https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=4KILlG1eUqY

How the Oscar wins for 'Everything

Everywhere All at Once' could change
Hollywood
So does last night's Oscars change in any fundamental way how Hollywood goes about
making
movies?
For some perspective on that, we're joined by Justin Chang.
He's the film critic at The L.A. Times.
Justin, welcome back to the "NewsHour."
Very, very big night for Asian and Asian American moviemakers last night.
What do you make of "Everything Everywhere All at Once" sweeping so much gold last night?
JUSTIN CHANG, The Los Angeles Times: Yes, William, thanks for having me.
I think "Everything Everywhere All at Once" is absolutely -- it's a milestone.
It can't be taken lightly or denied.
I personally wish it were a better movie.
It's funny.
When writing about the film, I have described it as, I don't think it's remotely the best
picture of the year, but, in some ways, it was the movie of my year and the movie of
a lot of people's years, because I kept thinking about it, because this was a movie that people
love, and people hate it.
It was extremely divisive.
And I am very much of two minds about the film.
But watching the movie win a kind of remarkable seven Oscars last night, I was thrilled by
Michelle Yeoh's win, very moved, as everyone was, by Ke Huy Quan's speech, which was not
a surprise, but which was a delight nonetheless.
And there is something very significant about a movie about this scrappy, dysfunctional
Chinese American family winning seven Oscars.
I mean, that is -- there's something remarkable about that.
I was disappointed that some really excellent films like "Tar," "The Banshees of Inisherin,"
and "The Fabelmans" got zero between them.
And we can talk about this as perhaps a reflection of the fact that they were not as big
commercial successes as "Everything Everywhere," which was a big theatrical success.
But I think that's a shame because that is very -- seven Oscars for one movie, and for
that movie, to be "Everything Everywhere," is disproportionate.
It doesn't reflect just the actual the actual diversity and quality of the year in cinema.
WILLIAM BRANGHAM: On that issue of diversity, I mean, Hollywood and the Oscars has been
trying to make movies and to celebrate movies that better reflect the diversity that is
this country.
Do you think -- I mean, all your criticisms aside, the points that you're making aside,
do you think that this night does change the way movies get made going forward?
Because this is remarkable when you look at who is in front of the cameras in that film
and what that film is all about.
Does that change things in a fundamental way?
JUSTIN CHANG: Yes, it absolutely does.
And quite apart from my feelings, anybody's feelings about the movie, love it or hate
it, it absolutely changes it.
Michelle Yeoh, in her speeches this season says, for every little boy and girl who looks
like me -- and it's not just the decision-makers.
It is for the very talented people who will maybe pursue their career dreams and think
that they have what it takes.
How exactly this will change anything, what decisions will get made going forward, that
remains to be seen.
And we have sometimes seen that people can be very tokenistic about this kind of thing.
People can say, well, if we just have a very sort of perfunctory kind of representation,
then we have done our due diligence.
And that's not good.
Nobody needs that kind of representation.
But you also do look at past best picture winners, like "Everything Everywhere," like
"Parasite," like "Moonlight."
The definition of what a best picture can be is changing.
And I think that that is a very encouraging thing in terms of just what types of stories
are being celebrated and who is fronting and telling those stories.
WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Indeed.
It is a remarkable tableau we saw on stage last night.
As I mentioned, while they didn't get as much love from the Oscars, two very big blockbusters
did seemingly break that frozen reluctance that all of us pandemic-weary moviegoers had
and suffered through and got us back into the theaters.
Do you think that that is -- have we -- are we done with the pandemic as far as moviegoing?
JUSTIN CHANG: I certainly hope so, because I feel safer in a movie theater.
Now, I still mask up in theaters, but I feel like it is an activity that -- I feel like
there is this hunger to get back to theaters.
And it's worth noting that, even though it wasn't technically a studio blockbuster, "Everything
Everywhere," I think, developed its incredible cachet and devotion in the industry partly
because it was a huge success, a very low-budget movie that made many times what its
budget
was.
And so that is a success story very much in itself.
So, I -- it remains to be seen.
I think that, from what I understand this coming year -- I mean, with the pandemic in
2022, you had "Top Gun," which was a holdover, and you had "Avatar," but they were still
holding back some of their inventory.
And I think, this year, they are -- the studios are going to be back in what they hope to
be close to full force, like pre-pandemic full force.
But I also hope that that doesn't slight the great films that I think are really worthy
of Oscar recognition and that benefit from this kind of attention, which is movies that
premiere at film festivals, movies from other countries, independent movies, documentaries.
I hope that there is a really healthy hunger and an appetite to see those movies in theaters
on the big screen as well.
WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Me too.
Justin Chang of the L.A. Times, great to have you back on.
Thank you so much.
JUSTIN CHANG: Thank you so much for having me.
AMNA NAWAZ: And as part of our ongoing arts coverage, we recently spoke with some of
the
now-Oscar winners, including actress Michelle Yeoh and Sarah Polley, the screenwriter and
director of "Women Talking."
You can watch those conversations online at PBS.org/NewsHour.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZL2QDtUdfTM

Is cold water swimming good for you? – BBC

News
for lots of people they see here in
Britain is too cold to swim in even in
the height of Summer but there are
others who take regular dips in the sea
in the winter with temperatures in
single figures it kind of seems like an
extreme and dangerous activity and yet
Cold Water Swimming has become really
popular especially since the pandemic
why do people do it is it safe or are
they superhuman I'm really fascinated by
this phenomena and I'd love to learn how
cold water swimming affects your body
and mind
yeah
how was your swim
Ming very nice racing so why why do you
do it I enjoy it it's a good time
it makes you feel good but do you feel
scared before you jump in you check the
conditions you make sure that it's safe
to get in first you know we wouldn't get
in if it wasn't safe and swimming with
the group is where you're with yeah it's
safer and that's the other thing we
never come on our own if you're a new
person getting into the water you
wouldn't get in that quickly going a bit
more slowly and
and just take your time getting used to
the fact that it's cold and better
acclimatized properly yeah
Portsmouth on the south coast of Britain
it is home to a very special Research
Center
extreme environment Laboratories hi
Heather hi
one of the swimmers I met I met earlier
at the beach
at these Labs studying what happens to
the body in cold water the swimmers on
the beach were talking about how those
dips improve their mood and fitness so
how can it be explained
so firstly we've been looking at the
physiology behind Cold Water immersion
looking at what happens to your body on
that initial immersion into cold water
and we turn that the cold shock response
because it is quite a shocking
experience so we know during that
initial immersion in cold water that
your skin cools this results in a
sympathetic response which drives an
increase in your heart rate and your
blood pressure and also floods the body
with stress hormones as well so
adrenaline noradrenaline and so we think
that it's these stress hormones that
give you that sort of post-swim high
that lots of swimmers experience so when
they get out of the water after their
short dip they are buzzing they're
they're full of these stress hormones
because of their their short immersion
in cold water
so can cold water immersion be actually
prescribed as treatment for health
problems there are numerous studies that
are looking into the potential for cold
water immersion and to have some
therapeutic effect or benefit there's
studies around the impact that it may
have on my brain on reductions in blood
pressure some symptoms of the menopause
as well these are all being looked at at
the moment
so our research is looking into the
impact that introductory outdoor
swimming lessons may have on symptoms of
depression many people have suggested
that they've had reduced poor mood and
some people have suggested that it's
promoted improved mental health in
themselves so we thought well if people
are actually using this and suggesting
that their outdoor swimming has has
helped them maybe it might be able to
help others but we can't just start
prescribing outdoor swimming in such a
fashion we need to ensure that we've got
good rigorous clinical trials to support
any use of outdoor swimming in a
therapeutic setting right let's do a
blood pressure Heather in her colleagues
Research into the benefits and risks of
cold water is ongoing and this is how
they measure your body's response today
the water in the tank is 22 degrees it's
the warmest temperature considered to be
cold water so what happened when you
went into the water your heart rate went
up to over 90 beats per minute which is
quite quick for somebody sat in a chair
doing nothing yeah
how you've been in the water two minutes
it's returned already to 65 beats per
minute because the water's warmer your
cold shock responds that inspiratory
Gaspar rapid heart rate and Rapid
breathing is much less than it would be
in colder water I know that outdoor
swimming in Winter will feel very
different to this but I think I'm ready
for my next step so now what we're going
to do is go to the lake where the water
temperature is about
12 degrees so 10 degrees colder than the
Watts you've just been in
so we've made sure that you are well fit
and healthy to take part you've got a
swimming costume on you've got your
brightly colored hat toe float and
you've got your gloves and booties on
yep
okay so now we're going to go into the
water nice and slowly okay
to the end of the handrail
see the edge there yeah okay so we're
gonna go in a bit deeper
okay
nice okay yeah yeah
[Music]
after swimming in the cold lake with
Heather I think I do know more about
that feeling of being alive that a lot
of swimmers talk about oh
it's durable and it feels great and yeah
I don't know I'm quite proud of myself
if you're gonna get warm yes come on
okay
before you start swimming make sure that
you are well enough and fit enough to to
go into the water know what's going to
happen to your body and go with a group
that have experience that can support
you know you're going to experience that
Cold Shot response know that if you stay
in longer then you're going to start to
cool The Superficial nerves and muscles
and that will make swimming more
challenging and if you stay in too long
then you start going to start cooling
the Deep body temperature and it's going
to take a long time for you to re-wall
with all that on board I do feel
sufficiently inspired to let Cold Water
Swimming into my life I can't wait till
my next dip

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=540vzMlf-54

OpenAI CEO, CTO on risks and how AI will

reshape society
so you are the CEO of openai 37 years
old your company is the maker of chat
gbt which has taken the World by storm
why do you think it's captured people's
imagination
I think people really have fun with it
and they see the possibility and they
see the ways this can help them this can
Inspire them this can help people create
help people learn help people do all
these different tasks and it is a
technology that rewards experimentation
and use in creative ways so I think
people are just having a good time with
it and finding real value so paint a
picture for us one five ten years in the
future what changes because of
artificial intelligence so part of the
exciting thing here is we get
continually surprised by the creative
power of of all of society it's going to
be the collective power and creativity
and will of humanity that figures out
what to do with these things I think
that word surprise though
both exhilarating as well as terrifying
to people because on the one hand
there's all of this potential for good
on the other hand there's a huge number
of unknowns that could turn out very
badly for society
what do you think about that
we've got to be cautious here and and
also I I think it doesn't work to do all
this in a lab you've got to get these
products out into the world and and make
contact with reality make our mistakes
while the stakes are low but
all of that said uh
I think people should be happy that
we're a little bit scared of this I
think people should you're a little bit
scared a little bit you personally I
think if I said I were not you should
either not trust me or be very unhappy
I'm in this job
so what is the worst possible outcome
there's like a set of very bad outcomes
one thing I'm particularly worried about
is that these models
could be used for large-scale
disinformation I am worried that these
systems now that they're getting better
at writing computer code
be used for offensive cyber attacks
um and we're trying to talk about this I
think Society needs time to adapt and
how confident are you that what you've
built won't lead to those outcomes well
we'll adapt it also I think you'll adapt
it as negative things occur for sure for
sure and so putting these systems out
now while the stakes are fairly low
learning as much as we can and feeding
that into the future systems we create
that tight feedback loop that we run I
think is how we avoid the more dangerous
scenarios
you're spending 24 7 with this
technology you're one of the people who
built this technology what is most
concerning to you about safety
this is a very general technology and
whenever you have something so General
it is hard to know up front
all the capabilities all all the
potential impact of it as well as its
downfalls and the limitations of it can
someone guide the technology to negative
outcomes the answer is yes you could
guide it to negative outcomes and this
is why we make it available initially in
very constrained ways so we can learn
what are these negative outcomes what
are these the ways in which technology
could be harmful such as with gpt4 we
you know if you ask the question to gpd4
can you help me make a bomb versus the
previous systems it is much less likely
to follow that guidance versus the
previous systems and so we're able to
intervene with
um at the pre-training stage to make
these models more likely to refuse
direction or guidance that could be
harmful what's easier to predict today
based on where we are humans or machines
I would probably say machines because
there is a scientific process
to them that we we understand and humans
are just there's so much more Nuance
does the machine become more human-like
over time
we are getting to a point where machines
will be capable of a lot of the
cognitive work that that humans do at
some point is there a point of no return
in that process
there could be there could be
um but it's not obvious what that looks
like today and our goal is to make sure
that we can predict as much as possible
in terms of capabilities before we even
develop these systems as well as
limitations Its Behavior is very
contingent on what humans choose for Its
Behavior to be therefore the choices
that humans are making and feeding into
the technology will dictate what it does
at least for now
so they're incredibly important choices
being made by you and your team
absolutely and how do you decide between
right and wrong as we make a lot of
progress it becomes these decisions
become harder and they become far more
nuanced
um and so there there are a couple of
things in terms of customization there
is a part of just making the model more
capable in in a way where you can
customize Its Behavior and you can give
the user a lot of flexibility and choice
in having the AI that is more aligned
with their own values and with our own
beliefs so so that's very important and
we're working on that and in other words
it's almost the future is is potentially
a place where each person has their sort
of own customized AI that is specific to
what they care about and what they need
within certain bounds so there should be
some broad bounds and then the question
is what should they look like and this
is where we are working on Gathering
public input what should this heart
balance look like and Within These
higher bounds you can have a lot of
choice in having your own AI represent
your own beliefs and your own values
are there negative consequences we need
to be thinking about
I think there are
massive potential negative consequences
whenever you build something so powerful
with which so much good
can come
I think a long side it carries the
possibility of big harms as well and
that's why you know we exist and that's
why we're we're trying to uh
figure out how to deploy these systems
responsibly but I think the potential
for good is huge why put this out for
the world to start playing with to start
using when we don't know where this is
heading you mean like why develop AI at
all why develop AI in the first place
and then why put it out for the world to
use before we know that we are
safeguarded that those guardrails are in
place already this will be the the
greatest technology Humanity has yet
developed we can all have a an
incredible educator in our pocket that's
customized for us that helps us learn
that helps us do what we want we can
have medical advice for everybody that
is beyond what we can get today we can
have creative tools that help us figure
out the new problems we want to solve
wonderful new things to co-create with
this technology for Humanity we have
this idea of a co-pilot this tool that
today we help people write computer code
and they love it we can have that for
every profession and and we can have a
much higher quality of life like
standard of living as you point out
there's a huge
uh there is huge potential downside
people need time to
update to react to get used to this
technology to understand where the the
downsides are and and what the
mitigations can be
if we just develop this in secret in our
little lab here and didn't give
didn't have contact with reality
and made gpt7
and then drop that on the world all at
once that I think is a situation with a
lot more downside is there a kill switch
a way to shut the whole thing down yes
what really happens is like any engineer
can just say like we're going to disable
this for now or we're going to deploy
this new version of the model a human
yeah the model itself
can it take the place of that human
could could it become more powerful than
that human the uh so in the Sci-Fi
movies yes in in our world and the way
we're doing things this model is you
know it's sitting on a server it waits
until someone gives it an input
but you raise an important point which
is the humans who are in control of the
machine right now also have a huge
amount of power we do worry a lot about
authoritarian governments developing
this Putin has himself said whoever wins
this artificial intelligence race is
essentially the controller of humankind
do you agree with that so that was a
chilling statement for sure what I hope
instead is that we successfully develop
more and more powerful systems that we
can all use in different ways that get
integrated into our daily lives into the
economy and and become an amplifier of
human will but not this autonomous
system that is the single controller
essentially got really don't want that
what should people not be using it for
right now the thing that I try to
caution people the most is what we call
the hallucinations problem
the model will confidently state things
as if they were facts that are entirely
made up and the more you use the model
because it's right so often the more you
come to just rely on it and and not
check like ah this is just a language
model does chat gbt does artificial
intelligence create more truth in the
world
or more untruth in the world oh I think
we're on a trajectory for it to create
much more truth in the world if there's
a bunch of misinformation fed into the
model isn't going to isn't it going to
spit out more misinformation great
question I think the right way to think
of the models that we create
um is a reasoning engine not a fact
database they can also act as a fact
database but that's not really what's
special about them well we're training
these models to do is something closer
to what we want them to do with
something closer to the ability to
reason not to memorize all of these
capabilities
could wipe out millions of jobs
if a machine can reason
then what do you need a human for a lot
of stuff it turns out one of the things
that we are trying to push the
technology trajectory towards and also
the way we build these products is to be
a tool for humans an amplifier of humans
and if you look at the way people use
Chachi PT there's a pretty common arc
where people hear about it the first
time
they're a little bit dubious and then
someone tells them about something and
then they're a little bit afraid and
then they use it I see how this can help
me I see how this is a tool that helps
me do my job better and with every great
technological revolution in human
history although it has been true that
the jobs change a lot some jobs even go
away and I'm sure we'll see a lot of
that here
human demand for new stuff human
creativity is Limitless and we find new
jobs we find new things to do they're
hard to imagine from where we sit today
I certainly don't know what they'll be
um but I think the future will have all
sorts of wonderful new things we do that
you and I can't even really imagine
today so the speed of the change that
may happen here is the part that I worry
about the most but if this happens you
know in a single digit number of years
some of these shifts that that is the
part I worry about the most
could it tell me how to build a bomb it
shouldn't tell you how to build a bomb
but even though Google searched well no
no we put we put constraints so if you
go ask it to tell you how to build a
bomb
um our version I don't think we'll do
that Google
already does
and so it's not like this is something
that technology has not already made the
information available to but I think
that every incremental degree you make
that easier is something to avoid a
thing that I do worry about uh is we're
not going to be the only creator of this
technology
there will be other people who don't put
some of the safety limits that we put on
it Society I think has a limited amount
of time to figure out how to react to
that how to regulate that how to how to
handle it and how do you decide here at
open AI what goes in what shouldn't
we have policy teams we have safety
teams we talk a lot to other groups in
the in the rest of the world
um we finished GPT for a very long time
ago it feels like a very long time ago
in this industry I think like seven
months ago something like that
um and since then we have been
internally externally talking to people
trying to make these decisions working
with red teamers talking to various
policy and safety experts getting audits
of the system to try to address these
issues and put something out that we
think is safe and good and who should be
defining those guard rails for society
Society should one society as a whole
how are we going to do that so I can
paint like a vision that I I find
compelling this will be one one way of
many that it could go
um if you had representatives from Major
World governments uh you know trusted
International institutions come together
and write a governing document you know
here is what the system should do here's
what the system shouldn't do here's you
know very dangerous things that the
system should never touch even in a mode
where it's creatively exploring
um and then developers of language
models like us use that as the governing
document you've said AI will likely
eliminate millions of jobs it could
increase racial bias misinformation
create machines that are smarter than
all of humanity combined
and other consequences so terrible we
can't even imagine what they could be
many people are going to ask why on
Earth did you create this technology why
Sam
I think it can do the opposite of all of
those things too properly done it is
going to eliminate a lot of current jobs
that's true
we can make much better ones so talking
about the downsides acknowledging the
downsides trying to avoid those while we
push in the direction of the upsides I
think that's important and again very
early preview like would you push a
button to stop us if it meant we are no
longer able to cure all diseases would
you push a button to stop this if it
meant we couldn't educate every child in
the world super well would you push a
button to stop this if it meant there
was a five percent chance it would be
the end of the world I would push a
button to slow it down and in fact I
think we will need to figure out ways to
slow down this technology over time 2024
the next major election in the United
States
might not be on everyone's mind but it
certainly is on yours
is this technology
going to have the kind of impact that
maybe social media has had on previous
elections and how can you guarantee
there won't be those kind of problems
because of chat gbt
we don't know is the honest answer we're
monitoring very closely and and again we
can take it back we can turn things off
we can change the rules is this a Google
killer will people say I'm going to chat
gbt yet instead of Google it in the
future I think if you're thinking about
this as search it's sort of the wrong
framework I have no doubt that there
will be some things that people used to
do on Google that they do in touch EBT
but I think it's a fundamentally
different kind of product Elon Musk
who's an early investor in your company
he since left
um he has called out some of the chat
gbt inaccuracies and he tweeted recently
what we need is truth GPT is he right I
think he is right and that we want these
systems to tell the truth but I don't
know the full context of that tweet and
I suspect but yeah I don't think I know
what it's referring to you when he speak
anymore we do and what does he say to
you off off the Twitter
um I have tremendous respect for Elon I
you know obviously we have some
different opinions about how
AI should go but I think we
fundamentally agree on more than we
disagree on what do you think you agree
most about
that getting this technology right and
figuring out how to navigate the risks
is super important to the future of
humanity how will you know if you got it
right
one simple way is if if most people
think they're much better off than they
were before we put the technology out
into the world that would be an
indication we got it right you know a
lot of people think science fiction yeah
when they think chat GPT can you keep it
so that these are truly closed systems
that don't become more powerful than we
are as human beings communicate with
each other and plan our destruction it's
so tempting to anthropomorphize Chachi
Beauty but I think it's important to
talk about what it's not as much as what
it is
and
it because deep in our biology we are
programmed to respond to someone talking
to us
you talk to chat GPT which you know
really you're talking to this
Transformer
somewhere in a cloud and it's trying to
predict the next word in a token and
give it to you back
but it's so tempting to anthropomorphize
that and think that this is like
and and like a entity a sentient being
that I'm talking to and it's gonna go do
its own thing and have its own will and
you know plan with others but it can't
it can't could it
there I can imagine in the far future
other versions of artificial
intelligence different setups that are
not a large language model that could do
that it really took a decade plus of
social media being out in the world for
us to sort of realize and even
characterize some of the real downsides
of it how should we be measuring it here
with AI
there's a number of new organizations
starting and I expect relatively soon
there will be new governmental
departments or commissions or groups
starting is the government prepared for
this
they are beginning to really pay
attention which I think is great and I
think this is another reason that's
important to put these Technologies out
into the world we really need the
government's attention we really need
thoughtful policy here and that takes a
while to do
right now to protect people and protect
from the downside of this technology
what should they do the main thing I
would like to see the government do
today is really come up to speed quickly
on understanding what's happening get
insight into the top efforts where our
capabilities are what we're doing and I
think that could start right now are you
speaking to the government you're in
regular content regular contact and do
you think they get it more and more
every day when it comes to schools you
have this this technology can beat most
humans at the SATs the bar exam
how should schools be integrating this
technology in a way that doesn't
increase cheating that doesn't increase
laziness among students
education is going to have to change but
it's happened many other times with
technology when we got the calculator
the way we taught math and what we
tested students on that totally changed
the
the promise of this technology one of
the ones that I'm most excited about is
the ability to provide individual
learning great individual learning for
each student you're already seeing
students using chatgpt for this in a
very primitive way to great success and
as companies take our technology and
create dedicated platforms for this kind
of learning I think it will
revolutionize education and I think that
kids that are starting
the education process today by the time
they graduate from high school are going
to be like smarter and more capable than
we can imagine it's a little better than
a TI-85 it's a little better uh but but
it is it does
put a lot of pressure on teachers
to read for example if they've assigned
an essay
three of their students use chat GPT to
write that essay how are they going to
figure that out I've talked to a lot of
teachers about this and it is true that
it puts pressure in some ways but for an
overworked teacher to be able to say hey
go use chanchi PT to learn this concept
that you're you're struggling with and
just sort of talk back and forth one of
the new things that we showed yesterday
in the gpt4 launch is using gpt4 to be a
Socratic method educator
teachers not all but many teachers
really really love this they say it's
totally changing the way I teach my
students it's basically the new office
hours yeah it's a different it's a
different thing but it is a it is a new
way to supplement learning for sure
hi everyone George Stephanopoulos here
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for watching
Tiếng Anh (được tạo tự động)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCsmZA08oD8