Professional Documents
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Bloodtransfusie
Bloodtransfusie
By Dr.Amith
1st yr PG
OMFS
RRDCH
CONTENTS
Introduction
Components of blood
Functions of blood
History of blood transfusion
ABO blood groups
Rh blood group
Other common significant blood groups
General indications for blood transfusion
Pre-transfusion testing
Principles of blood transfusion
Precautions to be taken while blood transfusion
Blood products
Complications of blood transfusion
Newer modalities
INTRODUCTION
Blood is a connective tissue in liquid form . It is
considered to be the fluid of life as it supplies oxygen
to various parts of the body.
Blood transfusion can be defined as the transfusion
of the whole blood or its components from one person
to the other.
(Or)
Transfusion is simply the transplantation of a tissue
consisting of a suspension of cells in a serum
It involves the collection of blood from the donor and
administration of the blood to the patient
FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
Blood
Erythrocytes Leucocytes
Thrombocytes
[5 [4000 – 11000/ 91% Water 9% solids
[1.5-4 lakhs]
million/cumm] cumm]
Surface of RBC
when viewed under
Electron
microscope
LANDSTEINER'S LAW
Based on his observations Karl
Landsteiner in 1900 framed a law
called Landsteiner's Law
It has 2 major components , they are :
If an agglutinogen is present in the
RBCs of an individual , the
corresponding agglutinin must be
absent from the plasma
If the agglutinogen is absent in the
individual RBCs , the corresponding
agglutinin must be present in the
plasma
Plasma compatibility
ANTICOAGULANTS
1916 - First anticoagulant preservative was
discovered by Rous and turner – Citrate glucose
1943 – Acid citrate dextrose was introduced by
Loutit and Mollison
1957 - Gibson et al developed citrate phosphate
dextrose (CPD)
1978 – citrate phosphate with adenine (CPDA-1)
Cross matching
PREGNANCY
not be accepted during period of pregnancy and till
12 months after full term delivery and also during
lactation.
ASPIRIN INGESTION
Ingestion of Aspirin or any related medicine within 3
days prior to donation should preclude use of donor
as a source of platelet preparation.
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Major : one year after the recovery
Minor : 6months
LABORATORY EXAMINATION :
Haemoglobin : not less than 12.0 gm/dl
4. Anaemia
5. Bleeding disorders
6. Burns
3. Temperature of blood to be
transfused must be same as body
temperature.
iv. Anaphylaxis
•Pre-washing of RBCs is an
essential practice for reducing
potassium load in irradiated
PRBC
HYPOKALEMIA
Hypokalemia is more common than the
hyperkalemia after transfusion because donor
red cells re- accumulate the ion intracellularly
Citrate metabolism causes further movement of
potassium into the cells. Catecholamine release
and aldosterone urinary loss can also trigger
hypokalemia in the setting of massive
transfusion.
No treatment or preventive strategy is usually
necessary
Bacteria
Parasites
Prions
NEW CONCEPTS IN TRANSFUSION
MEDICINE