
] ? 1I fL!
:
Z
D \D******* D8D *******D: 2JD:,c9QJ*******8D
J ******* ******O9;D
J ****** J;D N C
D ,D****** ED******
9D 3DD
O %/ U f
+*I *0 _ ,f*W *@ m*& Vr*" ,*
8< +*,K *I" ,UW3 ]" =K
?*/ :G0 4§KJIH¦ :% M +I 0" ,§nmlkjihg¦ :% M
4 :Z
,
٢٢٩
«‫ﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻁ ﺇﻋﻤﺎﻝ »ﺇ ﱠ‬
C * *@ E*0I *8 ,* @ 7M 3 :U& ;
,\* *& *UD9WA
:+*= ,1* 8 S,M I \ ,f l[M a 2r] _ d V _ Z,'"
4 :& §dcb¦
,N*& * +* \* 3 ^*W %*& ?*/, Z)*0" *
AM i> :F §b¦
** +** \** 3 <'** %**& ?**/, **p i**> ?**]" , **8A **"
4 8W<" 8A N&
4, h8 \ _ ^W %& ?/,
P §c¦
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 ¤c §d¦
,\* W H*S I /]" :1W0 §tsrqpo¦ :AG

Z]r* *] r*]" ,*U& ?D:9Q8J ,U
& 1c Z,' f U-)c 1L8
4+;,

:& 1I
?: *=D9D \D*KCoD D J:9;J 9ID"D
J D*9 \z******KCoDJ z******9 :
D % D******9D ******DC/<D"D
:+I"
: z
9****ID D****,9&D ****;D O****GD0D 9****&:D
J D*D JC/ VDD H9fDPDD
D*
C7D ****DC DD
1c* *©Q
]" \* *& *UW<8 < %& Ec u
> 444% /<" :+I _ ]
4
W %&
4 :hU h]" , :
W %& yS NA _ E
, r] "
k :+I _ ]"
©Q
]" ,\ & UW<8 \ %& Ec u
> / VM HfP
4f U-)c 1L8
W %& 1c
٢٣٠
*d ;*U! *U
8 *; +*08 * *@ E)M 8 ,E
V %/=';"
:] U!" ,
3 )[
O
:+= :A8e −
4(p <8 ,^!0 ;
; *8W< E*
" , *8A */] * <M" ,^!0 ;
:+=" :Aie −
4O¤c" , ] N
8 \ U& F :x
:O A
!QS
SP b6X]SQ PSS ,ISSS8PRj !Q R>]PQ U
R oR R * $ !Q ?
Q Q S P S S
*& *UWA i*> 2r*@ E)*M F * %*F E*
, r*] _ V
;
\*=
;/ &! Z]r r]" ,
I
O \ M I" ,+;,
Z]r ]" ,\
,1*& ap*I *;
O *0F :?p'*<" ,*Wc %<>" ,b' " ,?!!L
C
s'* f*! *I" ,E
3F h U/ \ ; 3 +0 ]" ,1" Z]r ^
)"
: / +I _ A ,V Ao
O
:******7D8D +JWD)9******:0 "9D ******D/:
D D>D %******D:F *******D/D D rD*******]D *******DD
9D 3DD
D *******D
%***& h***8" ,***U&F %***& Z)***/8 ,+*** 8" *** Z)***/ "9***;J +***08
3 *d8 , *- * E*0A F * , *
8> (*p * E0A F r] ,U]F
N&" ,'> /& F" , :+6§srqp¦ :% M +I \= ,\,M
:170 ,1= r]
4N& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, Z)0"
AM i> F
4F a Z)0 \ _ <' %& ?/, 1- a
*** ***U \*** 3 1***- ***- i"r*** m*** i***| :***/& /&
4 :hU h]" , :yS XS" , :\

7& XS :G/;
٢٣١
\ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P i<" ,iq :/& ,N&
4+
F iq !
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 F ¤c '>
:]L ');
F 3F ,*
0K O a3 %Mo
8 ,Z
M U
8 Z; / i>
O ¤[ aK ,3"
:> /] <
8 ""
O ! O ¤[ A
` " 8|
%**& *
O a**3 *A" , *! +,**S *A F :¤*[ a;**7M N*!" :bB
4U,>- _ E
:\= ,¤[ Y %& ;
P
%*& *! +,*S *A F V" ,2
cQM" ¤[ a;7M x :; ! :(cG
h*/; a" ,¤[ Y %& ;
P !" %" _ 7M
B 0
§nml¦ :+I" ,§lkji¦ :% M +I \= ,h0 7
:? / %& 1= r] N ;" ,7 /] ¤[8
4N& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, Z)0"
AM i> § i¦
*7
C F C ¤*c i"r* m* "*" " ,"" ! §kj¦
4h8 \ _
**; _ E'**
**U/<" ,f**3 3 ?**]" **7>L ** :** §l¦
**W +,)**0 **&" N)**/ co** F a** :(¤**&" , **
4(]G
:O A
oR]SP S(PmS S%iQ P+S I(SWR ~
S (PS :S oRX 3WR 9XRj d(
S
R;0
P X S _
R SS
٢٣٢
:iC */j$ Dfi {0W
4; !" ,'< N!"" ,^W N!" :1> KK F (LU
*<;
*> & \< F (L] ^8 Z; :*/j$ Dfi {0W h :AB
:
hP _ A " " N)/ " s8 ) ] " ?] 1"oM
:JW J" :9+
@
§¦¦ :%* M +*I :+*= ,!8# J" & i
/+
X /; /+ −[
4 :H,</ §«ª©¨
\* 3 ^*W %*& ?/, i> , W6& :"" ,UW :(LU §¦¦
+ \ 3 <' %& ?/, L!" ?W0 i> a" ,N& +
4N&
:a*] , * i*> ir> L &" "L sq \ 8 :n<; §§¦
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P
,N*& * +* \ 3 ,^W %& ?/, Z)0"
AM i> : §¨¦
k a Z)0 \ _ <' %& ?/,
P :0
4
%*& * *0 :** +)*M3 ,<'* %*& ?*/, ~* \ 8 :1L0 §©¦
,\*&8 h*8 \* _ <'* %*& ?*/, \)
P :0 ,
&W
C * 1"o* )*" ,
k ¤c h8 \ _ /L0 !"
a*UW<; a* " :;*7" ,?*W<; \ W \&8 ) \;"QM _ \ W"
4/L0F
)** ]** **" ?**] E**"Q8
k ,**8 y'**; :x ;Lp**8 V**0 y'**; :+**/"
C ** :1"o** )**8 ,_" V**0 y '**; :\**=" ,\**&8 **]" **8 ^;)**

:170 1= r] N&" ,®8" y '; :x ,\&8 h8 \ _ ]¤c" U"
٢٣٣
*0 :*/ ,(]*G q* +* 8 *&" ,s*8 sq \ 8 : '; y ';

*P :f*
,N*& * +* \* 3 '< %& ?/, i> , ;I
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
,N**& ** +** \** 3 ^**W %**& ?**/, Z)**0" **
AM i**> : V0
k a Z)0 \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P :i<"
4
_ +*
& E*c *" " 4(]*G q + 8 &" s8 ¤c _"
4®8" y '; :;7" ,\&8 h8 \ _ ) \;"QM
:& 1I +/"
: *p:6D :*
9BD tz:*9 \R*AJ %*D:F Y
\ v *:D ?****/:0CD ?D*: '****W9D/: ****,`>J ?****0:DD 9****7DD

)*8 ,E*IW
C H*U! V*0 * :*0 ,q*;
O hP r] {Q;"
k 1"o
:;*7" E*,K *7 \ W \&8 h8 \ _ ]¤c" U"
4U! E,K
,"'** V**0 aD*:&J :**0 ,!8# dc J" & i
/+
X /; /+ −
aD* :&J :;**7" ,\**&8 Z**p0 h**8 \** _ ,"'** V**0 :** 1"o** )**8
4 : §HGFEDCBA¦ :% M +I +/" ,"
2;*7M *!"
O '*
*P \*&W" ,<'* %& ?/, \ 8 §A¦
4E0
41U ?/, ^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 §B¦
:f*
" ,N*& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> :%F §C¦
s8 ) \;"QM _ ] " U&I (L] ^8 Z!" u
> Y
?/0 :+I _ ]
4y \ W
٢٣٤
4%F * ! \ _ ^W %& ?/,
P
,N*& + \ 3 ,^W %& ?/, Z)0"
AM i> : §D¦
4 a Z)0 \ _ aq %& ?/,
P :fU"
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 §E¦
\** W ** **" ,(]**G q** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 \**&8 § F¦
1"o** )**" , ¤**c h**8 \** _ §FE¦ \**&W"
\*I :;*7" ,\*&8 Z*p0 h*8 \* _ *]¤c" U"
4s ?>"
:* ,N*& * + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> :9: §HG¦
4('< &" " a
+*I +*/" ,\P8 V0 x/& :0 ,+0] J" & i
/+
X /; /+ −
4 :E)8 §FEDCBA¦ :% M
:r<] 1= r] N ;"
3 ^*W %*& ?*/, i*> ,U,I Z'> N M " ,
8/¡ :" §A¦
+* \* 3 <'* %*& ?: /, :
9 ! i> :9 ,N& + \
4N&
:fU" ,iq ]" ,('< 2! &" * " a :H;. §B¦
**" ,+**
F iq** **! \** _ '**< %**& ?**/, \)**
**P
47 ¤c i"r m ""
k
** +** \** 3 ^**W %**& ?**/, i**> ,Z)**0" **
AM i**> : §C¦
a Z)0 \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P :i<" ,N&
4
٢٣٥
*]U| * h*/ (*7 q* +* 8 &" ,s8 sq \ 8 §D¦
\** W ** **" ,E**0 :2;**7M '**
**P \**&W" ,r**
k ¤**c h**8 \** _ \**&W"
**" ** 1"o** )**" ,
4V;®
J +M;. " :;7" ,co , h8 \ _ ]
)*8 ,a;*A
v V*0 V,'*> :0 ,]L J" & i
/+
X /; /+ −
:;**7" ,V,'**> :**, ¤**c h**8 \** _ :V**A ,a;**A V**0 :** 1"o*
N*&" 4\*U V*0 V*,0" ,'* V*0 V*7& :17M" ,VA V,'>
:17M ,a;A V0 V,'> :0
,iq* *]" ,(]*G q* +* 8 *&" ,s*8 , :Z'> V,'>
4+
F iq ! \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P :i<"
C
** +** \** 3 ^**W %**& ?**/, i**> ,Z)**0" **
AM i**> : V0
4U Z)0 \ _ ?/,
P :i<" ,N&
_ ]** **" " ,(]**G q** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 C ¤**c a;A
4V,'> :* ¤c s8 ) \;"QM
:A] + >
$ _W J ; J" & i
/+
X /; /+ −
?*/ :x ;m*8 V*0" *U! ?*/ :\&W %& n M QA :>
W −+
:;*78 ,m*8 V*0" *U! ?,'*> :*0 ,¤*[ %*& " ,V*7
8M" U!
)* \*;"QM _ ]* *" Hf*! :
*= *A _ ,V*7
8M" *U! ?,'>
4s8 M
O E I" d ;s8
k 1"o ) <; ?< f S I"

, r] <; :, ¤c ] "
:\*= %*/ a , r] <; VrA" ,k (L] ^W \P8 V0k ?I :^); 8 ,1I
B
k (L*] ^*W ,*> V* +*0 * :^)*; *8 ,¨*7 N-
'; i)0F
\* ,
4
S> :\
7& XS" , :_ / :G/; 4]'A Z;
٢٣٦
+**0 :** 1"o** )**8 ,**U +* 0k
** ?**/, ; :**0 ,A] −h
1* *]" ,2*U!
?/, ; :;7M %&
1 h8 \ _ U
V*0" *U! ?*/ :*0 N*&" ,"* +*0 * ?*/, ; :+*/" ,1S
:17M ,m8
%*& ?*/, i*> , *;I */" ,^*W %*& ?/, ~ \ 8 : ?/
%**& ?**/, \)**
**P f**
" ,N**& ** +** \** 3 '**<
47 + 1 W Z)0 \ _ <'
**]" ,(]**G q** +** 8 **&" s**8 co** \**&8 :**U! U!
iq* *! \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P :i<" ,iq
4+
F
: 4N*& * +* \* 3 ^*W %*& ?/, i> , W6& :" V0"
,N**& ** +** \** 3 ^**W %**& ?**/, ,Z)**0" **
AM i**>
4U Z)0 \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P :i<"
k ¤c
_ +*
& E*c *" " ,(]G q + 8 &" s8 m8
4U! :\&W %& i s8 ) \;"QM
:J"
+ & J6; ,d}% J" :(cV
@
,'* V*0 E*& :*0 , A
# J" & i
/+
X /; /+ −[
E**& :;**7M %**& ,+** 1** W Z)**0 \** _ '** V**0 :1"o** )**8
)*8 , :* 0 §ÌËÊÉÈ¦ :% M +I +/" ,V0'>F
8**[M 3" :;**7" ,+** 1** W Z)**0 \** _ aA**S a**<0 :** 1"o**
4a<AS
٢٣٧
4'
v V0 E& :h8 AG
:f**" ,\**&W f** +)**M3 <'** %**& ?**/, ~** \** 8 :a*& E&
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
P
k
,N*& * +* \* 3 ^W %& ?/, ,Z)0"
AM i> : V0
, a* Z)*0 \* _ ^*W %*& ?*/, \)*
P :i<" '
1"o* )*" , q* +* 8 *&" ,s8 ¤c :'
4a& ? W '
C
/+ b 8 ,I;+ 4j + / ] J" & i
*/+$ /; /+ −
:1"o* )* ,;*cg h " M V0 ?/| A :0 ,b%
) I) /
4;cg h V0" M ?/| A :;7M %& A ¤c Z)0 \ _ " M V0
4¤[ Z)/;" , h8; 0 lI0 ~ \ 8 A
*]U| * h*/DD ,(*7 q* +* 8 &" s8 A a :| ?/|
:f*
" ,iq* *]" ,/ A ~ '< \ 1S
4+
F iq ! \ _ <' %& ?/,
P
,N*& * +* \* 3 ^*W %*& ?*/, Z)*0" *
AM i> : V0
a* Z)*0 \* _ ^*W %*& ?*/, \)* Nc
P :i<"
4
'**
**P \**&W" , q** +** 8 **&" s**8 sq** \** 8 " M
C ¤c h8 \ _ :" M !" ,E0 :2;7M !"
)" , O
C 1"o
¤*c Z)*0 \* _ "* M V0 :]¤c" U"
4V0" M ?/| A :;7" ,A
٢٣٨
,¨*c V0 V,,> :0 ,h}% J ; J" & i
/+
/; /+ −
%*& i*< * 1*S 1* Z)*0 \* _ ¨*c V*0 : 1"o )8
¿¾½¼»º¹¸¦ :%* M +*I +/" ,V7c V,,> :;7M
:170 ;g N&" , :(7, §À
""" , **& "** +)**M3 **/ ir**> %**& ?**/, ** \** 8 §¸ ¦
4\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P &
**]" ,(**7 **W +,)**0 **&" ,N)**/ +** 1** W : ** 0 § ¹¦
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/, \)
P :f
" ,iq
4 / W- Z)0 \ _ <' %& ?/, 1- a §º¦
:f*" ,\*&W f* +)*M3 <'* %& ?/, ~ \ 8 :a 0 §» ¦
*! :E* 0" ,\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
P
41- - N& U \ 3 )
,N**& ** +** \** 3 <'** %**& ?**/, **! i**> :%**& §¼¦
a
*" ,*! \* _ aq %& ?/, \)
P i< a9AJ"
4h
: ,N*& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, i> , W6& :" §½¦
,N*& * +* \* 3 ^*W %*& ?*/, Z)*0" *
AM i>
4CD a Z)0 \ _ <' %& ?/,
P U f
"
:f*" ,\*&W f* +)*M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 :\q8 §¾¦

*P :i*<" ,\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
P
*& :a
*" ,+* 1* W Z)*0 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
" , ¤c h8 \ _ a<q8
W " ,h
٢٣٩
+* 1* W %*& i* Z)0 \ _ :]¤c" U"
4?
qWM" a<
& E 0 ? ? 0 "A :;7" ,? 0
+*Ic ?*/, M :0 ,7%G0)9 b 8 d}c ! & i

/+
X /; /+ −
%**& Z)**0 \** _
'**/ **
=A +**0 1"o** )**8 ,
'**/ **
=A +**0 3F
C (L*] ^*8 Z*!" Vr* ,+0
'*0 (*=A 3F +Ic ?/, M :;7" ,f/=3
,
*" ,?*W<; 3 +*0 3F *
=A * " ,(*pW *
=A +*0C 3F =* ?B N< :+="
C E**0A
, (L**] ^**8 Z**!" f/=**3 N)**/ )** 1"o**M ]** **"
:170 ,
'/
=A +0C 3F +Ic ?/, M :1= N&"
, *;I :*/" , q* +* 8 &" ,s8 sq \ 8 :Z M ?/, M
\)
P :f
" ,N& + \ 3 '< %& ?/, i>
47 + 1 W Z)0 \ _ <' %& ?/,
,iq** **]" ,(]**G q** +** 8 **&" s**8 \**&8 :¨**c +Ic
4+
F iq ! \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
P :fU"
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,f/= ( 3F
* +* \* 3 ^W %& ?/, Z)0"
AM i> : ,U" +0
a* Z)*0 \* _ aq %& ?/, \)
P :fU" ,N&
C
4
C ¤**c :**
=A
:
'**/ ,iq** **]" , q** +** 8 **&" s**8
=A
C ,('**< 2**! *&" "** +**
F iq*
_ +**
& E**c *" "
'/
4+0
'0 :2;7M f/=3 N)/ ) \;"QM
٢٤٠
@
:M J" :GV
k E I" F VrA
,"* )* \*;"QM _ ] " C (L] ^8 Z;"
:hP KK _ V"
V*0 1"o* )*8 ,}
*0 V*0Q E¡!8 :0 , U4
J6; /+ −[
+&" ,V6/ E¡!8 :;7M %& V" ,f, i ! \ _ }
0
:17M
_ aq* %*& ?*/,
*P :f" ,1U ?/, ~ \ 8 :²!8 E¡!8
4\&8 Zp0 h8 \
i*> :" ,N& + \ 3 '< %& ?/, ! i> :f, V0Q
:i*<" ,N*& * +* \* 3 ^*W %*& ?*/, ,Z)*0"
AM
4U Z)0 \ _ ^W %& ?/,
P
k " , q* +* 8 &" s8 ¤c
\* _ *]¤c" U*" }
0
, :w* §| { z y x¦ :% M +I +/" ,f, !
4Lp8 V0Q H :+="
C \*,I E*,] :*0 ,(j U` J" & i] I) J */+
$ J6; /+ −
,+*
F iq* ! \ _ 6 : 1"o )8 , 6
C E*0A *" , * s*6 \*,I E,] :;7M %&
)* 1"o*M ]* *"
4©L] ^8 Z!" 8P "

**P :f**" 4\**&W f** +)**M3 <'** %**& ?**/, ~** \** 8 E,]
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
4iq ]" ,N)/ i| \,I
,N**& ** +** \** 3 ^*W %**& ?**/, Z)**0" **
AM i*> k

٢٤١
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ a :
k " ,(]G q + 8 &" s8
*]¤c" U" k ¤c 6
4" +
F iq ) \;"QM _
* E*,& :>
M J ; J" & i] I) */+
$ J6; /+ −
%*& i* *! \* _ ^' V0k 1"o )8 ,^' V0" VA
1*= r*] N*&F" 4V'*M" V*A * E,& :;7M %& ,VA :"
:r<]
:*A ,N*& * +* \* 3 <'* %*& ?*/, ,! i> : VA
i*<" ,iq* *]" ,('*< 2*! *&" * ** "* a*
4+
F iq ! \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P
: ,N*& * +* \* 3 ^*W %*& ?*/, n*& i*> :" V0"
,N**& ** +** \** 3 ^**W %**& ?**/, ,Z)**0" **
AM i**>
4U Z)0 \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P :i<"
*]¤c" U*" " ,(]*G q* + 8 &" s8 ¤c ^'
4" %& i +0 ;" ) \;"QM _
C E0A F VrA"
+* E*>8 :\= 1 " ) \;"QM _ ] "

q* * 1* *! \* _ (* 2*,c 1"o* )*8 ,(* 2,c
4(' 2,c + E>8 :;7M %& ,fU
:*/j
$ Dfi C J" :
@
**U
h** +**
8 V,'**/M ^)**; 3 h**P \**A _ F (L**] '**A Z**;"
:? / %& )
4 :_ /

٢٤٢
A¦ :%* M +*I \*= :732 I( 8 60 /n 6(64 j M 70 −
:% M +I \= ,3 U
& 7; \= <>
O F" , :7 §EDCB
:%** M +**I" , : 0**; §JIHGFEDCBA¦
(*S F * :\*= , U
& 7; \=" , :(7, §¦¥¤£¦
:& 1I +/" , ;!
D : \******
D 9 D 9 D F :
D *
C: D J : 9 J #" : :9
******
D *U| D D +******
J *
Wc D F *******]UG; J D + p/******
J D D *-D ?*******W[;J
4 :^W §EDCBA¦ :% M +I"
:%** M +**I _" ,(**I **; F #" :\**= ,C6 h & ~c j −p
BA¦ :%** M +**I **0" , − :)** §FEDCBA¦
4−:c §NMLKJIHGFEDC
*8 , :a;* §|{zy¦ :%* M +*I *0 ,A6

~
j −s
*" ,*GM :x ap*I ;
O :17M :\= ,^W Z!" G 17 !
D : J aK
:& 1I
U! x" CD
h***** : *
: V*****
D *0C D 1*****
J *7M J DD
J *C D J (***** DD
* 17 f!F %& ^W :U! +
8 ; u
> V0 :+I ]"
4 ;< %& '<" ,G
+*I \*= ,: !
8 v 8 h 6 A
W+ !
W
./j- _ −
4 :78/ §lkji¦ :% M
. :yS XS :G0 4a'' t E, I" :2L&" ,¨W +I :\
I
٢٤٣
:+;,
0"
]/*
D J D *D ** ; : 9 D *0D %**FD : x'*
J 9 D ;* : 9 *D/D D 9 D ***
O *

*** 9 D ***
D D * 9 D ?****0FR : ***
D *" 9 *D D
D *MD a***
k H'A u
> ?0kF :+I +
8 ]"
4x'/ ]" ¤[ _ f? F
¥¤£¢¡¦ :%** M +**I \**= , } ? & ~
j −
k xr :x :l)7 §¦
4F
+I +/" ,\ " yF" +M :\= ,
A 7 & ~
j −
, :1*W0 §gfedcba`_~}¦ :% M
:& 1I 0" ,©L] 'A Z!8 ,1> Z)0 \ _ +

& Ec " F C :*8
: D xL!******
: : R : D 3FC : :
?******A
D D D ?******0F" D J J 9 D *D 3"
UQ******** D D ?0******** D D 9 D *********D
*
&
E **P" *d ;('*< F C (L*] Hf**! u*
> ;yF" 3F :+*I +*
8 ]*"
C (L*] '*A Z*!; (*, 2r] _ c. Z, K"
*I *]" ,F C ,1 hP
4 ]¤c
:O A
R
RC S S R R z S R {0W
R S P S C X R $ fi
P u S ) 3WS ,iC
S X S S } P S P */j S P S S
S R P Q ( R R */j R R P 3W R 0 R R R R P S

P x (S X R $ H
Q (4
PS S P S 7
? S S S P 9 3W CW
P
P +S S Q 3cj x R P S P R ~
X S +P S A6 R
! z R S
Q ;f
Q P Q S ,A4
S P
! S S ~
P 4 S Q +P S
P (4
S Q o
b6; Q X R 8
Q S cj R X R
P S P S ,: x P R
S z Q !
W
6 8 R R C
P S
P Q S S S
4 :
W a& :G0 ,> Z'/; a" N< H
]
4(L&
C D
=< E
,
4 :\
7& XS
٢٤٤
R Q (I
R P S P S R S +P S Dx 7MW S R
*[$3c Y
Q S
P S 9
S S 9S R S
C S S Q j S PS
R P S P (S :c R R ;P R J
*p$ S P S 3cjz R A6
Q 4+ Q P R P S 3W Q R >
X S
S S f
S M S WS P S

C (L*] ^*8 *U

8 *;
*> %F

, V S
F * E* I" F V*" ,]'*A" F
*8 E!c :;7" , ! ] %& ]'A 8 ,apI ; O C 8 E!c :0 ,
pW
N! _ F C : E I" F ; rA 4) \;"QM _ U- h U ! U8 " ,apI ;
4apI ;
O F #" :\= , ]¤c _
" a'7
k E* I" F :*]" ,]'*A" F (L*] ^*8 ! hP ;c.
P %F + S
* F
C \* ! %*& '<8 ,< +08 ?/MQ; :0 ,fL f8
,* *@ Z*
! *! *U
" F
,i"r* ¤[" ,, )
O @ \)M " \ ! %& ^W" ,< U8 ?/
MQ; :;7"
4! +A8 ?/MQ; :;7"
k ¤*c" ,1*I %*/ _ ] ,
\*p7" ,1*I F C E I" F '<" ^W ; VrA"
,*
c *& O¤*c )*
O k ^*8 *8 ,# *> ?*0k 1*7
c :0 ,>"
*U ! U*-"
:\*
7& * X*S 4*
c *, ¤*c *! *U ! ]'*A *" ,# *> 1*7 *
c :;7"
4i) ] "
٢٤٥
‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ‬
:I#
;
:; @ %Mo; 3 ?]
4E,= ]/ & V F" , ,= q
AM :i4+
41 sq \ W l
[M :FG
:%* M # 1*7 −1* sq l
[M− y= %& V ~& I"
, :\***************/ §tsrqponmlk¦
,,7'*
O *A N]r* *8 , :n*; §ÃÂÁÀ¿¦ :%* M +I"
O L A 8
:N*" ,2K +0 h +&8 %& ! _ \ W 7M L 3>
)*I ;*7 " ,] P L/ 1L/8 , 3
V _ hI" a<
41> )7" ,,]rM
3" ,+*r<; " ¤*[ s*I" _ V; /] <; I ,apI ; :/I F :IG
– * 2r*] *U/ , *
_ (
=A HAo /]" ,<
AM r¡/
>
,ap*I *;L :m'* 1*= _ 17/8 ,
=A
O , %& \cM ?]" – f3 3
4ap7 ; C ¤c %& \cM "
O F :17/8 F
4N& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, Z)0"
AM i> C
F
C a
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ F ;
O
4N& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, i> ,f3 3 : ap7
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 F ¤c :apI
4 :Z
, ?/
٢٤٦
:I
"
1c* _ *U78 ,*< *- U ;< 1" \cM U7> 2r]

8>
h ]A
AQ E0A < ,apI ;
O C :170 F
C %&
k ,>" %/
4 7>L E
rU" ,¤[ %F "cQ8

‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻻﻡ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ‬
:¨WM
P _ f3 3 \cM
mlkjih¦ :%** M # 1**I **0 ,+0] :i4+ -
4 : §n
4f3 3 +
& Ec I" ,, h8 \ _ ?/,
P :a0
k :q -
:¨WM f
S KK %& N, r] _ \cM" ,F
C ¤**c %**& ** E**c **78 §±°¯®¦ :**0 :)9 −
F
4a ]" ,h

lk¦ :%* M +*I \*= ,a*3 +
,*S +*0 V*" :_` !
# −N
4sq \ 8 ]" a<; %& Ec §nm
4 :a7 §nmlk¦ :% M # 1I 0 : M ]2 −
:\)*W X*S , :x*] *c

* ,^;)* XS , :\
7& XS :G0
4 :lp)[ , :hU h] ,
,*c f
*S *KK \c*M * :*] * *A" , :Z*
, ?*/ :h*P 2r] G0
7 ?P N 47; %' ; O FC :0 , ?P \ W :?]" ,i[ <"
:
9 D *
+* 1*I ,*I 9 * i)* ?*P b 4*ID *7 *;
O F :*0 ,*U +* 1I" ,I :*
9 D 1cF %& ] " ?p'<
4a'7 3 dF :I" ,U + /" ,I
٢٤٧
:I 4
:> f3
4!
O f3 3 \cM :bB
4 :(7, §zyxwv¦ :% M # 1I 0 ,, %& •
v
4E0 ¨) :VI 0 ,, %& 7 ¤[ •
4ap7 ;
O FC :VI 0 ,/ ( (LU ('< F ¤c •
¤**[ **A" ,1**> **
B +**0A" ,¤**[ %**& +**7M ** F ¤**c 1** •
4NP
v
O ;
O F :VI 0 , -
O
J 1I A− +6S" \)W
P •
" ,¤*[" *,
}; −\
7&
4¤[" , +-
:+7 O
; m, %F"
*[$PrSSS 3czRj :Q x R R
P cS ,7S0P Q9S P]SL
S d Q S}P;S RCPSP 5S S
PS S
R S A
R R (S#RcQ PS S S:
X R 3 RS 9SS
*p$(S" S S
SWPSB S 9SS
SRP0SCPQ S
RP b S8S S)S P6SS S /XRS PS JSS I(S RS PSS
S Q S]PS !X4S @)PS !S}P#SPS
*s$P ]SL P]SL
S A S Q
PS 'S)R P d};S
S Q S P S
k ¤c %& f3 3 1c ! %F

;
4F
i)* ?*P \* W %*& \c*M 3 *A ,
W/ %& 1c ! & %F
;
4? E
, _ + \D=RJ ]" I* 7
B
3 %F \)W" +7 S" ,¤[" ,
}M F ¤[ 1 %& Uc %F
;
4ap7 U ;
O F :0 ,\)W
P %& \cM f3
٢٤٨
9 " , **
8/ F
F 9
** ¨**W ¤**[ %**& * !"
O ** 2r**] \c**M :(cG
* 2r*] *8 ap*I *; F :V*I 0 − U E0A F−
7= WW[
:17/8 , hq0 ¨W \! " ,H,K" ?W/ \M
9
4 ,= %& 3F \cM 3 f3 3 ;ap7 ; F
,H*,K * %& /;I /] E0A F ,: Yoi 8 7%=0)9 *
:& 1I \=
R
R ~
*[$/R T RS /PRjS x R A
R R X DR +Q cS+S
S S S S P cSS O O S P R(P` S Q P
_" ,V* 1g +'0 [W; 1" _ +0 ;
8/ F I O :;J a /U8
E*0A *8 ,?*W/ (F h* ª*/; *]" ,a*U >
O A :17; y=
4U> 2- h ,V
,I _
` E
, L& < ?W/

, :h*U Z>*- 2*A *I" , :N*7 ; \*

;F :] a _ E
, r] "
E
, a Z>- A" , :
W %& yS XS _" , :\
7& "
\c*M a*" ,E*]" F E*WWc u*
> 44V* F" :+*I +*
8 ]*" 4X ]" \;
42f." +'W0 X; &" , , V" ,
8/
" U/
I8 < ]¤c _
٢٤٩
*$‫ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
444 < _
8/ 3 {QM
C , ,
7 _ aI
h* , *,
7 _ *>" a*I !" & %& V 1 v 3 :/I 8
,
* \*& \ M ? ?]" ,(> ?W/ /] 3 <8 ,aI =A !" !
8 , / ?W/ <8 , ,
7 _ aI x !" ?W0 @ ; I" ,]A m, I"
;©c" F ] \& 1" " y= %/ U)
)[M 0
4©c" F \ M 2r] _ d
:/j
X !8 I 8 2
:2 */j
X $ !8 *9$ !
; 3 0
Q*A ,F \*& \* M a* *
80 *
B E*0A *8 :}c
K%M (Wc /; /+ −
Vr*A" ,−q; O – \ M 8 (p <M " ,
]0 <8 1 8 %& \cM
v 3 :\*= ,
* \*& \* M *d8 ,(*>
\* * _ \*! 9 *
80 E0A F
4!
:\= ,]<M Z!"" ,E] ¤[ 7M 8 :I) b 8 i] 60 9+ −
:V*I \=" , :H8) §ÐÏÎÍÌËÊ¦ :% M # 1I
, /
8/ 3 N&F N M 3 r¡/
>" ,;7M 3" >
v ¨' 3
:17/8
:3" ,N*& * +* \* 3 ^*W %*& ?*/, i> , W6& :" 3"
4 8 ,N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,
80
4, h8 \ _ ,<' %& ?/, \)W/
P a]
* E*0A *
8/ 3 %*& ¨)*M *p¤ m*>" ,?*W/ i> ]
B " p¤ 3 %'M"
4 :^;) XS :G0 4F C U@ /
8/ ]))c aU/<" ,E0A
٢٥٠
%**& ?**/, \)**
q**" ,<'** %**& ?**/, **! i**> :**& U/&
4! \ _ <'
1** 8 ** +**0 ;**/ H**,K +** 8 **&" s**8 sq** \** 8 8L/;
,\*&8 h*8 \ _ <' %& ?/,
P & """ , '[
4a] , ¤c h8 \ _
W "
,*]<M Z!"" \ M a
M<0 0<; a 8 :(;c i9
/ /+ −s
, /** **
8/ 3 N**&F N** M 3" ,*v * 3" ** _ *v *; 3 :\**=
:@&F _ 17/8
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,
80 3
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 , ;
:*" 4N*& * +* \* 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> :_ _
¤*c h*8 \* _ * +,S" ,('< 2! &" ," a
4,
*
80 :3" 4N*& * +* \* 3 ^*W %*& ?*/, i> :" 3"
** +** \** 3 <'** %**& ?**/, i**> ,%**" %**& **8
N&
+***
& 1 i"r*** 2¤***c" , q*** +*** 8 ***&" ,s***8 ***,
4 _ x ,Ar
\J*D,D \D*I
D :aU*I *0 ,*U& \* E*0I *8 :M U /06; 9+ −
z
4f, "
O O A : A N 8 ,A D : H
D
4!
v D 3 :" +
8 EA 1= *
\!
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> , /
80 3
٢٥١
4W +0 ;Z)0 \ _ ^W %& ?/, 3 a \!
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 3 ¤c !
:+7 O
; m, %F" *
S Q P+S O R cS 3WR *9S$R !P
*/XRj$ !S8
*[$YPSX S S D@ SS#PQ
S ;P7 YPS S P S S
:*9$ ) 4 −
O
<; F" ,8q <; F" W
O <; F , /
8/ 3 a
4iq U
,S
O
\z*!JD DD *BD 3 V*I *0 ,Z)/; +08 ,U` I(]2 @
@ + ,W` / /W −+
4]| ,!
O 6 :
v O 3" ,vP>D
:h8j c *
:hv:0ID a9&: Z6
D 3
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> , /
80 3
iq* :a& ,iq ]" , W +,)0 &" N)/ 3 a a& Z6
4('< 2! &" " +
F
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 3 ¤c h0I
:v:. (ODp:6D ,OA

: 3D
D
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> , /
80 3
4iq +
,S +0 ; W +,)0 &" ,N)/ 3 a ,A
O
4,A
O \&W a3 1 W +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W (p6
E*0A f* ,
M*<0 *]3 A F" F \& \ M /
8/ 3 %F V
;
4(< (W
O 6
4,! O " ,(p6 ,A
O :VI 0 ,2/ M f?S + \)M ] :iq +,
٢٥٢
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 3 ¤c .

* * :*/] W* *" ,+* Z)*/; %& %/,; +08 , #
@ / /j −h
: :(7, §PONM¦ :% M +I 0 ,iq U
,S O
O 3" 8q
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> , /
80 3
4Z)0 \ _ ^W %& ?/, 3 a 1!
a* :w* ,N*& * +* \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> :_ w _
43 ¤c i"r m +,S" ,('< &" ,"
:
:-[ :
9D/:o 3 :VI 0" •
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> /
80 3
4Z)0 \ _ ,f
%& ?/, 3 a
/o
9
4%/= +0 ;n + 8 &" s8 3 ¤c -[
:"Lp8
[
D 3 :VI 0" •
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> , /
80 3
4a Ar h! +0 ;Z)0 \ _ ,f
%& ?/, 3 a
[
4a Ar h! +0 ;" + 8 &" ,s8 3 ¤c "Lp8
:1'<: HL
: 9/ 3 :VI 0" •
D J
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> , /
80 3
u*0o h*! +0 ;Z)0 \ _ '< " ,^W %& ?/, 3 a HL/
4a
aUq* *!" ,'*< *]" ,+* Z)/; A %& %D/,9;J :I 178 ,a' u0o h! _ nc
4 :\
7& XS :G0 4^W
٢٥٣
:1'A" ,N& + \ 3 '< %& ?/, ! i> 1'<:
3 ¤c h8 \ _ +,S" ,('< &" ," a
4
8/
:O
; m, %F"
R QP ]L S S S
PS S R `SQ P W@`SQ ISR d R
*[$P
SW S P S S S u P8S P }cPWS
:*9$ ) b 8 >

_ ; +08 U" 3 a %& 8 (< 3 +,I" (<0 a hI" F
,#* 3F (*I 3" 1*> 3 :** *U \*=CD;J Q'* 2r*]" ,+*!" 'c Z
A r]
:> Q' 2r] _ 3 a3"
D 3 :17M ,7%] :bB
:+!" KK (I _ <
8 1>
LM K J

CP+[`B [ _[" :L1 * [[ _[[" :L[[1 * P+` _" :L1 5G *
b
U1 -U=I S,A CB% P+` :[[S,A P#"a[[1 [[5G% *
[f" 75" S,A CB *+ * <+[:L% 'L 1 -+c
b % P+` b
EfO -+c%
h gS -+[c b
K % P+[` :dS7"
,-U[=I S,A CB *+ _" * e1 G
:U[[11 [["+5 -+[[c%
e1 G -+c
h % P+`b
,iq* U
,*S
O :x ;+* &q*
O O
" 8q* *<; 3 a %F 1" _ V
;
4U &8
O {Q; 3 ¤c %F :y= _"
4 :yS XS , :^;) XS , :\
7& XS : )W +!" 2r] G0
٢٥٤
:U!" (I _ <
8 ,1> A _ ,JW :(cG
P+[` _" :L1 ,

* CB P#"a[[1 ,i[[N _[[" [[& *
X%Y -+c % P+` :C*GB f" S,A
_ ! Z)/ ;(I _ Z)/

0= _ ^); 3" *
4 & 3 <M a
0= _" ,3 a \ %& n& +0 ;%"
:l
:+!" KK +
8 ! 3 a ED :0J F %" _
4n;|
D D 3 :17M ,3 a W (& :{0#
\!
O
4W;| D 3 :17M ,\ (& :d}%
\!
4n;|
v D 3 :178 ,U" 3 \ (& :JW
\!
:O A
*[$:S
S R X DSQ 9S AS4 *9S$ S @;RWS SS#P R zSS
P 3cG S X S P S Q d
]S}R%P;S 9S 9@X+S ~
S
PWSS /PRjS @ WQPS
]SXSQ P @ }Q%PS P 8
R R
;
A P S J
P W S P + R
R S ]}
P S cP + R S {0W
P S P WS 3 R S 3 R R @0
cS #
P @ S PQS
%] PS

O
4)W ]A m, I" ,(I 3" 1> 3 :0 N&F %F

, _
;
٢٥٥
‫ﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺳ‬
4+
8 AS a<> _ U,I %& ] \
qWM
WM :

C 3 %/
,*&
O N¥ V,> %& V 1 C 4
C 3" N Z> :17M :IG
4j)[ +!" %& \qWM V0"
:
7 ® 17;
: D *: ****;
****: 3D " ^z: *****-D CUJ9/*****: VD*****D z9*****;D NCJ 3DD
J 9 !J (***
: ****
\ D v 9 D DC D
:I 8j
.N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> , /
80 3
iq* 3 a* :?* ,=* "
] :17;" ,\= %/ :?

k
:2;**7M **!"
O i"r** **]¤c" , **W +,)**0 **&" ,N)**/
4!
:594 :V I
**],& ("** **; **A **<M r**p/&" ,(**p **<M **F −
( ; \= 3" :x ,
? 3" :%/ <;" ,? %F 8q
4\!
O
,iq* ?* :x ;+*
F 8q O
3-
O <M F" −N
**&8 :**; **<M r**p/&" ,xr** \**= :%**/ ,+**
F iq** **"
3" :%*/ *<;" ,*] :2;*7M !"
O i"r , O¤c ],&
4\! ( ; ] xr \=
O
a*3 <; rp/&" , 8- (<0 +
F 8q
O <M F" − *!
, :\)**W X**S" , :Z**

, ?**/" , :h**U h**] :_ E**
, r**] "
4" Z)/" h8 U
8 ; ; %& + U" , :] a "
٢٥٦
3 L*
;(*<0 *<; * )*/

O L*
M
O
*
k hI
4

O

C 3" P; :\= , 8 <;
k 3" •
U,I %& ] \
qW @ %Mo;" , – ? − 3 ,A :

,N)*/ U* ?*
k , /*
80 −U
8– 3 <M" ,+
8 AS a<> _
4p
O i"r ¤["
C 3 hI a3 •
*, ¤*c +*0 %& + 8
8 , 8 <; I

4i"r
4+
F iq ]" iq ?
k %& 2! ;"
%*& " h8 ! h ,)/
O L
M
O <; < 8 (<0 A F"
4 8 _ A xr
:" F \& \ M : /
8/ 3
4 /
80 <M −
4U %& ]¤c 7; 3 −
4
M<0 ]3 <; −
4! i m,'M 3 −
U
,* O * *<; **F" ,*W
O *S **<; *F" ,8q* O **<; *F **]" :9 )
4iq
4h**" %**/= \**;" , **! +,**S 3" **!
** ** **]" :W**8 •
4+ Z)/; %& %/,; +0 :+<>"
4Z)/ U<>" iq +
," iq" •
4 j :h;, ,& 4 ,/ L!

٢٥٧
Z
A r] ?W8 ,n6 I,' 3 +,I" ,U" 3 a
v hI" F •
:+!" 'c
4aq" ,Z)/" ,f/, :y= _ !
/,
` 1" A F −
4}78 h8" ,f/, :y= _ ! &8
O 1" A F −

٢٥٨
‫ﻇﻦ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬
:(
# d}%; 30 A
WB
:s0 ?]" ,
W ZM \ ,>" 1 W ?W<M 3 1 8 /]
,'*A ,%*& :\*= ,¤*[" *, U*-

W Z)/M :AB _%
444 , ,^/
_ \*&8 +'*W0 E*I _ *] ,1" +* 1* W :;
O :*8 ,A
O ;
O E
& :17M
4N< rc xr ] +0 ;%/
U**-
** W Z)**/M" ,**©c" **| :?**]" ,N**7 1** 8 :FG _%
:'I ?]" ,¤[" ,
9 C , ,!" , ,a& :\= ,
7
%& 1; a'I −
444a M"
4\ ! ,a& ,Z'> ,1c ,| :\= ,! %& 1; a'I −N
H
*- :1*7M ,r*[M ,\ ! C :\= ,\;"
) 1 8 :HG _%

D D ,
-
O D D

48Lc
:O A
Q P R S ,A R S
S S :3%8+ S R0P +f
R S P Q d R R

S S S ,~ 8 S S ,+ P R 6 P R d}
R
#
P S P ! P cP
P
S S P S o
P 608 X ! S

S S S , S S ,M4
S S
P 8S J S S ,~
Q 8r Q P R 4S ,
P S S S ~]C X lS
R cP IR `@ +S R X
;

S ]
S S S
@ 0]
S P Q d}
P S P (}
S X S S 30 S P X S S dP iS S
:©c" | & g /A"

:I;+ l 4+
4m
" ,f" ,1& :<> KK ©c" |*
٢٥٩
:A8e :AB
4"
` O ]
W Z)/M :]"
GW
4pI O E//| :G
O ;
:\*&W f*M" ,\*&W f* +)*M3 ,<' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 :| E//|
4\&8 h8 \ _ ,aq %& ?/, \)
P
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ |* 1" + 1 W ;
O
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ |* K + 1 W pI
O
:7=e :FG
:,, +" ,"
` O \ 1F :]"
GW
*@&" ,E*//| ap*I *; :\*= ,*©c" *| %*& H3 7M −
:170
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 , ;
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 ¤c apI

*P f*" ,\*&W f* +)*M3 <'* %*& ?*/, ~* \ 8 | E//|
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
4E//| pI
O ;
O :17/8 ,1& m' 1= _ ;" *
_ f*" 4\*&8" \* 8 :E*//|" ,*K 1 W :pI"
O ,1" 1 W :;
O :*8
41& ^! 2r]
4
W
−©c >F " |− \ }; −N
4a;A v :G
v E//| ;
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , ;
\**&W f*M" ,\*&W f* +)*M3 <'* %*& ?*/, ~* \* 8 *| E//|
٢٦٠
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
P
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 , ¤c a;A
O
,1" + 3 W :;
O :<
8 ,pI
O E//|
J O ; :17/8 ,q;
O 1& ;" *
4
0K O
O + 3 W :pI"
O
4 2r] _ ;"' 1]" 1&"
:7=e V+
_ +*& \* *I \ W :V %/ " ,"
` O \ 1F :] :7=e
GW
r**] %**& n** M V** m**; **8 n** M H **8 ,+** _" 1** W **W
{Q
'*8 m*
i[ ? I \ ;W %& n M Z; \ ,\
4+<>
*;"
v ,(* −*/]− E*//| :**8 , !
v ?&"
,E//|
J !
v ;
v :170 =8
O
3F *! ?*& :_ *; 8 +
&" ,\ U

! ¤c" , : !
v
;\** %**& Z)**/ n** ^)**; 3" , **! **; :%**& n ** h**8
4+<> \ \
:v(
0 :HG
4 O U& 1F :]
` 2®7F" ,}78 GW
< 2r] <M ,+
W" \ W
\)WM A !" :]])
8 ,]
8 < \,I \ ; 3 :() %/ " , _ () m';
,*< *- m'*M * k V" −=
O –
8 \ M |
k * <;
* \* ; *0L! *8 ,2*
8 +,I \ ; <; 3 < - m'; "
O r¡/
> <; a 2
8 +,I
4< - +7'; A rc.
:U/ ,s0 ]" ,h0 :%'; \-W r]"
٢٦١
3 E*//| :*0 ,3 :** " ,apI
v ;v E//| :VI 0 ,*$ : 3#% −
4apI
v ;
v F 9 : :* " ,apI
9 E//| :0 ,F v ;v
O \ \ = 2r] ?W8
:0 _− E//G8 ,¨" m +08 \ ,GW
**U" ,¤**c" **, ap**I **;" , **
80 :**" ,\**&8" \** 8 −ap**I **; ** E**//|
4Z)/
: KK - +" ,I#0)9 −h
4 aU;e E& :0 ,UW a
W > <; *
4 aU;R B
J O
E& :0 ,UW a %F 8q <; *
" ,"**& **/& **; E**& :**0 ,UW**3 ( +**
& \c**M *
4]
8 \ & \ W m& () m'; UW3 f
:v(
0 V+
%*& h*8 i* _ *
8 ,
* %& n /& m
K UG;
,?*&
3" " *
&
` 3" ap*I
v *;v * E*//| :1*7M ,\* %*& Z)/" W
4Z)/ U ;apI ;
v \ %& Z)/8
:O
; m, %F"
R R =e R R P X R t
S P R S v(
0
S R P Q P S d
f+ P S S d
P iS S B R ]
P iS ! P S
P S 7 X Q S
R R R R R
*p$ P rQ Q S S !X Q !P

S P i
S Q S )
P a S R(=
P S S
P
; S S
X S S o
R
S R0P 9
R P X (
S S +P S ,/n
R
S "S R c
P S S R P 9 3RW 9S 7
0 S =eS P R r
R z S S
:\
U'* XS , :^;) XS" ,] " , :\
7& XS :1> 2r] h!
4
%*F" ,f*" m*
*U
8 ; +0" , 8) N7 1 8 %F

, ;r] _ V
;
4f 3" m
U
8 <; 3" ,a M" ,Z] :?]" , 8)
B N7 1 8
٢٦٢
R X f RP x R R
S ]
R #cP S !
*S$ 3 P S v P R R 0
S (
0 S 6; S S P R i
S X S S S 7=j Q 3W
R R S x S R 9S .9S- ./j
P S S P Q S S I#0)9
*[$0c Q S P P S o S P S S +P S 70
C P Q S P R -S
, U-
W Z)/M ?]" ,©c" | : [/ 1 8 •
:'I ?]" ¤["
4444" ,a& :0 ,
7
%& 1; a'I −
4444Z'>" ,1c" ,| :0 ,! %& 1; a'I −
: KK <> U"
4"
` O ]
W Z)/M Q :A8e •
GW
D C D D F V" ,"
" ,*U
*& HcQM ` O \ 1F ]" :7=e •
GW
4U/
EM
O U& 1F ]" :v(
0 •
\*-W *U

" U/
\)W; Q ,}78 GW
4U
%& i _ m
" f K UG;" ,() +

*;" ,*c. O
O " " h7M QA ,f3
B _ E I" F 8) 1 8 _ f ! %F
;
2r*] ;UW*3 " ,a'*7 3 " , *
8/ * 1* 8 2r*] * h*I" F m
N!" %F
4< - + f
S
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـــﻞ‬
٢٦٣
:#
;
4\ W !" 9D ] :O=
,+**
& **7 ,+U,**; ** " ,** ?**/, \** 8 +**
F D: /*9J ** **] :4:>
@ ?
:&0 ]" ,n;[J f!" ,n
)
J Z] :0 ,h8 +<>"
,* e * \**A :\**= ,+**K>" \** W \** 8 xr** **]" ,36(64 !8W −+
D * ?,)*
J
*] W'* *> xr*" ,?,)* ] \A I xr8 ,
%F \! 8"
4\ W I +0 ;?7
7> \&8 \!" ,?,) \<8 ,\!
*78 ] ,2
B +K> <" ,\ W a7; a xr ]" ,36(64 (m !8W −h
J N :\*= ,+* \* W *I " ,+* n)*M " ,+* D,C*DMD +0 ;+
F \ W /
,*;
* \*<8 ,b!L
J '<0" ,N<
J ¨LM" ,;
J /& H " ,,
J 0D
9 H9D
M"
C
a**7; a** +**0 ;?**7
7> **
B \**&8 b**!L" ,N**<" ,;**" ,,**" ,**;
4+ n) +/<" ,\ W
4 7' = _ A \ W +
F / :%
` A b[; ?/, :%
Z*p0 2* s*8 *8 ;1*U
/,
4\&8
apI :0 ,\&W a :0 ,\ W \& \ ; :x \ W +,; :%
:*0 , U,* W)*" 4N*< (fI E,& :0 ,)" 4;L
:*0 ,\
q*W \* 8" 4m*
7 H*U
] :0 ,\ W a" 4+7c
,0 O 0'0F
O >
\*&8 :2Q*8 ,m* 2* 1vC*ID ?*:&D :*0 , *,
*-" 42* \q*8 H
4 ,
)
4 '
/
٢٦٤
‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
I" ,
P
O <; I" ,]|
O
O <; 78 ,( 1<S < _ \&W
O
:+
PM" V \
)WM V
F" ,3"o )
O <;
_ ***=A " ,\***- ***] ]** O * \***&W f?***" :ik )9 −
O *| **
4V %& = E7M I" ,1 3
)*
O +¡
" ,)W/
O " ,)
O
P
O \&W <;" :(` !8# −h
:?] &8
O h7M ? pq" ,
=< ]
J 9 D *I"
2r**] ** **A \**A _ f**8 ,H* D D ,E* 9 J D ,E*
J *G&" 9 J D :\**= ,\**&W f**M *
J *A
4\&8 h8 \ _ ?/,
P H<
D 9 J D ,A
4G&" D 9 J D :\= ,('/ 0 *
4/,]" ,0I :\= ,
< %& 0 *
40 ,& ,,A :\= , & "" *
4,<M 3 ,,A ,,A :\= ,
/K3 n *
4?,A ,
,<M :\= , ,6[ =0o f; *
¯¦ :%* M +*I _ *A ,)* N* _ &8
O h7
8 :\)W/
q
4:K §´³²±°
9 ** 3"o*
O * )*
O * \**&W f?** **=<;" :AZ } !8# −
C " ,sq \ W"
# 1*I *0 ,?*P \ W" " ,]¤c" U"
h***[M :****8 :***; §¨§¦¥¤£¢¡¦ :%*** M
9 D
Q*; a* :;7" ,Q; :* \&8 h8 \ _ ) \;"QM _ +
& Ec "
C h +=" 4a@I sc
?/,& : h +=" 4 §©¨§¦¦ : J aU
4E
M
D
٢٦٥
?*/, i*> , *;I */" ,^*W %*& ?/, ,~ \ 8 :Z& ?/,&
%**& ?**/,
**P :f**
" ,N**& ** +** \** 3 '**< %**&
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ <'
,N*& * +* \* 3 <'* %*& ?*/, i*> , ;)* : E
M
^*W %*& ?/,
P :f" ,<' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 :E
M
\* _ )* \;"QM _ \ W" , ;) " ,\&8 h8 \ _
4V0
MF ?/,& :;7" ,?/,& :* \&8 h8

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
:?]" ,<> \&W
:*:
+ 6;
@ @ $ JW :AB
+ k#
O "
0 ,h8 + <" ,GW O \&W {Q; I" ,E7M ? = 0
l¦:%* M +*I" , :(p §wvutsrqp¦ :% M +I
\*&8 *U/ \*A a;*< a*3" ,
:<8 , :f'/ §nm
4 O "
` s8 ,GW
:O A
S S P R I (%
R T rS b;+S S 38W R Q R SP
P S Q P S S oX !8#
*$b0# S
cP
Q Q P S @ Q P
4 :N7 XS :G0

U,* W*- " ,%*M :**A ?*7
7> \ 8 {Q; xr s8 a3 ] \&W %F V
;
4a 0:
9 :0 ,! \ 8 " ,
/
O :*A
٢٦٦
:%8 8 n0 9+ :FG
,*7
O &*8
O c \ ,I c :17M ,c I :0 _ ; 8
a;*7M ^); A F ;2"! ;r
8< %& r] _" ,

;), x r]"
,\* 8 :*I" ,*, :c %& ,\ W 8 ,I c :170 ^) \
4¤c h8 \ _
W " ,c :%& ; '
P \&W"
S !8# / j JM (%G0 :8 !
# M; :HG
+ b%G
:*$

@
,h* " *
/= & +7M 3 −s " %/= \&8 %F / F− \ W8
3F ,"*;L *I 3" ,*;L *I :1*7; 3" ,"*;L *I" ,*;L I :17
8
4"r ] U
& a<> I" ,u
B¤ yA : %&
**
/= **& ** \** W "**; 3 ad**8 ;(f/**S " ²**
6 ** +**0 m**"
,V*McF *I" ,*c *I :*7
8 ,s* " %*/= /'*
O *A F h"
^ /j :1*I u*
> ,f)*W ^)*8 ]" @ a<M ?,/ "r & ] ,;"
(W /]
0 :x"" ,I% : !( : ,(W /]
0 :
` *A ?*/
*; : *I" +* 1*I
*> r] +I" ,ZI ; :\- " :
F *
>
R R P Q +S : 178 4VI V![;
4?i 3L
X
8*P */ E8r*8 ,y*![ :\*- " ,n* *d ;" ^W ]"
O \**-Q **U/ m'**" f**
" "** E** !8 ,a**] x**![ " :H)**8
**M
4 ,/ f
\,I 'A aK ,f
_ f
EB" ,f; " E,78 ,0<"
O
:\
U'* X*S" , :^;)* X*S" , :\*
7& * X*S :\
)*W fg 2r*] *G0
4 :hU h]" ,
4 :\
7& XS" , :hU" , :\
U' XS :
q7 2r] G0
٢٦٧
,¤*[ '* * \*&8 :a]" ,, ,a< f
iq \&8 a :?!["
4co , a]" ,7 ¤c ?![ "
(**p **& b"**[ **] ** \** , ** _ **O/ 6 ** ; 3 (**/ **/& "r**"
4
7
: D :AZ)
?20 A \A" ,;L I :VI _ \&W
:&F + :hM
v D 9 J ,*, *F" ,1* F :;L" ,\&W ] :I _ n :AB
+*/& *,[
4+
& 7
, **
/= **& :x ;i**> n** :(**/ ¨r**> +**
& xr** **]" :FG
O *;L *A * +0 V" ;
P
;N* h*
! * _ *< 3* O E'
"
* Vr*A" ,*; O ]*G a*3 MQ*; aUA N
O +*
7 :\*= ,
q* * 3*
4N h
! /& E0< , & O¤c I E0A
:O A
S S S J
S S w r#
*[$I R P SP R
x P S +P S (%V9 S R )+
% P Q S j
S R !
S
# R R
P P
z S S
R k
Q
P S – Ri X R ! R
Q
# Q R )S

S R )S :A
Q 6
*p$Q%C
S P Q − P P S
S Q
P SS
, s* " %/= \&W h"

/= & \ W ;M ("P %F 1" E
, _
;
4fU 8 :0 V"
*& *d H* 2r*] N*&F _ %" *8 ,\* W h* "
/= & E7 F +0 %F
;
4] ]G a3 ] \&W" ,h! "
/=M
٢٦٨
:
H(cn0 7; A}; :J
*I f* 2r*]" ,+*,p0 " \*&W u*
0QM %*& 1* u*
0Q f*M \* W \)M I
4!"
O " !
O \ W mM
:3i ,rM E :9+
@
h*6" , * E* 6 :*0 ,H(cn0 rM
X il
@ )
@ HcZ / /+ −+
,Y
*,; 3" *; 3 x ;%*=0 *. +
] :x u0o" ,
ut¦ :%* M 1*I *A ,^*! − * 2r*] _− f* *
M F aK
µ¦ :%*** M +***I ***0 ,.***7 _ ir***M ***I" : 0***; §v
4 : 0 § ¸ ¶
*
\ & \)W/ ]" ,H(cn0 36(64
X il
@ )
@ HcZ / /+ −h
" ,n*I E/
J ?P7 %M :VI 0 ,1 W +/& \)W/; QA ,3F
4(
v
: : ,/] ( a 0: :
8 ,K
Rc !
/ /+ −5
4/] ( E 0"
D9 D 9 SP
−i*c %*&− ('0 f!" ,/U f! :0 ,(C; J !8# / j −
4u0o ^
) h! _
4]
c ]" ,f +
8 Z; :1I aU/8
V* *" ,?*W ?& ?" ,
8<
c ]" , 1I aU/"
4q;
O
,*/] 3F *I :178 ,U /& f H,KF L; a 3F * u0o \&W" \ W
\)8 F
4 :yS " , :\
7& XS :G0 4!
` \
I H,K" , 3F h6 "
4 :yS , :\
7& XS
٢٦٩
:+7 O
; m, %F"
R RP ~ R S P b;+S S :R cS 3RW 7
R 0
*[$ S Q P %R3
S "6 P S P ;S !}
X u Q P # Q R]Q
S P {( SS
S S P
*p$*:
Q S S 9jX R r
R P D0W S S S $ S S z Q 9
:`W X R R !}W
x P S J Q P S S
P S Uo
R R R R R P P S Uo
P S S x
2
*s$J S S R R("S
P 3W rM JP x P WS :S R 3;n
S S ,!} S Q P
S S
S P R J R X S xo R R R )R J
P R X 4j
*$] P S 70 X S Q
P C X S x P S JP S 7
Q 0
X S
:h E :(cV

@
:
> _ \ W f 1)M Z;"
@ !8# / j – +
,\*-W \* W
*" +*/
\)*W; a*" ,H(cn0 36(64 GcZ
:%* M # 1*I *0 ,\* W f* 1)*M Z*; */]" , ¡*" a /* &8
O
"
4( 1I :17M ^); 3" ,:& 1. §tsrq¦
*/] :\*= ,H(cn0 36(64 HcZ b 8 8
@ 00C
@ ("
@ !8# / /+ −h
4E 6 :\= ,u
0Q x " ,EI
f* H*,KF *! ,3F *

B \*-W +*&8" \* W
* \)*8 F +*0 %*F E*
, r*] _ V*
;
4U8r>"
1*I _" ,*U */& r*]" ,f* H,KF L; a 3F :* \&W" \ W
\)8 F +0 %F
;
4! O
` \
I +0 \
7& A I" ,Lp! H,K Q ; ,qW 3F h ir" ,V
*U/
\)*8 * ?*7
7> u*0o %F /' \ W f ir> %F E
, r] _ V
;
u**0o ** ir**M **I f** V** ** **S **I" ,*` *! \**
I r**] +;,
** %**<> **I" ,Lp**!
:& 1I \
, _ x
D D D 9 : \***************
****************U7F D D 9 D ~
*7 D 9 D 3"
DD D D 9 D E*******
********UI" 9 *I" D D D *******
D *0L D *8D
D 9 J *******
u*0o h*! " u*0o " Ar*
'*<M h*! *A F \*&W %*F E*
, r*] _ V
;
4U8r>" f H,KF !
O
O U&8 A F , ¡" a 0 _ ; +0 \
7& A
4 :\
7& XS 4U8r>" f H,KF =0o
٢٧٠
:O A
R 5
R S x R X0Q
R P Q +P S !} R S ;P S cj
*[$R4 x I# R` S
W
S P Q ! P f
Q S XR S
:nC
ir* F :*I ad 3F ,U! /] 3F I :0 _ ; +0 ]G A
:*>" *> :*]" ,i"r* * h*I" _ \&W ;
B _ Z!" /]
,*/] &8
O
" 1 ] 3F + f?! 8 ,/] 3F > I :\- 8 ,Ar
R J :1I rU" ,Z!"
B +0 V ;"
4 (8 3F A A q8
:O A
*p$: S P
S
Q 0WS S 9jX R r
R P D S S
SS X R R !}W
S z Q 9
:`W x P S J Q P S S
P S Uo
:: & Y 9 :KL

:!8# I(W Uo 30 E
,%**/ **< **U
8 **" (**& +**0 ; ** _ 2**A ** ** 3 \**&W
D 9 D 9 J 3" , < ?pL! \= + 8 h \&W8
* %/='*;" ,*cg *& ]*>Q %/'*;
:?]" ,aU s U
8 \&W ir; 6 a< r]
,* 3F *I *" ,/] 3F I :VI 0 ,¬W f/=3 N _ :AB
,* 3F *> I " ,/] 3F > I :;7" ,i"r
= _ \&W8
O /] ) ( \ ; %&
43
,u
0Q ?7
7> u0o %& ;
P
O \&W A F :?]" \ W u
0Q ¨F N!" %F
;
:h*P r*] *G0" 4\*-W *U/
\)*W; a*" ,*
7
7>
` O *A F VrA" ,u
0Q x "
*=0o
4 :yS XS" , :\
7& " , :^;) XS
4E
, r] %F (S E7,
٢٧١
¨§¦¥¤£¢¡¦ :%* M # 1*I *0 ,)* \&8 :FG

+** 6F " :2;**7M ,i"r** +**&8" ,)** ** 6F :***8 ,− :**, §©
4
q \; 3 ) ;\&W ir8 ,
; O
: ?*/: J ,* ?q*I
:
:\*- " ,* J D D J 9 D J :*0 ,1*U \* W f*/ /& :HG
4
D \!
J C %/" D D ,
D 9 #
J %qI
9 : 9 D _ \*&W8 ,+*
& 1*; * *7M
h* +* \* 8 9 : 9 D \&8 :J
D C D D F Z* _ +* \* 8
Ø×¦ :%** M +**I **0 ,ir*: *>J +**
& 1**; ** **7M F" ,f**, "** Z**
,+**
& 1" **3 a**@ )**" :;**7" ,i"r** )** \**&W8 :a;* §Ù
*]" ,<'* %*& ?*/, \&8 \)
P :a] ,p ! i> :f, :a@ _ 17
8
\* _ *]" ,?*- f*/, *A> *]U| h/ 2c. %& (7 ('< "
4\&8 h8
+** ,M" ,* H" \**= 1* 8 **-c ( * \**&W h*I" F :KL
:m' \ W 'W
a* * H" ?*" *8 :¨7*03 §NML¦ :%* M +I :G
O *8 N*: *&
,1** 8 **U
M ** H" ;2** ** 2'**W; i"r** \** W &* 9J
4i"r y= \ W \&W8 ,f' E70 F :;7"
:A
# b 8 60 !
# !}0 /+ : C
*/ %*& +*
8 u," ,1 W %& 7;" ,\ W ?; \&W _ \-
:?
:!8# 6; h :9+
@
:U/ ,H3> _ 1 W
cQM" ,\&W a;7M Z;
٢٧٢
O EP :\= ,:}0
4; @ ("
@ !8# / j −
4+I :\= ,( }0 (" A
# !8# / j −
O '*> * :V*I _ *A ,60 b 8
("
*/U8 4*; @ Q
!
# JW j−
\* 8 '*>" M (<0 " ,1 W ;
O ;\&W & 1 W
cQM Z;
**<; *8 \*= +
,*S Z* " ,* %**& * ;
*P
O h*8 *I" ,Z*
4
;
a;*7M Z*; /U8 , /;I !M a" ,A
# !8# ( h8e 3# j −
4Z; a /;I 9 D : J 8 ,%'
& % NP :\= ,1 W
cQM" ,\&W
: D H!"
:A
# 6; :(cV
@
4!"
O ,!"
O 1 W 7;
:@ −
§xwvu¦ :**0 ,A
# b 8
(" !8# !}0 /+ −[
* ; V* * L* ,a
]*F +* % :/78 1 W 0c /0 ; :(7,
+*0 ; *,M _ cQ*" ,a
]*F *]" *W _ cQ* %*& −fU ]"−
q
O cQ %&
q ; ; 3" ,
cQ +,M" 1 W
4 ,M" GW
@ l @ ) !Q 8# ,!
# :}
:\**= ,i @ 0 ( Q
# / j −p
@ " A
§ÂÁÀ¿¦ :%**** M +****I" , :****& 1. §RQPO¦
−*/]– 1* W a;*7M Z!" : 9 :VI 0" , , :
J D D D 0F" ,?&
?/DDA
4+)W0 %F xo;
cQ" ,+ \)
P +0
4 :W)& 3 ,N7 XS :G0

٢٧٣
,?*&
3F *
D X*S * :0 ,cj : + ,9j : }
@ !8# / j −s
4"& ,[ %7 0F"
:O A
S R S P /+
*[$:}#%
S
R Q P 3WR !?B
P S A
#
S Q PSP S S R 0X S /+
:} P S ! R S P 3RW !
R 8# P SP S
Q ?B
R
R
# Q
# R P R R S R R 7M
*p$! P P !S ]
P S A Q P S 3M S SS P SBP U:L
!? Q S Q P SS
@
:!8# (n; A
# 6; r :GV
_ V*" ,a;*7 N*!" h*P *
B _ \&W
cQM" 1 W a;7M ;
*I" ,r*/ :] f! \&W8 :7 §¦¥¤£¢¦ :% M # 1I 0
4&8 1. :]" ,1 W +/& cQM
:!
# b 8 A
# 6; :
@
:!"
O !"
O \ W %& 1 W 7;
:@ −+
a¦ :%* M # 1*I *0 ,S a <; Q ,() + 1 W A F *
4:f§fedcb
4&M \ W 7 + 1 W +0 ; W N)/ S a ;`
4N& U \ 3 U, (p
""" 4*/ ir*> +*L! *&" ,"L* * \* 8 ,sq \ 8 &M
4\&W & 1 W cQ; " ,\ W \&W ?; \- %F E

, r] _ V
;
4\&W %& 1 W 7
8 ,\- i[ f; I +0 %F E
, r] _
;"
*0F a*d ;*
!" *
_ Lp*!" *
=A a;*7 *! Q* *A *I" , :+;,
* N*A :*G0
4a] +0
xr 7;
٢٧٤
4\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P &
_~}¦ :%*** M +***I" ?E***P \***! x
C :***0 ,UW*** a*** "
4 :8B §`
§SR¦ :%** M # 1**I **0 ,+)**M L** cQ**M ** ,)*
O *W/
*
O *P "
4\ W %& – + 1 W ?]"– EI ;F :*8 : MW
:r
@ −h
,*; N*P *&
O :V*I" ,:i*& §ËÊ¦ :%* M # 1*I 0
4&
O ;
v NP"
:O A
R P R P !]
!
# S P S A
# R S
Q Q P S 3M P SS R
!?B R S R R 7M
P S U:L Q S Q P SS

‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻭﺑﺌﺲ‬
*<>
O +* *8 ,*]0" Z*>
C D * ] ! " ¡" a 0 A F \ W
4+)[M
:\*!8 ,; J
v 9 D \! a 0 :17
8 ,&8 ] {Q; ¡" ,a 0 :*8
4X j)[ :;" ,\&8
:?] ,1> ¡" a 0 \&W"
@
/ /+ −+
4 :j§qp¦ :% M +I \= ,(C%M An W
*!"
O +*& %& 1 W a;7M _ " , :^;) XS" , :\
7& XS :G0
*0 ,2*
B N)*/ \*
*" ,(*7 " (]*| N! _
pL f8 \ h7;
4 :%q §ihgf¦ :% M # 1I 0" , :K §¤£¦ :% M # 1I
٢٧٥
@
:**8 :\*/ §pon¦ :\= ,*A+$ (W W` / /+ −h
41 U
8" ,
7 %F 8q U/< 1 U
8 E'
" ,a 0 \&8 :?]
1I 0 ,}L v > f((0 C#
@ 00C
@ ("
@ !8# / /+ −
]" ,L
'W '
P \&W8 :nU< §¨§¦¦ :% M #
O
4j)[ m L
r]" 3

+*0C %*& N* ;" , ¡*" a* 0 \*&8 * s*8 a*3 *] :j)[" *
4i"r , O¤c " ,+
& 7 2¤c ,,
4^W %& ?/, 4X f0 ,! ~ \ 8 a 0
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 \!
¤*c " ,¤*c +*,I *" , q* + 8 &" ,s8 co , ;
4X" " ,] :2;7M i"r ,
\** W %**& r** " X** j)**[ **7; −s**!− **;" *
47 X j)[ ] :; :*8 ,\! a 0 ; :0 ,\&W"
:O A
R
W R R R S R
R P S )P /
( S S K S P R S
S
c P R P S z S}0
(W P(mS /:
S Q
Q
W
P
R R R S S +S *A+PS$ 3c
R 6
S S Q P b]68
*[$ S P Q
% SSS S
S P S ,Ic
S (W`
P Q P P S S Q
R R
P Q S

*p$Y @ P S
%
P S S P S ,f
T (
zS Q P Q zC#S Q `
Y @S P S S PS S
Q /
W
S S +S ]
S P S )
Q P S K( S S S +P S
x P ]
S 0]
S P Q
Q
P S }
Q Q L Q S P
P S o QS
41 +
8 iq; " ,1 * 7; I ¡" a 0 \&8 %F

, _ V
;
m** L**
'**W +**/<" ,O'**

*
O *P {Q**; **I ¡**" a** 0 \**&8 %**F E**
, r**] _
**;
4j)[
٢٧٦
D : 9 J ] :!8#
:&0 ]" ,+
& 7 +U,; " , ?/, \ 8 +
F /
4+K>" \ W \ 8 xr ]" :?7
7> •
/*J *78 *] * ,2
B +K> <" ,\ W a7; a xr ]" :?7
7>
B •
4\ W +
F
:( 1<S + :!
# A2+
4]|
O
O <; I -
O
43"o )
O {Q;" ,)W/
O " )
O
P
O <; I" -
:!8# 4+
4h8 + <" , " ,(pL :* +GW ; I" ,h8 :AB
4+/& +& cQ; 3 :FG
*
/= *& \ W ; , !
O " %/= ]|
O O \&W A F :HG

4h"
42A m, I" ,!
O " !"
O D R J =0o
\ W + u0 O \&W A F :J
4\
+
& 1 F ir; I" ,< _ 2!" 3 :KL
V* i*c %*& {Q*; *I" ,1* W %*& *7;" \* W \); : C
42A m, \
)W
4V "
8 !
O 7;" ,() + A F !"
O \ W %& 7; \&W"
:A4+ K
c !8W •
41 * 7; -
41 +
8 %F iq; -
4j)[ m L
'W
O O'
P
O <; -
4\ W %& r " X j)[ 7; s! ; *
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـــﻞ‬
٢٧٧
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
*! 2r*]" – *
> * 1I A – V ] ! 2r] hP" 1"
u
> ;U ;+&8 aC'D;J a xr 1 W :I ;r
7' !M \q8
4{Q
A /; d ;"" " ,iG :\; – \&W Zp0 – +0F
:+7 O S r] %F"
R SQ PR u
uP S S 3RW QS SS P RS !QMPcS d
O R R%
X R SSP;S

‫ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
,+*/& *,p0
O *<
+*7 1* W *IF" \*&W ir*> %*F &M N, /]
4 7' \&W <>
=A 1 W %& xM"
:&0 ~B 2r] a]"
:I% ,(k# am+
J
*/] ~8 ,+JM
H9D:>J +JM;
J :D E6 9D :\= ,JMC b 8 kW •
*<; a* +M
* / :
J D>D :/I 8 ,h' ?-8
m ]" ?GW
,1 W −y= _− (
'" ,s8 \&8 1" _ (;' ;mM /]
: 0*
D *-8 1U f/, :/I ,^8 y= _" ,aCPJ 1" ?W8
D D
4h9'
C
~}|{zyxwv¦ :%*** M +***I ***0 ,rMe •
4 :w §_
:%
am+
4 D D :\- " , : J :0 ,
•
D #
J %qI J ?qID
D : J :0 , !IM •
4¨' a M 3 V0 ;s ¨
٢٧٨
z
?*W[M H F ,
<'* %*& *

D D R J J :*0 ,JC b 8 I e •
¨)*M
4¨)
4+
& " +/ V8[ \M7 A
B ,8 v \I: J :0 ,( 8 + % UL •
4;L/[ : J :\= ,1 W 7; + )

8 :(k
; •
mc
J
4&
J \I D : J :0 ,+07 & 1 W a )
8 :(60 •
ÒÑ¦ :%* M +*I *0 ,+*/
a< m ; 3Q :I j } •
: §ÎÍÌË¦ :% M +I 0" , :f'/ §Ó
x ** ?**/ ; ;a**< \**
I **8 ,+** **!> 3 +**0 ;\**&W Ar**; a** **/U8
4l[S
:& 1I %
R R X bjS R B
R S 5
R X /j
S P S 6
Q M8+
*p$! R P S P J P S j
Q S + PR S PSR
P R I M8n P Q S
+ P S f P Q PRS

‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
,)**" ,+** 1** W :?**] , ** ** **>" +**8r> ** \**&W **& N**/;
4"" " ,iG"
: A
# :9+
@
Z*
8 ,\&W <> −r¡/
>– rcQ;" ,+8r> \&W & + 1 W N/;
" %**/= Z**p/ **A F h**" **
/= **& ** +** \** W **;M Z**;" ,+** 8
:^;)* X*S" , :N*7 XS" , :?6

' ,hU h] :~B 2r] G0
4 , :\
U' XS" ,
4 :Z
, ?/ _ ] + U" , :yS " , :\
7& + U
٢٧٩
NP
D D D :_ ,/]J 9 : EP
9 D : J :VI 0 ,\&W h u0o; A \ W + u0o;" J ,&
O
D : J :170 3" ,/]
4NP D 9 : ;
v9D
:O A
R RcS
! Q ( S (%
P S !
R S S (WR
Q S R R S 8
!8W R
P S R A
#
T Q P S h%
Q QS
:} :(cV
@
ba`_^¦ :%** M # 1**I **0 ,)**
J \**&W **& N**/; **"
4 : I §c
4L \,7';
D 9 J i|
6S §^¦
z
4^W %& ?/, ]" ,1U ?/, ,~ \ 8 §_¦
:)* ,N*& * +* \* 3 <'* %& ?/, ! i> :_ §a`¦
4W0 :* m ; "" " ,('< &" " a
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 Zp0 § b¦
4 q + 8 &" s8 [W0 :* E 0 §c¦
*U +*
& xr*8 ,\&W & N/; U;
W Z)/; \ W A F
8 (/ nc
F V" ,a]: O ?&" ,] ;
v 9 ; O v 9 ?& :]
O ;
O E
& :_ 17/8 ,U/ \A
0 !
*/& U*S 8 ,*©c" *| N* * \ W A F" ,1"
M , /] A 8 , ,
Z)/; a& N _ u=" y= IF h/; rA ,y= IF s/" 1" IF
M
;/
4 :^;) XS" , :\
7& XS" , :hU h] :G0 4\
&W KK
٢٨٠
@
:Uk :GV
z
:V*I *0 ,*< * i*|
D *A f* ,i*G \&W & N/; "
: J
v D 9 D

48 :
D ,q
D D a
-
D
4^W %& ?/, ]" ,1U ?/, ~ \ 8 a
-
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 Zp0 J
q
:M M :
@
z D : :VI 0
4;L9 CJ
4^W %& ?/, ]" 41U ?: /, z
9 ~ \ 8 CJ
a* :*; ,N*& * +* \* 3 '< %& ?/, ! i> f, ;L
_ *! +,*S "" " ,('< &" ,f, "
4\&8 Zp0 h8 \

‫ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺇﻧﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ‬
)**" i**G ** ,**S " **
I **
\**&W **& N**/; "**" **
:"S K= /; d8
*8 ,l*[ *
B )* *0F M 8 ,}0L
I% ! / /+ :AB
F * i*[ ,n*- l)*[; a /] Nq ;^); 3 NP v D NP : J :/I
4n- ) l)c 78 ,; v : SD NP D : J :/I
v 9 D NP
* a
*- :*/I 8 ,l[
B +0 ;^); 3 +08 , :
v D D a
-
D :/I VrA"
4q;
O l)c +0 ;^- \;6
v
:*/I * * i*[ ,l*[
B +0 ;^); a ,< n<&
J :/I VrA"
v
4'> < : J
n<&
٢٨١
3 +*08 , *
8G %*& Z)/
O @
A 8 ,W}0 I% ! / /+ :FG
O
%*& N)*03 *M 3 ?* ?*] 8)* i"G*8 ,8)*
* +*0 ;N/;
48" ,q :0 ,
8G
**& N**/; 3 +**08 , ;)** %**& N)**03 **; xr** )** Vr**A"
4, :\= ,\&W
3" ,1" Z*p/ *U8 ,*!
O *A 8 ,

@ A
# / /+ :HG
4I V _ nc" ,2!" h N/; 2
m;
:O A
x (%R R
R 4S
*p$ R 4 +S R x S R !
R S P S T R
SS
S S S U
P S P } P P Ul
P P
*s$ P S S R R A
#
P R S
R P X 3WR
T Q P S <# P R Q /j
R
P R oi
S Q P S h%
Q Q S 9 SS

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬
*/ %*& \*&W Zp/ ]/F /& sq" ?P \ W \A
;
:?
,* D : J :*0 ,*cg \,I 'D<9;"
J 9 C a*U8 J ,
P
O A F \ W 1" aq; e D J :9+ @
4J9 D ?qI" : 9 <S"
: J ,a / : J
D J D
: 9 9 A F cg \,I ^DW9;"
,N*<
J a*UW;
J D J :0 ,&q
O J \ W 1" aq; e D J :(cV
@
:
D 9 J ,a /
4J 9 %q7;" J 9 <;"JD 9J
4 :\
U' XS" , :hU h] :" 2r] G0
i*>" ,)*" ,i*G :?*]" \*&W *& N*/M ?* f
S %F E
, r] _ V
;
4
42
B f?S 0F ; 8 1 W !" F +0 % F
;
٢٨٢
+*" a*P C D D :*0 ,(*p f* f"*,
C J ,b*[M O :x \ WM @
C D D " %& A F :GV
R J J :0 ,cg \,I 'A" +
0K"
4bD[M
i* \*- (L*] h* aq*; +*08 ,\*-" (L*@ f",
O \ W A F :
@
D : J :\= ,u=
4m0
:l
:2!" KK +p8 _ V 8 ,s :0
\ \ W A j
4\
I: ,h
: :tL C −+
41IJ ,s
D J :tL ` −h
4('< H- ¡
OS q NS ]" :2e −
:O A
R Q R XS P S R R P S R oR X HV
Q R SS
*[$3 0)
P Q X S S P AB
P S %
P S P fI
!?
P R Q P S _]
*p$!04W y S S %(8
S Q S S " @P S ! R Q 3RV:VS Q WS
X 8+
R R S P R C
P 2P + P S
:‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬
R D J
¨8 /]
:
\ " ,
\
\**= ,1**& **<> hq**c" , **& i**> +**" **A ** :(
!
W
S QS •
:
D J ,f*
" "* E*AM ,h
,1I :U-Q8 ,s ,1I :0 ,Z7
* ^*8"
D D : J ,U,I
O ,78
4W
:\*= ,1*& *<> hq*[; 3" , & i> +" A :(
!0
•
4n
] ,&
4+=K" +" aP \-" (L@ f",

O \ W A F +0 %F
;
4S" ,aq" ,'< :+!" KK +p8 _ !
\ \ W A F +0 %F
;
4 j :W # ,& 4 ,/ \
M
٢٨٣
4+8r> \&W & N/; ] :!8# dc
i*[" ,h'* %*& @" ,+ \U \= :%
!8# Uo4 am+
4h' %& G8" ,; :0 ,(k# 444+/
:7(2+
+ !8# 8 h%
"* i*G" )*" ,*S " *
I " "" " + 1 W
4"
O O
+ 1 W <; " ,8) <; " ,)[
` U/ \A <; :?]
:AIM % %8 !
# D? (=0;
F 2*c. \,I ^W9;"
J +" aq;" ,
P
O A F 2c. \,I '<;" +" aq
8J
*A F" ,2*c. \*,I * '*<9;"
J ,(*p f* t* F +
0K" +" akqD;"
J ,&q
O A
4+=K aP" (LU EP C \-" (L@ f", O
x
4S" ,aq" ,'< :Q+P V:V W 3#W (
!
SQ / j
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ‬
٢٨٥
‫ﺑـــﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻐــﺎﻝ‬
1*&F %*F +*
8 u*>, b*
8 ,*/ _ *7
I N* * 1*S3 N
;< & 2 h ,? N _
A L/ ]" , &¤" I" <W
:E*I +* 1* W E*I *8 ,(>" ! E0< N< HI :EI V0
4%" <M A. r]" ,! 0/& ^,- +MI N<
:‫ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ‬
,*]
B " +' " ,
q Z-0 \ 8 +/& cQ;" ,a 7; ]
1*S8 V* %*&" ,+,)*0 a*3 %*& }"
q !
R J F <; u

:M-
O :\*= ,2
P _ \& \ 8 +/& cQ;" a 7; :bB
*78 ,+*P *;
4fU :]" 2
q Z-0 NP ]" \ 8 +/& cQM" ; ]" a 7M
,a**3 V**
**P ** _ \*v *& \*v * 8 +**/& cQ**;" a** **7; :(cG
N)*/ *M * N)*/
*P *<; :?*P 1*I A ' }P"
4'W
+**B ;
q** ** Z**-0 :N**P8 ,+**B N**P *O *; :G
4 "
Z)/ r]" ,
q +
F iq
v
i**> **
q* Z**-0 \** W8 ,+* H** *O *; :+*=8 , ** *
4
٢٨٦
:‫ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ‬
:/+ V:V A=02:
xr*
q* +,)/ +/& \S \ ;m' a3 ]" :%8 A= −[
4+
F ;
a*3 Z)*0 *&
q* +,)*/ 1* +*0 ;+'W0 \ ]" :A= −p
4\&W a \= ,\ 8 +,S <; I" , 8
O <; I r] \ " ,m'
4+ 1 %';" ,
q ]" :!m2 −s
:*%8 A=$ v C )9 4

** ,+**!" '**c Ar**
8 \)**W; ** aU/**" ,
**U!" Ar**; **
W/)** **
:U8 U!
:+/& 1 _ ;

4
&
` +A :+/
8 ,7
O <; −
O <; −
*! i* "" ,Ao )" ,L
" ,1 _ ; 8 ,P I

4 :h _ 2A ]" ,%> :0 l[
4+AQ8 1L/ _ :1S3
8 ,2 7W
O <; −
:*; §d c¦ :%* M +*I +*/
*8 , q* (*<0 3 ,)*[
` <; −
41S3 E'
" , W- ]& 8
O
* *<; 3 \*-W +*/& \)*W0 8 ,+/& 1 ) <; \ " 1 "S
41S3 N <; ; 8 +<M E0
v :\= ,+,I
8 \& 2
O
*0 ,1* W a* " \*&8 a* " ,8)* O *<; +*,I *
8 \* *-
* 8 O +0A ;"
:\)**W X**S" , :^;)** X**S :**G0 42** E**0 a]**" ,+**P **0 *O *; :V**I
4 \
7& " ,
٢٨٧
:d}% :AB
H*!" *8 ,E*P :+*
& 1*; i"r* \* W N)*/ ,E*P ;
O :*8
Z)*0 *&
q* r*] +S \ W r]" ,\ W )
O m a %& ;
P
O
E*/< F ,Ar* m* q \ W m' a3 Z)08 ,m' a3 V
*A Q* *<; a* F" ,+*P *;
O E*P :;*7" ,+*P *;
O :\*= , 7
:1*7/8 ,Nq* \*; *&
O *70 */08 ,2*c EP ;
O :0 , ,-0
O
42c EP ;
O E/]
H* *;
O :\*= _ Z/ \ {Q0 /08 ,i "
O
q A F"
4!"
O i"r \ r]" ,+ H ;
O H"! :170 ,+
:JW :FG
41S3 N & b[M /] Q'"
:O A
R R P S d}%
R S k# R
P S S +
! R P S R %8
Q PS P S 2S :
!= P vx R )S
@
W x )P ` PR
Q S P Q /j
R P Q R x RW 04 R P Q ! R R cP vS R CWS
*[$
S Il+ P S
S v SQ @PS
S "+ x
#P R ]}
QP X
:%8 A= 4+

:?U8 '[ <> "
4Z)/ ^
!M −
4Z)/ N!" −
4h8 N!" −
a*3 *]" ,a*3

*P _ \*& \* 8 cQ*M" a* 7M ]" 1S3 }P %F V
;
4]G \ W /! !"
O 7;J \ W Z)/;J m'
٢٨٨
4]®" ; ! −
4h8 ^
!M −
:d}% {(; :9+
@
4f&
O " ,
d
O " , ` 1S3 _ \ W A F Z)/ ^!;
O ,Z %& 3
O :B AG *
4+P ;
1 i"r* \* W (]*G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W ;
O
4Ar +
&
,aq* %*& ?*/, \)*
P :7I ,<' %& ?/, \ 8 +P
4E0 :2;7M ,!"
O '
P \&W" ,+ 1 W Z)0 \ _
O :3I% AG *
4+/© 3 ;
k i"r \ W + 1 W
*&" ,N)*/ *]" ,Ar* +*
& 1 ;
O
4(]G W +,)0
:*© ,N*& * +* \* 3 <'* %*& ?/, i> ,
]0 :3 +/© 3

*P :f*U" ,<'* +L! &" 3 "L sq \ 8
'**
**P \**&W" ,+** 1** W Z)**0 \** _ aq** %**& ?**/,
4E0 2;7M !"
O
4+> ,& aU :78 AG *
%*& ?*/, ,a
* *U/& ~*&
R J *8"r f*0 (Q a& W / aU
4f/ %& Z)0 \ _ aq
*&" N)/ ]" ,a> :2;7M ,i"r \ W + 1 W :,& ,&
%& ?/, \)
P :i<" ,iq ]" 4(]G W +,)0
4+
F iq ! \ _ ^W
٢٨٩
\)*
P :fU" ,<' %& ?/, f&
W; \ 8 :a> +>
'**
**P \**&W" ,+** 1** W Z)**0 \** _ aq** %**& ?**/,
4E0 2;7M !"
O
Vr*A" , :(p §RQPO¦ :% M +I "
,(*/ *& *; 1<*SF U8 , :/ §PONMLK¦ :% M +I
4;"QM
O + "A I"
1* *]" ,m'* a*3 *A F * :`+
@ d}% {(; E *
O
*U 8 *A f* ,
8 I,' n i> A" ,n& i 07
O +/&
+*0 ;+*A *&"
O *;
O E*
7 :*0 ,;*
O " ,+A &"
O ; I 0 ,3
O
4Z/ ]"
8 %&
8 ! n& +
8 <

4+A &"
O ; I
4^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 I
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 ;
:*&
O ,N*& * +* \ 3 ^W %& ?/, i> , W6& :" &"
O
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ ]" 4i"r \ W + 1 W
%*& ?*/, \)
P :f" ,<' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 :A +A
I'*" ¨' a<>" ,"!8

0L a<> a<
& %; :< ;7M ;" ,+;,
aU/
*d *; aU/" 444! F <8 ,¤[ _ \cM 3 fW ;a< n0o aK I8
'*W; 3 \* ; 3 *" ,+U,*S * Vr*<8 * _ N* \* ; 3" , %/ fW" ,,
4+A
O O
:0 j)[ _ Z)/" ,h8
c ]" S N ]" +
F Z] " 444&
:¤*** ,Zq**7" , , :?**P , **
8< X**S" , :h**U h**] :**G0
4 :+;,
' ,N< :G0" ,
٢٩٠
_ aq* %*& ?*/, \)*
*P :f*U" ,\&8 h8 \ _ aq
* %*& *8 +*A *&"
O : !" ,+ 1 W Z)0 \
4U,I
(Q** **0"7
O m'** a**3 **A F ** :`
@ + d}% {(; E *
ÄÃ¦ :% M # 1I 0 1 8 %& Uc Z; ( ?W0 ( " ,UW
4
O Z)/8 , :7 §ÆÅ
:O A
R Q S jR S S R !
x
WR R P
P S S !
d m Q
#
P P Y:
Q S S
P S S d
P E P !S ]
P S d}
T P cS S (0S
S X S 60C
*[$9+ x P R A

S S P Q !
W
R
QP S S S !}
b 8 x R 8
S R E
x P WS : S S
P S S
:d}% h :(cV

@
: ?]" ,]>" \ W l[M ( f! F +/& 1 Z)0 Z;
O =
> :0 ,=
> ,F :\= : 5 + −
4+A +
7 ;
4+M ] :0 :(`0 5 + −h
4+ 7M V,!" 3 :0 3 \= ,aP

S 5 + −
?+* E*GW> V*7> \*] :*0 ,\*] :\*= ,DfI (m I#0)9 5 + −
]* Z)0" ,1 8 %& 3F \cM 3 d ;H" 2r@ Z)/ Z!" 0F"
:
9 J h8* +*0 ;f*3 %*& 1* a3 h8 h/;" , ;L 2r] U ?7,;
b*[; 9J
4+ E P" & H" 2r]
%*& 1*; \* 8 \*,I +

8 1 h7; :?]" ,Z)/ U
8 ^!; hP KK %F V
;
O * a**3 **<; " ,Z**
%**& **Uc Z**; ( ** " **
8 ** ¨,'** n6** I,'*
41 8
٢٩١
:h8 AG
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,UW ( \]
,iq* *]" (]*G *W +,)*0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W :m> V7>
,+**
F iq** **! \** _ ^**W %**& ?**/, \)**
**P :i**<"
4Ar +
& 1 i"r \ 8 1 W Z-0"

**P N**[ f**M :f**" ,<'** %**& ?**/, ~** \** 8 :W**> EGW>
4\&8 h8 \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
* m* *! \* _ '< %& ?/,
P fU" ,! i> f, +
4+,I
:O A
S Q P S S /
*[$G(4 R P RP R
P R S !
# t0L
w S P S S vQ R C
X : P R 0
S ;S /j T P 4S d}
Q P X%S
@
:JW h :GV
:1> KK _ , +&F" ,+/& 1 h8 Z;"
{Q*; 3 ?* *
pW F :\= ,70 9 t0L; D +
)9 J j :AB
4¡/U a]G/; b 8 E-" :VI 0 ,, 3F ]
\*&W fM" ,\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 \-" E-"
4h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
P
,Z*
7 *
WM ,N*& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, i> :fW 8
4
pW :F
,1* 8 %*& 1c* l*[M ( 2* f*! F m'* +*/& 1 Z)0 Z; +0 %F
;
4UW3" ,~ " ,Y
q" H" :\=
٢٩٢
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , b

P :a]" ,(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 sq \ 8 :G/; a]G/;
a
**" ,**7 +** 1** W Z)**0 \** _ aq** %**& ?**/, \)**
4h
4a Ar h! +0 ;" + 8 &" ,s8 co \&8 ¡/U
:O A
*[$S S +S f0
Q P R S P JWW
S P X S tw 0L
S P
S SR0P 9R R S vQ R C PRS
X :;S S /j
,I ] (W i
!
9 D + A= %8 A= ( '); j :FG
:?] H" 2r]"
e :0 ,I
( 5 + •
4+GW>8 +
& E/ F '
?U
8 E
- \] 7
J :0 ,I#0)9 5 + •
4U
& E8 M ] J :0 ,(`0 5 + •
k
J
4d)M 3 0 S 5 + •
:0 ,aP

4+ U, y J' :0 ,70 9 9 •
J
4+MI aA ; :0 ,]L •
D
4+7;6 e : J yF fW
\! J :0 ,L)% U •
4
27WM xr <
J :0 ,? 7)B •
4+P \! ; :0 ,A= !
W? 7)B •
4U
8 E
- \] 7
J :0 , 7' = > h8 3#0c
4] a3 h8

pW F 0 f3 l[M ( 1 a3 hI" F :V 17;
4Z)*/ ^
!M \= ,"c." ,h8 ^
!M h Z)/" h8 ! (/ ?6
' A
4 :hU h] :G0
٢٩٣
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , 7
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> :UW ( \]

*P f*" ,\*&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 %- E
-
m* "" ! :U
8" ,\&8 h8 \ _ ^W %& ?/, \) U
8
4, ¤c h8 \ _ 444E
- !" E
- *
:O A
P R Q
R @ R S R o
*[$ Q PS
S 9
Q P S S
Q P S !] P R S
P S S : Q
#
S ;S ! P P j S S
J
4 ' ]o; &7" E¡! :0 ,A
:HG

*P f*" ,\*&W f* +)*M3 <'* %*& ?*/, ~* \ 8 E¡!
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
: *&7 ,N*& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, i> :1 "" &7"
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ,
?*/,
P :]" q h8 &" ,s8 sq \ 8 :¥; ]o;
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ <' %&
**!" ,a** Ar** h*! +**0 ;"** +* 8 **&" s**8 \*&8 '
**&7"
**3 **" ,**, ¤**c h**8 \** _ **]o;
41> Z)0 \ _ ' ]o;
:*0 ,*U,I *

8 ]* \ ; 3 ( \ W
" +/
f! F +/& 1 h8 Z; +0 %F
;
4]
B" ,UW3" , H"
4 j :'> 4 ,_ /
٢٩٤
:7C b 8 d}% JW r :
@
* 1* a*3 m, F ,f' %& Z)/" h8 ;"
a*3 f?*! a*K ,n*& i* V* * f?!" ,, a & U 8 ¤c ,
8
4\ aK m'
\* W cQ*M" "*& *]" ,a* *7M */U8 ,+A "&" 2 I ; :G
4Z)/" h8 U! "& _ 8 ,
8 ! +7," ,+A ]"
:O A
R R R
R S R Q >

Q P S : PRS
*[$(L P S P S )
S X S Q #>8W x P 8
S ]L
S P Q :
@
W
P U S ;S /j
:JW {(; :C

@
\* W
*" +*/
\* ;
D 9 J a" ,f? m,';
D 9 J a F +/& \ a3 h8 ^!;
4+P ; :+= ,\p> +
& \c
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , ;
v
aq* %*& ?*/, \)*
P f" ,<' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 +P
\* _ aq* %*& ?*/, \)*
*P f*U" ,\*&8 h*8 \ _
4, ¤c h8 \ _ " ,+ 1 W Z)0
* %*" +*
8 ;*7M 3 *" ,*7 \* V* < 2/,)0 /0 ; h88
4 :& §_~}¦ :% M +I +/" ,;7
* ;
q Z-0 ]" c; \ 8 +/& cQM" H/! ]" a 7M 78
4h8 /] ^!8 fU m' a3 %&
*
8 * ¨,'* n6* a*3 m, F ]" ,f' %& Z)/" h8 +
8 ; %F
;
4, & @ ¤[
٢٩٥
:O A
R R W
*[${] P S S _
P S
Q P S S !P
W S R +Q W
S P {( SS {
P X S oX R(m
S S Q PX S
P S 3W J
,
B _ V" ,h8 ^
!M ]" ,+/& 1 <> [ a< %F V
;
*!; a* F :x ,*F444^
8 :+I" , 7' <> _ (Ar hP
B _ :x
4Z)/ Z!; 3" h8 Z!;
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻨـﺎﺯﻉ‬
٢٩٧
‫ﺑـــﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻨـﺎﺯﻉ‬
:#
;
@ _r%0
4N :=
,cQ* *>" 1* %*F *7 & +!; ] :(% 1:>? &
,\* W +,; <; I" , 8
O <; I \ " ,U/ \<
O <; 1 "
4
&/ %F ,'/ ( HI& %& 1 <;" ,\&W a 0
:(8r%0 A
:8
:(
# :8 −
h*7;
U* *W8 4
U*
D aG&" e : J :0 ,
&/ \A %F ,'/
J R D J \!
k : J
&/
W \A %F ,'/
W hI
J k D J ,\!
4aG&
:( 8# :8 −p
: C E*G&
*W8 4
/
'*W (*=
J E*!"D 9 J D :*0 ,
&/ \A %F ,'/
9 C D ,EG&
4E! 9 D J D
W \A %F ,'/
&W hI h7; (=
:(
# ( 8# :8 −s
%**F ,'**/ **
&W **I&" ,1" s**/ %**F ,'**/ **
W **I&
:
h*I h*7; |*/ *W8 4|*/
J D J y*;" H;
J :0 , < " ,y= s/
4y;C \ W %F ,'/
&W hI h7;" ,H; \ W %F ,'/
W
:?]" ,s/ "S ^qM n; 1c , j :'> 4 ,_ /
41 %& \ " 7; −
4;Ar 0<; −N
41 ,M U
8 <; − *!
4U& \ ; " ,
8)
8 0<; −
41 U/ \A Z; −*]
٢٩٨
:_r%0 /+
:
/A s/ / ,; m, "
4=A " ]" :_r%0 :AB
41 ]" ,(W _r%0 :FG
:( 8 _r%0 4
\*] */& %*" *] 1" < ,y= " 1" s/ \ M ¨WM ;
4+7 (), \] /& y=" ,+7,' 8<
1* m*
q* y*= ?*PM V*
& 1 _ 1" E&
D 8
O
*I ,*;L * I" *I ,*; * I" *I :*0 ,*=
0QM"
Ar
O *M" * !"
O
/=M" 8F
O
y**P" E*
J *P ,*O *; ?/**P" E*
J *P ,**/] H** I" E**I ,"**;L "** I"
: C yP" EP ,;;L
4/] ?/P" EP ,;;L
9 9D9C
" *c I" I :17/8 ,1" _ 1
P H y= E& F"
4m, 0 %& 444V;c EA"
J U!" ,;L
:O A
P
R R R P R S ! x P 3WR (`0 R S R S /j
PR
*s$! S S P I%
S Q P 4 W
S Q ]
PS P 8
! S S ) S S S P /:8
*$Y P Q S i
P S )+ P S C
P Q Q (m P S
@ 8 S 0
S P S Y
P S }
P ] R i+
S P ! S P%8R b+
P S
R G
S P S 3c X S
, :^;)** X**S" , :\

U'** X**S" , :h**U h**] : Q'** 2r**] **G0
4 :\
7& XS"
4 :hU h]
4cg " ]> \& >" 1 & +!M F +0 %F V
;
,1*
*" +*/
\)*W * " ,+7 y= 1&F "c
;), %F E
, r] _
;"
4
8< &! %F (SF ( :+I" ,1" 1&F

8< +
F Z] <& ]"
٢٩٩
R S 3WR !S I !8+ R
S R Q P S f0
*[$f0 P R S P S Y8r%;
Q S S SS S R(" S PQ R PSS

S S ]8 S P S b=S S SS R R S R (
P S
S S 08 P %
S S P 73
Q C
Q S /%C P QS
:(8r%0 _c+
V*8& :V*I *0" ,*UA 7'* *= *0 ,
* 8 &/ <; •
4m 1I aG M" ;oM
D a*G M ;o
,m* 1*I `
O V8& :0 ,7 O ]> <;" •
cg" , 8
,\*&8 a* 1" " ,m* 1*I 1* &/; aG M ,;o
O \<8
4\ 8 y="
*** 8 ,m*** 1**I ***G
O O *;o V**8& :***0 ,
7*** **0<;" •
**
47 ]" G "
O ,;o
O ] &/
:_r%0 (W J6 9
3" ,;!
8
3" ,2
B" i>
3" ,
8>
s/ h7; 3 •
42
B" !

9 D :*8 ,EK>" EI :0 ,7 1 h7; 3" •
1"¥* +* 1 W
4EI
*7 L* h* +*

& s*/ a*3
P _ cg \&
&/ > \& F +0 %F
;
41 "
q

?* *0<; *I" ,*;
O ;*7M" V*,> * E*,& :V*I *0 ,;) &/ <; I"
O *0<; *I" ,a* a*U !" */ },*P *; :VI 0 ,\
qWM
+*I *0 ,\* 8 a*" * 8
42* a;*A" r*> ; :0 ,
U,
9 D D C
W- 0<; I" , : I §pon¦ :% M
4 :^;) XS" ,
S> , :\
7& XS :G/;
٣٠٠
` EI :0 ,} 1 _ h7; 3" •
+* 1* W *
`& :**8 ,EK>"
&
4EI 1"¥
\*&8 (U* :**8 ,(U* E*G& E*G& :0 ,< W h7; 3" •
:& 1I _ \ W ?
s/M 3 Vr" ,
AM y=" ,1"¥
+** : : : D 9 *: \**
9 J *-0D J m
7 ** *c: H**
D *U
]"
D9D D
: *: ***" m**
+** : 9 H**
9 D D J *
7
D D *U
]D 9 D H** D9DD
D *U
U8
4?GW
AM U8 y= " ,HU
] 1" \ W a3 \&8 m
7 8
4^W %& ?/, ,
D J D %/ ~ \ 8 a HU
]
4^W %& ?/, ?GW
AM HU
]
4 q + 8 &" ,s8 %" HU
U \&8 m
7
:(6(]>; G+
4 :nU< §ëêéè¦ :% M 1I −
%*& ?*/, i*> , *;I */" ,*/ ir*> %*& ?/, \ 8 §è¦
_ ?*/, \)*
P & """ ,N& + \ 3 '<
Z)*0 \* _ <'* %*& ?*/,
*P :f*
" ,\*&8 h8 \
41" + 1 W
+***L! **&" −Z*** N**! _ h***I"− "L** sq*** \** 8 § é¦
40 2;7M !"
O '
P \&W" ,<'
,*< \* _ h
? " ,/ fU, +78"" V h/8 ,+
8 n[ E
, r]
V* _ h/* X)*; a*" :*
> * 1*I" ,s*/M +
8
E
,8 +
&" ,
A ~ %/ "
h*]" , :]* a* :*G/; 4s*/ * E
, r] Q ?W X- \ ,a] >
4 :^;) XS" , :
; , :hU
٣٠١
4¬8 * m "" ! §ê¦
−1" * ; a*d
8*< x %*&− y*M. * K + 1 W §ë¦

,y**= ** ; a**d ;
;)**, x %**& ¬**8 :*** +** 1** W"
O
,3* W 2*;M *U/ \*A *I
O _ ¬*8 ,y*M. s*/M 78 +
&"
4+
& +B8 I
O yM. :;78
4&
O 9 D ;
v A" NP :1 =A _ &/M
1= −
4^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 NP
,~* \* 8 :A ,N& + \ 3 ?/, i> , W6& :" A"
4^W %& ?/,
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 ;
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W &
O
O
,3* W "*& *" ,&*8
O *<; *; ;M A" ,NP \<8
* \*A
*P c´ /
&" ,U/ >"
O
;r] /
&Q8 ,]&/M I"
4

4/ f?';" /'; :/I −
, '*[ 1* 8 * +0 ;/ H,K + 8 &" ,s8 sq \ 8 /';
4\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P
/K3 n"
:f?'; ,N& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, i> , W6& :" f?';"
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 sq \ 8
,iq* *]" ,%/= +0 ;n + 8 &" ,s8 f?'; \&8 :/ /
4+
F iq ! \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P :i<"
٣٠٢
O
,3 / Z; U/ \A" f?';" ,'; \A s/M 1= r] _
f?* q*M n
A :\
I 8 ,1" _ 0P" (), \] x %& y= /&Q8
4Ar \,I P +
8 ¬'; r] F :N8 ?Ar; a"
u*
> ;+7* * *< %& 1= r] 8 ;A,& ;&" % :/I −
4 8< \] x %& ,1" /&" y= _ 0P
4fc n! a" yW! :& 1I −
: & """ , & "" :* +)M3 ,aq %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 yW!
, *;I :*/" ,\*&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
P
\)*
*P f*
" ,N*& + \ 3 '< %& ?/, i>
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ <' %& ?/,
:a*" 4N*& * +* \* 3 ^*W %& ?/, i> , W6& :" a"
&" a "L sq \ 8 :n! ,ZI" ?W0" L! i> n!
J
40 2;7M !"
O '
P \&W" , i> ir> +L!
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W fc
,f*c &8
O ;M yW!" ,fc n! a" fc yW! :\- 8
O * W **U/ **;M n**!"
3F **/ m**,; a**" ,n**! **]" **
c \** **/&Q8 43*
n**! a**" y**W! )**8 ,"** **]"
q** 2**/
&Q8 ,1" \** ]
**P
4fc
4 :^;)" , :yS " , :\

U' XS :_ E
, r] "
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮﻻﺕ‬
٣٠٣
‫ﺑــﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌــــﻮﻻﺕ‬
,+** 1** W" ,+**

8 1** W" ,m** 1** W" ,+** 1** W : '**c ?**]"
4+ 1 W"
‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬:‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‬
:#
;
+*! *
CDMJ 3" ,*
W0 O ,\*&W \* 8 +*
& h*I" f?*S %*& 1 a ]
O " ,*M,KF
4\ W (-
4H,K , HA" ,a7 E; :0 :ABW
\)*
*P f*" ,\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 E;
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/,
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W a7
4?W/ ," HA 3" ,a7 E; :0 :FG

,\*&W f* +)*M3 <'* %*& ?*/, ~ \ 8 :E; ,
80 : E;
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/,
k \)
P f"
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W a7
:A
Q#P
S
;
,+* 1* W =A %F ;
O \ W A F ,< _ + 1 W ; I -
4
W %F k DMD 78 , I"
O D E//|" ,]
O
7W
D E
& :0
* M I 4P"
O m
O EJ;9"
D ,
!
`

O E& :0 _" -
4\
&W KK %F
\)*
P f" ,\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 E&
٣٠٤
4h8 \ _ aq %& ?/,
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ 1" + 1 W

O
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ K + 1 W
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ uK + 1 W
!
`
: A
# C+
4^;-
B" ,^;- :'I + 1 W
:{} :9+
@
:q;
O 'I ]"
4]| a ]" + 1 W (
:*8 ,(
c ^8 :0 :il
4+A ,VA :VI 0 ,)
O <; F ]" :`
2*;F :*0" ,§UTSR¦ :%* M +*I *0 ,)*W/
O <; F"
4;
,*7 +* 1* W Z)*0 \ _ ,<' %& ?/, \)W/
P :;F ;F
4+
F iq ! \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
P i<
'
P \&W" ,(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 sq \ 8 , 0
40 :2;7M ,!"
O
:{} (m :(cV
@
:'I KK ]"
4U!
D E& :x ,U V0 E& :0 ,AZ } −
\)*
*P f*" ,\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 E&
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/,
,N*& * +* \* 3 ^*W %*& ?*/, i*> ,+,-0 ;) : V0
٣٠٥
k a Z)0 \ _ ?/, \)
P :i<"
4
_ +*
& E*c *" " ,(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c U
E**& :;**7" ,E**& :** +** 1** W Z)**0 \** _ )** \**;"QM
4U!
4UM V//| :0 , # Z −

*P :f*" ,
* W Z)*/; ,<'* %*& ?*/, ~* \* 8 :| V//|
?*/, \)
P :i<" ,\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
41" + 1 W Z)0 \ _ ^W %&
'
P \&W" ,(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 sq \ 8 UM
+* 1* W Z)0 \ _ UM
W " ,E0 :2;7M !"
O
4U
O V//| :;7" ,W "o ?]" ,K
4
E<' :0 ,M −
aq* %*& ?*/, \)*
P f" ,<' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 E<'
4\&8 h8 \ _
+*0 %*& *
` O "* a* :; ,p ! i> f,
N)*/ *GW

_ ^*W %*& ?*/, \)*
*P i*<" ,iq* ]" ,+ 1 W
4+
F iq ! \
,+* 1* W +*0 %& " Z)/

8 –
c – i> }7'; I" *
*/I *0 ,Z)*/ * +*- %F h!; U8 ,Y8[ sL0 %& N)/ %';"
:& 1I 0" ,; E<' :m' 1= _
JD**********>D O:F ?C**********D&D aJ**********<JJD AD J JMD a9*******D"D D;D******
*******! R * "D e*******JMD
٣٠٦
&* }7*Q8 ,;* "*M \- " ; "M :+I :+
8 ]"
4s' %& )7 r]" ,; Z)0" ,+'W/ \ W M" , i>
A
#
R$S Q R$S
1V1
) ! 1T +Z =1T #K
%[# Y\B" %#U' WN" % #UV WXB Y+"
:?
N *
%O#
P <"
&K! &K
Cj5!B
CU)! F)GB
, : **;/ ]** a** " , :h**U h**] , :\)**W X**S :_ E**
, "
4 :Z
, ?/"
٣٠٧
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨــﺎﺩﻯ‬
**7 \** W %**/ _ 1** W +**0 ;H3** W **P **/ (**/ 1"**/M
(=A h 2/ UG ;!"
O 7 \ W r]" 4V 0 " ,& " ,x0 :2;7M
– f**/ i"**> – i"** **> N** \** " ,f**0 )**I" ,1 **3
4+/& ~ A
:7%
;
47 " + ¢W & N/ Zp0 i 1,I Z6 ]
: % !8
,**!"
O q** \** 8 **] **/ _ Z)**/ \**& (**/ **U! **;
4
W %& N)/ /8
:3i 7% 5 +
O * **=A ?**]" : -
Q**A ; **7
7> **
, f**/ ?**]" ,N**, ?**]" ,3 *
4?]'" ap/A ,
, L/ _ ]" ,<>
O " ,V/&

O 0'0F
O x/M
,+*
& h*W *]" ,N"*/ f*/ l[M" , / _ 3F \ 'M 3 : -
42U|" :0 ,+/ h! " ,2&" :0
4\,I ; :0 ,Z;7 f0 _ \ 'M" :*+$ DfI -
4x f/ 1> _ \ 'M" :(i ,+ ,+ -
4 :\
7& " , :
; 3 ,\)W XS" , :V 3 ,\
U' XS
Wc aK ,U'W0 f/ i"> ] Z-/ F :\
I" ,)7 ]" x/ + Z)/ \& F :\
I"
O E'
; F :\
I" ,+
8
*" , :h*U h*] :fg 2r*] G0 4\ 8 a ?] 0F" ,8>
4 :
;
٣٠٨
:O A
*(SiS$ XVQ *S+S$ oSS *$S ,* R % R % R
P +S$S *S$ 7 X S P+S 7 X S %SQ PS
R K X SS *S$Q(PmSS *S$ P+S hPRcQ PSR *S$S 3Rc
X R fQPI
dP %0QP R ]P S S
:7% U4 Uo4

:%** M # 1**7A V**" **; 3F **7M 3 U8r**> **/&" ,f**/ ( ir**M **I
TSRQ¦ :%***** M +*****I" , :n*****;§ÁÀ¿¾¦
ir V A I" ,f3o] ;" ,n; ; :;7" , :(7, §U
4(/ m;8 / a h + /" ,\
I (S a h
,+*
,/M ( *<8 ,i*" \* WA */ *
B %& f/ ( \cM I" *
4
7 ; ;&
0 _ −
'< :x−
A N
C J ;" ,\,I ; :17M
: % C+
:
'I %F / a'7/;
O Z)/; ]" ,h
:AB *
:hP KK _ GW
@
4# ,& ; :\= ,W` / /+ −[
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,f0 ( ;
+*
F iq* a;*< a*3" ,iq ]" W N)/ / :,& # ,&
4('< 2! &" "
O ; :+=" ,2/ a; f?S + \)M ]" ,U` I(]2

;A @ / /+ −p
: J
4\UM ,! O ;" ,99D +7c
O 6
4 :\
U' XS
٣٠٩
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> f0 ( ;
4iq +
,S +0 ;(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ / 6
O
4 6
O :+& , W +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W ,!
O
4E0 :2;7M !"
O '
P \&W" ,<' %& ?/, , \ 8 \UM
:**8 ,x**
r**c *O *! **; :%**& 1**I **0 ,D }6 (m Dc / /+ −s
4 W N)/ / !
O
:O A
*[$WS:SR @
R 8 d}RcP I]2R
S P Q SP S WS`S S SS#P
S Q%P
Q S Q S
:/8c i ,3%] :FG *
: #
−[
*; :*0 ,+* h*8D9;J * %*& %*/,; *]" ,iq U
,S O
O 3" ,8q
]"
4\,I ?e&
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> f0 ( ;
;aq* %*& ?*/ *0F" ,Z)*0 \* _ aq %& ?/, a& W / ?&
e
4@ h8; +0
:
4
& ; :0"
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,f0 ( ;
?*/ *0F" ,Z)*0 \ _ ,%/= +0 ;n %& ?/, a& W /
&
4@ h8; +0 ;n %&
*
B (*<0 " iq* U
,*S
O O
" 8q* *A * ]" ,ic +,)0 Z; xr / %F
;
4</ W :+7 ]/& ?]" ,()7
٣١٠
4
& ; :0"
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> f0 ( ;
+*0 ;"* h*89;J +0 ;Z)0 \ _ " %& ?/, a& W /
&
4a Ar h!
:D }6 D% −
,*]8 *
* *8 )*I h* ,f*/ Z,' U&
S" U@F 1"L; ? ?]
J ; :0
h*8;J +*0 ;Z)*0 \* _ ,aq* %*& ?/, / :\! :*8 ,\,I \!
4"" ,n ," ;" ,! ; :_ 170 r<]" , q
:O A
*[$SIR8Q PS R
RWPS 3WR oRX b S8S SS#P
Q S S%
Q U Q RP S
S X
S
x S%R
*p$ SzQ 7 R SMPS SMP(QPS Sz% !S]PS PS%S S SS`RcP RcPS
x
R) QrS+S RcS
PIR;S 9S ( PR XS0SWPS X"Q xPrS :SPcSS
S P P
SR04Q PS T S8S SP 9R !RS P+S S S8S QP 9R !RS PS /PRj w`
X S
*s$S%(zQ " S \ Q 6SPR0)P QS XR cSzcQ @SR>"P S d R
P }cP R+S PQ" P S
4+ h8; %& %/,;J +08 ()7 (<0 " &

O W
O A F / %F
;
47 aq %& 2®/ DR!J f/ \,I
/,
` A F a3 %F V
;
Z>*- *U] ,*/ N*&F s*0 * ;*c.
&*0 %F – H
2r] _ – V
;
:7
a*" ,a*& %F iq n-" &
O W
O / <; ]" ,+8" +P ; :i4+
_ 1*= r*] _ *
8 ,*© 3
* * *; :V*I *0 ,\*-W *
" /
\)W;
4
:* &,M
O F ^W" aq %& f/, ; : A
=,)/
O +/;/M ;" ,q ]" +/;/M
8 V %F &S P QA / 0k F :FG
٣١١
: 0 7 bj U` %
\*<" ,Ar*M *F" 2®*; ir*M *F ,a<* f; %F iq / *
:+)[M <>
::m :c ,Y ~Wo4 :9+
@
:H K +
8"
*/ aq* %*& N
k f/, :n; §zy¦ :(fI +/" :B
J ;
\* _ aq %& ?/, ,N
e ; :;7" ,i"r f/ i>" ,iq
O 8P & +&703 ,Z)0
4%/ " GW
iq** **/ **]" ,**U
&
* D *B **;
O * **W f**7F" n** ir** :*
O ,7/ a< f;" ,(]G W N)/
4+
F iq 8"r W
:%* M +*I +*/" ,*U
&
:
O ('< f7F" , /A' f
ir :B ;
+,)*0 &" ,N)/ iq / ,& : :*8 :L §ih¦
O
*]U| * h*/ ,W
W[M 8"r a< f; \,I %& (7 W
O
**! \** _ **W
W[M **8"r f**
" , ,**/ **A \** 1**S
4 8P
:Y 5 :(cV

@
:q;
O H K +
8"
:\= =
:
J D C * J*****DD *****;D VD*****
9D&D D
9*****D"D
'**** ********UD
9D&D v********DD ********;D # JD********D
:+I y= " ,h8 h / 1= r]"
?*****I:"DD 9 VD*****9ID"D 9*****7DD ;`:*****&D *****;D E9******DID"D ?C******D:F ]DD9******-D E9DD******PD
٣١٢
:
9 *,& **; +**/" , /A'** f**
H**,K :3
iq** **/ **]" ,x* P :m
** h**/ ,a<** f**; \**,I ** %**& (**7 **8 +,)**0 **&" ,N)**/
4+
F iq f
" , ,/ A \ 1S ]U|
,N)**/ iq** **/ **]" ,x**,& **; +**/" ,f**
^**W :3 R
S :m
4+
F iq :f
" ,a< f; \,I %& (7 W +,)0 &"
O f
Z7/8 , 8 >W f
\,I ? ('< Z7 ::m
+= ,W
4{'> ; :U- :L §Ð¦ :% M +I
f*;" ,(]*G *W +,)0 &" ,N)/ iq / :M'> N&F"
O ,7/ a<
4 8P ! \ _ <' %& ?/,
P :W
:O A
R
R R (S R ` P R {?
P S Q /j P S P S
S ]8 P S
S ]8P S
S ]8P S ]8
P S ]

PS S X S %
@ S Q !

: 0 7 bj (W` + h+ 7c

:H & a< f; %F
8q " N f0 _ ;
:?] ,h H" −a< f; %F iq _− (Ar E'
:+&F" ,7; ~ + 7(W −0# − :~
S + −[
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> f0 ( ;
f*; \,I %& (7 W +,)0 &" ,iq +0 ;N)/ / E
D
4f U/& ~ a<
R + −p
:+&F" ,5C V ,7; ~ + 7( :+ −DC − :~
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,f0 ( ;
:
a< f; \,I %& (7 8 +,)0 &" ,N)/ iq / E
4('< f ,
٣١٣
4n " f :0 + −s
Y** **U / %**> ,^,**I (**
c " ,**
,I **]" 4f**
" f** :30 + −
4
;/
:O A
R
S S 9S
P # S P S ,X +Q S P S 3W
X 8S 0)
P S S P ( Q P S S C
S P Uo4 T P SS
T P S P {0W
*[$a8 P S R 0 S P
X ( R S P +
S S {0W P R S C
R
P P S
R Q S~
P S S *S~+
a8 X
R +S $ %
S S z 3WS
R
: 0 7( U` bj U` % 4

O * **A **cg a**3" ,**c. a** %**F 8q*
f**; %**F 8q* O * **/ **A F *
4 /A " >W U,=0 3F a< f; _ ; 8 ,a<
:U!" ?B _
8 ,?B B ; :IG
4 W ?B"
D ,< ?B −
:H h +
8
8 ,a& " , :iq A F 3F
C ; ,C ; :17
8 ,a
^8 h f
ir0 :bB
# 1*I +*/" ,a*&
4 :+6 §ihgf¦ :% M
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> f0 ( ;
4iq ]" W +,)0 &" ,N)/ /
Hf*! ?* *W *]U| h/ ,(7 ('< " +
F iq
O
4W
W[M O f
Z7
n E8r>" ,W
O
+*
8 f*
H*,KF Z*!" a<* f*; %*F 8q* */ A F +0 %F –

, _ – V
;
F +*0 %*F
*;" ,1 *3 (*=< *U/ f*
ir*8 ,a*& *" * _ 3F *>W " /A*
4 >W " /A U/& f Y; M ! f
E8r>
٣١٤
R ;" ,R J
4a& D ; :17
8 ,a
'A h f
irM :(cG
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,f0 ( ;
4iq ]" (]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ /
: UJ|J 9: hDD/D ,(7 ('< 2! &" ," +
F iq
1*S *]D R
O
4+
F iq W
W[M 8"r f
" ,iq ]" ,/ A \
4?R ; :\= ,a
h /A' f
E,=M :GG
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> f0 ( ;
4iq ]" ,(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ /
*]" ,f*
\,I %& (7 ('A &" ," +
F iq :k ?
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/, \)
P :f
" ,iq
4& O f
Z7M :

k ;" ,k ; :17
8 ,W
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,f0 ( ;
4iq +0 ;(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ /
O *,7/ f*
\*,I * %*& (*7 ('*< " +
F iq
f*
" ,*W
4+
F iq ! \ _ \)
P :W O ,7/
: % J ; 4+
,m'*/ n*&" *
, n& :+
&/ n " ,E / A ` h ?/ 0" *
4
& UA> _ U,I h,M d ;h:D
C : E9
DRJ I" 41," ,
A"
:O A
R S ~ R ]0P
P S S S
A T >8P S S
T (; PS
P S T
c P S Q P 7
AB P S P h
S S )B P R P 3W J
R S 8e Q S S
+*p/ *A> *<M " ,*
/,
` s*, *<; *
> Y* _ ; <"
,*W */ *0 V*" ,*
O *A *
8 HA m'; & W[
٣١٥
_" ,Z)*/ *] *U " ,aq* %*&
/,; d /; 78 ,()7 (</"
:? 1o' ; 2r]
?\ %& ?W %& + ,; ?+&, h h,; f?S x %&
*A F :y*=" 4)*/
O / A F :1" a'7 :
'I +'70
k i"
4
/,
` /
:@ }% % / j :AB C6 *
:<> + M ?W8 ,)/
O / A F
:
> _ Z)/ N!" :AB
@
4/,>- ' ; :VI 0 ,W` J 0 / j −+
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> f0 ( ;
*]" , '* f* * +*0 ;n* +,)*0 &" ,N)/ /
4iq
4(]G ('< &" " +
F iq '

*P :*0 ,iq* ]" , W +,)0 &" N)/ E 0 :Z>- /,>-
4+
F iq ! \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
4m;)"
D @ X J 0 / j −h
?& ; :\= ,*A+$ W

4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> f0 ( ;
4 ' f +0 ;n +,)0 &" ,N)/ iq /
4(]G ('< 2! &" ," +
F iq ?&
, **W6& ,N**& ** +** \** 3 ^**W %**& ?**/, i**> :"** m;)"
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ %& i :m;)
٣١٦
:
> _ aq %& h f/ N!" :FG
4?& ' ; :\= ,9
@ / j −+
4@&F m, ' ;
4aq %& ?/, 1 ?&
4c"
J ?& ; :\= ,*A+$ M
@ @
W>
/ j −h
4aq %& ?/, ,i :c
:(%]
% / j :FG C6 *
:<> + M _ !
/,
` / A F"
41
O O +,)0 Z; :AB
n
P hM \A ]" ,/ \ ,M
4"& Z>- ; ; :~
% AG
4# ,& ; ; :/(] >8 AG
4aUA a
M ; :(0 AG
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> f0 ( ;
4Z)0 \ _ aq %& ?/, / ;
4iq ]" ; \ ,M
O N)/ E 0 Z>-
4(]G ('< 2! &" " +
F iq "&
4
A"
, n& _ 17 rA"
O + 8 Z; :FG
4(S a ,U; ,U; hM ]" ,/ W ,M
*; ,*; J *; :*0 ,*W

J \*! O *A F +*P
e Z*
8 ,\7' / a<> _ 1," m'/ n&
: O
,# *,& * *; *; :*0 ,8q* A F ,+,)0 Z;" ,; ; :EI aq Z; A ,;"
J J
\!
4 :\
7& XS :G/; 4# ,&"
D ; ;"
:\*
7& * X*S :*G/; 4+,)*0 y* *!" ,+* 8 *,!" *U x E* 0 _ \
7& A
4
٣١٧
4( 2r] ;" ,\! r] ;" ,( U; ;" ,\! U; ; :\=
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,f0 ( ;
4+
,/ (p ]" ,aq %& ?/, / :x
k U;
()7 ?] d ;(]G q h8 &" , &8 ,x :* W- \!
4f/
,+* * ,M O h8 ,U! +
8 ; :HG
O Z)*/" ,*/ *W * ,M
:&0 ]"
%**F 8q** 7** f** _ **<;" ,A+ : /06 U` ~
% −+
:
4m[ '
D c ; :0 ,U
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,f0 ( ;
4Z)0 \ _ aq %& ?/, / c
4iq ]" ,+ ,M
O Z)/" ,c W ,M h8 +
8 ; E 0 '
4(]G ('< &" " +
F iq m[
,* 0
O *A f* −iq* U
,*S
O O
3" 8q
:x− #
@ / j −h
41* 07
O O
8 ,
n& ,
AM
O
4 G8 68 ; :~
% AG −
4²,/ > ; :/(] >8 AG −
4
!" ! /!
J ; :(0 AG −
4
<'"
78 ; :vC% >8 AG −
N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> f0 ( ;
4Z)0 \ _ aq %& ?/, / 68
4+ %& Z)/" , 68 W %& h8 +
8 ; E 0 G8
٣١٨
:+7 O
; m, %F"
R S QrSnSS ]}cS fRP+S AP+S / R `S `
*[$!P(S
P @ P Q P S Q U Q z X R JSR ;S
9SSS S 6@CScS !6R0SCPQS :S
S P S d
R R
P }cP R+S JPWSP YQS) SS
R (#RRW
R ISPS 6SCRcQ S AP+S h
*p$b6S0S%P JTWPSS /
Q S Q}PS PQS /PRjS
PWSR
P
S R SS JRWP
X R QfS PS P#S?R Q
PS AP+S hQ Q}PS ISw+SS
*s$ PS oSiS SCSR
Q +S
Q ?PSS PSS oRX ISw+S oSISw+SS
*$PWSR
P Q (#R ISQP;S /
S ~ Q S S /PRj P#S}
z 3WR x
nSS DS2SRj QS
:
> _ V" ,\7' / a<> h +
8 % ; :J
4\
c
; :\= ,9
@ / j −+
47'
` / A A aq %& ?/, ,
1 \
c
4# ,& ?&
e ; :+="
4+'W/ 7'
` / A A N)/
4\
c" ?& ; :\= ,1
O O
8 A F −N
Z!" " n¥ Z>)

B q / hM A F +0 %F E
, r] _ V
;
4"& Z>- ; ; :0 ,+,)0
h**8 :**U!" +**
8 **! m'**0 n**& **A" ,1 :** *07
O **8 *
O *W **A F h** %**F
**;
4Z)/"
+ 8 Z;" ,1 :* % 1- " ,(S a " , /! a 3F n-M 3 x %F
;
O
4y 8c U /&
a* \* ! F +* 8 Z*; E* / r*]" ,E* 0 %*F +*!
> _ x *0 (*S a %F
;
4+ 8 Z; -" \ ; 8 ,2 f/ -" (S
٣١٩
:5:
( r r 4 *
O * **W **/ **<M F
**<; :y**=" ,iq** **
B **<; :1" **8 ,8q*
O
:U!" +
W8 :1" ,+,)0 Z; 8q
:
_ Z)/" ,H
;
D ;
J ; ,W
O O 2;7M %& :` :AB
/
O
4?/& :;7 3 W " ,
n& " ,+p0 i> }7 / +0 %& y=
,H
* ; D ; :\- +0 %& V" :d}% :FG
D ; H
;
%**& i"r** _ n*c a**K ,+*
F iq** ir*> ,iq** */ +**0 %*& :x
:
;
:H)*8 ,(*
c ; ? ?] E8r> ? H
:+;,
1I
,+**
F iq**" 1" iq**
** **]/I" *O *; 0r**c a**K ,H
** **; **;
4+
& 1" 3 y= /8r8
4?,/!Q +
F iq" iq
)8
O +
8 Q :+
& C"
J *
4U
&
0= 3 , 8"r ?] %" H
F :¤ 1I"
*;" ,*0 +*
& y*= *3 1" * ir8 ,\
I" 0 r] Q :C"
J *
4;! w;[ HQ; a" ,
;[ n P ]
:O A
R x VS R R PSB S
P)S Q
P)S- RPcS 3RW
P };Q 9@X+S {P0SWPS X"QS /
d d
P }0S%PS .
٣٢٠
:W
O <; F" , 0
*F" ,m'*0 n*& *<; *F" ,3 O <; F h
:
n& <;
:j IW ,0
c
@ / /W −[
K
P! [[1 [,K3n5 k5 *+8) %! K
*3[n5 l[m k5 *+8) *! −
[[ :*[[EJ% d[[S I+[[uS +[O ,d&0[, /[o E ،P! [1

1L5
K %! ,S&5
q p+& *
/0% −1L5
K
x /`[[r U[[)I [[) :P%Y P[[A5
dJ+ Z.t
w Uv ) :dA5
.%f"
Z.[[t [[1! [[) :s[[A P[[A5
&`r
b

* ¨*8 3" ,C#% !60C % 4 W 9
@ J 0 / j −p
4
/,
` " )/
O s, <;
4# ,& < ;" ,?& ' ; :AB AG
4A
; ,\
c
; :FG AG
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> f0 ( ;
4aq %& ?/, /

4\7' / a<> rcQ; +0 ;aq %& ?/, 1 \
c
٣٢١
:<; F ]" ,vCc >8 / j −s
=B :; E Q ]
:E

^ +M ,=B :;
X
*[! +O , n. {| 68` d7 [[[1L5
K p+[[[& *+[[[8) *! −!
S&5
q }! 1L5
K p+& ,<+[[[:L /0[[[, /[[[uS
Uv%
w y" 1! ) :P%Y PA5 * z)U0% y" 1! ) : A5
w
[)% , [S7v% y[" ) :sA PA5% * [[S&5
q p+[[& *+[[8) *! −9
e U&"%
b y" ,/0[[[%
[[[ I+[[[uS
,8.[[%
w l[[n [[) :P+[[n
/0 %! 6k1
:<; 8
n& A F −
]
=B :;
X =B :_ ] V
/0%
dS I+o {| L&~
K d&0, /o
&
w U! ) :dA5 %f" /`r
b U)I ) :dA5
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> f0 ( ;

4aq %& ?/, / ;
"* +*
F iq "&" ,iq ]" N)/
n& :Z>- Z>-
4('< 2! &" "&
* ! a
*M *; :*0 −n* a*<> \*=− #} 4 (0 4 −
4
!"
:A+ b % J ; 4 −
,+*GW _ +* ,M (S " ,x A F 1Q % / hM"
4
S r] ;" ,a;< \! U; ; :0 ,W
O h A F
٣٢٢
:iq +," ,iq x ;h
J 0 4 −
444?c a a
; :\=" ,iq 444# ,& c ; :\= ,N& +<>"
4iq +
,S
,1 +*
8 * 3F U; " x n-M 3" ,A+ (W 9j D2e ) ? 9 −
4( 2r] ;" ,\! r] ;" ,( U; ;" ,\! U; ; :0
:O A
R S QrSnSS ]}cS fRP+S AP+S / R `S `
*[$!P(S
P @ P Q P S Q U Q z X R JSR ;S
*p$9SSS S 6@CScS !6R0SCPQS :S
S
P S d
R R
P }cP R+S JPWSP YQS) SS
R #RRW
R ISPS ( 6SCRcQ S .AP+S- h
b6S0S%PQ JTWPSS / S Q}PS PQS /PRjS
47
O " ,]|
O f/ i"> i 1,I Z6 ] :7%
4. ,
] ,; ,x , ," ,; :f/ i>
4¨
' V i ;" ; i"r 7;" f/ i> ir;
,iq* +
,*" ,iq* : *KK *]" N* :
'*I %*F / a'7/;
4()7
B (</"
4()7 (</" ,W a ]" :?/,
:a< f ; %F iq /
:
4B ; ,B
D ; ,B
J ; :H K +
W8 :f
i"r F •
O
Z*!" *" n*¥ Z>)* *
B 8q* A F q / hM %F E
, r] _
;
4+,)0
4W" 1 :* Z>) iq ]" ,+,)0" + 8 ; Ar iq %F (SF
٣٢٣
4B
D ; ,?D:B ; ,?B ; :q;
O H K +
W8 ©,K F" •
O f*
1* h" ,(Ar E' :H & +
8 " N f0 /& •
,f*M
: ; ,E
4? ; , ; ,E D ; :?]"
:a< f; %F iq %F iq / •
4?B
D B
D ;" ,?B B ; :?] +
8
:H h +
W8 ,a&
k ,k iq A F 3F
4CJ ; – 4?R ; − 4R ; − 4C ; −
: % J ; +
:
> _ +,)0 Z!" )/
O / A 8 *
O
48q A F −
O
41 :* 8 A F −
:
> _ 2®/ Z;"
O A F −
43
41
O O
8 A F −
:+!" +
8 !
/,
` A F" *
41 iq ]" ,Z)/ N!" −
4(S a ,U; ,x :hM ]" ,h8 N!" −
4W
O A F" ,1 :* 7 iq E / ]" ,U! +
8 ; −
:\7' / a<> rcQ; −
O A F -
43
41
O O
8 A F -

٣٢٤
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺧﻴﻢ‬
4\U F f? ac ,m
I"
" \
U' := (0
O
4j)[ +!" %& W
W[M a3 c. ir> :(% 1:>? &
,&*S q*; 3F −/ c. ir> ]"− f/ _ 3F <; 3 a
c"
4aUA _ +M=< f/ _ V A 0F"
*;D¦ :*I '* * F :+* \*
I +*0 *,& * & x"" , ;I
'M ?]"
4a
c & / \] \S A :178 :icL §1J
**/ \**] H**- Y** **] **/] a
**c D'C* >D xr** aUq** **;"
4i" Y m0 & a]L& h Z/M
:(0 2
,@ [
O <; 3 F" ,f [
O <; F +
cM ; xr /
O
*-c 6"*S O
6*S" ,+*
&/ */ a
*c *& 6"S (/ S I"
4f /
:3IW ,
nW
_ V*I *0 ,()*7 (*<0 *&
O *A f , 8 / <; −
**M 3 X**- **; :V7;)** V**I **0" ,**; **; :Z**/; _" ,n** ! **; :**W !
,Z>*-
J J ; :VI 0 ,()7
B (</ a
cM ^); 3" ,u
,[
*;" ,\*!
4+/
>"
O )7M 3 E/A F 4X- ; r8
4 j :
/ X,)
4 :N< :G0
٣٢٥
*6WD *; :\*= _ a
*c ^)*; *8 ;"*
O O
K'* */ <; 3 −
4U
c a68 ; :0 ,+
cM ! +
& c E8r> 8 4U
c
V*" ;2W !" :0 ,N"/ ac; 8 :N"/
B / <; −
4V _/; a
c" ,hW U| H- +. %F b; N"/
*&" ,# *,& :*0 ,iq* acCD*;J *8 :iq* *
B / <; −
,iq** a
c**M **
8< **!" ,
;)**, Z]r** iq** **/ a
c**M
:& 17 " ,+
F iq c. _ ir <;"
Z*****
z
:
J8D *****
: 2&J9
***** (zC***>J :***9 \e***<J8D 9*** J,9MD 3D "D9***&J ***DD
J ?*****& D J D D
**/& Lp*! **]" ( */ +**
F n
*P * L**& ir*8 ("**& * \*- 8
4;), + /"
8<
}Q*M :*0 x/ Z
A acCD;J 8 ,;/F
` ,
AM
O ZA
B <; −
J 9 D *; :1*7M ,2L*& ir* ?!L ZA a
cM ;" 420 ¨" ,`SD
_ ,\*
4V,
:70 M % ?L
O
: -c 6"S + f A 78 f
O / A F
:& 1I 0 07 O A F ' a

cM i"c !
1J******* : : *******:
D *******; aJUJ9/*********:
z *********D/ *********0D *********CAJ
D *******;D *******D/9IJ # a
D D J D D
4S " ("P ]" , +
8" + ' ac u
> 1 J ; :+I _ ]8
_ +;,
* *A *I" ,:^;)* X*S" , :V'* ^*P" N*A _ E*
, r] "
acM 3" :q;O 1I" ,n-" _ <; 3" ,+
F iq _ <; 3 a
c a&" :ac S
*8 , ' +& ;N"/ acM 3" ,+
F iq L/ +0 ;"
O O
A F + K'
^*P" :"* 2r*] *G0" , :N*< :*G0 ,a
*c ir* h +
& ; a 8r>
. :
8< XS" , :^;) XS" , :V'
٣٢٦
4()7
B (</ a
cM ^); 3" ,Z/;" ,W ! :\= , 8
@ / /+ −
%*& ?7
c i +/ ir> 8 ,U4+ V:V G+ b 8 / /+ −
:*0 a
c*M ^)*; 8 ,< a3 _ <; \I ?]" ,i> KK
4i> KK d ;Z! ,
3" ,* ; a
cM ^); 8 ,W
O <; Q ,` b 8 (%]
/ /+ −
4" ;
:70 0L % (;
O
*
B (<0 +0A /] ¨6 )7; 3" ,7 +
cM ^-
k f a3 ac F
:\*= ,Ar* *&
O , *68 :\= :u0o &
O A f )7 \ ,()7
,i*> * * \*I *<; , *I0 *; , ;! ; :\= ,()7 (<0 ,(L>
4a68 ; : 68 a
cM _ 170
:O A
*[$ R R P oR4 (R;S
S
S)Q 8S S P(
S W ,
S)Q (SS S S%
Q S U P @ P
*p$SzQ PS oRXS ,I
S R HS cz+Q S !zQ 3RW 6@ S>PQ QcPrSzSS
RR R R R
*s$:SS PS I S YoiS P S ( S P;S :SkQ4 P S Q
PS YQPWzS ISWoPSR
PR0Q
x %S)Rj xWS"SRj /
P S S Q P S
SP \QPWS SWS 3X8 R 9XRj
Sw
:V*I 0 ,f/ _ a< c" ir> +0" ,a

c n; M %F – E
, r] _ – V
;
4 ; :_ ,
a&
B 68 0 & O
O A f ,7 +
cM ! f [
O A F a3 %F
;
4 ;! 0
ac*; 3 +*0 Ar*8 ,f* * a3 ]" ,y= a'7 %F – +
; xr" – E
, r] _
;
8*PF *,A
O *<; 3 :u*=" ,*&O *<; :y*=" ,
&
` <; :]> :"S K= 3F
4/F
O 3"
٣٢٧
:
h8j
: ac N&
* \*
8 ,i*> +*/ ir*; a* +*0 *,& %*& ND* 9;J ,G/; 3 −
4> ;" ,W ! ; :_ ,>
J ;" ,n !
J ; :17/8 ,aq %& f/, +7';
:170444u
,[ Z>)M 3 n ! ; :0 N&
4N& + \ 3 ,<' %& ?/, i> ,f0 ( ;
4a
c f/, K> q 2r]" ,aq %& ?/, / n !
4N**& ** +** \** 3 <'** %**& ?**/, i**> **
]0 :3 Z>)M 3
L** **&" , **
]/ 3 ** "L** sq** \** 8 :Z>)**M
4E0 :2;7M !"
O '
P \&W" ,<'
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W u
,[
fW ] ]c. - < 2r] QA :x ,G/; 3 2r] %'M"
4ir> /]M" ¡
S
O ir; a +0Q<8 ,W !
\*,I +*
& *A %& ir ac c. %7,; ?]" ,k0% = −p
* 2r*]" ,i"r i >0 /0QA" ,('A " , 8 " , P ir
4US ?]
4^W aD>9D ; :17; ,> ; :+="
*U
8 J*
CD;J *8 ,ir* * *< * ?*7 */& n*I *G03 )7
8
4\© 3 a>
D ; :;7M
O ,! +0QA U/ ir> ;f?S
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,f0 ( ;
\* _ a
*c *8"r 1* %*& aq %& ?/, ,ac / a>
D
4Z)0
٣٢٨
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,
]0 :3 \© 3

**P \*&W" ,<'* +**L! *&" ,3 * "L** sq* \* 8
4E0 :2;7M !"
O '
:O A
P R+Q (
*[$ R WR R
S !PR
P0S)P 3S R ]PWS
S U P oR4Q S −U x oP4 S
− ~
S P S S PScS /PRjS
*p$Sz;Q
@" R R /
P S Rq S S PS @ oQPS RP%;S PS /PRj Q P
S
SS W P S
*s$(SR 3RcG
X b S8S 3RVS SS QVS R
S QVS 3W ARXSBP b S8S !P6QWS
S
*$PS SCPSS 3RW R (PISPSP rRzSS PS RCPQS 3WR ASXSBP RfR0SPS
:Uo C+
:'I KK %& a
c i"r
4/= A Z ]" ,4
@ @ Uo / /+ −[
W4
:
c i \,I D9;J <" ,(W4 / /+ −p
E'*

*- n* ;*[ *0 _ ^)*; *8 ,*p
O 8>O <; −
4[ ; :170 8 ,(p
%*& %*7,; +*08 ,i"r* x*0" ir*> * F :bB :* +*
8 ac* %*F V
;
4a
c \,I A A +A>
\*
8 ,C*D/;J 3" *
c i* ir; :?]" a
c _
0= %F −E
, r] _−
;
4aq %& %D/,9
8J ,a3 c. ] A A
c i
3 * * %*&" , /A* "* *K *; :170 G/; % 8 ;K A _
%F
;
4('A q" f; " Z7 ?K ; :170 G/;
,i* *G/; * * %*& +
cM Z!" u
0Q f [ O A F a3 %F V
;
4u0o Ar ,; ¡ G/; 3 %& +
cM ; 3" ,a' ; : ' _ 17/8
٣٢٩
4l/
J ; :U
cM _ 17M ,)/ :0 ,
` <; −N
4O/A <; −*!
,
8> +,I ;
; :_ ^); 8 ,UI8 8 i> KK +,I <; −
4? ; :170 8
: (W ~ 0 AG *
U,I" , /A" " (p ?]" ,
c i \,I n 8 */ )$
*; :1*7; ,)*/ *; :Vr*A" 4a* D ; :17/8 ,
8 ir>
8 ,i> KK
4V' : ; :17; Vr ?DRJ
<' ; :VrA" 4l/ J
:O A
:SzSQ %@R)S @%(PS
S rR /PRj :S;S oRX U
R oR4 RR9S J
P S SS
*[$3#RQ {
T 0PWS SIRR
x x
7 3WR
Q PL R }WS @
+S
Q S ,@8
SS S S SSP
:*0 ,*
!L
` *,
AM
O Z*A _ V*" ,I)+ Uo / /+ −s
4Z
; :170 ,+;,
; :VrA" ,x ; :a
c _ 17/8 ,NA x
:O A
*p$!P6ScS TP8S SS ,x SPQ ( R
Q P;S x XSQ PR U
!PSS ,d P oR4
P fSMQ
SPS
:EW :h8j *
:U!" +
8
C / :a68
f* %*& aq %& ?/, ,ac D ; :170 ,k0% = b 8 −
4Z)0 \ _ a
c 8"r
h* *p

c i \,I A F V" ,8> ac ir; I +0 %F V
;
4[ _ A
ir> L; a

B " h 3" p
B A 8 ,&)8
O
x* _ 1*70 ,L* ir* V* *<;" ,?*!L Z*A a
c*M %*F −E*
, r] _ −
;
4x ; :NA
٣٣٠
\ _ aq %& ?/, ,ac / :a68
J ; :170 ,k0% 9 = b 8 −p
4Z)0
O
4W
W[M j)[ +!" %& a3 c. ir> :(0
:(0 2
4()7 (<0 " ,&
O : 8 / <; −
4"
O O
K' / <; 3 −
4N"/
B / <; −
4iq
B <; −
4;/F
` ,
OAM ZA
B <; −
O
47 +
cM ^- ,f [
O / A F" •
O
:c 6"S + f S 78 &
O f
O A F" •
4&
O <; −
4i> KK =A %& <; −
4aq %&
/,
` <; −
: ac _ •
4G/; −
4G/; 3 −N
:'I KK %& a
c i"r"
4>"
O O i"r <; −
8>
" ,A* \ p i> U/
c \,I ,
8> i"r <; −
4i> KK +,I <;
4U A i"r <; −
٣٣١
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﺎﺛﺔ‬
:
;
4 7 h8 %&
:;J " ,(S l R x0 a \A ] :=0C
D [

:V=0)9 /+
:?] ,A KK K3 N <;
4(Ar <M 3" ,]
B U
8 \ '; 3" ,; ?]" ,f/ ( −
^*W %*& *
/,
*- * "*
O <;" ,+ ' " ,' −
: *:8"
h*I h*I" */ ;'* h* * E D J ,ZB _ !"
O
4V" ,+ :\= ,q h ^WM " ,q
4'< %&
/,
- "
O <;" ,+ ' −s
:/9 V=0)9 h )+ 3#W ,O b 8 •
J 3 :bB
40A A ,( l[
/ ]" ,+ '
C
4l[;"
+
& /; xr ]" ,+ 'J 3 :(cG
4# ; & x ,
' # ; :AG
4+ '
J %& c ?]" ,('<8
' /I _ "
:O A
*p$bS`;SPQ PS (SS 4 X R
@ 0Q#PS R: `S#RQ S =R0Q)P SRj
@ %SQ T)P H(
:=0C b 8 >

4<M 3 " ,; <M 8 ,c. ' ' %& n& F
4 j ,_ /

4 >W ; + ' %F (SF +
8
٣٣٢
X)*D *;" ,*[D *; :1*7/8 ,i* 3 ^*8 L* *; H*<M 8 :9+
@
4
' ;
X): " [D ; :178 ,i 3 H'A ; <M a" EW& F :(cV
@
4
' ;
:O A
*[$(SR0P RCP
S PR S RS S)R 3WRS
O R >Q
J {0SWP
*S$ 5SPXS /PRj U P S S S P S
4G o ; :h8 c

4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, , K" f0 i> ;
:o*" ,N*& * +* \ 3 ^W %& ?/, ! i> : o
4x0 :2;7M i"r \ W Z)0 \ _ , " a
:*G ,N& + \ 3 ,'< %& ?/, ! i> : G
***" ,(]***G ('***< 2***! ***&" ,*** *** "*** a***
4f/ i m ""
:V=0): / / )+

B " , & P& v : D ' c. mM :i4+
O ;/M
B n
4 m,'M
4
'
PI
O ; :G
* h*/ ,*7 aq* %*& ?*/, −()7 (<0− ' /
PI
O
,Z)*0 \* _ *]" ,n* Z*/M *A \* 1S 2U|
4i"r i> & ~& n "
.; <M a F '<M" ,+

& c E8 ' %& i h ; HA F
٣٣٣
4" ;
O ; :+="
:O A
P R+Q d
*[$ x Mw
S;S Q T)P Q QGPRS P R+S ~
S =R0Q)P S Q9SS
P ]SS8S H(
%* 9;J r*¡/
>" ,n* +7M 3" +" _ ' %& \cM 3 :FG
4" ;
J ; :178 ,/ A m';
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,f0 ( ;
4Z)0 \ _ aq %& ?/, ,' / ;
&" ," a :"&" ,N& + \ 3 ! i> : "
4f/ i m ,"" " ,(]G ('< 2!
4
G
' W
c ; :170"
N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,f0 ( ;
**W +,)**0 **&" ,iq** +**0 ;N)**/ '** **/ W
c
Ar* h*! +*0 ;f*
"* +*
F iq :
'" ,(]G
'
4a
2**! **&" ,** "** a** :
*G ,**! i**> :**
G
4a Ar h! +0 ;f

'* \*=" ,a*3 *c. _ nQ* *U/& Y;* " '* 3 ir*> *! %*F (SF +
8
*; :*0 ,nQ* *U/& Y;* " ,U8r> ;" , >W
8 ,
] ; :0 ,+/ Z
4;L ,&
O
4 :V' ^P"" , :^;) XS :G0
٣٣٤
‫ﺑﺔﹸ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬
:I#
;
*/ N*Q8 +*
&" ,*; " " ** +*/ h*! " +*
& h*W f0 ?]
:; \ ';
%*& h*WM E*0Q8 ,* *; " ,2*" :\*= ,+*
& h*W f*0 :AB
4+
& L U:G9MJ :x ,
,2*U|" :Vr*A" ,V h!M E0Q8 ,2" :\= ,+/ h! :FG
42!"
%'**; −+**/ h**! " ,+**
& h**W :x – N** r**] _ **/" *
4N"/
: % a=
**& L** " ,+**
] *U|F" ,N"**/ **G *& **/ ** ~*"
4+ 1>
: % /+
:] ,
/A %& / N L<M;
4f/ ( −
4N"/ −
:7% D + :9+
@
:8> 3F / _ \ '; 3"
***/ ***
B %***& \c***; 3" , ***/ l***[ +***0 ;\***- ***]" " −
4N"/
٣٣٥
* * ,\*
I + *" ,f*/ l*[ +*0 ;\*- *
B ]" ; −N
: ,9
4 / N %& /;7 !" h C
:O A
R K X SS *S$ Q(PmSS *$ P+S hPRcQ PSR *S$S 3Rc
X R fQPI
*p$d P R ]P
P %0Q S S S
:h% :(cV
@
:+!" KK N"/ /
O **/
**- %**& **<; :AB
,**/ N**&F N**
8 ,* M
,*/ h* N"*/ ,; 3 %> / " : 2r] _ \ 'M Z;"
4?&
e " :178
4N& + \ 3 ,<' %& ?/, 0" f0 i> "
,i"r* \* W Z)*0 \* _ aq* %*& ?*/, ,a*& N"/ / ?&
k
4x0 " N0 :2;7M
4N -0" :iq N"/ _ 17M" *

4N& + \ 3 ,<' %& ?/, 0" f0 i> "
(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ iq N"/ / -0
4(]G ('< 2! &" " +
F iq N
4?/
&" :a< f; %F iq N"/ _ 17M" *
h*] 4*; +* * VMq*" ; +

O N/M QA ,; " " E/
M , o; a 8
4 :hU
*8 , ,* * */& *; ['*M *I" ," +* ['*; N"/ / %F (SF E
, _
4" E/
M ,
4 j ,_ /
٣٣٦
N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, 0" f0 i> "
* h*/ ,(*7 *W +,)0 &" ,N)/ ,N"/ / :
& ?/
&
*! \* _ ?*/,
*P :f*
" ,iq* ]" ,/ A> ]U|
4+
F iq
4,A " :17M ,h! " hW
AQ (pL n a[; :FG
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, , 0" f0 i> "
%*& (]*G *W +,)*0 *&" ,N)*/ ,iq* N"*/ / ,A
4 / n :n " ,x,A " :\- " ,2c.
O *S **=A " U**S **]" :HG
n * N"**/ a**[; **]" ,&
*
42& " :178 ,E<' f]" (pL
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, , 0" f0 i> "
1*S 2U| h/ 7 aq %& ?/, ,N"/ / :& 2&
%**& ?**/, i**> , **/ n** :n** , ,**/ **A \**
?*/, i*> ,E<'* f*] :f*U" ,N*& + \ 3 <'
4N& + \ 3 <' %&
:O A
UP oR4Q IS SGPR /
S S /PRj iSw Q0PS P RSBP R Q P ?R hR Q P%S b IS0S%PQS
*[$!P SSBP ~S PRc iSR(PmS P+S x S?R PR !PSS RR oRX Q R%P;S u
S oSS
*p$CSR 9S xiPSR {Q0P#SP RQS /PRj CScRMSQ RRP+S @0P4S !SP
X S
O a3 c. A 8 ,n +7M N"/ / c. %F (SF

, _
,%* _ *A *W
4L ¡ W> " :0 ,ir; ;/ rA" , / /
7" ]/8r>
4>W
O A F +> %& %7,;" ,n Z/ >W
O <; a F N"/ c. ^8 %F (SF
٣٣٧
x P) 7i rR #@R
*[$ PfR;S 9S I S WS nPS;S /PRjS
S S X PR;Q /PRj ~ S S S P S S
:h% 2
: 8 <; N"/ a3 _ ;"
E<'* f*]" */ n mM rp/&" ,?& ,c :0 ,W
O O <; •
&
42c " :178 , A
O
*c. E<'* f]" / n mM rp/&" ,-/ ,& :\= ,8q &"
O •
42-/ ,& " :178 ,+
F iq
f*]" / n +7" f
E8r> ,x,A :\= ,a< f; %F iq " •
42,A " :178 ,E<'
*;" :1*7M *8 ,i*- N"*/ E<'* f]" / n mM 3" •
4(/ I V !" ,2W;G
;M E0" ,2! " :17M 8 ,+8 M 3 N/M n
A F ;(</ N/M 3" •
QA +/ !
O (<0 N"/ A F ,+
& hW +8 M 3 \! N0
Vr*A" ,?*! " \*- *A F 2*! " :1*78 ,*U! ( N/M
4?,
) " :U- ,2,
) " :VI
42r]" :170 8 ,(S aA aU, N/; 3" •
:O A
*$SIRP +Q S 9SS h
P S%P PS SzcQ
Q x QP%SR !P
S
SS h R
S S%Q P S
P
4n %W<9;J I" ,E<' f] +7M ! N"/ %& nI" F
4 :\
U' XS :G/; 4 0; 2!" ,+;,
" \
[ V h/
4 :
8< :G0
41- a3" ,(S fQA ;aU, a3" ,(</ ]" ,+0 ; 3 %F (SF
٣٣٨
42r" :17M 8 ,1 :* i 1- a3 ND9/;J 3" •
9*"
D :1*78 , ) U
O 1
c
O 1- a3 A F
42DLD9D D¡9: DWD>D
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, 0" f0 i> "
\* W Z)*0 \* _ ,<'* %& ?/, ,N"/ / 1- a
4N0 " x0 :2;7M i"r
z
4] :2;7M '
P \&W" ,^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 DWD>D
:L**" ,iq** **]" **W +,)**0 **&" ,N)**/ +** 1** W :**¡ ¡
1*S *]U| * h*/ (*7 ('A &" ," +
F iq 2L
1- - L ¡ W> : !" ,n¥ ,/ A \
4E<' f] fU" , / :n " ,N& U \ 3
:O A
*p$P#S4S PS S 3 R *xfSPrS SPR $ :S
S PIS0S2P oRXR A
Q ?QP
S hQSP%QS
,2*" :\= ,; " " :* +/ h! " ,+
& hW f0 ?] : %
42I"
4+
]" N"/ G& U|F : / ~
:i /% %
4 , /& ; " ,\- ?]" " :?]" ( −
4 :_ /

{Q*8 ,2*L *¡ *WD>D * " :*0 , )* * U* 1- a3 N0 ! %F (SF
4 ) ! c. _ fU" n
٣٣٩
4( ]" N"/ −
:V:V h% +
4
J " :0 ,/ (- −
4 " :0 ,(p nQ a[; −
42 " :0 ,E<' f]" (p nQ a[; −
, *U, f* 3" ,(*</ N*/M *8 , 8 <; N"/ _ ;"
41- a3" ,(S f :0

٣٤٠
‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻖ‬:‫ﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧ‬
:(C0 d])
" 1* W a* +*
& ¨)*; xr ] +0 ;Vr m 1 W ?
O
" }*78 3* W +* ?*/ 0 m* :*/78 ,H3* W p* \*= ! i D
C7D;J
1* W" ,+* 1* W" ,+*
8 1 W" ,+ 1 W \= ,20" ! i 2
7M
4+
:#
;
42& " +&/ 0

O " ,+
AM
O Z):D9/;D xr +/& N
D 0D " ) ]
4"S + 8 +
&"
:E2
:?]" ,m 1 W "S / ^qM n; 1c
4{Q
A ,+/& N/; " )
O <; −
O
V*A :\*= ,*7 O
3* W %C'D*;J 3 q*8 *
B A 8 , q8 <; −

* +/< ,+GW \& +
& } ) –
0= – A :*8 ,'> A
O
4 q8
+0 ;7 O
3 W
:\*= ,2*/ \& " ,P
O ?/P :\= ,+GW \& +
& }'; −
4>" %/ 7" ; I
O E'!
:h8j c
4 :f'/ §lkji¦ :% M 1I
4^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 aA
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 a;< a3 #
٣٤١
**]U| ** h**/ (**7 **W +,)**0 **&" ,N)**/ +** 1** W %
k
4r
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ m 1 W
<M
O
4!
O H I
J :17M" −
4\&8" \ 8 H I
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ m 1 W Zp0 !
O
:} 8 h%
: *8D:&J I" ,) ] m 1 W /8&
(*
=A *
& H3 * E
*& N*/M *dF :*U/& *I ,*c *A *0F" ,)*
O m* 1 W U
8

:?] ]US" ,m 1 W U
>) ,)
:
! −
1** W **] \**- _ **A )** r**]" ,)** %**F iq**M **
4 :f'/ §nmlk¦ :% M # 1I \= ,m
3 ** "L** sq** \** 8 :**
M , **! **
]0 :3 § l k ¦
4 & "" \&W" ,/ ir> +L! &"
, *W +,)*0 *&" ,N)*/ m* 1* W Zp0 :\A §nm¦
4('< 2! &" " +
F iq \
" ,iq
a* :] ) a" 4S O \A :\= ,\ W %& x a ] )
O NS" ,A
+*A :*0 ,)* i"*> *& l7/*M +*8"> <" ,) +
& 1; xr %& 1;
:V'** ^**P" :**G0 4 :X**0 §ponml¦ :%** M +**I" ,**A
O
4i)
٣٤٢
:
−p
4 :/ §fed¦ :% M # 1I \=
""" , **& "** +)**M3 aq** %**& ?**/, ** \** 8 :"**! a]"!
4+ 1 W :a]" ,\&8 &
m +0 ;f
+,)0 &" ,N)/ m 1 W & Zp0
0K
4a' Ar h
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ L
M (!
E'**

0**= h** a]"**! ** m** 1** W Z**p0
0**K ***8
4) %F 8q d ;) & E0 d 3F ,)
O
:0 −s
4)& O
O " 6 l EP :\=
f**" ,\**&W f** +)**M3 <'** %**& ?**/, ~** \** 8 N**P EP
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
P
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W l
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ m 1 W & Zp0 O
6
:W −
O E>8 :\=
43r!
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ ,m 1 W & Zp0 O
3r!
:0#? −
4 :NL> §ÑÐÏ¦ :% M # 1I 0
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ ,m 1 W & Zp0
=A
O
٣٤٣
:( 8
(` −
4 :(p §hgfedc¦ :% M +I :\=
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ ,m 1 W r&
O
\*&W" ,(]*G q* +* 8 *&" ,s*8 sq* \ 8 :Nr& +r&
_ aq* %& ?/, \)
P fU" ,0 2;7M !"
O '
P
4m 1 W & Zp0 Z)0 \
:(j D2e −
4XW V XW8 Q,/ +& :\=
4] :2;7M ,!
O '
P \&W" ,^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 X8
1** W **& Z**p0 ,Z)**0 \** _ ,^**W %**& ?**/, (**SF a** V
41 XW" ,m XW
:8c −
4 "] /
:0
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ ,m 1 W & Zp0 "]
:I0 G+ *I ,+ ,$ : I#0)9 5 + −

4m 1 W & E0 u
> ?E 8 \ 8 x :%/ ?E 8 −
?E
- (- x −
4Z6 ZM U −
4 M x −
O
47 O
3 W Hf!" ,) & E0 U" ,x" , \<8
٣٤٤
:O A
P S S 1W
*[$AoM R !
R S P S z M R S
X Q X M A R S %8
P S ( 8 P SS
P S S Q P S h%
Q Q S
:l
**] \** :(*7, §®¬«¦ :%** M +*I m** 1* W **
*
41>
:v > A
# am+
:?] KK ~B m 1 W {Q;
:!
# (; −[
:+*****78 :f'****/ §lkji¦ :%***** M # 1****I :\****=
)* *A " §kji¦ :\
I 8 ,aA \ W
AQM §l¦

*< Y* \*P V* h*" , *7
7> <; a % # a
<M aUq G
,# pI y 444%/ < F :1I aU/" ,< mc # F :78
4H-" i a<M +0F 3
3" ,n***-; 3" ,h***; 3" ,m*** 1*** W %***/=; 3 *** 2r***] _" *
4iq;
:0(i !
# _c /( −p
,iq* 3" i*- *
B *U, O
O A F
A 3 W h7; )8
1*I ,s*/
]
A %/ %& %; c. %/ + - n
P " n-" 8
4 :a; §HGFED¦ :% M
O
Y " \A :0 +
& 1; \A :]" 7 O
3 W hI ) & N/; %F (SF E
, _
4Ar \ W i \ W ) 0" ,) %F
8q
٣٤٥
*/] \* ,*
A * 3 +*0 */8& n*-" /& +/< ,m 1 W : 8
4 s0 ;M ] jc %/
D \& :\= : 8P VrA" −
4
) \&

**P \**&W" ,(]**G q** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 sq** \** 8 \&
40 :2;7M !"
O '
4iq ]" ,(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ m 1 W \&
4a Ar h! +0 ;f
2! &" " +
F iq
)
:_% oi
§dcb¦ :%* M +*I *0 ,+&0 EWc F + !" +
/=M ;
4"
R :
a]W ?:MDfI
D HI :VI" , :NL>
:!
# _ 5 8 /( −
4cg hP _
−q;
O – %; hP _ s/
%; A"
z
4HP O EP :AG
+P" ,
P ;
4+ !" +
/=M ; s/ r]"
:O A
P S S R ()
*[$2 S P S (;() Q PR S
R P S S P S 5C P S 8S +P S (
Q R]Q 8c
@ P S P
@ (;R S
P
P S S Y S S +S x R S R
S R W+
*p$ Q S (mP S J
P
S P S
z V SS P 4Wz S S (0P SS
:v > A
# & !

:?] f
S +/& N/; I" ,\ W ] m 1 W _ \ \-
4
," ,s/
," ,+ Ao :?]" m 1 W s0 %F (SF +
8
42
B _ V !" ,+ Ao m 1 W
/=M ! & %F (SF +
8
٣٤٦
:} −[
4; _ W %F 7;
`7
7> AM
O # %& \A F :VI 0
4N& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, ,Z)0"
AM i> F
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ F a \A
+* \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> :%& \A ) m # %&
4(]G ('< 2! &" " a a;< a3" ,N&
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ m 1 W AM
O
4(]G W Z)/ &" , )/ W-
7
7>
`
\*A 2*/ " +'*W0 +*GW * )* *] */] m* 1* W Z)0 xr8
4i- +0 ;s/
, /] ]" ,AM
O
:!8# ) −p
4Lp8
7
7>
` AM
O # %& \A F :VI 0
+*
8 \* " ,(]*G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ m 1 W :AM
O :*8
4\A \&W a
:A
# ) −s
4;S
O ,>
` N, \! r] :VI 0
4, h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, (SF a r]
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 1 \!
٣٤٧
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c N,
4(]G W Z)/ &" ,N)/ ]" ,m 1 W ,>
`
4N, 1 W a3 1 ]"
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ E 0 ;S
O
:O A
R Q P o
R P S IS R : R cQ
x ? ! R R RPR R
d
P L0c @ ?+P S QPS S
Q c d}
P P +P S G
P S P x
W
:W
,V*
, ,* ,,* *U/ ;)* %*& Z)*/ E*3 HA /] −
4F 444V
0/> ,V;
2*/ {Q; I" 4+8"> h
! %& \;" ,\ W W ) {Q; −
4) & ,p0
O " ,m 1 W & ,p0
O %';"

* A* *7
7 %*& 1*; +*0 ;h*; 3" ,%/=; 3 Ao ) −
*/
, J %*/C=D8J * */
,
k Vr*A" ,h*9M" R )* * ,*
=<" \
7
4U&0 H M F s/
:* *
O O
" ,8q* " , *;U 1 :** % m 1 W {Q; I −
4N]r E,]" , E :0 , 8P" 1
4j :?! 2,& 4 ,x/ m

,
٣٤٨
;Vr ?DR"
J ,+GW \& +
& }' q8 ) ] :m 1 W F
,+*
8 1* W" ,+* 1* W" ,+* 1* W :\= ,20 " ! i
7
B +0
4+ 1 W"

q** " ,+W**- " ,+**8 " ,+**. " ,2**& :m** 1** W **& N**/;
4UW3" H" Y " ,+
F
8q Y " \A" ,+
& p
42&
" ,+&0
" ,\ W
AM ?] ~B KK m 1 W
,)* *0 2*
B +*
8 \ ; I" ,\ W ] m 1 W \& _ \-
41 W a " ,\&W a "
4\
)W" = E7, I"

٣٤٩
‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﻷﺟﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‬

:#
; :9+
@
4&8"
O O +AS" , \J
I" R ?,7 ) ]
4AF
O V¡! :G

*P f*" ,\*&W f*M :** +)*M3 <'* %*& ?*/, ~ \ 8 V¡!
?/, \)
P i<" ,\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ ^W %&
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ +! 1 W AF
O
***] xr** ** **
**,"
k ,)** **]" ,+**! 1** W **AF
O :***8
_ * f?* *] xr* " A ] xr )" ,f?
D D 9 xr ;\&W" EI
4f! xr ] A
:O A
/P RS @P2Q PMQS :(@ R
P;S /
S S +S /PRj QS}P
S QS 9
@
Q#PS d
Q }SP%Q
*[$P6RWQ R WS 0@P
T P2S /PRjS :@8 S S
R 0X
P R R
Q (W !QS
PS SR SiPS
:E2 :(cV
@
:?]" ,+! 1 W "S /
,; n; 1c
4)
O +0A −
E*I _ +* * *& a*UW )* *]" ,+*! 1* W *7
7> %*F (SF

, _
4\&W"
*" , :h*U h*]" , :\
U'*" , :^;)* XS :" 2r] G0
4 :\
7&
٣٥٠
4
,I
` +0A −
4\ W "> O/
, −
O
4\ W W W[ −
4L" \&W _ +& h
O −
: (W ~66; AG *

_ *"
O ,+*K _ * 6"
O O # E,I" ,¨W _ ,B HA
,+*r& 8c
4+/!
4(Ar " ª I +! 1 W O , ,B \<8
O ,8c
@
:4 :GV
* v9*SD D*7:8J *8 ,"* E*77M F Z)*/ *! +! 1 W a<>"
4_ " " ,\
2e!D D
C DMD (Ar "
: W AG *

4 :(7, §ÁÀ¿¾¦ :% M +I :} W AG −
%*& * ; ] 2;7M '
P \&W" ,^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 mc
4a;< a3
,N*& * +* \ 3 ^W %& ?/, \

W; ! i> : a<
\* W m* * +,*S" ,*! \* _ ?/, \)
P :i<"
4%/ _ +! 1 W +,S" ,mc
41 Z] :VI +=" −
4 2! Z!8 )
18
٣٥١
:/f & ;9 6W AG −
:& 1I
: ****UDD
DK: z****D/: E9qC****0D 9****ID"D EJ****¡9
: 8D
J D'D***,9 3C:F :9'**
: qR***WDD
\ C * D***D
,N*
= h*c _ *& *A F" ,)* :*/ 4*/ E9qC0D I" E¡! :+I ?W8
4/ %& m \ ,/ ]
N
= hc <
;L* _ \* W h* * *
B +/< ,) :a 8 ,a 8 :+=" −
4a 1)> \,I W'
:!8# & ;9 6W AG *

:& 1I
9 7D9 +J*DCD : A9r:*****: ?*****0"
(vLC*****]: : DD ?*****0R:F"
J* J WJ)9* J9 YDWDD*09 DAD D J9 D
*d 3F ,E*I _ y"* M ] xr +& h M I" ,?,I ) Ar8
*; a*8 *0 *] Ar \&8" ,(L] ] y" M \&W8 ,\&W _ ; a
4\&W _
_ *
B +/< ,?,I ) ¨WS8 ,+
& ?IWS y> :q;
O +=" −
40 ¨WS \&8" ] : \&8 ;\ W h \&W
:O A

P 6W R Q @ R W
P R S :8
T P 2S /j S S @0
PS
P 0R X
R R Q
R i
Q (W ! SPS S S P S
, , :h*U h*]" ,

7 t3 ]" , :V' ^P" :_ E
, r] "
4 :\
U' XS"
4 :\
U'" , :V' ^P"" , :hU h] :_ E
, r] "
٣٥٢
R x Q R :
R R S K( R
P S S if
*[$J% P Q w J
S S J
P %0 P S R Y
P S S P S S U Q P Q P WS
:l
0*; ; a8 ,\
]" >" S %& 3F U/ mW; a " 2r]"
2*M *; a* – +;,
* :x – "*&" ,
,7 ; a ?W" , ;)
4I"
O \ h
: B A
# A4+ :
@
:{Q; u
> ,- K + 7' " \<' +! 1 W"
,*7 *AF
O */; EJ*/9;CD :\*= ,+,)*0 =A " , 8P" 1
O −
4A : I %& ;"

*P \*&W f*M" ,\*&W f* +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 E/;
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W /;
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ +! 1 W AF
O
a :7" 4N& + \ 3 '< %& ?/, ! i> : 7
4(]G ('< &" "
%*& Z)*/ ^)*;" ,+ 7W +/& ^W- :\= ,2! =A 8 ,1 :* 07

O −
D
:& 1I +/" ,+ 7W +/& ^W- :17
8 , I
O
6*S O
*78 *8 ,&8" I"
O +& h ; ]" ,+! 1 W "S
7 %F (SF

, _
4" _' h i h/; 3 A ,i ! "
٣٥٣
: D 9D : : *&D ,*****
f******& ****** 9 D D D ******"
J D J E******M 9 DD f*****
U
D 9 D **** D 9 J **** J 9 D 3D
J * I
4N)/ +! 1 W ,8 ,, \! I J 3 :x
O
(*P f* EI)M :0 −" Z)/− +
8 x';" ,8q −
4+MP f3 " ,#
hgfedcb¦ :%*** M +***I )**
O */ +***/ f***! ***"
4N)/ +! 1 W r> <8§i
:W
` :\**= ,\** W %**& +**! 1** W a;**7M **; −
E***c a** _ **,>
4
<* \*] # F :1*78 ,+*
& \*
*! +! 1 W ir> ; −
+JD,9ID 3 ;<S
O 2
6" :;7" ,2
6" <S
O 2",&8 " %&
4+
&
\** M aD*: :1**78 ,N**! _ +**&I" **I +**! 1** W %**& 1'**; −
4 > ,6
O :N" ?n
) _
4&8"
O I"
O + , \ ) ] +! 1 W F
:E2
_ +*& h* *
O O
,\* W W W[ , O/
, ,
,I
` ,)
O <; •
4\&W" L
X*S , :V'* ^*P"" , :hU h]" , :\

U' XS :E
, G0
:** 07
O )/
O O
+! 3 W , f! u
> 4, I 3 :+
8 ]" , :^;)
4! i "
O <; =A " ,\
I r]" ,1
‫‪٣٥٤‬‬
‫• ";‪:- K %& < _ {Q‬‬
‫ ‪4 8P" 1‬‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪41 :* 07‬‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪O‬‬
‫‪48q‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫"‪4\
=" X m, I‬‬
‫‬
٣٥٥
‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ‬:‫ﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑ‬

:#
;
J D 9 J a ]
4_ %/ +/q i
8 +0<" \ W
, Ar;
; :'0 §jihgfed¦ :% M # 1I ;
O + b[8
ad %/
+0 ;_ %/ %& E'
d8 \ U
& } F" ;
O
*
8[; ad \ ,2
B _ 8[; 3" ,}78
V _ # 8[;
4+'W0
:O A
x z R *3RW$
Q P S H
*[$S%r+ P
Q P S%I
Q S E
S T S S +P S ~
S z Q /
%" Q P X
T P S Uk
RRP X R S / R R R R P R ]} R cW
*p$
S X 6 S Q Yc
WS 9j S S
S IkS P Q (W J
S QP P S
:4
4+
8 hI %/ %& 1 W +,-0" ,Z)/ +<>"
O %' ] +
8 1 W n; M %F (SF E
,
O/q* \ W < " %& 1 ]" ,8|
4_ %/
* E*,& :V*I *0 ,*7 " ]*| \* Z)/ ]" ,+
8 1 W a<> %F (SF E
, _
*;
O EP :0 , 8 O <; I" ,VP ) :\ 8 ,
/& ; ; O VP
*A Ar*
O *<; F ]" 4
; O
O NP 0 :0 ,W-" <; I" ,
;
*; E*¡! :;*7" , * *; :1*78 ?E*¡! %* :*0 ,*!
O O
8"r* 9CD
*<; *F" ,D/=
:*0 , *- " ,*/& \*! H :0 , W- iG h7; QA !"
O O
8"r <; I" ,
O " ,/& xr f!
4 :\
7& XS :G/; 4/& ;L H :0 ,3>
٣٥٦
:C+
:'I ]"
:/r Ul −[
:U,
O )[
` A f ,
8G %& Z)/ - L f \A"
%*& 1 xr* *]" ,* %'*;" ,%* :** *!
O h*7; ]" :}0L
−
4+;d" +; i M :x , / ,US ,s, ,; , & :0 , EI"
*!
O h7; ]" ," :2 l[ M O ] \ ! I" •
O 'I
4U" ,s, :0 aA :*
,* ,E*I" ,*] :*0 ,*7
* * %& 1; 3 xr ]" :I]
@ −N
4I"
O E'!" ,( E I"" ,/
>
O H :17M 4
>
:h8j c
4 ; ;
O EP

*P \*&W f*M" ,\*&W f* +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 EP
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W ;
O
*]" ,(]*G *W +,)0 &" ,N)/ +
8 1 W i| ;
4iq
4(]G ('< &" " +
F iq
:/ Ul −p
3" (*- +*
* *]" *U,
O *A * 3F *
8G %*& Z)/ +/ ^); 3"
:s0 KK ]" ,() ">
٣٥٧
\*= :]0" ,U'<&"
;" ," ,¨8 :0 ,~C 5IM 7)+ −
(¥* !
O D D D ,/&
<; ^);" 4\ W 1)> < %& 1; \A" ,"
4;
O H :0 ,\
" ,W :0 , 6 7)+ −N
^)*; * \A"

4aA (¥ !
O <;
:O A
x
S S P Q 9jX R /
I] Q QSPS
S S ]6
Q
S S u T R S ~
S S ! w Q S
P S !
R R P R P R S R R S R
*[$b S S P b S P S S !
# S (? S S R 6
S R
S S 5IM Q c P S
_ +*= *<M *;" ,I(W !
<# v0; / Ul u%i −
:\*= ,*U" _ (*p a
* *<M " ,%*/ " *W _ *>" \*- %F s!
E**
" ,?**c Z]r** E**,]" ,aA** ** E'**!" ,Z**
[ ** 7 H** I
:1****7M" , :****§{zyxwv¦ :%**** M +****I +****/" ,2****
4?& hq E P
** 7 E**0 :1**7; **8 ,i**G ;** **W ** \** **<; **; 3" *
**;I H*,& Hf**! *<" ,V'** E*I " ,** 7 E'*! " ,?*&
*/ r*] :*I ,'* *>
O W); " 8 ,(&7 2r] %& E!c
(* +W*-" " F" ,Z*< *!L R : ] :I 2
7M " F" ,;=
D D 9 D ?*/
,'* *A (*S *& u;* " F" , *7 * 7 R : ] :I N7
9 D ?/
4 7 ] :I
*< i*| _ *; +*0" ,E*I" %*& 1 \A ]" , i| {Q; %F (SF

, _
4U" _ a
(;L \ W m {Q; I" ,E' HUA U,
O <;
4 :\
7& XS :G0
٣٥٨
:O A
R R S 3RW R Wl R S /
*[$J
P 0
S S P Q

P S ?+
P S @ PS P S S /+
J6 P S C(6
@ S R P S 2
Q P S S
O < _ h7; 3" − ¡
U" \< " ]"− t0L / )
:0 ,8|
,*U/" ,*," ,*" ,m*" , *<C"
D , " , " ,'" ,
:1*7; 3" ,;'* ¨*8 E*0 :17; A 8 E0 :−=
O – 17; 8 ,V 1="
*A , * E*WI"
J :1*7; 3" ,*S
* H* I :1*7; *A , * H I
4/ EWI" :17;
E* D D E*
J *c" ,*D *, J *L0" ,*
D C * E/<* C D E*
J *" , D *< J *U!M" ,*
D * E*
J *,] :\**
I"
O
f. */]" ,Y8[ sL/ )/ f ?] \ ,8"| D
E'
UA 2r]" , 7;
4+ 1 W U
,S :\
I" ,i| :\
I" ,+ 1 W ?] :\
78 ,c
:l
4i)
B" ,i) :%F a'7/; iG
O \ '*
,O¤*c" **, ^,)**; Q**A ,i**| **
B" **8| D 9 D 9 *;J xr** **] i)** −
O
4 / , & ,US ,; :0 V" ,3 W" ,&8"
O
4N)/ i| :
/ , ;6
/ nU< \] u, :178
m* +*0 ;"* h*8 *&" s*8 ¤c :/
J J 4 ;6 /
J J 2r] :17M"
4a' Ar h
+**0 ;f**
Z)**/ **&" ,N)**/ +** 1** W :
/** , , **-
/** 0]**S
4a' Ar h m
O
4\- _ ) h h; ,+
8 3 W +0A %& m Z)0 %F (SF
4 :V' ^P"" , :y ,'
/
٣٥٩
,*/
" ,
*" ,}*I :*0 , *
8G *& 1*; 3 xr U8 :i)
B "
4"
O ," ,%0" ,;"
:O A
R
P 3RW U}
x R
U
P Q S S WS
w S ;S Q uo P S (m
Ul @ P S
S P S S Wl S Q
SS
R S P R II] R @ (Wl
S S P 2 +P S
R R R
$
P S X PS P R S oX U}0
f w S X R (m
Q PS S
%*/ +/q* i* ;" ,*< " *L %& 1; a ] :iG " +
8 1 W
4_
4Z)/ :4
:]"
4; 0 )[
` i| <; F •
4
>" ," ,] :0 ,U,"
O
f* " ,E'* H*U f & (,& ]" ,< i| <; F" •
4 " , 7 :0 ,\ W m " ,8" ,\
:0 ;7
:%F a'7/; iG"
O \ '; ]" i) −
4i|
B" 8|
O 3F \ '; 3 ]" i)
B" −
4}78 8|

4i)
B" i) %F <" L i| \A '70 %F (SF E
, _
٣٦٠
‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﻣﻌﻪ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬
:#
;
" \* W I,'* , *
%& l
)/ @ ; "" Z)/ q8 a ]
:/I" ,2/ _
:)9 •
V'* \*AQM 3 :V*I _ "* * V*" ,"* N)*/ \* W +* bc
Vr* b*c" 4\* 8 *] \* * O
O
* +*0< +* 3 W %'; 8 ,, NM"
D
U/<"
%/
WM d8 , 6 " ; f! :/I _
q;
O
4 s6 h ; f! :%/ _ d ;W
O E'
" !
: `W •
* 3F ,

WM" :I ,"&" ; S :/I _ ," + bc
47' _ U
>- qW }P" 4\&8 U8 &8
O +0< q8
]
: •
* E'*
*U/< q*8 "* 8 ,"*& h* ; yf! :VI _ h @ bc
4"
:(
b 8 t(}%0 •
* +0 %/
" ,n ;"&" ; yf! :0 + bc
" *
*cg \*,I f*! ]*> *<; *78 ,
*78 x ,*
O 3F "&" ; f!
4S3 m /] "8 ,
O dA ; 8 , &
:!
# ]C •
\* W \*
/ E7,* *78 ,\*
/" H* :\*= ,+8">" ,\ W %/ _ "
4\
/" p 0 " ,H :]
٣٦١
_ * 3"D \ 8 +7; a +0 ;+
P" \! \A :/I _ Z)/ ; 3 rU"
42/
:O A
*[$8SRCPQ v
S R> R )R :RPcS 3RW
X S ( @
Q#PS RSP 3R;S d
P
SS 9 Q }S%PQ
:d}% :4
:!
# ]C
J )9 A4+
:?] ,1> + \ W I,' " hI a3
:(
# b 8 ]}c h −[
h0* * /
O O
n* " A* %*/ *A F V*" ,+* 3* W +0A x
4?&/- " x/
:%
Jc AG *
h**/; **/U8 ,+**
MQ; ** E**0" ^
**,7 **& +*D */M 3 :x ,+**0
MF" ^
**,7 **& +*D */M 3
*& +*/M
D 3" ,^
*,7 *& +*/M 3 :%/ <
n& i> 20I /0 ;n
4
B %/ r]" ,
,
` )[S
O <
:x ,+0
MF
\* 8 :+/M
D ,N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ?d i> :3 +D9/MD 3

*P \*&W" , * i> ir> +L! &" ,"L sq
.E0 :2;7M !"
O '
,N**& ** +** \** 3 <'** %**& ?**/, **! i**> :**& ^
,7 &
('**< 2**! **&" **& ** i** "** a** :^
**,7"
4(]G
4 &' m;" x

:0 ,+0" ,+ 1 W n; M %F (SF
٣٦٢
W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W :
MF ,
"" :" +0
MF"
**! \** _ ?**/, \)**
**P :f**U" ,iq** **]" ,(]**G
4+
F iq
:38%} Jc AG *

+**
8 ;**;" E**I :n** ^)**; 3" ,Z)**/
** ; **/U8 ,*O *;" **0 E**I
1*I %*& 3F V ^); 3" ,\)W/ 2
AM \,I \) h8
P %& W& O
z
,*;" V* * :*/I _ *; * ^)*; *8 ,*;"
O V :−q;
O – +=" ,n
P
4Y8[ (&F Z; +0 ;;" V H :_ VrA"
*] * 1*I r*U" ,Y8*[ *&
B !Q8 ,V V _ nc"
4
Q' _ x ,^-
\)*
*P f" ,\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 H
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/,
:i*<" ,N*& * +* \* 3 ,'< %& ?/, ! i> :f, V
** m** "**" **" ,f**, **! \** _ ?**/, \)**
**P
.H
,N& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, i> ?]" ,
"" :" ;"
O
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W :;
O
:O A
R R R R+S R S
P };Q !x8S SS"PRj P60S8
[$d P d
P M Q >P
SP fRMQS PS /PRj d
Q }PX%S
O
4n s/ /& V" ,+ 3 W " N&F N!" %F
;
٣٦٣
:
A
# / −p
4^!
%& Z)/ <" ,Lp! n r] %/ "
O E0 A :G
4;c A ;"
*!"
O '*
*P U*" ,<'* %*& ?*/, lI*0 0 \ 8 A
4E0 2;7M
4h8 \ _ ^W %& ?/, ?GW
AM E0
:*O *; ,N**& ** +** \** 3 ^**W %**& ?**/, i**> , **
"** ;"
O
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W
E* 8
D *8 ,(:C*cJJ %*&
* 0A :%/ /]
! +!""
42QM ;M 3 E0" ,Q
O ;
v <; L ;
O
:O A
R
"S SS 0L x
"S :S R R /PRj
vP 4S+S
[$vPCS%
X P T S P Qd
Q }P%
X S P P P Q Q >P
SPS
:>
/ −
4n ! h ,n "
%& Z)/ ; ]"
4"&" ; I :G
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 I
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 ;
:"*& ,N& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, i> , W6& :" "&"
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ; %& i
4\- ] n +0! +!""
4n ^
!M" ,+ 1 W ^
!M :]" u=" y= sP %F (SF +
8
٣٦٤
:
−
# $%& : , !

0*+, *-., +/ : ! ,'(
)
01/ ( '23 4 5 $%&
0678 *,9 5- *: ,; 57 5 #
:'(
) ,=7> ? 1/ ( '23 @7A ,*/< : '(
)
0678 *,9 B57 *: ; 57 # ( @ C
: −
:7. F ! G , ,*+, HC ;2 :DE
I I2+JI *NI,PI RJIQI PAI
UTS M I ONII N23JM LIK/J(II
N-
: ! ?V
U[SVI +KKJI Z M I ?
I X I IYJXP#II K +IMVWIJ I IM
N J I I#J7I I R
0 + (? ZX ? YX# :7\
,H( G 3 -. O,5 ,*-., O/V ;L+5 HC B2 !
0^+X_ G ZX ? $-. +
3 ZAa O, b ;Fb c+3 G *+, O/V F /, B2 −
0d c+3 G e f:> 6g5 O/V ,H( G
h7\ @i? / c3aV5 0ZX ?( *3Aa + E f (,
0V + (? :d G ,O L+\ :Fb G
,[[[kT :B L B, ,nopkT :17a ,[lmk[ :+\ j7& :G c+3 i - UTS
0[nqk[ :d ,&b
0[nrk[ :d ,&b j7& ,[[[kT :B L B, ,nopkT :17a j7& :G c+3 i - U[S
٣٦٥
:l
O
8c ,"
" ,2/ _ " ,+,I xr \ W ] :+ 1 W _ \
4y!
:O A
vP4SSBP ARP6SP 3WR RSPR 9S d X S
Q }P% vP]S)S RIR]P2SS !R
P#RP SR SR
I,'* , *
%*& l
)*/ *@ *; "" , q8 a ] :
A
#
:2/ _ " \ W
4\
/" E
" ,m;" H :G
4Z)/ :4
:1> " hI a"
O EI :0 ,n h/ F
W %& Z)/ N!" −
4;"
4± A ;"
O E0 A :0 ,Z)/ ! −
4"&" ; I :0 ,n ! −
4?&" ; S :\= , 3F {Q; 3 \ A F :n N!" −
4
O f" O/,M UW& :_ A n " Z)/ s/ −
rA 4+U,S " \ W m, + Z-/ :;), 178 ,+ 1 W Z-/ _ f nc
*¡
U "*" ,
8G %& Z)0 +0
8< &!" Wc a&" ,
8< Wp6 2A
**A F **@ \)**M 3 **& E**0A ** "** Q** " ,"** N)**/ +**0F :y**! 1**I" 4 **
8G
:y*S X*S" , :\*
7& XS" , :^;) XS : Q' 2r] G0 4
P
O
4
c V E
U/qM I" , :\
U' XS" ,
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺤــــﺎﻝ‬
٣٦٧
‫ﺑــﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺤـــــﺎﻝ‬
:I#
;
4n
A N! _ h7; , ¡
] %& 3 ,N)/ , q8 ,n-" ?]
:
0 12
:? *
:]" ,@ n) ,H" %/ %& 1 ]
\** 8" , **,
**-" , U,** W)**" ,1** W a**" ,\**&W a** −
4\
qW
(** 1**" ,UU,**S" ** \c** ;"Q*
O *M **" n**- )**7" −
4m +A V \;"Q
z *,KJ h** ,1**> , :f'**/ §lk¦ :\**
I **8 −
,W*O *-" E'**
H* D
4
IW (7
C d ;n- %/ _ dF :N8
: `W *
:( b[
^)***; 3 , :**7§ÑÐÏÎÍ¦ :%** M # 1**I F :\**
I **8 −
O *> **dA h** – **>
i**c **]" **M 3 <
** %**/ – 3* O 7**
417 ic \ )7
, * *M h7; −1 N _ :x− /] qW :N8
4+/& f/3 ^); 2/
"
:( h & *
,1*> +08 :(7, §ihgfe¦ :% M +I +
& ; +08
4n
A N! _ h7; 3"
٣٦٨
: 9 J ** '**WM ?** ?**]" , **/
, 1** j**c ** :N**" −
** a**U
%**/ (**Ao 1**> ;'**W ;U,>)** (**Ao 1** E'**
" ,H**¡
U
4= M 3" ]" U&
:O A
S P S x 4S 3RW I# R S P `W
[$d
Q i+ @ P WS :S A Q R PQ Q T S P S ?
d}0%
Q T Q S
P S A
:A 2
:?]" ,]8M Z; "S 1
:(%0 :AB
4(</ U;"QM Z!" 8 Hf! 8
:x ;** U** :**0" ,
,M** :;**7" ,1" **8 1" **c :G
O D :D9 J
4 A
:]m
@ 60% /; /+ :FG
a*K ,\ W "> 1> U,>- _ <M , p6 :x ; K
B <M :%/
4\ W 1"L 1"LM u,M 3
4
S
O O
> f!" 4\7/;" 1"L; I Vq8 ,<>P ; f! :G
U;**; *8L # m*c" ,
*
O # H*& :V*7A ,*3 O
O W*-" f?*; *I"
!U
! 16
4^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 f!
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 >
48
O Z] :0 ,1> %& 1; Z)/ q8 n-" +0" ,1 n; M %F (SF
٣٦٩
4(]G W U,)0 &" , )/ 1>
S
O

:−v]) − 60 / /+ :HG
:O A
R S d =
R @RS
[$60C S P S
X S S P Q K( P Q P S XS P
60
Q :60
P%Q
Q QPS S
c
:%& 1M QA ,m U;"QM < F (! 1 h7M I" −
4
O ?& C D :\= ,(]; −
A
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 CD
A
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 ?&
, )**/ ?**]" ,**
O O@** :];**7M ,m** **"o (**! 1**>
O
4(]G W U,)0 &"
z : ;
,
q*7 :x ;
D O + :\= −(]cM !
# _ i− 8# −h
:
4
U8 :x ;?8
C %F 28 +A"
\*&W * 3O*> A F '
O R :x ;a] 6O f? E :\= ,
) −
O A F '"
4f? \A ]" + 1 W 3> OC ,E _
4 7" 7/ <M 1 _ ZB " =A %F (SF E

, _
:?]" ,\p' h, _ m "o
B (! 1 h7M I"
4§cb¦ :0 , 8- <M −
:& 1I 0 ,iq 1 \,I 7; −
HW******P ('*****0 _ Z******/; +***** O
E* * 0 * <' sqM
4,6
O +/ Z
6 '
O r] :0 ,\
qWM +
8 hI" 6 %& −
= 4 :i& §ponml¦ :% M +I 0 ,& " −
٣٧٠
:O A
R w S S :
; R
x w S S ]
S R An; 3RWS x
R R QP SS
PQ P ) 3W
Q M
Q Q
Q G
[$
P )n S S S +
P S
@ )+ S S
T r P S
X
S S P (S R
S S R
@ S o Q
Q
]PRS
:A d4?
f**! :V**I _ n
q** \**= ,+**¡
] 1**
*R *,MD J xr** **] :1** Z>**-"
4)/
O
h! :VI _
" ,"'
O n
q
:A d4? 4
*, _ \*- *<8 ,2¤c , ,'0 \= U,>- 1 ,'0"
4(**<0 **<M **,c _ \**- " ,¬'*
R * 3F (**<0 **<; 3" , **8 **<;
4 8 U,>- <; " ,(<0 <M U
8 \- 1 Vr<8
Vr*A" , *8 U,>*- *]" *; * 1*> :*,A8
O O ; f! :O AG
,,A
O
" f* s*8
q* *]" , *8 */] 1* Z>)8 ,7/ V
7 :VI
4i< N)/

*P :f*" ,\*&W f* +)*M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 :?7 V
7
?*/, \)*
P :i<" ,\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ ^W %&
O
4(]G W U,)0 &" , )/ i< " f 1> 7/
4,] D J r] :0 ,U,>) &0

O V O <M − =
4Mc
O ;> r] :0 ,U,>- & &8
O <M −
4 :V' ^P" :G/; 4;>
O O " −
VMc r] :+ -
4m,
8 (Ar = " ,m U;"QM < F VrA" , %& E F (! 1 f? =<;
٣٧١
:Dc A d4? 73M
:?] HB' 2r]" ,Vr ¬' /] A F (<0 1 Z>- {Q; I"
**F , )**[ (**<0 :x ,H**</ _ **S3 \**
7M **]" :t(}L0 −[
4n- F" 8P
f'**8 :E)**8 §°¯®¬«¦ :%** M +**I **0 ,W"e −
*U/< ,U* " ,h
* " ,*; * *<M *d * ?*]" (<0 1>
4;¥ U8P E))c
l)* O
D R *c **<" ,(**<0 **8 ,**8< \**! ** H** :− q*
O *; – +**="
41> Z>- +¡
^)8 \! %F +8P
a]f*!
9 J D D *"
C ¦ :aUq* (f*7A" ,*U
O
*-
O O E; :0 ,#} −
,6
O
^W* *I * /& I) :*8 :(7, §aU : OR : : 9 : : NA
:
9 J D D
D I)
D J # /& 9 v D
4# /& :* 8- d V !" ,(<0 ?]" NA 1>
\* _ ?*/, \)*
*P :a*] ,^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 :f! a]f!
4+ 1 W Z)0
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 NA
**]" ,('**< ** **&" "** a** :**/& ,**! i**> :**
,('*< * *&" "* +*
F iq* a;< a3" ,iq # /&
4N< W- h8 \ _ ! +,S "" "
4(]G W U,)0 &" , )/ 1> O
I)
4Z)/ ,& ? a
]F I
٣٧٢
§NMLKJIH¦ :%* M +*I \*= ,8 D% /; /+ −

,(**<0 ?**]" , **;I 1** Z>**-" ,1**> "r**/ **U **8 :f **
4 %& E8 ?W/ ¨
_ Hf! d ; & (<0 d Vr ¬'"
:& 1I \= ,A 8 Z @ A d4? / /+ −

J D : +************0
\************c J D D X***********
C QA J *;J D J
\************ D D ************
*6 O : ************
*>J D *

CD
:
O
1* Z>*-
cQ*M :¬'*" ,(*<0 ?*]" \*6 U,>-" 1> :>8
4> \6
\- " U
&
4\! '!
O _ :q;
O +="
a* :* ,N*& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> :_ _
,i"r* m* +,S" ,(]G ('< 2! &" "
47 ¤c ! 2;7M"
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ 1> '!
O
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 co , \!
:O A
R R
P R S +P S t}L
] P X S S S
P X S Q +P S n0 P S P R A
/j S Q ]m
@ S
P % P SS
X S Q
S R P S P Q
x R P b 8
S S R R S +S 3#c R R
:IC0C T Q P
R ]P S *9S$ :S (i` Q P x P S
P S
P
, :]* a* " , :y*S XS" , :V' ^P" :_ E
, "
4 :^;) XS"
l)*c " ,1* *& cQ*M F (<0 <; I" , 8 <; 1 Z>- %F (SF

, _
420 " ?W0 +&I & %& 1 " , 8P " ,n-
٣٧٣
:A _c+
:K - %& 1 {QM
:D # A4 −[
: ! +,S 3" ! E'
?]"
'*,
O * \*,I :*0 ,u*
0Q"
Ar* s*/ _ U,>- mM ?]" −
N )* +*!" :*0 ,h*" , *
/=" ,*8 _" , ', /] E,I"
, ;I N ) ?U!" :170" ,f;I N ) U!" ,
;I N ) U!" ,;I
`
z
:170 ,
c N&" ,H;I D 9 : ,
;I N ) U!"
C : D N ) U!"
D 9 :

*P ('*/ 0" ,('/ / +)M3 ,<' %& ?/, \ 8 U!"
4\&8 h8 \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W N )
h**! **d ; **W **& **
0 ('**< U,)**0 **&" , )**/ 1**> H;I
4a u0o
: A4 −p
O −
8"
− U
&/ h7M
4 8 E I" F 3>
4(>" ; 0" " %& )/0 :()9 M AG
4" 0 \'; ?pW :(
# M AG
:*$94
@
M 2
O I _ ;"
:U/ 3 "S 3>
4
p0 ^)M 8 , ! ZA;
O E
7 : ;¤c <M −
4 :^;) XS" , :V' ^P" :G0

٣٧٤
:%* M +*I _ ;U
* N* M *8 ,1,7* \
()
B <M −
O :H8) §¿¾½¼»º¦
43>
4
O @ F"
q F" " F ,M <M −
42; _ +, " ?,) 0 ,l " " \W0 :0 ,"8
4+,
! _ 2;
&
` E
7 ,7M 2 S h0) ?/, ; :0 ,
q"
_^]\[Z¦ :%* M +*I *0 ,
O
q" ""
4 :f'/ §ba`
4iL/M 2;" ?& f! :0"
z
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 f!
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 \&8 ?&
*]" ,(]*G q* +* 8 &" s8 , :; ,1 "" :" 2;"
4+
F iq ! \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
P :fU" ,iq

**P \*&W" ,(]**G q* h**8 *&" s**8 sq* \* 8 iL/M
4?] 2;7M '
iL/M 2;
3 " ,, ¤c h8 \ _ iL/M !
41 %& Z)0 \ _
*M M + Uk$ : ]2 − s

4
, N> _
E; :0 ,"" ! −
** 3" ,*]L" *
** *
E*; ,* ¨**8 *
&
` E*; :i*| −
4 8 +,S" _ 1 Z>- <;

**P f**" ,\**&W f** +)**M3 <'** %**& ?**/, ~** \** 8 E;
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
٣٧٥
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W

4iq ]" ^W %& ?/, < i|

m ! +,S iG" ,('< 2! &" ," +
F iq ]L
41> i"r
:O A
S P R
x cS R S J"
R S A R

P 4 S iP S
T rP S 7
S MS S P S P Q 73M;
Q Q PSS
R S P
S S R R x P 5
x R S Q R 7
~
P @ "S 5
S S ( P S 4S ]VS S _`
~
P S Q S S
%C
S S P Q
Q R S Q
X S S P _` Q S 0] R P i
S S P Q c x S 5
S S P S Q S S
x S R R R
S R R +P S x`
[$I S P Q R P S z Q S
S ) A SP Q S
S Q
:A
;
:<M Q V" ,1 M I"
4,'
O
)
O f,0 E :0 ,(; # •
4U
c ?/, ; '
O )7 HI :(
W ,D # •
4"r> a]"
7 / h80 :() ,D # •
:O A
R # x # R R w
;S S 73M
R S
S P Q R(m
*p$ P S P WS
P S S 8 S PQ S Q Q
P S A S S
,*, ]* 70

k 3 " H!" 8 ," dI ! %F – H
_ – V
;
**U; }** %**&
q** **! 1**S ** ** 3" ,Vq**; **]" :x ,Vq**; **; f**! :**0
4
O /K3 " ,}78
q " }78 " ]" ,1 Z>)
'*,
O * f*! :1" 1*=8 ,* " *W U,>*-" (* 1* f?* ! %F (SF
4 <>P ,qB /]O E
7 :y= 1=" ,"'
O
٣٧٦
4n
A N! _ h7; q8 n-" :A
:A 2
4(</ 1"o; 8 f! " ,(<0 −
` −
4m 1"o;" ,7
)**)[ E*0A F (*<0 f?*; *I" , *8 *<; * 3 :A d4?
4UW " ,?d " ,?W/ E7, " ,1 U
& E7M " ,20" n-
: KK s0 U :1" •
4(W −
4 ! −
4 ! +,S −
%**& 1**; ** ()** **
B **;¤c **<M ** 1** _ **;" •
41 Z>) U; } %& \M " ,\,7'
4 " W ( " (W 1 f?M I" •
4X" = E7, I"
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴـــﻴﺰ‬
٣٧٧
‫ﺑــﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴــــــﻴﺰ‬
:#
;
*]" ,'*/ " ,*W *]" a* *@
, :
9 %/ qM (<0 a ]
4
O <8 :n; §½¼»º¦ :% M # 1I :G
4L
M ,AA
:?]" , 'c +
8 h! L
8 ,+
&"
4a :,AA
O :*8 ,
O <; −
4(Ar ;g _ A (<0 <; −
4 7 E'
" ,(! ,AA
O :*8 !
O <; −
?*] ?*]. ?* & > 8 ,H"r U,
O A 'W
O <; −
? ]
B
00 ZAA
4 q8 <; −
:4
:*0 aU,* a*3 V* *] a*3
*, Z*-/" ,Z)*/ L
a<>"

*, Z*-/" ,*]
O _ Z)*/ E*& ?* ?*] ;*& :**8 ,]
O ;&
4'W0
O N6 :0 ,+U,S " \ 8 +7, ,'/
4] 2;7M !
O '
P \&W" ,^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 N6
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ L
M 'W0
O
4 :/ a

4 :\
7& XS" , :V' ^P"
٣٧٨
:O A
@ R P S d}%
P S S R f((; R R
Y X S
P S CW Q S PQ Y T R]Q *
P S cS ( P S R
P $ bS%
T )P
[$; R PS x R S " R
@ P x]
S P S S :C8
@ S S %
SSS
X Q f(# S P S
:f((0 A ( U:09 \#;9 +

U:09 + \#;9 +
f((0 A
L*****
_ Z***** − 1***** _ Z***** – (<0 a U/ \A

.!
O <; 4 7 <M
*** aU,***0 *** '***W − *** aU,***0 *** ('***W − N)/ q8
4H"r .H¡
U
4+,>- %& 7; 3 − 4U,>- %& 7M −
*******
O * 3F ********<; 3 − ****! f?****M 1**** −
4;-
O 4UU,S"
4 ; 3 − 4( {QM −
:f((0 _c+
: ,'0 L
M ,W L
M :P L

*U,
O *
O L*
A ]" ,Hr L
M −q;
O – %';" ,W L
M −
4q; O
O ¢W ? rU" ,|W
:
* *] +*
8 \* " N)*/ +*0" ,*
9 %*/ q; a +0" ,L
n; M %F V

;
4L
2'8
4 :hU h]
٣٧٩
D
%'*;" , ,'*/ *U, *! L*

JC *A * *]" , * " ,'*/ L
M −
D 9 J
4Ar; J D 9 J +0 ;¢
9
B < ;
: # f((; :9+

@
: # f((; /k
@ f( 7 −
:0 , 6 #+ k#
O 9 D >I"
4I O ,&
O
A" ,I O E;S :\= ,!( −
O &-

**P f**" ,\**&W f** +)**M3 ;<'** %**& ?**/, ~** \** 8 E;S
4\&8 h8 \ _ ?/, \)
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W &-
O
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ L
M I
O
O
437M
A" '&
O 6
O E;S" ,/
6
O /I
O V :\= ,/r −h

**P \**&W" ,(]**G q** +** 8 **&" s**8 sq** \** 8 V
40 :2;7M '
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W /I
O
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ L
M /
6
O
,,)*I
O *8" ,*/I O H*0" h* x*/& :\*= ,4C −
O *
I" ,*P
4P
O <]
O E;S"

*P f*" ,\*&W f* +)*M3 <'* %*& ?*/, ~ \ 8 E;S
4\&8 h8 \ _ ?/, \)
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W <]
O
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ L
M P
O
٣٨٠
:O A
; R PS x R S " R
@ P x]
S P S S :C8
@ S S %
SSS
X Q f(#S P S
zyxw¦ :%* M +*I *0 ,6 ] f( 7 −p

,/*
O f&" x/& :+=" , +,S ;
k D J ( 17=8 , : LL §|{
z
*> hP f' _ :+=" ,\
< +
,S ] \ ,+ 1<; ¡
S
O
f&8
J
4r<]" , 8' +
,S ] \ , 8'
> hP8 ,O
:\* ; ,*, h*8 \ _ <' %& ?/, S a : §xw¦
*]" ,<'* +*L! *&" *
9 D * "L sq \ 8
4
9 D %& ; ] 2;7M '
P \&W" , \ 8
:( ,iq* *]" , *W +,)*0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W §zy¦
4(]G ('< 2! &" ," +
F iq
4 W +,)0 &" ,N)/ L
M §{¦
*]" , * i*> ir*> +*L! &" ,"L sq \ 8 §|¦

*P fU" ,] 2;7M '
P \&W" , N!
** **!" ,+** 1** W Z)**0 \** _ aq** %**& ?**/,
4, ¤c h8 \ _ N"
:*II]2 6$ _% oi f((0 4

4 8P " :* 2! ;" ,+,)0 ; ;7 L
M"
z 9 D s-
4Î D " ,Î &-
O E;S :− > _ – 17M
4y= 1= _ 8P" ,1" 1= _ :* " L
M Î <8
4j :/ a " , :^;) XS" , :V' ^P" :G/;
٣٨١
:O A
S mR
[$o x >%4S P R
w S S
S S P "+
Q S I0# S R Y
j Q P Q P II]
R
S R P 2S R
S
P S S
x/& :0 ,W"e M

@

@ / D8 bj V:V 8B f((; −s
z KK
4 8P " L
M ,ZA
_ :*0 ,)/
O W
O <;
'M" 'M %F & > & L
M -
4 W Z)/ &" N)/ L
M ,,6
O KK" 'c \)W
( p q> :0 ,"
O W
O <; ©W&q" n " p L
M -
4\! W"
4 :n; §½¼»º¹¦ :% M +I"

*P f*" ,\*&W f* +)*M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 §º ¦
4\&8 h8 \ _ ,aq %& ?/, \)
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ ;L ^8 %& ?/, & § ¼ » ¦
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ L
M § ½¦
9 D L
M L
M " *
& ;/A
_ aA V" ,
UW3 aA
:
P %& ?]" ,7" / 1U &
*]L
M" f?* *
A *& 1Q'*; * U ';" ,& x %/ :(I#0) −+
4N)/ W
4N)/ W L
M A
O :*8 ?HI A
O aA :17M
*; *A ?E;*S a] a< :\= ,! i> U
& \c F UqWc ;"
?]
O a< :17/8 ,q;
O U,)0
4+,)0 Z!" nq;

9 D J a 8 ,n
P F V" ,;7 L
! ! %F (SF E

, _
٣٨٢
4
=<" [83 ;; U ';" ,
=A %/ :] −h
*
,& a*A :1*78 ,(* L*
M 0 −p
O – ~W[ ;¤[ aA L
M" −
4aA %F +8P " L
M
,& :*8 ,E<
J
a*A :1*7M ,UI8 8 p L
M 0 V" ,"

O W
O ]L
M {Q; I" *
4E< ,& n" ,E< ,& p :17M A ,E<
J z
,&
S −
O ?*= E*0 :*0 , V b 8 A
ÓÒÑ¦ :%* M # 1*I" ,*&
*< N)*/ L*
M *U/ \*A * O <8 :nU< §Ô

O ,*&
4\=
−
O x
B E0 :D= b 8 A
4I
4, h8 \ _ ^W %& ?/, \)W/
P E0
*A> ]U| h/ (7 q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c :
B x
B
_ <'** %**& ?**/, \)**
**P :f**
" ,iq** **]" ,**/
4+
F iq ! \
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ L
M I
O
9 J ? 5 b 8 A ) ! −
L*
{Q*
8 , *W[ * +*/ h/)*M
&*" , q*8 aM*c x/& :\= ,Hr 2r] U/ E /- ? (

4;>
O NK" ,,]
O
:]C% f((; :(cV
@
O ;\*& ,'*0 * +/q*M @F h8 :+
" ,2* *! * " *A * 8
O
" 1* :
'*I %*& *]" ,+* 1* W" \*&8 * + %F \&8 a " ,W-"
41
B
٣٨٣
:A ]C% f((; :9+
@
:_c+ i
:a;* §WVU¦ :%* M # 1*I _ A :!8W 8 A :AB
*
B q*B %F \ S \ W ,'/8 ,Z
\ S :\- "
~* r*] 1 *78 ,
*S
O :*/I *8 ,*@ r*] h*8; f?* b*0" ,(]|
;\&W & 1 L
M ]" ,Z
f ]" , %/ i&" D :J
:
4 Z
S
J \ S :\-
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 \ S"
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ L
M ,
S
O
:*7 §mlk¦ :%* M # 1*I *0 :A
# 8 A
:FG
U**P; ** %**F b**M q**B ,'**0 ~ " **08 \** W
** ,'**/8
r**] 1 **0
&
O **/I **8 ,**
A¤** H**8 x**0 3 :**U@F h**8;"
08" :+
8 \- ;1 W & 1 L
r]" ,
W s0 >" ,@
4
O N< HI ," D
O 7; EB :+=" ,~
&
:O A
S P S S :`#
S P S ~cn
S R P S b 8+ @ z SQ R
S S P S R ]} R SP
Q 8#
[$9f% :
Wn P S cP bS%

P S ! S
Õ¦ :%* M # 1*I *0 ,\
qW \ 8 V" :+0] 8 A :HG
*=A ?*M :\*- 8 , *M V*/ *=A 0 :VI" , :nU< §Ø×Ö
O
ÖÕ¦ :%* M +*7A ,&*8 + ! ^- F \
qW \ 8 hI L
%F (SF E

, _
42! ^); a F" ? =A :^); +0 :nU< §Ø×
٣٨٤
§ÚÙ¦ :%** M +**I – q*

O *; – +**/" ,V** ** **=A ?**" ,V**M **
4L&
k xW0 :\- " :nU<
:A (m ]Cc f((; :(cV

@
O
:
p0F
_ h7; Z;" ,f?S & 37/
xr ]"
V*A * :\*= +* \* 8 ,+ 8

7 +

- _ Z N −
!O V A" !O
!*!
O V*;"" !&*S
O # :\*= , *" *
, M H,& _ h7; I" -
!
O
O U/'> ;" ! V ;"
4f0 ( ;
,iq* *]" ,(]*G *W +,)*0 *&" ,N)*/ */ :'> U/'>
4+
F iq ! \ _ <' %& ?/,
P :]"
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ L
M

1* L
" ,0
>
O :* ; +0 1
B L
r] Ao; xr"

4 1c \,7; 3
!&S #" !N VA : 7' \ _ 17/8 ,+
&"
:n*U< §¨§¦¦ :%* M # 1*I *0 ,r*" X N −
4
'**
**P \**&W" ,r** f**0 ^**W %**& ?**/, ~** \** 8 § ¦¦
4L
2'W;
2*! *&" , i " a :
G ,! i> §§¦
4 ¡ :* m "" " a Ar h! +0 ;f

٣٨٥
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ L
M §¨¦
:%** M +**I +**/" ,f*
O * f**0 ¥** :\**= ,**c h**P _ Vr**A {Q**;" *
4&
O ; a 0 :\=" , :nU< §tsr¦
b 8 60 9 ~
% ,1è & ~
% !G cB ; 8 b 8 60 9 f((0 *
4*[$ 8
:+I 0 ,5o /(] 3;n 9 ,(0 3;n f((0 *
D : *****;,
*****/; : : 9 *****;
C D
:
D 9 D *****
c 9
:
: 9 D ***** z * ****;: Q***
*** C D J D C D *: E***
J *&: 9 *7"
9 D *** DDD
:+I 0"
: 9 : f3
m********
/
J J e J D ********8
J C D a********U"
J O 9 D J J J 9 D \***W
a***U8 D 9 : ***
,"
J 9 D 9 ¡*** D e: D 9 C D
1*I 4
A Hf! U/<" ,;! %/
, HQM a 8
O " /;
O <8 −
4L
M
O E'
" 1> 8
O F :+;,

_ L*
1c" ,\;"Q %F !> 8 ,(

=A Q' ! %& ]" −
41 1c =A ¡" a 0 N
:(**7, §ihgfe¦ :\**= ,(**Ao {Q**M **I 1** *
%*/ HQ*M a* *d ;(*Ao 1*8 ,*= M _ "* * 1*> ;'W <8
4'8 ] = 8 ,;!
+* /" ,*; N*6 '*W0

O :1*78 i)* +*& %& L
a;7M ¤" y" ?p'< !

O
:V'** ^**P"" , :^;)** X**S" , :\**
7& ** X**S :**G0 4**7 +;,
**
4
٣٨٦
4 " +,I a3 @
, %/ (<0 a ] :f((0 /+
4Z)/ :4
O L*

f*! * *]" :Hr* " # f((; − :8c+
;;*7 ¢*W * *GW
4 >' " , " ,\
<A
4 ;¤["
UW3 aA L
,7 +,; f! " −

4+,I a3 /!
, " (; " K %& 1 −
41
B " ,, " ,1 W " ,\&8 & 1 ]" :]Cc f((; −
4 = " X m, I"
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬
٣٨٧
:#
;
:
J D D D F :+
/=9;J & 2JD/KD 9 2/= := &
*W i*- :f/=*38 ,+/& +8-
41" +"/; %/=' bc +& &
\**A
**" ,l
)**[M f/=** \**<8 , **& +W**- l
)**[M :1:>?9 &
4f/= l
)[M
– )* c
O <; a +0 ;
O 3F :V7
,M ,;
O 3F 7 I :EI 8
4−< 1"
4\A Y bcF :f/=3 :
;/ 1I %/ r]" −
:b%G0C
;
O
:\*= ,a*< _ *U,I * *W[ D 9 J a ]
,f/=*3 H" * ( Ar;
4(p6 3F A Hp H&
,*U,I * n*[ *U<> " ,3F ( U&I %/=' (p6 <8
4V i[ U
& /<8 ?] ,( U,I Hp %& /<> 78
4+/ %/=' :%'; f/=3 ( \,I h7; xr a3"
:7%G0)9 /+
:?]" ,f/=3 A
,0 m, 1c "
4Hp a< +/ b[ ]" ,+/ %/=' −
4(p6 a< b[ j[ ]" ,%/=' −
4©c >F " 3F ?]" ,a< bcF ( ?]" ,( −
4 :
; 3 ,\)W XS :G/;
٣٨٨
:7%G0)9 5 +
4<; 3 ,
,& ,c ,S> , ,
B ,3F f/=3 H"
:*$9j : b%G0C 4
:U
& {Q; K - 3F :* f/="
4Z! −
4?W/ −
4¬W −
:]
@ ;
/ j :AB
4Ar
O +/ %/=' <; : %/
4UW " ?d " ?W/ m,'; a ,=
O <; :Z! %/ "
:4
:A f ,+,)0 N!" s/ r] f/=3 a<>"
O 3F 7 I :0 ,:}0
4; @
4^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 I
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 7
4N& + \ 3 ?/, i> ,f/= ( 3F
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ %/=' ;
O
+*/ %/='*8 , :(*7,§^]\[Z¦ :%* M +*I +/" −
4"" H6 f78 a]" & "" ]" !
O " ,%*/ f/=*3 *

3F <M I
X*S" , \
U'* X*S :*G0 ,%*/ " *GW
4j ;C:
9 W
٣٨٩
4N)/ %/=' :>
O *8 ,>
O 3F 7 I :0 ,
>6%
@ +
:* §ÎÍÌËÊÉÈ¦ :%* M +I % −
4 −
:3#% 0 :FG
4\
)WM +
W8 ,N; 78 ]"
,**U,I ** /**! ** 3F ** ** +**
8 **A ** **]" ,:}
@ 0 7%G0)9 / j –
3F *7 *I * :\*= ,+*/ %/='* /*! +
8 %/=' A :c (, "
4;
O
:4
*I * :1*7/8 ,f/=*3 %*& )*/
O 3 ,1* %& M
O <; ^!
4;
v 3F 7
4^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 :I ,
80 : I
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 7
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> , U f/= ( 3F
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 1 ;
v
3F *7 *I * :1*7/8 ,*
! ?*& *]" m' 1= _ A Z)/ ;"
:<; I N;
B" ,;
O
O 3F ^);" , :f'/§PONML¦ :% M +I \= :
W0
4
I O *
Z)*/ , :*]§ßÞÝÜÛÚ¦ :% M +I \= :
d
O *
4U 8" VM
§kjihgfed¦ :%** M +**I \**= :UW*
O * *
4 ,
k k/ (f7 < ,
_ ! ,
q 3F :\
I " , :
٣٩٠
,+/ %/=' /! %/=' <; a ]" ,
>6%
@ 7%G0)9 / j −h
48
O 3F / h! " ,>
O 3F 7 I :+=
:4
:,]r +
8
Z)*/ *;g Hf*! r*U" , \] Z]r ]" :d}% h :AB
;*U,I /!
3F 8 :f'/§`_~}|{zy¦
4a
G s,M
F * V %/=';" ,a
M / +
& xr ]" :A e d}% r :FG
;* 7/
O " )*
O +,)*0 Z*!" 7M 8 ,+/ %/=' %& %/=' 7; a
4s, %& 7; 3 h" ,
, %& A s,M
:& 1I +=
: v D *S: ***** :
J D 9 *D m**
Z]r** R * D D 9 *D 3FC : ?*** ***"
D Z]r** D D
***** D *>D 9 D 1.D 3FC ?****** ******8
DD
\)** **]" ?**W/ ¨
** _ V** **A" ,%/='** ?**U8 1. 3F :+**
8 ]**"
4Z)/ Z!8
:O A
R Q P 3#%
x P S S +P S 3#c
x P S
R S P R S P S )
dL0c
P S P S S d}
P 0% S x ;
S S J
P S 9X ~%G0 P S
R (WR (
T S P Rj R S 8 R P !}
J
P S S A x ; P S S S S P S d}
JP >6c P c S S S ;X S _ S PR
Q ];j
:¡# 7%G0)9 :HG

?* +/ %/=' ir> 8 ,+/ %/=' +
8 A ] : f/=3 /8&
O
\*,I xr* \* }'*
8 , *" A 3F <M 2r] _" ,BW f/=3
Z'* ]* * N*
8
D 9 J ,(*! *
B 3F Q*A" ,]* *
8 \* %& 3F
D 9 J , _ \
4; " ,Z)/; " ,h8
8
٣٩١
:/ j −:G
@ − JW(W *
1.§kjihgfedc¦ :%**** M +****I :\****= ,O¤****c −
4 :&

4 :/ §YXWVU¦ :% M +I :\= ,co
O , " −
J
4¨c " a
J 3F a QS h8 :\= ,&8O " −
4F444n
P
v e D D 9 J 3 :\= ,\&8 Zp0 " −
3F 1r';
4N& U \ 3 <' %&
/,
80 3
4(]G q + 8 &" 1U ?/, ,s8 sq \ 8 1r';
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> , U f/= ( 3F
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 Zp0 n
P
:/ j d}% *

4m D
R A 3F EI O
J :\= ,+ 3 W −
4 " (q ;S0 3F
O N
J O −
^8 :\= ,3>
:f*
,0 §dcba`¦ :%* M +*I :\*= ,+*! O
3 W −
4 7K x %& 3F M 3 :\= , i ;" ,
,\*&W f* +)*M3 <'* %*& ?*/, ~ \ 8 :EI ,
80 : EI
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
P f"
4( f/= ( 3F
:m* ,iq* ]" , W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W : A A
4('< 2! &" " +
F iq m
٣٩٢
:O A
R R
[$ R S
S 8Q *9X$ S S Q
P Q
P S
S S 9jX R vT R )S ¡
PRS
P X #S Q /j
:*9j$ 5n 7%G0)9

:'I KK %F U& u
> 3F Hc a'7/M"
O ~**W[ ]/='**8 ** ,**
B **]" ,
**p @ #L :AB

*
9 D D 9 J
q*8c ,*" *
B :** %/=';" :+I ] r]" , 8P
_" ,]** ** q*W[
8 ,**@ %/='*; **d x ,3F ** xr* a**3 N&*
43F %/=' + N ; ; +'W0 EI
D **7 *I :G
**<; 1*= r**] _ −3F * ** * *"− **; *
B
4(]G W N)/ %/=' −/]–
B 8 +
&" ,)/
O %/='
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 I
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 7
4iq ]" ,(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ %/='
B
4('< 2! &" ," +
F iq ;
*I * :1*7/8 ,*
W/
` *M O 7'
B N&F ;"
` f/=3 A F 3
Y* 1
B :17/8 ,; 3F 7 I :/I A
B h8 ,;
B
J 7
4f/=3 %& U,)0 ;" ,(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \A
J I ,; 3F I :¡# 7%G0)9 J IG
N* M */] *
B :**8 ,*;
B
4&8
O &8
O
* *A +*
8 \*
8 ,]* * %& }'; 3F \,I \ ]" ,¬W f/=3 a<> %F (SF
4+
& c \ Z'> N ; :x ;(!
B 3F E0A
٣٩٣
:O A
R cQ 9
X R R R
[$]C
S b%G0C Q S R
@ P S P S P Q x(=
S
P S R
@ Q M R P S )
P S G0 P S
4
B a<> rcQM VrA" *
4r ]U| h/ ,(7 W N)/ %/=' :17
8
4Z6 N EP :AG

*P f*" ,\*&W f* +)*M3 <'* %*& ?*/, ~* \ 8 EP
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W N
4iq ]" ,r ]U| h/ (7 W N)/ %/='
4(]G ('< 2! &" " +
F iq Z6
:& 1I +="
**************0 D D a]*************
J D **************A 9 J C:
*0 : 9
J 9 ******
"*******
D
: D
D * m*******,;
9 D a******
9 *" DD
4&8
O E I" u
> :" +
8 ]"
:O A
S R Q x(=
s$:
R
z S S P b 8
P S S {?B SS :
S
x
S P 7
S )S
R R
@ )Q C
@ S
:Y
M(W + D; U4 ,Y
d}%(W D; :
W
@ / :FG
,*" *
B *U/" ,f/=*3 %*& *3 _ 3F %*/ \ '*M ?* f
*S %*F (SF E
, _
43F hI %/=' N&F "
B N M" ,+
F U8P @ %/=' a<>"
O 3F *<M 3 *d ]
B" fW" +;,
Z] :
?*U8 ,*; * *7 *I :E*I *8 ,*8|
*c" 4 * ("P _ 3F
8G & a]/& b[M 3" ,f/=3 ( "
8G %& )/
:\*
7& * 4*" h*8" Z)*/ * *
B *@ \* M * a]*/& \* 8 ,*
B \*= *d V*
4 :V' ^P"" ,
4 7' (S _ 2A m, I" , a<> %F (SF E
, _
٣٩٤
4S>" ,&" ,c :]"
O c 7 I :G
4;
4] :2;7M '
P \&W" ,7 ^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 c
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W ;
O
,**U
& ;)** ** **7M ** V**" ,**! i**> :**c N**&F **;"
:m' 1= _ A U
8 17/8
4<' %& ?/, ,! i> c
4(]G ('< 2! &" ,c " a z
;
,*O *; **S> **7 **I :1**70" ,*z *; **&" ,*O *; **& N** q**> :+**/" −
z S>"
4;
4 i"> _ ]&" f/=3 H" _ V ]& Vr"
3" ,
** : ** **]" ,d}% 8 b%G0C L 9 o i :HG
4 7, F &" ,c" ,<;
O c 7 I :G
4;
:*c ,N*& * + \ 3 ,<' %& ?/, ,x) i> : c
\*&W" ,r* 2*U| * h*/ ,*7 ^*W %*& ?*/, ~ \ 8
4] :2;7M '
P
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W ;
O
:O A
Q S R S
S
S R S R R P S )
*[$9S
S
P S /
Q ( :
S S P S :R ]
S S K( @ ?cS G0 P S
R P S d} R P R /
P R S P S
T S Mc P cP *S$ S
P S S P R ;Q /j
Q Q S 36 R S R
P S C P Q P S
4<; 3 ,& ,c ,

:?]" ,f/=3 H" Y %F (SF E
, _
٣٩٥
R S
W R P R i R W4 S P S IW
*[$/: S S cS /j
P ]} S Q
SS / S Q S X S H
Q (4 PS S
S Q P S P S
*p$Ik#4W S 4
S S 24 S R S
S S !( S d};
Q S P S 9 S S :
S S 24 S L
S S S
4m a<> ©c >F " 3F :* bc ] f/=3 −
4f/= (" – %/='" – +/ %/=' <; f/=3 N −
D 9 J ] :%/=' −
4m a<> ©c >F " 3F :* b[
D 9 J ] :+/ %/=' −
4©c >F " 3F :* +/ b[
4S> ,& ,c ,<; 3 ,
, ,
B ,3F
0K f/=3 H" −
4,=
O f/=3 ( \,I A F ,!
O < <; −
O
4UW " ?U/ I,' " ,
W/
` ( \,I A F Z!
B < <; −
4+/ %/=' A F M
` < <; −
f/=* %'*;" ,*
W/
` 3F *<; 3" ,%/='* Ar*; a* F )*I0
O *< <; −
O
4BW
4)
O f/=3 A +/ %/=' q
O %/=' A F −
4 7/
O f/=3 A +/ %/=' q
O %/=' <; a F −
%*& Z)/ Z!" @ %/='" <; 3 ,
f/=3 H" −
:2;*7M ,*!"
O '*
*P a3" ,]¤c %/='" ,[0 d
^!*M * ** 7,* *8 ,]* ; d" ,&" ,c :<> Ar; u=" y= E
, _
4
8 0A ] ,)0 F" ,
8> 0A ] ! O ; I" ,] Z)0
k F" ,
I
, *&!" ?*" y*" ¤*" *Wc 1*I" 4*! i*> d S> _ Z %F (SF
O \ 'M ,c :\= d %F ,] ,V aU/
,]* 8 ! i>" ,] Z)/8 8
4n " ,> :S> _ 17; I"
٣٩٦
i"> d %& @ %/=' _
8 S> ,& ,c U/" ,]
4+ 1 W %/='" ,1 8 d %& Z)/" ,!
O
Z; ?" ,3 8 C D D 7' i" %& E7M F −
],&
M
4+ 1 W +0 %& %/=' Z)0
+*0 %*& *; *@ %/='*" ,f/=*3 H" M " ,
B −
* h*I a* E,=; <> "
B :* E,=;" ,+
F iq
4= +M3> _ 3F
2*! *;" ,1* 8 *d 0*I F +* 1* W +*0 %& +,)0 ; %/='" *
4S>" &" c _ V" ,! i"> d 0I F @ " +0 %&
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺠـــﺮﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬
٣٩٧
‫ﺑـــﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺠــــﺮﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬
– V* _ '* \* " ,H)*/ aK ,H&8 7 +A ]
xr* +* 1* W \*= ,H*&8 *& N*/; * H)*/ * – a& #"
D 9 "* V" ;H" & a<M aK ,\&W & N/;
, *
W _ \*B"
O
4r<]" ,N)/ aK ,s8 ]" a] ,8 ,U
8 c =A"
**] ** **" , 8**P "**" ,i** "** :**&0 "**"
4\- +0 ;i "

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻑ‬
:M U4
:+I _ O U ! O "& i"> &"
D D D D 8>
S S
b 8 R S S :S S b04 bjS R R S S
P 8S 3W S 8S 24 XS P 3S iP S M
z S U4
S Q Q ui
b0 X

S S S ! S S S S]
P S U
Q S P S ;
S S
T S 3
P S :
Q X h Q P Q o
X Q o% P Q
:l
N* _ *]A +*0 *& ,*S> ,*c i"> ] Ar; a −
4f/=3
4(S d 3" ,?A" ,%" ,\ Ar; a −
4\
7& 3F @ ; 3 \ 8 *
*& *& 1o'* ?*/ M ?*]" ,+
A :\= ,
UW3 3F @ ;
D J 3 :?A *
i*> +*
A _ *" ,* %*/ *! i*> −*/]− ?*<8 ,+ %/ " f?
i E7," UW3 _ E!c F ;" +0 ;+W E8r> UW
4E<' :fU" ,UW E8r> !
٣٩٨
:O A
P R S /j
6; P R *[$I R
S I+
R
S P S S I#+
SQ S P R 4Q 5
Uo R S P R )P 9R 3WR
P R I#0
P X Q /j SS
e 8 3 " *
,0 ]" ,23 ,3 ,x3 :aUI _
q 3F @ ;
4 b ]" ,+ ¤ <0"
:*(W$ & O A
+ T R
S X S (
) S
W x P S
Q Q P S S 8 S S
S S P S S
T Q MP S 9 P SS
Q c
M;
Q S P Q 9S ¢M4
T R R Q PR S
S Q f(M
Q z ] QS SP
R ) c+
S Q
0 P S S PS S
O
**8c ,h**8 \** _ x3** _ f**
**; ,**Wc :x
** :+**I"
4! \ _ +0 ; +08 ,+;,
:x ,"
:M U4 C+

:( 8 ~
" ]08 :9+
@
:%F +
& E P" ,& i"> a'7/M
,i*<" ,f" ,f, :?]" – >" i> %& E P" ?]"− : 4+ −`
,/**A a** ,**A #**M" ,V**7 E**,A :**0 ,"**" ,**"
4U! , < N"
R ,+] a " , A (L>"
4 ; ("q " )I

:& 1I +/"
: : : :
9 D *>D D/:'*
'* 9 : * ;
D *>9 D ~* 9 D a* D D 9 *"
9 *D 3* DD ******0f D D D ******
D D D ¨ 9 JD
9 D ******D/
8 h******M
J
4 :yS " , :\
7& XS :V G0"
?*& f*! , *; h!*" ?a
]*F 8* :0 ,fW" ,
'" ,(LU : i">
B "
48
٣٩٩
:1*7M r* ,_ ,*& , :?]" −
8> %& E P" ?]"− :(%V −a

; r \ & EW[M " ,f' _ \ E!c
r/ ,%& ,%F :?]" −i> KK %& E P" ?]− :(V:V −b
%**D/J :**0 %**> ?**]" −i**> ** %**& E **P"J ** ?**]"− :(8 −c
: ,) %>
4X 9 DD D
C D HA
:( 8 !; ]08 :(cV
@
:
'I %F +
& \cM ,& i"> a'7/M"
,%*F :*]" , *8 " ,(</" ,
q" ,]G a3 ; :x :u0 −
42
B" a'7 f, , , ,%&
,r*/ ,r*" ,N *]" ,
q* *; 8 ,]G l[; ]" :t0L −
1*c +* * i*> 2r] " a'7 fM" ,a'7 """ ,%>" ,i<"
:jc
r* +*; * :1*7M ,r*/ ,r* :?*]" ,*L 3F ]*G * ; 3 :I% -
4
& r/" ,
&
#*M ,8* #" :1*7M 4f*" ,"* :*]" ,a'*7 l*[; * :I% -
4A
4EI sS \! N C J :]" ,H</ l[; :I% -
C J :0 ,N
F ,* M y'*; ? *
W'* Z*;I :*0 4\*] ,* ,*I ,\* , , : i">
B "
,?*P7 X* */ n)*0 * ,7 H]S I" ,a
]F \ n; Z]r; a ,a>M D 9 J a>M9 D
4
f! \]"
C ,3 : i">
B "
,*M i*" ,(*
=< %*/ N,* F 3 :*0 ,a 0 ,E
,i ,F
4Z]r /I
O ? E
"
٤٠٠
4%>" ,i< :]" ,]| \A ; :I% -
:M U4 F

:R
P *
:y
WM"
+*I *0 ,UW* " ?*W/ I,'* x ,(*p *<M
*> 2*
WM" :(0 •
§LKJI¦ :% M +I" , :68 §ÎÍÌËÊ¦ :% M
4 :f
,0
D¦ :%* M # 1*7; ,< " , i| %& \cM

> 2
WM" :(Wk •
hgfe¦ :% M +I" , : §IHGFE
4 :68 §i
{zyxwvut¦ :%* M +*I 0 :A] •

4 : §a`_~}|
JIHGF¦ :%* M # 1*I *0 :(c = 70 •

4 /; %F < E!c"
J :f §K
§gfe¦ :%* M +*I" , * %*F H8

J :\= :(cf
4 :
_^]\¦ :%* M # 1*I *0" ,?* * E*7W0 :\*= :(

]0 •
4 :(7, §`
٤٠١
+**7A" , :'**0 §rqpon¦ :%** M 1**I :K%M /( •

4 :nU< §}|{z¦ :% M
:bj *
:
WM"
4 :(7,§tsrqp¦ :% M +I 0 :/f 7I0c •
4 :]§¦¥¤£¢¡¦ :% M +I 0 :/ •
4 :n; §}|{z¦ :% M +I 0 :]4} •
:8 *
:(#;
47 & aU' E
:0 ,DrM •
4 : §a`_~}|¦ :% M +I 0 ,*$ b%

•
:*§ÁÀ¿¾½¼¦ :%* M +*I *0 ,*b 8$ b%

•
4
4 :(7, §ÉÈÇÆÅÄ¦ :% M +I 0 ,(] •
:b 8 *
:
WM"
E**,A" , :**/o §|{z¦ :%** M +**I **0 ,7:

0)9 •
4 %&
4 :l)7 §QPONM¦ :% M +I 0 ,(Wk •

٤٠٢
4 :(7, §WVUT¦ :% M +I 0 ,J b%

•
4+'A aB %& ^0 :0 ,u0): •
:& *
:
WM"
4 :i& §WVUT¦ :% M +I 0 ,(c (Wk •
4h \
_
' :0 ,(cf
4 :+6 §zyxw¦ :% M +I 0 ,b 8 b%
•
:h
X Q *
:
WM"
4.Dq & 8 (c & () h- : +I 0 ,(G0 •
v D (P
4 80 C J :0 ,!( 60 •
C D N
4N& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, ,\
7
W; ! i> N
C J
1* S **]U| ** h**/ (**7 **P +** 8 **&" ,s**8 **, (P
4 i ,/ A \
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c 80
1I 0 V" N O " <M" N
k J "" %'M" ,U/ 3 C J irM I" *
:&
J D J *J %*****c
+"**** : *,
D 9 D **** 9 D 9 b****
: 9 *AD D \****
z *
"9DD
4\
N"
C J :;7"
4 aI EM a N _ x[, 2"

٤٠٣
:O A
P S S P S _2 R S P
SP S P S
R
*[$!
S S S P S S ,# ! P X S S h
S P S 5MW P S o4
X Q ~W Q S
:U *
:
WM"
4 A ; :0 ,(]0 •
:x :(**7, §xwv¦ :%** M +**I **0 ,!(
0 •
4a<;U
:*§SRQ¦ :%* M +*I *0 (p <M" ,(n0 •
4f?S +=
:x
:: *
:
Mg y
WM"
4 :f
,0 §^]\[Z¦ :% M +7A ,*&$ b%
•
4 :f §`_^]¦ :% M +I 0 ,*
$ b%
•
4 :7§½¼»º¹¦ :% M +I 0 ,( •
4n
' ,) b' ,(r80" N ( :O ]2 •
:& 1I \= ,\ V" U& f7" U8r> ! ]" N C J + l[M %F
;
z
+*****
9 *I J D D b******W f\****** ****** \******
:0 fW "
:
9 J V***:=8
h***P" E***I6 ***I %***,>
:0 ," "
z
*************, b*************A \*************
"
4 :\
7& :G/;
٤٠٤
4 :H; §~}|{¦ :% M +I 0 ,!(

0 •
4 :b"¤ §©¨§¦ :% M +I 0 ,
0 •
4 :68§nmlk ¦ :% M +I 0 ,7I0c9 •
:b04 *
:
WM"
4 :7 §ba`_^¦ :% M +I 0 ,7I0c9 •
:o% ,o *
:
WM"
4 ; r/ " ,r +; :f •
:70 *
:
WM"
:%* M +*I" ,,:*W §DCBA¦ :%* M +*I *0 ,C6 •
4 :f
,0 § Í Ì Ë ¦
:7] *
:
Mg y {QM"
4a7 E,A :0 ,c
0)9 •
4;L E!c :0 ,\}e •
4 :& 1. §RQPO¦ :% M +I 0 ,(Wk •
:W
:%F Up ,& &

O i" a'7/M :bB
444, ,\ ,E
,F :\= , & i"> −
٤٠٥
444a 0 ,% ,i :\= ,+&
B i"> −
" ,f*"
O O
*8"> O
" ,}*78 *8"> UW*- U * u
> a'7/M :(cG
O
:'I KK %F ,3 8" O
8">
O
4F444I ,a , ,\ , , :\= ,8"> 3F \ '; 3 −
O
444 ,r/ ,r :\= ,f" 8"> \ '; −
O
4& ,c ,S> :\= ,3 8" O
8"> \ '; −
:U/ (
=A 'I %F ]/ ,& i" a'7/M :GG
4\] , ,i ,
' , ,F :?]" ,1,7 i"> −
4 , ,3 , F ,F :?]" ,S i"> −
4(LU ,\] :UW i"> −
43 ,] , ,3C ,3 :?]" ,Y
qM i"> −
4; ,] ,3 , :?]" ,+
,/M i"> −
4U/& u; m, 444%& ,& ,%F , :?]" , i"> −
4/ ,f3 3 ,I , ,F :\= ,
A i"> −
4a 0 ,3 ,
! ,\! ,% ,xF ,\! :?]" ,N i"> −
4 , ,?A ,F :) i"> −
4 ,3 , , ,a ,F :?]" ,?W/ i"> −
4 ,F , ,3 , ," ,f, :?]" ,(;L i"> −
4F ,F :?]" ,(Q!W i"> −
4" ,. ,(LU ,x ,
] ,; ,; :?]" ,f/ i"> −
4< :?]" ,3 i"> −
٤٠٦
4 /A' u
0Q fM :\= ,u
0Q i"> −
4fW ,aK ," :\= ,n i"> −
_ ]Ar* *& ,*S> ,*c :] U/ Ar; a "& i"> & −
4(S d ;3 ,?A ,% ,\ :VrA" ,f/=3 N
9 D : J ,& i"> a'7/M −

p/K" ,f," :\= , ;> %F +
& E P"
4%> :\=
&" ,%& :\=
KK" , :\=
,r*/" ,r*" ,N
k J :0 ,]G a3 -c %F +
& \cM ,& a'7/M −
4%F , :0 ,2
B" ]G a3
M "
*= *07 *]A m,* *I" ,]*
W; * * i"*> * i> \<" −
4U
F h!8

٤٠٧
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
:W"e
;
*U/ )*7" ,%*" * ;*/ *L/
0= \;L/ c %F A aP ?]
4 S fP" , NA :0 ,+ +)
)[M " ,m> m' n; M
:W"e F

%*F 8*PF * n*[; 2;*7M *< ,* i> %/ – p
O – U
8 8P
4? / %& c
+/& ,c -"
O ,+
F iq Y iq A F *$ b%
/; •
4 r¡/
> 70 /08 ,+
F iq
z : aM*c
iq* *]" aM*[" ,*; %*F n
*P aM*[8 ,*;> D J D r] :G
**& +** **,c ^**- +**
F iq**" ,**;> ** aM**c :x ;**; ** Y**
4;> aM[ :178 ,iq
4, h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, ,(SF a r]
4iq ]" ,(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c aMc
4(]G ('< 2! &" ," +
F iq ;>
40<
O " A 0
O iq 8| O +
F iq A F *&$ b%
/; •
:
*]" ,+*
F iq* \*
" ,iq* */] <*8 ,U/ -"
J :
,\
J 9 D :G
<
4, f ?/, ;" ,) i| U/ VrA" ,< i|
4 j :/ a

4 :^;) XS" , :\
7& XS" , :hU h] :y 2r] G0
٤٠٨
D ,\- ]" ,V \A _ %/ %& 8P <M" *
2JD)DI"
O iq A F %& aUq
\* ; aUq* " ,+* l*[; " +*
F iq* <
4,B
O V
4;L B :x ,; B :G
:O A
S Q :
o S X S uS S 9X { }
R Q P S
P S S R 3RW +P S
j R R c
P P S
P Q
R X
P 3c
S G S
[$:; R X R
0
S S o R R S +S
S R P X >8+ S X S t}
9+ S R P S S )R R
P P P Q P S O% S
:W"e C+
:
GW" ;/ :
'
p
'I %F 8P a'7/M
:%
W"e :9+
@
:
¡
S > iq H8 ?]"
4; NA r] :0 , 8 +
F iq A F V" :
0 −
" ,\*! N*A r*] :*0 ,(*<0 +
F iq A F V" :t(}L0 −N
40 NA
iq* *
WM *dF u*
> * %*/ %*F ! ©p8 ;%
bC; •
4n*; 2*8 ; %F n
P 8 ,(<0 NA :W 8 ,)
)[M
O O
" W; M
– q*; k D :x ;l)*[M *0" \*! %F n
P "
O – %'*M" ,+*@F \*I
4 q " ,
7
7> 8PF
,_ " ,* " ,* :*]" ,*7 i* :*F ,"*

O *<; +
F iq %F (SF

, _
41I 2r] ^
) ] r] V A" ,iq " ] :\
I"
٤٠٩
O
3* O
+*
F iq*" W*-" iq* <; 3 :%
W"e ' " •
:f
S KK %& ¨); r]" ,+
O ** ?**W/; :AB
**B **]" iq**
**8 ,**; **B :\**= ,**
O
4+ 3 O
; +
F iq
" ,W-"
O
Z*MA :\*= ,+ 3 O
+
F iq <; 3" ,W-" iq <; :FG
O
*8 ,+* %*F 8q*
* +*0 3F ,\*&8 a* +*0 ;n*-" ZMA :*8 ?P7
;?*P7 ZA :170 <; 8 ,?P7 _ \ ; <; 3 8
O ZMA / !
O
n
*P +*0 ;W*-" iq* *A F" , ;/ 8PF 2rU8 ,?P7 ZMA r]
4+
B %F
**/ ! **8 ,**U %**F E'**
**U/< , 8q** ?**U8 ,+**
& Z**A Vr**A"
O
,+
& Z'A :170 <; 8 ,+ 3 W +
& \ 0 / 8
O ZA
4+
< n- 8PF 2rU8 ,+
Z'A ] F
O
2r*]" ,W*-" O
iq
" ,iq 3 +
F iq <; :u=
4 ;/ 8PF U
8 8P %'M UA s0
4l NP E,& :G

**P f**" ,\**&W f** +)**M3 <'** %**& ?**/, ~** \** 8 E,&
4\&8 h8 \ _ ?/, \)
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i>
4(]G ('< 2! &" " a NP
4(]G ('< &" " +
F iq l
O
4 ;/ F 8P8 ,+ 1 2 " ,W-"
" ) /] iq8
٤١٠
−1 W a−\&W a \ m 8PF ?]" :(k# W"e :(cV
@
4+ %F U, W)
,* i*> ;7M U
8 ¤ ; 3" ,)
)[M
O O
3" W; M iq
WM 3 ?]"
4h"
/= y0 " ;/ ir W _ n
W[ U/ ~ <; 0F"
O
4+ 8q O
W-" iq A F :(k# W"e ' " *
m'*
* r**] :G
* :;**7 ;1** W %**F 8**PF 2r**U8 ,X** m'*
e
: J J '*>
2r*]" ,m*[ J D D r*] :*0" −m'* 1 W +0 %& X Z)/;− X
:
8*PF ?*]" ,* *
J J J J J '>
r*] :0" ,+7c D J D :;7 ;\&W %F 8PF
42
J J
v r] :;7 ;\&8 Zp0 %F
n*
W[ * +*KM * }*78 *W %*F * ! ©*p8 ;(k# ~() *
4@ m " h"
/= y0" ,;/ ir
:O A
R R R P S
WS #? R S /j
Q S P Q 9S Y(%;
Ao
P S @ P S Q
#
*! S P S $ U`
Q S Q R Q PRS
R ( R R ( R S d
R 6 R B R Rk8S S%(
R S h
! S P ! P S P _
R X S Q ! S S P ( X Q S

P X R S P S S `
%
T S S
P S O PR S
;
P (k#
R
X P S I
R S "e
S Q )P W S R P
R S
:W"e 4+
:%0 4 −[
:
J C 1
! s-
*8 ,(*
/ J D :0 V" , 8P /& ;/ ir> Z;"
v ,s-
4 / v :/7 8P /
:/% 4 −
F V*" , 8*P _ a'* Ar* h*!" %*/= 0 ir> −q;
O – Z;
4; ?q H :17; \ ,;
q H :17; 8 ,
8q I"
٤١١
4N& ?M ? / :] 17;"
4U
M /" ,n N& 8 :q :G
?M ? ?] irM ? /8 ,U
M /" " N& & :q"
4
<" ,
> :0 U/
" ,N& &
:O A
S )R
%( R > P R 4
Q S Uo Q R ;Q
P (` X
R S R P S +P S h8e
%%; R
S S P R P 3 ;S cc
@ Q
:
0 A+ 4 −s
%& \cM 0F" , ;/ 8PF iq %& n; 1 \cM ; 3
*> , *W
[ *B :\*= , 8*P \,I (<0 iq A F }78 +
F iq
4',
, W*- iq* *A F iq* %& 1 1c
8
GW 8P "
O
:? / %& W) V 3 +
F iq"
4; q :0 ,%/= iq <; −
4; q :\= ,
O Ar h!
D iq <; −
**-/ ,\**! Nq** :\**= ,**" n ** +**
F iq** **<; −
4G
O
Nq* :*0 ,*" n +
8 %F 8q +
F iq <; −
4\!
O
:\= ," n +
8 %& p&
P %F 8q +
F iq <; −
4+B Nq \!
:O A
R R G R /j R S o
P S X
M

P S S / X R ~
P S ?Q PR S S P Q U`
P #0= Q S R A+P S !
Q ?
P S S
٤١٢
R M + R X R G R Q S o
R XR +S
3c S R P S hQ ` T fPSS 3c X (
S "+ Q P
S R )S
SQ S S /j x S
P R U R ?P 3RW Ic
[$J
P ];S X Q (] @ P S P b%G JP P S SQPS S
;*/ *L/ %*" * *
0= \*;L/ *c %F A aP :?] ,W"e -
4+)
)[M " ,iq n; M U/ ~"
+*
F iq A F _ %/ {Q8 , i"> %/ %& 8P {QM -
* *
8 * %*/ " ,+* *-
O *A F * %*/ " ,iq 8O|
4V
:
GW" ;/ :'I 8P -
**
WM" ,+**
F iq** _ **&
O O
W**-" iq** **<; 3 :?**]" ,%

+*
F iq* *A F l
)*[" , *8 +*
F iq* A F n; iq
4(<0
i*> *U
8 *7; 3" ,)*
)[M
O O
3" *W; M iq* *
WM 3 :?]" ,(k#
4h"
/= y0 " ,;/ ir W _ n
W[ U/ ~ 0F" ,!
4+
F iq _ & O
O W-" iq A F :UP" •
,%*/=" a'* Ar* h*! y*0" ;*/ ir*> : 8*P *<> •
4hP _
GW 8P _ 1 %7,M" iq 1 VrA"
O
iq* 8q* O
" 1 +*
8 * 8q O
W-" A F V" ,iq %& 1 1c ! %F
;
4
O Ar h! " %/= iq A " ,1 +
8
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
٤١٣
:?]" , , U 8 \& \ M ? f
4\ W a −
4) −
4\&W a −
4 ,
- −
41 W a −
4 U, W) −
4\
qW a −
***
‫ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬:‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‬
:#
;
\*,7; *
B * ,+*& \* ;" , +*/ h*
* \* 8 %*/ %*& 1; a ]
4\ KQ; " ,+&
3 *< ,* O – HU
] :*8 •
D J D :\* W %*/ xo*; +*0 ;~ \ 8 a −=
H*U
] :1*7M ,u*
0Q f*M 3" ,\*&W f*M +* \)M 8 ,\ W & \,7;
:
41'< X0
J
,+*/" +*&" \ W %/ xo; +08 ,h!M :%/ sq \ 8 a 2." •
4¨W 2. :17M ,+& 1,I "
,+*/" \* W %*/ xo*; *U8 ,r*> :%*/ * \ 8 a ,r> VrA" •
47 r> :17M ,+M& >F \,7; "
٤١٤
:C+
:'I KK %F – L %& +3 u
> – \ W a a'7/;
D D D 9 :%/ S" ,
4¨8 D J D :%/ HU
] :\= :a !
W ) −
4Z M :%/ x"" ,h!M
J 9 C D \= :_` !
W ) −
:%/ 2"
,q**M :%**/ i" , :l)**7 §¶µ´³¦ :%** M 1**I
4 :f §zyxw¦ :% M +I +/"

**." ,1L**0 :%**/ 1L**0" ,E<** :%**/ +**- :B !
W ) −
4s :%/
] ,Z :%/
:
'I %F hP u
> \ W a a'7/;"
,M*
O %'*;" ,\* W %*/ %& 3 1" hP" a'I :AB
4U
> ,i ,S :\=
: F <; \7/" ,2
B \70 a'I :FG
:(**p §_^¦ :%** M +**I +**/" ,a<
**& :\**= ,M •
,?*/& D 9 D :17M ,^/M
R D V
F C D D " :%/ ,V
F" ,a<'W0 L :%/
4,c (0
D 9 J :%/ " ,?/&
a<
F :17M ,rc C D D :%/
R D ^/M
:%/ ,V" ,cQM :%/ ,f"" ,,K :%/ ,a<0< :\= ,Ul •
4rc :%/ ,V0"" ,7M
C
,s " **M :%**/ ,+** :\**= ,!I + ,**;" :\**= ,!
0C } •
4
&
` M :x ,
& D 9 D :17M
` +

*P \*&W" ,h* a
*" ,aq* %*& ?*/, * \ 8 a §^¦
4a0 :2;7M '
٤١٥
*]" ,(]*G *W +,)*0 *&" ,N)*/ +* 1 W : W0 §_¦
**! \** _ <'** %**& ?**/, \)**
**P :a**A" ,iq**
4+
F iq
:;W
:?]" ,\ W rU E'
" 2/ xo; xr \ W & ;LM p8 \ W a3"
q*M" ,*
=A
O * k " ,HU
] \pI +0Q<8 :=] −
D J D :1*I *I" ,+*- " i
4E< E<" ,
=A
O
*
/=M" *8F
O (*>" (- +"L h \ W %/ xo; +0 V" :rMe −
O
*;" (* *; +-" ,1! ;" ,! ;" \! ; +- :170 ,=
0QM"
ArM"
O , !"
O
4('0
:!
H(4 4
*3
O 2'* *A 8 ,,B
O "L" x _ 2' \& \ W a \ ; *
40
v 9 HU
] :\= ,3
O \ W a A
4^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 a HU
]
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 0
**M" ,+**p :%**/ ,*D *;= U
*
D *> :\**= ,;*
O * **A ;*
O * 2'** **A F"
4M :%/ ,mW
4<' %& ?/, , \ 8 a U
>
D

**P \**&W" ,(]**G **W +,)**0 **&" ,N)**/ +** 1** W ;=
4E0 :2;7M '
4 j :/ a

٤١٦
n[; U8 ,i"r ]" \ ; 8 ,!
O A F 3F \ ; 3 \ W a *
41 W Z)/; " ,\&W h8
8 ,+& %7,;" \ W ir; 78 ,V _ \ W
** h**/ cQ**M **8 ,+** %**& *
O *7 **A F 3F \** W a** \** ; 3" *
*;
O :1*70 *<; 3" ,L* :%/ \ 8 a :V
8 ,;
O V
& :17M ,\
4V
&
O
; xr ?p'< 8c 1"Q8 :f'/§LKJ¦ :% M +I
a<
*& 2*/& \*- 8 ,co* \* 8 a* 2/& ?]" a<
& :* 1 NA
a* 1* a;*7M *! _ ?p'*< *> 2r*U8 ,# N*A *L :x # NA
4# NA a<
& :%/
&
O +
& \ W
**! a<
**&" ,\** i"r** )** # N**A :;)**, **;"
:**8 V %&" ,) _ \ :x ,7 \ m " ,+ m ""
:%*/ ,*A
O a<
& V # ZA :;7" ,+
& 1 + 8 ir> ) NA
4Z!"
:!
# ) 4+
` A F \ W a *

* +*7 *7; xr* \ W \& \ ; ,Z %& 3
sq* *U 8 \ W a +
8 xr Z V N! _ /¡! 8 ,L
:& 1I \= ,"L
O <; +08
?;'******** : *MJ V********
: D 9 *MD "9 D x******** : D D D
*0<
D 9
_ h*I sq* \* W L*! *I" ,?*L :%*/ * \* 8 a V0< *8
4
;'M" ;M :\- " ,/ ir "L ]" ,xM :]" +!
4+7 I " ,?, \ W +& Z N! _ \ W L! \ ! /&
٤١٧
:0;
3" ,x*8 V*0< :1*7; 8 ,Z)/; 3 fW hI sq \ W -
4VK/8 +-
: D D " %& \ 8 a ¬); -
:\= 4i) M ?KK \ 8 \A 1 8
4r> r>
4?
I U8 1 8 " %& A " ,?& 17/ \ W a -
* 1* ¤*; 3 +*
8 O'* *<; +*08 ,
*P
O +*&8 *A F \* W a -
4'
P V
& \&8 8 ,;
O V
& :+= 41>
:O A
P X S o
P S S Y+ x P R )
S S S !
W Q P i
S Q
P ? S S /0 x
W
S X S S ! R 8 hcS
P P S S S
R S !
P Q S 5I(i
*[$fc S S P S S QQ PS S
P S S Y(m Q S (|
P G S P
W P S R
S P bS%
SS
:A6
R R o
R R + R P h%;Q S R
P S S P (W
*p$!
S P z S S IS S P S S
!8 P %8
Q S Q S SS
R
;
Q R P S S I%R R X R(%0
R P S R 4
*s$(
Q z S Y)
Q S SP /
Q X S%Q o P Q P S
?P %F SQ8 ,+'I %F S" ,\ W & N0 ]" ,\ W a n; M %F

, _
;
* ,*"
O
*P
O +*¡
(*=A %*F *S" 4+" ,+- :* %F" ,2" :sq %F" ,S :17
4\
78 sq
%*& *7; * ,2/
W; xr \ W a<> rcQ; +0 :]" \ W a \& "S %F (SF
4+
4 8 A ;/ +/& Z] 8 ,;/ 1> </
O <; \ W a %F
;
٤١٨
" +*& \* ;" ,+*/" ,\* W %/ %& 1; a +0 :\ W a -c"
4+M& \,7;
sq*" ,H*U
] :**A ~* \* 8 a %F +/ u
> \ W a a'7/; -
4+- :*A " ,i :*A
*& 1*7/" ,H*U
]" *S :*0 ,\*M :%F hP u
> a'7/;" -
:*0 ,i*| *&" ,;" :0 ,) &" ,a<
& :\= ,"" !
4V0<
4;" , +M8F _ \ W & \ W a ; -
4"L" x u
> +
& 1; xr \ W a<> rcQ; -
4!
O A F 3F \ ; 3" ,+ & cQM F \ W a \ ; 3 -

٤١٩
‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
:#
;
4 %& 1 a3 ]
:F :]"
*3 *
B * , %& 1;" ,< _ Ar; W ]" :{? } −
\*S ?* (*pL"
- i" \A %& \;" ,+&I" %&
4)0
O )0" ,AF
O A :\= ,+ ?P \ W U
&
4+
& 1; < aU8 ]" :AZ } −
:{Q; 1"o ) %& 1;"
§ba`_¦ :%* M +*I \*= ,i

!
# } */+$ −
4 :(7,§ÊÉÈÇ¦ , :(7,
O ?,I ¥ :\= ,i] I) */+$ −h
4y&; #
:%* M +*I \*= ,i
_` 6;
@ @ : ]C *3$ −
+ ,k#
4 :; §½¼»º¹¦
:%* M +*I \*= ,( 8 ~ ,(Wk } + } *$ −
: ************ §¥¤£¢¡~}|¦
4
©¨§¦ :%* M +*I \*= ,i
3" + _` !
# *$ −i
A¦ :% M +I \= ,i
!
# C0 Dfi" , :a7 §ª
4 :(7, §KJIHGFEDCB
٤٢٠
:} !8 2
:"S
0= + 8 \& \ ; )"
k \ 8
4+ z h " ,\ 8 h 1> ^); :AB
+*08 4*&
O 9 D V*P
J ?*/, ;" ,*;
O V*P
J ?*/,& :V*I 0 :AB AGW
?**/, ; :y**= **<" ,*O *; E**P ?**/,& :1" **< 1**70 ^)**;
4&
O NqM

*P :f*
" , *;I :*/" ,(]*G q* s*8 sq \ 8 ?/, ;
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)
,iq** **]" (]**G q** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 \**&8 :N**P VP
* +*
F iq* *! \* _ ^*W %*& ?/, \)
P :i<"
4+&8 %F ) 8PF
)** **] \** " , **W Z)**/ **&" ,N)**/ +** 1** W ;
O
4NP
9
O VP ?/, ; :0 :FG AG
+* \*; *<; 3 r*U8 ,g *;
` )* A F +0 EP
_ ;*78 ,* +* *70 * 3 1* %*& 3
?**/, ; :1**7M V**/<; 3" ,g *O *; E**P ** ?**/, ; :m'** 1**=
4;
O NqM
:aUq 1I Vr"
: * : 9 D *: : D 9 : : D ?*q****
: : R D
1*** D : ***
D 9 ?****8 **** 9 R *ID ****"
D D Q*** 1,7****3"
9 9 J ?****8 2****I
J9
,Y ,* *& *" Q* 7
8 ,1,73 " ?q %& 3 ` ) A 8
` ) A F
4 " :* 3F 7; 8 1 %& 3
٤٢١
n*[; 3" ,*;
O V,;*P ?*/,& :*; 8 ,)
O <; 3 :FG
*>
O +*&F h*/8 ,s* ) aUq V %& I" ,V _ ;/
4\ W ;, U/ A
` ;) %&
:+I / " ,+&F aU/
=A !"
: : 9 D : 2****c
N****=
J D D N****I&
z D : DD
J 9 J ****
&
* D *9/: n*
O C : *D V* 9 J 9 *
J *[ D *A"
D D H*
D 9 *&"
D D
) ?]" E& I" ,& h!
&8 ,NI&
& :+
8 ]"
4N=
2c NI& &" A :x ,NI& ]" U&8 %F EW
P" ,2c Z)/8
*]" '*> *;
O ?*P :1*7M *8 ,q*
O )* *<; 3 :HG
*;
O _ Z)*/ \*&" f
]" +&8 %F n
P )
v ?P :*8 ,^
,I &
O
)**
**P **] **,& %**& ,'**> *O *& **]" :1**70 ^)**; 3 **<
,)* \*& \ ; 3 )
P ;^); 3 rU8 &
O Z)/
8 NP
4\ W W f?S x +
8

q" ,\ W W +7 \& 0F )8
:
] 17

8< V !"
: : :
: C D *
a!* D : **U/&
J u;** D 9 D *D *]J **"
D D a** 9 J D a**
J J *I" 9 D ***D 3FC : N**
9 J *& J 9 *
D ***"
D D
\* ; *A *] *& *78 ,u;* *" :x *] * :+I ] \"
+* m* M +*0 */] +&F +!"" ,2
P & Vr<8 ,) u;" u;
4U/& ]" ""
D 9 J 8 ,\;"Q \I 0 E
, r]" :] 1I
4(&I +
& %/,M
4 :hU h]" , :N<" , :\)W XS _ "

4 :
8<" , :hU h] :E
, G0
٤٢٢
q*8 ,*;
O VJ *P
9 ?*/,& :1*7M *8 ,"*
O *<; 3 :J
4\ ; 3 +08 =A " (> "
O A 8 ,;
O VMP ?/,& " ,("
:& 1I rS"
: : D **W0
Z**A : 9 D *D * : C D q*
D +**
WA
:
9 D 9 D *: J : D **]
**> : D 9 +**
D J xr**C **
D
: : ?**;
: D J
)* *d h* * _ q* \*&Q8 * +*
WA q :+I +
8 ]"
4"
O *- )** **<; 3 :KL
?**/,& :1**7; **8 ,\** \**,I 8*
:1*7/8 ,*! \* * n-" 8 ,\ ; \,I n-" +0 ;;
O ; VP
:& 1I V " ,; ; O VP ?/,&
3"r***& J 9 : D ***
D J D H***U& D : ***&
9 D V***
8
:
O D ?*****:0D D ;****
D : C * V**** : *!" F
D *: x**** 9 D C:
4; n-" aK V _ \& ) x!" :*8
O
*/] *" ,Ar* *
B )* \ ; 8 ,8"r <; 3 : C
*<M *<; 8 ,;
O V'" :;7 F :;"
O V :_ 1I %& "
O
F 3F \* ; 3 )* ;V'*" :2;*7M i"r* )* 3 ;
O
# a'* ?p* :;*7 F # a'* _ 1*I * %*& " Vr*A" ,!
O A
4!
O A F 3F \ ; 3 ) ;EK
O
F \ ; ) _ ; 8 ,+ & 3)W <; 3C :J C
>Q*8 ,\* \* ) n- \)8 +0 7M I" ,+
" +/
\)8
edc¦ :% M # 1I F :Y , 1I rU" ,) n-"
\)8 F
Q* V
C J + ! * 1 %,M ; N ; − :¨ §jihgf
4V ^); 3" ,1
" +/
\)8 )
4 :hU h] Z>- + U

٤٢٣
*;
O ?*/,& :*; *8 ,+* *& co
O ) <; 3 :G
*A F ) 1 7; !Q8 ,"" ?
U' %/=" ,VP
O :**8 :n*U< §ÁÀ¿¾¦ :%* M +7 1" ,""
3*> O !
`
O ,; 3 :;7" ,@ m U/&" ,)
4U/& 3>
:} C+
:'I KK %F \ ) a'7/;
:q (C6 A8j G+ 8j ,U` :i4+
:P ]"
4\&W %F iq :AB h`
)* h*8 :*8 :(7, §¤£¢¡¦ :% M +I :0 G+
3*" :;*7" */ ]" + 1 W Z)0 rU" # ]" ,+&8 %F n
P
4/ # h8;
:2;*7M" ,*!"
O i"r 2¤c , ]" ,\ W \& \ ; ) §¢¦
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 3 !
)* \*&8 +0 %& O " a a;< a3
` s8 ,GW §£¦
4h8
*] +*
8 \* " ,(]*G *W +,)*0 *&" ,N)*/ + 1 W §¤¦
4h8
)** r**c :***8 :f'**/ §µ´³²±¦ :%** M +**I *
4 "rcQ; :;7" a] \&W %F n
P
,iq* *]" ('*< 2*! *&" ,"* +,I %& i §±¦
٤٢٤
8*PF N* * +*
F iq* *! \* _ ?*/, \)*
P :a]
4+&8 %F )
4(7 W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W §²¦
%*F n
*P )* \*A :*8 :f'/ §¹¸¶¦ :% M +I *
4a] +&8
:& 1I +/" ,+ W %F iq :FG h`
: :
D 9
*7 J : 9 D *]
D 9 Z*; O D &
9 D U/);
D 9 J D a D:
9 D F
*****
J R *D f*****
J 9 *D +'******W09 D a*****
D *| C : 3D D
9 J F
+'*W0 +* W %*F iq* *]" ,) aG8 +'W0 a| :+I _ ]"
4+'W0 f
J aG; F 3 :;7" f ]" 2 Ar \&W"
\*&8 * :**8 .:(])
@ (j _>0) ~(] ¢4- : +I q;
O += "
4E
, w; :;7" ,1 W E
," ,w>
4iq ]" q + 8 &" ,s8 i w>
)* +* 1* W +*0 ;*
` O " a
N)/ , 8P GW E
,
4+ W %F ) 8PF N w>
4\&8 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, 1- a
P S
41- -
8 ! s
:l
O
,V* 1 W Z)/; " ,+&8 %F 8q <; ) %& Z
4\
I ] \
=A
O \&W A" +8PF
"
:} _c+ FG
+0 ;
I +0 3F iq 1&F \I +&F A F" ]" :/% }
4H<0 " (<0 /" ,H<0 1 8 +, +!"" ,\ W +,S I
٤٢٥
,− :***, §©¨§¦¥¤£¢¡¦ :%*** M +***I :G

4 6F ) + 1 W
;
O :*8
;
O ,' x ; _ a ; " :;7"
:A+ : U
:} _c+ HG
:9
0)
@ )(
@ 2 8j /+ v
;\* - <M ?,/; 8 ,f jc 1 ;)(
@ 2 *
N _ \B 1Q N) a3" ,1 8 +S 3F U/ \ ; 3 f
4\ W +,

3
f?*S 3F \ '*; a* :x ,*0 f?*S 3F +*/ *; a +0 :2/ 9
0)
@ 2 *
4\
I
"r*" ,(*U (*&7 n*c ]
7 ,'/ "r \-8
:& 1I V 1=" ,+ \I ? 3
: : : : D **"
: : : 9 * ** : J *,&
D D
)**
**
78 D : 9 D **M
C Y** 9 9 D +** J : f?
J *UF D '***
J ¨**R D * E** 9: D
:²
'*" ,\*& )* – xL* <*" ];*M" f* '< – ¨ :*8
:cg 1I +/" ,\&8 :+UF" ,+ 1 W
: *****W
9 D D 9 ?*****c; : J D :
9 D ********* J :
\*****! D J D D 9 1*****[;
D 2f*********
JD D *& D D R n
*********
*;</ *PD
1 * % ) 2f& Z)0 u
> 2f& ;</ :+I +
8 ]"
4 ;</ ]"
4 :^;) XS" , :\

7& XS" , :hU h] :
q7 2r] G0
٤٢٦
:O A
P S J R P +R P S } R R RR
*[$A+ S S +P S M @ S Q
@ X S Q P W` P S

! S P 3W v S S P
S
#
P
P S S }
!8 R P R S
x S P S )9 Q X S S P Q S *S$ +P S /+
! P S J T P R /
S S !
W S S /j PR
41"o F" ^;- F ]" , %& 1 a3 :] )
:" \ W \& \ ;"
4+ \ W" " ,\ W" 1> ^); −
4)
O <; 3 −
4q
O <; 3 −
4"
O <; 3 −
O
4\ \,I 8- ) <; 3 −
O
48"r <; 3 −
O
4+ & 3)W <; 3 −
4+ & co; 3 −
: KK %F \ ) a'7/;
41 W %F " \&W %F iq −
O
43 +/ \I" ,m'
I ]" ,/ −
O
43 "
I
O S ]" 1 :* i −
4U
F h!8 \
=" \
)W m, I"
*7
O ) <; I" ,+/& N/;" + 8 \& \ ; ) %F –

, _ – V
;
O
:1> KK _ \ ; 7 ) r]" ,+ \; " ,\ W" " \ W" 3"o
41 :* % <; " , 8P" 1
O x ;0/
O <; " ,8qO <;
٤٢٧
‫ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‬
:#
;
Nq*8 ,+M/<*" sq* H*A> %& x \&W %& 1 n-" ]
4Nq \&8 %& 1;
*p
O \*&W a* *] :+M/<*" sq* H*A> %*& ;!
O +0A %/ "
H/<*" H*A>" i"*> *& *] +M/<*" +MA>"
- +8"> & <;
4sq \ W
* ¡
*S : 9 J :] \&W a8 ,<; :+&q A \ W :G
O
0 a8 ,<
4 q

O &q i> 1 3F \&W a ¬)/ <; hP"
*/ ! */0 3F Nq*; H/<*" H*A> *& %& ?U8 NP VrA" −
O &q i> 1
4} _ W
:8j
O
4+ 0 +/& EW0" ," +
8 H8M F 7 \ ; \&W a"
:
> _ \ W \& \ ;"
k f*** ,***7
" ,1*** %***& 1 O \***
8 ,1 :**** %*** ***<; :bB
O
4I,' O
<; a ,UW ,?W/ I,' A f" ,?q " ,1,73
D D D – r
4444a<> D D D – NP D D D " %& ?K= \ W8
D D D :\= \ 8
: – NP :17/8 +/
& '<M +/ \&W a
4444aA> –
4\&8 n 8PF h ] H/<'" HA"
4HA s0
" H/<'" HA & "
¨§¦ :%* M 1*I ,* !
O " ,%*`/= " ,*W
O *A F \* W \*& \&W a \ ;
:*/ a :G0 4 :L §¬«ª©¦ :% M 1I" , :NL> §©
4 :V' ^P"" , :hU h]" ,j
٤٢٨
O Nq f! :G
4 ;
C D *" \* ; U8 ,1 :* ) d ;;
1 O E,)/8 Nq E& 78
4?q %&
4B
O ; O Nq f! : AG
O Nq f!" ,g ;
4^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 f!
2;*7M '
P +&8" ,(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 Nq
4]
*&" ,N)*/ – \* W \*& \* ; +*0 – N*P ** +* 1 W ;
O
4(]G W +,)0
4Z)0 \ _ '< %& ?/, i|
: 8 d])
O
\* \*> N*P" , - 1 7 \ W \& \ ; +0A _ Z,'"
x ,?q* H F N*P
D D D \* \*> N*P" ,?* 1*- 1 :**8 NP
D D D
xr* r*] :1*7M V*08 ,1,7*3 " 1* H F * , * ;
O NP xr
4\,7' _ ;
O Nq; xr " ,g ;
O NP
\* W" ,\ W U
,S
O - 1 * U
,S
O – \&W a :x – n- A 8
4+ \> VrA" ,P>" \,7'" ~ ;+M3> h
! _ \ ;
:(]%;
n; M i> 2/& 1 ;\ W \& \ ; \&W a Wc h/ -
4 - E'
"
k F y + /" -
%*& +;,
* *A a*U8 _ Qc I + " ,?q %& 1
47 +I
٤٢٩
:
"#

!
$%&'

:

:&() *
,, -. .! /0 1. 2.* 3 4 .5! , #$%& ! ' () *+ : +
:( ..> 9..$ 2..* (..) ?%..! ,=/..6 (..7 ..8 + 9.. + !: ..;<
FED :4CB Ajihg@
?.I! 4.C G J /G! ,K6 J K J C H : C ?G !
M C ,L-
F9O* H1 :N H :. ,/6 ()
.7 . −T.! .;− Q <. , .' K. J RO+ (.) 2* + FFF:P;!
:.$7 , .7G 9I! UV WO - < 9) ?%! , G?G X 7X<8! G 7 ROV
(.) . , #$%.& (.) ?. & 9.X Y.)! ,?.Z 9O* H1# C#)8!
F J K J 9X 7) /6
. ?.! ,G .7#)I :.$ .! Aa@ : I ( > Q :− -
– ?!
FAjihg@ :( > 9I ? [ 8* C#)$X :. Y G OO
:
- # ,#

1 ./
654 2 "&
3 0 ,- "-0

! ,9..7 \..] ! ,Y C%.. ! ,/..X (..) ?. .% .. .. .. :7)
F^Z
Fa b Y /6 () , , 9Xc :. X_$

8 + (+ RO `+
Fjhfi :K ! ,ghf= :eC eG : dX =
k .8 *+ 9.) (+ RO `+ L# 3 i
9.X8 ?.7 #$%.& ! .' (.) &
F

٤٣٠
:& 1I :3#% AG −
: D D ?***: ***0<M D: : z D : D
J *ID J **
h6** 9 *D %***& 9 D F
D J D a** D J 9 D x****
*****0 D *U 9 D : i"D *****D ?****
C *
c
40 _ h8 \& D : D I \&8 a i" :+
8 ]"
,%*/= +*0 ;f*
+,)*0 &" ,N)/ 8"r f0 (Q iq / ?
c
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/, \)
P a< :f
,iq :?
c
4N& + \ 3 ,<' %& ?/, ?W0 i>
4 8"r f
%& (7 q + 8 &" ,s8 , i"
,('*< * *&" i " a :U& ,! i> :f, xU
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/,
P f
" ,iq ]"
4¤[ '
C D D
C D i" \&8 h8 \ _ ?/,
P 0
:& 1I :I#0)9 AG −
: D D * J/ G; 9: :
D D *
* D/I J 9 *&D Z*
9 *D
* v *
8 D 9 D F ***D/ | 9 D *0D 9 D %**
D D "** D 9 *D ** v *ID D
J 9 *ID 6**

C D I ]" 2 \&W h8 Vr" ,UW %& \&8 a :678
4¤[ '
~¦ :%* M +I :+= 4a ¤c \&W a <; :x ,%8 ]L AG −
F \c**M \**,I # **& \**- _ ¤**c :** :***8 , :¨**§¢¡
4\&W a 1& ¬' rU8 ,\&W a +/& ¤[" , %& 7
4N& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, ,Z)0"
AM i> §~¦
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ F a a;< a3 §¦
4iq ]" ,(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 F ¤c §¡¦
+0 ;
` N)/ ]" ,('< 2! &" , 8P " a §¢¦
iq* ]" ,+ W %F \&W a n
P I" ,\&W a 1 W
٤٣١
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/,
P fU"
4&
O _ \& rU" ,, ¤c NP :*8 ,g &
O NP
v ;
v :+="
42&" v
D ¨- r] :+="
42&" 2
8 \& rU" ,, & ¤c :¨- :*8
1*&F ¬* xr8 ,; z
O NP z
\! H :U? b 8 Y 08 AG −
4\! ]" ,+,I i- %& & +0 NP \&W a
\)*
P f" ,\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 H
4\&8 h8 \ _ ?/,
4H * m ,"" ! \!
\*&8 a* ]" \! :* (]G ('< 2! &" ," E 0 NP
4\! %& ; ] 2;7M '
P +&8" ,\ W \& \ ;
a* ] +
8 \ " ,(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W ;
O
4+,I \&W
:O A
*[$%C @ S R S P (#c
S S P Q +P S #? @ P S +P S S Rc U
R
@ S P )P 3
S P 4S P I#0 R
S S S
:& 1I \= 8"rO i- <; I
:: 9 D D ?******0FR :
: D *
L** 9 D ?**
9 *P>
D 9 D
**
D 9 *" : 9 *
D D a
** D J
**D 9 *D a*****
9 *UWA D D *: E*****
J C J D
8***** J *W>
4i"r i-8 ,
8 1! EW> :;7"
*
O D \*&W a* \&
*<; Q* V*" ,+* 8 \*& : D D "S y= %F (SF E
, _
4i- W- " ,, & + O¤[ f! " ,UW " ,?W0 %&
٤٣٢
:O A
R o
R X !
S
w R S P (WS S x Q
P R Q Uo
P ?
*[$ Q S S P v0C U8 S P S /
P S ~
c P SS
Q Q S
* f?*S %*& * ; a* F" ,\&W a 1&F ! %F Wc Z]" *
:V
: : D *7
D : ?******:,U : J *MD ***8 :
H*****
C *D *****
J *
9 C F ¯ 9 *****
D DD O 9 J V***
****
z *U
D D Z*** v : D
9 ****J/D ***
,c
\ 8 ,¤[ '
k
` &8
O h8 –
,c ]" – \&W a :+
8 ]"
4 7 ap& f?S %& ;
B /]
¤*c :+*&F" ,¤[ ' ' 8 E'
" ,, E'

,c :Z
!"
4
,c ZU / :\- " ,ZU / :," ,7
:*; V* %*&" ,h*! *& W ,c V %& a<L; +0 :aU
& 8
4apI ";L
+I V %& \
" ,h & + ¤[; \
8" ,\
8
,c :+
& ""
4h & \
W ¤cQ8 :a; §vuts¦ :% M
:l
\**&W a** Z)**/; a** **3
O \** W **A **8 ,+** 8 \**& \**&W a** \** ;
O
+* 3* W \*&W a* Z)*0 >" + 1 W %F ;
O O
\ W A F" ,+ 3 W
4
W \&W a Z)0
W %F ;
O \ W A F" ,>"
O
%*& *& * *A ,\* W \*& \

8 7 i- %& \&W a & %F (SF E
, _
4Ar i-
_ ;)*, *S I" , :^;) XS" , :
8<" , :hU h] :G0
4 :/ a 4)
O <; 3 \&W a 1&F
٤٣٣
: G+
O
:**8 ,+0'* *7/ J ¨*c %*& pI
4+*& O !O S& :17M :r: AG −
3 +* 8 *pI
O ;+* 1* W %*F b*; 3" ,pI
O \&W a3 \&8 +&
O
4m0 ]" 3 + 8 ;7/ VrA" ,I ]"
O
3* W r*c \*&W a*8 4* J :
D > r] :4 A
#
0 AG −
4
¯ ! ,+
4
'**
O +**
& )**0
D 3 a&L**
J "** r**] :(
#
0 AG −
4
W Z)/; a& ;K + 1 W
'
O " ,1" + 1 W )038
sq* H*A> %*& x* ,\*&W %*& 1* n- ] :!8# )
4+M/<"
:
6 + 8 \& \&W a \ ; *
O
,1* ,?*P %*& 1 f* ,7 \
8 1 :* % <; −
O
43 UW ?W/ I,' A ,1,73
*> ]** 1**- a**" , **- 1 V** _ Z,'**"
,\** W \** 1*
4n; 2/& 1 ; 2r] _ \ h/8 Wc nc"
:
6 \
8 1
O <; −
41,73 " 1 %& 1; −
4i- " +/& ¤[ " UW " ?W0 %&
O <; −
+* 8 *A F *3
O *<
8 ,"L*" x + 8 a<> \&W a rcQ; *
4VrA + 8 A F ;
O <;" ,3
O
4 :j[ > ,N& )I

٤٣٤
‫ ﺇﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺻﻴﻎ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬

: D ,\
8
: ,1 W:
4\ 8 D 9 ,1 J 8D ,1 8 D 9 %&− 'c ?]"
C :−US
?]" , , N8
C ,\ W sI" (=A _ , d ;\&W a 7 2rU8
e (=A :?/ M
4N
:?A U=" ,\&W a >
k %& \ W \& \ M
) 2r]"
:& 1I :A
W AG *
: *: [ D : ***U
F
** D 9 D n**
D *7& : C D *:
**
D D b3** DD
D 9 *" D D !
***U D 9 D : ***, : 9 *
O C D N** DD
D ***c
\* M *,
*- ?*]" ,(]G W U,)0 &" , )/ 1> O ,CD

4\ W \&
\* _ ?*/, ,\)
P :]" ,<' %& ?/, ! i> :%F U
F
4, :* m +,S" ,!
,(]*G *W +,)*0 *&" ,N)*/ *, :** + 1 W :1! U!
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/, \)
P :]" ,iq :1!"
Q S AG *
:& 1I :A
W
: C : D : D: : : : : 9 D : N"P
I***** D *08
J *&D V***** O D *****
J *&D F D D ¨D J n
'
U0* 9 C \)/ v J D
4+ 1 W d %& ¨ Z)/; N"P :*8
q** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 ,E**0 :2;**7M i"r** **, ¤**c N"P
4(]G
('< &" , i " a :\)0" ,! i> f, \)/
4 :\)W XS" , :\

7& XS _ E
, r] "
4 :\)W XS" , :V' ^P"" , :^;) XS _ E
, r] "
٤٣٥
4N"P* m +,S" ,iq ]" ,(]G
4('< 2! &" " +
F iq n
'

*- +*
8 \* " ,(]*G *W +,)*0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W ¨
4N"P ,
D : /
*U<p :**8 4 /
'* *I/ */ *
=A :x ,*U<p :
v D 9 D +0F :A
#P AG •
4/ ,
) 1
R
**,
)** +** 1** W :f&**8 ,2**& *
9 *D f*
D *& v * # :!(
WS AG •
D J h
*
4h

:& 1IJ :!
W R S AG •
J : D *****U
*****;8 : 9 D : 9 : 9 *****!
D D
*****< J D : : : *****
9 D *IL
?******P& J : D a*****
9 *U0
: DD
J C D ?0*****
D *M
: D h*! ?]" IL
*& *dA %*& \
*" ~*& _ ¨L* J : D E 8
,*/ E8r* 8q* E*0A * F ; 8q* E'
d %& \
IL h /
4\ W \& & d %& 18
O
,\
8 3 O
UI" ,1" K= 3 '[ =A" :] 17; *
(** N*P * N*P :D
k :1*7; *8 ,\** W *<M ?q*7M *UA" ,*M
c \* 8"
4?I, rA" ,(>"
:O A
Q R S !8W
! x R S 8 x P S 3WR
P S DG
S Q T
Q S P A
#
A
W R T
XS
S P P A
W
R R S S S !
*[$!
W x
X S !(
WR S 3W
R
S R S S
!8 P
R S v0C(W
Q
R
S w S P SS
:_ (*=< \&W a \& \ M ?]" ,\ W _ (=<

WM d" , ,
- %F (SF

, _
: D \
8
4\ 8" : D _ 7"
k : ,1 W"
9 : 1 8" 1 8 C
٤٣٦
‫ ﺇﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬

:#
;
D 9 J ,)/
4<" C ]
J 9 D 0 ,+ W" > %& 1
:8j
1* W a* 3F ,\*&W a* *& \*= 2&" ,+ 8 \& \ ; ]"
D : J :1**7M *<8 ,1**U ¬)* \** W \*=
– 1**U f*/, – **;L N*P
: 3* W +* A F" ,\&8 Zp0 :;L8 ?;L N"q :17M
]*> h*8J v
\! r] :\= ,2 N"q O D D %
\! r]" 4?W<; 8WA D 9 J :\= ,cg Z)0":
v D J
42 Nq;
D 9 J
:O A
Q S S :S R
R "#; x
# S PQ R 8W R S R w
*[$! A Q P S
S )P b>
! R )9 S z Q S !
P Q S
R S P W# S P Q S Y
@ S S b>
3WR A
#
R Q P P R (? R !
#
x P R S IW
*p$3#0
S Q S%

P S S S S PS
:] 1I"
**, h**88 ,2**,&
J N"q** f**! :1**7M ,**0A **
8 \**&W a**A **]"
l*[; 3" ,2*,& N*P D : J xr* f*! :1*7M A ,+&8 7 apI +0 %& N"q
,2*,& N"q* *; :1*7M" ,*" n* %*& 2&3 +/
L V 1&F
42**,& N"q9*D :1**7M **; 3" ,1,7**3 " 1** +** H F +**
8 +** 8
O
&3 ,;L N"q :17M 3" ,?p'< 8c ,?P ;M E0"
O
4Wc¥ 8c
4\&W a3 ; +& ; 1 W a %F (SF E

, _
*A 1* W h*8; *U8 ,1*U ?*/, \* W a*<> %*/ _ 1 W a a<> %F
;
4+ 8 + 8;
٤٣٧
:l
_ +* s*8 *] * %*F +8*PF *; +*0Q \*&W a & 1 W a L
;
a*3 Z)*0" ,i*- h!
P %F +/& / \;M V" ,%/
4-7 s :170 aK ,2-7 ( s :17M ,+
, %&
4
7 ; %F
[ U
-0 _ 7 \
[ :h8j c
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , \
[
1* W a* *]" ,(]*G q* + 8 &" ,s8 , ¤c 7
D: D
D D D \&
41U ?/, \ W \&
('*< * *&" " a :?-0 :U
-0 ,! i> :_ _
?*/,
*P *] :**" iq* ]" ,\7= ]U| h/ (7 U
-0
.7 * m +,S" ,+
F iq ! \ _
1** W a**3 (]**G q** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 \**&8 Z**p0
[
47

4 :\
7& XS" , :V' ^P" :G0
٤٣٨
‫ ﺇﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳ‬

:I#
;
4\
qWM
B) W) ?]
%*& E* F ;\
qWM %& 1M 3 < ,\&W a U, W- '> :*8
:**8 ,HW)* *
7 ]
B i[ V" ,H,=
WM ?]" ,'> :/7 \
qWM
*; :*/I i*[ ,* %*F +*P %& %7,
+0 %& 1; 3 ,&
O NP ;
4+ K W- '8 ,+! '>
:I8j 2
:"S U ;"
:I( 8 I
60 9+ −[
%*& ,'*> +*U!" *; :170 ^); 3" ,+U!" '>
v ; :170 :O AG
a* UU, E& 0F \&W a U, W) ;'>
v * \&8 +U!"
,n
*P *U&8 s*8 * s*8 ?U8 ,\ W +U, \& 0F \&W a" ,\&W
4U
& 7 ]
8 \ M U m; 8 , ;I
B ?U8 V %& f/"
:I%8 (]%+
I
/ 9+ −p
4i- %& ;
q \) :x ;?,, _ 3F \ M 8
+*!" ,*U&8 U8 ' s8 /] +!8 ,+U!" '> \! H :G
**U8 \**! %**& ** ;
q**"
**P %**F iq** **U8 ,'**> %**& **
,/!
`
**
'> \! H :17M 8 ,+& ^); 8
,/!
` A F " ,' i-
4&
O NP \! H :\= ,?,/! _ \ ; ^)
8 \&W a ,&
O
3" ,f*g Z'*> *U

8 a;*A :1*7; *8 ,\-8 U
" U/
\)W; 3 U& q;
O ;
4 :hU h] :G/; 4(]| <M " ,1 @ ;
٤٣٩
:O A
R R S )
*[$!8W Q S R P Q IS R
S P I] b%

@P S R 8W
! R S C
w S S
R 0) T S ?R
P Q P #
:I] #} A
A4+
4" ,Z)/" ,h8 :?]" ,1> KK U, W) 1
:JW :9+
@
:
U!" %& V"
:**8 ,+*U!" z
J J 9 D '*> \*! H* :*0 ,\*&8 +*0 %*& *&8
O <; :AB
+0 ;\! %& ;
P U
8
'> x U, W)" ,\&8 +U!"
J J 9 D
3" ,&*8 *U *<
8 &*8
O
q* V* *< \*! %*& * ;
P U
8 A
4&8 + \& !;
'*> \*! H :17M ,n- _ '
P 1 <; :FG
+U!" <;" ,\&W ] <
8 ,\! %& ;
P '> _ <
8 ,+U!"
O
4\! Y +!8 ,\< Y , 1 N
q V 3
\)
P f" ,\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 H
4\&8 h8 \ _ ?/,
('*< * &" i " a \!" ,! i> f, \!
4H * m (]G
4\ W \& \ M U, W- ?]" ,(" \! * W- '>
*]" ,(]*G q* +* 8 *&" ,s*8 '*> :** \*&8 :+!" +U!"
\**&8 " 4+**
F iq** * ! \** _ ?**/,
**P f**U" ,iq**
V* * ,\*A * Y* 1* +*U!"" ,*U
8 '*
*P '>
4' m/" +! '> :\= @ U&8 ! ' ?]" , U, W) & %F E
,
;
٤٤٠
4 8P ! \ _ ?/, \)
P fU" ,q;
O s8
q
:d}% :(cV
@
:q;
O U!" +"
4(<0 A F V" ,L
%& )/

O <; :AB
4UO!" v D D ; :G
9 D '>
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 , ;
4\ W \& \ M \&W a3 U, W- ]" ,s8 ¤c '>
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ L
M U!"
O
4 8 A F r]" ,+ 1 W +
, %& Z)/ :FG
4+!
D '> ; :G
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , ;
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c '>
O
h*I" '* ;+* 3* W
*" ,+* 1 W +
, %& N)/ +!
+**0 ,1** W **W ]**| _" ,\**&8 ** h**I" _ **U8 ,+**
& 3 +**/
4N)/
@
:M :GV
4 W) 8PF <
8 , 8P U ; I x
:
4+! J D D ; :G
'>
4+
F iq +!" ,iq ]" ,2¤c '> ,, ; :*8
:O A
R P IR JWW
!} S S A+P S h}
P S ;X S Q P S – A+P S /
S Q S A+P S J
S S –
X Q S d}c
P S S PSP S
S S AP +S R
: P ) @ Q −A+P S J
P S − IS R M;
P Q P S 9
S S ,
@ X M @ S Q IS R
S Q P W`
٤٤١
R R R R x S "j S R R
S S R
S )Q rM S IW Q L
P S ! P S
P S
S S I(0
S S W P S

‫ ﺇﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌ‬
:#
;
4(;L" A %& W) ]
4"& A ; :G
:
/ %& 1M A *8

4< _ &
O ; ;
O −
4"& %& < _ (; ;L −
O – \
qW a8
cg & ]> " W- _ AS
¡
S %& 1; −F
4 W) VM _
a** ¬)**; 3 +**0 %**& 1 , A** %**& ** W)** :**] ** 1**I *
;)* * h*I n
'* :1*70 *8 ,1q*W \*PW +
8 ; 3 \
qW
4E
, s (
' :170 3" ,-
O h7M 3 )
:!(`#0 ) 594

:H3> K \
qW a3
:bB *
:
M- _ V" ,
Ar" 8
O U
8 <;
* \q*8 *; :V*7A , 8*P" 1 * *
O *<; :bB D}
** \q**8 **/]" ,"**& ** \q**8 "**;L" ,"**& ** \q**8 **;L" ,"*&
4V
B ; 3" ,"& \q8 H/U" ,"& \q8 /U" ,"&
4 :n; §}|{zyxwv¦ :% M # 1I
٤٤٢
s r q p o n m l k¦ :% M 1I"

} | { zy x w v ut
4 : §ba`_~
4 & h
0= _" ,
/K3 h %" ;g _ 8 78
O
*;L" ,\*! \q*8 *; :1*78 ,(*<0 %*F 8q* <; :(cG D}
,
M* \q*8 */U" ,( \q8 /]" ,1! \q8 ";L" ,
! \q8
4('0 \q8 H/U"
:V 1I
R
P S S (o x % Q P S R /j
*p$
S 4 X S /+
Q S R P+Q
@ P ;S f S z Q +P S `
P S Q PRS
:(cG *
O
,\q**8 **; :**0 ,1 :*** %**J **A F V**" ,+8**- **7 **<;
,
q**W **/U" ,%q**W **/]" ,q**8 "**;L" q**8 **;L"
4\qW " H
qW H/U"
4%/= +0 ;n + 8 &" ,s8 , ;L
4%/= +0 ;n + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c q8
:GG *
4h"
/=" 8 _ i- s,M " 7 & U
8 ;
O U8r*> *;" ,1q*W ( :* 2 %Mo; 2r] _"

ÖÕ¦ :%* M # 1*7A *GW
4 :nU< §ÚÙØ×
n[ _
Ar" 8 > L; (<0 %F iq " 1 \
qW \ 8 %F
;
4Z
A
4 :V' ^P" :G/; 4( 2 %Mo; 3 2r] _"
٤٤٣
O
q*8 :E*I E¡S F" ,7 \q8 ;L :17M , 8 8q A F V"
_^¦ :%* M # 1*I 4^)8 7 &" ,?I, _ VrA" ,7
¤£¢¦ :%* M # 1*I" – f*
– ?-> :\7; a" , :(7, §`
4U
¤A :\7; a" ,m8 : 0 §¨§¦¥
4 ;g 2r@ +
& "
C J 7 h/ +0 b' &"
:$ O A
P S R P S R 8
*[$W
S R Q
R P S P S Q ("+
P S (I S R P S R
P W

R
P A+P S
S S vT ]E S ; PR S
O
_ *I r*U" ,*7 +* 1* W Z)*/; 3 \
qW a %& !" *
9 D :** 0 §ÆÅÄÃÂÁÀ¿¦ :%** M +**I
E'**
**
O
iq*; * Y* \* 8 ;+*
F 8q* O
3" ,1* W Z)/; 3 +0 ;a&Q 3 W
4a& +
& 1 i"r \ W N)/ ] \ ,
q a& :;7 <
8 ,+
F
:! nC
k :170 , Q' X0 \,I
\ 8 sI ^); [; 3 \
qW \ 8 F
h*8; *0F" ,]*|
O h8; a 2/ \ W sI" ^); a 8 ,3 " ,+ I _ 2/
4\qW %& ; xr '
q
4"& \q8 ; :G
4; %& p&
P \q8 ?W8
* :?*]" ,\*< Q'* _ *A ]*|
O
O h8 2/ \ W sI" ^- F"
J
4;
& _ +/ \< +/
& _ '> !
O E;
4]
B"
Ar" 8 _ +,I +7 EL 1 :* 07
O A F \
qW \ 8 %F (SF
٤٤٤
s*I" ^)*; \
q*W a* ;]*| a* *]" '*> :** s8 \<8
42/ \ W
:: & / /+ :! nC ' "
4?d " ,UW " ,?W0 −
4 / a 2 −
4\
qW a i- / a −
4;,& +'W0 %& \qW a / a −
:AG & ! nC &
4 ]" ,?W0 −
4\! ]" , /! a 2 −
4'> ]" ,\
qW a i- / a −
:\*< *]" ,;*,& +'*W0 %*& \q*W a* \
q*W a* A" −
2*,& x ;;*,& ,2*
B ?/
& _ \< %& \qW ; ?/
& _ \<8
4;,& +'W0 %& \q8 \<8 ,2
B ?/
& _ 2,& %&" ,; ?/
& _
J
?; ?/
& _ +/ \< O E; \] :I#0)9 AG
+
/
& _ '> !
k > <; 3 :3I% AG
4V
F +/
[ +
F Z>
:< _ 7M 78
43 ]" ,?d -
4> ]" /! a 2 " -
4Z>
e \
qW a i- > / a" -
4;,& +'W0 %& \qW
[ a \
qW a A" -
4N& + \ 3 ,<' %& ?/, ,UW i> \]
٤٤٥
\)
P f" ,\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 E;
4\&8 h8 \ _ ?/,
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ * + 1 W !
O
4(]G W U,)0 &" )/ \! * W- '>
*]" ,%*/= +*0 ;f*
2! &" " a :?/
& ,! i> :_ _
,+**
F iq** **! \** _ '**< %**& ?**/,
**P :f**U" ,iq** +
/
&
4'> * m "" "
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 '> * \&8 \<
4'> * m "" ! +/
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> _
,iq* *]" ,%*/= +0 ;f
2! &" _ * " a :?/
& ?/
&
4(]G ('< 2! &" ," +
F iq :;" ;
4(;L" A %& W) ] :!(`#0 ) *
:H3> K +"
O
4(<0 %F 8q " , 8P" 1
O A F
Ar" 8 L; −
O
41 :* I F +8- 7 <; −
O
4 8 %F 8q A F V" , +
8 ; −
V*" ,2/ \ W sI" ^- F V" ,]|
O
O \
qW a h8; I *
4\
=" X 7M I" ,\< Q' _ A
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘـــﻮﺍﺑــﻊ‬
٤٤٧
‫ﺑـــﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘــﻮﺍﺑـﻊ‬
*8 ,*]
*
, \
,* %*& 3F N& U'; 3 ? H< ?] h
,/(] >8 ,(n0 ,~
% : 'c ?]" ,
, \
, %& 3F N& U
8 Ko;
4A] ,vC% >8

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻌــــﺖ‬
:
0
4+&, W ;, + 1"o " ,m h ]
:
0 12
4h h
! \; /! h :+I -
v
* m* +*0 ?*/ M" ,h* *
7 b[; m 1"o " m :+I -
4< ]" ,) m a;<8 ,a;< ; :17M ,) " \ W (
,\
q*W a*" , U,* W)" ,1 W a" ,\&W a :] m"
4 ,
-"
'**> \**!" ,N"q** \**!" ,N*
v *P \**! r**] :Z**
M %**& **= "
4NP"
v ,V/ a&"
J ,+!
4%U" ,/ :\= , 0 O
O <; ^); 8 + 3"o `
3" 7 <; a 8
:\= ,m 1"o"
?**] 2r**] :**0 ,m** +**- h** +**/ 1"o**; +**08 :A? ) −[
,Nr*A xr \! f!" , c'/ HP :x ,U['0 ? HP
4N< :x
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 f!
٤٤٨
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 \!
4\! E 0 h8 \ _ ,<' %& ?/, ,1- a xr
,*] :2;7M ,!
O '
P \&W" ,^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 NrA
4N& U \ 3 ,1- - "
+**- h** 1"o**; +**0 ;2**! h** 1**- a**3 n**- **! **0F" *
4N< \! f! :;7" ,m
4 , W- 7; 8 ,D ,
9 D :1- a3 %/=';" *
H**" ,?**/,;; r**] V**& :**0 ,m** 1"o**M **d8 :D2e ) −
4+
F –
= _ – ;7" 444r]
:i*<" ,iq* \*&" ,(]*G q + 8 &" ,s8 , V&
4 8P ! \ _ ?/, \)
P
4\& :* E 0 h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, (SF a r]
4, ¤c h8 \ _
W " ,1 W" \&8" \ 8 ?/,;;
_ E*" ,*/U %*F '*/
O :x ,;*/]
` *!
O E; :hC% )9 −s
4] %F '/ :x , ;]
\)*
P f" ,\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 E;
4\&8 h8 \ _ ?/,
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W !
O
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ E 0 ;/]
`
4a& Z>- :x ,a& " \! f! :0 ,Z>- %/ ? :*$ −
4 7 <M L; 8 h
7 "
٤٤٩
4+ "o 3" 7 E'
!Q8 , ! 7 f! :(0 AG -
4# ,& X" f! :/(] >8 AG -
4 7 E'
" (! U<8 ,?&" f! :vC% >8 AG -
`
:*0 ,W (&F +0< 3F
< ,7 <; 78 :3k# (0 + -
4m ]"
AM y= \PW8 ,\PW \PW ; f!
_ V* 1*= ,E* 0 *
B m* h* <; I :EI 8 :] 1I
n**& _" ,¨"**W **& 1**I" ,m;)** **< ** 1**I :V**I 1**," **
,
4&S"
O ,MA
O E; :m'/

*W
[ %*&
,7 - d 3F
7 0A F" ,¨"W" m;) :EI
(*p %*F ¨7*S3 (*p * ,'*8 ,"*&" *; :**A ,& N
7>3 ¸
**] H** / V**" ,+**M / ir**> E** 0 Ar** 1**= _ &*
O *S" **
O
,1** W W**- **] **0F , **7
7 _ 3** W
** **,MA
O Vr**A" ,i**
4&S
O !"
O ,MA
O !O E; :\- "
:O A
R R RR R
*[$v S S P
P 08 P S +P S )
R )
S P SR y Q JT R ;S ~
P S )S S 0
v] PX S
Q
%W
R 0% R R 2R P RP S
*p$dC
P S P Q S R S o
S S I] P S P R S S d
}
h S P Q R ~
c
x P S S v0
4+&, Z, W- " +&, W-

,; hM +0Q E / n; M A
4m U
,S `
O " 7 <; 3 E / %F
;
٤٥٠
:~
% am+
:U] (
=A E / ~B"
* +,;7M" ,U@F \
7 %/ ,H</ l
)[M :x ,t(}L0 −
H* xr < ,"
=A 1! /U8 ,ZMA \! H :0 ,XP
4ZMA +
*,6 */U8 ,*
e Z* q*> :\= ,i ^
PM :x ,{("0 −
4 ] q> xr < ,"
=A
**
W; 3 **]" ,E** 0 :>**8 ,a
>** >** # a'** ,\**= ,1 −
O
4X 8Q8 ,V %F !
# ;W; M 3" )
)[M
O
a* E* /8 ,i"*
*8 ,a
!*
* * # & :\= ,o −
4r 8 0F" ,)
)[M
O 2W;
3" )*
)[M
O C :\= ,40
*W; a*
<'*8 ,
<'* *,& a*> aCUJ −
+**r ; +**>/! '**< p** Z**0 ** :**0 ,i"** **, ;
*
O *PM
4a
¡
E 0 A" :(7,§ãâá¦ :% M # 1I :+= ,(0 −
+*=" , '[ n P ]" , A <M 3 ( ;( Ao
*[W0 ** E* 0 (*>" :**8 : I §cba`_^¦ :q;
O
+*/" , *[W0 +*I * *UW (*>" dA V" ;x
AM E 0 ]"
4 ; J :
J 3 : :aUI
٤٥١
:~
% C+
4?,," ,?7
7> :
'I %F E / a'7/;
:36(6 ~
% :9+
@
:#
;
4+L/ ]
8 " ,+&, W0 _ W- %& 1 ]
:0:8
4H / %& ;
P
O h8;
\*! *
7
7>
` * 0 C D 7; Ec :G
O +0A" , 7; W- f/8 ,f/
4 7; i- %& ; '
P +
8" , 7; Hr W- f/B
4\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 Ec
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W 7;
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ E 0 fC/
:4
(* " ,(*& * * _ +8*- h*,; * 3 +0 ,?7
7 E / a<>
:?]
4h " ,
/= " ,8 : -
4u
0Q " ,
Ar :s/ -
4
</ " ,n; -
4 " ,Z)/ " ,h8 :N& -
,*W :*U8 ,(& _ ; D a;<8 ,a;< ; f! :O AG
O m6
4s8 , 8 ,Ar
٤٥٢
:nC
*W
O *<; +* 0 _ *! \*I& *
B Ar*
'*<M h*! H* / A F
:0 ,
O u0o h!
D O
" =0o
4 7]S 1,! 2r] -
4H7]S 1,! 2r] -
4 ;6 N' 2r] -
4H;6 N' 2r] -
4 7W ,c 2r] -
4H7W ,c 2r] -
48 %" "
O *W
" *=0o O *<; +* 0 _ ! \I& Ar
'<M h! H / A F
4
O Ar h! " ,
'<M h!
O
4
A ,f
A ,
A 3W6 EI *
4
8" ,f
8" ,
8" /!
O E; *
: a08
z :* cD Z̄* PD *J *! r**] :aU**7 V** %**& ~*
**]" s**8 W**-8 4N D : *&
J9
4Nc ]" ~W[ 9
J
,+q**W[; ** aU/**" ,+**
8 1<**SF 3" ,*c
O h**8M N** **=A :N**"
:V _ "0" ,(" YW[08 ,~W[ +M" V _ Z,'"
: : : D 9 ******: \******- : : C
******/
9 D C ******&7 D D v 9 D 9 : D J 9 f?****
"**** 9 a****<> D 9:
: 9 J fJ ****&F
: D *
N***** D 9 Y*****
J * R D 9 *: +*****I
9 D ***** J D D F 9: : : *cD Z***
N*** : *!
¯ *PD *** D *]D \***
9 J r*** 9: D
: *=A
4 j , ' 4 ,_ /

٤٥٣
: *
*** D 9 *** J : ***
: 9 * J * J *co;
D r*** 9 *ID
D 9 J *** : D : V*****
****** D *: D ?******8: "*****
J D *0"9D D
:3]]C ~
% :(cV
@
:#
;
m'* a*3 *A F"− *7
7 +*!" %*& +
& m' a3 E /; 3 ]
*<;" ,2 {Q; ]|
O
O E /; +/< −q; O
O M / x/ X-3 _ %';
xr* ]
c a3 r]" ,m' a3 %& ;
P %&
O + &8
O
4 Z,' m' \); +0 ;?,,' ?';
O E* I" *U *<8 ,+/ U \! r] :17M :G
m'* a*3" ,* 0
+ \) + s8 m> a3 E /; /] E / ^P " ,H / ]
4H / %& ;
P
:? / %& 1= r] N 0"
4, h8 \ _ ,<' %& ?/, (SF a r]
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c \!
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ?,, E 0 U
*]" ,(]*G q* +* 8 *&" ,s*8 *U \*&W a3 \&8 +/
4+
F iq ! \ _ aq %& ?/, ,\)
P :fU" ,iq
4+/ N, \! r] :+/"
4, h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, (SF a r]
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 ¤c \!
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ?,, E 0 N,
q** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 N**, 1** W a**3 \**&8 Z**p0 +/
iq* *! \* _ ?*/, \)*
*P :fU" ,iq ]" ,(]G
4+
F
٤٥٤
:4
:}78 'c
¡
S _ m' a3 H / h,; ?,,' E /
4N& −
4
</" n; −
\*! r*] :17M ,u
0Q "
Ar ] }78 >" f?S _ m> a3 h,;"
4+/ (U \! r]" ,+/ U
\*! r*] :1*7/8 ,E* / *8F Z*!" %*/= " W
O m> a3 A F •
42/ U \! r]" ,+/ U
\q*8 8 *
O u*0o h*! " ,
O Ar h! m> a3 A F •
(*U \*! r*]" ,2*, l*[ \*! r*] :17/8 ,W
O E / <;
4+M/
r*] :1*7/8 ,h* " ,*8 E / _ ; +08 ,
'<M h! A F •
42®/ A " fA 6" r]" ,2®/ a;A 6"
:(
]0 8 ~
% J>
:> + s,M " h7 u
> E /" *
4h7" s,M E / _ ! E / "
O H / A F :bB
4!"
` ,,)0
O " , 8 J
O ,H / E / K :] s,M"
,*&8
O *A F +,)*/ ,?B Z,' H / E / h,M fF :U8 h7
4"
O A F +,)0 " + 8" ,)/
O A F + 8"
O
4i"r \ W + 3 W N& Z)/ %F h8 h7 A 8 -
4i"r , O¤c N& h8 %F Z)/ A F" -
4a;<
D v f! :O AG
;
4X " ,?/& 7 \ W N)/ :a;<8
٤٥٥
4]G ^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 f!
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 ;
*&" N)*/ – X* " ?/& :2;7M i"r \ W – + 1 W a;<
D
4(]G W +,)0
4\D
[, ;
v f! : G
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 f!
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 ;
4 \[, ; " ?/& :2;7M ,i"r \ W N)/ + 1 W \
[,
4
<' z H : G
;L
D
4 8"r a> * " ,?/& * F N)/ + 1 W :
<'
:"r XS _ ] 1I
*! ,&
7 t H :0 ,E / "
O H / A F"
*P Z)*/" ,*] *P h8* h7" ,YW[
8 s,M :+!" KK +
8 V
: 9 " lc :
W*- _ XJD*"
9 ,^
*P W- _ ?/& k J \ W V <; Z;" ,\ 98
J ,X
Y* 1*I \= _ y=" ,Ar 1= _ A 1" 8 ,r W- _ e"
D # :N
j¦ :%* M +*I _ *A u*=" – Z)/ – \]
: D*P
, 9 Z)*/
C ,Z : D D
D > :h,' _ 7; :' §lk
4?] P " s,M %& h8"
:V 1I
S R P Q J> R R R S J
%
S P S +P S Ic
P S P I`
S Q R S%(

X S Q
P P R J
Q S /j P R];P + P >S P S
4 j ,] 3 "r XS

٤٥٦
R R R S JW
*[$
S IkS P
S @ ?cS +P S +
P S ] @ S S0]
PQ `
S S P Q ~
S
> P R d}
P S S /j P cP + P SP S
:−h7 H3> − (cG
D 9 J 3 E / A F
4h7 ; 3" s,M Z; +08 ,HW) s 3F a ;
i- A F V" ,Z
[ & ZM< H :G
*M xr* * a* ; *8 ,HW)* 2r]
W) W); KK + _ +A;
4H / %/ a E / ;s,M /] Z
8 , == W) 3F +W-"
*! UA d" q
O H / A" ,>" H / H / H M F" *

* ;
C D D D 3 *
8 Z*!" Y ,* " Uq* , /

O A F" ,h7" s,M
!
O U
8
4h7" s,M +0"
;
8 !" ,s,M + 3F
:O A
R R R RSP
~
P S R P Q io

];+ X R P @ 60# Q P ;S S
~ P S S 5
P S GQ S 5
T
c PRS
Q Q /j
R J> R R R S J
P Q P S P I`
*s$S%
S
P S +P S Ic
S Q R S%(

X S Q
P P R J
Q S /j P R];P + S P S
P >
4+&, W ;, + 1"o " m h ] E /
4F444 U, W)" ,1 W a" ,\&W a ] m
4F444(S" ,1- a + 1"o"
r¡/
>" ,E / " i-
M F h7 ; +0" ,E / hI a<> %F –

, _ –
;
47 \ W + 1 W " ,7 , ¤c +0 %& + 8 ;
. :] 3 ,V' ^P"" , :\
7& XS
*!" ,*@ 3F ^q*; 3 H* / *A F (* H* / _ s*,M N!" %F (SF

, _
4d"
;
8 h7" s,M
٤٥٧
*A F +)*
)[M" , *8 *A F H* / ^
PM :E / ~B a]" -
42
AM " ,+ " ,+>" ,(<0
:?,,'" ,?7
7 :] 'I E /" -
E* /; 3 * :*] 3]]C ,+*&, *W0 _ W- %& 1; ] :36(6W
4+/ Z,' ] ¡
S
O E /; \ +
& m' a3
N** ;" ,s**,M" h**7 +**
8 **! E** / "** ^q**; H** / **A F -
O
4i"r , O¤c " ,7 \ W + 3 W s7
Z*!" *
!
O *@ 3F ^q*; 3 H* / *A" H* / H M F VrA" -
4s,M U
8
4+
F h!8 \
=" X 7M I"

٤٥٨
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴــﺪ‬
:#
;
4U' " 1> h8 +&, ;7M
O Ar; hM ]
:C+
4x/ " ,?GW :] 'I
A
:3k# (0 :9+

@
O " , 8
4 ! " ,8> O " ,
O ,Ao W < ?GW
A m7;"
**U8 **c L** :x ,**c **c 4Z** %**B *J *; *J *; :)9 AG
4fB %& N)/
1*I *0" ,)*/ f*! f*!" , * (¤*[ m*7M m*7M :!
# AG
:&
: : ?'*,>
: : 7>: C M
: D D M
: DD : D 9 : (****/
?'*,>
9 9 D J ?****, D 9 D %****FD : ;Q****8
D J D C ****; D 9D D
4x' X 3 3" ,m &

> 3 3 :U AG
:& 1I"
*****U&" O : D D ?*****&
J J D *****7K D 9 D DD D C : ******/= J : X******
D D 9 D Z****** J D 3D 3D
D C D Hr*****c ******U0F R J
+I" , −:X §°¯®¬«ª©¨§¦ :% M +I : M AG
: +***I" , − :K***< §ihgfedcb¦ :%*** M
4;I C
O "LB C
O "LB
#" ,;I #"
٤٥٩
:O A
R Q P 3
*[$3 S R6
R Q P :O P S S S Q
@ X R S 3Rk#P S
3M y
R (0
R X R
P S SS
4Z %B ; ; :/I :h8j c
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 , ;
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 ,?GW
AM ;
*]" ,r* *]U| * h*/ (*7 P + 8 &" s8 ¤c %B
4iq
4(]G ('< 2! &" ," +
F iq Z
+**<>" **
GW
` *O *
AM **
0= N** M 7'** **= _ (**< **A \**A" −
4+,I hM ?&
:%
(0 :(cV
@
;*
GW
` 3 ;/
` ?
D R J I" ,
A _ +-" 2&I + c. N r]"
4c. W ]/ <; \ ,UGW M 3 /] <
4+'W0 ; EI :17M \ – ; ; EI :17M 8
v [ :
0= _" ,+'W0 W
& :%" _ M
+
& 1; c. W
4W <; a" %/ A r@" ,+'W0
:(0 #+
:?]" , K _ \cM -c ¢W x/
A"
O 17/8 ,2" h +M&F 3 i>

AM /&
i*> * ,\* \* H* :=*
\)**W/ *,
q* *Ao;" ,H*[ ,3 ,3 :1*7/8 ,2* * *<M "* *Ao
8 N*
*0 EI :\= ,\)W/
q \)
q Ao; I A ,No E0 E0 :\= ,+=
q
4 E0 ZA :\= ,\)W/
q '
q Ao; I" ,?,!
٤٦٠
,*A , *& ,h*
! ,\*A ,
& , W0 :?] ¢W , aqM" :bB Df −
4
-
A f ?]" ,A
,
* ! " * ! ,f ! ,h! :?] f aqM" :(cG Df −
4
- 3 7 ?]" ,h!
4h" ,h)" ,hA :?] f KK aqM" :GG Df −
:bB Df C+
, 1> h8" ,Hr
AM + ; a'I :−q;
O –
'I %" a'7/M
4+
8 u; \)W0 i r]" ,1
AM + ;
J D J c. a'I"
:(
K#% (0 −[
,*
A .*7 _ * 7; a*" ,*
A *
" *
A '; 3 r]
4+/
& " ,+'W0
p EI :=
O 17M"
4V/
& oM 3" V'W0 aGM 3 :−q;
O – 17M"
4
= N&F /& V ^q;" ,
A 7M a
c 1= ?W8
4+'W0
p EI :_ 170
\)
P f" ,\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 EI
4\&8 h8 \ _ ?/,
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W
p
,iq ]" , W +,)0 &" N)/
p * x/
AM +'W0
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/, \)
P :fU"
4V'W0
D aGM 3 :17M"
4
]0 3
\*&W" ,<' +L! &"
]/ 3 "L sq \ 8 aGM
٤٦١
4E0 :2;7M !"
O '
P
,iq** **]" , **W +,)**0 **&" ,N)**/ +** 1** W : **W0 V'W0
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/, \)
P :i<"
* ;" * 1*> h*8" ,Hr*
AM U/ ;
A 0<;
>"
:? 1= +P; r]" ,Ao N&F
:178
444rA +/ E,6"
p EI −
444rA +/ E,6" +'W0
p EI −
,* \; Vr" ,
AM "
O < f! :bB M & −
,
p* Z*< \c a< <; – =
O – < 8 ,
, _ s'M3 "
O
+** *!
p**" a<*
**
*" Z**! *A **" ,+*
8 Z**! \*I"
4 N V" ,+,!> 3F \7; a ]" ,
p EI :17;
+**
W/; +'**W0 **
A a** ;" **
B 1**>3 r**] :(cG M & −
,Hr** **
A **/7 **/
/& ** r*]" ,+**! **U!"
O
p** \**I a<**8 ,2* ,;"
,+*/
& " +'*W0 * */A" +*/
& " +'*W0
0f! :−q;
O – 17; r<]"
UA ,
3 ;r@ 6/ W
| ?] VM +/
& " +'W0 ; E
>"
:
H[ s,M +
8 8 Z
A _
? %F EKM" ,+'W0 ? ? :\= , ] 9 Z )9
/
6 −
f*! :\*= ,\* * U,I Z' & – Ao :x – +,I I" 8 ,+/
&
_ 1**70 ,**P E**I _ E&**S F" , ,'** **
B ** 2r**]" ,Z** **W0
:
c N&F
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 f!
٤٦٢
4iq ]" (]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 W0
4(]G ('< 2! &" " +
F iq Z
* h*
! _ ^*P" r*]" ,Z )9 b 8
(" I(W / /+ −p
O
a* * " s*/ _ *7 *<;
q* r] _ ;" , = 2/ P"
:
= _ M A ,Ao
Z**/; Hf**! ,aU'**W0 "**;L f**!" ,U'**W0 **;L f**! ,+'**W0 **; f**!
4U'W0 H,/;L Hf!" ,U'W0 ,/;L Hf!" ,U'W0
a*3 m*; 3" ,* !
O %*/= h* \ '*; *
A a* EG>3 V "
3F , 7 ]'W0 , f! :17; <; +0 %& , _ Ao
4%/= h h
) U ' rU" ,< _ 3 O \I r]
,H*</ * 7; 3 d V" ;Dc 9 W
Z )9 / /+ −
4+/
& !
O E;" ,+'W0 \! f! :17; 8
:l
C 0 ,(pL f, ; I
" W/
&* EI" ,+'W/ ; EA
* Z'* *
` ;"* "
&8 "
)/ GWO ;" 0<
8 ,+/

4Ao a3 N&F +
& <;
?*/,
*P f" ,\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 EA
:f ,]r (</

AM _
O *S **
A **]8 F (**</ **
AM L**
; :((W dio −+
** **@7; l
)**[" **; ** ¡
*
4n;
O
*8 h*,M 3" ,i* *
A ¢W V" ;7 (</
AM h/; :(}] dio −h
4 :\
7& XS" , :\
U' XS" , :hU h] :G0 4(</
. :\
U' XS" , :/ a :G0
٤٦٣
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %&
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W ;
+*0 %*& *
` O "* :+'*W0 ,*p *! i*> :f,
N)*/ *GW +'W/
%**& ?**/, \)**
**P :f**U" ,iq** **W0" ;***** **
AM
4+
F iq ! \ _ '<
:O A
R "S J R R P R +S K#%
*[$ X S Q vS S ES x(
S Z S S
S + z Q
Q )9P (

PS P R P X R
R K(S
S R X Q
*p$
]0 P ;Q S
@ 4 S S P S
]; P R !
S R S /j x
Wn Q P S R I

S QP S P S
:0 ,: ,8 ,J( ,! : (0 −
3 1** **AoM ¢**W 2r**]" ,%**" (**L '**I ** y**= a'**7 ?**]"
3 *<" ,"q*> ;& ' a& 4"& q> :EI 8 ,Hr
:
9 : C J "®*! ad 2/& AQ;
Vr*" ,q*; a* *=A " aU/* *>" *<; *78 ,aU*
**& ,h*
! ,\*A ['**M %*F *
!
O a]q*> **AoM *;M
*> b*;
+*I _ *=A r*] V ^q;" ,aU& " aU
! " aUA "& q> :178
4 :+6 §|{zyxw¦ :% M
C J :+78
+*M;. aG 2 +0 h' G +/ < c 8 ,1 Ao; UA
4UA 3
4%/ _ \A L/ ]" A" ,A :U/"
" W/
A ]" +/ ( %F" ,x/ ]"
A s0 y= s/ %F (SF E
, _
4Ao
" +/
};
P %& +S ("P %F (SF +
8" ,

4\ 8 " %& @ %Mo;
" W/ 8 !
O " %/= A F Ao %F (SF E
, _
٤٦٤
f?** \**;" ,]**G **]" **
O * U¡
\**
8 ,**;L f**! :1**70
£¢¡~¦ :%* M +*I _ *I *A ,;;L > " ,]>
*]A \*
I *8 ,
;*7 *>F \! %& 2/ F :§§¦¥¤
4" @ Ao; 0F" ,1>3 h80
:0 : (0 2
` @ Ao <; :bB
4
/K %& 3
^
)* Z]r* %*& *; *8 ,*U *> 1*> ^)*; :FG
,;*;L > a)c : <; \; 3 +0 ;]A ;L a)c :17;
4
AQ !> 8 , A %& 1; a)c \ W8
:1*7M *; *8 ,%*/ _ n*[ *
B U
F +M/ <; :HG
f*! :170 ; < ,%/ _ W[ d ;]A "& &" ; H
4%/ _
W[
B d ;]A "& I" ;
4]A ;L f! :17/8 ,@ Ao %& p&
P @ \); :J
a3 %F h!;
P U
8 <; 3
A ¢W ]
B \= ]"
4
/= _ +7;" Ao
:O A
R X R R SPR S RS A
R w 3RW
*[$: S Q R(`
S ?
(
@ S 0 : Q P Q P :

Q S
*p$ S R X !S G
P W% P R R (0
R X 3RW 8 R
P X S P R Q S `+
P S 8WS ! @ P S
0)
QSPS P S
* * 3 +*0 ,*A" ,A :+/" ,1

AM
W; ]" ,
A y= s/ %F (SF E
,
4Ao %& ;
P %& US
4\A A 2
WM
WM ?]" , & W 1
W; xr
A ¢W %F (SF E
, _
٤٦٥
:B 7)B (0 −s
F Ar* *W ?*]" h*!
3"
k c ¢W −q;
O – Ao;" −
:
A a3 rU" ,Ar
O Ao A
%*F h*!;
*P
O \*; 3 +*0 *
B 1 Ao
8 \A \ \; :AB
§fedcba`_¦ :%*** M +***I V*** ***" 4***Ao
§ÂÁÀ¿¾½¼¦ :%*** M +***I" , − :f ***
4.7 _ =A ] r]" , :(7,
(*>" *;. _ 3F .7 _ r] HQ; a" ,
AM
O < ;L
\A h7; :FG
4 : §ËÊÉÈ¦ :% M +I ?]"
P _
h*,M ?* f* _ h*! a*U ! *]" ,(*/ +*
F Z] n[; r]"
*d ?*/ ; r*]" , *8"r *d %*F *,] \*A * *[M ! "!" 8 4\A
H: q*>" ,f* ! *UA Z*< H*I :17M ,U/,'M (]G " ,(7
D D
4h! k H
J D J UA J C&J9
D
4h! :
J D J HC&J9
D Hq>"
D ,fD D9!D Z< HI :17M"
" ,\*A * h*7M *<; h!" ,f ! a 0 = 2r]
4\A h7M \- A F" ,d" 'M
4
! :%& h! A hM *
4h!"
D J ,H" ! :%& f ! A hM" *
:O A
R S 7

X VQ (
S S Q S
+ S P S S P S S S P S R +

n Q X S !
Q
S P S S
٤٦٦
*[$J
Q S Q V S Q S P S ,7

X Q ,/
+ Q S P S J+ Q R S
Q S P S 73M Q /
P S ! S Q S
:k4:
4 A ! N f! :17M h! hA * q;
O Ao;" −N
:L! 17A ,]>" @ Ao; I"
:J: D J *9/AJ ?*****: /

D D 9 D 3****
***** A J D 9 C * ?*****/M
O 9 *>D fWr**** 9 ****
D *P ` : *-D E****
D 9 J
,**** D 9 D *****;D
h*!
* & :17M h! I %& h" ,h)* −q;
O – Ao;"
4['; <; 3 \ W ~7/ N r]" ,h h) hA
4§ËÊÉÈ¦ :h8e c
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 §È¦
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 §É¦
**]" ,(]**G q** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 x**/ **
AM :\**A §Ê¦
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/, \)
P :a] ,iq
Ar* h* m* +*0 ;"* h*8 &" ,s8 K
AM §Ë¦
4a'
:(0 ~
% ( \#
4+AM" n

[
O C '0 A H<M F H / −
4 & ¡
U q&" ; :O AG
%*& %*" h*M" ,u*0o f* !" \*A :* h*! *A {Q*M *I +*0 %F 1" E
, _
;
U7,'*M *
*@ *Ao; *I ¢*W 2r*] %F (SF y= E
, _" ,h! %&
0=" ,
!
4\A
4 :y 4 ,'
/
٤٦٧
4+*/
&" +'*W0 *; f*! :1*7; *8 ,n* +*
8 ; 8 <M F
A −
k , !" aUA 7 f!"
%*& n* ; 3 f?*" ,*>" %*/ *d V* &"
4 W[ U
0 8 H / i[ +'W0
* (*</ *Ao; <
*8 ,*
A ,(</" 8 h,; E / −
,^*P" _ *] * 2*c" ,*; ,U*S ,s,* ,1*> :\*= q* , <M
4V 3 hM ^P" _ +; \ " ,7 _ 2"r a<>"
4U' " 1> h8 ,+&, ;7M
O Ar; hM :]
A
:%F
A a'7/;
O 8
4 ! 8> O A f ,W < <;" :3k# −
O
*W *]/ <; \ ,UGW < +
8 <M 3 ]" :%
(0 −
3 **8 *Ao a**3 *<; +**
8 *;" ,
** , W/* :\**= ,*c.
4(<0
` *@ *Ao *<; *U
8
8 ,A" A
^)*; " ,
*/K %*& 3
\)*; " ,%*/ _ n*[ *
B *U
F /'* <; " ,U > 1>
4Ao %& p&
P @
4d"" @ Ao; I" ,\A <; =<
8 ,f !" h!Q
A

**]" ,
8**< **/& **! **8 F" ,¨**WM L**; a** (**</ **
AM **W; a** F" :+**I _ V**"
4 :V' ^P" :G0444^
)
٤٦٨
‫ﻋﻄﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
?>

4+/& i)03 f? %F s! := & >

4
, n&" – {Q
" – m'0 n& :P :(% 1:>? &
4+
8 g <"
:/(] >8
;
R D J " ^P
41"o
B ,! ,l)[ R D J hM ]
:
0 12
4 '[ h \; /! hM :+I
n* " ,+'*W0 ; f! :0 ,
A b[ l)[ " ^P :+I −
4+=K n
B EA :VI 0 1," ,"&" ; f! :0 m'/
,!* *; f! :0 _ P
O A F" +08 ,E / b[ ! :+I" −
4m +/< ,!M \! yf! :0 _ ))["
O
:*0 ,m* 1"koD*;J < ,!
O H / hI" b[ 1"o
B :+I −
4+
F ;L H :%/ M 3 ,m 1"o; +08 ,r] ;L H
4H</ <; l)[" ,i <; ^P /8& I" −
:
, n& hP
4; ; ?& :0 ,a3 Z7 −
4&
J lW> # a'I :0 ,
/< a3 −N
4N< r] :0 ,(S a 1 :* % ]G − *!
4% a
< :0 , W) i- −
4 :/ a G9D /;J 4Z]r x ,' :0 ,'W
'W −*]
٤٦٩
:4
+>q**;F ** E** / (**p8 *O *
W +**0< – +**0 x ;+**&, m**8; **
, n**&
**8"
Ar**" **
</ _ s**, +**78 ** *k * 3 – d[[ +)**
)[M" +**&,
4+&, h E / 1> A A ,U&"8"
4;>
v aMc
v J lW> # a'I :O AG
r]" ,&
i** *
O *P +**0A ** ** +/q**M ** %**F
**= **] ** *S *
– N*[ * *& :l*W> ?Q* * :1" 1*= ?*W8 ,H</ ))["
O
0*/& A +0 ,lW> ^PM d ;
n& :/] & :*8 – +/& # ?P
)*7 lW> ? i M H" lW> ?Q %/<; U/ \A !
C ,a<
4^P; xr ]
, n& 8
4aM[ s0 s0 x l)[; ;8 ,;> aMc :FG AG + *
:+!" KK ;> aMc _ V"
4 8P ;> :;> z aMc r] −
J
4h8 _ +,I h,;
n& :;>
v aMc
v r] −
r*] '*'; a* *] * *< ,1* %*& Z)*/ :;>
O aMc r] −
` * **<; 1** _ \**- ;N**&
L*O *
M +**& N**[" ,7*

4] +/'"
:O A
P S S S /(
v]) Q S S /q SP S
Q S =
S P a vC x (S S Q jX R
P S cS +P S / Q P>

SP
R S P R R Q S R S R JR ;S /(]
R S S P oW
PS
*[$#% Q R }6
P S P 6(64 PS z
#} ]2
QP T Q S
4y= E
, 1" s/ i&"
C ,n %F 1" E
, _
;
٤٧٠
:nC
_ 3F ***<; 3 :***I" ,H***</ _ ***
, n***&
;***/ *** ***
=A h***/
4
n& 2 ; a 4;> aMc r] :/I ?W8 ,i
:O A
R PS X
*[$(W
R S Q
S Q /c SS R P %
S R
X S Q /c SS
S Q S 6W
P
S
1*, i* ; O *<; ^-
n& \A
D 9 J 1*, '*I * a'*I +*0" ,3*
4\< \<
O *<; *& _ *
8 ,*& lW> # a'I :AG
,*
n*& " 3*
*< h* h7; h/ 8 ,s, \ h 1>F h/; a F : \"
4
n& <; Z; /U8 ,
/
O s,
:
& 1I :G
: z 9 *: x**** : : *
D J J +*******,IM
*******&I" J J J 9 D *******
9D D
J 9 C +*******
& **** R : *<,
9 D 9 **** J *9 *****0D D
C ****
n*-" * ;x*<, \* \M ^); 3
n& : <8
,*" n* +
8 !; 3 " ," n +
8 %F iq; 3 iq
4 0 :17; h/8
4, h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, \)W/
P 0
4iq ]" ,(]G q h8 &" s8 ¤c
iq** **]" ,(]*G ('**< ** **&" ,"** +**
F iq**
4q;
O
4(]G ('< &" ," +
F iq x<,
4(]G ('< 2! &" ," x<, %&
n&
O
4
;/ =A +
F Z] 8c ,(</
, n& A ! %F (SF
٤٧١
:& 1I : AG
*****>
D 9 D K**** 9 D :#*****: Ar****
D : *MJ :
D J J *
&J O D 9 *0"
8*** z 9 *SD ***
D D *** D *,&9 D ****D/; D D ****;D D
9 D c
O *<; *; 3" ,*
n*& 8*0"
_− r*¡/
> +*0 ;3* O S ,& *8
;*; 3 V" ,80"
O S ,& ; :EI V0Q<8 −1" \ +>F ;7M
* +7'*; * %* ; Z*!" *" n a +
& n& F /
4Z)*/ 8*0
O J 0 ; +
8 \
7 / A 80
; 3 aq \8 O " ,/ A
_ V* *
m,* *I" 4\*80" S ,& /;c ; :/] 17; Z; A Vr8
4/ hM
:O A
R c R x R R R

S
Q S mQ S
Q P S : P S R(m
P S 3W
S Q (]
X S S ?
@ S S
R P S KS ( R
*[$3"
z P S R A
S S ]P Q /+ SS
P z R ]
P S P JR R ;S x
P R c
P SS

s*," *
O *8 *W
O O *
, n*& N*&F ! %F
;
h* *A F 4
Q'* *
B _ 3*
41 :* W- +
F EW
P I" ,1 :* s," 1
c
O h A F" 4 ; B ; :\= ,/
٤٧٢
‫ﻋﻄﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻖ‬
:#
;
4aG/ " h := & vC%
4n i"> > +&,
" +/
} h ] :4:>?
@
:O A
x S R x
x R P Q U x
P S ?S
*[$\ P S 7S%V
S Q t}
P Q
P S vC% Q P S J]0
P S X >8 P S R A;S
}* m'*0 n& ; %& i "& 8 ,"&" ; f! :/I 8
4" ]" U/
n i"> i>
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 f!
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 ;
:"*&" ,N*& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, n& i> :" "&"
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ; %& i
:>
U4
: −[
_ A**S :x ,"*&" *; f**! :+*= ,
W6*
** h* m* ?*]"
: KK \; ]" ,f?
BA¦ :%** M +**I _ **A ,**
O :x ,**>" E**I" _ **U¡
**<; −
4 :(7, §GFEDC
f?* *7M F− "*&" *; f*! :*0 ,Z*
M %*& *U¡
<; −N
4−;
4m'/ n& n; M %F (SF E

, _
٤٧٣
*7M F ,"*&" *; f*! :*0 ,Z*
M *<& %& U¡
<; − *!
4"& f?
:O A
S R S Q ]4}
*[$6W R
@ S Q +P S P Q 3RW
R S R S +P S 6@ R )S
649 P R P S
x S R >8W
:7# −p
*] *; f?* :%*/ " ,"* 8 *; f*! :+*= ,Z*
7 " Z
M ?]"
4(S, +,7& A \ U /]
+0 2/ 8 Z
7 " ,1"
4+,' f?S \A Z
7 M <
4; U/
" ,8 () Ec :170 -
,(* \* ( 3F (3" b"L
<; a F ,8 8 b"LM" -
4 +
MQ; b"LM ; +0 2/
"
,*c %*& *! W6& E0A F
,,' ]" ,Z
7
B c. %/ fW"
:
: D %0" ,h78
4a!8J D J D ¨
D D D :+=" , U' Z,' :x ,'8 U :V7A
:V −s
4( U/
x ,"& aK ; f! :/I 8 ,?c" Z
M ?]"
:O A
R S R P R d(;0
A}#c R R X R V
QS R S ;z R d
A} R R X R 7#
(;0 SP S
P X P Q
:a08
, :i*& §´³²±°¯®¦ :%* M +*I ]|
C 2]| ,Z
M E'
d
*<p * %*& 7 – g – / # mc
4Z
M aK F /I ,g
4
W6
h m " %F E
, r] _
;
٤٧٤
*/I a*K ,aAf*. 0*- a*K ,aAf. /7c :x ,7
O O
8q /] :hM
** /" ,+**&8 a**d ;aU
**F ;)**" m**[ Z'**0" iq** ir**8 , **<p
4sW -> \-¥ -
:$b04 −
4b" ; ?]"
4+;d" f? c. : ; %/ "
a*3 *]" , *; *,; %*F ¡
*8
O ¡
*S
O ?q*7/; *U,I :b %/ "
O
,*7
7M +*
& i* * fL*!
O *@ i <; Z!" Vr" ,i
,¡
*8
O ¡
*S
O <'* \*A +*0 %*& 1; rU8 ,U %> <' EA :VI 0
xr* f? x %> i F :I rU" , ; ] U" ,b ] r]"
1*I *0 ,;*7M
O O
" ,*U/ fL*! <' ;7
7M F ,U,I fL! ]
:&
: : D %*******>
D D 9 D +******* 0 D D : C %**7
D 9D
*******]7 9 C D L*******"
D C D 9 D 9 D n**W[;
+**> D R D J ?**A
9 D W
)**
:*< %*/ ;;7M
O O
fL \= U/< ,7
7M L fL!
O E'
\ /8
4+7=; \A %7
:nC
*; %*& 1*M ?*U8 ,V* *
B %*& * " ,Z
M %> aUq a&
4Z
M 3 h m ?U8 ,w;"
4¤[ " Z h7M" :+ −
aU*;" ,* %*> *7 H* :0 ,;" , , +0"</; 8< \]" ,\
I %> :* n
%*/ :*G/; 4\*& *PF %*& ]* *" ,
p %> %& V
%> a@ H" , %>
4 :Z
,
٤٧٥
:]" ,Z
/ :] A %& U"
,*Uc " */]
D b"L*M
9 :0 4
W6
+
8 h h/; ]" ,(]L0 •
47 " (
' ZA :0"
" ' ! :0 4
W6
h +
8 ; ]" ,4 e •
4;

*" *U,I *
* h* *! %Q*; *
[ : *>" *
[
¨W"
,Uc" /] +!"
h; + ; 3 +0 M 3 ,2QM 3 >" ,]
4U
A ;
" ' ; +"
:]" ,¤[
/ " :*"
mlk¦ :0" 4U/ ?p a M a F 4"& " ; f! :0 ,O •
4 :/o §on
O E*/A F 4"*& " *; f*! :VI 0 ,I e + O(0 •
?p* *&
4Z6[ %& E@ V/<" ,U/
:]" ] ]Ar; a
/ /]"
4i> " \ 8 " a < :VI 0 ,(C60 *
*A F ,"*& " *< " *; f*! :V*I *0 ,9! b%
/0W h"e *
4"& \ < \ :x)I
:O A
R Q `
3c @ +P S IS R h P R S ,O
T S "j P S
P Q 2 R R P +
I P S R C
S S n P R +S ,(
P z S ,{ P z S
4 :Z
, %/ _ ] ]A " :* (
=A y f A
٤٧٦
S #%
*[$o x P S R vR >%
S P S K] R P S
P w Q QP S R
j S S
R
P ~ S S S S X
]8 QS
:+ −
(L*U 2r*] %'*M" ,
;'* > %& c (L]
Z ?]"

4
@ )7; ? n i"> "

9 4 ;' (L]
,
*
_ V* *< ,]*> f?* h6*I E0Q8 ,"& ; f! :AG
4N aM
C 3F" ,3 " a 0 :17; 8 ,
N <; rU"

_ V* *< ,]*> *! h6*I E*0Q8 4"*& */& ; :`+
@ G
4

V*0 *M 3 ,*@ UW*3 _ (L*U E*& *d ; 2r] 9D %'M *
,*U
F ,'*/ V*/| _ a*< * ;r*
*3 *> %*& (LU Ec
?/& :VI ]" ,+
8 VM 3 U/
E"" ,cg %& 9D Ec"
4cg & ]>Q %/'; 3 ] " U,I ; ) q;
O %'M" *
:O A
R R x S i +S P R>8
*p$
P (%= S <#P S
S P Q + P 8S Df P S P P S R P 0
C X f R i S VjP R
P S P IS R +PSS
R R P R R S R
P Q IWo
*s$+ S S b%
S S /
S P S # S S P R DfI
/j QS P S ~>6)+ P Q S X
QS
@" ,a
'7" , >" ,
[ ?]" " U \ 'M ? y %F (SF V 1I _
** **/& "** %**/ \ '**M **I " %**F (**SF "** E**,I& **" :+**I _" 4V**"
4 ,
* h*7M ?* ?*] )* %*F (*SF +*
8" ,n i"> %F (SF E
, _
4U; :x 4"& /& ; :0 x %/ ? (LU " , ;' (L]
** (f**7A , ,** ** **/& x %**/ ?** " ;'** (L**] ir**> **! %**F (**SF E**
, _
4a©r0 :_ %" (LU ir a]r/M a a©r0 aU
& f :)

٤٧٧
R R R Q S /j
PR S R P R S
P S S
*[$~ P S z Q
5( X O; ~
P W P S R S _
P S bS%

S S ! x >6c
:*p$9 −
4N; E0A F a< _ Q[ & :I;W
C J H" ,"& f! :EI :AG *
*] f*! xr* a*& y Q*[
4"& 3 ; f! :1IQ8 ;
:
P −
:* 7M 3 ,n& i> <
9 – 0; & –
;/ h
! ;
4W
O @ i <; " ,?d " ?W/ m,'M " ,"
3 :*0" ,"& <
9 ; f! :0 ,?d " ?W/ E7, F ?]"
4"& <
9 ; a7;
:f*! ,N*& * +* \* 3 <'* %*& ?/, i> ,
80 : f!
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 \&8 ;
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> , W6& <
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 ; %& i "&
**
WM" ** 7/ ?**U8 x %**/ ?** " ;'** (L**@ m,'**M a** F +**0 %**F (**SF E**
, _
4\ \= NP
:"S KK W6& d< ] A
4&
O 3 ;
O NP :0 " ,"& 3 ; f! :0 ,H,KF U7; –
4U
& 3" \ n6 8 ,"& 3 \ ; yf! :\
I 8 ,n6 7M 3 – N
4 :Z
, %/ :G0 4( 3 \! yf! :178 ]8 ;; − b
٤٧٨
:*[$! –
\* *A
O E;*S :*0 ,E*,= x Z*! *A * E*0A F NP ?]"
4I
O

**P f**" ,\**&W f** +)**M3 <'** %**& ?**/, ~** \** 8 E;S
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W A
O
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> , W6& \
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ A
O %& i a I
O
4+/ \ n
q f! :0 ,?W/ A E0A F <M" *
\ 8 :f! ,N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> ,
80 : f!
4^W %& ?/, ~
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 \&8 n
q
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, i> W6& \
,(]*G q* +* 8 *&" ,s*8 n
q* %& i a +/
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/, \)
P :fU"
:V:G U *
:dA _ EAS \ ,< ,3
4 W6& −
** 3 **< ,N)** %**F a**< _ Q**[ **& h'** **
WM **d – N
4?W/ \" ,<" ,N;
4**] 4*;F \* *;

O E*P :1* :] 1I 4+U,S" ?W/
B @ n ;
8< h/
4 :Z
, ?/ :G0444+I %& \
a©;" h V aU /"
٤٧٩
*; f*! :*0 ,]* * U,I & a< i- ]" ,NP {QM :\
4"& +0 ? E,K <" ,;
O
f! xr ;"& \
:O A
R S + R R R S
*[$:; @ S P +
S S ;]V @ P S P 7c
@ S *9 S S $ (Ic P S A+
@ P S
@ P S P (#c P S
R + R
I(; P S J
S P S ! x S P Q S
P S 3W P S S I(S P S }
Q P S P S S !
S
P S P S S
R RB R P R]LS 3WR R X S 4 R X R IR !6c R
*p$3 M S P S P S ~]G
S Q S AB S P Q 3cG S P P S
:nC
43" <" \
¨W
48 )I" ,Z7 )7 3
4}78 Z7 )7 <" \
f**! xr** **7 ; h'** **A **8 ,"**& 3 **; f**! :E**I F :1**= •
h'*8 ,2*7 ; *A * +*
& E,I V0 ;Z7 )7 /] 3 :*8 "&
47&3 r] +
& E,I E0Q8 ,; 3 "& f! xr 7 ; A
:1*7M E*0Q8 *
O f! &"
O O 7 ; h' A F :8 )I 1= •
;
f?* *;
O H*8 *I V*0 ;*8F )*I %'*; r*U8 ,"& 3 ; f!
4
O f! d 7 ; h' A" ,"& & f? E
W0"
n* *S %F (SF +

8" 4?d " ,?W0 U7,'; ]" ,< :* n S %F (SF E
, _
4H,K " , " ,"& 3 ; ; :0 ,f/ U¡
]" ,3 *
_ *< \= <M" ,?U/" ?W/ _ @ n ; < :*A \ S %F (SF 1" E
, _
(*SF y*= E*
, _" ,"*& \* *; *I :0 ,] +q
70 E,=M" ,U,I a<> 7M d
4"& \ ; I :0 ,1" & NP
W8 ,E,= ¤[ @ n ; \ %F
٤٨٠
,"& \ ; f! :1= 4}78 Z7 )7 3F
MQM 8 <" \ •
4"& < ; f! "
4n i"> > +&,
" +/
} h ] :m'/ n&
4\ ,< C J ,fW ," :?] n i"> *
9 ,3 , ," ,%> ,aK
:'I n i">"
4 n ; a'I" ,S n ; a'I
4 ," ,%> ,aK ,fW ," ] S n ; xr a'7 –
4< ,3 ,\ ] n ; xr a'7 – N
:3 ,\ \< n "S"
4U
8 8F *
4 " N; 7,'; *
:< :* n "S"
4U
8 8F *
4?d " ?W/ m,'M *
%*& W6& 3 f i> ?U8 ! @ i A 8 ," 7M 3 *
4^
)

. :Z
, ?/ G0
٤٨١
*$‫ﺍﻟﺒــﺪﻝ‬
:
;
4 " a< )7 h ]
:
0 12
)**7 1**,8 ,h** **
7" 1**,
** ¨**W **/ ^q**; n**; r**] **
E'**
h** 2r**] ;**
A" **
, n**&" E** / i**c r**]" ,a<**
)*7
O A F" U8 m'/ n& * b[ , " :/I" ,a< ()7
4n i> ?] +0 3F ,a<
,a<* )*7
O +/ 1,
" , " a< )7 ] 1," *
:***8 :**& 1.§¥¤£¢¡~}|¦ :%** M +**I *0
a" ,\
,' s ] 0F a< )7 ;\A Y 1
4aUA / %& +,!;
:O A
*9
S S S $ bC x S )
R S R
R P Q R } P S JQ R 0
X S
Q
S iQ > S : Q Q 6 X
:A] C+
:v > A] −[
%'*;" ,m* 1*," , *7 1* :?*]" ,f (& / ZA _ +"
4\< \< 1
* 1*I" 4
*
, +*
& *7; adF :
8< & Wc 1I" ,

;),
, M ] 1,
,
4 :hU h] :G0 4;< :'
A
٤٨٢
4W " %/ _ " ,%/ " W _ +/ 1, m6 ]" *
YXW¦ :%* M # 1I %/ " W m 1, 1= −
,1*, *] 444E 0 ;r - :*8 4 − : MW §^]\[Z
O M A 7M I" ,) :+/ 1,"
4%/ " GW
YXWV¦ :% M # 1I :}78 %/ _ m 1, 1="
"**] :1**, f**! **;g 2r**] _" , :**IW §^]\[Z
O
4W _ + n[ +/<" ,%/ _ −2c– +/ 1, 7
4X' \;
&
` x/ E; :17M"
\)
P f" ,\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 E;
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/,
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W x/
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ 1
&
`
:! 7fM A −p
4\A Y 1 q;
O %';" ,< _
=A s/ r]"
¤*A fL r] A f ,+/ 1,
7
7>
` fL!
O 1, <; :+P"
" +W)*0 " +*=K n*
B E*A :\*= V*" ,*U/ *- ,*U ;"'
O fL!
4+
=K
\)*
P f" ,\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 EA
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/,
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W n
B
**]" ,(]**G **W +,)**0 **&" ,N)**/ \**A ** Y** 1** +=K
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/,
P :fU" ,iq
٤٨٣
*8L # m*c" 4]> ! &" ,aU/
=A D D 9 E;
O V] J :0" •
O *
=A
V*] * 3* O *M %*" * ?W8 4U
! 16 U;;
O Hf*! U;*; == _" ! 3
3* O ]>
0= _ M"
%*& +*/ Y* *U8 ,+*/ 1*, *
7
7>
` fL!
O ; 1 \A" , 8L
4 3 7
7 \
,
1*, %*F * ;
*P
O \*A Y 1 _ >; () 2r] _" •
E*; :%*" * _ *A 1*, m* *W _
q* <; I" ,+/
O
q r] %';" ,aU/
=A
* ()* 2r*] _ ZB ]" , O V]
O
, **
/=" **8 _ 1**, **7
q** **<; ** 3" ,1**, Z
**
4u
0Q"
Ar" ,h"
:A029 A −s
O
:*0 ,1*! m*; 3*S 2*/ %*& +*& \*; f?*S %& 1; ]"
4+& ; ?/,&
%*& ?/, i> ;I /" ,^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 :Z& ?/,&
_ <'* %*& ?*/,
P :f
" ,N& + \ 3 '<
.+ 1 W Z)0 \
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 \&8 ;
,iq** **]" ,(]**G q** +** 8 **&" ,s**8 1**S 1** +&
4+
F iq ! \ _ ?/, \)
P :fU"
4 :V' ^P" :G/;

٤٨٤
* q*
O n*o; 3 +*
8 1*, ;\*A * fL* 1* & n[; s/ r]"
\*QM ,V* \A*S * " *> " HW*- * +*
& \; +/<" ,+/ 1,
* *<; *8 ,?* * fL*!
O
* 1*8 ,+*Ic" +* ?* E*K" :(*, 2r]
^¦ :% M +I r] " ,+
& \; U8 ,1 V; ? <" ,2'!
4 :(7,§cba`_
417 %& \ U8 ,+
& \; U" ,U 1 :178
^)*; * * 3 \ ,1, %&
O +/ 1, <; ?W<; 3 +0 %&
;+*8 # *,& E! :17M = O ; 8 ,2>" +/ 1, Ar <
¨D:J : ,+JJ9KD # ,&
J ¨D:J :17; ; +/<" ,b'; ^); 3 +/ 1,
4# ,
J &
**
/=" **8 _ +**/ 1**, m**;
**P ** 1**S3 1** _ ** 3" *
" , 7' = _ A Ar
O <; I
q r]" ,u
0Q"
Ar" h"
, − :b"¤* §QPONMLK¦ :%* M # 1*I _ *A 7
O
4}
q ir8 ,+
8 / :;7"
:% A] ] A] −

'*W0 H3*> *& )*;" ,1* 86 +
8 ;; 1, Z
s0 ]"
:s0 KK +'W0 ]" ' <; I" ,x
M " , W " ,U' :0

+*0 3 }*B ] xr W & 1 +0 ;} +,, 1 :x :*[$' = A −+
4}B +'W0
1, 3 ,}B ] xr W & 1 :x ;} 1 V' ^P" +A _ ] A
4 :V' ^P" :G0 4a]; I A ,} ] +'W0
٤٨٥
O ' +
F m, <" , , )7
4B O <; a ]"
4 )
c ^8 :VI \= ,' & - ]"
, :E78 y' Q[ E- aK ,) HAr8 V/] V0' m, 78
J 9 J 9 [* :*0" ,\*
/ HW 2
%& ;) ; :VI V "
*W
DD:
4
7
A _
W
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 [
J 9J
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 \&8 W
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W D
W
('**< 2**! **&" _ ** "** a** : **A ,**! i**> :_ A _
4(]G
4(]G ('< &" " +
F iq

4(]G ('< &" " }B 1
7
:/(C% A −h
x* a<* m*; ,8 ,/ _ W " ,U' & ); s/ r]"
Hr*c :*0" ,H/* K
/ /] EI :VI \= ,]Ar
8 7
7> %F +,/M
C
4?& ? ,< N< r]
O *I" ?'*0 +*0 +*
,M aK ,
/ I +0 a< A :1" 1= ?W8
,*KK
,+*
,< N< rc +0 a< A :y= 1= _ rA" ,= %F 1 8
4+& ,< N< rc +0 Ar8 ?'0 +0
,M +/<"
" \**7 ** **<;
'**/ 1**
'**/ 1**" }** 1**
** ¨**W" *
4' <; } 1" , W
٤٨٦
:h"e A −
a* r*] :1*7M Q*A ,*c. x %*F +*!" x* *
M & ); ]"

?W; 3 a H!" V0 ;V; H
B a EI ,8 , & a
G&
+0 HAr8 ,h" %/ %F EU!M" EPQ8 ,+ ,AF V'W0 _ &
, _
4 &
4, h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, (SF a r]
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 ¤c a
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 E 0 a
G&
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 1 &
:l
O N& " n f", a (S a f! F
43
:O A
*p$!P]SR Ux >Q
S +S b#S P R( S8 !PR0SPS S P `@
PS P+S 6@R >SQ
P S P Q P S
R R x R R S"P:RS SS
dP )Q R 'T SmS }PS /
S QS d P ?S @}PS /PRj fQ8 P h
*s$SQ :@]PcS oPQS ,Q6X4S QWPR8
P S S(SP Q P]zSS ,@RS *YQPrQ$ S
4 :'
/ :G/;
1*," ,1*S3 1*" ,\*A * Y ,* 1" ,m 1 ]" ,1, s0 %F (SF E
, _
4\ * i A " :+7 ]" ,+/ 1, ;,
:
'I %& ]" ,;, 1, 'I %F (SF

, _
D D %';" ,NP 1, %'; ]" ,] )7; A +&, )7; :i4+
4f,
,+*/ 1*, Ar*8 a<* }*B *0F" ,}*78 1*, )*7 <; \ ,+&, )7; 3 :FG
4
'/" } 1 %';"
٤٨٧
4 " a< )7 h ] :A]
:?]" ,'I 1, :C+
4}78 %/ " %/ " W _ +/ 1, m6 ]" :m 1, −
4+/ 1,
7
7>
` fL!
O 1, +
8 A ]" :\A fL! 1 −
O
41! m; 3S 2/ %& +& \; f?S 1 ]" :1S 1 −
+*" , *W " ,U'* :0
'W0 H3> & ); ]" :;, 1, −
:s0
O ' +
F m, <" , ,
4B O )7 <; a ]" :} 1 –
4 W " U' & ); ]" :
'/ 1 – N
4c. x %F +!" x
M & ); ]" :NP 1 − *!

q 1,; 3" ,q q 1,; 3" ,]G ]G 1,; •
4]|
* E*,I :*0 ,\A \A 1 Zp
P ]G 1F ^); •
,IQ*8 '*[ N* H*G0 :Y* 1* " ," _ N ,IQ8
4aU,p7> ,IQ8 b HG0 :0 ,1S 1 " ,aU/
:**0 ,Y** 1** **<; ** +**/ 1**, **! **P
**P **A F"
**
W \**A 1** " ,V**A : 9 :**0 ,1**S 1** " ,V**U!" ?**/:D,&9D
O J ?**/D,9D& 9D
4 :(p §PONML¦:% M +I 0 , 6>
4 :hU h]" , :V' ^P" :G0

‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌــــﺪﺩ‬
٤٨٩
‫ﺑـــﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌـــــﺪﺩ‬
**7/ 1"**/; **U
8 u**, 0**!" ** N**, **;/
9 **<> _ **0G0 F
:

4 8P " Z
A " 8 u
> ¢W –
4+ u
0Q fM ¨F" ," I& − N
4 L
M − *!
:W"e + d(0 + We H(4
#+ :9+
@
:?] KK 'I %F a'7/;
%*F 444*KK ,"*& ?*]" ,*7 ¢*W %& 1 ]" : #
−
4
'M
,*> %*F *d" * h* (* Z*
AM *& (*,& ]" :d
−N
4& 'M %F ,& /K ,& > :0
:* ]" ,h! %F iq; :]> :&0 ]" :U`
−*!
*p *]" *W %*F iq*; :y=" ,1! KK H& :\= ,( %F K=
4+
/! W \! n , I0 p :\= U
/=M" n"
*>" :*0 ,*W * \*,I n
/ Ar; ]" ,i /]" *
4
'M" 'M %F ,;&"
:
O :8
*70$ H(cn0 :8 \j (#( :(cV
@
:*/%V 4$ /
−[
,Ar* h* */K" >" :17M ,u0o h =0o;" ,Ar h Ar; d8
4u0o h /K" (>""
٤٩٠
:I%( D
bj V:G
−
**A F f** **U7M 3" ,Ar*
O * "** **A F u**
0Q **& **U7M
z
4H,6 h J O "
D E;" ,N6 KK q> :17M ,=0o
:d
−
2r] ?W8 ,> %F & d" h ( Z
AM 0A A ]"
O " ,
Ar*
n**[M **d8 '** %**F **K= **" ,**=
0QM O *M "** m**8M (** **8
O
*& *> E*; :1*7M ,"* *78; */K3" *>" ,*=
0QM"
ArM
O "
E*78" *I 1" 1*= _ *&" *> *A \<8 ,( (& >F" ,6
O
*>0 ,(* (*& >F :y= 1= _" ,f U7M a8
Ar _ "
4u0o @ " (& A rA" , =0o Hf! >F A
;r**] _ **>;" 4*O *! **& '**M E**;" ,**,6
O **& **KK q**> :1**7M
*@ "* ;u*
0Q *& *@ E*7 '*M" *KK * A
`
=
4Ar h (Ar Hf8 ," m8M ?U8 & 4Ar
*A * \*<8 4(* (*& h,* E*;" , *,6 (*& *K Hq*> :17M
4 7 EL 78 (& A 4u0o h (Ar Hf! h," ,K
:(
C; bj 8 3i , 6
#+ −
Ar*
O "* *U Q*S 3" ,a' Ar h! \ MD D J ¢W 2r]"
D C D J */K3" *>8 4+*<> r*cQ
8 *U,I n*
/ * 4=0o
Ar* h* Ar*; O A
:x ;Ar* h* u*0oM" ,u0o h ArM ' %F K=" ,u0o h =0o;"
O
4=
0QM"
ArM
O " n[M
'*c" *>F" ,*,6 O
0*= H* : G+
O *KK" *>" q*>" ,*,6
4(
KK" c" ,!
O ;&" KK _ E,c" , ,6
٤٩١
:B −
,*>" *W *<; *08 , '* %*F K= U
F n
P F p
:
4 ,6 pKK" Z6 pKK _ P P> :17M ,f +7M 3"
J

Ar**M
O **
7 %**& **! , , , , , , ** 8 i3g h** ** *
O
4(U ,6 i3.
0K E;" ,.7 8> i3. 'c E; :17M ,=
0QM"
@
:
f((; :GV
:1*70 ,h* *]L
M %*F iq*M *U/

*" (*& %*F KK & −
4('0 " 1! KK x/&
:O A
P S X S Q Y 4
Yo QQ z S 3WR
S S 8 P S S

Y R P Q 7
S P !
R X0R
T V:V S SS
S P S P 3WR
[$RGB x X R <#
R P S R

@ P S R Q P f(
S z S Q S z z 3WR
P z S `
*]" ,W
O 2L
M <; :x ;W %F 3F iq; 3 iq −N

4a] W" ,a] p :0 ,U
/=M" n" p
4,6
O "& q> :0 ,)/
O W
O 2L
M <; :W −*!

4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 q>
4a' Ar h m +0 ;" + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 "&
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ L
M ,6
O
4!
O & > :0 ,)/
O W
O 2L
M <; :ZA −
C D J (& %F KK %F V

;
+*0 %*F
*;" ,Ar* h* u0o;" u0o h Ar;
h*!" *I h*! *A F "* %*F (*SF : I W !
O :+I _" ,L
h! %F iq;

4 7 h! %F 3F iq; 8 (=A
٤٩٢
:O A
%(S4R ( R x R
S
S PnSS ,4SR %(S
RCP0 zR R
S RP
P fR(zSS
S QP8R fS(zQ
SIQ%PSzCSWS / S !RGPRR ]@XSQ fQ(XSS
:Y%
h8j
;L* ^*8 %*& *
/, *& '*M %*F *& *KK" ,*& > : 8B −
:\ _ <M"
O & > f! :\= :JW *

4!
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 f!
4\&8 h8 \ _ ;L ^8 %& ?/, & & >
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ L
M !
O
O & 'c E; :\= :d}c + *

4,6
\*&W f*M" ,\*&W f* +)*M3 <'* %& ?/, ~ \ 8 E;
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/,
P
4+ 1 W Z)0 \ _ ;L ^8 %& ?/, & & 'c
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ L
M ,6
O
%*& ?*/, *& *& *> :**8 ,*]
O & > ; ,
A _ F :0"
4F a Z)0 \ _ ;L ^8
*& & > *8 ,]

O & > ; ,
A <M :0 : + *
* %*& &,* \*; :0" ,i ! \ _ ;L ^8 %& ?/,
4;
O &
٤٩٣
:O A
x Q
R R
*[$
P S S P S S ?S @]
X SQ S
S R %
P Q P S ?S
P Q P
S 4+S SS
*p$Y
P S C x R ;S 8
P S (
R z
P S I(W
S (
Q S Y S S 4j
P S 8
R R P X
S P R H(cn0 S S !
P QS
P R I%( x R V:G
x S SSR S
S z Q S S]
z Q /j S QSPS
S S
C;
S P S
/K" ,/K ]" ,U/ 1" fL N ; ,(& /K" ,& /K :/
−
" ,*& *]" *U/ y*= %*/,;"
D 9 J ,*!"
` ,)0
O f
" , 8
O n ,%/= N&F
4^W %& (&
O & /K /' :JW AG *
4US
4(]G q h8 &" s8 , /'
:*&" ,%/=* m* +*0 ;n* +* 8 *&" s*8 ¤c :/K & /K
4N& + \ 3 /K h +,
A ^W %& ?/, &
O & ?/K /' _ F :d}% AG *
4US
4N& + \ 3 ^W %& ?/, ,Z)0"
AM i> F
*" ,(*'*< * *&" ,"* a* : /'* ,! i> :_ /' _
4F ¤c i"r m ""
?*/, *& :*& ,%/=* m* +*0 ;f*
N)/ F a :?/K & ?/K
4N& + \ 3 ?/K h +,
A ^W %&
*78 %*F (*SF +*

8" ,*& * *d" * h* ( Z
AM :]" ZA %F (SF E
, _
(* *78" ,Ar* h* '* %F K= u
0QM" ,Ar
O A F " & ?/K3" ,& >
4]
*&" ,u*0o " (& ?/K3" ,(& > 78 %F (SF +
; xr" y= E
, _
4( _ ( H %F (SF +
8" , ' %F ] " K= _ 7
٤٩٤
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ L
M US
O
O & ?/K %& /' \M :M AG *
4US
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 sq \ 8 \M
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 \&8 /'
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ,! i> %&
%*& ?*/, *& :*& ,%/=* m* +*0 ;f*
"* & :?/K ?/K
4N& + \ 3 ?/K h +,
A ^W &
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ L
M US
O
?**/K %**& N**< \**;" ,

**PM (**- (**& **/K N**< _ :1**7M"
4

PM (- (&
:O A
P R+Q i
*[$ R S P 3RW {0P #
S Q S ) +f
P Q Q SP S P R S P R J
B S P S J
P W P X R(=
R W R P
P S (
S S
E*0A , 8 ,(W E0A f , ?] :7M
B _ & −
4U/ \A HW&q" n " p " ,7 ¢W
:& 1I 0 ,p O 'c" p ~ :170"
: *KD : **" (*
: D : *<M J 9 : *D
J D 9 *;D V***
Q'*** D *D ****D D 3D 3***
O 9 *>D
0***
D D *9 * ; D D 9 n
*
D 9 D D *
D D E¡*

9 J ,L* " )* : *

/, UA ,A & %F (SF E
, _
* %/='*;" ,^*W %*& %*D/,M"
%*D/,
8
9 J *]L& *" ,!"
` ,)0
O f
" 8
O n N ; ]- 8 ,(& /K" ,& /K :V
4^W %&
٤٩٥
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﻭﺗﻨﻜﻴﺮﻩ‬

O
%*& *@ i* ;" 1 :** *8 {Q*;" , 7'* *= _ *A (*<0 * {Q;
:? /
1)8 :\= ,+/ 1" fL %& * Ec ,A
O A F −
4 < & '[
O
7'* _ *W| :\*= ,+*
F iq %& * Ec 8q A F" −
4N 'c f!" ,\p" f KK
:M ? 1I _ A ,+
F iq" iq n; M ;" *
:
: J e ,' : : D
O D : D X** : J J ?**8: a** "
: D 9 D 9 ZU**S :
ZU* D 9 C ?8 3D
'
[ D 9D ** 3 J 9 9 D
O
:\*= ,+*
& i* " i* %*& ** Ec 8 A F −
4f&
O C D " " '[ x 7' _ S
: : 9 J :\= , i& 7 ¢W A F −
(*P "* E
7
D
4_7= w0¤ (
:?; A +W; M <
8 W
O A F −
4a] ( :a] (& _ 17M ,2>" %& * 1c −
4a] (& :a] (& _ 17M ," %& * 1c " − N
4a] ( :\= ,
O " " %& * 1c " − *!

4 j ,j[ > :N& )I

٤٩٦
‫ﺻﻮﻍ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
,y*= :1*7M ,Z*
M %*& *3 \*&8 " %*& n-" & ¬);
,**& x* :1*7M" ,(*S " ,*S %*F r*<]" , *==" ,u=" ,
0="
,"** " **> :1**7M" ,(**& **" ,***& h** %**F (***& **;"
4
'" "
'" h %F r<]" ," " (>"
:!8W /r b 8 ¡}

4+
:?]" ,<> \&8 " %& ¬)
" ,*W
O +*M3> h*
! _ u*
0Q"
Ar* :u*
> * " m; +0 −
O
,2**
B %**& **7 ** **IW ** h** \)**W :\**= ,+**
& **8 " ,**,A
O
**," **& x** Z** **3 _ H!** s** _ **S :**0"
*
'[" u= _ /; %F 1 !] :17M" ,(& ;
4
'" == /' _ _M" ,2&
:*0 – * *UA *,A *& _ ;L* ^*8 %*& %/,;
D 9 J +0 −
* (*&
D D
*
_ :0" ,US \A & D
D u=
_ ) Z';
4
O 7
); US \A
:O A
R x 8# R S S xD bjS R \W R P S P R P
:
S
W S S
P ! S S 8S Q P S W
S S (%V S ? Q S
*[$;S R(= @ R S W
P S R :8W P Q P S 5
S P X S b0 R R P X 3WR 0
X R H(cn0
S S S 0 R
Q P P S
R z S
( x
P S ! P R
S G R (jS R `
P P
R ;Q 3R %Q R R
Q P% oX
S
P S PRS
P R ;Q /j
Ar* _ f*M \&8 * a (& %F

/K ¬); +0 %F (SF V 1I _
4 =0o _ f"
٤٩٧
S Q P
*[$4 x R S W
Q S !8 S P Q S \Q W
P S S G
S ! P R !B
z S S P !
S
P S PRS
P R ;Q /j
R PS R P
(]( R S @]
0S R MW X SQ R
R P S%VP /
( S PGR 5 +
VS ! S P S S /j
PRS
3#R S
R P%;S S R d
x X S Q bSjR R
"+R S
R (0 @R WS +P S
P S S S R :8
x S !] R R R S 8#
R S P
R R
*p$0

P S S P Q S P S (0 PSS S R S P <#P S
P S
P ! SS
R S ] R R c R R %=0 R R

S S R P 8 !
Q P P S S Y P SS S 8S
S S S P )9 P _
S 2 S S
\)**W ** **I **;" ** u**= \)**W :\**= ,V** **& **
8 N** ;" *
4; 7
'[" h' _ fqW "LB :\=" ,h
:
5%
r** ,2**/ %*& 1**M *U/<" , **8" ** ¢*W ** E'*
H**A */]
4n
0 ,hq ,rA ,;QA ,aA :]US" , H;/A %'M
:
a ¬) \&W %F (SF V 1I _
4F444 =K" uK"
0K" K :17
8 W; :i4+
\&8 8PF ]" U!" () 2r] _" ,+/ mS h \ '; F r¡/
>" ,W; 3 :FG
4+ +
; Z)0" +/;/M " ,+
; %F
*KK +*
W8 ,+/ mS %/ %& 3 ZA \&8 f/ ; F +0 /] V
;
:+!"

Ar* _ *& L* " ,u*
0Q _ *&8"
Ar* _ \*&8 *U" *-
*,
A %Mo; :AB
,n*[ '* %F K= _" ," m
/K3" > _ y= -" ,u
0Q _ (&"
4^W %&
/, h H< <M" ,m L "
O y*= Z*A %*F iq;" N
8 ,1" ZA - %& )7; :FG
f*/ %*& y*= *
I
: D9
4(& K =K 2r]" ,& KK uK r] :0 ,+;L!
9 J
O 1" ZA %& )7; :HG
2r*]" ,*& u*K r] :0 −L " )− +p/ %&
I
4(& =K
٤٩٨
‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
: #
@ / j : @9+
*
J D *
D ND* 9;" O * Ar*
J ,2®**; E**,K u**0o %**F 8q* O * **
0K ** **A F −
Z)*/ _ *W *UGM"J D 9 D ,\7=
: D R f
%& ('<" q D J ,j7/ N&F
J C C C 78
: :
E *" ,*/; 9 J 9 D H*,6 y*K %*F E *" ,H*,6 yK f! :0 ,UW[ D C
47; z
D 9 D 9 H,6 DyK
^
) N&F D D ND 9;J :Ar %F 8q O O
0K A F −
=0o
z
41! :

0K %& E z
J 9 CD , 1! D

0K EI z
J 9 ,1! J

0K f! :0 ,f
N*&F JDD*** N*** ; :Ar* z
"* " iq* *
B *
0K A F −
O
;Lp**W ** E**; , *v *
0K N** ** !**/ :**0 ,f** *** ^
)**
z
4
0= N E
WA
J O
,
0K
O " " iq
B
0K A F −
a*3 N&F N ; ,=0o
_ * , A U
& 7M"
C f
irM Q ," h8 ?> _ (</ j7/
z
** E**
WA ,**K H**, ** q**> :**0 ,+**&" ;**/ **
8 Z)**/
J J
z
4 ¹
0K ". DyK HLpW EI ,= H,
:* [
$ £] / j : £(cV
\*A _ ;L* ^*8 %*& *
/,
` * *<; ,Ar*
O " A F −
D : 0 , _ + I Z' N ;"
q> D 9 J ,f
H,KF h f u0o;" 1>
4O! & D
D
0= H , O! & D
D
0K D
H]S , O! &
0K
z
:H h
J +
8 M" f ;
k ,¹=0o " A F −
47
C 1" fL %& ^W 4(

O (&
D 9yK H]S
J O
: /A f
H,KF −
4;L ^8 %& ?/, 4 (

O (&
D DyK H]S
J : >W f
H,KF −N
٤٩٩
f**
ir**> 4(
*
O * (* : *K H]**S
D *& * J :**/ '**A h** f**
ir**> −b
4n
W[
^*8 f*7F" n
W[ 4(

O (&
D D H]S
K J :/ ^8 h f
ir> −
4;L
:170 ,= H :c ,h8e

*P :f*" ,
q +)M3 <' %& ?/, ,~ \ 8 H
4\&8 h8 \ _ ,aq %& ?/, ,\)
('**< 2**! **&" ,f**, "** a** :**K ,**! i**> :f**, =
4(<0 j7/ a +0 ;(7
:?] KK 'I %F 8P" Z
A" 8 u
> a'7/;
Q*S 3" ,*7 ¢*W %'*M" ,
'M %F ;& ]" : #
•
O A Ar
4=0o O " U
_" ,*> %*F *d" * h ( Z
AM & (,& ]" :d
•
O
'* %*F *K=" ,*=
0QM"
Ar*M
O "* m*8M (* 8 2r]
4" 78; d8 /K3" > ," n[M
%*F *K= *]" h*! %F iq; :]> ,&0 ]" :U`
•
4U
/=M" n" p ]" W %F iq; :y=" ,(
4,A
O A F +78;" ,W
O A F " n[;
•
4 :j[ > 4 ,N& )I

٥٠٠
N* M" * *U
! , *8 " ,*7 " ,(*W W` 8e •
4 _ U I Z'> %&
*/K" ,*& */K *U/ %/='*;" ,;L* ^*8 %*& *
/, ,] 8B •
4^W %& ]L& %/,;"
D 9 J ,%/= N&F N ; ]- 8 (&
:30 % b 8
UX
SQ •
4+
F iq %& 1 1c i&
D R J W
O O
8q A F − +
4+/ 1" fL %& 1 1c i& ,A
O A F −N
O
4+
& i " i %& 1 1c i& 8 A F − *!
4(S, +
& 1 \cM 7 ¢W A F" •
O ¬)*;" ,(*W *& * \*&8 " %*& \*&W a ¬); •
* q*;
4 8 & " ,A & "-
4u
0Q"
Ar _ +8- \&W a m; •
4+/
- xr N&F \= \&W a N&F <; •
O
* %*F " ,+*/ m*S xr* * %*F 8q* " *W
O \*&W a {Q; •
4(S, +/ \I
4W N&F N M , , %F " :& •
O
*8 " ,A
O " ,W
O ;+> h
! _ %/= N&F N ; •
4+
&
*7 *d ;a'* Ar* h*! N&F N M – 7 ¢W •
4+
4"
O O ]L
M <; – & •

!
4"
O W
O ]L
M <; U !" ]/=" ,n " p •

٥٠١
%*& * i*> \c F 3F ,)/
O W
O ]L
M <; :
UW3 aA •
4 PF %& L
;
8 aA
z
\*! a*A :17M ,"
O W
O " "
O O ]L
M <; : ;¤[ aA •
!
!P 1! aA" !%P
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼــﺮﻑ‬
٥٠٣
‫ﺑـﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻨـــﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼــﺮﻑ‬
:#
;
*<; – N < – a3 %& 1 ;/ ] :U} :k4:
4
3 _ <
4\ W +@ ;/ rU IW N a3 ] :U} _%
h*/; a'*I" ,(*>" * i)* * h/; a'I :&0 i) s/"
4
i)
:/(2 i ,D4
U} J% i :AB C6
:D + ,D}6 H(cn0 n 3I0% o )9 :i4+
4 ,& ,%>! , ,A :\= ,()7 •
4f/'> ,f0 ,fq ,f- :\= ,(" •
4f WS ,f ,fI ,f,6 :\= , !
O Hf! HA " r@ m;"
* *>W
O ,u*
0Q %*& * a3 c. E0A :()7 u
0Q n" •
4 :0 ,U,I
,n* *U,I *< *c. _ n :− (/ )M _ – (" u
0Q n •
7'* n* h* *7
7 _ *d ;("* E
* r*U" ,(L]
0= E,78
4 W/ h m/M ,\;6 i> U
&
:(" u
0Q nQ m ;
8 ; +
,/ ?,/; /]" •
_ *<M *78 , * _ " * h* m*W; 3 *U
& u
0Q n ¨6F :AB
,u*
0Q %*& *U
8 *3 3 HA _ {QM I" ,f0 :\= ,u
0Q %& 1M A
4 :/ a

٥٠٤
_ X*- * *U
& ("* u
0Q n ¨68 4f ,fI ,f,6 :\=
4+3 7
7> +/ ; 3" ,()7 u
0Q n \7
Z*
8 ,(L*] *U
8 *
0= Z*7/M
W 0< (" n :FG
:
W- 8M i) &/
O U a3 <; ?<
E8**-
**/K ** Hf*! **8 ,&)*
O *8 i*> **KK ** (" *<M −
4f ,f0 ,f/ ,f& ,fB :\= , <
*& *,7/ "
*- E*0A *8 ,*U
8 H" ? < _ (p <M −
f*& *8 4f – f0 – f/ – f – f& :\= , < E8- \-
4" & ,7/ (LU8 ,"& h!
:O A
R S R (cn0
@ S P Q H R P X n
Q R S WS
P S S #(
*[$J Q S S oX U?
S S P S Y4 P S J
P S%S 6 >
:_M bI0% =(? :FG
i** ^**W \**
&W" \**&W *** +M/<**" +**MA> _ ** h** **]"
47 " ,+ ¢W ,'A
v U
; n +=K" 1"
:
Mg H< %F 0G0 "
Z*pA – ap*& – 0 – !' – a – &I – p – p/ – p *
4X" – m&- – ¨/ – ¨/c –
− Z**;A − l
**-I − \**
KM − w;**] − **;B −
8)**& − ^
)** *
4^
MW − m;L
" ()*7 n* E*0A f* ,i) h/ _

& 7 7M u
0Q n %F (SF E
, _
4("
٥٠٥
h*! \A ?/ ;" ,V + ! <; 3 h! +0 h r@ )7 0!"
:\*= y*=" ,¨*/ :\*= 1" " , /A f; U" KK " 8> +W
'<M
4
8)&
:
,,'
' 2r@ h r] ? 0F"
O 1*! :i*[ ,V* + ! <; 3 +0 :I+
,+* ! *<; +*08 4=*
h* *;d s s/ rU8 4H3! %& h
8 1!" ,H3! :17
8
42 h! 3"
*<; 8 ,HW _ m7M <; 3 (- %& {Q; h! +0 :I(cV
*] *0Q<8 ,h r] _ {QM ? H< d" _ K A HW _ 0
4U
8 W +A; 3 ? -[ +0"Q 2W ,s ;B
:O A
S R S J%
*[$:W x PSR S R S +
S RS
!(8# S R #
:8 x R P J
S S ] Q x M
R
P S
P
Q S
R R +S
W
R )S :S Y R S S R x S R 8
*p$ P S S @PS M S
Q P% A:0 P S S
R P%
*s$J S
S 8 S P ]
Q Q bS`0 T S 2S R M
J P S o S R S )S :RS
S IS R !
P R
%
*$v R P R S
R R P R S R +S 3)
R R /j
PRS
Q Q P S U
S S S }c9W v S P S z Q
4s %U/
- ?]" i) a3 h/M ?
0= %F (SF E
, _
?*> _ */8
k j*7/ * \* 8 4*cg s %U/
- %F (SF E
, _
, 8"r f
& P&
O ;/ <;" , " h8 +
& 7;" /
8 k x :*A ," h8
4 H" ,! f3o] :17M
%**U/
)* UU,* i)** * s*/ ** \* M \;"* **A %*F (*SF E*
, _
4i) + / n/) c" 4+8- ; +0 Y , a&" ,s
h*/; +*08 \
>*S :0 ,+ m " ,@ ?
D R J F s %U/
- %F (SF E
, _
4 "
i)
٥٠٦
:/8c i ,(0
U} J% :FG C6
O +0< i) h/; :AB
4c & h &
4c & h W- +0< i) h/; :FG
:+ 8 J S

S :AB _%
:?]" ,
Mg E' \ (>" h a h/;
R
X S S −[
:!
# /r J (

**M 4 !**0 – Z**M – **;L; – **> – ^,**
C : **
Mg H**< **>3
_ *<; 3" 1* 8 jc " %& & f {QM :\ W )7
– *I C :1* 8 _ 3F *<; 3 \D* C8D " 8 4&
C – h*! O ;^,
C :\= ,f
4C
1* 8 _ <M (; U" _" & f {QM \ W )7; VrA
" %*& *<; " ,f* – f*
– */ – (L*U : &q* i"> \= ,(&
; !*0 − Z*M − *;L; − > :\= V" −+ -c
` <; a F"− \ W _ {Q;
:1*7M" 4
'* (* " *" %& ;" ;L; % :17M ,&
O
4', N> _ AS

,I >F ZM
D
,I
:O A
x RmS +P S R x P S Q uo
b S
S P S S d
P S S 4n x : P P t
S
# w L Q S /r S S S
:d(0 −p
* ?q*7M 8*P ;
*7 ®* :*0 8*P Z
AM +
"
,*]0I N*S :*0 ,/* Z*
AM 3" , W
q7 <M 8 ,('<
+;,
* :\= ,+; [ ?!L Z
A 3" ,?< N +08 4S
` }QM"
C
**0F" ,N** _ 3**7; **0F +**&" i)**" ,?**/, N** ** +**0 ;+**;"&"
٥٠٧
* " Hq*>" V*, :\*= +*; a*[; a xr
!L
` ,
AM
O ZA
4N<;
:O A
*p$S R R
cS f R SSP S
SP P S Q P x P S d
S (;P S ] Q S P ?S J
S X S Q W P S%P
S

:M
−s
,\
&**F" ,a
]**F :**0 , **
& s**P" %**& **< **<M ?**]"
, ** :f** ** 3F **
& f**
,0 f** h**
!" ,N**7 ;" ,¨**F"
4
! aU
& +" # H- " ,X0" ,]" ,Z
S" ,^-"
:/+ M
]089 0 *
O < <M :i4+
a* a]*/& E*0A *8 ,*/= A a _ &
4b,; " !
O ?'M Q V" ,U8- Z!" &
O ]/ ! aK /!
# 1**I 4*" ,X**0 :i)*0 r*U" ,i**> *KK %*& (**p *<M :FG
§tsrqp¦ :%* M 1*I" , :*7 §tsrqpo¦ :% M
4Z
)
8 +&" i) +
8 ; s/ r]
;/ a& " :X0
4 0 \
&F :17M : G+
47 ^W %& ?/, ,~ \ 8
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 \
&F
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W 0
O
:*/ a* :*G0 4*7 ` 1" fL c.
+0<* Z!" I 1I" ,NA x :0
4 :V' ^P"" ,
4i) a3 h/M Z
A"
%F (SF E
, _
٥٠٨
4' _ \
&F E; :d}% AG *

*P :f*" ,\*&W f* +)*M3 <'* %*& ?*/, ~* \ 8 E;
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
4(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W \
&F
'* 4N*& * +* \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> :_ _
4(]G ('< &" ?W " a '
C D :M AG *
4fW \
&F %& #
4^W %& ?/, ~ \ 8 CD
4(]G q + 8 &" ,s8 \&8 a;< a3 #
4N& + \ 3 <' %& ?/, ! i> %&
+*0 ;('*< *& *
0 *W 2*! *&" %*& ** "* a \
&F
4i) s/
:O A
R R R
R R I
*[$v S S J
P 4+ Q P%
S S R S
S P%I @ M8
S P Q S v] @ P ;S
P S )S (o S P 3W / S P S
:/% B D r −

* M;L /" n 8 ,q" =& :\= ,
M;L x a %';"
4 < \- '
" ,Y" ,a=&
* h*/ f*U *[

O a* *A 8 ,u
0Q"
i) h/; %F (SF E
, _
,3 i*> *KK %& pO , 68 :0 u0o , 6 :0 Ar A f ,7 O i)
O A F"
* =A A 8 ,3 i> KK %& <; 8 −%=0 a& <; :x– m
=0o
D D :\*= ,q;
*A F" ,*S O h/ } M"
C KK %& A F" ,Z/; :0 i) h/ KK
49/] :\= ,U! ! } A
٥٠٩
:O A
R S 4
S SS
*[$cI] P S S S /
?n S SS S S
#>= S S P S r
c:
W P S R S uo
S S S
:A
−
*<; * ,B"
O ,c. " %F " 3 O O
:x ,3" a <; :x
,q*
D J ,^!D J ,nD J ,XLI
D J ,h!
D J ,a! D J ,\>
D J ,\ K D J ,&
D J ,8 D J " %&
D J :\= ,\ 8
,n* ,X*I ,h*! ,a*S! ,\*&K ,\*> ,*8 ,*& :*& *" ?*]" 4\,]
DJ
4\] ,P ,^!
:O A
R R Q
0
*p$ ]0

P S S P }
Q Q R P X R
@ P S ((
0 SR
j *
P S )S $
c
@ S R P X S A
Q P

SP S
:H(cn0 −
:? / %& i) u0o a h/;"
, *68 :*0 ,*
7
7>
` O *=0o
*=
0QM O *A f* ,u*
0Q f [
O <; −
:\*= ,*
GW O *=0o
` *=
0QM O *A " , *; , *;8 ,
W*- ,(*;8 , '*
W0 , *;c ,(L&
4 6 , , , ;" ,(L>
** h**/; +*08 ,**WB :*0 M**p **0" n* +**

8" *&
O **A F a**3 %*F (**SF E*
, _
4i)
O
,i)* * h*/; +*08 3" A" – a U
,S
O " – &
O A F a3 %F V
;
:hP KK _ 1 "
f'*/ H*" ,h*!
D f'*/ E;" ,h! D J %& A −
J D J f'/ f! :0 ,
A ¢W \ 8
4h!
D
4& D J %F 1" a − N
D J :0 ,\ 8
1* i)* * *&/ * :**8 ,* *; V*¡! :*0 ,+/
; ; F , − *!
4
+,S"
4 :\
7& XS :G0
٥١٠
,i*W& , * ,Z*/; :\*= ,f*M *
*<
8 *;/
` O *=0o
*=
0QM O <; −N
47 ,/& , ,ZAA ,
]
,)* ,*/] ,*& :\*= , } A ?K= ? a r] b[;" *
* H*& :1*7/8 ,i)* h/; ;" ,i); 1 2r] _ ; +08
z H&
) ;U! )
4) D
,i)* * + / Z!" 78 ,
&
` } A ?K= a A F *
49 D ,l> :\=
:O A
S S P c R S P J% Q P S S x
S S P Q 7IS R H
T cZ S S
b6; Q Q P S
R P S 2 6 > X S Q o
xS x S +S x P M R X \
P S S )
S P 9S D+
S P )
Q P r
P P P S )S +P S
6 S S +S :G S P WS
P S S J% S P R S M8 R R R
R R I
v4+ Q P S S %I @ S P Q S v] @ P ;S
P S )S (o S P 3W / S P S
:i ,+ 8 J #? c U} J% :FG _%

D 9 D " %**& W)** **<M x :!
# /r −[
:\**= ,\** W " **]" ,\** 8
: * ,c9J ACrD c.
*&/
O
*8 *c. D J D ,¤A ,aG& ,\q8 ,¨ ,qc ,>
4 &8 " %& ( : +=0o" ,\&8
v D c. : " %& +0 ;i)
:\ 8 " %& ]" f[ ^W c. D D :_ 178

D D \M7 H
4c.
\)
P f" ,\&W f +)M3 <' %& ?/, ~ \ 8 H
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/,
('**< 2**! **&" ,f**, "** a** :\**M7 ,**! i**> :f**, \M7
4(]G
h*/ ('*< *& *
0 W ]! &" (" \M7 * W- c.
٥١١
4i)
4\&8 " %& ]" f[ '< c.: :_ 17M"
: : H *
4\M7 c
4]c. %& (]G ('< ]! &" f, (" :c. <8
:l
*> :**A ,f* 8 +*=0o *F f \,7M 3 \ 8 %& W) _ ;
f* \*,7; * *A *8 ,
)*[ W*/ ,. :\*= ,+ u0o 3 +0< " ,f>
4 (" ,\ \! :0 ,i-
:V 1I
*p$:I P S S 0S R
S S 2n x (cn;
H R P S _% S S P S /r
:
W+ R
Q P S S 3 ? T
S QP S y P ? P S S
R R ?P a R PS
*s$()
X S R
P 9 a8 P S S
S S Jx S n (#
PX P S S R 8S (
X S =+ S
JP R %Q W} R
Q Q S cP *$#@ ?
P S !R ?BP S P 3W
R R c
J"
P Q
R R S R (6
Q SPS P S
P Q P S P i BW
*$
% S P S
S P S % P S S W
S T S Q }
P S S P S S !(+
b
W+ T S P S S A+
TS P SS
4 j _ /" , :\

7& XS" , :/ a :G0
*U
F aq*0" ,i)* * h/M d8 , P&
B :x ;
- E0A F W) %F (SF E
, _
4f \,7M a" \ W " %& dA
* ; 3 +*08 ,\*- _ W-
+08 – h :0 – P& E0A F W) %F (SF E
, _
_ W*- +*08 ,a*] :*0 \*- _ W*- *] *
8
*3 ~" ; 3 A ,i) h/ _ +
4f 1 \ aK , +
8 f? \-
4h/ +8)0 +W-" :\- _
O
3 *U7> *<8 HW)* E'*
,
% 8" ,p
c" ,7) 1! : %F (SF E
, _
:\*
c _" ,(7 %/ :1! _ \
[8 ,U
8 n- \
[ aUq U / <" ,i) h/M
4u,[ %/ :% 8 _" ,\
[ %/
٥١٢
:/c + D r − p
,%* 8 " %*& *U=0o * 8 " :x ,*0" nQ* (*;L W) E0A 8
4&! ,,qB ,; ,< ,& :\= ,i) E /
:\**= ,i)*; Vr**" ,f** **
U/
O **U=0o **<; 3 W)** 2r**] _ **;"
4 0;& , 00 U=0o ;;&" ,0
:O A
R x R R R R x R S S S r
R
P Q H(cn;P S 70S R
*[$0 P S
S Q /+ P )
P S ?
P S 3W /:
W
P S S S
:A
− s
:
P _ V" c. " & :x , " W) <M :x
D J " %*& :*/] *<M" %*" ( & > W) E0A F −
" 1* 8
D J ,h**"
**c D 9 D s** D 9 D **K"
D J ,u**=" J ,%**D/="
9 D f**D/KJ ,**>" D J :**0 ,\** W
D 9 D **> D9D
9 D s'*D *MJ ,=*
*D *&J ,h'*D *" D 9 *" D J ,h,'*
D **K D 9 *"
D s,*D *J ,'*
D 9 *" D 9 D
D *D *J , **["
O
1*7M * 3*,8 D9D
,
M* *< * *& *" (*/ x _ ?]" , "
D 9 D c " ,c
4 [ D D J c :17M , 'c
O D 9 D 'c
O D 9 D c :=
O
D D J HM*7 H*" ,*c
?*]" ,*c D D J ('*/ H* :0 V" c D J A −N
D u0o h!
4\ 8 " %& ] xr c.

**P f**" 4\**&W f* +)**M3 <'** %**& ?**/, ~** \** 8 H
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
('*< 2*! *&" f*, "* a* :HM*7 ,! i> :f, HM7
4(]G
*[
O u*0o <; 3 ,\ W "" W) i) h/; a3 %F (SF E
, _
4f
٥١٣
+*0 ;('< &
0 W &" ,(" HM7 W- c
4i) s/
:O A
R P S 3RW x x P 8S J
P S Q S :V
+ S S Q S bS%G P S <#
P ]0

S S P Q ?
P S J
S S A Q P%
SS
R x R R
S S P ( W
*[$
Q P S J P S 4S
x S B P I S S V
S Q S : Q S bS%G
P S /r
Q P S S
4h/M 3 P
W-8 ,
- <M h/M ? W) _ ;" *
Vr**A" 4 **0;& _ m,** **A f** \**,7; ** **<; 3 n**- _ **;" *
4 P&
W- ; 8) d8 \
r %/ Z0 " ,?7 %/ W-
J
4< r] *
4, h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, ,(SF a r]
4(]G q + 8 &" s8 ¤c <
D
4< E; *

**P :f**" ,\**&W f** +)**M3 <'** %**& ?**/, ,~** \** 8 E;
4\&8 h8 \ _ ,aq %& ?/, \)
D
4(]G W +,)0 &" N)/ + 1 W <
4<' H *

*P :f*" ,\*&W f* +)*M3 <'* %*& ?*/, ~* \ 8 H
4\&8 h8 \ _ aq %& ?/, \)
*W 2*! *&" ,f*, "* a* :<* ,*! i> :f, <'

/, & f _ V" ,i) h/M ? f
S 1 "
W- %F V
;
.cJ _ VrA" ,\ W" 1 8 %&
٥١٤
4i) s/ +0 ;('< &
0
:0;
*W *<M" Z)*/;" ,h*8 & q <M" h8; i) s/
4 & ?] ('< &
0 W <M" ;" ,Z)/ & ?]
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺻـــﺔ‬
4\ W +@ ;/ IW N a3 ] :U} _% *
:¡
S ]" (>" +8- h/; +/ s/" *
4(" " ()7 u
0Q nQ [ a3 −
4s %U/
- − N
:&0 ]"
& ! h/; +/" *
" :?*]" , *
Mg \* *>F *!" h* &
O +0< i) h/; −
4u
0Q ,1 ,/" n (; , ,Z
A ,\ W
(*; ,\* W " : *
Mg \* >F h W- +0< i) h/; −N
41 " ,0" n
*& *W *<M" ,h*8 & q <M" h8; i) s/ *
4" Z)/
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺠـــﺐ‬
٥١٥
‫ﺑـــﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺠـــﺐ‬
Vr*" ,*>" " * *M/ *dF :*I f*7 ;\
q*W +* m"
4
O U/ \< 8 xr V i[ ,] U !
:dM
0
;
'**0 +**/& ¤**& x **S '**>F :**]" ,+0'** " ** ** G ** **]
4+
& 1M Z
Q
:dM
0 /0()(6 /0=(}
:]

I
- Z
O A " ,( \! :0 ,
W+ :bB
4;
**7
8 ,a
**G& f?**S %**/ ,n**-" %**F b**M 3 **M (**<0 **,
4, h8 \ _ <' %& ?/, ,n-

**P \**&W" ,^**W %**& ?**/, Z** f**0 **! ~** \** 8 D D9
A
4\-¥ 8cO ] :2;7M !"
O '
*
W " ,(]G W +,)0 &" ,N)/ + 1 W ;
O
4, ¤c h8 \ _ 1 W" \&W" \ W
:l
* ;
*P
O ]* \* W q* U
* %*& f* h! :
, *
,f?*S %/ M (<0 ]/ +;,
A" ,, d %& ! A ,U
&
¬'*;" ,(*pW s0 r]" ,Z %/ U/q @ t" ,U'W/ M ?]"
4
;), U! 2A ]" ,(</ f3
:*G0 4 8*- x ; )*I0 (*<0 " ,xr* %*/ *- :x , )*I0 *8 ?] :Wc 1I"
4 :^;) XS
٥١٦
\
** ,?*/, ~* \** 8 *d *] *" ?p'**<" ;)*, *A :!
W+ −
\
* ,a* *d
8< A" ,a< f; :* EW
P F U
& ;I 0 1c
4)M d
: D ;L
4 \!"
9 P R P S :(cG
z A :0 , !
W+
:\*= ,*;A
O *- %*/ ,A :*8 ,; O A :+-" ,+ 8 :%/ ]"
9 : 9 D :*/78 ,*W
8 ,(B - :x ,
, B
\*&W _ f*, H*;" ,*; *A
C D 8 ,W X-
*/0 ;+* %*WA \*&8 _ LM a" ,+ \ 8 _ :x ,/] EL aK
4;L %WA" ; %WA :170
a*K 41* 8 _ 3F *<; 3 f*/, r*] \* 8 *
8 %*& (/ h!" *
\*- _ *]" ,¤*[ 2*/ " ,* *W +*GW :;)*, 178 ,+- _ Wc
a*3 %*F *
*- /*F ^,I" ,rA - %/
- %& ~ \ 8
4f, H;L8 ]G
,'*
*P +*&8" ,%*/ "
O *GW P R P S
;/ Y ;"
O * \* 8 !
W+
4Wc " fW x ] r]" ,+ 1 W %& f, H;"
4 ;L A :? 1= N&F /& i[ r] ^q;"
^*W %*& ?*/, ,Z* f*0 *
*- %*& f*! ~ \ 8 A9:9
4
) ~ <' + 1S 2U| h/ ,7
(*7 q* +* 8 *&" s8 \&8 :; ,p ! i> :f, ;L
4pL i> A \ 1S ]U| h/
4\ ,M
O + 8 ;" ,\&W W ,M
O ('< " E 0
4 :\
7& XS" , :^;) XS :G0
٥١٧
:FG + b 8 h8e *
4E0 2;7M '
P :\&W" ,<' %& ?/, ,?7
7> \ 8 A
('**< ** **&" ,f**, "** a** :**;" ,**! i**> :f**, ;L
*A *A *; :;*7" ,\* W *7 "*" *" ,(]G
42 f! Ar \ W ) +! N[8 ,;L
:O A
*[$]S R x Q P S !]
M P R P S R
S P S !
Wn P R +P S ]M
;
S w S S S P R>cP !
S
P S v S
WnS PSR
*p$I P R ?+
S R R \
R
P S S S%( ( S PS
P S S bW+ R cP !
W+P S ;P R
S S %]}
QXS S S S
:DW
D D 9 ** \ '*; **8 ,(*>"
**- *L; **! Z* * 8 •
**
B \* 8
9 : 9 D 3" ,?P
4
B \ 8
k # :aU*I \*= , /;7 i ;"

7
)
B Z {Q; I •
2
!8
O
:dM
0 m(? 2
:"S 'c \< 3F \
qW a" Z \ 8 %/,;
D 9 J 3"
O <; :i4+
n* * 2*/ * ²c rU" ,\ 8
B
/,; 8 , 8
C D :aUI rS" ,2> " ,+W! :178 ,"
4¢GS l ]" ,+)
` \ W <; :FG
4b[" ,m0" ,b> :0
/,; 8 ,
KK
4+ \ 8" ,+ 8 ]" ,Z \ 8 ?

- %F (SF E
, _
O
.+ 3 W +0< Z)/; \ 8 %F (SF E
, _
٥١٨
%'*" ^,- Z ^); 8 ,lI0
B M
` \ W <; ;" *
4A"
O * \** W **<; **;" *
,%'**& :\**= *O *! **A **8 ,**! **
B 8)*
4^); a ,a 0" ,
"
:*0 * *
/,; *8 ,l7/" (;L H"W 2/ \,7; <; :HG
*0F" ,H* :17; 8 ,H"W; 3 H8 ,(>" U7
7> ;?/8" ,H
42pG0 %& Z ;
D : J ,NP
4\I" D : J :0
/,; 8 ,1U
/,
` <; 3 :J
*8 ,u*0o f* 8" Ar* \ 8 %& +/ U, W) <M 3 :KL
:*0 * 3" ,(]*G N*
1* 8 * UU,S" b&" ,?& :0
/,;
*]0" w*&" ,?* :*0 3" , 1 8 ]0" >" ,
,%& ] :V I ad ;\ 8 " %& U/ n- ? ,? 1 8
4\ 8 " %& U/ \&W a8 4w&" ,%" ,>" ," ,b&"
: U0C dM
0 m(?
:? / %& " _'
B \ W Z ;
C DDJ
,^,*- :\*= ,)*I0
O *A " ,* ,*7M :\= ,3V:V (m !
# / j −
,q**c :\**= ,f** 8 +**=0o xr** \** 8 %**& +**/ n**- f**! " ,%'**
* ?
)* {Q*0 Q* V*" ,*S, *
B m*; +*/ Z* %F /-M fqc
Z* * \ W ) aK ," i' Z/ \ 8 + \ 8 9 : 9 ,+ 8
D
:
'*> D O
9 9 !+*& h0)* *7MF '>
D :\= ,3"o ) r] A ;-
O ,+/
– Z*/ \* W */
MQ8 ,i*> *KK %& ,p \ 8 7M :*8 !+&
D D h0)
J 7;
D Q
47MF ) /¡! aK –Z +/ /-"
٥١٩
O
*S * !3* 9 : 9 D !3
* ^,)*; Q \! O D
^,- \! :AG
!sL (qc
D
2[0 xr \ W Z
- 0rc ,AIM (%] !
# / j − h
O
" ;)* * ** I,'* 1U ?/, \ W ] hq0" , 7' 7;
: J * : D : J *D '*> D :&J :_ 170 , ;)
i*& D : '*>
9 9 ,m*
e i*& D D 9 :m k i
9 : 9 ,¨)
4¨) 17; Q \! J 17;D J \! :¨) 17;J :0" ,m
a*K ,+*0
m,* *A Z*/ \ W
) 0rc ,(#% !
# / j −
3 :_ 1*70 ,?*W/ i*>" ;)* Q* I,' O ?W/ \ W sq ] {Q0
4\U ^/; 3 Q \! :\U ^/;
:O A
S R P R R(m
#0c P S ; x P S !
X S !`W S R S S z ?Q :
W x S VS R R I=
P S Q P ?
Q S
S R Q !(])
*p$:
W S R S O)x R
S R(m
PS S :I
S S 2+ R S
P S 3i` x
Q ? P S R R(m
PS S
R R R X 2+ R 2+

S 8S Q w S
PS S Q P S
Q L S Q Q P 2 +P S
II] S S +P S
P PSS
R S R]P R Y R P S
P
W+ R 0S %P R R

*s$d P M Q w S ! S
P S S d}
P S Q
P S S P }
Q S P
SS
R P%R o
R X b 8 R S R R 4 R Q w%R S
P V+Q
*$ Q S S K
P 6;S 9
S P Q S R(=
P S
P Q P
4 :/ a " , :^;) XS :G0

4Z ?
- f/ /& ]8M Z; ? " %F (SF E
, _
?*]" ,"* \<'M a ? 1 8 Z %F @ \-; ? 7; %F (SF E
, _
r] <;" ,_'
B \ W )
M aK ,S " S :0 ,Z/ \ 8
) f/,
4Z \ W + 1 W +0 %& )/
O )
a*<> *U/ %*D/,;9 J 3 +*0 m,* ?* 1* 8 * \* 8 * Z* \* 8 f/ " F +0 V
;
42qc :aUI 0 ,+
& 7; 3" ,2"/
٥٢٠
:DW
:
6 +/ Z ir> ; −
C D F −
4\
+
& 1
4
P
O A F −N
ir***8 ,a***@ )***" :x ; :a;*** §ÙØ×¦ :%*** M +***I :G
4+
& 1 \
;+/ Z
4a]U& \! A :0 ,Z \ 8"
A (; ; −
4+0' " , \ 8 G ] :dM
0 •
:/0=(? dM
0 !
# •
9 : 9 −
!+ \ 8
!+ 8 − N
:3i ,2 dM
0 30=(? 7%] 0 *
*M
` *<; " ,*
KK
` \ W <; ,1 8
B
/,; 8 , 8O <;
O
*<; 3 ,H"*W \*,7; * 2/ \ W <; " ,8) <; " ,lI0
B
4\ 8 " %& +&8 a <; 3 ,1U
/,
`
z
i'*
* \** W %Mo**; Z** f**/ **/ 8 "** 2r**] ** **S **78 F" *
42C/
C 0 %& 2 _'
B ) %Mo; aK ,+/ Z ;" "
4
P
O A " ,\
+
& 1 F +/ Z ir> ; *
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻗــــﻒ‬
٥٢١
‫ﺑـــﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻗـــــﻒ‬
:#
;
4 A & :=
n**I **/] +** **" , **< **c. **/& m**/ h**I **] :4:>?
@
4x
c3
: 5((=;
:+I _ aUq U ! H
M nI
A] Q S P R P S
Q S S P S 2e Q R P S
Q P X S (%}0 0
P I
]0 T S P R S ,Uo4
S Q S P S S ,/)j T P S S ,!6c
TPS
:{gA ?]"
:H(cn0 7; b 8 :9+
@
:**0 ,\** W " ,E*CJ"D ,E*CKJ **0 ,i** )** u**
0Q f**M E**0A F *
_ *U
& n*I; *08 E*/" ,E*c :0 ,^
- A U,I" a " ,EI
4f 1> 2r]
,(*K :*0 −^*W ?*]"− *A> *U,I A F f] U,I " ]®7F ;" *
4(A" ,(- :0 ,\ A " ,(S"
:*0 _ f U
& nI" I" ,fU U
& nI; 1> 2r] _ ^)8 "
§³²±°¯®¦ :%** M +**I ,'** Y** **I **>
4f :i&
4 :/ a

٥٢٢
n*I; ^*- 8 ,+* m* * " a'* u*0o h*! * *
O A " *
,H3" :*0 ,h a UU,S @ m;" H' :17
8 ,f U
&
4H&" ,H8&"
:V 1I
R {? C
P ?
*[$! R
Q X S x S R
P PR
P S /j
Q S !
R P R H(cn;
P R Q iS )9 R R P S ;S
R P P 3WS
S
R P SP R
S S P K

*p$b0c R P S (m
Q P S S bi"
S S x R P S J
S S {(}; R P S 3WR S !
X SS
:6% b 8 :(cV

@
O *<; *F ]" ,U,I '< f; 2c. xr a3 ]" :6%
,*0/
4nI 1> jc a<> > \<" ," n 07
O <; F"
:/% 6% −[
z *I f**! :1**7M ,n**I **/& 2®**; ir**M "*
,~* O * " **&8
O **A F −
z
4~7 H"
¨"" 1"" ] %&
=A nI" Vr" ,f
+
& n7M ;" *
, :*& §¸¶µ´³²¦" :*& §hgf¦ :% M +I
4?I" ,?" ,x] :]78 , :& §íìëêéè¦
4
PI
O O ;/ /" 2f; /,K )/
E; :\= ,W O A F −N
* O <; F ,u

0Q f [ %F (SF E
, _
O *<; F" ,f +
& nI
8 8
4fU U
& nI" V
B E0A F" ,f U
& nI
8 ^
- A i> f \,I"
W %& nI \I"C ,f +
& nI" +U,S " !
O A F f [ %F V
;
4f
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻗــــﻒ‬
٥٢٣
f*! :\*= ,f*
H*,K *<; +*
& n*I *8 :: B (W / /+ −p
4?P7 H ,?P7 E; ,?P7
1** %**& **U n**I" Vr**" ,ir** +**
& n**I **;" *
§½¼»¦ " :***& §_~¦ :%*** M +***I _ ¨***"
4 :8B
**] ** +**/& ¤**&" ,**
7 Z'**0 +* ! %**& f**
**
=A ** n**I""
%*& x*; xr*
*I :17; < ,^)8 W[; 3 U ;^)8
4&7
:O A
x R S d}P% S R R P X R 6%
R Q P S S
S S P S 5]VQ Q
8W P b
P S S Q P S %0 Q P S S Uo4
R Q P (P f R P S R K R R P X R (m
*p$3#0 S z S Q Q Q xQ c 3W S R P

S P R %0 Q PS S
@ %0 d −s
O – ;*/ – /A'* */ Z*I n*I _ Z*; :#+
_ *W
:\p' K
9 :bB
nI; Q \ XS _ W)& L!" ,^
) ] r] F
4/ U
&
*A F" ,*]0A ?* _ \p'* *K _ j*7/ f*; H*,KF Z; +0 / a Z>- A
F q*;"
O O
, *< *8!F *< * E8r> +0 ;?W; :0 ,+&q E
" fW i"r
%F (LU ?]" +/
& A> E70 ?p +- \&8 a J :0 ,
i"r A
4 :\
7& XS" , :/ a :G/; 4m
7 E8r> aK ,f
*<; a* F" ,n* +*/;/M * 1* )*/
O *A *8 ;*/ j*7/ %*& nI %F (SF +
8
\*&8 a* * :*0 ,f*W "
i"r <; 3F ,ir +
& nI [8 )/
O
*!" , /A* f*
E,K )/
O A" 0/ D
O <; a F" ,%8" sq ?W; ,x :17M
4]&
8 ir" H,K
٥٢٤
:m* §µ¦ :%* M +*7A , *W I W

W[
A 0 :(cG
4n U
& h
nI" :n; §u¦"
O E; :0 ,N)/ a3 ;/M :GG
3F n * +
& N nI" 4;
4;
9 E; :7; ir" <' W7; ad8

:nC
**/ %**& n**I a**<> **] ** **A **" ,+**
& n**I; **A Z**<; **W
4n Z<8 U
& nI; A Z<M d A /A'
4 A c. /& m/ hI ] : •
*U,I * A* ^
*- a* " ,\* W " i* c. E0A F u
0Q fM •
4f U
& nI"
A* " – ^W – A> U,I a c. E0A F f] U,I " ]®7F ; •
4\
4f +
& nI; + m " a' u0o h! _ ^)8 •
*;" ,n*I */& 2®; irM "
O " &8
O O A F j7/ •
0/
4f
+
& nI
D : 9 J f
E,K
O ;/ 1"
4W : D : 9 J ,)/ j7/ A F •
O
4f
H,K <; +
& nI 8 ," n 07
O j7/ A F •
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‬
٥٢٥
:W>0 B :9+
@
,&*; a* *7 :\= ,m;W n %'M" & "" n Z<M −
4\ W _
- "" d ;+ &; :\= ,\ W "" Z<M 3"
O :x ,f;
,*] ,%* :\*= ,f*; U*- *A F ()*7 W O n Z<M −
4%W
4E
:178 ?P \ W %F 2M Q V i ;"
4
8 :17
8 ,
/= i
8 a3
:$ ?,6 1I
:I% S P R P O
S P S S !
#
S S P S ~W ? P S R 5
S (j S PS S /j SQ
R P S 7)B
P R S I#; R
S Q SR P S S
P S P (%G;
:$ x; 1I"
P R S 9
6; R S R 7;
S S h>L R P R PS S
S S R vnW Q Q Mi
Y R S P%8 mQ !
S O S X
R SR
@ P S Q
#
P P j
P R S P R d0
*[$B Q S P Q IW
x R
X R S 7(
S P S 9j S 0]0
Q S P S S
R
S P R Y;
@ P S 7( PR S
Q S S /W
,%qM ,%W) ,%& :i> KK H"M F f; n Z<M −
O aM d8 ,f; U,I A F 3F
4
> ,
0 :\= ,W
O Z*<M *d8 f*; *& *,7/ *<M a*" , * _ *<M a F n −
3" *W
4f

U-Q8 4& :0 ,f
Z<M
4HWI :17M V0 ;f; & ,7/ E'
8 4WI :0"

4 j ,/ I XS

٥٢٦
‫ﻫﻤﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬
:I#
;
_ ir*M" f*3 _ E*,=M ?* ?]" ,A' m/ %F @ \-;
C D D J ? ?]
O \-
4 A 3 }78 70
D 3" A' ,; 3 +0
&I _ *
*8 ,* %*& n*I;
,A'* m*/ O *-M
e *A \- (L@
M Z!" /A
O < 1" A
4\- (L] (LU 2r] %'M"
:O A
R R
R 0Q j R
Q R P S )P :S
0]G0 P S R 9jX R ~
Q ]GQ P S 9S vT R )S f
T i R ?
P S ! P SP
:
)8 _ U
8 <"
:I
']" & :AB !}#
4i> F" ,\ 8 F" ,a F < :17/8
:)9 & !? Dfi
:
&0 _ 3F +
8 \- (L] <M 3
, */" ,*" ,E*" ,a* : |W (& ?]" ,)
B f :i4+
b¦ :%*** M # 1***I ,***M" ,(***" ,®***" ,*** _ *** ?***]" ,a/***"
4/K" /K" ,a'7 _ ;" :(7, §c
:V 1I
x (RcnP;S xR R(S%VP
JPR];S H JPR)Q x%QP xP ~
x ) x) 3RW
S P S P S P P S
R IS#PR0)P9R 3RW S
!QIXCSQ P+S AQS]PQS oSS AP+S fQPiS QQPS
٥٢٧
´³²±¦ :%** M # 1**I ,h**I HL**] +**ML] **8 h** i**[ *

4 :& 1. §¾½¼»¦ :1I" :a/ §µ
:**0 ,
**[ 1** 8 )** ?**]" ,)** ?**] f** :FG _%
4 73" ,b[3 :0 ,
'" ,fI3" ,¨03
:!
# & !? Dfi
b[* :0 ,

` D J " , " ?P m0 :0 ,
c
` A F \ W
4\-" (L] +MLU8 , " ?P
9 : 9 ,L*B
,N*P J 9 :*0 ,sq* _ +
0K <'; xr ?K= VrA" −
: 9
* (L*] E*0A r* ;A +
0=8 ,?; ,"L; ,Nq; :sq _ 17M ,
4\-" (L] +/
:O A
b SMScP QPcS x
SS P+S PR SGSP+S b S8S S0S4 P ax S !x
P#RR SiPS
R PS ¤S
*[$oS#QcPS P S 3RV:SG w QP+S oSSS Q%PR RS}P
S S RPSBP S
:U & !? Dfi
*0 ,1 n*; ( %*& 3F \*- (L*] +*
& \c*M a*8 i* "
4
& \-" (L] 1 (LU8 4W" :VI
:O A
R IS#PR0)P9R 3RW S
!QIXCSQ P+S AQS]PQS oSS *AP+S$ fQPiS QQ
P S
(L*U +*/ )*" * " ,i*> * %*& p

O A F \ W %F (SF V 1I _
4?K= rA" ,\-
٥٢٨
:!? Dfi 4 & :FG !}#
:8 (W
4a ]" , W
P _ aq" ,=A _ '< ; :U/ −
4n; 3 (L] ?]" ,-c
` ^W ;
k D J :U/" −
D J ** :**U/" −
**; **]" W
**P ** _ '**<" ,^)**8 _ ^W** *C *;
4a'7 _ \ '
,*-Q
O *P
` +*=K aq0 F ?K= ]" ,}78 aq ;
C D J :U/" −
+**=K :x ,x"L**B :U**- ;(** xL**B" ,Z**A ,\**I :**0
4q

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟــــﻊ‬
٥٢٩
‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺮﺍﺟـــــــــﻊ‬

'** **,& :m*
7M ,\U** * ** ,b'** * :% & A?B −
4 'o :H"
, == , ,?W
H*A¤ * ;* 1*A ,x*/ x,0 :U:L !C & U}ce −
* ,U}ce U}0c9 :N*A + " ,
? > ,&
4 : ;) ,< :H"
,
,& ; ?

1*! # *,& * * :*] :O (#+ bj OC {"+ −
**,< H**/ :H"**
,# **,& ** **> ** n**; ** ;**
4 ;)
***
q***U/ :H"***
,?***! 2***,& 4 :% v(]>0 −
4
%" , ,^- # ,& ,W :% > 1 % !(M
; −
4 S ,< :~;
,x*/ * :m
7M :?/
; %W) :(
J −
4 ;) ,< :H"
,K=" '[ ,
,# **,& ;** f**@ ,\*
7& ** :O (#+ b 8 !(68 12 −
4 <W :H"

(#+ bj OC ¢I% bC ,O (#B F2B 12 −
*,< :(]*7 ,*
*,& *
'* *
,& :m
7M :O
4 ;]
;* 1*! ,V* * ,-7 \
<M" pW \
U'M :!(IC0 12 −
* A*" ,
* >* *,& A* :m*
7M ,# ,& #,&
4 %" , /" &, ] ,x"
4 f
>F ,# ,& c ,x] :{("0 b 8 {}0 12 −
٥٣٠
,**& '**> n**; :m**
M" ^
)**M :(W b 8 " 12 −
4 ¨) 'o :U6
f***7, *** ;*** m***8 ,
*** ; *** :Lf !}# 12 −
4H"
,Z< a& ,?&
;
;****** ****** ]******6 ****** ,x******."
W :'( 6 −
**,& '**> :m**
7M ,x
** **& ** a
]**F ** N**7 ; ** **
4
" <8 E
:H"
,/
*
* , :m* * * , ,j[ > :h8e } −
4
'* *,& :m*
7M ,*=& * "*& * ,¤/I :]() h0 −
4 ?0[ ,< :(]7 , == , ,"]
** ** ** ,N** :(q 0 b 8 d −
4 <W :H"
,?/
&
,?*****
W :3
W (] 1 dm & (% 1]} −
4
,< :H"
,x7 ?& >
(* A :H"
,
0= , ,?/ ,& ,I :% M
−
4 h;
* :m*
7M ,x)*0 *] * :d8B d0 8 d(] 3%= −
4 ;) ,< :H"

,& ; ?

**,& ** :m**
7M ,**;L; ** ** **, ** ,¤** :d`06 −
4*] x) N< :(]7 ,
q& m[
'** **,& **> :m**
7M ,o** ** ?**& ,W)**& ** :h6 −
4 y , : x, #,&" ,x
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟــــﻊ‬
٥٣١
'*o :H"*
, *== * , ,?/'*> , ' :& % −
4
Q* :m* %*" * , ,
c ,y> :C( % −
4
i** :(]**7 , '**[ ** , ,'**> **,& :& % −
4
;*** 1***! ,?6
'*** :JM J 12 & JI Ji −
4H"
, 8 ,< ? >,&
,%W)* a
]F > ,?SU :(
= ())B 86 −
4 ;) ,< :H"
,aI > 4 :m
7M
***
0= *** , ,***> ,,***I :h8e U} % & ! −
4 \
:H"

:*& %*" * , ,\*
c \
,0 ,aM> 4 :86 & 2 −
4 /
– */ %W) ,] 4 − ,[ > ,& 4 :3))B % −
?* *<W :*& %*" * , , *> ,n
,& 4
4
q**U/ **,< :(]**7
** a /** **,& ,1** **,& :! % −
4 ;)
:& %" , , SB " , < 4 :36(]>0 3
% −
4<W
* : ;/<* *== , ,
; ,?/ ,& :& % −
4 "c
4 N, ,< :(]7 ,
& 4 :b#} % −
٥٣٢
*
*< *
0= * , ,?*8 \*P8 ,?*" 4 :3#(l % −
4 h;" / 0 :\p> , ; '
%***" ** , ,n***; Z**
,> , **
/ 4 :U} % & & −
4 1U ,<" :H"

:H"*
%*" * , ,?*& ,x ' 4 :(
= c & f( −
4

,\*
7 4 :3
% 8 i+
bj
0
!( −
4 ~; == , ,> ,&

:(**! ** ** , ,x**U **,& ,?q**W 4 :% }0L −
4 ¨"
,x* * *& WG lW> ? ; ;L : #0 12 −
4 S ,< 1 ?& # ,& :m
7M
1*]
*S >* *,& * > ,& 4 :h>0C % −
4 ,
6
1**! # **,& ** ?** n
/)**M :} ! % > 12 −
*
*,& ;* ?*
* :n
Q*M ,x)0 ] ;
4& ; , ,? f
>F
4<W ] 3 :h
: W
& dio o2 12 −
?A**0 ** :IW? ic (
5?+ & '( −
4 == , ,? ¨
j**[ **> :h8e 86 & >0 h )+ ,h8e } −
4 , – m –
,
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬـــــﺮﺱ‬
٥٣٣
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬
!"# 6;
(

; b 8 & DVn A+
6
[[ % & (n0
[s : h
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 < n; M
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 n; XS
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 W 'I
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 W W :1" a'7
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 17 :y= a'7
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 < :u= a'7
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 a< :h a'7
44444444444444444444444444444444444 (
W " ,< : [ a'7
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
W < 'I
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
W :1"
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
3 :y=
[ C+
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 a3 :1"
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 a3 H&
٥٣٤
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444a3 'I
O
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +&" UG ,& :3"
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 u
0Q"
Ar ,& :
O0K
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 u
0Q H&
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 u0o 'I
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 \ W : < 'I y=
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ?P \ W H&
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 sq \ W H&
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 \ 8 H&
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 i : < 'I u=
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 i" s0
p 3%] h
h
p 7%] :@9+
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 H< ?/,
O
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 i :3"
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ?P \ W :
0K
O
O
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 \ 8 :=K
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 sq \ W :
O
٥٣٥
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
/, f Y :'c
O
h8e :(cV
@
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 N& A
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444N& s0
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 N& H&
O
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ' f :3"
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 i" @&F "S
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 + m" %/=
C :
0K
O
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 %/= n; M
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 %/= m
O
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 a' Ar h! :=K
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +&F
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
O z
Ar h!
D h;
D 9 J
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 a' Ar h m
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 a' u0o h! :
O
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +&F
٥٣٦
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 a' u0o h m

4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 i) s/ :'c
O
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +&F
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 '[ 1 8 :
O
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444UW; M
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 @&F
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444 cg \ sq \ W :
O
p 6 h8e ik h8e
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 (7 H N& N,
N& & \ <
c i
>- & :1" Z,'
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 )7 a3 −
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 j7/ a3 −N
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 j7/
' Z,
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444 i) s/ j7/ a<>
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 cg \ sq \ W − b
:
J D J /
A>
4444444444444444444444444+,/M D D ?q7; i> !" :y= Z,'
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 a' Ar h =
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 )7 a3 =
٥٣٧
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 j7/ a3 =

4444444444444444444444444 pL +
,S " ,p ! i> !" :u= Z,'
_` !
# h8j
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 sq \ W h8
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 sq \ W Z)0
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 sq \ W Z-0
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 sq \ W !
44444444444444444444444444444444 >"
O O 8 LM ? H" :1" a'7
4444444444444444444444444444444444444
8 LM ? H" :y= a'7
D 9 J H"
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 @ L _ n[
444444444444444444444444444444444444444
8"
3
H"
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444 f/," N&
H"
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 N" ?:D 9:8 1>
D 9 : "S
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 N" ? 8
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444 fW N! I hP
44444444444444444444444444444+6S" N
} _ fW & N/;
[[ W
D% h
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 (</
[[ ` :@9+
٥٣٨
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444?& U I Z' pq

[ps /c
S S :(cV
[p
@
D 'I
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 a
4444444444444444444444444444444444444l[ a&" , / a&
¨W
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 Z7" a3 s! a<>
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 a N&F
@
[ss D2e ) :GV
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +'I
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1- ¢W
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 p " )
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ) ! "S
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 p ir>
[ .A+- h U
:C
@
[ W
bj U` :) )
@
[[ 58W h
[[ ]L +0] :@9+
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444, n; M
٥٣٩
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444, -

444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ¤[ n; M
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 (</ f3
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 (</ f3 HB'
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
</ ¤[ _ \-
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ¤[ 1<S
O
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444W ¤[ :3"
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444," W ¤[
m
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ¤[ :
0K
O
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 } & ¤[ ! f/
O
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +,S :=K
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ¤[ ' '; xr a3 "S
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ¤[ M
4444444444444444444444444444444444 ! +,S " ! ]" ¤[ M !
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 2
cQM" ¤[ a;7M
O
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
cQ" a;7 ! :3"
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444!"
O ¤[ a;7M :
0K
O
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 !"
O O
¤[
cQM :=K
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ¤[" , ir>
٥٤٠
O
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 , ir> :3"
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ¤[ ir> :
0K
O
[ I4+ )% h
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 '/ %/
O
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ©c" A :3"
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 A lp)c
O
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 U&q / ir> :3"
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 A (; ! :
0K
O
O
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444U h A ir> :=K
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ]>" A ir> :
O
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ©c" A ¤c 1>
O
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 :3"
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
8/ 3 :
0K
O
O
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
8/ H3 :=K
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
8/ F :
O
pp _ 7 6 A
W+
O
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 %/ u
> U'I :3"
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 U& "S :
0K
O
O
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ]¤c ir> :=K
٥٤١
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1 8 2r] i) :

O
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444U/ M
` {Q; :'c
O
pp I;+ /j
C 1&F S
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ©c" F
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444¤[ }M
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ]'A" F (L] ^8
k (L] 'A hP :
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 F O
p 70 9 9
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444UW; M
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 U P
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 f3 3 +
& \cM
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444Uc a<>
p K%M (W% 9
C \& U& "S
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 F
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

C 3
p I;+ l
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ©c" | <>
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1& :1" a<
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 f :y= a<
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 f K
٥٤٢
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 m
:u= a<
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444m
K
ps !8# h
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 \&W 1<S
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 \&W <>
44444444444444444444444444444444444444
` " ;7M
O O h8 :1"
" GW
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +/& +& cQ; 3 :y=
! ` D \&W A F h"
/= & \ W ;M :u=
O " %/=
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 + u
0Q fM 1)M :h
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 < _ 2!"
k 3 : [
4444444444444444444444444444 1 W %& 7;" \ W \); :'
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1 W a;7M :
0K
O
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ¡" a 0 \&8
p !8# dc h
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 \&W ir> ~B
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 \&W & N/;
O
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 + 1 W :3"
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ) :
0K
O
٥٤٣
O
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 iG :=K
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 "" :
O
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 iG" ) 0F "S
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1U ?/, \ W
-
M
p A=029 h
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1S3 }P
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1S3 A
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +/& 1 m' a3 a<>
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +/& 1 <>
p _r%0 h
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
&/ 1 I&
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 s/ A
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +
& s/ a<>
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
&/ s0
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444s/ +
8 h7; 3
ss 59
# h
ss A
# :@9+
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
J 9 D M
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1 W
٥٤٤
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444+ 1 W 'I

s %
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 f/ n; M
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 / \&
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 f/ i> ir>
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 / 'I
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 a< f; %F iq /
4444444444444444444444444444444444444 a< f; %F
8q " N f0
4444444444444444444444444444 a< f
iq %F iq / a<>
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 / hM <>
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 H
; ; ; a<> *
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 a
c "S
444444444444444444444444444444444 f / -[ "
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 f [ / a
cM
k
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ac N&F
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 i"r 'I
ss[ V=0)9
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 n; M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 K3 A
٥٤٥
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 K c.

ss QS P%
w
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444UW; M
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 / ~
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 / A
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 N"/ "S
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
' Z,
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444+6"S
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ) & N/;
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 m 1 W ~B
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 m 1 W _ \
@
s + + B A
# :GV
O
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M :3"
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +6"S :
0K
O
O
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +<> :=K
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +! 1 W 1> :
O
s (W A
# :
@
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
٥٤٦
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +<>

444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +'I
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
4444444444444444444444444444444\ W I,' " hI a3 1>
s A h
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444UW; M
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 n; XS
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1 "S
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1 Z>-
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1 Z>- a<>
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 (<0 1 Z>- f?
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1 s0
O I "S
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 3>
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441 M
s f((0 h
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +<>
4444444444444444444444444444444 L
" 1
ic3" ¨WM3 +!"
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 L
s0
٥٤٧
O
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 W L
M :3"
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,'/ L
M :
0K
O
O
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1 ,'/ L
M :3"
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1
B ,'0 L
M :
0K
O
s 7%G0)9 h
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 %/=' n; M
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 f/=3 A
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 f/=3 H"
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 3F :N %/=' a<>
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 3F HcQ f/=3
s 5M h
s U M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 i">
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 i"> 'I
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 i"> y
W"e M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 8P n; M
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 8P y
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 8P 'I
٥٤٨
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 8P <>

[s I
W+ !8 !
; 30 7)B h
[s !
# ) :@9+
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +'I
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +Mp8
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 \ u
> +<>
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 \ W a <> Y
[ } :(cV
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ) \& "S
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ) 'I
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ) s0 y=
4444444444444444444444444444444444 1 :N i :) s0 u=
@
p !8# ) :GV
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444+&F
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +& Z,
s =] (? A8j :
@
s A
# ) A8j :C
@
٥٤٩
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M

4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444+&F
s !8# ) I] #} A8j :) )
@
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444UW; M
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 U&F "S
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 U, W) 1 1>
[ !(`#0 ) A8j :
@ )
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444\
qW a H3>
J 0 h
~
%
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444n;
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 n; XS
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 E / ~B
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 E / 'I
O
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ?7
7 E / :3"
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ?,,' E / :
0K
O
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
, & E / hI
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +'I
٥٥٠
O
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ?GW
A :3"
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 x/
A :
0K
O
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
A ¢W
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 A" <
A "S
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
A" E /
¨W
/(] >8
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444?n
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
, n& n; M
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 n; XS
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +<>
p vC% >8
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 n i">
[ A]
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 n; M
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 n; XS
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1, 'I

h
O
444444444444444444 8P " Z
A " 8 u
> ¢W :3"
4444444" V I&" f u
0Q & ¨F
W
A :
0K
O
٥٥١
O
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 L
M :=K
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 2®/" N&F
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444442
</M" n; M
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444\&8 " %& ¬-
44444444444444444444444444444444444444 \&8 " %& ¬) <>
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 H;/A
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
0K a<>
s U} _% h
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
4444444444444 ¡
S ]" ,(>" i) h/; ]" :1" a'7
444444444 (" " ,()7 u
0Q nQ ?U/; xr a3 :]>
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 s %U/
- :y=
44444444444444444444444 &0 ]" ,
i) h/; :y= a'7
D D :1" s/
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 c & h a
444444444444 ]" ,c & h W- +0< i) h/; :y= s/
[ dM
0 h
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 Z n; M
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 Z

7
)
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 Z B
- "S
٥٥٢
444444444444444444444444444444444444 " i'; a Z B

-
p[ h
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 +W; M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 nI H
M
p 7:e 'L & 8
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 8 n :3O"
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444UW; M
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 U I },P _ :1" \)W
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444\- (L] A> _ :y= \)W
p J
ss I#

Lis Na6507

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Lis Na6507

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lis Na6507

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

‫@ @‬

‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬

,*] * 3 */ *I Z*

,X *" ,*" ,aG/*" , *=/ *U

 :\*= ,(' pqA 6;

D J D − Z)De/" , -)[ & %&  h - 

: # <#  :AB C6

:A6 :FG C6

:   :HG C6

:  :J  C6

D *AC DMD ** *]"

(‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪ‬

: ()9 M :FG

4  :\)W X S 

: V:V _c+ d(0W

: D : * V" ,¤[ W ¤ ; a" ,/ ,&

 fL! 1; 3" ,L +

9 J a +0" ,+- %& +p7, &F

4  :\)W X S 

:H(cn0 (o0 ]08 :(cV

‫ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬

4 :N 7 X S 

§LKJI¦ :%** M +**I **0 ,+**

¶µ´³²±°¦ :%* M +I 0 ," ,a3 %& \]

4 W)&  3 ,N 7 X S 

%*&  * Ec u

E* I" :y*= _" ,\*&8 h*8 \* _ '*< %*& *

4 yS  X S 

:+*6 §vutsr¦ :%* M +*I +*/" ,*I :0 ,(%V9 + −h

4 _ / 

:‫ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬

4 j ,?!  2,& 4 4x/ m

4 :\)W X S : G/; 

~}|{¦ :%*** M +***I \***= :?***P L*** i ***| F

4 :hU h] 

4 j ,?!  2,& 4 ,x/ m

4a' Ar h!" ,%/= _ f

4 '[ 1 8  _ / ir> − L

:H. ]  %& +   _ r] 

O n ,%/= N &F E & 9 D R/KJ 8

: (W 5W;  AG

cba`_~}|{zyxwv¦ :+*********I" 4 

: 0C 7) / / 8j

4 :i)0 : G0 

4 –  :hU h] : G/; +

:.HcZ - 0  ,.o - : :0  : −p

S P S ]}c@ P S S  S P RB

?*< H **" ,V**;c **A f**! :*7

:C o JM v 

4 :i & §ponm

h**/  %**F f**  ** **&! Z]r**8 42 **

gfedcb¦ :%**** M 1****I" , :****] §ponm

41 * 7 a3 %& 3" iq %& \c; 3 ;/  ;

§\[ZYX¦ :%* M +*I" ,a<,!" fQ 7M a :fM AG 

‫ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺭ‬

.i )  j – j ,?!  2,&  4x/ m

*A 8 ,(*7 E'

:f (] M U4  :(cV

,] 3 / I Z*

,X" ," ,aG/" ,=/ *U

:\*= ,(' pqA 6;

D J D − Z)De/" , -)[ & %& h-

: # <# :AB C6

:A6 :FG C6

: :HG C6

: :J C6

D *AC DMD ** *]"

:()9 M :FG

4 :\)W XS

:V:V _c+ d(0W

: D : * V" ,¤[ W ¤ ; a" ,/ ,&

fL! 1; 3" ,L +

9 J a +0" ,+- %& +p7, &F

4 :\)W XS

:H(cn0 (o0 ]08 :(cV

4 :N7 XS

§LKJI¦ :% M +I 0 ,+

¶µ´³²±°¦ :%* M +I 0 ," ,a3 %& \]

4 W)& 3 ,N7 XS

%& Ec u

E* I" :y= _" ,\&8 h8 \ _ '< %& *

4 yS XS

:+6 §vutsr¦ :% M +I +/" ,*I :0 ,(%V9 + −h

4 _ /

4 j ,?! 2,& 4 4x/ m

4 :\)W XS :G/;

~}|{¦ :%* M +I \= :?P L i*| F

4 :hU h]

4 j ,?! 2,& 4 ,x/ m

4a' Ar h!" ,%/= _ f

4 '[ 1 8 _ / ir> − L

:H. ] %& + _ r]

O n ,%/= N&F E& 9 D R/KJ 8

: (W 5W; AG

cba`_~}|{zyxwv¦ :+*********I" 4

:0C 7) / / 8j

4 :i)0 :G0

4 – :hU h] :G/; +

:.HcZ - 0 ,.o - : :0 : −p

S P S ]}c@ P S S S P RB

?< H" ,V;c A f! :7

:C o JM v

4:i& §ponm

h/ %F f &! Z]r8 42**

gfedcb¦ :% M 1I" , :] §ponm

41 * 7 a3 %& 3" iq %& \c; 3 ;/ ;

§\[ZYX¦ :%* M +*I" ,a<,!" fQ 7M a :fM AG

.i) j – j ,?! 2,& 4x/ m

A8 ,(7 E'

:f (] M U4 :(cV

4j ,?! 2,& 4 ,x/ m

8< U! a] 17 r] N-"

8< Z K 1I r**]"

3" ,+8A _ x[L 8c O ,?W/ *

: ,)0D 0F"

D F :+I 0 ,:]60C

KJI¦ :%* M +*I t***IJ

3 : 9 : %& 3

PS /n S S 3P Q P cP R S R S

:@ D` /+ : d}% :AB C6 −

/ > xoM ?U8 (Ar W) %>

: d > + , 3#% ]C (]]C 7W −

µ´¦ :\= U|F Z!" @ *I 8 ,(W% : !

:U:09 + :(cV

4 / %F +,'0" , :a& " , :+;,

º¹¸¶¦ :% M +I **0 ,78 b%

:d > h & fM

4 , :?/

KJIHGFEDCBA¦ :+I" ,, :a; §l

4 : ; ZA<

4 :hU h]

4 :yS " , :\

E0A F" 4:(7,§zyxwvu¦ :0 ,n

4 :yS " , :\

4 :f §HGF¦ :+I" ,

:E2 hM ( ' & 7# 8 h%

1 \,7; :(</ F :x ,Ko

,%/<" , ;/< 7;